Articles de revues : « Space-time-conflict »

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Weidmann, Nils B., et Michael D. Ward. « Predicting Conflict in Space and Time ». Journal of Conflict Resolution 54, n^o 6 (22 juillet 2010) : 883–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002710371669.

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Akinci, Burcu, Martin Fischen, Raymond Levitt et Robert Carlson. « Formalization and Automation of Time-Space Conflict Analysis ». Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 16, n^o 2 (avril 2002) : 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3801(2002)16:2(124).

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Kim, Young-Hoon, et Suk-Chul Rim. « The Train Conflict Resolution Model Using Time-space Network ». Journal of the Korean society for railway 18, n^o 6 (31 décembre 2015) : 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7782/jksr.2015.18.6.619.

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Li, Chong, et Yanyan Huang. « Detection method of space-time conflict for multi route planning ». MATEC Web of Conferences 336 (2021) : 07008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133607008.

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In order to solve the problem of space-time conflict in multi route planning, this paper proposes a space-time conflict detection method based on bounding box. The main research contents include: dividing each route into a limited number of road sections, each road section uses a bounding box to represent the space occupied by the target in the period of time, and then using OBB collision detection method to judge whether there is different bounding box overlap in the same space at the same period of time, so as to judge whether there is a space-time conflict. In addition, calculating the distance among road sections to exclude road sections where conflicts are unlikely to occur before detection. The feasibility of the conflict detection method is verified by experiments on a multi route planning case.

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Engel, David M. « Litigation across Space and Time : Courts, Conflict, and Social Change ». Law & ; Society Review 24, n^o 2 (1990) : 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3053682.

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Malakhovskii, Aleksei Kimovich, et Nabkhan Durgam. « Peculiarities of the Syrian media space in the time of armed conflict ». Litera, n^o 9 (septembre 2021) : 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.9.36417.

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The subject of this research is the Syrian mass media at the current stage. The object is the Syrian media space in the time of armed conflict (2011 – to the present). The goal lies in determining the peculiarities of functionality of the Syrian media during the armed conflict. The authors traces the path of establishment of the Syrian modern mass media system, to examines its peculiarities prior to the conflict and at the time of its escalation, examines the key groups of mass media that became parties to the conflict. Such aspect as the fragmentation of the Syrian media space by military-political grounds is discussed. The conclusion is made that throughout several decades of the rule of the Ba'ath Party under the leadership of Hafez al-Assad, the country has established the single-party system of control over mass media; slow transformations have been noticed after his son Bashar al-Assad came to power. The armed conflict that began in 2011 divided the country and its media space into three areas: governmental, oppositional, and Kurdish. It is extremely difficult to overcome such fragmentation of media space with its versatile narrative and agendas in the conditions of protracted armed conflict.

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Bahr, Howard M., Colter Mitchell, Xiaomin Li, Alison Walker et Kristen Sucher. « Trends in Family Space/Time, Conflict, and Solidarity : Middletown 1924–1999 ». City & ; Community 3, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2003) : 263–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-6841.2004.00081.x.

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This article treats aspects of family life for which there are comparable data from students at three or more points over the 75‐year period 1924–1999, beginning with the 1924 Middletown high school surveys and drawing on the replications of 1977, 1989, and 1999. We reassess the Lynds' positioning of families in a trajectory of space and time that emphasized family decentering or dis‐integration, and that assumed that technological changes extending a family's circulation in time and space reduced family solidarity. Although national data suggest that some family decline has indeed occurred since the 1970s, among Middletown students last surveyed in 1999 there is quite remarkable stability in several of the Lynds' indicators. Trends in topics of parent‐child disagreement and students' perceptions of ideal parental traits suggest that family change does not necessarily mean family decline, and trends in emotional solidarity with parents, beginning in 1977, yield no evidence of decline. The Lynds assumed a linear, additive relation between family decline and nonfamily space/time utilization. We argue that their space/time indicators are problematic as correlates of family solidarity and suggest alternative measures. Students of 1999 reported spending less time with parents than did their predecessors, but their identification with and perceived closeness to parents was not lower than in earlier decades. At century's end, Middletown students seemed insulated from the widely reported national trend toward “rapidly loosening family bonds,” and continuity rather than family decline seemed the dominant trend. As parental time with children is significantly related to, but accounts for little of the variance in, children's emotional solidarity with parents, further work is needed on predictors of emotional solidarity in families.

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Chen, Guanzhi, et Yuhan Chen. « A Fast Route Conflict Detection Method based on Space Box ». Frontiers in Science and Engineering 2, n^o 7 (3 août 2022) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fse.v2i7.1399.

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Routes Conflict detection is of great importance to air traffic control. Due to previous route conflict detection algorithm has a large number of computations, high time complexity and low reliability. This paper proposes a fast route conflict detection method based on the space box. Firstly, the space to be detected is divided into several space boxes, and the space box numbers of the track in the airspace are calculated according to the track coordinates. Secondly, in the case that multiple batches of tracks exist in the same space box, the location of the tracks is predicted according to the current track parameters. If the distance between the tracks gradually decreases, it is judged that the tracks have conflict risk and an alarm is required. The simulation results show that the algorithm has low time complexity, and high efficiency, and is suitable for parallel processing and large-scale route conflict detection, which has high application value.

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Zhou, Hao, Yong Chen et Ruoying Tian. « Land-Use Conflict Identification from the Perspective of Construction Space Expansion : An Evaluation Method Based on ‘Likelihood-Exposure-Consequence’ ». ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, n^o 7 (24 juin 2021) : 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070433.

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Land-use conflict (LUC) is a major problem of land management in the context of rapid urbanization. Conflict identification plays an important role in the development and protection of land space. Considering the possibility of, exposure to, and negative impacts of LUC, we explore the probability of land-use cover change (LUCC), policy constraints, and ecosystem service value (ESV) and build a conflict identification model based on the LEC concept of risk assessment. Taking Daye City as an example, we classify the conflict intensity and delimit the key conflict areas. At the same time, a composite classification system is constructed to analyze the spatial characteristics and internal mechanism of conflict. We find that the conflict between construction and ecological space is the main conflict in Daye City (P.R. China), which is widely distributed. However, the conflict between construction and agricultural space, which is mainly distributed near the center of Daye City, cannot be ignored.

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Dashti, Mohammad Saleh, Mohammad RezaZadeh, Mostafa Khanzadi et Hosein Taghaddos. « Integrated BIM-based simulation for automated time-space conflict management in construction projects ». Automation in Construction 132 (décembre 2021) : 103957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103957.

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Cassin, Barbara. « Time of Deliberation and Space of Power : Athens and Rome, The First Conflict ». Javnost - The Public 12, n^o 4 (janvier 2005) : 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2005.11008900.

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Mirzaei, Ali, Farnad Nasirzadeh, Majid Parchami Jalal et Yasin Zamani. « 4D-BIM Dynamic Time–Space Conflict Detection and Quantification System for Building Construction Projects ». Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 144, n^o 7 (juillet 2018) : 04018056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001504.

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Jover, Jesús, Aurelio Bermúdez et Rafael Casado. « A Tactical Conflict Resolution Proposal for U-Space Zu Airspace Volumes ». Sensors 21, n^o 16 (22 août 2021) : 5649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165649.

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Conflict management between UAVs is one of the key aspects in developing future urban aerial mobility (UAM) spaces, such as the one proposed in U-Space. In the framework of tactical conflict management, i.e., with the UAVs in flight, this paper presents PCAN (Prediction-based Conflict-free Adaptive Navigation). This relatively simple navigation technique predicts the occurrence of the conflict and avoids it by modifying the velocity vector of the UAVs involved. The performance evaluation carried out demonstrates its effectiveness compared to similar techniques, even in high-density scenarios, while proving a low overhead in flight time or in the distance traveled by the UAVs to reach their destinations.

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Grasso, Kenneth L. « The Real Western War of Religion ». Catholic Social Science Review 25 (2020) : 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/cssr20202524.

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Steven D. Smith’s Pagans and Christians in the City takes its place alongside James Davison Hunter’s Culture Wars as one of the two truly indispensable books on today’s Culture Wars. It advances our understanding of today’s conflict by situating it historically and focusing our attention on its religious dimension. Smith argues that today’s conflict is the latest episode in a longstanding conflict between immanent forms of religiosity which locate the sacred in the world of space and time, and transcendent forms of religiosity which locate the divine beyond space and time. As compelling as it is, the volume’s argument would have been strengthened by a more sustained treatment of the nature of the political community and the essential role played within it by the truths held in common by the members concerning God, man, nature, and history.

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Guo, Sy-Jye. « Integrating CAD and schedule for identification and resolution of work space conflicts between subcontractors ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 28, n^o 5 (1 octobre 2001) : 759–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l01-032.

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Numerous workers, equipment, material, temporary facilities, and permanent structures share the limited space during construction. Since space constraints may affect productivity and the critical path, it is essential to organize the available space efficiently and minimize space conflicts. This study considers space availability due to time and scheduling, productivity loss due to space constraints and path interference, as well as the possibility of alternative space to resolve these conflicts and optimize space usage. Herein CAD is integrated with scheduling software for dynamic identification of space conflicts on the job site. Follow-up supplemental decision criteria are then provided for conflict analysis and resolution. A prototype decision support system, which combines the criteria, was developed to solve this significant and complex problem more efficiently and precisely. A case study demonstrates the use and development of this system, which is very helpful to engineers and project management.Key words: space, conflict, resolution, CAD, schedule.

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Wagner, Aidan, Rishi Veerapaneni et Maxim Likhachev. « Minimizing Coordination in Multi-Agent Path Finding with Dynamic Execution ». Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 18, n^o 1 (11 octobre 2022) : 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v18i1.21948.

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Multi-agent Path Finding (MAPF) is an important problem in large games with many dynamic agents that need to follow space-time trajectories without inter-agent collisions. Modern MAPF solvers plan assuming that agents directly follow the space-time trajectories at known constant speeds without delays or speedups, resulting in rigid plans which need to be replanned if there are changes during execution. Instead we would like agents to be able to follow their computed paths with dynamic velocities while requiring minimal coordination with others to prevent collisions and deadlocks. One way to address this problem is to first produce collision free space-time paths and then compute a coordination controller that prevents collisions and deadlock during dynamic execution. This two step process prevents fully minimizing coordination as the initially planned space-time paths do not reason about coordination and can be arbitrarily bad. We introduce a novel paradigm and show how planning in space-coordination level, rather than space-time, allows us to simultaneously plan paths and a coordination controller. Our method, Space-Level Conflict-Based Search (SL-CBS), builds on the Conflict-Based Search framework and allows us to reason explicitly about coordination, producing paths as well as a coordination controller with bounded suboptimal minimal coordination. We show experimentally that this results in a 20-50% reduction in coordination compared to the closest state of the art solver.

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Tang, Jun, et Wenyuan Yang. « A Causal Model for Safety Assessment Purposes in Opening the Low-Altitude Urban Airspace of Chinese Pilot Cities ». Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (10 octobre 2018) : 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5042961.

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China has been gradually relaxing its ban on the use of low-altitude airspace across the country. To guarantee the high reliability of air traffic management (ATM), conflict detection and conflict resolution (CDR) approaches are indispensable to maintain safe separation between neighbouring small fixed-wing aircraft. In this study, we analyse a temporal and spatial integrated strategy for safety assessment purposes in opening the low-altitude urban airspace of Chinese pilot cities. First, we present a detailed mathematical description of the proposed algorithms based on a spatial grid partitioning system (SGPS). For our system, a conflict detection (CD) algorithm is designed to determine if two trajectories pass through the same grid space within overlapping time windows. A conflict resolution (CR) algorithm integrates a proposed time scheduling-based technique (TST) and vertical change-based technique (VCT), which operate under predetermined basic principles. Then, based on our novel CDR algorithms, a causal model is constructed in graphical modelling and analysis software (GMAS) to generate a state space that can provide a global perspective on scenario dynamics and better understanding of induced conflict occurrences. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach is practical and efficient.

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Nagayama, Michi. « Y. Kito, Conflict between Time and Space : Reconsideration of the Late Tillich's Thoughts ». Theological Studies in Japan 58 (25 septembre 2019) : 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5873/nihonnoshingaku.58.132.

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Laffan, Shawn William, Andrew K. Skidmore et Janet Franklin. « Space, time, connectivity and conflict in biological landscapes : the fourth special issue on spatial ecology ». International Journal of Geographical Information Science 30, n^o 1 (novembre 2015) : 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1090001.

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Shellman, Stephen M. « Coding Disaggregated Intrastate Conflict : Machine Processing the Behavior of Substate Actors Over Time and Space ». Political Analysis 16, n^o 4 (2008) : 464–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpn008.

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This article describes a new machine-coded event data set specifically designed to study the spatially, temporally, and tactically disaggregated actions of multiple state and nonstate actors in a systematic fashion. The project develops an extensive set of dictionaries for multiple actors and employs a new coding scheme to organize information on such actors and their behavior. The author describes the machine content-analysis methods used to collect the data and the newly developed coding scheme.

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De Dreu, Carsten K. W., Esther S. Kluwer, Martin S. Euwema et Gerben S. Van der Vegt. « Conflict and Culture Across Time and Space : Work and Legacy of Evert van de Vliert ». Negotiation and Conflict Management Research 10, n^o 2 (25 avril 2017) : 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ncmr.12092.

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ANANDAN, JEEVA. « NON-LOCALITY OF QUANTUM MECHANICS AND THE LOCALITY OF GENERAL RELATIVITY ». Modern Physics Letters A 17, n^o 15n17 (7 juin 2002) : 1097–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732302007661.

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The conflict between the locality of general relativity, reflected in its space-time description, and the non-locality of quantum mechanics, contained in its Hilbert space description, is discussed. Gauge covariant non-local observables that depend on gauge fields and gravity as well as the wave function are used in order to try to understand and minimize this conflict within the frame-work of these two theories. Applications are made to the Aharonov-Bohm effect and its generalizations to non Abelian gauge fields and gravity.

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Mahmoud Abdullah, Dr Ekhlas. « Conflict in Al-Ozla wa Qaryniha (Isolation and its Peer) poem by Fawzi Kareem poet – Textual Study ». ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 227, n^o 1 (1 décembre 2018) : 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v227i1.694.

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The paper entitled "Conflict in Al-Ozla wa Qaryniha (Isolation and its Peer) poem by Fawzi Kareem poet – Textual Study" consists of a textual study of the poem and investigates conflict topic which represents its cornerstone. The poem is based on the conflict between two matters and that of the conflict as well. The paper attends to three issues: Conflict between stability and change: The stability of isolation and change of death. Change happens in the man, animal and space-time domain. Conflict connotation within the poem: How is conflict semantically formed in the poem stanza? Conflict between the connotation of separation and that of coherence: Coherence appears in reference to pronouns, additives and lexical coherence

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Yao, Jiyu, et Longhui Gang. « Ship Collaborative Path Planning Method Based on CS-STHA ». Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, n^o 10 (16 octobre 2022) : 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101504.

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Ship path planning is one of the key technologies for ship automation. Establishing a cooperative collision avoidance (CA) path for multi-ship encounters is of great value to maritime intelligent transportation. This study aims to solve the problem of multi-ship collaborative collision avoidance based on the algorithm of Conflict Search (CS) and Space-Time Hybrid A-star (STHA). First, a static CA path is searched for each ship by using the space-time Hybrid A-star algorithm, and the conflict risk area is determined according to the ship safety distance constraint and fuzzy Collision Risk Index (CRI). Secondly, the space-time conflict constraint is introduced into the multi-ship cooperative CA scheme, and the binary tree is used to search for an optimal navigation path with no conflict and low cost. In addition, the optimal path is smoothed by using cubic interpolation to make the path consistent with actual navigation practice and ship maneuvering characteristics. Finally, considering the constraints of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), the typical two-ship and multi-ship encounter scenarios are designed and simulated to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of actual encounters and encounters based on CS-STHA is also carried out. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm in the study can obtain an optimal CA path effectively and provide a reference of CA decision-making for autonomous ships.

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BAUDAINS, P., H. M. FRY, T. P. DAVIES, A. G. WILSON et S. R. BISHOP. « A dynamic spatial model of conflict escalation ». European Journal of Applied Mathematics 27, n^o 3 (5 novembre 2015) : 530–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792515000558.

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In both historical and modern conflicts, space plays a critical role in how interactions occur over time. Despite its importance, the spatial distribution of adversaries has often been neglected in mathematical models of conflict. In this paper, we propose an entropy-maximising spatial interaction method for disaggregating the impact of space, employing a general notion of ‘threat’ between two adversaries. This approach addresses a number of limitations that are associated with partial differential equation approaches to spatial disaggregation. We use this method to spatially disaggregate the Richardson model of conflict escalation, and then explore the resulting model with both analytical and numerical treatments. A bifurcation is identified that dramatically influences the resulting spatial distribution of conflict and is shown to persist under a range of model specifications. Implications of this finding for real-world conflicts are discussed.

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HUANG, XIN-BING. « NEW GEOMETRIC FORMALISM FOR GRAVITY EQUATION IN EMPTY SPACE ». International Journal of Modern Physics D 14, n^o 06 (juin 2005) : 1009–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271805006572.

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In this paper, a complex daor field which can be regarded as the square root of space–time metric is proposed to represent gravity. The locally complexified geometry is set up, and the complex spin connection constructs a bridge between gravity and SU(1, 3) gauge field. Daor field equations in empty space are acquired, which are one-order differential equations and do not conflict with Einstein's gravity theory.

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Surynek, Pavel. « Multi-Agent Path Finding with Continuous Time and Geometric Agents Viewed through Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) ». Proceedings of the International Symposium on Combinatorial Search 10, n^o 1 (1 septembre 2021) : 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/socs.v10i1.18490.

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This paper addresses a variant of multi-agent path finding (MAPF) in continuous space and time. We present a new solving approach based on satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) to obtain makespan optimal solutions. The standard MAPF is a task of navigating agents in an undirected graph from given starting vertices to given goal vertices so that agents do not collide with each other in vertices of the graph. In the continuous version (MAPF-R) agents move in an n-dimensional Euclidean space along straight lines that interconnect predefined positions. For simplicity, we work with circular omni-directional agents having constant velocities in the 2D plane. As agents can have different sizes and move smoothly along lines, a non-colliding movement along certain lines with small agents can result in a collision if the same movement is performed with larger agents. Our SMT-based approach for MAPF-R called SMT-CBS-R reformulates the Conflict-based Search (CBS) algorithm in terms of SMT concepts. We suggest lazy generation of decision variables and constraints. Each time a new conflict is discovered, the underlying encoding is extended with new variables and constraints to eliminate the conflict. We compared SMT-CBS-R and adaptations of CBS for the continuous variant of MAPF experimentally.

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Pasikov, V. L. « DIFFERENCE-DIFFERENCIAL GAME OF APPROACH AND EVASION IN HILBERT SPACE, I ». Vestnik of Samara University. Natural Science Series 19, n^o 3 (1 juin 2017) : 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7525-2013-19-3-33-41.

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In this paper the dynamic guidance-to-the-functional set game for conflict controlled differential system with time delay is studied. Fulfillment of conditions of saddle point relative to the right side of the system is not supposed to be. The proof is based on Hilbert space norm.

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Dürr, Detlef, Sheldon Goldstein, Travis Norsen, Ward Struyve et Nino Zanghì. « Can Bohmian mechanics be made relativistic ? » Proceedings of the Royal Society A : Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 470, n^o 2162 (8 février 2014) : 20130699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0699.

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In relativistic space–time, Bohmian theories can be formulated by introducing a privileged foliation of space–time. The introduction of such a foliation—as extra absolute space–time structure—would seem to imply a clear violation of Lorentz invariance, and thus a conflict with fundamental relativity. Here, we consider the possibility that, instead of positing it as extra structure, the required foliation could be covariantly determined by the wave function. We argue that this allows for the formulation of Bohmian theories that seem to qualify as fundamentally Lorentz invariant. We conclude with some discussion of whether or not they might also qualify as fundamentally relativistic.

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Cecen, R. K., et C. Cetek. « Conflict-free en-route operations with horizontal resolution manoeuvers using a heuristic algorithm ». Aeronautical Journal 124, n^o 1275 (31 janvier 2020) : 767–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2020.5.

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ABSTRACTAircraft conflict resolution is an important part of air traffic control operations. This study presents a mixed integer linear programming model (MILP) using a space discretisation technique to deal with aircraft conflict resolutions in en-route flight operations. The purpose of space discretisation is to concentrate on only the significant points of the airspace. The model integrates the multi entry point approach with an airspeed adjustment technique in the horizontal plane. The model aims to generate conflict-free trajectories while minimising the total changes in entry points and airspeed values. A new heuristic algorithm was developed due to the complexity of the problem. The computational results demonstrated that the proposed approach resolved aircraft conflicts for 450 different traffic scenarios in less than a minute. Considerable fuel savings were achieved with no significant increase in delay or flight time compared to conventional vectoring techniques in a fixed entry point airspace structure.

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Li, Lei, Minghe Xue, Zan Zhang, Huanhuan Chen et Xindong Wu. « Certainty-based Preference Completion ». Data Intelligence 4, n^o 1 (2022) : 112–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00115.

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Abstract As from time to time it is impractical to ask agents to provide linear orders over all alternatives, for these partial rankings it is necessary to conduct preference completion. Specifically, the personalized preference of each agent over all the alternatives can be estimated with partial rankings from neighboring agents over subsets of alternatives. However, since the agents' rankings are nondeterministic, where they may provide rankings with noise, it is necessary and important to conduct the certainty-based preference completion. Hence, in this paper firstly, for alternative pairs with the obtained ranking set, a bijection has been built from the ranking space to the preference space, and the certainty and conflict of alternative pairs have been evaluated with a well-built statistical measurement Probability-Certainty Density Function on subjective probability, respectively. Then, a certainty-based voting algorithm based on certainty and conflict has been taken to conduct the certainty-based preference completion. Moreover, the properties of the proposed certainty and conflict have been studied empirically, and the proposed approach on certainty-based preference completion for partial rankings has been experimentally validated compared to state-of-arts approaches with several datasets.

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Waegell, Mordecai. « Local Quantum Theory with Fluids in Space-Time ». Quantum Reports 5, n^o 1 (21 février 2023) : 156–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quantum5010011.

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In 1948, Schwinger developed a local Lorentz-covariant formulation of relativistic quantum electrodynamics in space-time which is fundamentally inconsistent with any delocalized interpretation of quantum mechanics. An interpretation compatible with Schwinger’s theory is presented, which reproduces all of the standard empirical predictions of conventional delocalized quantum theory in configuration space. This is an explicit, unambiguous, and Lorentz-covariant “local hidden variable theory” in space-time, whose existence proves definitively that such theories are possible. This does not conflict with Bell’s theorem because it is a local many-worlds theory. Each physical system is characterized by a wave-field, which is a set of indexed piece-wise single-particle wavefunctions in space-time, each with its own coefficient, along with a memory which contains the separate local Hilbert-space quantum state at each event in space-time. Each single-particle wavefunction of a fundamental system describes the motion of a portion of a conserved fluid in space-time, with the fluid decomposing into many classical point particles, each following a world-line and recording a local memory. Local interactions between two systems take the form of local boundary conditions between the differently indexed pieces of those systems’ wave-fields, with new indexes encoding each orthogonal outcome of the interaction. The general machinery is introduced, including the local mechanisms for entanglement and interference. The experience of collapse, Born rule probability, and environmental decoherence are discussed, and a number of illustrative examples are given.

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Rojansky, Matthew. « The Ukraine-Russia Conflict : A Way Forward ». Security and Human Rights 27, n^o 3-4 (9 septembre 2016) : 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02703008.

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The United States has a vital interest in the restoration of Ukraine’s sovereignty and the resolution of its conflict with Russia, which are key to de-escalating growing tension across the wider European and Euro-Atlantic space. Yet the conflict in Ukraine’s East has settled into a largely recognisable pattern: a new and very large “frozen conflict,” increasingly reminiscent of that in Moldova, Georgia and Armenia/Azerbaijan, where intense fighting at the time of the Soviet Union’s collapse was reduced by de facto cease-fires, but no effective long-term conflict-settlement mechanism was found. Washington should seek agreement from all parties to engage more directly in an osce-mediated process to stem the ongoing damage to European security, the deepening human and economic costs, and the threat to Ukraine’s sovereignty.

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Fuad, Khairul. « FAKTA SEJARAH DALAM CERPEN INDAHNYA PERSATUAN KARYA ODHY’S ». tuahtalino 13, n^o 1 (5 juillet 2019) : 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/tt.v13i1.1371.

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This research aims to know the historical facts behind the Odhy’s’s sort story Indahnya Persatuan. As the work of literature relates certainly to the space and time so those contexts will surround it certainly. Historical context denotes the problem which fills in that short story through reading first. Knowing included answering the historical context is used method of qualitative with theory of contextuality and socio-history for revealing the historical facts were appeared. Then, the result of research was found the historical fact related with the horizontal conflict between Dayaknese and Madurese. The other hand, the other historical facts were found as chronological history of that horizontal conflict. The conclusion of result of research was the short story Indahnya Persatuan containing the elements of historical facts were happened in West Borneo. Through those result can be mentioned that the process of literature work related deeply to contextuality, either the space or the time.

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Miao, Shuangxi, Chengqi Cheng, Weixin Zhai, Fuhu Ren, Bo Zhang, Shuang Li, Junxiao Zhang et Huangchuang Zhang. « A Low-Altitude Flight Conflict Detection Algorithm Based on a Multilevel Grid Spatiotemporal Index ». ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, n^o 6 (21 juin 2019) : 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060289.

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Flight conflict detection is fundamental to flight dispatch, trajectory planning, and flight safety control. An ever-increasing aircraft population and higher speeds, particularly the emergence of hypersonic/supersonic aircrafts, are challenging the timeliness and accuracy of flight conflict detection. Traditional trajectory conflict detection algorithms rely on traversing multivariate equations of every two trajectories, in order to yield the conflict result and involve extensive computation and high algorithmic complexity; these algorithms are often unable to provide the flight conflict solutions required quickly enough. In this paper, we present a novel, low-altitude flight conflict detection algorithm, based on the multi-level grid spatiotemporal index, that transforms the traditional trajectory-traversing multivariate conflict computation into a grid conflict state query of distributed grid databases. Essentially, this is a method of exchanging "storage space" for "computational time". First, we build the spatiotemporal subdivision and encoding model based on the airspace. The model describes the geometries of the trajectories, low-altitude obstacles, or dangerous fields and identifies the grid with grid codes. Next, we design a database table structure of the grid and create a grid database. Finally, we establish a multilevel grid spatiotemporal index, design a query optimization scheme, and examine the flight conflict detection results from the grid database. Experimental verification confirms that the computation efficiency of our algorithm is one order of magnitude higher than those of traditional methods. Our algorithm can perform real-time (dynamic/static) conflict detection on both individual aircraft and aircraft flying in formation with more efficient trajectory planning and airspace utilization.

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NOVÁK, Andrej, Alena NOVÁK SEDLÁČKOVÁ et Pavol PECHO. « Detection and Prediction of a Pair of Unmanned Aircraft Contact ». Promet - Traffic&Transportation 34, n^o 3 (1 juin 2022) : 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v34i3.4078.

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In the current world of increasing density of unmanned aerial vehicle operations in the airspace, there is an enhanced emphasis on their safety due to the potential for mid-air collision, either with another aircraft or with each other. At the same time, unmanned aerial vehicles are also being used in the context of introducing smart technologies into maintenance processes, where there is also a need to prevent a potentially possible conflict when two drones come close together. The paper introduces a mathematical model for tactical prediction of a conflict between a pair of drones. The tactical prediction of drone conflict is intended to alert the drone operator to an immediate potentially dangerous situation. The mathematical simulation in this paper extrapolates the 3D trajectory in the direction of the relative velocity vector of the convergence over the advance time. If the extrapolated trajectory has at least one point in common with the conflict space of the other drone, the conflict is signalled to the drone operator. This model can then be used in practice to simulate flight operations in shared airspace or to develop the currently required rules in selected situations.

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Kwon, Young-In, Shigeru Morichi et Tetsuo Yai. « Analysis of Pedestrian Behavior and Planning Guidelines with Mixed Traffic for Narrow Urban Streets ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1636, n^o 1 (janvier 1998) : 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1636-19.

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The aim of this study was to examine pedestrian behavior and suggest guidelines for analyzing pedestrian traffic flow in narrow urban streets with mixed traffic. For the analysis of pedestrian behavior, 15 streets around an urban railway station in Tokyo were surveyed, and several parameters were obtained, such as pedestrian paths around stationary obstacles; share of pedestrians using the sidewalk as a factor of street environment and traffic conditions; and influence distance of and for bicycles and cars. With respect to planning guidelines, the authors have simultaneously defined a new index of time-space occupancy ( Qt-si) of traffic modes in mixed-traffic conditions that considers the occupancy of time and space in the time-space diagram. Also, a new concept for level-of-service standards has been suggested for mixed-traffic conditions that employs the concept of time-space occupancy of each mode and hindrance/conflict between modes.

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Laver, Michael. « Public, Private and Common in Outer Space : Res Extra Commercium or Res Communis Humanitatis beyond the High Frontier ? » Political Studies 34, n^o 3 (septembre 1986) : 359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1986.tb01601.x.

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The parable of the ‘Tragedy of the Commons' can be applied to the international politics of outer space. The specific legal content of human activity on the Moon and in the geostationary orbit precludes a private appropriation, while the established röle of private corporations in the economy of outer space makes the establishment of collective ownership unlikely. The tension between treaty law and customary law, and between rival legal interpretations of space activity, mirrors an underlying conflict between space powers and non-space powers. For the time being at least, the space powers have an incentive to maintain the legal régime most susceptible to tragedy, since this is the one that they can dominate most easily.

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Bakhturidze, Z. Z., et N. A. Vasilyeva. « Unrecognized States of the Post-Soviet Space : Problems and Prospects ». Post-Soviet Issues 7, n^o 1 (15 avril 2020) : 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2020-7-1-29-41.

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The world order of the 21st century is characterized by transformational processes changing the spatial-temporal coordinates of international life. The features of the present stage are ambivalent processes (integration and disintegration; globalization and deglobalization).The article analyzes the transformation processes in post-Soviet space. The relevance of the study is caused by the presence of several frozen conflicts in the post-Soviet space that have changed the configuration of the region and have been enhancing its conflict potential since they are far from settling and constructive resolution. The conflict potential of the post-Soviet space is increased because of the presence of new state formations: the unrecognized de facto states thePridnestrovianMoldavianRepublicand theNagorno-KarabakhRepublic, and partially recognized Abkhazia andSouth Ossetia.The article also deals with the statehood acquisition and the formation of a new status of Abkhazia, South Ossetia, theNagorno-KarabakhRepublicand Transnistria. It emphasizes the necessity to solve the problem of obtaining external legitimization of the sovereignty of these political-territorial entities not only within the legal framework, but also within the political and social sphere.The actualization of frozen conflicts is only a matter of time, and in the context of the deterioration of relations between global players pursuing their own interests in the region, it can be used as an argument for aggravating the international situation.The principal approach to the study of this problem is the combination of comparative historical, institutional and situational methods that allow us to comprehensively consider the forms of international legitimization of small states in contemporary international relations and analyze conflict situations.The article presents various theoretical concepts on the problem of unrecognized states; the possibilities of further development of these partially recognized states are discussed. The difficulties of political integration and the difficulties of resolving frozen conflicts, in particular, due to the lack of a full-fledged dialogue between all parties to the conflict, are highlighted.The article is valuable as an analytical material for practical use by agencies and organizations involved in the development of political content in theSouth Caucasusregion.The authors conclude that in the issue of the existence of unrecognized States of the post-Soviet space, the time factor is essential because in these territories new generations of people are born who perceive themselves as full-fledged citizens of sovereign States.

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Schröder-Stapper, Teresa. « Die geschriebene Stadt ». Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung : Volume 48, Issue 1 48, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2021) : 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/zhf.48.1.1.

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The Written City. Inscriptions as Media of Urban Knowledge of Space and Time The article investigates the function of urban inscriptions as media of knowledge about space and time at the transition from the late Middle Ages to the early modern period in the city of Braunschweig. The article starts with the insight that inscriptions in stone or wood on buildings or monuments not only convey knowledge about space and time but at the same time play an essential role in the construction of space and time in the city by the practice of inscribing. The analysis focuses on the steadily deteriorating relationship between the city of Braunschweig and its city lord, the Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, and its material manifestation in building and monument inscriptions. The contribution shows that in the course of the escalating conflict over autonomy, a change in epigraphic habit took placed that aimed at claiming both urban space and its history exclusively on behalf of the city as an expression of its autonomy.

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Liu, Ruiwei, Siqi Hao, Yaping Zhang, Chonghang Xu, Wenjing Li et Yunrui Mo. « A Novel Strategic Aircraft Track Planning Method Considering Conflict Probability ». Aerospace 9, n^o 12 (19 décembre 2022) : 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9120848.

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Generally, air track planning is conducted in real time and takes modified track distance minimization as objective. Next-generation air transport systems provide aircrafts with more flexibility in track planning and more responsibilities in self-separation, which present a great challenge for aircraft optimal track planning, especially in some high-density airspaces and some complex conflict scenarios. This paper proposes a novel aircraft track planning method by taking aircraft conflict probability into consideration. First, the concepts of aircraft potential motion space and the estimation method for aircraft conflict probability is introduced. Then, taking conflict probability minimization as the objective, the classical ant colony algorithm (ACA) algorithm is improved to solve the model. Finally, an experimental study is conducted to illustrate the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method is able to provide a scientific and effective track planning approach considering the potential conflict probability of aircrafts, which is able to provide fundamental to the safety of entire air transport system.

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Neagoş, Ramona Alexandra. « Smart Paradigms of Modern International Mediation ». Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Studia Europaea 67, n^o 2 (30 décembre 2022) : 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeuropaea.2022.2.10.

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"Over the past few decades, due to increasing interdependence between societies, the speed of information propagation, the diminishing constraints of time and space on communication and the simultaneous involvement of an increment number of actors in the same operating theatre, we have witnessed the globalization of conflict and along with it a remarkable transformation of conflict and how it is fought. There has been a surge of interest in the recent literature on disaggregating war on defining the mechanisms driving non-conventional warfare, and therefore, the aim of this article is to underline the fact that the existing literature on international mediation has placed far too little stress on finding new approaches on managing these new challenges. The international mediation regime did not to match the rhythm and directions of conflict evolutions. Keywords: globalization of conflict, international mediation, smart mediation strategies."

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Murakami, Keisuke. « Time-space network model and MILP formulation of the conflict-free routing problem of a capacitated AGV system ». Computers & ; Industrial Engineering 141 (mars 2020) : 106270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2020.106270.

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Wucherpfennig, Julian, Nils B. Weidmann, Luc Girardin, Lars-Erik Cederman et Andreas Wimmer. « Politically Relevant Ethnic Groups across Space and Time : Introducing the GeoEPR Dataset ». Conflict Management and Peace Science 28, n^o 5 (25 février 2011) : 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0738894210393217.

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This article introduces GeoEPR, a geocoded version of the Ethnic Power Relations (EPR) dataset that charts politically relevant ethnic groups across space and time. We describe the dataset in detail, discuss its advantages and limitations, and use it in a replication of Cederman, Wimmer and Min’s (2010) study on the causes of ethno-nationalist conflict. We show that territorial conflicts are more likely to involve groups that settle far away from the capital city and close to the border, while these spatial variables have no effect for governmental conflicts.

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Mostafazadeh, Ali. « Time-Dependent Pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians and a Hidden Geometric Aspect of Quantum Mechanics ». Entropy 22, n^o 4 (20 avril 2020) : 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22040471.

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A non-Hermitian operator H defined in a Hilbert space with inner product ⟨ · | · ⟩ may serve as the Hamiltonian for a unitary quantum system if it is η -pseudo-Hermitian for a metric operator (positive-definite automorphism) η . The latter defines the inner product ⟨ · | η · ⟩ of the physical Hilbert space H η of the system. For situations where some of the eigenstates of H depend on time, η becomes time-dependent. Therefore, the system has a non-stationary Hilbert space. Such quantum systems, which are also encountered in the study of quantum mechanics in cosmological backgrounds, suffer from a conflict between the unitarity of time evolution and the unobservability of the Hamiltonian. Their proper treatment requires a geometric framework which clarifies the notion of the energy observable and leads to a geometric extension of quantum mechanics (GEQM). We provide a general introduction to the subject, review some of the recent developments, offer a straightforward description of the Heisenberg-picture formulation of the dynamics for quantum systems having a time-dependent Hilbert space, and outline the Heisenberg-picture formulation of dynamics in GEQM.

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Yin, Hexiao. « Spatial Conflict Risk Measurement and Early Warning Based on Network Information Processing ». Mobile Information Systems 2022 (11 mars 2022) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8263580.

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The contradiction of land use is becoming more and more fierce in China, which poses a serious threat to the structural integrity and quantity of ecological land, the uncontrolled expansion of urban construction land, the imbalance between the spatial structure of agricultural land and ecological land, and the unreasonable spatial structure of various types of land within the city. This study mainly discusses the risk measurement and early warning of spatial conflict based on network information processing. In this study, GIS technology is used to deal with the risk of spatial conflict. Spatial conflict, in essence, is an objective geographical phenomenon arising from the competition for spatial resources in the process of human-land relations and is the result of the interaction between natural geographical factors and human factors, and natural geographical processes and human processes, and is a key factor affecting the sustainable development of the region. The logical network attack path composed of IP sequence captured by the space conflict network early warning and emergency response system is transformed into the attack path composed of a corresponding physical address sequence, which is directly displayed on the electronic map. At the same time, the attributes related to the spatial conflict events in the research area are also displayed in the form of a list. When the macro network early warning and emergency response system detect the occurrence of space conflict events in the study area, its emergency response subsystem queries the strategy database and outputs the emergency strategy in real-time by inputting the warning information analyzed by the early warning information analysis subsystem. Finally, the system realizes the functions of network node information visualization processing, network early warning and emergency response information visualization processing, and electronic layer basic operation. It is found that the industrial added value of the study area of ABC urban agglomeration has reached 283.140 billion yuan in recent three years, accounting for 60.25% of the industrial added value of the three cities and 30.98% of the whole province. The results show that the improper spatial regional combination has an important impact on the spatial conflict, and the improper spatial regional combination will significantly improve the level of spatial conflict.

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Santosa, Budi, Antariksa Antariksa et Lisa Dwi Wulandari. « DINAMIKA RUANG WISATA RELIGI MAKAM SUNAN GIRI DI KABUPATEN GRESIK ». El-HARAKAH (TERAKREDITASI) 16, n^o 2 (30 décembre 2014) : 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/el.v16i2.2775.

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Space is the product of an activity, which involves economic and technical activities owned by a group of people, so it has political and strategic nature. The relationship between space and activity is very close, where the space has a concept of a container and content. This study concerns the dynamics of space in Sunan Giri Tomb formed because of the conflict and activities in the tomb tourist site. The visitors’s space dimension of Sunan Giri Tomb can not be physically limited as each visitor has his own movement space and purpose of his activities. The aim of this study is to analyze the dynamics of space for visitor’s activity in the tomb. The method used is descriptive qualitative, deciphering the visitor’s behavior as the research object. The finding shows that space once had a specific function, but because of the activity and condition adjustment at one time, then the dynamics in space happen. The dynamics contain changes in the function and meaning or the space character which is associated with the context of time and influenced by human activities.

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Plugor, Réka. « Projections of the symbolic conflict in Kolozsvár ». Erdélyi Társadalom 4, n^o 2 (2006) : 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17177/77171.69.

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The study focuses on the city of Kolozsvár, an important city for both the Romanian and the Hungarian elite, which is a university and a cultural center at the same time. This is the reason the historically defined competition that characterizes the relationship of the two elite groups appears as a symbolic conflict, at stake being the redistribution of the symbolic capital. The author used the techniques of mental mapping and interviews to unveil the symbolic competition for the urban space, while emphasizing its changing character

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Grant, Susan-Mary. « In War Time : Dialectics of Descent, Consent, and Conflict in American Nationalism ». Genealogy 2, n^o 4 (22 octobre 2018) : 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy2040045.

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The United States, according to sociologist Seymour Martin Lipset, was the ‘first new nation’. It may be at least anticipated, therefore, that genealogy, history, and the narration of time would prove more than usually complicated in a political state united across time and space solely by a civic idealism, and a people bound together only by what president Abraham Lincoln romantically described as ‘mystic chords of memory’. In order to probe the nationalist lineaments of America’s particular approach to locating the nation in time and in tradition, this paper traces a genealogy of American nationalism by interrogating three specific national discourses that have been of significance to the United States since its colonial beginnings. First, the identification of America as the New Israel in the New World; the attempt to inscribe the nation into spiritual, Biblical time. Second, the racial distinctions that America deployed to sustain a civic version of ethnic genealogical determinants, and to construct a coherent narrative of national lineage that embedded its citizens in time and space. And, finally, the role that conflict played, and still plays as both a central core and historical framework for both the narration, and the collapsing of time in the United States today.

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Vasil'ev, Evgenii Vadimovich. « “Own” and “alien” space in the novel “Dead Men Walking” by Steve Lyons ». Филология : научные исследования, n^o 2 (février 2021) : 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2021.2.33345.

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The subject of this research is the peculiarities of organization of space in the novel “Dead Men Walking” by Steve Lyons from the perspective opposition “own – alien”. The research employs the cultural-historical method and comparative analysis. The article examines the peculiarities of perception of space in the novel. The basic conflict is association with intervention of the alien civilization on the planet of people. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the war erases the boundaries of “own” and “alien”, each of parties to the conflict has reason to believe that the planet is “their own”. The characters of the novel are divided into “living” and “dead”, which complicates the conflict and organization of space even more. Space in the literary text is the subject of multiple scientific articles. However, the works dedicated to examination of space in S. Lyons’ novel are not featured in modern literary studies, which defines the scientific novelty of this research. The conclusion is drawn that  for humanity and for alien civilization space is simultaneously “own” and “alien”, since other civilization existed on the planet for a long time prior to the arrival of humans. Moreover, the organization of space is complicated by the arrival of human forces of rom other planet, who were unfamiliar with the concept of “own” space at all, which affects the course of war and determines the fate of the characters in the novel. Such approach demonstrates that the concept of “own” and “alien” in the novel is vague due to the fact that it is impossible to unambiguously attribute the planet neither to “own” nor “alien” space.

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