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1
Winahyu, Nastiti, et Rita Nurmalina. « PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KEDELAI DI DESA SUKASIRNA KECAMATAN SUKALUYU KABUPATEN CIANJUR ». Forum Agribisnis 5, no 1 (18 juillet 2017) : 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.5.1.67-87.
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Soybean is one of important food crops in Indonesia after rice and corn. The necessity of dried soybean in the country has not been able to sufficient the demand, so the old pods cultivation and productivity still need to be enhanced. The purpose of this research are to examine the variability, analyze farm income, as well as to analyze the ratio between revenue and cost (R/C) of the old and young pod soybean in Sukasirna Village, Sukaluyu District, Cianjur Regency. The analysis of this research are descriptive and quantitative analysis, namely income analysis and R/C ratio. Farm income over the total cost of old pod soybean is positive and beneficial for cultivated. While the loss occurs in young pod soybean shown with revenue over total costs is negative. Based on the analysis of R/C is known that the benefits derived from old pod soybean larger than the young pod. Results of t-test shows that t count against the total income does not differ significantly between old pod soybean and young pod soybean. This study shows that the farmer prefer to do old pod soybean farming than young pod soybean.
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Sundararaman, Vijaya P., Martina V. Strömvik et Lila O. Vodkin. « A Putative Defective Interfering RNA from Bean pod mottle virus ». Plant Disease 84, no 12 (décembre 2000) : 1309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.12.1309.
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A putative defective interfering (DI) RNA from the Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) was discovered by screening of random cDNA clones in a soybean cDNA library. This was unexpected because the library was constructed from mRNA of visually healthy soybean pods. The insert in the cDNA clone, VS-16, is not present in the soybean genome but showed strong mRNA expression in pod tissue of soybean and in bean leaf beetles collected in the field. Analysis of the VS-16 sequence reveals that it has significant homology to the 3.66-kb BPMV RNA-2. A 2-kb region has been deleted in VS-16, and other regions of the viral RNA genome have been rearranged to yield a putative defective interfering RNA (DI RNA) of 1.35 kb. The three regions of VS-16 are 95.8, 77.8, and 85.6% identical at the nucleotide level to the corresponding regions of BPMV RNA-2. This is the first report of a DI RNA from the comovirus group of plant viruses. It may be helpful in antivirus efforts for soybean, especially since there are increasing numbers of reports of BPMV in soybeans in the midwestern United States.
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Krisnawati, Ayda, Andy Soegianto, Budi Waluyo et Kuswanto Kuswanto. « The pod shattering resistance of soybean lines based on the shattering incidence and severity ». Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 56, No. 3 (22 juin 2020) : 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/20/2020-cjgpb.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The study is aimed at evaluating the pod shattering resistance of F<sub>8</sub> soybean lines based on the shattering incidence and shattering severity. The materials consist of fourteen F<sub>8</sub> soybean lines and two check cultivars. The pod shattering incidence was examined by using the oven-dry method, meanwhile, the shattering severity was evaluated based on the severity of the pod opening. The pod shattering resistance based on the shattering incidence resulted in five resistant lines (7–10% shattering), seven moderate lines (13–23% shattering), one susceptible line (53% shattering), and one very susceptible line (100% shattering). The pod shattering resistance based on the shattering severity showed that the pod opening on the ventral side differed between the lines and between the shattering degree, and it tends to form sigmoid curves with a different peak position for each shattering degree. The shattering severity of the resistant, moderate, and susceptible lines reached a peak at 60 °C, 50 °C, and 40 °C, respectively. A longer pod length indicated by the length of the dorsal (r = 0.827**) and ventral (r = 0.880**) sides of the pod, a higher total pod weight (0.827**), and a larger seed size (0.794**) will increase the degree of susceptibility to pod shattering. Those characteristics were considered to be the ones that should be used as the selection criteria in the breeding programme for pod shattering resistance in soybeans.
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Dorrance, A. E., D. T. Gordon, A. F. Schmitthenner et C. R. Grau. « First Report of Bean pod mottle virus in Soybean in Ohio ». Plant Disease 85, no 9 (septembre 2001) : 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.9.1029a.
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Soybean has been increasing in importance and acreage over wheat and corn for the past decade in Ohio and is now planted on 4.5 million acres. Previous surveys in Ohio of viruses infecting soybean failed to identify Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) and soybean virus diseases have rarely caused economic losses (1). During 1999, producers in Ohio noticed virus-like symptoms in soybeans in a few isolated locations. Soybeans with green stems, undersized and “turned up pods” were collected from Union, Wood and Wyandot Counties during October 1999 and soybeans with crinkled, mottled leaves were collected in Henry, Licking and Sandusky during August 2000. Five to six plants were collected from a single field from each county each year. In 1999, samples were sent to the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where one symptomatic leaflet/sample was ground in 3 ml of chilled phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.2). Leaf sap was placed in 1.5-ml centrifuge tubes and stored at 4°C for 24 h. Sap was assayed for the presence of BPMV using an alkaline phosphatase-labeled double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS ELISA) for BPMV (AgDia Inc., Elkhart, IN). All samples tested were positive for BPMV. Samples collected in 1999 were also maintained at The Ohio State University in Harosoy soybean and in 2000 assayed serologically along with samples collected in 2000 for BPMV and Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) by ELISA and for Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) and Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) by a host-range symptom assay; SMV, BYMV and TRSV had been identified from soybean in previous Ohio surveys. Soybean leaf samples were assayed using F(ab′)2-Protein A ELISA with antiserum prepared in 1968 to a southern U.S. isolate of BPMV and to an Ohio isolate of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) prepared in 1967, both stored at −20°C. Diseased and non-symptomatic soybean leaf samples were ground in 4 ml 0.025M Tris pH 8.0, 0.015M NaCl and 0.05% Tween 20. Extracts were tested for BPMV and SMV by ELISA following a protocol described elsewhere (2). All of the samples collected during 1999 and maintained in the greenhouse tested positive for both BPMV and SMV while all of those samples collected during 2000 tested positive for BPMV and negative for SMV. Host-range symptom assays were conducted with leaf extracts prepared by grinding 1 g tissue:10 ml potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. Extracts were inoculated by leaf rub method to Harosoy soybean, Phaseolus vulgaris cvs. Red Kidney and Bountiful, cowpea, and cucumber. The host-range symptom assays of both the 1999 and 2000 samples were negative for TRSV and BYMV; cowpea failed to express local lesions and cucumber systemic mosaic characteristic of TRSV infection and the two Phaseolus cultivars the yellow mosaic characteristic of BYMV infection. These results indicate that both BPMV and SMV were present in the samples in 1999 but only BPMV in 2000. The distribution of BPMV within Ohio and economic impact of this virus have yet to be determined. This is the first report of BPMV in Ohio. References: (1) A. F. Schmitthenner and D. T. Gordon. Phytopathology 59:1048, 1969. (2) R. Louie et al. Plant Dis. 84:1133–1139, 2000.
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Li, Wenjing, Yu Gao, Yinglu Hu, Juhong Chen, Jinping Zhang et Shusen Shi. « Field Cage Assessment of Feeding Damage by Riptortus pedestris on Soybeans in China ». Insects 12, no 3 (17 mars 2021) : 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12030255.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, is a major pest of soybeans. In order to assess the critical stages of soybean damage by R. pedestris, we tested the damage to soybeans at different growth stages (R2, R4, and R6) caused by five densities of R. pedestris (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) through a field cage experiment. The results show that the R4 stage was the most sensitive stage in terms of suffering R. pedestris injury damage, followed by the R6 stage and then the R2 stage. The number of stay green leaves was 7.04 per plant, the abortive pod rate of the soybeans was 56.36%, and the abortive seed rate of the soybeans was 46.69%. The dry weight of the soybeans was 14.20 g at the R4 stage; these values of R4 were significantly higher than at the R2 and R6 stages. However, the dry weight of soybean seed was 4.27 g and the nutrient transfer rate was 27.01% in the R4 stage; these values were significantly lower than in the R2 and R6 stages. The number of stay green leaves, abortive pod rates, and abortive seed rates were all increased significantly with increasing pest density at each stage of soybean growth. However, the nutrient transfer rate was significantly decreased with the increase in the pest density. Soybean nutrition factors changed after they suffered R. pedestris injury; the lipid content of the soybean seed decreased and the lipid content of the soybean plant increased compared to controls, when tested with a density of five R. pedestris in the R4 stage. These results will be beneficial to the future management of R. pedestris in soybean fields.
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Egli, Dennis B., et W. P. Bruening. « Temporal profiles of pod production and pod set in soybean ». European Journal of Agronomy 24, no 1 (janvier 2006) : 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2005.04.006.
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Bayu, Marida Santi Yudha Ika, et Yusmani Prayogo. « RESISTANCE OF SOYBEAN GENOTYPES WITH LARGE SEED SIZE AND EARLY MATURITY AGAINST POD BORER, Etiella zinckenella TREITSCHKE ». JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 19, no 2 (17 octobre 2019) : 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.219135-142.
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Pod borer is a major pest on soybean. The objective of this study was to determine the resistance of soybean genotypes against pod borer based on choice test. The experiment was conducted in green house and laboratory of Entomology, Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute, using Randomized Block Design with 16 soybean genotypes and three replicates. Planting dates was arranged such a way so as to sincronize the flowering time and pod formation of 16 soybean genotypes. A pairs of 4 days emerged adult pod borer were infested into each plant at R4 stage (21 days after flowering) for two days. The number of egg was observed at 2 days after infestation (DAI) and the number of larva and damaged intensity were observed at 14 DAI. The results showed that genotypes significantly affected egg and larval population, pod and seed damage intensity. The lowest egg and larval population found on Anjasmoro, 6,33 eggs and 10 individuals, respectively. The lowest intensity of pod damage found on Anjasmoro (27,74%), and the lowest intensity of seed damage found on Malabar/Sinabung-68 (15,61%). The resistance of soybean genotypes was non-preference as place to lay eggs and as feed. In conclusion, there were two genotypes showed consistently resistant (Anjasmoro and Malabar/Sinabung-68). These genotypes could be used as a source of genes for varietal improvement of soybean resistance against pod borer.
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Krisnawati, Ayda, Marida Santi Yudha Ika Bayu et Moch Muchlish Adie. « Identification of Soybean Resistance to Pod Sucking Bug (Riptortus linearis) by No-Choice Test ». Biosaintifika : Journal of Biology & ; Biology Education 8, no 3 (29 novembre 2016) : 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v8i3.5180.
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<p>Soybean pod damaged by pod sucking bug (<em>Riptortus linearis</em>) is one of the constraint within soybean yield improvement in Indonesia. The research aimed was to identify the resistance of soybean genotypes to pod sucking pest. The experiment was conducted in Iletri’s screen house from March to June 2015. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Completely Block Design using 10 soybean genotypes with three replicates. The soybean resistance was evaluated using no-choice test. Data collected on number of pod/plant, number of seed/plant, seed weight per plant, number of attacked pod/plant, and number of attacked seed/plant. The result showed that the lowest percentage both of pod and seed damage was G511H/Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-2-8, that was 25.83 % and 19.12 %, respectively. Based on the value of the percentage of seed damage, there were five susceptible genotypes, three moderately resistant, and two resistant genotypes. Based on the value of the percentage of pod damage, showed four susceptible genotypes, five moderately resistant, and a resistant genotype. G511H/Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-2-8 was the only resistant genotype, and it could be used as a genetic source in the improvement of soybean resistance to pod sucking bug.</p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong></p><p>Krisnawati, A., Bayu, M. S. Y. I. & Adie, M. M. (2016). Identification of Soybean Resistance to Pod Sucking Bug (<em>Riptortus linearis</em>) by No-Choice Test. <em>Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education</em>, 8(3), 407-414. </p>
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Yukawa, J., N. Uechi, M. Horikiri et M. Tuda. « Description of the soybean pod gall midge, Asphondylia yushimai sp. n. (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae), a major pest of soybean and findings of host alternation ». Bulletin of Entomological Research 93, no 1 (janvier 2003) : 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ber2002218.
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AbstractThe soybean pod gall midge is an important pest of soybean in Japan and is known to occur also in Indonesia and China. This gall midge is described from Japan as Asphondylia yushimaisp. n. and is clearly distinguished from its congeners by the arrangement of the lower frontal horns of the pupa and the sequence of the mtDNA COI region. It is concluded that Prunus zippeliana Miquel is a winter host of the soybean pod gall midge since haplotypes of the soybean pod gall midge coincide with those of the Prunus fruit gall midge that produces fruit galls on P. zippeliana. In addition, phenological and distributional information on the two gall midges and on their host plants supports the identification of the winter host. In Japan, the soybean pod gall midge overwinters as a first instar in the fruit galls on P. zippeliana and emerges as an adult from the galls in May. In summer and autumn, the soybean pod gall midge has two or more generations in the pods of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill or wild fabaceous and caesalpiniaceous plants. Thus host alternation by A. yushimai is confirmed. This is the second finding of host alternation by a species of Asphondylia, the first instance being that of Asphondylia gennadii (Marchal) in Cyprus.
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Sultana, D., MN Bari, MA Karim, MAB Mia et RR Sarker. « Variation in Morphological Characters and Yield Attributes of Five Selected Soybean Genotypes ». Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 8, no 2 (29 février 2016) : 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v8i2.26873.
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A field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during November 2013 to March 2014. Four soybean genotypes i.e BU Soybean1, BD2329, BD2331, AGS313 and a check variety BARI Soybean 6 were used to evaluate their variations in morphological characters and yield attributes. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The highest LAI (4.4) was found in genotype AGS313 and the smallest was found in BU Soyabean1. The highest pod size of 625 mg pod-1 was found in AGS313 while the lowest of 340 mg pod-1 was observed in BU Soybean1. Although BU Soyabean1 had smaller seed size but it had higher number of pods plant-1 (32.1) compared to other genotypes. The maximum 100-seed weight was recorded in AGS313 (16.34 g) and the minimum was obtained from the genotype BU Soybean1 (11.0 g). AGS313 genotype contributed to the highest grain yield of 4.29 tha-1, while BU Soyabean1 stood second position contributing 2.65 tha-1. Results also indicated that not only seed size but also number of pods plant-1 contributed to grain yield. Again there were highly significant differences among genotypes for all the characters.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 93-96 2015
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Gao, Xiu-Bing, Can Guo, Feng-Min Li, Ming Li et Jin He. « High Soybean Yield and Drought Adaptation Being Associated with Canopy Architecture, Water Uptake, and Root Traits ». Agronomy 10, no 4 (24 avril 2020) : 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040608.
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Water stress is the main abiotic factor that limits soybean grain yield. We investigated eight soybean cultivars under well-watered (WW) and terminal drought stress (TDS) conditions to determine the traits associated with water saving and the relationship between water use, root morphology, canopy architecture, flower and tagged-pod number, and yield performance. Under WW conditions, the average grain yield across the new soybean cultivars was significantly higher (18.7 g plant−1 vs. 15.1 g plant−1), but significantly less water was used (36 L plant−1 vs. 47 L plant−1) than in the old soybean cultivars. Under TDS, the four old soybean cultivars failed to produce a measurable grain yield, while the new soybean cultivars Zhonghuang 30 (ZH) and Jindou 19 (J19) produced a measurable grain yield. Water stress significantly reduced the flower numbers and tagged-pod numbers; the four new soybean cultivars on average had low flower and tagged-pod numbers under WW treatment, while they had low flower but high tagged-pod numbers under TDS conditions. ZH and JD exhibited a lower branch number and leaf area under both WW and TDS conditions. Water use during the flowering and podding periods was significantly positively correlated with the flower number and the tagged-pod number under both WW and TDS conditions. Thus, the small canopy size and low root length and root surface area contributed to a water-saving mechanism in the new soybean cultivars and improved the yield under drought conditions.
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BORTOLOTTO, ORCIAL C., ADENEY F. BUENO, KARLA BRAGA, GUSTAVO C. BARBOSA et ALISSON SANZOVO. « Biological characteristics of Heliothis virescens fed with Bt-soybean MON 87701 × MON 89788 and its conventional isoline ». Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86, no 2 (juin 2014) : 973–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420130495.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study aimed to evaluate the larval biology of Heliothis virescens in soybean MON 87701 x MON 89788 and its isogenic non-Bt. In general, the impact of soybean MON 87701 x MON 89788 on H. virescens was evidenced in all bioassays, 100% larval mortality, independent of the structure (leaf or pod) consumed by the pest. The small larvae (1st and 3rdinstar) demonstrated that they were unable to damage fresh pods of soybean, regardless of whether Bt or not Bt. The large larvae (5th instar) fed on soybean MON 87701 x MON 89788 soybeans consumed three times less compared to larvae fed on non-Bt soybeans, and resulted in reduced longevity and larval survival. When soybean plants were infested with 5th instar larvae, H. virescens caused injuries in the steams of the conventional soybean. It was recorded that the insects moves quickly to this region of the plant. However the soybean MON 87701 x MON 89788 was an effective tool in controlling H. virescens.
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Liu, Fulai, Mathias N. Andersen et Christian R. Jensen. « Loss of pod set caused by drought stress is associated with water status and ABA content of reproductive structures in soybean ». Functional Plant Biology 30, no 3 (2003) : 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp02185.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Drought stress occurring during flowering and early pod expansion decreases pod set in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). The failure of pod set may be associated with changes in water status and ABA content in soybean reproductive structures under drought stress. To test this, pot experiments in an environmentally-controlled greenhouse were conducted, in which soybeans were exposed to drought stress around anthesis. In a preliminary experiment (Expt. I), irrigation was withheld at –6 (D1), –4 (D2) and –2 (D3) to 11 days after anthesis (DAA), then the droughted plants were re-watered to control levels until physiological maturity. Pod set percentage, seed yield and yield components were recorded. In the main experiment (Expt. II), irrigation was withheld from –11 to 10�DAA. During the drying cycle, parts of the droughted plants were re-watered at 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10 DAA and kept well-watered until physiological maturity. In Expt. II, water status, ABA contents in xylem sap, leaves, flowers and pods were measured at 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10 DAA. The water potential in the flowers and pods was always lower than the leaf water potential. Turgor was decreased in leaves by drought 3 DAA, but remained at control levels in flowers and pods. Compared with well-watered plants, in severely droughted plants (10 DAA), xylem [ABA] increased about 60-fold; leaf [ABA] increased 9-fold; pod [ABA] increased 6-fold. During soil drying, flower and pod [ABA] was linearly correlated with xylem [ABA] and leaf [ABA], indicating that root-originated ABA and/or leaf ABA were the likely sources of ABA accumulated in the flowers and pods. In Expt. I, pod set and seed number per pod was unaffected by drought stress, while seed yield and individual seed weight was significantly decreased by drought. In Expt. II, significant reductions in pod set and seed yield were observed when re-watering the droughted plants at 3–5 DAA, re-watering the droughted plants later than this stage resulted in a similar pod set. Collectively, these results suggest that drought-induced decrease in water potential and increase in ABA content in flowers and pods at critical developmental stage (3–5 DAA) contribute to pod abortion in soybean.
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Asadi, NFN. « Sidik Lintas Karakter Agronomi dan Ketahanan Hama Pengisap Polong terhadap Hasil Plasma Nutfah Kedelai ». Buletin Plasma Nutfah 18, no 1 (11 octobre 2016) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/blpn.v18n1.2012.p1-8.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<p>Path Analysis of Agronomic Characters and Resistance to Pod Sucker Bug on Yield of Soybean Germplasm. Asadi. Soybean productivity was still low and unstable that commonly caused by pest attack and disease. Pod sucking insect pest is most serious pest of soybean that reduce seed production. Riptortus linearis is the most dominant pest of pod sucking bug of soybean. Planting of resistant variety is one of the biological control. To support the soybean breeding program for pod sucking pest resistance, the availability of sources of resistance genes is needed. Sources of resistance genes are obtained by evaluating and identifying of soybean germplasm. Based on soybean germplasm evaluation, it can be identified sources of resistance genes that can be used as the base material of soybean breeding programs for pod sucking pest resistance. How influence of independent variable (Xi) such as agronomic characters and resistance to pod sucking on seed yield as the dependent variable (Yi) of soybean germplasm, can be estimated by path analysis. By knowing the characters that influence the seed yield directly, so the character is going to be used for selection of soybean yield of germplasm. Based on 103 evaluations of soybean germplasm, as much as 5 accessions (B3778, B4400, B3802, B4176, and B2973) were identified as the resistant accessions, while accessions B4142, B4417 (Panderman), and the B3462 were most susceptible to pest of pod sucking bug. The seed size or pod size of soybean germplasm correlated positively and significantly on resistance to pod sucking bug. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the plant height (X3), and pod sucking bug attack (X7) significantly affect seed yield of soybean germplasm. The higher plant, the lower pod sucking bug attack, the higher soybean yield. Path analysis showed that plant high character (X3) affected the seed yield of soybean germplasm directly, indicating that the plant high character can be used for the selection of seed yield of soybean germplasm. Number of pods per plant (X5) by the effect of plant high (X3) affects the grain yield (Y) of soybean germplasm indirectly.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Produktivitas kedelai yang masih rendah dan beragam disebabkan antara lain oleh masih tingginya serangan hama dan penyakit. Pengisap polong tergolong hama utama yang cukup serius mempengaruhi hasil kedelai. Reptortus linearis merupakan hama yang paling dominan menyerang tanaman kedelai. Penggunaan varietas tahan merupakan salah satu cara pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan. Untuk mendukung program pemuliaan kedelai terhadap ketahanan hama pengisap polong, ketersediaan sumber gen tahan sangat diperlukan. Sumber gen tahan diperoleh dengan cara mengevaluasi dan mengidentifikasi sejumlah plasma nutfah kedelai yang tersedia. Dari hasil evaluasi diharapkan akan teridentifikasi sumber gen tahan yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar untuk program pemuliaan kedelai terhadap ketahanan hama pengisap polong. Sebarapa jauh pengaruh karakter agronomi dan ketahanan terhadap hama pengisap polong sebagai variabel bebas (Xi) terhadap hasil biji sebagai variabel tak bebas (Yi) pada plasma nutfah kedelai dapat diketahui melalui analisis lintasan. Dengan mengetahui karakter yang berpengaruh langsung terhadap hasil, maka karakter tersebut dapat digunakan untuk seleksi terhadap hasil kedelai. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi 103 plasma nutfah kedelai, sebanyak lima aksesi telah diidentifikasi (B3778, B4400, B3802, B4176, dan B2973) sebagai aksesi yang tahan, sedangkan aksesi B4142, B4417 (Panderman), dan B3462 termasuk paling rentan terhadap hama pengisap polong. Ukuran biji yang dicerminkan oleh besarnya polong berkorelasi positif dan nyata dengan kerentanan terhadap hama pengisap polong. Analisis regresi berganda mengindikasikan bahwa tinggi tanaman (X3) dan tingkat serangan hama pengisap polong (X7) berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil biji kedelai. Semakin tinggi tanaman dan semakin rendah serangan hama pengisap polong maka semakin tinggi hasil. Analisis sidik lintas menunjukkan bahwa sumbangan tinggi tanaman (X3) besar dalam menentukan hasil (Y). Artinya, karakter tinggi tanaman dapat digunakan untuk seleksi terhadap hasil biji kedelai. Jumlah polong per tanaman (X5) tidak langsung menentukan hasil biji (Y) kedelai dengan adanya peran tinggi tanaman (X3).</p>
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Beckett, Thomas H., et Edward W. Stoller. « Volunteer Corn (Zea mays) Interference in Soybeans (Glycine max) ». Weed Science 36, no 2 (mars 1988) : 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500074658.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Volunteer corn (Zea maysL. # ZEAMX) is a troublesome weed in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] grown in the Corn Belt. Field studies were conducted in 1983 and 1984 at Champaign, IL, to determine the soybean growth and yield parameters affected by volunteer corn interference. Soybean yield was inversely and linearly related to volunteer corn clump density, with yield losses reaching 25% at 5380 clumps/ha (10 plants/clump). Volunteer corn clumps of 1, 4, 7, and 10 plants reduced soybean yields by 6, 16, 21, and 22%, respectively, at a density of 5380 clumps/ha. Treatments of either the butyl ester of fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy] propanoic acid} or glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] were applied at various dates between 2 and 12 weeks after soybean emergence (WAE) to a volunteer corn infestation of 5380 clumps/ha (10 plants/clump). Volunteer corn caused soybean yield losses of 2, 6, 12, 19, and 27% when herbicides were applied at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 WAE, respectively. Volunteer corn interference reduced soybean seed yield, plant dry weight, pod number, seed number, leaf fresh weight, and leaf area index, within 40 cm of a clump of 10 volunteer corn plants. A clump of 10 volunteer corn plants reduced soybean pod number/plant within a radius of 86 cm.
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Ralle, Andi, et St Subaedah. « Respon Kedelai Hitam terhadap Berbagai Jenis Pupuk Organik ». Agrotechnology Research Journal 4, no 1 (25 juin 2020) : 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v4i1.36430.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Increased productivity of black soybeans continues to be pursued by improving appropriate cultivation technologies, including by providing organic fertilizer. This research aimed to assessing the response of growth and production of black soybean plants to various types of organic fertilizers. The study was conducted in the form of a field experiment in Gowa Regency from March-June 2019. The experiment was designed with a randomized completed block design consisting of four treatments, namely: without organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer from rice straw, organic fertilizer from banana stems and organic fertilizer from gamal leaves. Each treatment was repeated four times, so as to get 16 experimental units. The parameters observed were plant height, number of pods per plant, pod weight per plant and pod weight per plot. The results showed that the administration of organic fertilizers obtained better growth and production of black soybeans. Fertilization with organic fertilizer from Gamal leaves obtained the highest yield of black soybean seeds, 2.46 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>.
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Bayu, Marida Santi Yudha Ika, Ayda Krisnawati et M. Muchlish Adie. « RESPON GENOTIPE KEDELAI BIJI BESAR DAN UMUR GENJAH TERHADAP KOMPLEKS HAMA PENGISAP POLONG ». JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 17, no 2 (1 octobre 2017) : 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.217128-136.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Response of large seed size and early maturing soybean genotypes against pod sucking bugs complex. Pod sucking bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is the most detrimental pest on soybean in Indonesia. These pest attacks caused the decreasing of quality and quantity of yield as well as decreased seed germination. The use of resistant varieties is an alternative control which is environmentally friendly. The objective of this study was to determine the response of various soybean genotypes against pod sucking complex in the field. The experiment was conducted on June to September 2015 in Pasuruan, East Java. The treatment was arranged in randomized block design, 16 treatments with three replicates. The treatment consists of 14 soybean promising lines (G 511 H/Anj//Anj///Anj-11-2, G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-6, G 511 H/Anj//Anj///Anj-7-1, G 511 H/Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-5-1, G 511 H/Argom//Argom-2-1, G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-4, G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-2, G 511 H/Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-2-8, G 511 H/Arg//Arg///Arg///Arg-12-15, G 511 H/Anj// Anj///Anj-6-3, G 511 H/Arg//Arg///Arg///Arg-19-7, G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-7, G 511 H/Anj//Anj///Anj////Anjs-6-7, G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-4-2), and two varieties (Anjasmoro and Grobogan). The results showed that the differences in soybean genotypes significantly influence the intensity of damaged pod and seed caused by pod sucking bugs. The intensity of damaged pod was 29.8–64.0% per plant. The intensity of damaged seed was 13.2-63.9% per plant. The number of puncture was 1.2-1.6 punctures per pod and 0.6-2.7 punctures per seed. Based on the intensity of damaged pod and seed, genotipe G 511 H/Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-2-8, G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-2, and G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-6 were indicated consistently as moderately resistance against pod sucking complex. Those three genotypes could be use as a source of genes to improve the resistance of soybean against pod sucking bug.
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Hunt, David, Robert Foottit, Dana Gagnier et Tracey Baute. « First Canadian records of Aphis glycines (Hemiptera : Aphididae) ». Canadian Entomologist 135, no 6 (décembre 2003) : 879–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n03-027.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsamura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a pest of soybeans in the People's Republic of China, Korea, Thailand, Japan, North Borneo, Malaya, and the Philippines (Blackman and Eastop 2000). It was first identified in North America in 2000 from soybean fields in 10 states in the north-central United States of America, although the route of entry and time of introduction are not known (North Central Regional Pest Alert 2001). Dai and Fan (1991) reported that yield losses caused by soybean aphids on soybeans in the People's Republic of China were greater when the crop was infested soon after planting, and the presence of large populations of the aphid throughout the growing season resulted in 20%–30% yield losses. The soybean aphid can also transmit several viruses that infect soybeans in North America, including alfalfa mosaic, soybean mosaic, bean yellow mosaic, peanut mottle, peanut stunt, and peanut stripe (Hartman et al. 2001). In North America, the soybean aphid is known to transmit soybean mosaic virus and alfalfa mosiac virus (Hill et al. 2001). A survey of Ontario soybean fields revealed the presence of tobacco ring spot virus, soybean mosiac virus, and bean pod mottle virus (Michelutti et al. 2001); all of which could potentially be spread by this newly introduced aphid.
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Luan, Hexiang, Haopeng Niu, Jinyan Luo et Haijian Zhi. « Soybean Cytochrome b5 Is a Restriction Factor for Soybean Mosaic Virus ». Viruses 11, no 6 (11 juin 2019) : 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11060546.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most destructive viral diseases in soybeans (Glycine max). In this study, an interaction between the SMV P3 protein and cytochrome b5 was detected by yeast two-hybrid assay, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay showed that the interaction took place at the cell periphery. Further, the interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation analysis. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that GmCYB5 gene was differentially expressed in resistant and susceptible soybean plants after inoculation with SMV-SC15 strain. To test the involvement of this gene in SMV resistance, the GmCYB5 was silenced using a bean pod mottle virus (BPMV)-based vector construct. Results showed that GmCYB5-1 was 83% and 99% downregulated in susceptible (NN1138-2) and resistant (RN-9) cultivars, respectively, compared to the empty vector-treated plants. Silencing of GmCYB5 gene promotes SMV replication in soybean plants. Our results suggest that during SMV infection, the host CYB5 protein targets P3 protein to inhibit its proliferation. Taken together, these results suggest that CYB5 is an important factor in SMV infection and replication in soybeans, which could help soybean breeders develop SMV resistant soybean cultivars.
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Duppong, Lisa M., et Harlene Hatterman-Valenti. « Yield and Quality of Vegetable Soybean Cultivars for Production in North Dakota ». HortTechnology 15, no 4 (janvier 2005) : 896–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.4.0896.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Vegetable soybeans (Glycine max), the same species as field-dried soybeans, have similar production requirements and good market potential for commercial producers in upper midwestern United States. Five vegetable soybean cultivars were tested for yield and quality characteristics and to assess the necessity of field irrigation during 2003 and 2004 in North Dakota. Cultivars of different maturity dates were evaluated for stand densities, pod production, seed weight, and marketable yield. Total marketable yields varied between the years, ranging from 5773 to 10,118 lb/acre. Lower yields in 2003 were attributed to significantly lower population stands caused by poor germination conditions. `Envy', the earliest maturing cultivar, produced a significantly smaller seed size, while `Sayamusume' produced a greater seed size than the other cultivars both years. `Butterbean', `IA1010', and `IA2062' yielded greater percentages of three-bean pods than the other two cultivars each growing season. Irrigation did not increase the marketable pod yield or the quality variables examined each season; thus it appears that rainfall during the growing season may be adequate for vegetable soybean production in this region.
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Nataraj, V., N. Pandey, R. Ramteke, P. Verghese, R. Reddy, T. Onkarappa, S. P. Mehtre et al. « GGE biplot analysis of vegetable type soybean genotypes under multi-environmental conditions in India ». Journal of Environmental Biology 42, no 2 (1 mars 2021) : 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/2/mrn-1405.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Aim: To understand the magnitude and pattern of genotype-environment interaction in vegetable type soybeans and to identify mega environment(s) and best performing genotype(s) across environments. Methodology: Five vegetable type soybean genotypes were evaluated across five geographical locations viz., Indore, Parbhani, Adilabad, Bengaluru and Pune, during rainy season of 2018. Genotypes were grown in a plot size of 1.35 x 3 m2 in three replications in randomized block design. Data on green pod yield, green seed test weight, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and plant height were recorded using standard methods. GGE biplot analysis was performed using software “GGE Biplot version 7.0”. Results: In the present investigation, except in case of green seed test weight, in remaining four traits, major portion of variation was contributed by location (52.95-79.4%) followed by genotype (17.7-42.7%) and genotype x location interaction (2.21-4.29%). Through GGE biplot analysis, Bengaluru was found to be near ideal environment and genotypes Karune and Harasoya were found to be the best performers across the locations with respect to green pod yield. Interpretation: Bengaluru was found to be near ideal environment for vegetable type soybean evaluation. Selection for genotypes having wider adaptability can be conducted at this location. Genotypes Karune and Harasoya were found to be the best performers with respect to green pod yield. These two genotypes can be included as parents for breeding as vegetable type soybean. Key words: GEE biplot, Multienvironmental analyses, Soybean genotypes
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Romkaew, Jutamas, Teruhisa Umezaki, Kenya Suzuki et Yuichi Nagaya. « Pod Dehiscence in Relation to Pod Position and Moisture Content in Soybean ». Plant Production Science 10, no 3 (janvier 2007) : 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1626/pps.10.292.
Texte intégral
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Romkaew, Jutamas, Yuichi Nagaya, Masakazu Goto, Kanya Suzuki et Teruhisa Umezaki. « Pod Dehiscence in Relation to Chemical Components of Pod Shell in Soybean ». Plant Production Science 11, no 3 (janvier 2008) : 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1626/pps.11.278.
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Egli, Dennis B., et William P. Bruening. « Shade and Temporal Distribution of Pod Production and Pod Set in Soybean ». Crop Science 45, no 5 (septembre 2005) : 1764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.0557.
Texte intégral
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Tiwari, S. « Characters of Pod Anatomy Associated with Resistance to Pod-Shattering in Soybean ». Annals of Botany 76, no 5 (novembre 1995) : 483–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1995.1123.
Texte intégral
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Seo, Jeong-Hyun, Beom-Kyu Kang, Sanjeev K. Dhungana, Jae-Hyeon Oh, Man-Soo Choi, Ji-Hee Park, Sang-Ouk Shin et al. « QTL Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis for Pod Shattering Tolerance in Soybean (Glycine max) ». Plants 9, no 9 (8 septembre 2020) : 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9091163.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Pod shattering is an important reproductive process in many wild species. However, pod shattering at the maturing stage can result in severe yield loss. The objectives of this study were to discover quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for pod shattering using two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived from an elite cultivar having pod shattering tolerance, namely “Daewonkong”, and to predict novel candidate QTL/genes involved in pod shattering based on their allele patterns. We found several QTLs with more than 10% phenotypic variance explained (PVE) on seven different chromosomes and found a novel candidate QTL on chromosome 16 (qPS-DS16-1) from the allele patterns in the QTL region. Out of the 41 annotated genes in the QTL region, six were found to contain SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism)/indel variations in the coding sequence of the parents compared to the soybean reference genome. Among the six potential candidate genes, Glyma.16g076600, one of the genes with known function, showed a highly differential expression levels between the tolerant and susceptible parents in the growth stages R3 to R6. Further, Glyma.16g076600 is a homolog of AT4G19230 in Arabidopsis, whose function is related to abscisic acid catabolism. The results provide useful information to understand the genetic mechanism of pod shattering and could be used for improving the efficiency of marker-assisted selection for developing varieties of soybeans tolerant to pod shattering.
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Sikora, Edward J., John F. Murphy et Kassie N. Conner. « Monitoring Bean pod mottle virus and Soybean mosaic virus Incidence at Different Soybean Growth Stages in Alabama ». Plant Health Progress 18, no 3 (1 janvier 2017) : 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-03-17-0012-br.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study focuses on Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) and Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) incidence over time relative to stages of plant growth in selected fields in Alabama. Five commercial soybean fields in west-central Alabama were surveyed for BPMV and SMV in 2010-2012 and 2014. Incidence of BPMV was typically highest at crop maturity. Incidence of 10% or higher was recorded at full bloom in at least one field in each year of the study, but incidence did not exceed 23% at bloom in any field with one exception. SMV was not detected at high levels during this study and incidence above 10% at full bloom was recorded for only one field. Results from this study, combined with observations from a previous statewide survey, indicate that BPMV is the most common virus disease of soybeans in Alabama. BPMV has the potential to cause yield loss in years when bean leaf beetles, its most important vector, are present at high levels early in the season when infection of soybean prior to flowering is possible. Results also suggest that SMV incidence in soybean in Alabama is low in most years and the disease might not pose a significant threat to soybean production at this time, especially in the absence of high populations of soybean aphids in the state.
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Ziems, Amy D., Loren J. Giesler, George L. Graef, Margaret G. Redinbaugh, Jean L. Vacha, SueAnn Berry, Laurence V. Madden et Anne E. Dorrance. « Response of Soybean Cultivars to Bean pod mottle virus Infection ». Plant Disease 91, no 6 (juin 2007) : 719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-6-0719.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) has become increasingly common in soybean throughout the north-central region of the United States. Yield loss assessments on southern soybean germplasm have reported reductions ranging from 3 to 52%. Currently, no soybean cultivars have been identified with resistance to BPMV. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of BPMV infection on soybean cultivars representing a broad range of northern soybean germ-plasm by comparing inoculated and noninoculated soybean plants in paired row studies. In all, 30 and 24 cultivars were evaluated in Nebraska (NE) in which soybean plants were inoculated at the V3 to V4 growth stage. Eleven cultivars from public and breeding lines were inoculated at the VC and R5 to R6 growth stages in Ohio (OH). Disease severity, yield, and percent seed coat mottling were assessed at both locations, whereas protein and oil content also were assessed at NE. Yield and percent seed coat mottling was significantly reduced following inoculation at the VC (OH) and V3 to V4 (NE) growth stages. In addition, seed oil and protein composition were impacted in 1 of the 2 years of the study. This study demonstrates that substantial yield losses can occur in soybean due to BPMV infection. In addition, protein and oil may be affected depending on the environment during the production season.
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Chakma, N., PK Biswas et M. Hasanuzzaman. « Growth, Flower Dropping, Pod Set and Yield Response of Soybean Varieties as Affected by Suplemental Fertilizer Spray at Flowering ». Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 23, no 2 (15 mars 2021) : 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v23i2.52460.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A field experiment was conducted during the period from January to May 2014 to study the response of growth, flower dropping, pod setting and yield of two soybean varieties to foliar fertilization of urea at early stage of flowering. Soybean varieties, BARI Soybean-5 and BARI Soybean-6, were feeded with four supplemental foliar spray treatments of fertilizer, viz. M1: Control i.e., no additional nutrient spray; M2: 20% of recommended urea spray at flowering; M3: 20% dose of the recommended MoP; and M4: 20% dose of the recommended DAP at early flowering stage. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. There was no significant effect of variety, fertilization spray or their interaction observed on growth parameters. However, flower and pod dropping was affected with higher flower dropping (55.2%) in BARI Soybean-5 and maximum pod dropping (16.44%) with DAP spray treatment. Higher yield attributes’ values such as seeds pod-1 (2.42), seed yield (1.18 t ha-1), stover yield (1.02 t ha-1), and biological yield (2.21 t ha-1) were obtained with foliar DAP spray treatment. The interaction of BARI Soybean-5 and foliar DAP spray showed the highest seed yield (1.48 t ha-1), stover yield (1.26 t ha-1) and biological yield (2.75 t ha-1).
Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(2): 111-117
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Herlina, Lina, Bonjok Istiaji, Dodin Koswanudin et Sutoro Sutoro. « RESISTANT LEVEL OF SOYBEAN GERMPLASM AGAINST POD SUCKING BUGS (Riptortus spp.) ». Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 22, no 1 (9 juillet 2021) : 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v22n1.2021.p39-57.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<p class="abstrakinggris">Increasing productivity of soybean has often been constrained by pod sucking bugs (<em>Riptortus</em> spp.) which caused a serious damage and yield losses up to 80%. Breeding for obtaining soybean variety resistant to pod suckers needs the availability of soybean germplasm resistant to the pest. The study aimed to obtain a candidate for soybean variety resistant to Riptortus spp. through the selection of 100 accessions of soybean. The study included the preparation of test plants and test insects, pest infestations, observations, and looking for a practical screening method for pod sucking pests. The experiment used a completely randomized design for two treatments (infested and non-infested <em>Riptortus</em> spp.). Cikuray variety and PI-092734 accession were used as a control. Results showed that there was a very low correlation among variables observed. Twelve soybean accessions showed a resistance to <em>Riptortus </em>spp., i.e. C7301-113AC-POP, Lokal Madiun-3549, Lokal Klungkung, ML.2974, Singgalang, Lokal Jepara, Lokal Jatim, Lokal Trenggalek, Lokal Tulungagung, Lokal Tabanan, Lokal Blitar, and Lokal Kuningan 10. These accessions were more resistant than the popular released variety such as Wilis, Grobogan, Detam 2, and Gepak Ijo. Small seed size was not a major determinant of soybean resistance to pod suckers. The addition of observational components, i.e. probing preference and oviposition, indicated that crop damage was indirectly influenced by the high frequency of probing and oviposition, although its relation to plant tolerant mechanisms still needs further investigation. Indeterminate plant types require further validation as to whether they contribute significantly to plant resistance against pod sucking insects.</p>
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Wicks, Gail A., et Robert N. Klein. « Feasibility of Non-irrigated Soybean (Glycine max) Production in the Semi-arid Central Great Plains ». Weed Technology 5, no 2 (juin 1991) : 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00028256.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We conducted research to determine if soybeans can be grown successfully in a no-till environment, in the semi-arid areas of the central Great Plains near North Platte, NE. Soybeans planted no-till into winter wheat stubble that was sprayed with glyphosate yielded more than when planted into soil that was rototilled in a winter wheat-soybean-fallow rotation. However, grain yield averaged only 420 kg ha-1during 1975, 1976, and 1977. No-till soybean grown in a winter wheat-grain sorghum-soybean rotation during 1982 through 1985 yielded an average of 1370 kg ha-1. Low yields were associated with lack of precipitation during the fallow period after winter wheat harvest or grain sorghum harvest and during the soybean pod elongation and filling period. Several herbicides gave excellent weed control in soybeans when applied either after wheat harvest, early preplant, or at planting time. None of the herbicides persisted long enough to reduce grain yields of winter wheat planted into the soybean residue. With present production costs these nonirrigated rotations are not economical in the semi-arid region of the central Great Plains of the United States.
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Naeem, Li, Yan, Raza, Gong, Chen, Yang et al. « Characterization and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Species Associated with Soybean Pods in Maize/Soybean Strip Intercropping ». Pathogens 8, no 4 (19 novembre 2019) : 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8040245.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Intercropping has been considered as a kind of a sustainable agricultural cropping system. In southwest China, maize/soybean strip intercropping has commonly been practised under local limited agricultural land resources. However, heavy rainfall in combination with high humidity and low temperatures cause severe pod and seed deterioration in the maturity and pre-harvesting stages of intercropped soybean. Numerous Fusarium species have been reported as the dominant pathogens of soybean root rot, seedling blight, as well as pod field mold in this area. However, the diversity and pathogenicity of Fusarium species on soybean pods remain unclear. In the current study, diseased soybean pods were collected during the cropping season of 2018 from five different intercropped soybean producing areas. A total of 83 Fusarium isolates were isolated and identified as F. fujikuroi, F. graminearum, F. proliferatum, and F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of EF1-α and RPB2 genes. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that all Fusarium species were pathogenic to seeds of the intercropped soybean cultivar Nandou12. Fusarium fujikuroi had the maximum disease severity, with a significant reduction of seed germination rate, root length, and seed weight, followed by F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. proliferatum, and F. incarnatum. Additionally, the diversity of Fusarium species on soybean pods was also considerably distinct according to the geographical origin and soybean varieties. Thus, the findings of the current study will be helpful for the management and resistance breeding of soybean pod decay in the maize/soybean intercropping system.
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Krisnawati, Ayda, et Mochammad Muchlish Adie. « Evaluation of Soybean Resistance to Pod-Sucking Bug, Riptortus linearis F. and Performance of its Agronomic Characters ». Biosaintifika : Journal of Biology & ; Biology Education 10, no 1 (2 avril 2018) : 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.12806.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Pod sucking bug, Riptortus linearis, is the most damaging soybean pest in Indonesia. A total of 24 soybean genotypes was identified for their resistance to pod sucking bug. The objective of the study was to classifying the resistance of some soybean genotypes against pod sucking pests. The research was conducted during the second dry season (July - October) 2016 in Ngale Research Station, East Java, Indonesia. The experimental design was arranged in randomized block design with five times repetition and two types of environment (full crop protection and controlled until 50 days of planting/dap). The resistance to pod sucking bug was evaluated based on seed damage, pod damage, and seed weight. The grouping of resistance was by using Chiang & Talekar’s method (1980). A very high natural population of pod sucking bug was recorded in the research area as seen from the average number of damaged pod in full protection environment (L1) and insecticide control until 50 dap (L2), i.e. 41.45% and 60.16%, respectively. Genotype of G511H/Anj//Anj-2-8 was consistently resistant to pod sucking bug in L1 as well as L2. This genotype also had early days to maturity (78 days) and large seed size (15.57 g/100 seed), thus potentially to be developed in tropical area of Indonesia. The availability of genotype with such characteristics is in accordance with farmers’ preference and also important to minimize yield losses.
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Nie, Ying, Da-qing Wang, Guang Zhao, Song Yu et Hong-yan Wang. « Effects of Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-Transgenic Soybean on Phosphatase Activities and Rhizospheric Bacterial Community of the Saline-Alkali Soil ». BioMed Research International 2016 (2016) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4904087.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The development of transgenic soybean has produced numerous economic benefits; however the potential impact of root exudates upon soil ecological systems and rhizospheric soil microbial diversity has also received intensive attention. In the present study, the influence of saline-alkali tolerant transgenic soybean of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase on bacterial community structure and soil phosphatase during growth stages was investigated. The results showed that, compared with nontransgenic soybean as a control, the rhizospheric soil pH of transgenic soybean significantly decreased at the seedling stage. Compared to HN35, organic P content was 13.5% and 25.4% greater at the pod-filling stage and maturity, respectively. The acid phosphatase activity of SRTS was significantly better than HN35 by 12.74% at seedling, 14.03% at flowering, and 59.29% at podding, while alkaline phosphatase achieved maximum activity in the flowering stage and was markedly lower than HN35 by 13.25% at pod-filling. The 454 pyrosequencing technique was employed to investigate bacterial diversity, with a total of 25,499 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) obtained from the 10 samples. Notably, the effect of SRTS on microbial richness and diversity of rhizospheric soil was marked at the stage of podding and pod-filling. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla among all samples. Compared with HN35, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was lower by 2.01%, 2.06%, and 5.28% at the stage of seedling, at pod-bearing, and at maturity. In genus level, the relative abundance of Gp6,Sphingomonassp., and GP4 was significantly inhibited by SRTS at the stage of pod-bearing and pod-filling.
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Michelutti, R., J. C. Tu, D. W. A. Hunt, D. Gagnier, T. R. Anderson, T. W. Welacky et A. U. Tenuta. « First Report of Bean pod mottle virus in Soybean in Canada ». Plant Disease 86, no 3 (mars 2002) : 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.3.330a.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In 2001, soybean fields were surveyed to determine the incidence of viruses because soybean aphids (Aphis glycines Matsamura), known to transmit Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) (2), were found in Ontario. In addition, bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma trifurcata Forster) was found during 2000 to be contaminated with Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV), although soybean plants, on which the beetles were feeding, tested negative (3). In the current survey, young soybean leaves were selected at random in July and August from 20 plants per site at growth stages R4 to R5 (1) from 415 sites representing the entire soybean-producing area in Ontario. Samples were maintained under cool conditions until received at the laboratory, where they were promptly processed. A combined sub-sample was obtained from the 20 plants per site. The 415 sub-samples were tested for SMV, BPMV, Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), and Tobacco streak virus (TSV) using polyclonal antibody kits for double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) (Agdia Inc., Elkart, IN). The ELISA plates were read with a plate reader (MRX, Dynex Technologies Inc., Chantilly, VA), and results were analyzed using ELISA software (Leading Edge Research, Merrickville, Ontario) and compared positive and negative controls (Agdia). TRSV was detected in one sample from Essex County and another sample from Middlesex County. SMV, BPMV, and TSV were not found in commercial soybean fields. However, SMV and BPMV were found in samples originating from two soybean breeding nurseries, one in Essex County and one in Kent County. Seedlings of soybean cv. Williams 82 were inoculated in the greenhouse with sap from leaf samples that tested positive for BPMV. Leaves of plants that developed mosaic symptoms were retested using ELISA and confirmed to be positive for BPMV. SMV and TRSV have been found previously in commercial soybean fields in Ontario (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of BPMV on soybean plants in Canada. References: (1) W. R. Fehr et al. Merr. Crop. Sci. 11:929, 1971. (2) J. H. Hill et al. Plant Dis. 85:561, 2001. (3) A. U. Tenuta. Crop Pest. 5 (11):8, 2000. (4) J. C. Tu. Can. J. Plant Sci. 66:491, 1986.
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Akhsan, Ni'matuljannah. « Application Of Vegetable Insecticide With Swamp Plant On Soybeanbork Pest Inland Of Tidal Swamp ». Agrifarm : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian 9, no 2 (11 décembre 2020) : 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/ajip.v9i2.934.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ABSTRACT
The aim of this research is to control environmentally friendly soybean pod borer by utilizing plants in swamps as a vegetable insecticide, namely Kepayang (Pangiumedule). The study was conducted on tidal land in the Village of Kiri Dalam, Barambai District, Barito Kuala Regency, South Kalimantan Province. The study was designed in a randomized block design with 5 replications. The treatment is; 1. Kepayang leaf extract, 2. Without control, 3.Neem plant extract, 4. Chloriliprol insecticide. The results showed that the Kepayang leaf extract can be used as a botanical insecticide controlling soybean pod borer because it can suppress soybean pod attack by up to 62% and is no different from the Chloriliprol insecticide treatment by 64%.
Keywords: Applications, Swamp Plants, Boring Pods Borers, Tidal Swamps
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Beam, Shawn C., Michael L. Flessner et Kara B. Pittman. « Soybean Flower and Pod Response to Fomesafen, Acifluorfen, and Lactofen ». Weed Technology 32, no 4 (25 juin 2018) : 444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2018.37.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractDiphenyl ether herbicides are commonly applied POST in soybean to control weeds late in the growing season that have not been controlled by other previous weed management tactics. These “rescue” applications can occur during reproductive soybean growth. The effect of these herbicides on the developing flowers and pods is not known. Field research studies were conducted over 3 yr to determine how soybean flowers and developing pods respond to fomesafen, acifluorfen, and lactofen when applied at R1, R3, and R5 growth stages. Flower and pod counts in the nontreated check showed an increase (17.1, 5.8, and 2.21 at R1, R3, and R5 stage, respectively) and were statistically the same as the herbicide treatments 1 wk after treatment. Fomesafen, acifluorfen, and lactofen applied at 395, 420, and 219 g ai ha–1 at R1, R3, and R5 stage had no negative impact on soybean flowers and developing pods when compared to the nontreated check. No significant differences were observed in soybean yield between any treatments in all site-years of the study.
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Park, Myoung Ryoul, Inhye Lee, Min-Jung Seo et Hong-Tae Yun. « Development of High-Resolution Simple Sequence Repeat Markers through Expression Profiling of Genes Associated with Pod Maturity of Soybean ». Applied Sciences 10, no 18 (12 septembre 2020) : 6363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186363.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In soybeans (Glycine max L.), the time required to attain maturity is a quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL), which enable soybean cultivars to adapt to various regions with diverse day lengths. In this study, depending on the days to maturity, 100 soybean varieties were classified into eight maturity groups numbered from 0 to VII. The maturity groups were further sorted into three maturity ecotypes: early, middle, and late maturity. The analysis of 55,589 soybean genes revealed a total of 1147 related to the growth and development of soybean pods, including 211 genes with simple sequence repeats (SSRs). We further identified 42 SSR markers that amplified over two alleles in three different ecotypes, including six genes that were up- or downregulated in pods of more than one ecotype. The agglomerative hierarchical tree constructed for the newly identified SSR markers had three clusters. Clusters B-I, B-II, and B-III were found to be strongly related with the early, middle, and late maturity ecotypes, respectively. Therefore, the newly identified set of SSR markers can serve as an effective high-resolution tool for the genotyping and QTL mapping of soybean pod maturity.
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Wang, J., T. L. Niblack, J. A. Tremain, W. J. Wiebold, G. L. Tylka, C. C. Marett, G. R. Noel, O. Myers et M. E. Schmidt. « Soybean Cyst Nematode Reduces Soybean Yield Without Causing Obvious Aboveground Symptoms ». Plant Disease 87, no 6 (juin 2003) : 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.6.623.
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Field experiments were conducted at locations in northern and southern Illinois, central Iowa, and central Missouri from 1997 to 1999 to investigate the effects of Heterodera glycines on soybean growth, development, and yield. A wide range of infestation levels was present at all locations. Two locally adapted cultivars, one resistant to H. glycines, were grown at each location. Cultivars were planted in alternating four-row strips with 76 cm between rows. For each cultivar, 20 1-m-long single-row plots were sampled every 2 weeks starting 4 weeks after planting. Infection by H. glycines reduced plant height and leaf and stem weight on the resistant cultivars in the first 12 weeks after planting, and delayed pod and seed development 12 to 14 weeks after planting. Biomass accumulation was not reduced on the susceptible cultivars until 10 weeks after planting; reduction in pod and seed development occurred throughout the reproductive stages. Susceptible cultivars produced significantly lower yields than resistant cultivars, but the yield reductions were not accompanied by visually detectable symptoms.
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Tishchenko, E. N., C. I. Mychalskaya, T. M. Daskaluk et V. F. Mar'yushkin. « DNA denaturation during senescence of soybean pod valve ». Biopolymers and Cell 20, no 5 (20 septembre 2004) : 410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/bc.0006c3.
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Dyer, Daniel J., Dale R. Carlson, C. Daniel Cotterman, James A. Sikorski et Susan L. Ditson. « Soybean Pod Set Enhancement with Synthetic Cytokinin Analogs ». Plant Physiology 84, no 2 (1 juin 1987) : 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.84.2.240.
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PETERSON, C. M., C. O'H MOSJIDIS, R. R. DUTE et M. E. WESTGATE. « A Flower and Pod Staging System for Soybean ». Annals of Botany 69, no 1 (janvier 1992) : 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088307.
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Liu, Juge, Xiangting Wang, Ning Wang, Yang Li, Ting Jin, Junyi Gai et Yan Li. « Comparative Analyses Reveal Peroxidases Play Important Roles in Soybean Tolerance to Aluminum Toxicity ». Agronomy 11, no 4 (1 avril 2021) : 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040670.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is an important barrier to soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) production in acid soils. However, little is known about the genes underlying Al tolerance in soybean. We aim to find the key candidate genes and investigate their roles in soybean tolerance to Al toxicity in this study. Comparative transcriptome analyses of the Al-tolerant (KF) and Al-sensitive (GF) soybean varieties under control and Al stress at 6, 12, and 24 h were investigated. A total of 1411 genes showed specific up-regulation in KF or more up-regulation in KF than in GF by Al stress, which were significantly enriched in the GO terms of peroxidase (POD) activity, transporter activity (including the known Al tolerance-related ABC transporter, ALMT, and MATE), and four families of transcription factors (AP2, C3H4, MYB, WRKY). The expression levels of seven POD genes were up-regulated by Al stress for at least one time point in KF. The H2O2 pretreatment significantly improved Al tolerance of KF, which is likely due to increased POD activity induced by H2O2. Our results suggest that PODs play important roles in soybean tolerance to Al toxicity. We also propose a list of candidate genes for Al tolerance in KF, which would provide valuable insights into the Al tolerance mechanisms in soybean.
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Rao, M. S. S., Ajmer S. Bhagsari et Ali I. Mohamed. « 551 Evaluation of Vegetable Soybeans for Green Bean Yield and Nutritional Quality ». HortScience 34, no 3 (juin 1999) : 541B—541. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.541b.
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In Asian countries and among the oriental populations in the United States, vegetable soybeans are consumed much the same way as green peas are consumed. A need exists for developing soybean cultivars adapted to the U.S. environments to take advantage of the economic potential of vegetable soybeans for both domestic and international markets. During 1997, 12 vegetable soybean genotypes of exotic origin and two local U.S. soybean cultivars were evaluated for their agronomic performance in a randomized complete block, with four replications, at the Agric. Res. Stn. FVSU, Ga. At the R6 stage (when the seeds are of full size and still immature), plants from a half-meter-row length were sampled from each plot to estimate green pod and seed yield, and determine the nutritional quality of green beans. Significant differences were observed among genotypes for the agronomic and biochemical parameters studied. The green seed yield ranged from 7.1 (cv. Ware) to 14.0 Mg·ha–1 (cv. Tanbagura). Three cultivars, Tomahamare, Mian Yan, and Tousan-122, produced green seed yields in excess of 12 Mg·ha–1. The number of green pods varied between 1518 (Tanbagura) and 3526/m2 (cv. Hutcheson). The green bean oil and protein contents, ranged from 53.1 to 105.4 and from 354.2 and 418.3 g·kg–1, respectively. Thus, the green seeds contained only 30% of oil, but 50% to 80% of protein normally found in mature soybean seed. The glucose content was between 4.1% and 7.0%, while the phytate content varied between 0.93% and 1.3%. T he green seed yield was significantly correlated with number of green pods, number of green seeds, and green pod weight. This study showed that some exotic vegetable soybean genotypes may be suitable for production in the southeastern U.S.
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Poniman, Christiawan, Tri Sunardi et Hesti Pujiwati. « SERANGAN HAMA PENGGEREK POLONG PADA ENAM VARIETAS KEDELAI DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP HASIL ». Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 22, no 1 (22 mai 2020) : 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jipi.22.1.38-44.
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[POD BORER ATTACK ON SIX SOYBEAN VARIETIES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON YIELD]. This study aims to determine the level of pod borer attack on six soybean varieties and their effects on yields. This research was conducted from December 2017 to March 2018 in the Experimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bengkulu, Kandang Limun Village, Muara Bangkahulu District, Bengkulu City. The experimental design used was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with the treatment of six soybean varieties (Demas, Argomulyo, Dega, Ringing, Echo, and Dena I) and was repeated 4 times so that there were 24 experimental units. The results showed that the percentage of pod attack on the Demas, Argomulyo, Ringing, Gema, and Dena I varieties was classified as resistant, while the Dega variety was relatively resistant. Whereas the percentage of seed attack in all soybean varieties tested was classified as resistant. Argomulyo varieties have higher resistance to pod borer attack than other varieties because they produce the highest number of trichomes, and the lowest number of larvae per plant. Argomulyo variety produces the highest number of seed weight per plant, and the highest seed weight per plot. The echo variety produces the highest number of total pods, while the Dega variety produces the highest weight of 100 seeds.
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Zhang, Jiaoping, et Asheesh K. Singh. « Genetic Control and Geo-Climate Adaptation of Pod Dehiscence Provide Novel Insights into Soybean Domestication ». G3: ; Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no 2 (13 décembre 2019) : 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400876.
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Loss of pod dehiscence was a key step in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] domestication. Genome-wide association analysis for soybean shattering identified loci harboring Pdh1, NST1A and SHAT1-5. Pairwise epistatic interactions were observed, and the dehiscent Pdh1 overcomes resistance conferred by NST1A or SHAT1-5 locus. Further candidate gene association analysis identified a nonsense mutation in NST1A associated with pod dehiscence. Geographic analysis showed that in Northeast China (NEC), indehiscence at both Pdh1 and NST1A were required in cultivated soybean, while indehiscent Pdh1 alone is capable of preventing shattering in Huang-Huai-Hai (HHH) valleys. Indehiscent Pdh1 allele was only identified in wild soybean (Glycine soja L.) accession from HHH valleys suggesting that it may have originated in this region. No specific indehiscence was required in Southern China. Geo-climatic investigation revealed strong correlation between relative humidity and frequency of indehiscent Pdh1 across China. This study demonstrates that epistatic interaction between Pdh1 and NST1A fulfills a pivotal role in determining the level of resistance against pod dehiscence, and humidity shapes the distribution of indehiscent alleles. Our results give further evidence to the hypothesis that HHH valleys was at least one of the origin centers of cultivated soybean.
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Shahraeen, N., T. Ghotbi, M. Salati et A. Sahandi. « First Report of Bean pod mottle virus in Soybean in Iran ». Plant Disease 89, no 7 (juillet 2005) : 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0775c.
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Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) has been increasing in importance and acreage for the past 5 years in Iran and is now planted on approximately 108,000 ha. Previous surveys in Iran of viruses infecting soybean failed to identify Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV), but the incidence of other common viruses of soybean in the field has been reported (1). During October 2004, symptoms characteristic of those caused by BPMV including mosaic, puckering of trifoliate leaves, and delayed maturity of stems or green stems were observed in soybean fields in the Takhti Mahaleh, Versen, and Hashemabad areas located in the Gorgan Province. Sporadic incidence of plants infected with BPMV has been usually of minor importance to growers. Symptoms were often overlooked or considered to be physiological disorders. A visual assessment was made to determine incidence of green stem in the commonly grown soybean cv. Sahar. Forty soybean plants showing symptoms of crinkling, mottling, green stem, and retaining green leaves were sampled by collecting one trifoliate leaf near the top of the plant. All samples were tested in parallel for BPMV using double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). BPMV was detected in 40% of the samples. Seven of the samples shown to be infected with BPMV using DAS-ELISA were mechanically (2) transferred to soybean seedlings in the greenhouse. These plants developed systemic mottle symptoms typical of those caused by BPMV and tested positive for BPMV using DAS-ELISA. The distribution of BPMV within soybean-growing regions, exploration of potential virus reservoirs, and economic impact of this virus have yet to be determined. There is no published report on the presence of potential BPMV vectors including the bean leaf beetle (Cerotoma trifurcata) from soybean fields in Iran. To our knowledge, this is the first report of BPMV in Iran. References: (1) A. R. Golnaraghi et al. Plant Dis.88:1069, 2004. (2) R. Louie et al. Plant Dis.84:1133, 2000.
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Fellows, Gary M., et Fred W. Roeth. « Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) Interference in Soybean (Glycine max) ». Weed Science 40, no 1 (mars 1992) : 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500056976.
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Shattercane interference in irrigated soybean was evaluated during 1987, 1988, and 1989 at Clay Center, NE, using ‘Rox’ forage sorghum to simulate shattercane. Soybean yield reduction did not occur if shattercane was removed by 2 wk after emergence in 1987 and 6 wk after emergence in 1988 and 1989. Shattercane interference with soybean began when shattercane height exceeded soybean height. Soybean yield was reduced up to 25% before the height differential reached 30 cm, the minimum difference required for selectively applying glyphosate with a wiper applicator. Soybean nodes per stem, pods per stem, and beans per pod decreased as duration of interference increased. A direct relationship between soybean yield loss and shattercane density fit a rectangular hyperbolic function. Yield loss per shattercane plant was highest at low shattercane densities. Soybean plant height, biomass, nodes per stem, pods per stem, pods per node, and beans per pod decreased as shattercane density increased. An interference model for estimation of soybean yield and economic loss based on shattercane density was developed.
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Borowska, Magdalena, et Janusz Prusiński. « Effect of soybean cultivars sowing dates on seed yield and its correlation with yield parameters ». Plant, Soil and Environment 67, No. 6 (21 mai 2021) : 360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/73/2021-pse.
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The article presents the effect of three sowing dates on the growth, development and yielding of four soybean cultivars of different earliness and under different temperature and precipitation conditions across the years. The seed yield from early sowing significantly correlated with the total precipitation in June and July, and at later dates, also with the total precipitation in August. The significantly highest soybean yields were collected from the sowing at a turn of April and May, and the highest seed and protein yield, as well as protein content in seed, were recorded for the mid-early Merlin cultivar. Neither the number and the seed weight per pod nor the 1 000-seed weight significantly depended on the sowing date. Over years, a significant, almost linear decrease in the plant height and the first pod setting height, the weight of nodules, the protein yield and the LAI (leaf area index) value was observed. High significant correlations were found between the seed yield and the plant height and the first pod setting height, as well as between the seed number and the seed weight per pod and the 1 000-seed weight as well as between the plant height and the first pod setting height.
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Kataliko, Richard Katembo, Paul M. Kimani, James W. Muthomi, Wothaya S. Wanderi, Florence M. Olubayo et Felister M. Nzuve. « Resistance and Correlation of Pod Shattering and Selected Agronomic Traits in Soybeans ». Journal of Plant Studies 8, no 2 (12 août 2019) : 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jps.v8n2p39.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Pod shattering is a serious production constraint that causes 34 to 99% seed losses in soybean. Identification, development and utilization of varieties with resistance to pod shattering can reduce yield losses. However, there is limited information on genetic variability of this trait in local germplasm. Twenty soybean genotypes were evaluated at KALRO-Embu and KALRO-Mwea Research Centers, in Eastern and Central highlands of Kenya during the 2016 short and long rain seasons in an alpha lattice design arranged in a 4 x 5 pattern with three replicates. Data was collected on maturity, plant height, biomass, number of seeds per pod, pod shattering and grain yield and analyzed using Genstat software (15th edition). Pearson’s correlation estimates for pod shattering and agronomic traits was done using Statistix-8 statistical package. Results showed significant interactions between genotypes, sites and seasons for days to maturity, plant biomass and pod shattering. Seasonal and location effects were significant for all the traits measured except for plant height, grain yield and pod shattering. Genotype effects showed significances for all the traits. Results showed 17.87% of soybean pod shattering in Embu and 17.41% in Mwea; 16.58% during the long rains and 18.77% during the short rains. Based on their scores, ten genotypes were classified as resistant, seven as moderately resistant, one as moderately susceptible and two as highly susceptible. Genotypes SB-8 followed by Gazelle, SB-74, SB-4, Nyala and SB-20 were the most resistant. SB-93 and SB-25 were the most susceptible genotypes. Three varieties (931/5/34, 915/5/12 and SB-154) performed well with grain yields of up to 1800 kg ha-1. The study found that pod shattering resistance was negatively correlated with number of seeds per pod (r=-0.13*). Plant with few seeds per pod tended to have high resistance to pod shattering. The resistant genotypes can be utilized for production and in effective breeding programs.