Articles de revues : « SP-ELISA »

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CIMINO, R. O., M. MONJE RUMI, P. RAGONE, J. LAUTHIER, A. ALBERTI D'AMATO, I. R. LÓPEZ QUIROGA, J. F. GIL et al. « Immuno-enzymatic evaluation of the recombinant TSSA-II protein ofTrypanosoma cruziin dogs and human sera : a tool for epidemiological studies ». Parasitology 138, n^o 8 (26 avril 2011) : 995–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011000540.

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SUMMARYThe rTSSA-II (recombinant Trypomastigote Small Surface II) antigen was evaluated by ELISA to detect anti-Trypanosoma cruziantibodies in sera from naturally infected dogs and humans. For this evaluation ELISA-rTSSA-II was standardized and groups were classified according to the results obtained through xenodiagnosis, ELISA and PCR. Sensitivity (Se), Specificity (Sp), Kappa index (KI) and area under curve (AUC) were determined. The Se was determined by using 14 sera from dogs infected withT. cruziVI (TcVI) whereas Sp was determined by using 95 non-chagasic sera by xenodiagnosis, ELISA-Homogenate and PCR. The performance of ELISA-rTSSA-II in dog sera was high (AUC=0·93 and KI=0·91). The Se was 92·85% (1 false negative) and Sp was 100%. Two sera from dogs infected with TcI and 1 with TcIII were negative. For patients infected withT. cruzi, reactivity was 87·8% (36/41), there was only 1 indeterminate, and Sp was 100%. Fifty-four sera from non-chagasic and 68 sera from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis did not react with rTSS-II. ELISA-rTSSA-II showed a high performance when studying sera from naturally infected dogs and it also presented 100% Sp. This assay could be an important tool to carry out sero-epidemiological surveys on the prevalence ofT. cruzicirculating lineages in the region.

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Ramírez-Reveco, Alfredo, Gerardo Velásquez, Christopher Aros, Gabriela Navarrete, Franz Villarroel-Espíndola, Maritza Navarrete, Alberto Fica et al. « Performance estimation of two in-house ELISA assays for COVID-19 surveillance through the combined detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgM, and IgG immunoglobulin isotypes ». PLOS ONE 18, n^o 2 (6 février 2023) : e0270388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270388.

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The main objective of this study was to estimate the performance, under local epidemiological conditions, of two in-house ELISA assays for the combined detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgM, and IgG immunoglobulins. A total of 94 serum samples were used for the assessment, where 44 corresponded to sera collected before the pandemic (free of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies), and 50 sera were collected from confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the main public hospital in the city of Valdivia, southern Chile. The Nucleocapsid (Np) and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) proteins were separately used as antigens (Np and RBD ELISA, respectively) to assess their diagnostic performance. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to estimate the optical density (OD) cut-off that maximized the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the ELISA assays. Np ELISA had a mean Se of 94% (95% CI = 83.5–98.8%) and a mean Sp of 100% (95% CI = 92.0–100%), with an OD 450 nm positive cut-off value of 0.88. On the other hand, RBD ELISA presented a mean Se of 96% (95% CI = 86.3–99.5%) and a mean Sp of 90% (95% CI = 78.3–97.5%), with an OD 450 nm positive cut off value of 0.996. Non-significant differences were observed between the Se distributions of Np and RBD ELISAs, but the latter presented a significant lower Sp than Np ELISA. In parallel, collected sera were also analyzed using a commercial lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay (LFCI), to compare the performance of the in-house ELISA assays against a commercial test. The LFCI had a mean sensitivity of 94% (95% CI = 87.4–100%) and a mean specificity of 100% (95% CI = 100–100%). When compared to Np ELISA, non-significant differences were observed on the performance distributions. Conversely, RBD ELISA had a significant lower Sp than the LFCI. Although, Np ELISA presented a similar performance to the commercial test, this was 2.5 times cheaper than the LFCI assay (labor cost not considered). Thus, the in-house Np ELISA could be a suitable alternative tool, in resource limited environments, for the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection, supporting further epidemiological studies.

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Wahyuningsih, Sri P. Astuti, R. Warsito, Hastari Wuryastuti et Kamiso H.N. « DETEKSI Streptococcus Sp PADA Clarias gariepinus MENGGUNAKAN AMPLIFIED ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY ». Berkala Penelitian Hayati 5, n^o 1 (31 décembre 1999) : 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.5.1.19993.

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An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed which detect Streptococcus sp. Twenty Clarian gariepinus at the age of two weeks was soaked in Streptococcus sp. suspension with concentration of 108 bacteria per ml for two hours. Specimens such as blood, mucous, muscles, heart, kidney, liver, intestines and gill were collected, and assayed for the presence of Steptococcus sp. using ELISA. Result of present study showed that ELISA can be applied to detect an isolated Streptococcus sp. from tissues of Clarias gariepinus. Kidney is a primary target organ (predilection). Therefore, the kidney is a specimen of choice for diagnosis approach (es) of Streptococcus sp. infection.

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Oliveira, Trícia Maria F. de Sousa, Patrícia I. Furuta, Débora de Carvalho et Rosangela Z. Machado. « Study of cross-reactivity in serum samples from dogs positive for Leishmania sp., Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect fluorescent antibody test ». Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 17, n^o 1 (mars 2008) : 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612008000100002.

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To verify the presence of cross-reaction among leishmaniosis, ehrlichiosis and babesiosis in serological diagnostics used in human visceral leishmaniasis control programs, serum samples from leishmaniasis endemic and non-endemic areas were collected and tested by Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFAT) and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All serum samples from endemic areas were positive for Leishmania sp., by ELISA and IFAT, 51% positive for Babesia canis and 43% for Ehrlichia canis by IFAT. None of the serum samples from non-endemic areas were positive for Leishmania sp., by IFAT, but 67% were positive for B. canis and 78% for E. canis using the same test. When tested by ELISA for Leishmania sp., four samples from non-endemic area were positive. These dogs were then located and no clinical signs, parasites or antibody was detected in new tests for a six month period. Only one of these 4 samples was positive for B. canis by IFAT and ELISA and three for E. canis by IFAT. The results of the work suggest a co-infection in the endemic area and no serological cross-reaction among these parasites by IFAT and ELISA.

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METZGER-BODDIEN, CHRISTOPH, ANJA BOSTEL et JOHANNES KEHLE. « AnDiaTec Salmonella sp. PCR-ELISA for Analysis of Food Samples ». Journal of Food Protection 67, n^o 8 (1 août 2004) : 1585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.8.1585.

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A commercially available PCR kit (AnDiaTec Salmonella sp. PCR-ELISA) was developed and evaluated for the detection of Salmonella sp. in food samples. The test is based on PCR amplification and hybridization of the amplified DNA to a microtiter plate followed by the detection of PCR product in the manner of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. The sensitivity and specificity were evaluated first with Salmonella pure cultures and artificially contaminated food samples, including food types for which an inhibition of the PCR reaction was expected. Both experiments proved a very good sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of the test with a very broad range of food types. In a second evaluation study, more than 1,100 food samples of different types were tested in parallel with the PCR method and with the International Standardization Organization 6579 bacteriological reference method. The results of this evaluation study and the results from other experiments on dilutions of artificially contaminated food samples led to the establishment of a positive-negative cutoff value (optical density at 450 nm of more than 0.9) with respect to the conventional bacteriological method. Using this positive-negative cutoff, 98% agreement to the bacteriological method was obtained.

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Garcia-de-Lomas, J., C. Morales, M. A. Grau et A. Mir. « Detection of Candida sp. mannan antigen by indirect ELISA-inhibition ». Mycopathologia 102, n^o 3 (juin 1988) : 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00437401.

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Paré, Julie, Sharon K. Hietala et Mark C. Thurmond. « An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Serological Diagnosis of Neospora Sp. Infection in Cattle ». Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 7, n^o 3 (juillet 1995) : 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879500700310.

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A kinetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and optimized for detection of antibodies to Neospora sp. in cattle. Sonicated tachyzoites of Neospora sp. isolated from an aborted bovine fetus were used as antigen. Variability in immunoblot patterns among positive sera, and the fact that all life stages of the parasites are unknown, justified use of a multiple-antigen ELISA to allow for maximum sensitivity. Immunoblot analysis revealed negligible cross-reactions between Toxoplasma gondii antigen and Neospora sp. antisera and between Neospora sp. antigen and antisera from various apicomplexan parasites. The maximum positive-to-negative Vmax (average maximum slope of the optical density over time) ratio was obtained using 200 ng/well of sonicated tachyzoite antigen and a 1:200 serum dilution. Using logistic regression to determine the optimal cutoff point between known infected and noninfected cattle, a sample-to-positive control Vmax ratio of 0.45 was found to maximize the percent correct classification, with an estimated sensitivity of 88.6% and specificity of 96.5%. Use of Neospora caninum antigen following the same protocol demonstrated no difference in ELISA interpretation. Comparison with an existing indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test showed the ELISA to be the more sensitive and specific test for serodiagnosis of Neospora infection in cattle.

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Boot, R., H. C. W. Thuis, J. L. Veenema et R. G. H. Bakker. « An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for monitoring rodent colonies for Pasteurella pneumotropica antibodies ». Laboratory Animals 29, n^o 3 (1 juillet 1995) : 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367795781088306.

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An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of Pasteurella pneumotropica antibodies in the sera of rats} mice, hamsters and Mastomys. P. pneumotropica from mice and rats showed cross-reactivity. The ELISA using P. pneumotropica NCTC 8284 detected more infected animals than selective culture in groups of rodents from which P. pneumotropica, Haemophilus sp and/or Actinobacillus sp were cultured. Cross reactivity between P. pneumotropica NCTC 8284 and haemophilus and actinobacillus isolates were not studied.

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NIU, QINGLI, ZHIJIE LIU, JIFEI YANG, PEIFA YU, YUPING PAN, BINTAO ZHAI, JIANXUN LUO, GUIQUAN GUAN et HONG YIN. « Expression of sheep pathogen Babesia sp. Xinjiang rhoptry-associated protein 1 and evaluation of its diagnostic potential by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ». Parasitology 143, n^o 14 (17 octobre 2016) : 1990–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016001293.

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SUMMARYOvine babesiosis is one of the most important tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases of small ruminants. The ovine parasite Babesia sp. Xinjiang is widespread in China. In this study, recombinant full-length XJrRAP-1aα2 (rhoptry-associated protein 1aα2) and C-terminal XJrRAP-1aα2 CT of Babesia sp. Xinjiang were expressed and used to evaluate their diagnostic potential for Babesia sp. Xinjiang infections by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Purified XJrRAP-1aα2 was tested for reactivity with sera from animals experimentally infected with Babesia sp. Xinjiang and other haemoparasites using Western blotting and ELISA. The results showed no cross-reactivities between XJrRAP-1aα2 CT and sera from animals infected by other pathogens. High level of antibodies against RAP-1a usually lasted 10 weeks post-infection (wpi). A total of 3690 serum samples from small ruminants in 23 provinces located in 59 different regions of China were tested by ELISA. The results indicated that the average positive rate was 30·43%, and the infections were found in all of the investigated provinces. This is the first report on the expression and potential use of a recombinant XJrRAP-1aα2 CT antigen for the development of serological assays for the diagnosis of ovine babesiosis, caused by Babesia sp. Xinjiang.

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Quispe Pari, Elizabeth. « Diagnóstico de teniasis humana mediante elisa coproantígeno y microscopía tradicional en poblaciones rurales de Puno - Perú. » Revista Investigaciones Altoandinas - Journal of High Andean Investigation 17, n^o 3 (30 décembre 2015) : 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.18271/ria.2015.152.

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RESUMENLa teniasis, es una enfermedad parasitaria endémica distribuida a nivel mundial, la detección de antígenos por coproantígeno tiene mejor sensibilidad diagnóstica. Los objetivos del estudio fueron: Determinar la prevalencia de Taenia sp en dos poblaciones rurales utilizando la técnica de microscopia y elisa-coproantigeno; Comparar la sensibilidad de elisa-coproantigeno con el análisis microscópico. Se analizaron 723 muestras de heces. Los resultados en: Copamaya por microscopia 1,7% (3/173) de positivos, mediante elisa-coproantigeno 2,8% (5/173). En Pharata por microscopia 2,2% (12/550), por elisa-coproantigeno 3,3% (18/550). En ambas localidades las edades de 30-59 obtuvieron mayor prevalencia. La prueba de elisa- coproantigeno detectó mayor número de casos en comparación con la microscopia. 12 muestras positivas por elisa-coproantigeno y microscopia se confirmó al observar el parasito en el tratamiento. En 7 muestras elisa-coproantigeno positivo y microscopia negativo no se pudo confirmar la presencia de taenia por que no se administró tratamiento por el bajo valor de porcentaje de positividad entre 16,28 a 31,28. Conclusión: La prevalencia de Taenia sp en Copamaya por microscopia es 1,7%; en Pharata 2,2%; por elisa-coproantigeno 2,8% y 3,3% respectivamente. La prueba de elisa-coproantigeno detectó mayor número de casos positivos frente al análisis microscópico, pero en algunos casos son complementarios para el diagnóstico de la teniasis. Mediante la prueba de t student para analizar las diferencias significativas de los dos métodos de diagnóstico se obtuvo (P=0.665). DIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN TAENIASIS BY COPROANTIGEN ELISA AND TRADITIONAL MICROSCOPY IN THE RURAL POPULATIONS OF PUNO -PERUABSTRACTThe tapeworm is a parasitic disease endemic in developing worldwide distributed, the antigen detection by coproantigen-Elisa has better diagnostic sensitivity. The objectives studies were: To determine the prevalence of Taenia sp in two rural populations using the technique of microscopy and coproantigen- Elisa; to compare the sensitivity of coproantigen-elisa with microscopic analysis. 723 stool samples were analyzed. The results show: In Copamaya it was possitive by microscopy 1, 7% (3/173), by coproantigen-elisa 2, 8% (5/173), while in Pharata by microscopy 2, 2% (12/550) and 3.3% (18/550) by coproantigen-elisa. In both locations the ages of 30- 59 had the greatest number of positive. Elisa-coproantigen test detected more cases compared with microscopy. 12 positive samples were confirmed by microscopy and coproantigen it is confirmed by the parasite in the treatment. In 7 samples coproantigen-elisa positive and negative microscopy could not confirm the presence of taenia because treatment is not administered by the low value of percentage of positivity between 16, 28 to 31,28. Conclusions: the prevalence of Taenia sp in population the Copamaya by microscopy is 1.7% and Pharata 2.2%, by coproantigen-elisa 2.8% and 3.3% respectively. The test coproantigen-elisa detected highest number of positive cases compared to microscopic analysis, but in some cases is complementary to diagnose tapeworm. Using the student t test to analyze the significant differences in the two diagnostic methods was obtained (P = 0.665).

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Tessari, H. C. C. P., G. R. Paludo, M. C. Scalon, J. M. M. Silva et L. Q. L. Hirano. « Investigation of Chlamydia sp., Morbillivirus sp., Parvovirus sp., Leishmania sp. and Alphacoronavirus sp. in captive giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) ». Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 74, n^o 5 (octobre 2022) : 833–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12584.

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ABSTRACT This research aimed to investigate the occurrence of Chlamydia sp., Morbillivirus sp., Parvovirus sp., Leishmania sp. and Alphacoronavirus sp. in captive giant anteaters. Blood and fecal samples were taken from 16 animals in institutions from the states of Minas Gerais, Bahia and Distrito Federal, which had been in captivity for at least a year. A commercial rapid chromatographic immunoassay test was used for detecting coronavirus and parvovirus antigens, in addition to antibodies against leishmaniasis, all results being negative. In the case of the test for antibodies against distemper, four (4/16; 25%) anteaters had an average titration, two (2/16; 12.5%) a low titration and ten (10/16; 62.5%) were non-reactive. Using the DOT-ELISA (dot blotting) method for detection of immunoglobulin G, only one specimen obtained a 1 : 40 titration. For the polymerase chain reaction tests for Leishmania and Chlamydia, all samples were negative.

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Shahraeen, N., T. Ghotbi et A. H. Mehraban. « Occurrence of Impatiens necrotic spot virus in Ornamentals in Mahallat and Tehran Provinces in Iran ». Plant Disease 86, n^o 6 (juin 2002) : 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.6.694a.

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Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) (genus Tospovirus, family Bunyaviridae) has been detected in commercial nurseries and field-grown ornamentals in Mahallat (Markazi) and Tehran provinces of Iran. INSV on ornamentals was first reported in 1990 (2). Ornamental plants with small necrotic spots, leaf yellowing, ring spots, necrotic vein clearing, wilting, and dwarf symptoms were collected. For mechanical inoculation on selected host species, leaf samples were triturated in chilled 0.01 phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, containing 0.02% sodium sulfite. Cowpea (cv. Mashad local), Chenopodium amaranticolor, Datura mete, Nicotiana rustica, N. tabacum (cv. White Burly), and Lycopersicon sp. produced local necrotic symptoms 5 days postinoculation. N. rustica, N. tabacum cv. White Burley, and D. metel also developed systemic mosaic symptoms that were followed by total wilting and death of the plant. The severity of the disease was higher in warm weather (July and August in greenhouses). Thrips tabaci and Frankliniella intonsa were often present at the site of INSV infection. Triple-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) was applied using a commerical polyclonal antibody kit (As-0115) in combination with monoclonal antibody 5E4 (As-0117) prepared against nucleoprotein of INSV isolate Pv-0280 (antibody kits and positive control were a gift from DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany). Samples were tested for the presence of TSWV and INSV. The ornamental species found infected with INSV were Rosa sp., Gazania sp., Chrysanthemum sp., Leucanthemum sp., Matricaria camomila, Pelargonium roseum, Salvia sp., and Dianthus caryophyllus, which were collected from the Mahallat area; and Gazania sp. and Bougainvillea spectabilis collected from the Tehran Province. ELISA values of field-infected samples (OD405, read after 1h) diluted at 1:10 (wt/vol) were 0.317 (minimum) and 0.914 (maximum), and 0.312 for the positive control. None of the samples reacted in TAS-ELISA with Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (antibody kits, As-0105, As-0106, and As-01106, gift from DSMZ). A few samples of Chrysanthemum sp. and Leucanthemum sp. (collected from the Mahallat area) reacted in TAS-ELISA with TSWV, indicating they were doubly infected with TSWV and INSV. Within the genus Tospovirus the TSWV peanut isolate has been reported from Iran (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of INSV on ornamentals in Iran. References: (1) A. R. Golnaraghi et al. Plant Dis. 85:1286, 2001 (2) M. D. Law and J. W. Moyer. J. Gen.Virol.71:933, 1990.

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Monti, Gustavo E., Klaas Frankena, Bas Engel, Willem Buist, Héctor D. Tarabla et Mart C. M. de Jong. « Evaluation of a New Antibody-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Dairy Cattle ». Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 17, n^o 5 (septembre 2005) : 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870501700507.

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The objective of this study was to validate a new blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (designated M108 for milk and S108 for serum samples) for detecting bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in dairy cattle. Milk, serum, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid–blood samples were collected from 524 adult Holstein cows originating from 6 dairy herds in Central Argentina. The M108 and S108 were compared with agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), polymerase chain reaction and a commercial ELISA. Because there is currently no reference test capable of serving as a gold standard, the test sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) were evaluated by the use of a latent class model. Statistical inference was performed by classical maximum likelihood and by Bayesian techniques. The maximum-likelihood analysis was performed assuming conditional independence of tests, whereas the Bayesian approach allowed for conditional dependence. No clear conclusion could be drawn about conditional dependence of tests. Results with maximum likelihood (under conditional independence) and posterior Bayes (under conditional dependence) were practically the same. Conservative estimates of SE and SP (with 95% confidence intervals) for M108 were 98.6 (96.7; 99.6) and 96.7 (92.9; 98.8) and for S108 99.5 (98.2; 99.9) and 95.4 (90.9; 98.1), respectively. The ELISA 108 using either milk or serum to detect BLV-infected animals had comparable SE and SP with the official AGID and a commercial ELISA test, which are currently the most widely accepted tests for the serological diagnosis of BLV infection. Therefore, ELISA 108 can be used as an alternative test in monitoring and control programs.

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Al-Mouqatea, Salwa, Mohammad Alkhamis, Batool Akbar, Abdulmohsen Ali, Hameed Al-Aqeel, Ahmed Bin-Heji, Mohammed Razzaque, Julio Alvarez et Andres Perez. « Bayesian estimation of ELISA and gamma interferon test accuracy for the detection of bovine tuberculosis in caudal fold test–negative dairy cattle in Kuwait ». Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 30, n^o 3 (10 février 2018) : 468–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638718759574.

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Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in Kuwait; cattle identified as TB-positive using the caudal fold test (CFT) are culled. We used a Bayesian approach to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the IFNγ assay and ELISA, which are not routinely used in Kuwait in CFT-negative dairy cattle. Blood samples from CFT-negative cattle ( n = 384) collected from 38 dairy farms were tested by IFNγ assay and ELISA. The Se and Sp (95% CI) of the IFNγ were 85.0% (67.6–95.3%) and 90.4% (86.7–95.3%), respectively, whereas estimates for the ELISA were 61.1% (33.1–84.6%) and 85.4% (81.7–88.8%). TB prevalence (95 CI%) in CFT-negative cattle was estimated as 2.6% (0.5–9.5%). The IFNγ assay may play a role as an ancillary test for the identification of Mycobacterium bovis–infected cattle that are undetected by CFT.

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Omori, Aline, Elisabete Ono, Melissa Hirozawa, Igor de Souza Suguiura, Elisa Hirooka, Maria Pelegrinelli Fungaro et Mario Ono. « Development of Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay to Detect Fusarium verticillioides in Poultry Feed Samples ». Toxins 11, n^o 1 (17 janvier 2019) : 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11010048.

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Fumonisins are a group of toxic secondary metabolites that are produced by Fusarium verticillioides which are associated with poultry health hazard and great economic losses. The objective of the present study was to develop an immunological method to detect F. verticillioides in poultry feed samples. An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) based on a polyclonal antibody against 67 kDa protein of the F. verticillioides 97K exoantigen was developed to detect this fungus. Antibody anti-67 kDa protein showed cross-reactivity against F. graminearum (2–7%) and F. sporotrichioides (10%), but no or low cross-reactivity against Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. exoantigens. The detection limit for the 67 kDa protein of F. verticillioides was 29 ng/mL. Eighty-one poultry feed samples were analyzed for Fusarium sp. count, 67 kDa protein of F. verticillioides and fumonisin concentrations. Eighty of the 81 feed samples (98.6%) showed Fusarium sp. contamination (mean 6.2 x 104 CFU/g). Mean 67 kDa protein and fumonisin concentration in the poultry feed samples was 21.0 µg/g and 1.02 µg/g, respectively. The concentration of 67 kDa protein, as determined by ic-ELISA correlated positively (p < 0.05) with fumonisin levels (r = 0.76). These results suggest that this ic-ELISA has potential to detect F. verticillioides and predict fumonisin contamination in poultry feed samples.

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Ma, Yuemei, Chang Liu, Guangpeng Xi, Yuanyuan Guan, Yao Tang, Jing Zhang et Yue Xu. « Bioinformatic Analysis and Cellular Assays Identify Substance P Influencing Th17/Treg Differentiation via the MyD88 Pathway as a Potential Contributor to the Progression of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis ». Disease Markers 2022 (12 février 2022) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3843954.

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Objective. This study is aimed at investigating the role of substance P (SP) in the development of asthma. Methods. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to characterize SP expression in allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma. Peripheral blood was collected from patients with asthma or AR. The expression of relevant cytokines and neuropeptides was measured. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was also performed. The mast cell line LAD2 and the lung bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B were treated with different concentrations of SP concentration. Then, the qRT-PCR method was used to determine the mRNA expression. Furthermore, p38 and p65 and their associated phosphorylated proteins (p-p38 and p-p65) were further validated by western blotting. Result. Clinical and GSE75011 data analysis suggested that MyD88 expression was upregulated in AR and asthma. Through the gene set variation analysis (GSVA), MyD88-related pathways were noticed and further investigated. ELISA results suggested that the SP expression was significantly increased in AR and asthma and IL-10 expression was decreased, whereas the expression of IL-6, IL-17A, IL-23, and TGF-β expressions increased. The mast cell line LAD2 was treated with different SP concentrations, and ELISA results showed that the expression of IL-6, IL-17A, IL-23, and TGF-β in the cell supernatant gradually increased with increasing SP concentrations, whereas that of IL-10 decreased. The lung bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B was treated with different SP concentrations, and the expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and its related proteins was elevated. The expression of p38 and p-p38 proteins was elevated after SP treatment, and their expression levels elevated as SP concentrations increased. Finally, MyD88 expression at the single-cell level was also demonstrated. Conclusion. SP may affect the cytokine expression through the MyD88 pathway, thereby influencing Th17/Treg differentiation and eventually participating in the pathological process of asthma and AR. There are many pathological similarities between allergic rhinitis (AR) and bronchial asthma. In the present study, SP was found to possibly activate downstream inflammatory signaling pathways via MyD88, thereby affecting Th17/Treg differentiation and ultimately participating in the pathological process of asthma and AR.

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PALUSIAK, AGATA, MAŁGORZATA SIWIŃSKA et ZYGMUNT SIDORCZYK. « Serological Studies of Proteus penneri Strains Determining Qualification to Appropriate O-serogroup ». Polish Journal of Microbiology 62, n^o 2 (2013) : 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2013-028.

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Our Department of General Microbiology created a wide collection of P. penneri isolates and classified most of them into 19 different O-serogroups. This work describes the classification of 12 remaining P. penneri strains. The lipopolysaccharides extracted from P. penneri strains were tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with selected O-antisera against Proteus sp. strains. Homologous and cross-reacting systems were checked in: passive immunohemolysis (PIH), inhibition of ELISA and PIH and Western blot procedure. These studies led to the qualification of tested P. penneri strains to five Proteus sp. O-serogroups, thus completing the serological classification of the whole collection.

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Asanuma, S., G. Thottappilly, A. Ayanaba et V. Ranga Rao. « Use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the detection of Rhizobium both in culture and from root nodules of soybeans and cowpeas ». Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, n^o 6 (1 juin 1985) : 524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m85-098.

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The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect Rhizobium sp. in the "cowpea" group and R. japonicum both in culture and from nodules of glasshouse and field-grown plants. Double antibody sandwich (direct ELISA) and indirect ELISA were found to be equally sensitive in detecting rhizobia under controlled laboratory conditions. It was found that nodules preserved by freezing or drying over silica gel were equally good. No loss in sensitivity was detected when nodules were crushed directly in the microplates.

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Zhong, Xiang-Gen, Feng-Jie Zheng, Yu-Hang Li, Hong Xu, Qian Wang, Yu-Chao Liu, Miao Liu et al. « Specific Link between Lung and Large Intestine : A New Perspective on Neuropeptide Secretion in Lung with Herbal Laxative Stimulation ». Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/547837.

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Background. To investigate the specific link between lung and large intestine.Methods. Rat COPD-like model was prepared. Mirabilite or Chinese rhubarb was administrated intragastrically to stimulate the large intestine. Histological analysis of lung inflammation was assessed. The tissues levels of SP, VIP, NK1R, VIPR1, and VIPR2 were measured by using ELISA kits. In addition, mouse model of allergic asthma was prepared. Mirabilite was administrated intragastrically to stimulate the large intestine. Airway responsiveness and lung inflammation were assessed. The tissues levels of SP, VIP, NKA, NKB, NK1R, VIPR1, and VIPR2 were measured by using ELISA kits.Results. Stimulating the intestine with Mangxiao or Dahuang, SP, NK-1R, VIP, VIPR1, and VIPR2 were significantly increased in intestine tissues of rats with COPD and mice with asthma. Meanwhile, the SP and NK1R were significantly decreased, while VIP, VIPR1, and VIPR2 were significantly increased in lung tissues. An abnormal secretion of SP and VIP can be observed in other tissues; however, no marked changes were found in the receptors. The NKA and NKB levels were similar in lung tissues of mice with asthma among groups.Conclusions. Stimulating intestine with Mangxiao or Dahuang can specifically regulate the secretion of SP, VIP, and the receptors in lung tissues.

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Muhartono, Muhartono, Suharyani Suharyani, Asep Sukohar, Arli Suryawinata et Silvia Andriani. « Effect of Annonaceous Sp. Ethanolic Extract on Transforming Growth Factor- Β (TGF- Β) Expression on MCF-7 Cells Line ». Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, n^o 6-S (15 décembre 2021) : 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i6-s.5214.

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Aims: To analyze effect of the Annonaceous sp. ethanolic extract to Transforming Growth Factor- β (TGF- β) expressions on MCF-7 cells line. Methods: This experimental analytic study used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three repetitions. The extract was dissolved in 1 ml of DMSO with a concentration of 0.1%. Furthermore, dilution was made with a dose of 0 µg / ml (K); 25 µg / ml (P1); 50 µg / ml (P2); 100 µg / ml (P3); 200 µg / ml (P4). MCF-7 cells line were cultured using RPMI 1640 Medium with 80 – 90% confluent. The ethanolic extract of Annonaceous sp. was exposed to MCF-7 cells for 48 hours. Analyze Transforming Growth Factor- β (TGF- β) level using ELISA Methods with λ=405 nm. Results: The results of the ELISA analysis show that the ethanolic extract of Annonaceous sp. has a potential effect of decreasing TGF- β expression on the sample with treatment on some concentration (p< 0,05). Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Annonaceous sp. has shown the potential effect to decreased of TGF- β level on MCF-7 cells line Keywords: Annonaceous sp ethanolic extract, TGF- β, MCF-7 cells line, anti-cancer

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De Silva, Nirmitha Lalindi, Viraji Nefertiti Hiromel De Silva, Arachchige Theja Hemapala Deerasinghe, Upeksha Lakmini Rathnapala, Hirotomo Kato, Makoto Itoh, Hidekazu Takagi, Mirani Vasanthamala Weerasooriya et Thishan Channa Yahathugoda. « Validation of an In-House ELISA Method in the Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania donovani in Hambantota District, Sri Lanka ». Microorganisms 10, n^o 5 (27 avril 2022) : 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050921.

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Clinical diagnosis has become a challenge amidst a surge of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Southern Sri Lanka. The routine diagnostic method, slit-skin smear (SSS), has variable sensitivity, leading to undiagnosed cases. Improved diagnostics are urgently needed. We assessed a new in-house ELISA method for its diagnostic capabilities against ITS-1 nested PCR (gold standard—Gs). A cohort of 190 clinical CL cases was examined by SSS microscopy, anti-rKRP42 IgG ELISA (serum- and urine-based), and rK39-Immunochromatographic strip test. Validation was done using non-endemic sera, and cutoffs were developed using the receiver operating curve. The sensitivity of SSS for case detection was 77.9% (authors) and 76.3% (technicians). ELISA vs. Gs demonstrated sensitivity (Sn) = 94.4%; specificity (Sp) = 50.0%; positive predictive value (PPV) = 97.1%; negative predictive value (NPV) = 33.3%; Kappa agreement (Kp) = 0.39/p < 0.01. Comparison of the combination method (SSS by technicians and ELISA) vs. Gs showed: Sn = 98.9%; Sp = 30.0; PPV = 96.2; NPV 60.0%; Kp = 0.378/p < 0.01. All methods performed better compared to SSS (29.4%) where the clinical diagnosis was doubtful (PCR = 94.15%; serum ELISA = 88.2%; combination = 94.1%; p < 0.01 for all). High serum anti-rKRP42 titers were seen in those with multiple lesions. Anti-rKRP42 urine ELISA was suboptimal as a diagnostic test. A 9% rate of positivity was seen for rk39-ICT, and positives recorded high anti-rKRP42 titers. The diagnostic accuracy can be increased above the level of the Gs by combining SSS and ELISA. Advanced studies are required to understand the association between rk39-ICT positivity and high anti-rKRP42 titers.

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Ni, Minjian, David J. Evans, Samuel Hawgood, E. Margot Anders, Robert A. Sack et Suzanne M. J. Fleiszig. « Surfactant Protein D Is Present in Human Tear Fluid and the Cornea and Inhibits Epithelial Cell Invasion by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ». Infection and Immunity 73, n^o 4 (avril 2005) : 2147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.4.2147-2156.2005.

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ABSTRACT We have previously shown that human tear fluid protects corneal epithelial cells against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo and that protection does not depend upon tear bacteriostatic activity. We sought to identify the responsible tear component(s). The hypothesis tested was that collectins (collagenous calcium-dependent lectins) were involved. Reflex tear fluid was collected from healthy human subjects and examined for collectin content by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot with antibody against surfactant protein D (SP-D), SP-A, or mannose-binding lectin (MBL). SP-D, but not SP-A or MBL, was detected by ELISA of human reflex tear fluid. Western blot analysis of whole tears and of high-performance liquid chromatography tear fractions confirmed the presence of SP-D, most of which eluted in the same fraction as immunoglobulin A. SP-D tear concentrations were calculated at ∼2 to 5 μg/ml. Depletion of SP-D with mannan-conjugated Sepharose or anti-SP-D antibody reduced the protective effect of tears against P. aeruginosa invasion. Recombinant human or mouse SP-D used alone reduced P. aeruginosa invasion of epithelial cells without detectable bacteriostatic activity or bacterial aggregation. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed SP-D antibody labeling throughout the corneal epithelium of normal, but not gene-targeted SP-D knockout mice. SP-D was also detected in vitro in cultured human and mouse corneal epithelial cells. In conclusion, SP-D is present in human tear fluid and in human and mouse corneal epithelia. SP-D is involved in human tear fluid protection against P. aeruginosa invasion. Whether SP-D plays other roles in the regulation of other innate or adaptive immune responses at the ocular surface, as it does in the airways, remains to be explored.

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McDonough, Patrick L., Richard H. Jacobson, John F. Timoney, Ahmed Mutalib, David C. Kradel, Yung-fu Chang, Sang J. Shin, Donald H. Lein, Susan Trock et Kaye Wheeler. « Interpretations of Antibody Responses toSalmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis gm Flagellin in Poultry Flocks Are Enhanced by a Kinetics-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ». Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 5, n^o 4 (1 juillet 1998) : 550–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.5.4.550-555.1998.

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ABSTRACT Many regulatory and diagnostic programs for the detection ofSalmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis infection in commercial poultry flocks have relied on rapid Pullorum agglutination tests to screen birds because of the shared antigens of S. enterica Enteritidis and S. enterica Pullorum and Gallinarum; however, the use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format affords better analytical sensitivity than crude agglutination tests. In this study, we adapted our earlier conventional indirect ELISA, using gm flagellin as the antigen, to a kinetics-based, computer-controlled ELISA (KELA). The KELA was used to screen for flagellin antibody from three commercial flocks: (i) a large flock involved in a U.S. Department of Agriculture trace back from a humanS. enterica Enteritidis foodborne outbreak (n = 3,209), (ii) a flock infected with the endemicS. enterica Enteritidis serotype but which also had multiple other salmonella serotypes (n = 65), and (iii) an S. enterica Pullorum-infected flock (n = 12). The first flock (S. entericaEnteritidis prevalence of 2.45% based on culture) provided a field test of the KELA and allowed the calculation of diagnostic sensitivity (D-Sn) and diagnostic specificity (D-Sp). With a cutoff of 10 (used for screening flocks [i.e., high sensitivity]), the KELA has a D-Sn of 95.2% and a D-Sp of 18.5%; with a cutoff of 140 (used in confirmatory flock testing [i.e., high specificity]), the KELA has a D-Sn of 28.0% and a D-Sp of 99.1%. We found that with a cutoff of 60 (D-Sn = 63.1%; D-Sp = 91.6%), we could eliminate reactions in the KELA caused by other non-S. enterica Enteritidis salmonellae. The KELA was also compared to two commercial rapid Pullorum tests, the Solvay (D-Sn = 94.9%; D-Sp = 55.5%) and the Vineland (D-Sn = 62.0%; D-Sp = 75.3%).

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Yoon, Bit-Na, Nan-Geum Choi, Hyun-Sun Lee, Kyu-Sup Cho et Hwan-Jung Roh. « Induction of Interleukin-8 from Nasal Epithelial Cells during Bacterial Infection : The Role of IL-8 for Neutrophil Recruitment in Chronic Rhinosinusitis ». Mediators of Inflammation 2010 (2010) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/813610.

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Objectives. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of IL-8 for neutrophil recruitment in nonallergic CRS patients.Methods. After coculture ofStreptococcus pneumoniae(SP) with the mucosal epithelial cells (MECs) from non-CRS patients, at three different SP/MEC (1/1, 10/1, 100/1) ratios, the expression of IL-8 mRNA and the concentration of IL-8 were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA. The expression of CD11b/CD18 on neutrophils and E-selectin/ICAM-1 on endothelial cells and the adherence between neutrophils and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were determined by flow cytometric analysis, ELISA, and RIA, respectively.Results. IL-8 concentration and IL-8 mRNA expression continued to increase from 3 hours after incubation in SP number-dependent manner. The expression of CD11b/CD18 on neutrophils and E-selectin/ICAM-1 on HUVECs, and the adherence between neutrophils and HUVECs were significantly increased in 10 SP/MEC-CM, and the increments were significantly blocked by anti-IL-8 antibody.Conclusion. MEC and IL-8 are major factors for neutrophil recruitment in nonallergic CRS.

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Timofeev, Alexei V., Ksenia A. Gorst, Valentin Y. Uvarov, Ekaterina A. Pronina, Alisa V. Vitebskaya, Anastasiya V. Popovich, Anatoliy N. Tiulpakov et al. « Diagnostic value of islet autoantibody assays practised in Russia. 1. Classic immunofluorescence islet cell antibody assay, immunoradiometric glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody assay, and ELISA tyrosine phosphatase antibody and insulin antibody assays. » Diabetes mellitus 19, n^o 4 (20 septembre 2016) : 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/8032.

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Objective. To estimate performance characteristics and diagnostic value of immunofluorescent islet cell antibody (ICA) assay, immunoradiometric glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) assay, and ELISA tyrosine phosphatase IA-2 antibody (IA-2A) and insulin antibody (IA) assays.Research Design and Methods. Antibodies were tested in 438 children and adolescents with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1, and in 891 subjects without DM type 1. ICA were determined by the classic indirect immunofluorescent method recommended by the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation International, GADA were determined with the Immunotech IRMA Anti-GAD kit, and IA-2A and IA were determined with Medizym Anti-IA2 and Orgentec Anti-Insulin ELISA kits, respectively. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the tests were estimated with contingency tables. Diagnostic accuracy was estimated from areas under receiver operating curves (AUC).Results. ICA test was of the greatest diagnostic value (Se=88%, Sp=96%, PPV=96%, NPV=94%, AUC=0,94), followed by IA-2A (Se=66%, Sp=98%, PPV=98%, NPV=59%, AUC=0,82) and GADA (Se=73%, Sp=84%, PPV=75%, NPV=83%, AUC=0,79). IA test exhibited a very low Se (4,3%) and lacked diagnostic accuracy (AUC=0,5).Conclusions. We recommend to use ICA, IA-2A and GADA tests surveyed in our study for diagnosis of DM type 1 and differential diagnosis of DM. We don’t recommend IA testing with an Orgentec Anti-Insulin ELISA kit for usage in clinical practice.

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Timofeev, Alexei V., Ksenia A. Gorst, Valentin Y. Uvarov, Ekaterina A. Pronina, Alisa V. Vitebskaya, Anastasiya V. Popovich, Anatoliy N. Tiulpakov et al. « Diagnostic value of islet autoantibody assays practised in Russia. 1. Classic immunofluorescence islet cell antibody assay, immunoradiometric glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody assay, and ELISA tyrosine phosphatase antibody and insulin antibody assays ». Diabetes mellitus 19, n^o 4 (20 septembre 2016) : 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/dm8032.

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Objective. To estimate performance characteristics and diagnostic value of immunofluorescent islet cell antibody (ICA) assay, immunoradiometric glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) assay, and ELISA tyrosine phosphatase IA-2 antibody (IA-2A) and insulin antibody (IA) assays.Research Design and Methods. Antibodies were tested in 438 children and adolescents with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1, and in 891 subjects without DM type 1. ICA were determined by the classic indirect immunofluorescent method recommended by the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation International, GADA were determined with the Immunotech IRMA Anti-GAD kit, and IA-2A and IA were determined with Medizym Anti-IA2 and Orgentec Anti-Insulin ELISA kits, respectively. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the tests were estimated with contingency tables. Diagnostic accuracy was estimated from areas under receiver operating curves (AUC).Results. ICA test was of the greatest diagnostic value (Se=88%, Sp=96%, PPV=96%, NPV=94%, AUC=0,94), followed by IA-2A (Se=66%, Sp=98%, PPV=98%, NPV=59%, AUC=0,82) and GADA (Se=73%, Sp=84%, PPV=75%, NPV=83%, AUC=0,79). IA test exhibited a very low Se (4,3%) and lacked diagnostic accuracy (AUC=0,5).Conclusions. We recommend to use ICA, IA-2A and GADA tests surveyed in our study for diagnosis of DM type 1 and differential diagnosis of DM. We don’t recommend IA testing with an Orgentec Anti-Insulin ELISA kit for usage in clinical practice.

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Jaroslav, Polák, Neubauerová Tereza, Komínek Petr et Kundu Jiban Kumar. « Reaction of transgenic plum cv. HoneySweet to the Plum pox virus after a severe infection of Monilinia sp. – short communication ». Plant Protection Science 55, No. 1 (20 novembre 2018) : 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/152/2017-pps.

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Resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV) in transgenic Prunus domestica L., clone C5 (cv. HoneySweet) was evaluated in a regulated field in the Czech Republic for fifteen years (2002–2016). PPV mild symptoms appeared in C5 trees only in several leaves situated close to the point of inoculum grafting up to 2010. No symptoms of PPV were observed in the years 2011–2013 and results of ELISA and RT-PCR detection tests were negative. In the twelfth year (2013), there was a severe unusual natural attack of plum trees by Monilinia sp. This Monilinia sp. attack occurred only one time – in 2013. There was no Monilinia sp. infection in 2002–2012 and in 2014–2016. Mild PPV symptoms reappeared in several leaves of transgenic plum trees in the next two years (2014–2015) and the presence of PPV was proved by DAS-ELISA and confirmed by RT-PCR.

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Manson, Ernest Z., Kyama C. Mutinda, Joseph K. Gikunju, Aleksandra Bocian, Konrad K. Hus, Vladimír Petrílla, Jaroslav Legáth et James H. Kimotho. « Development of an Inhibition Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Prototype for Detecting Cytotoxic Three-Finger Toxins (3FTxs) in African Spitting Cobra Venoms ». Molecules 27, n^o 3 (28 janvier 2022) : 888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030888.

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The administration of toxin-specific therapy in snake envenoming is predicated on improved diagnostic techniques capable of detecting specific venom toxins. Various serological tests have been used in detecting snakebite envenoming. Comparatively, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been shown to offer a wider practical application. We report an inhibition ELISA for detecting three-finger toxin (3FTx) proteins in venoms of African spitting cobras. The optimized assay detected 3FTxs in N. ashei (including other Naja sp.) venoms, spiked samples, and venom-challenged mice samples. In venoms of Naja sp., the assay showed inhibition, implying the detection of 3FTxs, but showed little or no inhibition in non-Naja sp. In mice-spiked samples, one-way ANOVA results showed that the observed inhibition was not statistically significant between spiked samples and negative control (p-value = 0.164). Similarly, the observed differences in inhibition between venom-challenged and negative control samples were not statistically significant (p-value = 0.9109). At an LOD of 0.01 µg/mL, the assay was able to confirm the presence of 3FTxs in the samples. Our results show a proof of concept for the use of an inhibition ELISA model as a tool for detecting 3FTxs in the venoms of African spitting cobra snakes.

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Yuqin, Deng, Tao Zezhang et Kong Yonggang. « R459 – Relation Between SPA And Symptoms Of Patients With AR And NP ». Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, n^o 2_suppl (août 2008) : P198—P199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.618.

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Problem The aim of this study was to examine if allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis are associated with the level of surfactant protein-A. Methods Sinus mucosal biopsies were performed in patients with allergic rhinitis(n=15), nasal polyposis(n=21) and controls(n=10). Immunolocalization of surfactant protein was performed with antibodies to SP-A using Streptavidin Peroxidase Conjugated Method and indirect immunofluorescence method. Blood serums were obtained from three subjects in each group for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis of surfactant protein-A. Results By ELISA, AR (n =15) and NP (n = 21) showed significantly decreased levels of SP-A when compared with controls (n= 10), although these two groups were not statistically significant. Immunohistochemical investigation showed intense SP-A staining in the nasal epithelium of each groups, but weak staining in patients with AR and NP. Conclusion We report for the first time the expression of SP-A in both diseased and normal nasal mucosa using the indirect immunofluorescence method. There was an inverse relation between surfactant protein-A levels and symptoms and signs of rhinitis in patients with AR and NP. Significance SP-A may play a defensive role in the chronic inflammatory diseases of upper airway. Understanding the exact role of SP-A in the upper airway diseases will help develop novel treatment approaches for sinonasal pathoses.

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Yuqin, Deng, Zezhang Tao et Yonggang Kong. « R460 – Relation Between SPA and Symptoms of Patients With AR and NP ». Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, n^o 2_suppl (août 2008) : P199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.619.

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Problem The aim of this study was to examine if allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis are associated with the level of surfactant protein-A. Methods Sinus mucosal biopsies were performed in patients with allergic rhinitis (n= 15), nasal polyposis (n=21) and controls (n= 10). Immunolocalization of surfactant protein was performed with antibodies to SP-A using Streptavidin Peroxidase Conjugated Method and indirect immunofluorescence method. Blood serums were obtained from three subjects in each group for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis of surfactant protein-A. Results By ELISA, AR (n =15) and NP (n = 21) showed significantly decreased levels of SP-A when compared with controls (n= 10), although these two groups were not statistically significant. Immunohistochemical investigation showed intense SP-A staining in the nasal epithelium of each groups, but weak staining in patients with AR and NP. Conclusion We report for the first time the expression of SP-A in both diseased and normal nasal mucosa using the indirect immunofluorescence method. There was an inverse relation between surfactant protein-A levels and symptoms and signs of rhinitis in patients with AR and NP. Significance SP-A may play a defensive role in the chronic inflammatory diseases of upper airway. Understanding the exact role of SP-A in the upper airway diseases will help develop novel treatment approaches for sinonasal pathoses.

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Blacksell, Stuart D., Ampai Tanganuchitcharnchai, Pruksa Nawtaisong, Pacharee Kantipong, Achara Laongnualpanich, Nicholas P. J. Day et Daniel H. Paris. « Diagnostic Accuracy of the InBios Scrub Typhus Detect Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay for the Detection of IgM Antibodies in Northern Thailand ». Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 23, n^o 2 (9 décembre 2015) : 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00553-15.

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ABSTRACTIn this study, we examined the diagnostic accuracy of the InBios Scrub Typhus Detect IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and determined the optimal diagnostic optical density (OD) cutoffs for screening and diagnostic applications based on prospectively collected, characterized samples from undifferentiated febrile illness patients in northern Thailand. Direct comparisons with the serological gold standard, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), revealed strong statistical correlation of ELISA OD values and IFA IgM titers. Determination of the optimal ELISA cutoff for seroepidemiology or screening purposes compared to the corresponding IFA reciprocal titer of 400 as previously described for Thailand was 0.60 OD, which corresponded to a sensitivity (Sn) of 84% and a specificity (Sp) of 98%. The diagnostic performance against the improved and more-stringent scrub typhus infection criteria (STIC), correcting for low false-positive IFA titers, resulted in an Sn of 93% and an Sp of 91% at an ELISA cutoff of 0.5 OD. This diagnostic ELISA cutoff corresponds to IFA reciprocal titers of 1,600 to 3,200, which greatly reduces the false-positive rates associated with low-positive IFA titers. These data are in congruence with the recently improved serodiagnostic positivity criteria using the Bayesian latent class modeling approach. In summary, the InBios Scrub Typhus Detect IgM ELISA is affordable and easy-to-use, with adequate diagnostic accuracy for screening and diagnostic purposes, and should be considered an improved alternative to the gold standard IFA for acute diagnosis. For broader application, regional cutoff validation and antigenic composition for consistent diagnostic accuracy should be considered.

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Edvinsson, Jacob CA, Philip V. Reducha, Majid Sheykhzade, Karin Warfvinge, Kristian A. Haanes et Lars Edvinsson. « Neurokinins and their receptors in the rat trigeminal system : Differential localization and release with implications for migraine pain ». Molecular Pain 17 (janvier 2021) : 174480692110594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17448069211059400.

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Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have both been considered potential drug candidates in migraine therapy. In recent years, CGRP receptor inhibition has been established as an effective treatment, in particular as a prophylactic for chronic migraine. Curiously, inhibition of neurokinin receptor 1 (NK1R) failed to alleviate acute migraine attacks in clinical trials, and the neurokinins were consequently abandoned as potential antimigraine candidates. The reason behind this has remained enigmatic. Utilizing immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative cell counts the expression of neurokinins and their associated receptors was examined in the rat trigeminal ganglion. Immunohistochemistry results revealed SP co-localization in CGRP positive neurons and C-fibres, where it mainly concentrated at boutons. Neurokinin A (NKA) was observed in a population of C-fibres and small neurons where it could co-localize with SP. In contrast, neurokinin B (NKB) did not co-localize with SP and was observed in large/medium sized neurons and Aδ-fibres. All neurokinin receptors (NK1-3R) were found to be expressed in a majority of trigeminal ganglion neurons and A-fibres. The functional release of SP and CGRP in the trigeminovascular system was stimulated with either 60 mM K+ or 100 nM capsaicin and measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ELISA results established that SP can be released locally from trigeminovascular system. The released SP was comparatively minor compared to the CGRP release from stimulated dura mater, trigeminal ganglion neurons and fibres. We hypothesize that SP and CGRP signalling pathways may work in tandem to exacerbate painful stimuli in the TGV system.

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Blacksell, Stuart, Hugh Kingston, Ampai Tanganuchitcharnchai, Meghna Phanichkrivalkosil, Mosharraf Hossain, Amir Hossain, Aniruddha Ghose et al. « Diagnostic Accuracy of the InBios Scrub Typhus Detect™ ELISA for the Detection of IgM Antibodies in Chittagong, Bangladesh ». Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 3, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2018) : 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed3030095.

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Here we estimated the accuracy of the InBios Scrub Typhus Detect™ immunoglobulin M (IgM) ELISA to determine the optimal optical density (OD) cut-off values for the diagnosis of scrub typhus. Patients with undifferentiated febrile illness from Chittagong, Bangladesh, provided samples for reference testing using (i) qPCR using the Orientia spp. 47-kDa htra gene, (ii) IFA ≥1:3200 on admission, (iii) immunofluorescence assay (IFA) ≥1:3200 on admission or 4-fold rise to ≥3200, and (iv) combination of PCR and IFA positivity. For sero-epidemiological purposes (ELISA vs. IFA ≥1:3200 on admission or 4-fold rise to ≥3200), the OD cut-off for admission samples was ≥1.25, resulting in a sensitivity (Sn) of 91.5 (95% confidence interval (95% CI: 96.8–82.5) and a specificity (Sp) of 92.4 (95% CI: 95.0–89.0), while for convalescent samples the OD cut-off was ≥1.50 with Sn of 66.0 (95% CI: 78.5–51.7) and Sp of 96.0 (95% CI: 98.3–92.3). Comparisons against comparator reference tests (ELISA vs. all tests including PCR) indicated the most appropriate cut-off OD to be within the range of 0.75–1.25. For admission samples, the best Sn/Sp compromise was at 1.25 OD (Sn 91.5%, Sp 92.4%) and for convalescent samples at 0.75 OD (Sn 69.8%, Sp 89.5%). A relatively high (stringent) diagnostic cut-off value provides increased diagnostic accuracy with high sensitivity and specificity in the majority of cases, while lowering the cut-off runs the risk of false positivity. This study underlines the need for regional assessment of new diagnostic tests according to the level of endemicity of the disease given the high levels of residual or cross-reacting antibodies in the general population.

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Blacksell, Stuart D., Ampai Tanganuchitcharnchai, Richard G. Jarman, Robert V. Gibbons, Daniel H. Paris, Mark S. Bailey, Nicholas P. J. Day, Ranjan Premaratna, David G. Lalloo et H. Janaka de Silva. « Poor Diagnostic Accuracy of Commercial Antibody-Based Assays for the Diagnosis of Acute Chikungunya Infection ». Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, n^o 10 (24 août 2011) : 1773–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.05288-11.

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ABSTRACTA Sri Lankan fever cohort (n= 292 patients; 17.8% prevalence) was used to assess two standard diagnostic Chikungunya IgM tests. The immunochromatographic test (ICT) acute sample sensitivity (SN) was 1.9 to 3.9%, and specificity (SP) was 92.5 to 95.0%. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) gave an acute sample SN of 3.9% and an SP of 92.5% and a convalescent sample SN of 84% and an SP of 91%. These assays are not suitable for the acute diagnosis of Chikungunya virus infection.

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Singhla, Tawatchai, Pallop Tankaew et Nattawooti Sthitmatee. « Validation of a Novel ELISA for the Diagnosis of Hemorrhagic Septicemia in Dairy Cattle from Thailand Using a Bayesian Approach ». Veterinary Sciences 7, n^o 4 (28 octobre 2020) : 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7040163.

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The objective of this study was to estimate sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test (using a coating antigen from Pasteurella multocida M-1404 via heat extraction) and an indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test for detection of Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) in dairy cows, under Thai conditions, using a Bayesian approach. Dairy cow sera with a total of 1236 samples from 44 farms were tested with the two tests to detect immune responses against the HS. Percentages of positive samples for the ELISA and IHA tests were 73% (901/1236) and 70% (860/1236), respectively. Estimated sensitivity and estimated specificity of the ELISA test were 90.5% (95% posterior probability interval (PPI) = 83.2–95.4%) and 70.8% (95% PPI = 60.8–79.8%), respectively. Additionally, estimates for the Se and Sp values of the IHA test were 77.0% (95% PPI = 70.8–84.1%) and 51.1% (PPI = 36.8–66.3%), respectively. The estimated prevalence of the disease was 71.7% (95% PPI = 62.7–82.6%). These results demonstrate that the ELISA test can be a useful tool for the detection of the presence of an antibody against the HS in dairy cows. Notably, the cows in this area indicated a high percentage of exposure to Pasteurella multocida.

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Duffy, M. S., K. A. Waldrup, C. G. Mackintosh, A. J. Pearse, M. J. Taylor, R. E. Labes et M. DB Burt. « Natural and experimental nematode infections in red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) and the potential for antemortem serodiagnosis of the tissue worm Elaphostrongylus cervi ». Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, n^o 12 (1 décembre 2001) : 2246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-187.

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Red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) were exposed to a variety of nematodes, either naturally on pasture (n = 12) or experimentally under controlled conditions (n = 30). Experimental exposures included a combination of one or more of Elaphostrongylus cervi, Dictyocaulus sp., and Muellerius capillaris. The prepatent period of E. cervi infections was 92133 days post exposure (dpe) in 12 deer each given 2042 infective larvae (L3) and maintained under controlled conditions. Adult E. cervi were recovered from all 12 animals at necropsy. The prepatent period of Dictyocaulus sp. was 2337 dpe in 10 deer each given 100 L3 and maintained under controlled conditions. Adult Dictyocaulus sp. were recovered from seven animals at necropsy. No animal exposed to 4254 M. capillaris L3 developed patent infections, nor were adult worms recovered at necropsy. There was no evidence of neurologic signs in any deer at any time during the experiment. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using somatic protein extracts of adult E. cervi or those from the closely related nematode Parelaphostrongylus tenuis was evaluated. Although the ELISA was sensitive, it lacked specificity with heterologous infections. However, the close phylogenetic relationship of E. cervi to P. tenuis, and our ELISA results, suggest that molecules from P. tenuis may represent a viable alternative source for use in the future development of a reliable antemortem serodiagnostic assay for E. cervi.

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Maciel, Marilene Oliveira dos Santos, Matheus Fujimura Soares, Sidnei Ferro Costa, Jaqueline Poleto Bragato, Jéssica Henrique de Freitas, Gabriela Lovizutto Venturin, Larissa Martins Melo, Gabriela Torres Rebech, Steve Reed et Valéria Marçal Felix de Lima. « Development of plasmonic ELISA for the detection of anti-Leishmania sp. IgG antibodies ». Journal of Immunological Methods 474 (novembre 2019) : 112664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2019.112664.

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Qin, Zhen, Zongjie Huang, Peng Pan, Yueyue Pan, Runze Zuo, Yu Sun et Xinyu Liu. « A Nitrocellulose Paper-Based Multi-Well Plate for Point-of-Care ELISA ». Micromachines 13, n^o 12 (16 décembre 2022) : 2232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122232.

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Low-cost diagnostic tools for point-of-care immunoassays, such as the paper-based enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), have become increasingly important, especially so in the recent COVID-19 pandemic. ELISA is the gold-standard antibody/antigen sensing method. This paper reports an easy-to-fabricate nitrocellulose (NC) paper plate, coupled with a desktop scanner for ELISA, which provides a higher protein immobilization efficiency than the conventional cellulose paper-based ELISA platforms. The experiments were performed using spiked samples for the direct ELISA of rabbit IgG with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.016 μg/mL, in a measurement range of 10 ng/mL to 1 mg/mL, and for the sandwich ELISA of sperm protein (SP-10) with an LOD of 88.8 ng/mL, in a measurement range of 1 ng/mL to 100 μg/mL. The described fabrication method, based on laser-cutting, is a highly flexible one-step laser micromachining process, which enables the rapid production of low-cost NC paper-based multi-well plates with different sizes for the ELISA measurements.

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Smolejová, Martina, Jana Krčmáriková, Iveta Cihová et Pavol Sulo. « Are ELISA and PCR Discrepancies in the Identification of Chlamydia pneumoniae Caused by the Presence of “Chlamydia-Related Bacteria” ? » Microorganisms 11, n^o 1 (11 janvier 2023) : 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010187.

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Chlamydia are Gram-negative, intracellular pathogens colonizing the epithelial mucosa. They cause primarily atypical pneumonia and have recently been associated with chronic diseases. Diagnostics rely almost exclusively on serological methods; PCR tests are used rarely because in patients with positive ELISA, it is nearly impossible to identify chlamydial DNA. To understand this issue, we elaborated a reliable and sensitive nested PCR method (panNPCR) for identifying all Chlamydiales species, not only in sputa, but also in clotted blood. Sequencing of the PCR product revealed that 41% of positive sputa samples and 66% of positive blood samples were not infected by Chlamydia but with “Chlamydia-related bacteria” such as Rhabdochlamydia sp., Parachlamydia sp., Protochlamydia sp., Neochlamydia sp., Mesochlamydia elodeae and lacustris, Piscichlamydia salmonis, and Estrella lausannensis. Consequently, we propose that there might be more than four human pathogenic Chlamydia species. We did not find any clear correlation between increased levels of antibodies and the presence of their DNA. Chlamydialles DNA was found in sputa samples from individuals positive for IgG or IgA but not in blood samples. Thus, elevated IgG and IgA levels are not reliable markers of chronic infection, and the presence of persistent forms should be proved by panNPCR. Apparently, the differences between ELISA and DNA amplification results have three main methodological reasons. The first one is the threshold occurrence of chlamydial genetic material in sputum and blood. The second one is the fact that a significant part of the samples can have DNA with sequences different from those of other species of the order Chlamydiales. The third one is the high background characteristic for ELISA, the absence of paired sera, and the vague interpretation of the gray zone.

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Chida, Shoichi, David S. Phelps, Roger F. Soll et H. William Taeusch. « Surfactant Proteins and Anti-Surfactant Antibodies in Sera from Infants With Respiratory Distress Syndrome With and Without Surfactant Treatment ». Pediatrics 88, n^o 1 (1 juillet 1991) : 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.88.1.84.

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The presence of surfactant protein antigenemia and of surfactant protein antibodies was determined in serum from surfactant-treated and control infants with respiratory distress syndrome who were enrolled in a prospective randomized clinical trial. The surfactant used for treatment (surfactant TA) contained surfactant proteins (SPs) B and C and no SP-A. Enzymelinked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) that identify surfactant-associated proteins and ELISAs that identify IgG or IgM directed against surfactant proteins were used to investigate sera from these infants obtained prior to treatment, at 1 week of age, and at 2 months of age. There were no significant differences between average values in the surfactant-treated and control groups at each time period. However, in the control group, averaged results from ELISAs that identify SP-A and that identify IgM antibodies to SP-A or to SP-B,C showed significant differences between pretreatment sera and sera obtained at 1 week of age. No significant differences were noted in averaged results for IgG. Positive ELISA values were more frequently found in the control group than in the surfactant-treated group with regard to SP-A, and IgM against SP-A and SP-B,C in sera from neonates at 1 week of age. No positive ELISA values were found in sera from infants at 2 months of age. It is concluded that some patients with severe respiratory distress syndrome presumably leak surfactant proteins into the circulation and that this induces transient low titers of IgM antibody. This occurrence is decreased with surfactant treatment. Surfactant treatment may reduce leak of surfactant proteins into the vascular space by reducing lung damage.

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Andrey, Diego O., Patrick Cohen, Benjamin Meyer, Giulia Torriani, Sabine Yerly, Lena Mazza, Adrien Calame et al. « Head-to-Head Accuracy Comparison of Three Commercial COVID-19 IgM/IgG Serology Rapid Tests ». Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, n^o 8 (24 juillet 2020) : 2369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082369.

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Background: Comparative data of SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG serology rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) is scarce. We thus performed a head-to-head comparison of three RDTs. Methods: In this unmatched case-control study, blood samples from 41 RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases and 50 negative controls were studied. The diagnostic accuracy of three commercially available COVID-19 RDTs: NTBIO (RDT-A), Orient-Gene (RDT-B), and MEDsan (RDT-C), against both a recombinant spike-expressing immunofluorescence assay (rIFA) and Euroimmun IgG ELISA, was assessed. RDT results concordant with the reference methods, and between whole blood and plasma, were established by the Kendall coefficient. Results: COVID-19 cases’ median time from RT-PCR to serology was 22 days (interquartile range (IQR) 13–31 days). Whole-blood IgG detection with RDT-A, -B, and -C showed 0.93, 0.83, and 0.98 concordance with rIFA. Against rIFA, RDT-A sensitivity (SN) was 92% (95% CI: 78–98) and specificity (SP) 100% (95% CI: 91–100), RDT-B showed 87% SN (95% CI: 72–95) and 98% SP (95% CI: 88–100), and RDT-C 100% SN (95% CI: 88–100) and 98% SP (95% CI: 88–100). Against ELISA, SN and SP were above 90% for all three RDTs. Conclusions: RDT-A and RDT-C displayed IgG detection SN and SP above 90% in whole blood. These RDTs could be considered in the absence of routine diagnostic serology facilities.

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Suteky, Tatik. « Current State in The Diagnosis of Blood Parasite Babesia sp ». Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia 2, n^o 1 (26 février 2007) : 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jspi.id.2.1.1-4.

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ABSTRAKBabesiosis merupakan penyakit parasit yang disebabkan oleh Babesia sp tidak hanya menyerang berbagai spesies hewan tetapi juga pada manusia. Kasus babesiosis pada orang yang disebabkan oleh Babesia microti telah dilaporkan diberbagai negara. Diagnosis untuk Babesia biasanya dilakukan secara mikroskopis dengan preparat apus darah, namun dengan metode ini sering tidak menunjukkan hasil akurat sehingga metode lain perlu dikembangkan. Metode seperti sub inokulasi pada hewan percobaan dan Quantitative Buffy Coat (QBC) System, dianggap kurang praktis, tes serologi seperti dengan IFAT dan ELISA yang telah dikembangkan dan mudah untuk di standarisasi menunjukkan spesifitas dan sensitivitas yang tinggi. Penggunaan Immunobloting untuk mendiagnosis babesiosis terhadap 24 pasien menunjukkan spesifitas 99% dan prediksi positif serta prediksi negatif sebesar 96 % dan 99 %.Kata Kunci : Babesiosis, diagnosis, IFAT, ELISA dan Immunobloting

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Roldán, William H., Yrma A. Espinoza, Pedro E. Huapaya, Alina F. Huiza, Carlos R. Sevilla et Susana Jiménez. « Frequency of human toxocariasis in a rural population from Cajamarca, Peru determined by DOT-ELISA test ». Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 51, n^o 2 (avril 2009) : 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652009000200002.

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The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of human toxocariasis in Cauday district, Cajamarca, Peru, using a dot-ELISA test. From June to October 2005, a total of 256 adult subjects were studied. Blood samples were collected for serology by a dot-ELISA test and for hematological examination. Parasitological examination was also carried out in stool samples to check cross-reactions in the dot-ELISA. The frequency observed was 44.92%, with a significant higher proportion of positivity in male subjects. From subjects with positive serology, 45.6% had respiratory symptoms, 40.44% abdominal pain, 32.35% hepatic symptoms, 14.7% cutaneous signs, 13.23% ocular manifestations, 43.38% eosinophilia, and all of these were statistically associated to serology. Among the population evaluated, 90.23% (231/256) were parasitized. From subjects with positive serology, 92.17% had at least one intestinal parasite and the most frequent were: Blastocystis hominis (68.38%), Giardia lamblia (28.68%), Hymenolepis nana (20.0%), Ascaris lumbricoides (15.65%), Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (13.24%), Cyclospora cayetanensis (4.41%), Cryptosporidium sp. (1.47%), Enterobius vermicularis (0.87%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.87%), Taenia sp. (0.87%), and Trichuris trichiura (0.87%). The rate of false positives in the dot-ELISA test was improved by serum absorption each with A. suum antigens, with a decrease of cross-reactions. In conclusion, human toxocariasis is highly frequent in this population and some risk factors like dog/cat ownership, presence of pets within house, and previous history of geophagia were observed in the present study.

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SCHMIDT, REINHOLD, WOLFRAM STEINHILBER, CLEMENS RUPPERT, CHRISTINA DAUM, FRIEDRICH GRIMMINGER, WERNER SEEGER et ANDREAS GÜNTHER. « An ELISA Technique for Quantification of Surfactant Apoprotein (SP)-C in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ». American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 165, n^o 4 (15 février 2002) : 470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.165.4.2102080.

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Krämer, H. J., R. Schmidt, A. Günther, G. Becker, Y. Suzuki et W. Seeger. « ELISA technique for quantification of surfactant protein B (SP-B) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. » American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 152, n^o 5 (novembre 1995) : 1540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.152.5.7582290.

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Dilger, I., G. Schwedler, S. Janßen et J. W. Dudenhausen. « Messung der hydrophoben Surfactant-Proteine SP-B und SP-C im Fruchtwasser mit einem Kompetitions-ELISA als Beitrag zur antenatalen Lungenreifediagnostik ». Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 254, n^o 1-4 (décembre 1993) : 1451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02266472.

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Susantoputro, Septian Hakim, Lucia Tri Suwanti, Rahadju Ernawati, Mufasirin Mufasirin, Setiawan Koesdarto, Wiwiek Tyasningsih et Heni Puspitasari. « Blastocystis sp. : Evaluation of polyclonal antibody prepared from crude protein for serological diagnosis using Rabbit serum ». Aceh Journal of Animal Science 5, n^o 2 (4 août 2020) : 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/ajas.5.2.16780.

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The diagnosis of Blastocystis infection is still based on the clinical sign which is not specific and there is no available serologic test for it. This study aimed to evaluate the polyclonal antibody prepared form crude protein of Blastocystis for the development of the Blastocystis serological test. Crude protein was extracted from the yeast of Blastocystis sp, then inoculated into rabbits to produce the antibody of crude protein. The serum of rabbits would be collected before and after immunization to compare the antibody titer. The profile of crude protein was analyzed using SDS-Page. The rabbit serum was analyzed using ELISA and Western Blot. The SDS-Page result showed bands in 100 kDa, 90 kDa, 70 kDa, 60 kDa, 58 kDa, 50 kDa, 40 kDa, 35 kDa, 30 kDa and 27 kDa. The ELISA assay showed that there was an increase in antibody titer of crude protein after immunization. Western Blot showed that three proteins (30 kDa, 40 kDa and 50 kDa) having immunogenicity characteristic. It is concluded that protein 30 kDa, 40 kDa and 50 kDa prepared from the crude protein of Blastocystis sp. can be used for developing a serologic test for Blastocystis infection. Keywords: Blastocystis sp, Crude Protein, Polyclonal Antibody .

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Távora, Mariane Pinto Fernandes, Maria Angélica Vieira da Costa Pereira, Valmir Laurentino Silva et Gilmar Ferreira Vita. « Estudo de validação comparativo entre as técnicas Elisa e RIFI para diagnosticar Leishmania sp em cães errantes apreendidos no município de Campos dos Goytacazes, Estado do Rio de Janeiro ». Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 40, n^o 4 (août 2007) : 482–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822007000400023.

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Foi realizada uma pesquisa objetivando-se verificar a eficácia do teste ELISA, para detecção de anticorpos contra Leishmania sp em cães, comparando-o com o RIFI, padrão em humanos, e investigar a situação sorológica desta zoonose na microrregião. Os testes tiveram uma concordância de 97,6%, classificada como forte.

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Husin, Syarif, Ardesy Melizah, Syifa Alkaff et Rachmat Hidayat. « The Probiotic Bacterium Isolated from Bekasam (Traditional Fermented Food), Lactobacillus Sp. Induces Activation of Gut Mucosal Immune System in Rat ». Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, n^o 21 (12 octobre 2019) : 3530–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.790.

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BACKGROUND: Bekasam is one of the traditional foods in South Sumatra, Indonesia, a mixture of fermented fish containing Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus sp. Non-commensal bacteria and probiotics can induce intestinal mucosal immune responses. AIM: This pilot study aimed to see the efficacy of Lactobacillus sp. to the immune response of the intestinal mucosa by assessing the levels of IgA in the intestinal fluid and markers of T cell populations, such as CD4 and CD8 in the intestinal mucosa. METHODS: This study was an in vivo experimental study. As many as 30 rats were grouped into 3 treatment groups (doses 107, 108, and 109 CFU/rat/day, for 7 days) and 2 groups of controls (negative control, 10% non-fat milk, and positive control, Lactobacillus casei 108 CFU/rat/day for 7 days). At the end of the treatment, the intestinal mucosa was taken to examine the levels of IgA, CD4 and CD8 using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method, according to the manuals of each ELISA kit. All displays of research data were presented with means ± SD. T-test was used to assess the significance of differences. RESULTS: Secretion of Ig A increased with the addition of Lactobacillus sp. from bekasam. Administration of Lactobacillus sp. yielded no effect on helper T cell level (CD4 markers), as well as on cytotoxic T cell levels (CD8 markers). CONCLUSION: Lactobacillus sp. probiotic from bekasam improved the intestinal mucosal immune system by increasing the production of Ig A, but exhibited no effect on T lymphocyte cells. by increasing the production of Ig A, but exhibited no effect on T lymphocyte cells.

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Silva, L. E., C. P. Gotardi, R. Vizzotto, J. D. Kich et M. R. I. Cardoso. « Infecção por Salmonella enterica em suínos criados em um sistema integrado de produção do sul do Brasil ». Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 58, n^o 4 (août 2006) : 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352006000400001.

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Avaliou-se a difusão da infecção em um rebanho com prévio isolamento de Salmonella sp, em que leitões, individualmente identificados, foram amostrados para excreção fecal de Salmonella sp e sorologia do nascimento ao abate. Da mesma forma, amostras de ração e suabes do ambiente foram coletados durante o estudo para pesquisa de Salmonella sp A pesquisa de anticorpos foi realizada pela utilização de ELISA-LPS de Salmonella Typhimurium. Os leitões foram negativos na análise bacteriológica e na sorologia até a fase de creche, tornando-se positivos para Salmonella sp no início da terminação. Nessa amostragem, 28,6% dos animais foram soropositivos e 75% estavam excretando Salmonella sp nas fezes. Ao abate, a percentagem de animais soropositivos (76,9%) aumentou, enquanto o isolamento de Salmonella sp ocorreu em 19,2% dos suínos. Foi isolada Salmonella sp de duas das 26 amostras de ração. A contaminação do ambiente da terminação ocorreu apenas após o alojamento dos animais. Concluiu-se que a terminação foi o ponto crítico de contaminação desse lote, sendo a ração uma fonte de contaminação.

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