Articles de revues : « South Tyrrhenian Sea »

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Bo, Marzia, Simonepietro Canese, Costanza Spaggiari, Antonio Pusceddu, Marco Bertolino, Michela Angiolillo, Michela Giusti et al. « Deep Coral Oases in the South Tyrrhenian Sea ». PLoS ONE 7, n^o 11 (21 novembre 2012) : e49870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049870.

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Marini, Mauro, et Anna Annibaldi. « Transport, Persistence, and Toxicity of Pollutants in the Sea ». Applied Sciences 12, n^o 14 (12 juillet 2022) : 7017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12147017.

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Eight research articles and two reviews are included in this Special Issue focused on the transport, persistence, and toxicity of pollutants in different seas: the Western and Central Mediterranean Sea, the Adriatic Sea, the Tyrrhenian Sea, the Baltic Sea, and the South China Sea [...]

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Rivaro, Paola, Marco Grotti, Carmela Ianni et Emanuele Magi. « Heavy metals distribution in the Eolian Basin (South Tyrrhenian Sea) ». Marine Pollution Bulletin 36, n^o 11 (novembre 1998) : 880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-326x(98)00063-0.

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Tinti, S., G. Pagnoni, F. Zaniboni et E. Bortolucci. « Tsunami generation in Stromboli island and impact on the south-east Tyrrhenian coasts ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 3, n^o 5 (31 octobre 2003) : 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-3-299-2003.

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Abstract. Stromboli is one of the most active volcanoes in the Aeolian island arc in south Tyrrhenian sea, Italy. In the last 100 years the most relevant volcanic eruptions have beenaccompanied by local tsunamis, that have caused damage and casualties. In some cases the direct mechanism of local tsunami generation is clear, i.e. pyroclastic flows entering the sea. In some others it is uncertain and some speculation concerning the collapse of the eruptive column on the sea surface or the failure of some underwater mass can be made. But the ordinary activity is unlikely to generate large regional tsunamis. These can be produced by the lateral collapse of the volcanic cone that geomorphological and volcanological investigations have proven to have occurred repeatedly in the recent history of the volcano, with return period in the order of some thousands of years. The last episode is dated to less than 5 ka BP, and left the Sciara del Fuoco scar on the north-west flank of Stromboli. Based on previous studies, the possible collapse of the nortwestern sector of Stromboli and the consequent generation and propagation of a tsunami are explored. The impact on Stromboli and on the other islands of the Aeolian archipelago is estimated, as well as the impact on the coast of Sicily and the Tyrrhenian coasts of Calabria. The simulation is carried out by means of a double model: a Lagrangian block model to compute the motion of the collapsing mass, and a finite-element hydrodynamic model to compute the evolution of the tsunami. Two distinct tsunami simulations are carried out, one on a very fine grid around the source region to evaluate the tsunami near Stromboli, and one utilising a coarser grid covering the whole south-east Tyrrhenian sea to compute the tsunami propagation toward Sicily and Calabria. It is found that a huge-volume collapse of the north-western flank of the Stromboli cone is capable of producing a regional tsunami which is catastrophic at the source and devastating on long stretches of Tyrrhenian coasts, but particularly in the neighbouring islands of Panarea and Salina, and along the Calabria coasts around Capo Vaticano.

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Saviano, Simona, Daniela Cianelli, Enrico Zambianchi, Fabio Conversano et Marco Uttieri. « An Integrated Reconstruction of the Multiannual Wave Pattern in the Gulf of Naples (South-Eastern Tyrrhenian Sea, Western Mediterranean Sea) ». Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, n^o 5 (23 mai 2020) : 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8050372.

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Surface gravity waves retrieved by a network of HF (High Frequency) radars and measured in situ by an ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) current meter connected to an elastic beacon were used to carry out a multiple-year characterization of the wave field of the Gulf of Naples (south-eastern Tyrrhenian Sea, western Mediterranean). The aim of the work was to create a climatology of the study area and to demonstrate the potential of an integrated platform for coastal studies. The patterns recorded by the different instruments were in agreement with the wave climatology of the southern Tyrrhenian Sea as well as with previous scores for the same area. The results presented in this work also highlight seasonal and interannual consistency in the wave patterns for each site. In a wider context, this study demonstrates the potential of HF radars as long-term monitoring tools of the wave field in coastal basins, and supports the development of integrated observatories to address large-scale scientific challenges such as coastal ocean dynamics and the impact of global change on the local dynamics.

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Sarno, Diana. « Phytoplankton populations from the Gulf of Gioia Tauro (South Tyrrhenian Sea) ». Giornale botanico italiano 126, n^o 6 (janvier 1992) : 757–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263509209428170.

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Conti, Marcelo Enrique, et Maria Grazia Finoia. « Metals in molluscs and algae : A north–south Tyrrhenian Sea baseline ». Journal of Hazardous Materials 181, n^o 1-3 (septembre 2010) : 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.022.

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Dykan, N. I. « QUATERNARY-RECENT OSTRACODS (PODOCOPIDA, PLATYCOPIDA) OF THE TYRRHENIAN SEA (ITALY) ». Geological Journal, n^o 1 (7 avril 2022) : 62–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30836/igs.1025-6814.2022.1.250209.

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The article provides the systematic description of eight species of ostracods described by Dykan (2018, 2020), belonging to the genera Bythocypris, Pontocypris, Pterygocythereis, Bosquetina, Acantocythereis and Cytherella, as well as eleven species in open nomenclature (sp., cf., ex gr.) of the genera Argilloecia, Loxoconcha, Sarsicytheridea, Pontocytheroma, Echinocythereis, Paleoblitacythereis, Pseudobosquetina and Bythoceratina. The ostracods derive from Upper Quaternary, Holocene and modern deposits of the southwestern part of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Sampling stations cover shelf, continental slope and deep water basin in 65-3500 m water depth. The systematic section provides synonymy, detailed descriptions, ecology, geographical and stratigraphical distribution of species. SEM-images of external and internal structures of the carapace like hinge, normal pore canals, macro- and mesosculpture are provided. The documented species belong to North Atlantic, West Atlantic, South Antarctic and Mediterranean zoogeographic groups according to the zoogeographical classification developed for the ostracods of the Tyrrhenian Sea.

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Santo, Alba P. « Volcanological and geochemical evolution of Filicudi (Aeolian Islands, south Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) ». Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 96, n^o 1-2 (février 2000) : 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0273(99)00136-5.

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Cannas, Susanna, Paolo Fastelli, Cristiana Guerranti et Monia Renzi. « Plastic litter in sediments from the coasts of south Tuscany (Tyrrhenian Sea) ». Marine Pollution Bulletin 119, n^o 1 (juin 2017) : 372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.04.008.

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Iuri, V., F. P. Patti et G. Procaccini. « Phylogeography of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck) (Echinodermata:Echinoidea) : first insights from the South Tyrrhenian Sea ». Hydrobiologia 580, n^o 1 (avril 2007) : 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-006-0464-x.

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Caldeira, R. M. A., X. Couvelard, E. Casella et A. Vetrano. « Assymmetric eddy populations in adjacent basins – a high resolution numerical study of the Tyrrhenian and Ligurian Seas ». Ocean Science Discussions 9, n^o 6 (12 novembre 2012) : 3521–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-9-3521-2012.

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Abstract. A high-resolution ocean circulation modelling system forced with a high-resolution numerical wind product was used to study the mesoscale and sub-mesoscale eddy population of the North-Western Mediterranean Sea, contrasting eddy-activity between the Tyrrhenian and Ligurian sub-basins. Numerical solutions reproduced some of the known regional dynamics, namely the occurrence and oceanic implications of Mistral events, the convective cell leeward of the Gulf of Lion, as well as the Balearic frontal system. Calculated transport across the Corsica Channel followed a similar trend, when compared to the transport computed from a moored current meter. The analysis of the results showed that surface eddy activity is mostly confined to the boundary-currents, whereas in the deeper layers most eddies are concentrated on the central-deeper part of the basins. The Liguro-Provençal basin shows a much higher concentration of intermediate and deep-water eddies, when compared to the Tyrrhenian basin. Sub-mesoscale surface eddies tend to merge and migrate vertically onto intermediate waters. Intense eddy activity in the boundary-current surrounding the Liguro-Provençal Gyre, concentrate high-productivity, manifested by higher concentrations of mean sea surface chlorophyll, in the central part of the gyre, defined herein as the Ligurian Productive Pool (LPP). On average, the Tyrrhenian was mostly oligotrophic except for a small productive vortice in the south-eastern (leeward) side of Corsica. The transport in the Tyrrhenian Gyre, and across the basin is one order of magnitude higher than the transport calculated for the Liguro-Provençal basin. A high concentration of eddies in the passage between the Balearic Archipelago and Sardinia suggests retention and longer residence times of nutrient rich water in the "Ligurian pool", compared to a "fast draining" Tyrrhenian basin. Previous studies support the cyclonic gyre circulation generated in the Liguro-Provençal basin but more studies are needed to address the surface and deep mesoscale activity of the Tyrrhenian basin.

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Mele, Giuliana. « High-frequency wave propagation from mantle earthquakes in the Tyrrhenian Sea : New constraints for the geometry of the South Tyrrhenian Subduction Zone ». Geophysical Research Letters 25, n^o 15 (1 août 1998) : 2877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98gl02175.

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Guidetti, Paolo, Carlo Nike Bianchi, Gabriele La Mesa, Milena Modena, Carla Morri, Giampietro Sara et Marino Vacchi. « Abundance and size structure of Thalassoma pavo (Pisces : Labridae) in the western Mediterranean Sea : variability at different spatial scales ». Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82, n^o 3 (juin 2002) : 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315402005775.

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The present study was carried out during the summer of 1997 in three locations of the western Italian coast (La Spezia, Ligurian Sea; Ischia, central Tyrrhenian Sea; Ustica, southern Tyrrhenian Sea) to investigate variability in abundance and size structure of the labrid fish Thalassoma pavo along a latitudinal gradient and over different spatial scales. Fish abundance and size were estimated by visual census in shallow rocky reefs. Significant differences were detected in average abundances of T. pavo (with and without the contribution of juveniles) among locations (separated by a distance of hundreds of kilometres from each other) and over the smallest scale examined (i.e. among sites located tens of metres from each other). However, most variability was explained considering the largest spatial scale associated with the latitudinal gradient. Average abundances generally decreased from the southern Tyrrhenian to the Ligurian Sea. In terms of frequency, juveniles (<5 cm total length (TL)) increased from north to south, while the largest fish (16–20 cm) displayed an opposite trend. The intermediate size-classes (6–10 and 11–15 cm) did not show any distinct patterns. In terms of abundance, small T. pavo (0–5 cm) showed significantly higher densities at Ustica, followed by Ischia and La Spezia. Fish 6–10 and 11–15 cm long were significantly less abundant at La Spezia than at Ischia and Ustica, while those between 16 and 20 cm TL did not differ numerically among the three locations. The results of the present study provide suggestive evidence that factors acting on a geographical scale are likely to influence distribution patterns of the thermophilic fish T. pavo, although significant effects have been also observed at the smallest spatial scale examined. Climatic conditions (e.g. water temperature along the latitudinal gradient) and substrate features (e.g. macroalgal cover, physical complexity, slope) are thus likely to affect average abundances and size structures of T. pavo populations along the western Italian coast.

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Vignudelli, S., P. Cipollini, F. Reseghetti, G. Fusco, G. P. Gasparini et G. M. R. Manzella. « Comparison between XBT data and TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimetry in the Ligurian-Tyrrhenian area ». Annales Geophysicae 21, n^o 1 (31 janvier 2003) : 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-123-2003.

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Abstract. From September 1999 to December 2000, eXpendable Bathy-Thermograph (XBT) profiles were collected along the Genova-Palermo shipping route in the framework of the Mediterranean Forecasting System Pilot Project (MFSPP). The route is virtually coincident with track 0044 of the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimeter, crossing the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian basins in an approximate N–S direction. This allows a direct comparison between XBT and altimetry, whose findings are presented in this paper. XBT sections reveal the presence of the major features of the regional circulation, namely the eastern boundary of the Ligurian gyre, the Bonifacio gyre and the Modified Atlantic Water inflow along the Sicily coast. Twenty-two comparisons of steric heights derived from the XBT data set with concurrent realizations of single-pass altimetric heights are made. The overall correlation is around 0.55 with an RMS difference of less than 3 cm. In the Tyrrhenian Sea the spectra are remarkably similar in shape, but in general the altimetric heights contain more energy. This difference is explained in terms of oceanographic signals, which are captured with a different intensity by the satellite altimeter and XBTs, as well as computational errors. On scales larger than 100 km, the data sets are also significantly coherent, with increasing coherence values at longer wavelengths. The XBTs were dropped every 18–20 km along the track: as a consequence, the spacing scale was unable to resolve adequately the internal radius of deformation (< 20 km). Furthermore, few XBT drops were carried out in the Ligurian Sea, due to the limited north-south extent of this basin, so the comparison is problematic there. On the contrary, the major features observed in the XBT data in the Tyrrhenian Sea are also detected by TOPEX/Poseidon. The manuscript is completed by a discussion on how to integrate the two data sets, in order to extract additional information. In particular, the results emphasize their complementariety in providing a dynamically complete description of the observed structures. Key words. Oceanography: general (descriptive and regional oceanography) Oceanography: physical (sea level variations; instruments and techniques)

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Punzo, Michele, Chiara Lanciano, Daniela Tarallo, Francesco Bianco, Giuseppe Cavuoto, Rosanna De Rosa, Vincenzo Di Fiore et al. « Application of X-Band Wave Radar for Coastal Dynamic Analysis : Case Test of Bagnara Calabra (South Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) ». Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6236925.

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Sea state knowledge has a key role in evaluation of coastal erosion, the assessment of vulnerability and potential in coastal zone utilization, and development of numerical models to predict its evolution. X-band radar measurements were conducted to observe the spatial and temporal variation of the sea-state parameters along a 3 km long sandy-gravelly pocket beaches forming a littoral cell on Bagnara Calabra. We produced a sequence of 1000 images of the sea state extending offshore up to 1 mile. The survey has allowed monitoring the coastline, the directional wave spectra, the sea surface current fields, and the significant wave heights and detecting strong rip currents which cause scours around the open inlets and affect the stability of the submerged reef-type breakwaters. The possibility to validate the data acquired with other datasets (e.g., LaMMA Consortium) demonstrates the potential of the X-band radar technology as a monitoring tool to advance the understanding of the linkages between sea conditions, nearshore sediment dynamics, and coastal change. This work proves the possibility to obtain relevant information (e.g., wave number, period, and direction) for evaluation of local erosion phenomena and of morphological changes in the nearshore and surf zone.

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Renda, Walter, et Salvatore Giacobbe. « First report of Alvania scuderii Villari, 2017 (Gastropoda : Mollusca) from Tyrrhenian Sea : Some biogeographic implications ». Aquatic Research 4, n^o 2 (2021) : 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3153/ar21016.

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The cryptic gastropod Alva-nia scuderii Villari, 2017, recently described from the Strait of Messina as new species inside the A. scabra (Philippi, 1844) group, was known by restricted areas of eastern and southern Sicily. Some records from the type locality and south-eastern Tyrrhenian sea, which pro-vided new data on habitat and bathymetric range, also enlarged northward, in a further basin, the known ar-eal. Such areal, that over-laps a Mediterranean west-ern-eastern biogeographic boundary, may be consid-ered a further clue of an hy-drological front that is re-sponsible of a West-Mediterranean footprint more marked than in nearby North-westernmost areas.

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De Maio, A., M. Moretti, E. Sansone et G. Spezie. « Seasonal salinity variations of the LIW entering into the South Tyrrhenian Sea (October 1986–August 1988) ». Il Nuovo Cimento C 13, n^o 4 (juillet 1990) : 711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02507965.

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Baldrighi, Elisa, Igor Dovgal, Daniela Zeppilli, Alie Abibulaeva, Claire Michelet, Emma Michaud, Annalisa Franzo et al. « The Cost for Biodiversity : Records of Ciliate–Nematode Epibiosis with the Description of Three New Suctorian Species ». Diversity 12, n^o 6 (4 juin 2020) : 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12060224.

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Epibiosis is a common phenomenon in marine systems. In marine environments, ciliates are among the most common organisms adopting an epibiotic habitus and nematodes have been frequently reported as their basibionts. In the present study, we report several new records of peritrich and suctorian ciliates-nematode association worldwide: from a deep-sea pockmark field in the NW Madagascar margin (Indian Ocean), from a shallow vent area in the Gulf of Naples (Mediterranean, Tyrrhenian Sea), in a MPA area in the Gulf of Trieste (Mediterranean, Adriatic Sea), from a mangrove system in French Guiana (South America, Atlantic Ocean), and from the Maldivian Archipelago. In addition, three new species of Suctorea from the Secca delle Fumose shallow vent area (Gulf of Naples) were described: Loricophrya susannae n. sp., Thecacineta fumosae n. sp. and Acinetopsis lynni n. sp. In the light of these new records and data from the existing literature, we discuss the suctorian–nematode epibiosis relationship as a lever to biodiversity.

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Ferraro, Luciana, et Flavia Molisso. « Sedimentological and paleontological features of sea floor sediments of penta palummo and miseno volcanic highs, gulf of naples (south-eastern Tyrrhenian sea) ». Rendiconti Lincei 11, n^o 1 (mars 2000) : 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02904596.

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Robustelli, Gaetano, Francesco Muto, Fabio Scarciglia, Vincenzo Spina et Salvatore Critelli. « Eustatic and tectonic control on Late Quaternary alluvial fans along the Tyrrhenian Sea coast of Calabria (South Italy) ». Quaternary Science Reviews 24, n^o 18-19 (octobre 2005) : 2101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.08.025.

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Giusti, Michela, Carlo Innocenti et Simonepietro Canese. « Predicting suitable habitat for the gold coral Savalia savaglia (Bertoloni, 1819) (Cnidaria, Zoantharia) in the South Tyrrhenian Sea ». Continental Shelf Research 81 (juin 2014) : 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2014.03.011.

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Distefano, Salvatore, et Fabiano Gamberi. « Preservation of Transgressive System Tract Geomorphic Elements during the Holocene Sea Level Rise in the South-Eastern Sicilian Tyrrhenian Margin ». Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, n^o 8 (25 juillet 2022) : 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081013.

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Understanding of complex sedimentary records formed by transgressive systems is critical because they provide information on sea level changes which control the evolution of the coastal environment. This paper discusses the preservation of the Transgressive System Tracts (TST) in the south-eastern Sicilian Tyrrhenian margin during the last Holocene eustatic cycle. The available dataset consists of high-resolution bathymetry (multibeam), whose description and interpretation through a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has been integrated with six seismic profiles (CHIRP). Within the whole study area, four bathymetric contours (−120 m, −100 m, −80 m and −70 m) were identified and assumed as the markers of the main locations of the paleo-coastlines, corresponding with the steps of the main changes in the sea level. The transgressive deposits are preferentially preserved in the 70–100 m bathymetric range, bounded at the top by the maximum flooding surface and consisting of the relict geomorphic elements that represent past landscapes (coastal barrier lagoons, transgressive sheet areas, cuspate beaches, transgressive dune-field systems). Furthermore, with the support of 3D bathymetric maps, a reconstruction of the geomorphological evolution of the past coastal systems during the last transgressive stage is also provided.

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Decembrini, F., F. Azzaro et E. Crisafi. « Distribution of chemical polluting factors in south Italian seas along Calabria coastal waters (low tyrrhenian sea, high ionian sea and straits of Messina) ». Water Science and Technology 32, n^o 9-10 (1 novembre 1995) : 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0689.

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This report is dealing with the presence of Dissolved/Dispersed Petroleum Hydrocarbons (DDPH) synthetic detergents (ABS) and Total Phenols (T-PHE) in 150 stations positioned along the Calabria coastal waters as well as off-shore. Data were gathered during four different seasonal cruises (from 1990 to 1992). In order to identify areas of possible environmental risk, threshold values based on background mean concentrations present in the Mediterranean Sea were determined for each parameter. DDPH exceed the concentration limit of 0.4 ppb in areas near urban settlements only and are due mainly to untreated municipal sewages. In winter and spring high values were also registered in the mouths of some rivers that carry polluting substances of different origin. Generally the values of ABS resulted to be below the 3 ppb limit, but measured up to 127 ppb in well localized areas and were linked T-PHE and DDPH, thus indicating that their origin is primarily due to industrial sewages. Concentration of Total Phenols almost always showed values below the threshold (4.0 ppb); the highest values (about 50 ppb) presented a similar distribution as that of DDPH. In conclusion, the overall environmental conditions are quite satisfactory, except for some localized areas where sometimes parameters exceeded limits simultaneously.

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Cosentino, C., F. Molisso, G. Scopelliti, A. Caruso, D. D. Insinga, C. Lubritto, F. Pepe et M. Sacchi. « Benthic foraminifera as indicators of relative sea-level fluctuations : Paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstruction of a Holocene marine succession (Calabria, south-eastern Tyrrhenian Sea) ». Quaternary International 439 (mai 2017) : 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.10.012.

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Tanhua, T., D. Hainbucher, V. Cardin, M. Álvarez, G. Civitarese, A. P. McNichol et R. M. Key. « Repeat hydrography in the Mediterranean Sea, data from the <i>Meteor</i> ; cruise 84/3 in 2011 ». Earth System Science Data 5, n^o 2 (31 juillet 2013) : 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-289-2013.

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Abstract. Here we report on data from an oceanographic cruise on the German research vessel Meteor covering large parts of the Mediterranean Sea during spring of 2011. The main objective of this cruise was to conduct measurements of physical, chemical and biological variables on a section across the Mediterranean Sea with the goal of producing a synoptic picture of the distribution of relevant physical and biogeochemical properties, in order to compare those to historic data sets. During the cruise, a comprehensive data set of relevant variables following the guide lines for repeat hydrography outlined by the GO-SHIP group (http://www.go-ship.org/) was collected. The measurements include salinity and temperature (CTD), an over-determined carbonate system, inorganic nutrients, oxygen, transient tracers (CFC-12, SF6), helium isotopes and tritium, and carbon isotopes. The cruise sampled all major basins of the Mediterranean Sea following roughly an east-to-west section from the coast of Lebanon through to the Strait of Gibraltar, and to the coast of Portugal. Also a south-to-north section from the Ionian Sea to the Adriatic Sea was carried out. Additionally, sampling in the Aegean, Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Seas were carried out. The sections roughly followed lines and positions that have been sampled previously during other programs, thus providing the opportunity for comparative investigations of the temporal development of various parameters.

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Tanhua, T., D. Hainbucher, V. Cardin, M. Álvarez et G. Civitarese. « Repeat hydrography in the Mediterranean Sea, data from the <i>Meteor</i> ; cruise 84/3 in 2011 ». Earth System Science Data Discussions 6, n^o 1 (18 mars 2013) : 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essdd-6-59-2013.

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Abstract. Here we report on data from an oceanographic cruise on the German research vessel Meteor covering large parts of the Mediterranean Sea during spring of 2011. The main objectives of this cruise was to conduct measurements of physical, chemical and biological variables on a section across the Mediterranean Sea with the goal of producing a synoptic picture of the distribution of relevant physical and biogeochemical properties, in order to compare those to historic data sets. During the cruise, a comprehensive data set of relevant variables following the guide lines for repeat hydrography outlined by the GO-SHIP group (http://www.go-ship.org/) was collected. The measurements include; salinity and temperature (CTD), an over-determined carbonate system, inorganic nutrients, oxygen, transient tracers (CFC-12, SF6), Helium isotopes and tritium, and carbon isotopes. The cruise sampled all major basins of the Mediterranean Sea following roughly an east-to-west section from the coast of Lebanon to through the Strait of Gibraltar, and to the coast of Portugal. Also a south-to-north section from the Ionian Sea to the Adriatic Sea was carried out. Additionally, sampling in the Aegean, Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Seas were carried out. The sections roughly followed lines and positions that have been sampled previously during other programs, thus providing the opportunity for comparative investigations of the temporal development of various parameters.

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Arculeo, M., S. Lo Brutto, L. Cannizaro et S. Vitale. « Growth Parameters and Population Structure of Aristeus Antennatus (Decapoda, Penaeidae) in the South Tyrrhenian Sea (Southern Coast of Italy) ». Crustaceana 84, n^o 9 (2011) : 1099–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/001121611x584361.

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AbstractThe blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus (Risso, 1816) is one of the most important fishery resources in the Mediterranean Sea. Monthly samplings of blue and red shrimp from June 2006 to May 2007 were landed by the trawl fleet in two northwest Sicilian fishing harbours (San Vito Lo Capo and Terrasini). The carapace length (CL) frequency distribution of females ranged between 15.00 and 59.00 mm, whereas male CLs ranged between 17.00 and 34.00 mm. The estimated parameters of the Von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) for San Vito lo Capo females and males were: CL∞ = 65 mm, K = 0.58 y–1 and CL∞ = 41 mm, K = 0.71 y–1, respectively; while for Terrasini females and males these were: CL∞ = 69 mm, K = 0.65 y–1 and CL∞ = 37 mm, K = 0.8 y–1, respectively. In this study, we update the information on stock structure and growth parameters of the blue and red shrimp in two northwest Sicilian fishing grounds and compare these results with other data recorded in the Mediterranean Basin.

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Budillon, F., D. Vicinanza, V. Ferrante et M. Iorio. « Sediment transport and deposition during extreme sea storm events at the Salerno Bay (Tyrrhenian Sea) : comparison of field data with numerical model results ». Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 6, n^o 5 (25 septembre 2006) : 839–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-839-2006.

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Abstract. Seismic stratigraphy and core litho-stratigraphy in the Salerno Bay inner shelf (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea) reveal significant storm deposition episodes over the last 1 ky. Three major events are preserved as decimetre thick silt/sand layers bounded at their base by erosional surfaces and sealed in the muddy marine sequences between 25 and 60 m of depth. Geochronology and chrono-stratigraphy on core sediment point towards a recurrence of major sea storms between 0.1 and 0.3 ky and put the last significant event in the 19th century, when no local meteorological time series is available. A modelling of extreme sea-storms with a return period of about 0.1 ky is here proposed based on historical hindcast and aims at explaining the occurrence of such unusual deep and thick sand deposits in the northern sector of the bay. Results highlight the vulnerability of the northern coast of the Salerno Bay to the south western sea storms which can drive waves up to about 8 m high and wave period of about 13 s. With these conditions an intense combined flow current is formed and might account for winnowing fine sand down to the depth of 40 m at least. The numerical model thus confirms a possible sand transport in the bottom boundary layer due to wave-current interaction and could corroborate the interpretation of the most recent sand layers, included in the cores, as being generated under extreme sea storm conditions.

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Gnisci, Valentina, Selvaggia Cognetti de Martiis, Alessandro Belmonte, Carla Micheli, Viviana Piermattei, Simone Bonamano et Marco Marcelli. « Assessment of the ecological structure of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile on the northern coast of Lazio, Italy (central Tyrrhenian, Mediterranean) ». Italian Botanist 9 (9 janvier 2020) : 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.9.46426.

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The ecological structure of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile meadows was evaluated on the northern coast of Lazio, Italy (central Tyrrhenian, Mediterranean sea). This is an infra-littoral zone with a wide range of anthropogenic activities and high geo-morphological variability, which reflects heterogeneity in shoot density, leaf morphology and biomass in fragmented patches. Genetic variability in populations corresponds to the formation of 3 sub-clusters, in the diverse impacted zones (north, centre and south), being correlated to the geographical distance between sites. AMOVA estimated a high genetic variation showing 43.05% individual differences within populations with a marked differentiation among the populations (56.9%) indicated by Fst value (0.57). These results revealed the role of the genetic structure of seagrasses for determining selectivity of fragmented habitat, in response to natural drivers. They showed that site-specific self-recruitment is related to biodiversity capacity and to the geo-morphological characteristic of the coast.

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Pepe, Fabrizio, Giovanni Bertotti, Federico Cella et Ennio Marsella. « Rifted margin formation in the south Tyrrhenian Sea : A high-resolution seismic profile across the north Sicily passive continental margin ». Tectonics 19, n^o 2 (avril 2000) : 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999tc900067.

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Giacopello, C., M. Foti, T. Bottari, V. Fisichella et G. Barbera. « Detection of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy virus (VERV) in wild marine fish species of the South Tyrrhenian Sea (Central Mediterranean) ». Journal of Fish Diseases 36, n^o 9 (11 mars 2013) : 819–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12095.

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Ermolli, Elda Russo, et Gaetano di Pasquale. « Vegetation dynamics of south-western Italy in the last 28 kyr inferred from pollen analysis of a Tyrrhenian Sea core ». Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 11, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2002) : 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003340200024.

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Savini, Alessandra, Valentina Alice Bracchi, Antonella Cammarosano, Micla Pennetta et Filippo Russo. « Terraced Landforms Onshore and Offshore the Cilento Promontory (South-Eastern Tyrrhenian Margin) and Their Significance as Quaternary Records of Sea Level Changes ». Water 13, n^o 4 (23 février 2021) : 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040566.

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Climate change and tectonic uplift are the dominant forcing mechanisms responsible for the formation of long and narrow terraced landforms in a variety of geomorphic settings; and marine terraces are largely used to reconstruct the Quaternary glacial and interglacial climates. Along the Mediterranean coast, a considerable number of popular scientific articles have acknowledged a range of marine terraces in the form of low-relief surfaces resulting from the combined effects of tectonic uplift and eustatic sea-level fluctuations, as relevant geomorphological indicators of past sea-level high-stands. With the exception of a few recent studies on the significance of submarine depositional terraces (SDT), submerged terraced landforms have been less investigated. By integrating different marine and terrestrial datasets, our work brings together and re-examines numerous terraced landforms that typify the Cilento Promontory and its offshore region. In this area, studies since the 1960s have allowed the recognition of well-defined Middle to Upper Pleistocene marine terraces on land, while only a few studies have investigated the occurrences of late Pleistocene SDT. Furthermore, to date, no studies have consistently integrated findings. For our work, we correlated major evidence of emerged and submarine terraced landforms in order to support an improved understanding of the tectono-geomorphological evolution of the Cilento Promontory and to further clarify the geomorphological significance of submerged terraces.

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Gaglio, G., T. Bottari, P. Rinelli, F. Marino, D. Macrì et S. Giannetto. « Prevalence of Clavella stellata (Copepoda : Lernaeopodidae) (Kroyer 1838) in the European hake (Merluccius merluccius) (L. 1758), South Tyrrhenian Sea (Central Mediterranean) ». Journal of Applied Ichthyology 27, n^o 1 (5 octobre 2010) : 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01526.x.

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Daniela, Ruberti, Marino Ermanno, Pignalosa Antonio, Romano Pasquale et Vigliotti Marco. « Assessment of Tuff Sea Cliff Stability Integrating Geological Surveys and Remote Sensing. Case History from Ventotene Island (Southern Italy) ». Remote Sensing 12, n^o 12 (22 juin 2020) : 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12122006.

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This study provides a detailed integrated analysis of the erosional processes affecting the volcanoclastic headlands of a pocket beach, of a typical Tyrrhenian volcanic island (Ventotene, south Italy). It compares the survey carried out in 2012 and the recent landslides that occurred in 2018–2020. The studied tuff cliff is characterised by steep, up to overhanging walls affected by a fracture network, which locally isolates blocks in precarious equilibrium. The stability conditions of the southern Cala Nave Bay sea cliff were evaluated by integrating a geological field survey, structural analysis of discontinuities, and a detailed topographic survey consisting of a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and photogrammetry data acquisition and processing, providing a three-dimensional (3D) model of the sea cliff. The 3D model of the area affected by the recent landslides was created using proximity photogrammetry, the Structure for Motion (SfM) methodology. The fracture network was represented by using high-resolution digital models and projected to realize geostructural vertical mapping of the cliff. The data acquired in 2012 were more recently compared with further surveys carried out, following rock failures that occurred in winter 2019–2020. The detachment planes and failure modalities coincide perfectly with the ones previously assessed. The applied techniques and the comparison with the recent rock failures have proven to be important in defining these conditions to address risk mitigation interventions.

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Poulain, Pierre-Marie, Milena Menna et Elena Mauri. « Surface Geostrophic Circulation of the Mediterranean Sea Derived from Drifter and Satellite Altimeter Data ». Journal of Physical Oceanography 42, n^o 6 (1 juin 2012) : 973–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-11-0159.1.

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Abstract Drifter observations and satellite-derived sea surface height data are used to quantitatively study the surface geostrophic circulation of the entire Mediterranean Sea for the period spanning 1992–2010. After removal of the wind-driven components from the drifter velocities and low-pass filtering in bins of 1° × 1° × 1 week, maps of surface geostrophic circulation (mean flow and kinetic energy levels) are produced using the drifter and/or satellite data. The mean currents and kinetic energy levels derived from the drifter data appear stronger/higher with respect to those obtained from satellite altimeter data. The maps of mean circulation estimated from the drifter data and from a combination of drifter and altimeter data are, however, qualitatively similar. In the western basin they show the main pathways of the surface waters flowing eastward from the Strait of Gibraltar to the Sicily Channel and the current transporting waters back westward along the Italian, French, and Spanish coasts. Intermittent and long-lived subbasin-scale eddies and gyres abound in the Tyrrhenian and Algerian Seas. In the eastern basin, the surface waters are transported eastward by several currents but recirculate in numerous eddies and gyres before reaching the northward coastal current off Israel, Lebanon, and Syria and veering westward off Turkey. In the Ionian Sea, the mean geostrophic velocity maps were also produced separately for the two extended seasons and for multiyear periods. Significant variations are confirmed, with seasonal reversals of the currents in the south and changes of the circulation from anticyclonic (prior to 1 July 2007) to cyclonic and back to anticyclonic after 31 December 2005.

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Di Maggio, Cipriano, Giuliana Madonia, Marco Vattano, Valerio Agnesi et Salvatore Monteleone. « Geomorphological evolution of western Sicily, Italy ». Geologica Carpathica 68, n^o 1 (1 février 2017) : 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geoca-2017-0007.

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Abstract This paper proposes a morphoevolutionary model for western Sicily. Sicily is a chain–foredeep–foreland system still being built, with tectonic activity involving uplift which tends to create new relief. To reconstruct the morphoevolutionary model, geological, and geomorphological studies were done on the basis of field survey and aerial photographic interpretation. The collected data show large areas characterized by specific geological, geomorphological, and topographical settings with rocks, landforms, and landscapes progressively older from south to north Sicily. The achieved results display: (1) gradual emersion of new areas due to uplift, its interaction with the Quaternary glacio-eustatic oscillations of the sea level, and the following production of a flight of stair-steps of uplifted marine terraces in southern Sicily, which migrates progressively upward and inwards; in response to the uplift (2) triggering of down-cutting processes that gradually dismantle the oldest terraces; (3) competition between uplift and down-cutting processes, which is responsible for the genesis of river valleys and isolated rounded hills in central Sicily; (4) continuous deepening over time that results in the exhumation of older and more resistant rocks in northern Sicily, where the higher heights of Sicily are realized and the older forms are retained; (5) extensional tectonic event in the northern end of Sicily, that produces the collapse of large blocks drowned in the Tyrrhenian Sea and sealed by coastal-marine deposits during the Calabrian stage; (6) trigger of uplift again in the previously subsiding blocks and its interaction with coastal processes and sea level fluctuations, which produce successions of marine terraces during the Middle–Upper Pleistocene stages.

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Esposito, Valentina, Franco Andaloro, Simonepietro Canese, Giovanni Bortoluzzi, Marzia Bo, Marcella Di Bella, Francesco Italiano et al. « Exceptional discovery of a shallow-water hydrothermal site in the SW area of Basiluzzo islet (Aeolian archipelago, South Tyrrhenian Sea) : An environment to preserve ». PLOS ONE 13, n^o 1 (4 janvier 2018) : e0190710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190710.

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Budillon, Francesca, Maria Rosaria Senatore, Donatella D. Insinga, Marina Iorio, Carmine Lubritto, Mariangela Roca et Paola Rumolo. « Late Holocene sedimentary changes in shallow water settings : the case of the Sele river offshore in the Salerno Gulf (south-eastern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) ». Rendiconti Lincei 23, n^o 1 (mars 2012) : 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12210-012-0164-6.

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Corrado, Giuseppe, Sabrina Amodio, Pietro P. C. Aucelli, Gerardo Pappone et Marcello Schiattarella. « The Subsurface Geology and Landscape Evolution of the Volturno Coastal Plain, Italy : Interplay between Tectonics and Sea-Level Changes during the Quaternary ». Water 12, n^o 12 (2 décembre 2020) : 3386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123386.

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The Volturno alluvial-coastal plain is a relevant feature of the Tyrrhenian side of southern Italy. Its plan-view squared shape is due to Pliocene-Quaternary block-faulting of the western flank of the south-Apennines chain. On the basis of the stratigraphic analysis of almost 700 borehole logs and new geomorphological survey, an accurate paleoenvironmental reconstruction before and after the Campania Ignimbrite (CI; about 40 ky) eruption is here presented. Tectonics and eustatic forcing have been both taken into account to completely picture the evolution of the coastal plain during Late Quaternary times. The upper Pleistocene-Holocene infill of the Volturno plain has been here re-organized in a new stratigraphic framework, which includes seven depositional units. Structural analysis showed that two sets of faults displaced the CI, so accounting for recent tectonic activity. Yet Late Quaternary tectonics is rather mild, as evidenced by the decametric vertical separations operated by those faults. The average slip rate, which would represent the tectonic subsidence rate of the plain, is about 0.5 mm/year. A grid of cross sections shows the stratigraphic architecture which resulted from interactions among eustatic changes, tectonics and sedimentary input variations. On the basis of boreholes analysis, the trend of the CI roof was reconstructed. An asymmetrical shape of its ancient morphology—with a steeper slope toward the north-west border—and the lack of coincidence between the present course of the Volturno River and the main buried bedrock incision, are significant achievements of this study. Finally, the morpho-evolutionary path of the Volturno plain has been discussed.

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Marchetti, Dedalo, Kaiguang Zhu, Laura Marchetti, Yiqun Zhang, Wenqi Chen, Yuqi Cheng, Mengxuan Fan et al. « Quick Report on the ML = 3.3 on 1 January 2023 Guidonia (Rome, Italy) Earthquake : Evidence of a Seismic Acceleration ». Remote Sensing 15, n^o 4 (8 février 2023) : 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15040942.

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This paper investigates possible anomalies on the occasion of the ML = 3.3 earthquake, which occurred on 1st January 2023 close to Guidonia Montecelio (Rome, Italy). This earthquake followed another very close event recorded on 23 December 2022 with a magnitude ML = 3.1 (epicentral distance of less than 1 km). Seismological investigations clearly show an acceleration of seismicity in the preceding six months in a circular area of about a 60 km radius. Two conclusions coming from the time-to-failure power law fitting to the cumulative Benioff strain curve are the most probable: the ML3.3 of 1 January 2023 is the mainshock of the seismic sequence, or an incoming earthquake of a magnitude of about 4.1 provides a slightly better fit (higher determination coefficient) of the seismic data. Further investigations are necessary to assess whether the accumulated stress has been totally released. No atmospheric anomalies related to this seismic activity have been identified, even if some SO2 emissions seem to be induced by the tectonic and volcanic sources in the south Tyrrhenian Sea. Swarm satellite magnetic data show about 20 anomalous tracks six months before the Guidonia earthquake. In particular, on 16 December 2022, anomalous oscillations of the east component of the geomagnetic field are temporally compatible with the seismic acceleration, but other sources are also possible. Other anomalous magnetic signals are more likely to be associated with the ongoing seismic activity offshore of the Marche region in Italy (the strongest event up to now is Mw = 5.5 on 9 November 2022 close to Pesaro Urbino).

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Stevanoski, Ivana, Nevena Kuzmanović, Jasna Dolenc Koce, Peter Schönswetter et Božo Frajman. « Disentangling relationships between the amphi-Adriatic Euphorbia spinosa and Balkan endemic E. glabriflora (Euphorbiaceae) ». Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 194, n^o 3 (6 juin 2020) : 358–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boaa032.

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Abstract The Mediterranean region is one of the 25 biodiversity hotspots, with several species distributed on both sides of the Adriatic Sea, i.e. on the Apennine and the Balkan Peninsulas. One of these is Euphorbia spinosa, distributed in the coastal regions of the Ligurian, Tyrrhenian, Ionian and Adriatic Seas, whereas its closest relative, E. glabriflora, occurs in continental regions of the western and southern Balkan Peninsula, mostly on serpentine substrates. They differ morphologically, but transitional forms resembling E. glabriflora can be found within the range of E. spinosa and in the overlapping areas of both species, and phylogenetic relationships between them remain unclear. Using nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences, we here show that these two species form a monophyletic group closely related to the E. acanthothamnos alliance, but the relationships between them remain unresolved. Also, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprints are weakly structured, but indicate a north-west to south-east trend in genetic differentiation and two main genetic groups; however, these are not entirely congruent with morphological species boundaries. In addition, morphometric analyses indicate only weak differentiation between the taxa, mostly due to occurrence of morphologically transitional forms in contact areas between the two genetic groups. Based on our results we propose to treat both taxa as subspecies of E. spinosa and provide a taxonomic treatment with descriptions. Finally, based on the high genetic variability on the Balkan Peninsula, we hypothesize a trans-Adriatic dispersal from the Balkans to the Apennine Peninsula, probably during the Pleistocene. This is in line with previous studies of different plants with amphi-Adriatic distributions, with the exception that in E. spinosa the distributions on both peninsulas are of similar size, whereas in most other cases the distribution area on the Balkan Peninsula is larger than on the Apennine Peninsula.

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Ciannelli, Lorenzo, Antonio Cannavacciuolo, Peter Konstandinidis, Alice Mirasole, Jennifer A. T. K. Wong‐Ala, Maria Teresa Guerra, Isabella D'Ambra, Emilio Riginella et Daniela Cianelli. « Ichthyoplankton assemblages and physical characteristics of two submarine canyons in the south central Tyrrhenian Sea ». Fisheries Oceanography, 3 juin 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fog.12596.

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S. MESZAROS et P. HEDERVARI. « Some characteristics of the seismicity of the Tyrrhenian Sea Region ». Annals of Geophysics 27, n^o 1-2 (21 décembre 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-4929.

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In the first p a r t of the paper the seismic strain release of the T y r r h e n i a n Sea Region (including Italy), as the function of time, is examined on the basis of t h e d a t a of the e a r t h q u a k e s t h a t took place f r om 1901.01.01 to 1970.12.31, between the northern l a t i t u d e s of 34° and 44° and between the eastern longitudes of 8° and 18.5°, respectively. All registered shocks with a R i c h t e r - m a g n i t u d e of 5.5 or over it were considered, i n d e p e n d e n t l y f r om t h e focal d e p t h . Three periods were recognized in the a c t i v i t y ; t h e lengths of which are not t h e same, however. I n the second p a r t the elastic strain release in accordance with the focal d e p t h of t h e same e a r t h q u a k e s is t r e a t e d briefly. It was found t h at t h e t o t a l strain-release had a maximum value in t h e depth between 0 and 74 kms and there was a minimum between the depth of 300 and 524 kins with an interval between 375 and 449 kms within which no earthquakes occurred at all. The general p a t t e r n of the d i s t r i b u t i o n of seismicity as t h e f u n c t i o n of hypocentral d e p t h reminds to the well-known picture, one can experience in other regions where i n t e r m e d i a t e and deep shocks occur. This s t a t e m e n t is consistent w i t h t h e idea, according to which t h e seismicity of t h e Tyrrhenian Sea Region can be discussed and explained in t h e light of t h e theory of new global tectonics. F i n a l l y , in the t h i r d p a r t of the study, the authors have s t a t e d t h at in some cases multiple events occurred b e n e a t h t h e Tyrrhenian Sea Region. Such multiple seismic events were detected in the case of other areas, such as the Fiji-Tonga-Kermadec Region, the seismic belt of South America etc., — but, according to the knowledge of t h e authors, this is t h e first occasion when multiple seismic events are demonstrated in the Tyrrhenian Sea Region.

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« Distribution of chemical polluting factors in south italian seas along calabria coastal waters (low tyrrhenian sea, high ionian sea and straits of messina) ». Water Science and Technology 32, n^o 9-10 (1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1223(96)00095-9.

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La Mesa, Gabriele, Ivan Consalvo, Michela Angiolillo, Michela Giusti et Leonardo Tunesi. « Insights on the fish assemblages of seamounts and banks in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea (western Mediterranean Sea) : implications for the conservation of deep-sea environments ». Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 10 février 2022, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315422000017.

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Abstract Fish assemblages inhabiting a complex of south Tyrrhenian seamounts and banks were characterized using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). Fish distribution was assessed through surveying 15 ROV transects. Video segments of each transect were split into two bathymetric ranges, above and below 200 m depth. In total 28 fish taxa belonging to 22 families were recorded. The number of species observed at the Marettimo Banks and the Aceste Seamount was higher compared with the Tiberio and Scuso Seamounts. The number of species recorded in the shallow part (<200 m depth) of the Marettimo Banks and the Aceste Seamount was higher than in the deeper zone (>200 m). Assemblages were numerically dominated by Anthias anthias, Callanthias ruber and Helicolenus dactylopterus. The occurrence of some elasmobranchs of conservation concern, such as Squatina aculeata, Hexanchus griseus, Squalus blainville and Galeus melastomus, was noteworthy. Differences in fish assemblage composition were observed between the Aceste Seamount and the other sites and especially between the two bathymetric ranges. The fish distribution pattern showed significant relationships with bottom slope and some substrate types. A large occurrence of lost fishing gear characterized the sites closest to the coast (the Marettimo Banks and the Scuso Seamount), providing, along with scanty observations of commercially important fishes, evidence of heavy fishing activities. The adoption of conservation and management actions in the investigated seamounts and banks, such as their inclusion in the Natura 2000 network, would be very helpful to protect some threatened elasmobranchs and restore valuable deep-sea habitats.

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Milisenda, Giacomo, Germana Garofalo, Fabio Fiorentino, Francesco Colloca, Francesc Maynou, Alessandro Ligas, Claudia Musumeci et al. « Identifying Persistent Hot Spot Areas of Undersized Fish and Crustaceans in Southern European Waters : Implication for Fishery Management Under the Discard Ban Regulation ». Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (5 février 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.610241.

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The recent establishment of the “landing obligation” under the reformed EU Common Fishery Policy has the twofold objective of reducing the excessive practice of discarding unwanted catch at sea and encouraging more selective and sustainable fisheries. Within this context, the awareness of the spatial distribution of potential unwanted catches is important for devising management measures aimed to decrease discards. This study analyzed the distribution of Hot Spot density areas of demersal fish and crustaceans below the Minimum Conservation Reference Size (MCRS) in four different southern European seas: continental Portuguese coast, Catalan Sea, South of Sicily, Liguria and northern Tyrrhenian Seas using both bottom trawl survey data and information on the spatial distribution of commercial fisheries. Critical areas for discarding were identified as zones where the highest densities of individuals below MCRS were consistently recorded throughout a series of years. Results clearly showed a patchy distribution of undersized individuals in each investigated area, highlighting the overlap between high density patches of both discards and fishing effort. The present findings provide a relevant knowledge for supporting the application of spatial-based management actions, such as the designation of Fisheries Restricted Areas (FRAs), in order to minimize the by-catch of undersized specimens and improve the sustainability of demersal fisheries.

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Scacchia, Elena, Roberto Tinterri et Fabiano Gamberi. « The Influence of Channel Planform and Slope Topography on Turbidity Current Overbank Processes : The Example of the Acquarone Fan (Southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea) ». Frontiers in Earth Science 9 (10 janvier 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.785164.

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Overbank deposits provide a potentially valuable record of flows that have passed through a submarine channel. The architecture of overbank deposits has generally assumed to relate to autogenic processes related to channel construction. In previous models, which are largely based on passive margins, the distribution and geometry of these deposits is relatively simple, and hence generally predictable. Here, we show how the interaction of different flow types with the complex morphology on a highly-tectonically modified margin can profoundly affect overbank depositional processes, and hence also the resultant deposit geometry and architecture. Our case study is the Acquarone Fan, located in the intraslope Gioia Basin in the south-eastern Tyrrhenian Sea, whose topography is mainly controlled by the presence of the Acquarone structural ridge, which results in the confinement of the left south-west side of the channel-levee system. The research is carried out through analysis of multibeam bathymetric and high-resolution Chirp sub-bottom profiler data. Seven depositional units (Units I-VII) record the recent depositional history of the fan; their thickness has been mapped and their parent flow-types have been interpreted through their seismic response. According to unit thickness maps, two main patterns of deposition are recognized in the overbank area. Their depocenters coincide with different extensive sediment wave fields developed in specific tracts of the right levee and in the frontal splay area. We show that the location of the depocenters varies in time according to the prevalent flow-type and by its interaction with the surrounding seafloor topography and channel planform. We interpret that the lateral confinement of the channel by the structural high generates episodic rebound of the overspilling flow and the inversion of the channel asymmetry. The vertical stratification of the flow strongly influences the overbank deposition where the channel planform has a non-linear shape such as bends and knick-points. In particular, the vertical stratification influences the hydraulic jump size that conditions the amount of overspill and thus the location of overbank depocenters. This study highlights that variations in the sediment distribution and composition on the overbank can be related to the way different flows interact with tectonic setting.

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Neri, Giancarlo, Barbara Orecchio, Debora Presti, Silvia Scolaro et Cristina Totaro. « Recent Seismicity in the Area of the Major, 1908 Messina Straits Earthquake, South Italy ». Frontiers in Earth Science 9 (12 juillet 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.667501.

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High-quality non-linear hypocenter locations and waveform inversion focal mechanisms of recent, shallow earthquakes of the Messina Straits have allowed us to obtain the following main results: 1) seismicity has occurred below the east-dipping north-striking fault proposed by most investigators as the source of the 1908, magnitude 7.1 Messina earthquake, while it has been substantially absent in correspondence of the fault and above it; 2) earthquake locations and related strain space distributions do not exhibit well defined trends reflecting specific faults but they mark the existence of seismogenic rock volumes below the 1908 fault representing primary weakness zones of a quite fractured medium; 3) focal mechanisms reveal normal and right-lateral faulting in the Straits, reverse faulting at the southern border of it (Ionian sea south of the Ionian fault), and normal faulting at the northern border (southeastern Tyrrhenian sea offshore southern Calabria); 4) these faulting regimes are compatible with the transitional character of the Messina Straits between the zone of rollback of the in-depth continuous Ionian subducting slab (southern Calabria) and the collisional zone where the subduction slab did already undergo detachment (southwest of the Ionian fault); 5) the whole seismicity of the study area, including also the less recent earthquakes analyzed by previous workers, is compared to patterns of geodetic horizontal strain and uplift rates available from the literature. We believe that the joint action of Africa-Europe plate convergence and rollback of the Ionian subducting slab plays a primary role as regard to the local dynamics and seismicity of the Messina Straits area. At the same time, low horizontal strain rates and large spatial variations of uplift rate observed in this area of strong normal-faulting earthquakes lead us to include a new preliminary hypothesis of deep-seated sources concurring to local vertical dynamics into the current debate on the geodynamics of the study region.

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