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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Spanish consumers »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Spanish consumers"

Ciudad-Mulero, Maria, Patricia Morales, Montaña Cámara et Virginia Fernández-Ruiz. « Acceptance of New Formulations of Extruded Gluten Free Snacks Based on Pulse Flours by Spanish Millennial Consumers ». Sustainability 14, n^o 5 (7 mars 2022) : 3083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14053083.

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Nowadays, the food industry has developed novel gluten free extruded snack type products made from pulses, which could be good candidates to promote pulse consumption as a sustainable food product, while also satisfying the consumer’s demand. Snack type products are a large part of the young people’s diets and impact health outcomes, so it is essential to offer them snacks with a better nutritional profile. In this study, 81 Spanish millennial consumers tasted “in situ” six different gluten free snacks based on pulse flour (lentil and chickpea) marketed in Spain. The aim of the present study was: (a) to evaluate the Spanish millennial consumers’ acceptance level of new pulse snack type products; (b) to evaluate the segmentation of the millennial consumers and understand the difference between the segments; (c) to evaluate the potential relationship between their nutrition food labelling and consumers’ acceptance. In general, the lentil formulations (with more protein, more fat and less fiber) obtained higher scores than those of the chickpea. In addition, a multidimensional statistical analysis, preference mapping, and a statistical analysis of agglomerative hierarchical clustering were performed. Consumers were grouped into three clusters based on their preferences, allowing a detailed study of consumer acceptance of the selected snacks. Cluster 1 like less the samples with less salt, and, on the contrary, these samples were preferred by Cluster 3. Cluster 2 is a group who like lentil snacks, regardless of their flavoring. It was observed that the consumer segments differ at least in their preference for saltiness. The findings of this study also showed that the nutritional composition of the analyzed snacks (as appears in nutrition labelling) was associated with Spanish millennial consumers’ acceptance and could provide valuable information to develop new snacks targeted at specific market niches, such as millennials. These data provide valuable insights when trying to anticipate Spanish millennial consumer acceptance of new gluten free pulse snacks.

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Karaosman, Hakan, Gustavo Morales Alonso, Mercedes Grijalvo et Alessandro Brun. « The impact of ethical fashion on Spanish consumers ». Dirección y Organización, n^o 57 (11 décembre 2015) : 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37610/dyo.v0i57.481.

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This study examines the relationship between consumer behavior and ethical fashion by focusing on the fast-fashion retailing industry through Spanish consumers. Hence, it contributes to the ethical fashion and consumer behavior literature and provides noteworthy data for practitioners. The findings are supported by the quantitative analysis of surveys conducted with 462 Spanish consumers. The findings reveal that Spanish consumers have difficulties linking ethics to the fashion and apparel industry; furthermore, the ethical communication of fashion brands is not considered transparent. Lastly, it is concluded that ethical fashion has a positive impact on purchase behavior only when consumers have a high level of ethical concern.Keywords: Ethical fashion, Consumer behavior, Spanish consumer, Quantitative researchEl impacto de la ética en la moda para los consumidores españolesResumen: Se examina la relación entre el comportamiento del consumidor y la ética en la moda, contribuyendo a la literatura científica en el campo de la ‘moda ética’ y del comportamiento del consumidor, proporcionando interesantes datos para profesionales del mundo de la moda. Los resultados de 462 encuestas a consumidores revelan que éstos no vinculan el comportamiento ético y el mundo de la moda y consideran que la comunicación de la ética en dicho mundo no es transparente. Por último, se concluye que la ‘moda ética’ sólo impacta positivamente en la conducta de compra de los consumidores con una elevada preocupación ética.Palabras Clave: Moda ética, Comportamiento del consumidor, Consumidor español, investigación cuantitativa

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Areta, Álvaro, Isabel Bardají et Belén Iráizoz. « Spanish wines in the US market : What attributes do US consumers look for in Spanish wines ? » Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 15, n^o 4 (7 février 2018) : e0120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2017154-10006.

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This paper analysed the impact of different attributes in Spanish quality wines on United States (US) demand behaviour. A hedonic price model was estimated in order to assess the values that US consumers give Spanish wines. The main results showed that the most influential factor on sale price was aging, which had a positive impact. US consumers valued the quality ratings provided by experts, especially in the upper price categories. The year of vintage and size of the winery were considered medium importance factors in decision-making, with the latest vintages and the smallest wineries receiving the highest ratings. Geographical origin (appellation) helped to explain consumer preferences. Although colour was the least important attribute in consumers’ purchase decisions, red wines were the most highly rated in this attribute.

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Scarpato, Debora, Giacomo Rotondo, Mariarosaria Simeone, Andrés Gómez et Pilar Gutiérrez. « How can food companies attract the consumer concerned about food safety ? A logit model analysis in Spain ». British Food Journal 119, n^o 8 (7 août 2017) : 1705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2016-0616.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore food safety attitudes among a sample of Spanish consumers and determine which variables, among those studied, most affect the probability of the consumer being attentive to food safety. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted using a logit model. From the questionnaire 20 binary category variables were identified. Having selected the variable “Are you worried about safety food” as a dependent variable, the authors used binary logistic regression (Aldrich and Nelson, 1984; Borooah, 2002) to ascertain in what way the remaining 19 variables affect the likelihood of the consumer being particularly attentive to the healthiness and safety of food purchased. Findings The probability of the consumer being particularly attentive to food healthiness and safety, for the sample in question, is higher in consumers who stated that they were familiar with organic products, those who are attentive to fat contents in foods and those who value the presence of quality certification positively. Research limitations/implications Future research into Spanish consumers with the same methodology should target a larger sample in several Spanish cities. Originality/value This paper investigates not only Spanish consumer attitudes to food safety, but also how other variables can influence the probability of the consumer being concerned about food safety. This approach may be very useful for food companies to determine what strategies to adopt to attract the category of consumers who lend special importance to the food safety variable in their purchases.

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Ruiz Mafé, Carla, et Silvia Sanz Blas. « Teleshopping adoption by Spanish consumers ». Journal of Consumer Marketing 24, n^o 4 (3 juillet 2007) : 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363760710756020.

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Makarycheva, A. V., et E. V. Smirnova. « Wordplay in Spanish advertising discourse ». Linguistics & ; Polyglot Studies 8, n^o 4 (31 décembre 2022) : 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-4-33-177-188.

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The article comprehensively studies such a stylistic device as wordplay in advertising discourse on the example of the Spanish language. The main purpose of the study was to study the wordplay techniques in the Internet advertising banners, which in recent years have gained most popularity among potential consumers compared with other types of advertising, as well as to identify those that are most frequently used. The objectives of the study were to find, systematize and classify examples of wordplay, determine the frequency of their use, as well as their compatibility and reinforcement potential in conjunction with visual means. To achieve the goals set, a significant layer of Spanish-language advertising on the Internet was analyzed from both Spanish and Latin American sites; the most striking and illustrative examples were selected and classified, and ranked according to the frequency of their use. In many advertising banners on the Internet was revealed a reference to the cultural and social realities of Spanish-speaking countries, their national color, features, which allows one not only to better understand the realities of Spanish-speaking countries, but also the value orientations of local goods and services consumers. On the basis of the conducted research, it was found that the most striking and most commonly used wordplay techniques are dilogy and pun, whereas paronomasia, diaphora and folding word are less common. Quite rare in advertising are antimetaboles and acrostics, as well as palindrome, which is explained by their least expressiveness and attractiveness to the consumer. The material has proved that wordplay in the language of advertising is one of the key aspects in creating advertising texts on the Internet, since, in combination with visual means, this technique creates a strong emotional impact, draws the consumer's attention to the advertised product and contributes to its better implementation, which is the advertisers’ goal.

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Fernández-Ferrín, Pilar, Belén Bande, David Martín-Consuegra, Estrella Díaz et Elisabeth Kastenholz. « Sub-national consumer ethnocentrism and the importance of the origin of food products : an exploratory analysis ». British Food Journal 122, n^o 3 (14 février 2020) : 995–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-09-2019-0746.

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PurposeThis study's main objective is to analyse the role of the consumer's ethnocentrism as a potential segmentation basis and to detect product origin-sensitive groups. The relationship between the consumer's regional ethnocentrism, local and regional identity and corresponding valuation and purchase of food products from a region is also examined.Design/methodology/approachThe responses of 358 consumers residing in two Spanish regions are analysed by means of a mediation analysis and a cluster analysis.FindingsThe results suggest the convenience of considering ethnocentric consumer tendencies, also at the regional level, when studying attitudes, valuation, information search and effective purchase of foods of diverse categories and origins.Originality/valueThe main contributions of this work derive from the assessment of consumer ethnocentrism at a subnational level (which is much less present in the literature) and the evidence of its usefulness for segmenting the market and detecting groups of origin-sensitive consumers, which can be useful to companies that produce and market food products in different regions.

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Bernabéu, Rodolfo, et Mónica Díaz. « Preference for olive oil consumption in the Spanish local market ». Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 14, n^o 4 (2 décembre 2016) : e0108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2016144-10200.

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It is becoming ever more important for the olive oil industry in Spain to adopt a business strategy based on client orientation. In this sense, the objective of this paper is to identify the preferences of olive oil consumers and propose a series of business strategies for the producing sector. The methodology consisted in a survey of 404 olive oil consumers during the months of January and February 2013, whose preferences were determined through several multivariate techniques (conjoint analysis, consumer segmentation and a simulation of market share). The preferred olive oil is low priced, extra virgin and organic. The type of bottle does not appear to be relevant in the buying decision process, although it might be a factor in increasing market share. The current economic crisis has resulted in the emergence of two consumer segments; 67.1% of consumers selected the olive oil they buy on the basis of price and 32.9% were guided by the product’s specific attributes, which include, for example, organic production, which can be another differentiating element for producing companies.

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Martínez, Eva, et Teresa Montaner. « Characterisation of Spanish store brand consumers ». International Journal of Retail & ; Distribution Management 36, n^o 6 (9 mai 2008) : 477–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09590550810873947.

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Hart, Stephen M. « Call in Spanish the Consumers' View ». ReCALL 2, n^o 2 (mai 1990) : 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344000002354.

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In any language-teaching institution the teaching staff can legitimately be seen as consumers of the various teaching aids which are commercially available, ranging from the staple diet of books, set texts, secondary reading, to video material, slides, computer software, etc. Another way of interpreting the principle of consumership is that the students are the ultimate beneficiaries of the materials we use in our teaching. The extent to which our students benefit from our teaching is largely dependent on the materials that we have at our disposal. ‘Bad materials = bad teaching’ is a rather simplistic way of looking at this issue, but one which has a lot to commend itself in my view. Would we change our teaching methods if our students made constructive criticism? In a recent temporary teaching post I held as Visiting Associate Professor at the University of Kentucky, I was struck by the importance given across the board in the USA to official student surveys carried out by the college administration based on the professors' performance, the results of which can be crucial in the securement of tenure. The attitude in the UK (at least in the universities) is totally at odds with this particular sense of consumership, and one can imagine the degree of resistance that a plan to introduce a similar system of student assessment of lecturers might meet in this country, most obviously because students are not consumers in this country in quite the same sense that they are in the USA. Although the student assessment system itself clearly has its pitfalls there are some positive things to be gained from surveys of this kind, in that they can be very informative about student response to courses, teaching methods, etc., and can lead the way to improved teacher-student relations.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Spanish consumers"

Cánovas, Adrián, et Iranzu Ibañez. « THE CHANGES ON THE SPANISH CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AFTER THE FINACIAL CRISIS 2007 : Applied towards a switch to store branded products ». Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-18170.

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Title: The changes on the Spanish consumer behaviour after the financial crisis 2007. Applied towards a switch to store branded products. Authors: Adrián Cánovas Rosales and Iranzu Ibáñez Pérez Supervisor: Venilton Reinert Level: Bachelor in Business Administration, Marketing Key words: Consumers’ behaviour, financial crisis, leader brands, store brands, Spain, Spanish retailers… Purpose: The main research objective is to find out if there has been a change in Spanish consumer buying behaviour as a consequence of the current economic downturn. Method: The selected research method is an explorative research followed by descriptive one. Secondary data has been collected from books at Halmstad University’s Library and academic journals and other articles founded in the University’s Databases. Primary data has been obtained through a survey among middle class Spanish households. The selected research instrument is a questionnaire. Theoretical framework: We firstly define the consumer behaviour. Then, there is an explanation of the economic crisis focusing on the Spanish case. Finally, stores brands are defined. Conclusion: A summary of the findings obtained from our study are posted. Middle class Spanish households have reduced their consumption, becoming more rational and, consequently, switching to store brands. The limitations of the study as well as some suggestions for further researches are added in this section.

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Perez, Montesa Luis. « Online and Smartphone Consumer Behaviour of Spanish Millennials ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205808.

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Conducts a deep research of the online and smartphone consumer behaviour with a focus on the Spanish Millennials. The main goal of the thesis is to identify a different online and smartphone pattern among Millennials in Spain, compared to the general population. At the same time, obtaining valuable and insightful information about the Spanish Millennials consumer behaviour and trends is another goal of the thesis. This thesis aims to provide key findings on the topic, adding valuable knowledge, based on the current situation and behaviour of this segment of the Spanish population.

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Insagurbe, Gorka, et Jorge Castillo. « Spanish Wine in Sweden ». Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1257.

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ABSTRACT

The new century has provoked the liberalization of the world economy and market globalization. International marketing has opened the borders for all countries, which can compete with the same competitive tools, increasing the rivalry among them. This

thesis deals with the wine sector and the changes that this sector has suffered in previous years, due to the entrance of new producer countries and the recession that has been produced by European wines, called “Old World” producers.

In this study we will make an analysis of the Swedish wine market, describing how the different players act; from consumers to the special system of alcohol distribution that is controlled by the government, all the way to the producers and kinds of wine that

compose the market.

Among the different wine producers we will make a thorough study of the Spanish case, given that we come from Spain, where the wine industry has a special relevance. Furthermore, Spain is one of the most important wine exporters to Sweden, but in the last years it has suffered a small decrease in its market share.

So apart from studying the current situation of the wine sector in Sweden and how consumers perceive the wine of “Old World” countries, such as France, Italy and Spain and “New World” countries, such as Australia, Chile and South Africa, our main objective is to make some strategic recommendations in order to improve the situation

for Spanish wine.

The study will focus on a quantitative research through a self completion questionnaire, measuring the main features of wine (quality, price, nationality, etc.) and also on different theories that compose the marketing and strategic fields.

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Molas-Gallart, Jordi. « Military production and innovation : the Spanish case ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267635.

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In the eighties the Spanish Government launched an ambitious policy aimed at restructuring the militaryindustrial base. Central to it was a remarkable defence R&D effort. Government sources often argue for the military industry as an engine for the modernization of the Spanish industrial base. The object of this dissertation is to reach conclusions on the potential role of Spanish military production as a technological engine for the Spanish economy. This is done through an analysis of the structure of the Spanish military-related industry and its linkages with the rest of the economy. Up till the present most research on the role of military production has adopted too narrow a view focusing mainly on arms producers. This work presents an alternative way of conceptually focusing research of this nature. It expands the ambit of the study to examine all firms involved in military production from components to systems producers, no matter the degree of their involvement. In this way, we find that the strongest linkages with the rest of the industrial and research activities appear in the more "mature" sectors of the economy (mainly in the metal sector) and among producers of components and sub-systems. Consequently, more channels for technological diffusion from military to civilian production are found in these sectors. Yet, these areas have been found to be overlooked by and large by the present defence industrial policy which targets systems assemblers and the electronics, aerospace and software producers as the main recipients of research contracts and incentives. These results further question the conventional usage of implicitly treating defence production and technology as homogenous entities. Through our broad conceptual approach we obtain new insights into the linkages between military-rel~ted and civilian activities. The study reveals that the potent1al effects of military research and production on the rest of the economy depend on the specific sect~rs and,stages,of production targeted by the defence 1ndustr1al policy.

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Hartson, Mary T. « Masculinity in Spanish film from prohibition to commanded enjoyment / ». Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Martinez, Maria Angeles Garcia. « Study on innovation activities in the Spanish food and drink industry ». Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288070.

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Pradana, Mahir. « Spanish Muslims' halal food purchase intention ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670994.

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For centuries, halal is a spiritual concept that Muslims continue to follow in their daily lives, specifically when purchasing and consuming products. The Muslim community takes up a big part of the world population. The demand for halal food consumption is increasing rapidly in line with the expansion of the Muslim community with 2.1 billion Muslims worldwide. Halal food becomes a profitable business not only among the Muslim majority countries, but also in countries where the majority are non-muslims. Viewed from an Islamic perspective, the concept of halal is vital to a Muslim. Halal means "allowed" or "permitted" in Islam). Therefore, Muslims will look for products in accordance with accepted religious teachings. This is marked by the number of demands in the world for halal products that already have a Halal certification. Halal appeal displayed in a product becomes a distinctive attraction and identity from similar products that become competitors. This becomes one of the more explorable product marketing tools. Countries with Non-Muslims as their majority are also showing tremendous positive demand trends. With this, the demand for halal food is also noticeable. The demand for halal food consumption is increasing rapidly in line with the expansion of the Muslim community with 2.1 billion Muslims worldwide. The 'Halal' concept has become a new trend in the consumer goods industry, especially with food, and is gaining more popularity. The reason behind it being the fact that the halal concept is not just a purely religious issue, it is now also in the dynamic of business and trade. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that influence purchase intention of halal food among Spanish Muslim consumers. This study aims to tackle questions on the perception of Muslim consumers in Spain towards halal food, and the intention to purchase the halal products, we also take into account the moderating role of religious involvement. This study also observes the mediating role of the halal attitude towards halal" between "halal consciousness" and "purchase intention"; and the moderating role of "religious involvement" between " attitude towards halal" and "purchase intention". Last, this thesis also study the effect of “halal consumers’ attitude” as a moderating variable to measure both indirect and direct effects of some constructs on purchase intention. Data were obtained from a survey of Muslim consumers living in various religions of Spain, then analysed using the partial least squares (PLS) technique. The results showed that product awareness does not have an effect on purchase intention while other constructs do, including the mediating effect of consumers' attitude towards halal label and moderating effect of religious involvement. This study thus contributes to the advancement of knowledge on factors that motivate the purchase intention of halal food.

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Zervou, Fani. « Social insurance system of Greece : a comparison with British, American and Spanish social security systems ; and econometric model ». Thesis, City University London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264248.

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Hamilton, Joshua Bridgwater. « Resituating Desire, Rewriting Reading| Spanish Neo-Avant Garde Visual Poetry and the Critique of Mass Media and Consumer Capitalism ». Thesis, Indiana University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3587659.

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This dissertation examines the Spanish visual poetry of the 1960s and 1970s, which appeared during the later period of the Franco regime and responded to the rise of mass media and consumer capitalism. It draws on the theoretical work of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari to examine how this poetry created an oppositional practice that destabilized the conventional use of codes in media, art, and literature. It brings to light what I will explore as the "schizoid" character of their work and how it redefines the roles of reader, writer, and text in order to create an awareness that is critical and resistant to what the visual poets position as authoritative discourses, such as capitalism, consumerism, and the authoritarianism of the dictatorship. They see these discourses as subjugating the individual's thought through codes of language and image, and they go about subverting such discourses by destabilizing the language and image itself on which those discourses are built.

This study focuses on the representative works of three different writers, Quizás Brigitte Bardot venga a tomar una copa esta noche by Alfonso López Gradolí, La caída del avión en el terreno baldío by José Luis Castillejo, and Textos y antitextos by Fernando Millán. López Gradolí's book restructures the notion of desire as it is represented in capitalist narratives of lack, ultimately schizophrenizing desire as a displaced logic of lack and creating new, interpersonal codes that redefine desire as immanent connection. Castillejo's work deconstructs representation through open-ended texts that multiply possible reading strategies, thus grounding desire in the process of building new codes. Millán's book deconstructs representation into a figural narrative that redefines the reader's role from that of a passive consumer to that of an active schizoanalyst that co-creates poetic codes and schizophrenizes transcendental structures that govern language and image.

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Ponton-Nigaglioni, Nydia Ivelisse. « THE MATERIAL CULTURE OF SLAVERY : CONSUMER IDENTITY AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATION IN HACIENDA LA ESPERANZA, MANATÍ, PUERTO RICO ». Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/594505.

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Anthropology
Ph.D.
This dissertation focuses on the human experience during enslavement in nineteenth-century Puerto Rico, one of the last three localities to outlaw the institution of slavery in the Americas. It reviews the history of slavery and the plantation economy in the Caribbean and how the different European regimes regulated slavery in the region. It also provides a literature review on archaeological research carried out in plantation contexts throughout the Caribbean and their findings. The case study for this investigation was Hacienda La Esperanza, a nineteenth-century sugar plantation in the municipality of Manatí, on the north coast of the island. The history of the Manatí Region is also presented. La Esperanza housed one of the largest enslaved populations in Puerto Rico as documented by the slave census of 1870 which registered 152 slaves. The examination of the plantation was accomplished through the implementation of an interdisciplinary approach that combined archival research, field archaeology, anthropological interpretations of ‘material culture’, and geochemical analyses (phosphates, magnetic susceptibility, and organic matter content as determined by loss on ignition). Historical documents were referenced to obtain information on the inhabitants of the site as well as to learn how they handled the path to abolition. Archaeological fieldwork focused on controlled excavations on four different loci on the site. The assemblages recovered during three field seasons of archaeological excavations served to examine the material culture of the enslaved and to document some of their unwritten experiences. The study of the material culture of Hacienda La Esperanza was conducted through the application of John C. Barrett’s understanding of Anthony Giddens’ theory of structuration, Douglas Armstrong’s cultural transformation model, and Paul R. Mullins’ notions of consumerism and identity. Research results showed that the enslaved individuals of Hacienda La Esperanza were active yet highly restricted participants and consumers of the local market economy. Their limited market participation is evidence of their successful efforts to exert their agency and bypass the administration’s control. As such, this dissertation demonstrates that material life, even under enslavement, provides a record of agency and resistance. The discussion also addressed the topics of social stratification and identity.
Temple University--Theses

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Livres sur le sujet "Spanish consumers"

Verónica, Benet-Martínez, et Garolera Jordi, dir. Consumption symbols as carriers of culture : A study of Japanese, Spanish, and North American brand personality dimensions. Cambridge, MA : Marketing Science Institute, 2001.

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Cancela, José. The Power of Business en Espanol. New York : HarperCollins, 2008.

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The power of business en Español : 7 fundamental keys to unlocking the potential of the Spanish-language Hispanic market. New York : Rayo, 2007.

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Guía del consumidor 2010 : Proteja a su familia. Washington, DC : Administración de Servicios Generales de los EE. UU., Oficina de Servicios y Communicaciones para el Público, Centro Federal de Información para el Público, 2010.

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Llanos Matea, María de los., dir. An approximation to biases in the measurement of Spanish macroeconomic variables derived from product quality changes. [Madrid?] : Banco de España, Servicio de Estudios, 2001.

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Fuchs, Daniel. Verbraucherschutz in Spanien : Die Rechtslage nach dem Konsumentenschutzgesetz von 1984. Baden-Baden : Nomos, 1990.

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Cómo entender su informe de crédito : Cosas que usted necesita saber. Manassas, Va : MSP Holdings, 2006.

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Homann, Meike. Zielgruppe Jugend im Fokus der Werbung : Verbale und visuelle Kodierungsstrategien jugendgerichteter Anzeigenwerbung in England, Deutschland und Spanien. Hamburg : Kovač, 2006.

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Weis, Christian. Kaufrechtliche Gewährleistung und Garantievergabe in Deutschland und Spanien : Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Unternehmenskaufs. Frankfurt am Main : Lang, 2006.

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Marzetti, Roberto. Homeopatía : Teoría y práctica. Buenos Aires : Editorial El Ateneo, 2004.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Spanish consumers"

Stolz, Johannes, Horacio Molina Sánchez et Jesús Ramírez Sobrino. « Consumers’ Perception of Corporate Sustainable Activities : An Analysis of the German and the Spanish Consumer ». Dans Looking Forward, Looking Back : Drawing on the Past to Shape the Future of Marketing, 697–708. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24184-5_169.

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van Hooft, Andreu, Frank van Meurs et Ilse van Mierlo. « Bilingual Consumers’ Response to the Use of Catalan and Spanish in Advertising in Catalonia ». Dans European Advertising Academy, 177–89. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-24878-9_14.

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Riesgo, Silvia Blas. « The Consumption Side of Sustainable Fashion : Understanding the Attitude-Behavior Gap Among the Spanish Consumers ». Dans Fashion Communication in the Digital Age, 111–17. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15436-3_10.

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Gómez, Fernando, et Mireia Artigot. « Ex-Post Fairness Controls and Contract Design : The Spanish Experience ». Dans Consumer Law and Economics, 133–50. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49028-7_7.

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Gago Mariño, Manuel, Carlos Toural Bran et Moisés Limia Fernández. « Consumer-Oriented Business Models in Spanish Cybermedia ». Dans Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 203–9. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46068-0_26.

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Alonso Pérez, María Teresa, Francisco de Elizalde Ibarbia et Regina Garcimartín Montero. « An Interdisciplinary View of Enforcement and Effectiveness of Spanish Consumer Law ». Dans Enforcement and Effectiveness of Consumer Law, 591–612. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78431-1_25.

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Bou-Franch, Patricia, et Pilar Garcés-Conejos Blitvich. « Socioeconomic variation and conflict in Spanish retailer-consumer interactions on Facebook ». Dans Pragmatic Variation in Service Encounter Interactions across the Spanish-Speaking World, 189–206. New York, NY : Routledge, [2019] |Series : Routledge studies in hispanic and lusophone linguistics : Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351065382-11.

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Moreno-Sandoval, Luis G., Carolina Sánchez-Barriga, Katherine Espíndola Buitrago, Alexandra Pomares-Quimbaya et Juan Carlos Garcia. « Spanish Twitter Data Used as a Source of Information About Consumer Food Choice ». Dans Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 134–46. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99740-7_9.

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Gómez, David Luna. « The Effect of Spanish-English Bilingualism on Young Children’s Understanding of Consumer-Related Messages ». Dans Proceedings of the 1996 Multicultural Marketing Conference, 302. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17395-5_58.

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Palardy, Diana Q. « The Path to Voluntary Confinement : Dystopian Spaces of Consumerism in Ray Loriga’s Tokio ya no nos quiere ». Dans The Dystopian Imagination in Contemporary Spanish Literature and Film, 29–64. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92885-2_2.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Spanish consumers"

EIZAGUIRRE, ALMUDENA, MARÍA GARCÍA FEIJOO et JAIONE YÁBAR. « ONLINE ATMOSPHERICS : CLASSIFICATION AND COMPARISON BETWEEN BRITISH AND SPANISH CONSUMERS ». Dans Proceedings of the International Conference on ICMMS 2008. IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781848165106_0001.

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Navarro, Luis, Jesus Pastor, Ana Clara Pastor et Adrian Archanco. « Is Origin Denomination an Important Marketing Strategy ? The Case of Spanish Wine Industry ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00110.

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This investigation work consists on an analysis with the model European Customer Satisfaction Index (ECSI), in order to know the influence that has belonging to an Origin Denomination in the wine sector. So, we’ve made a marketing research directed to the particular case of Somontano’s Wine Origin Denomination which acts as an “umbrella” brand for many wineries of Aragón (Spain). Simultaneously these wineries have their wines under different brands. This study tries to find out if to belong to a DO benefits the wineries. Possibly “strong” wineries improve the image of Somontano’s DO and other wineries of the zone. Young wineries benefit themselves with the image old ones have earned. It brings us to a question about if DO Somontano and their customers satisfaction are related or not. Model ECSI allows us to determine consumers’ satisfaction aabout a certain product or service. It also demonstrates the relations existing between satisfaction and other factors that take part on purchase.

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Lopez, J. P., J. M. Menendez et J. P. Ballesteros. « Mobile application for syntax analysis in Spanish language oriented to secondary education ». Dans 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (ISCE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isce.2015.7177794.

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Intlekofer, Koji, Bert Bras et Mark Ferguson. « Reducing Product Energy Consumption With Leasing ». Dans ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87328.

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Consumer demand and government regulation have led to increasing energy efficiency among consumer products to reduce environmental impacts. Continual improvement of the use-phase energy consumption results in points where it is environmentally beneficial for the product to be replaced with the newest model. Life cycle optimization is used to determine the product life spans that minimize energy consumption. Unfortunately, optimal life spans are found to be significantly shorter than current replacement periods and consumer behavior. This paper introduces the concept of using leasing as a tool for manufacturers to regulate product life spans as well as provide frequent maintenance and upgrades to improve product performance. Leasing offers flexibility that can be used to control product flow with varying replacement intervals necessary to make manufacturing optimal. Because ownership is maintained by manufacturers who are responsible for the product at its end-of-life, remanufacturing becomes an appealing alternative to landfilling, and offers additional energy savings by avoiding significant manufacturing processes. When remanufacturing is combined with optimal life cycles, significant long-term energy savings can be realized. In this paper we reveal some basic trends that could lead to a larger, more detailed study of product replacement and efficiency gains with respect to leasing. Refrigerators, dish washers, clothes washers, and vehicles are used as case studies.

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Serra, Luis M., Miguel A. Lozano et Monica Carvalho. « Evaluation of Environmental Loads for the Synthesis of a Trigeneration System ». Dans ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90094.

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This paper details the calculation of the environmental loads associated with the construction of each piece of equipment (considering that the materials were not reused at the end of the equipment’s lifetime, which is the worst case scenario) and operation of a trigeneration system. The purpose of a trigeneration system is to meet the demands of a consumer center — in this case, a medium-sized hospital located in Zaragoza, Spain. The evaluation extended over a period of one year, considering previously specified energy service demands (electricity, heat - sanitary hot water and heating -, and cooling). The system interacted with the economic environment (market) through the purchase of natural gas and electricity from the grid, and also through the sale of autogenerated electricity to the grid, according to Spanish regulations. Therefore, the environmental loads regarding the operation of the system were associated with the consumption of natural gas and electricity purchased/sold from/to the grid. Technical information on each piece of equipment was obtained from catalogs and from consultation with manufacturers. Regarding natural gas, special care was taken to correctly identify the natural gas supplied to a user in Spain (it was considered that the gas comes from Algeria, transported in Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) carriers, including pipeline transportation to the user and controlled burning). The electricity supplied by the Spanish electric grid was also properly specified and characterized. The environmental loads were calculated utilizing SimaPro, a specialized Life Cycle Assessment tool, and then incorporated into a linear programming model, solved by LINGO optimization software. Environmental criteria were used to obtain the optimal configuration and operation of the system simultaneously.

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Yu, Feiyan, et Savas Yavuzkurt. « Simulation of Film Cooling Heat Transfer and Simulation Improvement With a Modified DES Turbulence Model ». Dans ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86887.

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Modeling the heat transfer characteristics of the highly turbulent flow in gas turbine film cooling is important for better engineering solutions to the film cooling system design. URANS, LES, DES and modified DES models capability in simulating film cooling with a density ratio of 2.0 and blowing ratio of 1.0 are studied in this work. Detailed comparisons of simulation results with experimental data regarding the near-field and far-fields are made. For near field predictions, DES gives decent prediction with a 21.4 % deviation of centerline effectiveness, while LES and URANS have deviation of 33.6% and 51.2% compared to the experimental data. Despite good predictions for near field, DES under predicts the spanwise spreading of counter rotating vortex pair and temperature field, therefore it over predicts the centerline effectiveness in the far field. To compensate for this shortcoming of DES, the eddy viscosity in the spanwise direction is increased to enhance spanwise-diffusion of the cooling jets. The modified DES prediction of overall centerline effectiveness deviates 12.4% from experimental data, while LES, unmodified DES and URANS predictions deviate 10.8%, 31.9% and 46.9%. The modified DES model has adequate predictions of vortices evolutions which URANS modeling lacks and consumes significant less computational time than LES. It can be said that the modified DES model results in satisfactory film cooling modeling with a moderate computational cost and time.

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Aagaah, Mohammad Rastgaar, Steve C. Southward et Mehdi Ahmadian. « Effect of the Actuators’ Location on Vibration Suppression Using Minimum Modal Energy Eigenstructure Assignment ». Dans ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34962.

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A new Eigenstructure Assignment (ESA) method for vibration confinement of flexible structures has been developed. This method is based on finding an output feedback control gain matrix in such a way that the closed-loop eigenvectors are orthogonal to the open-loop ones. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is used for finding the matrix that spans the null space of the closed-loop eigenvectors. It is shown that this matrix has a unique property that can be used to regenerate the open-loop system. This method finds a coefficient vector which leads to a zero gain matrix while several coefficient vectors can be found simultaneously which are orthogonal to the open-loop coefficient vector. As a result, the closed-loop eigenvectors are orthogonal to the open-loop ones. It is shown that the modal energy of the closed loop system is reduced. Moreover, the proposed method needs neither to specify the closed-loop eigenvalues nor to define a desired set of eigenvectors. Also it is shown that if the maximum force of the actuators and the consumed energy of the actuators need to be low, actuators have to be relatively close to input. If the amplitude of vibration in isolated area has to be minimized as much as possible, the actuators need to be relatively closer to isolated area. Also the algorithm of the minimum eigenstructure assignment method has been modified to eliminate the effect of the actuators that are located on the nodes of different vibrational modes.

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Metka, Matthew. « Flow Control on the Ahmed Body Vehicle Model Using Fluidic Oscillators ». Dans ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-67343.

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Aerodynamic drag accounts for a sizable portion of transportation energy consumption. Transportation of goods and people always involves moving objects through air, which leads to a force opposing motion. This force can account for more than 60% of power consumed by a ground vehicle, such as a car or truck, at highway speeds. There is a wide range of drag coefficient seen on ground vehicles with a strong correlation to vehicle shape. The shape of the vehicle is often determined by functional necessity or aesthetics, which places a limit on vehicle aerodynamic improvements. It is desirable to increase the aerodynamic performance of a vehicle with little penalty to these design considerations, which leads to the investigation of active flow control methods. Active flow control methods can involve a type of air jet at critical locations on the vehicle shell and require little to no shape modification. The focus of this experimental study is drag reduction on an Ahmed body vehicle analogue using a variety of configurations involving fluidic oscillators to promote attachment and reduce wake size. A fluidic oscillator is a simple device that converts a steady pressure input into a spatially oscillating jet. This type of actuator may be more efficient at influencing the surrounding flow than a steady jet. The model was tested in the OSU subsonic wind tunnel. Changes in drag were measured using a load cell mounted within the vehicle model. Different flow visualization methods were used to characterize the flow structure changes behind the model. A 7% drag decrease was realized with the 25° spanwise oscillator array configuration, attributed to the reduction of the closed recirculation bubble size. Testing showed that attachment is promoted on high angle configurations with a Coanda surface and steady blowing however this led to a drag increase, possibly due to the formation of longitudinal vortices. This indicates that future methods may require vortex control in conjunction with separation control to achieve a net base pressure increase on the high angle configurations.

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West, Jennifer L. « Near Infrared Absorbing Nanoparticles for Photothermal Cancer Therapy ». Dans ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192982.

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Advances in nanotechnology are expected to lead to the development of new and improved therapeutic strategies, amenable to targeting, that may ultimately revolutionize cancer treatment. For example, we have developed a nanoparticle-based photothermal cancer therapy that has shown high efficacy with virtually no damage to normal tissues (Hirsch et al., 2003, O’Neal et al., 2004, Lowery et al., 2006). This therapeutic strategy employs nanoparticles called nanoshells that are designed to strongly absorb near infrared (NIR) light. Metal nanoshells are a new type of nanoparticle composed of a dielectric (for instance, silica) core coated with an ultrathin metallic (for instance, gold) layer. Gold nanoshells possess physical properties similar to gold colloid, in particular, a strong optical absorption due to the collective electronic response of the metal to light. The optical absorption of gold colloid yields a brilliant red color that has been of considerable utility in consumer-related medical products, such as home pregnancy tests. In contrast, the optical response of gold nanoshells depends dramatically on the relative size of the nanoparticle core and the thickness of the gold shell. By varying the relative core and shell thicknesses, the color of gold nanoshells can be varied across a broad range of the optical spectrum that spans the visible and the near infrared spectral regions (Oldenburg et al., 1999). Gold nanoshells can be made to either preferentially absorb or scatter light at their plasmon resonance by varying the size of the particle relative to the wavelength of the light at their optical resonance. For cancer therapy, nanoshells are injected intravenously and allowed to accumulate in tumor sites due to the leakiness of the vasculature (EPR) and/or molecular targeting. Accumulation in the tumor sites peaks after several hours, at which time the tissue region is illuminated with NIR light for several minutes. NIR light is not absorbed to a significant extent by tissue components, but is strongly absorbed by nanoshells within the tumor. This leads to rapid heating of the tumor tissue without damage to adjacent normal tissues. In preliminary studies, complete tumor regression and 100% survival with no regrowth has been achieved. Mice with CT26 colon carcinoma tumors (4 mm diameter) were injected intravenously with NIR absorbing nanoshells that were coated with PEG-SH. 6 hr following nanoshell injection, the tumor sites were illuminated with light from a 820 nm diode laser (4 W/cm2) for 4 min. Animals in a sham group received a saline injection instead of nanoshells prior to NIR treatment, while a control group was untreated. Tumor size and animal survival were then tracked. As shown in Figure 1, all tumors treated with nanoshells had completely regressed within 10 days of treatment, while sham and control tumors had grown dramatically. Furthermore, all sham and control animals died within 20 days of treatment, while all nanoshell-treated mice continue to live (+12 months) with no tumor regrowth (Figure 2, O’Neal et al., 2004). Excellent nanoshell biocompatibility has been observed.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Spanish consumers"

Hidalgo Pérez, Manuel, Natalia Collado Van-Baumberghen, Jorge Galindo et Ramon Mateo Escobar. The effects of the Spanish gas cap on prices, inflation, and consumption six months later. Esade, février 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56269/20230202/mhp.

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The most prominent measure to moderate the escalation of electricity prices during 2022 has been the gas cap implemented exceptionally in Spain and Portugal. We present here the most accurate, rigorous and updated estimate of the effects of this measure on the regulated electricity tariff, known as the "Precio de Venta del Pequeño Consumidor (PVPC), which directly replicates the wholesale market price. To do so, we update the data we presented in September until the end of December 2022, comparing the real evolution of this tariff with a statistical model that draws the same line but in an alternative world in which the gas cap is not applied. After six months, the electricity bill at the regulated tariff in Spain is 32% cheaper than it would be in a world without the Iberian exceptionality: according to our estimate, the resulting saving for the whole of 2022 was around €209 per consumer. Moreover, inflation in 2022 would have been 0.3 points higher without a gas cap: 8.7%, instead of the 8.4% observed. In other words: half of Spain's better situation compared to the Eurozone can be attributed to this measure. On the negative side, the higher consumption of gas for electricity generation continues and the lower price of Spanish electricity, which would have facilitated the increase in exports to France with the consequent risk of subsidization in favor of French consumers at the expense of Spanish consumers.

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Ganics, Gergely, et María Rodríguez-Moreno. A house price-at-risk model to monitor the downside risk for the Spanish housing market. Madrid : Banco de España, janvier 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29472.

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We present a house price-at-risk (HaR) model that fits the historical developments in the Spanish housing market. By means of quantile regressions we show that a model including quarterly house price growth, a misalignment measure and a consumer confidence index is able to accurately forecast the developments in the Spanish housing market up to two years ahead. We also show how the HaR model can be used to monitor the downside risk.

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Mendoza, Waldo, Marco Vega, Carlos Rojas et Yuliño Anastacio. Fiscal Rules and Public Investment : The Case of Peru, 2000-2019. Inter-American Development Bank, janvier 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003018.

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This article has three goals. First, it describes the genesis of fiscal rules in Peru and its degree of compliance. Second, it estimates the effect of fiscal rules adoption on public investment. Last, it analyzes the impact of alternative fiscal rules on public investment and public debt sustainability. Our main results are as follows. First, the implementation of fiscal rules in the year 2000 caused a 60 to 80 percent fall in public investment relative to several counterfactuals. Second, our DSGE model suggests a Structural Fiscal Rule would have increased the consumers welfare in the period 2000-2019 more than other fiscal designs. This rule reduces the procyclicality of public investment under commodity price shocks and macroeconomic volatility under world interest rate shocks. Third, a Structural Fiscal Rule has the lowest probability of exceeding the current public debt limit (30 percent of GDP), although there is a trade-off between investment-friendly rules and fiscal sustainability issues. Nevertheless, our quantitative results are limited to short spans of analysis. With a long-run perspective, we may say that fiscal rulesdespite constant modifications and recurring non-compliancehave fulfilled their original and most important goal of achieving the consolidation of public finances.

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Boyle, Maxwell, et Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve : 2019 data summary—Version 2.0. National Park Service, février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2290196.

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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted on 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort on four SECN parks, including Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve (TIMU). A total of 23 vegetation plots were established in the park in May and June. Data collected in each plot include species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches (in)]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve in 2019. Data were stratified across three dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands, Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands) and three land parcels (Cedar Point, Theodore Roosevelt, and Thomas Creek). Noteworthy findings include: A total of 157 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 23 vegetation plots, including nine species not previously known from the park. Three plots were located in the footprint of the Yellow Bluff Fire, and were sampled only two weeks following the fire event. Muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia), cat greenbrier (Smilax glauca), water oak (Quercus nigra), and swamp tupelo (Nyssa biflora) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetland habitat; saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), and gallberry (Ilex glabra) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Open Upland and Woodland habitat; and Darlington oak (Quercus hemisphaerica), Spanish moss (Tillandsia usenoides), and red bay (Persea borbonia) were the most frequently encountered species in Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. There were no exotic species of the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council list of invasive plants (FLEPPC 2020) observed on any of these plots. Both red bay and swamp bay (Persea palustris) were largely absent from the tree stratum in these plots; however, they were present (occasionally in high abundance) in the seedling and sapling strata across all habitat types. Buckthorn bully (Sideroxylon lycioides)—listed as Endangered in the state of Florida by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS 2020)—was observed in three Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots. The tree strata in each broadly defined habitat were dominated by the following species: Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands-loblolly bay (Gordonia lasianthus) Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands-longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands-oaks (Quercus sp.) Most stems within the tree strata exhibited healthy vigor and only moderate dieback across all habitat types. However, there was a large amount of standing dead trees in plots within Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Downed woody biomass (fuel loads) were highest in the Cedar Point and Thomas Creek land parcels.

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