Bibliographies thématiques / Soil consumption by urbanisation

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Soil consumption by urbanisation »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Soil consumption by urbanisation"

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Fitzhugh, Hank. « Contribution of livestock to food production in developing countries ». Agricultural and Food Science 7, no 2 (1 janvier 1998) : 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72859.

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On a global basis, livestock products - meat, milk, eggs and fibre - account for 40% of the value of total marketed agricultural product. Animal products provide essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals to help ensure nutritionally balanced diets. In developing countries, livestock traction and manure also contribute to food production through improved cultivation and soil fertility which increase crop yields. On average, the proportional contribution of livestock product to dietary calories and protein in developed countries is double that for developing countries. Demand for livestock products is fuelled by the population increase, income growth and urbanisation in developing countries. Therefore, over the past decade, consumption of livestock product has sharply increased in developing countries, while slightly decreasing in developed countries where consumption is already relatively high on average. Increased demand in developing countries increases income for producers, but also stresses the environment through pollution, soil erosion, overgrazing and deforestation. Research involving global partnerships of scientists and institutes can help ensure that the increased demands for livestock product in developing countries will be met in economically feasible and environmentally sustainable ways.
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Manna, Ashim Kumar. « Regional Resource Urbanism, Envisioning an Adaptive Transition for the Urbanising Periphery of Kathmandu ». International Journal of Environmental Science & ; Sustainable Development 6, no 1 (30 juin 2021) : 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v6i1.788.

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Despite a strong tradition of harmony between the landscape and its settlements, Kathmandu's periphery now stands altered due to the contemporary challenges of modernisation. It has become the contested territory where rapid urbanisation and infrastructure projects conflict with the valley's last remaining resources. i.e., fertile soil, floodplains, water sources, forests and agricultural land. The periphery is essential in preserving the remaining agricultural landscape, which is the mainstay of the numerous traditional communities of Kathmandu. Both the occupants and the productive landscape are threatened due to haphazard urbanisation and future mobility projects, resulting in speculative and uncontrolled sprawl. A detailed investigation was conducted on a site 15km south of Kathmandu to address the city's landscape challenges. The chosen investigation frame presented the suitable conditions to study and test strategies posed by the research objectives. The research utilises landscape urbanism and cartography to reveal the landscape's latent capacities, identify the spatial qualities, stakeholders and typologies involved in the production and consumption of resources. The study identifies existing resource flows and their ability to generate future scenarios. Systematic design strategies were applied in resource recovery projects by optimising enterprising capacity building within communities after the earthquake. The research recognises the merit in existing practices, community networks, the ongoing post-earthquake rebuilding efforts in offering an alternative design strategy in which landscape becomes the carrying structure for the sustainable reorganisation of Kathmandu's periphery.
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Cavalieri, Anthony, Andrew Merchant et Elizabeth van Volkenburgh. « Why not beans ? » Functional Plant Biology 38, no 12 (2011) : iii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fpv38n12_fo.

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Changes in climate and urbanisation rapidly affecting human livelihood are particularly threatening to developing nations in tropical regions. Food production crises have focused the global development agenda on agricultural research, a proven approach for increasing crop yield. A few crops benefit from private investment, but improvement of most crops will rely on limited public funding that must be deployed strategically, pushing forward both proven approaches and new ideas. Why not invest in beans? More than 300 million people rely on this crop, considered to be the most important grain legume for human consumption. Yet the yield of beans, especially in poor regions or marginal soils, is reduced by abiotic stresses such as phosphorus deficiency, aluminum toxicity and especially drought. Is it possible to assemble resources, including genetic diversity in beans, breeding expertise, genomic information and tools, and physiological insight to generate rapid progress in developing new lines of beans more tolerant to abiotic stress? A workshop to address this question was held in November 2010 at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) in Colombia. The resulting ‘call to action’ is presented in this issue which also includes research papers focused on tolerance of beans to stress.
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Yurdakul, Funda. « Correlations between energy consumption per capita, growth rate, industrialisation, trade volume and urbanisation : the case of Turkey ». New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no 10 (12 janvier 2018) : 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v4i10.3085.

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This study examines the relationship of energy consumption per capita with growth rate, industrialisation, trade volume and urbanisation in Turkish economy throughout the 1980–2015 period using the Engle-Granger, Fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), canonical cointegration regression (CCR) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) methods. Analysis results revealed a long-run equilibrium relationship between the change in energy consumption per capita and growth rate, industrialisation, trade volume and urbanisation. Urbanisation, industrialisation, growth rate and trade volume positively influence the change in energy consumption per capita. Keywords: Energy consumption, Engle-Granger method, fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) method, canonical cointegration regression (CCR), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) method.
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Doichinova, Vania, Miglena Zhiyanski et Andrew Hursthouse. « Impact of urbanisation on soil characteristics ». Environmental Chemistry Letters 3, no 4 (30 novembre 2005) : 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10311-005-0024-z.

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Chen, Shuyang. « The Urbanisation Impacts on the Policy Effects of the Carbon Tax in China ». Sustainability 13, no 12 (15 juin 2021) : 6749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126749.

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In the literature, very few studies have focused on how urbanisation will influence the policy effects of a climate policy even though urbanisation does have profound socioeconomic impacts. This paper has explored the interrelations among the urbanisation, carbon emissions, GDP, and energy consumption in China using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. Then, the unit urbanisation impacts are inputted into the policy evaluation framework of the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model in 2015–2030. The results show that the urbanisation had a positive impact on the GDP but a negative impact on the carbon emissions in 1980–2014. These impacts were statistically significant, but its impact on the energy consumption was not statistically significant. In 2015–2030, the urbanisation will have negative impacts on the carbon emissions and intensity. It will decrease the GDP and the household welfare under the carbon tax. The urbanisation will increase the average social cost of carbon (ASCC). Hence, the urbanisation will reinforce the policy effects of the carbon tax on the emissions and welfare.
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ZHOU, Zhihua. « China Launches New Urbanisation Plan (2014-2020) ». East Asian Policy 06, no 02 (avril 2014) : 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930514000129.

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China's new leadership pins high hopes on New Urbanisation as the engine to transform China into a domestic consumption-driven economy and solve its sannong issue to ease rural and urban disparity. The recently released National New Urbanisation Plan pinpointed the external economic conditions and the problems that had emerged in the previous urbanisation orbit, and is expected to serve as a strategic, comprehensive and instructional compendium for future urbanisation.
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Ali, Muez. « Urbanisation and energy consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa ». Electricity Journal 34, no 10 (décembre 2021) : 107045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2021.107045.

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Wang, Qiang. « Effects of urbanisation on energy consumption in China ». Energy Policy 65 (février 2014) : 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.10.005.

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Jiu, Jinzhu, Hongjuan Wu et Sen Li. « The Implication of Land-Use/Land-Cover Change for the Declining Soil Erosion Risk in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no 10 (26 mai 2019) : 1856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101856.

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The Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR) in China is an ecologically and politically important region experiencing rapid land use/cover changes and prone to many environment hazards related to soil erosion. In the present study, we: (1) estimated recent changes in the risk pattern of soil erosion in the TGRR, (2) analysed how the changes in soil erosion risks could be associated with land use and land cover change, and (3) examined whether the interactions between urbanisation and natural resource management practices may exert impacts on the risks. Our results indicated a declining trend of soil erosion risk from 14.7 × 106 t in 2000 to 1.10 × 106 t in 2015, with the most risky areas being in the central and north TGRR. Increase in the water surface of the Yangtze River (by 61.8%, as a consequence of water level rise following the construction of the Three Gorges Dam), was found to be negatively associated with soil erosion risk. Afforestation (with measured increase in forest extent by 690 km2 and improvement of NDVI by 8.2%) in the TGRR was associated with positive soil erosion risk mitigation. An interaction between urbanisation (urban extant increased by 300 km2) and vegetation diversification (decreased by 0.01) was identified, through which the effect of vegetation diversification on soil erosion risk was negative in areas having lower urbanisation rates only. Our results highlight the importance of prioritising cross-sectoral policies on soil conservation to balance the trade-offs between urbanisation and natural resource management.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Soil consumption by urbanisation"

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Rein, B. K., G. W. Thacker et W. E. Coates. « Energy Consumption and Yields for Cotton Tillage Systems ». College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204818.

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The energy consumption of 2 alternative tillage systems for continuous cotton production in Arizona were compared to a conventional system. The tests were conducted at the University of Arizona Marana Agricultural Center. Results of the study in a Pima I clay loam soil showed the sundance treatment to have the lowest energy requirement of 39 Hp-hr /ac (73 kW-h/ha); the USM system had the second highest of 58 Hp-hr /ac (107 kW-h/ha). The conventional system required 67 Hp-hr /ac (124 kW- h/ha). Average yields for all 3 systems were not significantly different. A continuation of this study will be conducted to determine long-term effects on energy consumption, yields, and soil compaction.
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Ayuk, James. « Water regime requirements and possible climate change effects on Fynbos Biome Restionaceae ». University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6766.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
The Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of southern Africa is one of the world’s most unique biodiversity hotspots. However, this biodiversity continues to be threatened by habitat loss due to rapid urbanisation, agriculture and alien vegetation encroachment, and now, by future groundwater extraction and climate change. Previous work had shown that soil moisture is important in structuring wetland plant communities at fine-scale. What is not fully known, however, is how the spatial distribution of species at a local scale is related to soil hydrology and what the response in the future of species distributions will be to perturbations arising from changes in climate or subsurface moisture in the future. The current research investigated the water regime of the Restionaceae which is a key family in the Fynbos biome and the implications of possible changes in soil hydrology caused by climate change in communities within this region. The Restionaceae were particularly appropriate because they are shallow rooted perennials with the ability to tolerate a wide range of water regimes which allows them to successfully co-habit within mixed plant communities as segregated clusters along fine-scale hydrologic gradients. Vegetation survey counts for the presence of these species along with measurements of soil water table depth and moisture content data generated from eight small-scale plots (50 x 50 m) were used to investigate the possible hydrological niches and to envision the potential impacts of a substantial reduction in rainfall and an increase in temperature as projected by Global Climate Models (GCMs) on the structure of Restionaceae communities in seasonal wetlands by 2100. A comparative analysis of the effects of two extreme Representative Concentration emission Pathways (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) on significant hydrological variables to plant water regimes was carried out. The IPCC AR5 report describes the RCP8.5 emissions scenario as the likely ‘business as usual’ scenario where emissions continue to rise through the 21st century while the RCP2.6 scenario assumes that emissions peak between 2010 and 2020 and substantially subside thereafter.
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Muchelo, Ronald Omeli. « Urban expansion and loss of prime agricultural land in Sub-Saharan Africa : a challenge to soil conservation and food security ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18116.

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Urbanisation often involves the conversion of various land use and land cover (LULC) classes including agricultural land to urban uses and leads to loss of soil diversity. Unfortunately, there is limited literature on soils lost in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) cities due to lack of detailed soil information yet this region is the fastest growing globally. This study attempts to bridge this gap by using remote sensing data and digital soil mapping (DSM) techniques to assess the rate of agricultural land conversion, determine the appropriate pre-urban soil prediction model and estimate the extent of loss of soils diversity and urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) using urban centres in Uganda as case studies. Multi-temporal LULC classification of Landsat ETM+ and TM images showed that built-up area in Kampala expanded 8 times between 1989 and 2015 and 5 times in Mbarara between 2002 and 2016 as a result of the conversion of savannah, wetlands and systematic targeting of agricultural land. DSM techniques involving legacy soil data and soil observations were used to predict the pre-urban soil patterns by modelling the relationships between observed soil classes and environmental covariates using random forests (RF), Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) and Boosted Regression Trees (BT) algorithms. The overall prediction accuracy was over 70% producing soil maps at 30m resolution. The soil diversity loss was determined by overlaying RF soil map with the multi-temporal LULC maps. The results show that 74% of the soils lost were in high and medium quality class for agricultural production. Moreover, the average size of farms under UPA decreased from about 1.9 acres in 2002 to about 0.5 acres in 2015. This study has revealed that DSM techniques and remote sensing can be useful in quantifying the loss of soil diversity to urbanisation and provides quantitative evidence that rapid urbanisation could lead to loss of good soils and increase food insecurity in SSA cities.
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Harb, Jamal. « A health risk assessment on the consumption of trace metals found in crops grown on biosolids-amended soil ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0028/MQ51750.pdf.

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Asabere, Stephen Boahen [Verfasser]. « Urbanisation, Land Use and Soil Resource : Spatio-Temporal Analyses of Trends and Environmental Effects in Two Metropolitan Regions of Ghana (West Africa) / Stephen Boahen Asabere ». Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1224100360/34.

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Johansson, Marcus. « Soil Moisture Monitoring System Using LoRaWAN Technology ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105670.

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An IoT device measuring soil moisture to help a municipality improve the work surrounding irrigation is deployed for testing and used by the concerned municipal workers. The IoT device is an initial prototype using Pycom’s LoPy4 with expansion board 3.1 and 3xAAA batteries as power supply. The prototype is not suitable for larger-scale testing due to the size, cost, and power consumption. This thesis focuses on decreasing the cost and size while increasing the battery life for the IoT device.The IoT device is communicating using the LoRaWAN protocol. For the device to be as energy-efficient as possible, the LoRa and LoRaWAN protocol are explored to use all possibilities to save energy. Active time and power consumption between different spreading factors are examined and discussed for power consumption and range concerns. The prototype produced by the work performed in this thesis is used to measure soil moisture. The microcontrollers selected and tested will not restrict to that purpose. The microcontrollers can integrate with many kinds of sensors. Integration with other types of sensors is under future work in this thesis. The integration possibilities making the thesis relevant for anyone with an intermediate knowledge inprogramming wanting to get introduced into the IoT development cycle, develop aLoRa node, and learning how to use the LoRaWAN stack with MicroPython.
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Rao, Deepa S. B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. « Exploring the microbe-mediated soil H² sink : a lab-based study of the physiology and related H² consumption of isolates from the Harvard Forest LTER ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114352.

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Thesis: Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 91-92).
Atmospheric hydrogen (H²) is a secondary greenhouse gas that attenuates the removal of methane (CH⁴) from the atmosphere. The largest and least understood term in the H² biogeochemical cycle, microbe-mediated soil uptake, is responsible for about 80% of Earth's tropospheric H² sink. A recent discovery of the first H²-oxidizing soil microorganism (Streptomyces sp. PCB7) containing a low-threshold, high-affinity NiFe-hydrogenase functional at ambient H² levels (approx. 530 ppb) made it possible to identify a model organism to characterize microbial H²-uptake behavior. In the present research, several strains of Streptomyces containing the high-affinity NiFe-hydrogenase were isolated from the Harvard Forest LTER and used to characterize H² uptake alongside analysis of their life cycles. It was found that containing the gene encoding for the specific hydrogenase predicted H² uptake behavior in the wild Streptomyces strains and also in more distantly related organisms that contained the gene. The H² uptake rates were correlated with the microorganisms' life cycles, reaching a maximal uptake corresponding with spore formation. Understanding how environmental conditions, organismal life cycle, and H² uptake are connected can help reduce the uncertainty in atmospheric models. With the rise of H²-based energy sources and a potential change in the tropospheric concentration of H² , understanding the sources and sinks of this trace gas is important for the future.
by Deepa Rao.
S.B.
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Cruz, Antonio Carlos Rodrigues. « Consumo de água por cultura de citros cultivada em latossolo vermelho amarelo ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-20102003-153219/.

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A produção das culturas e, particularmente neste estudo, a de citros, associada às condições climáticas e edáficas, é função da presença de água e nutrientes no solo em época e quantidades apropriadas. Sua falta ou excesso é fator limitante à produção, determinando em muitos casos a sua diminuição. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi a avaliação do consumo de água de pomares de citros em Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo Distrófico argissólico, pela determinação do balanço hídrico no solo, na busca de explicar cientificamente o comportamento hídrico dessa cultura neste solo ao longo do ano agrícola e a influência do consumo de água sobre a produtividade da cultura. O balanço hídrico foi conduzido em duas transeções com 20 plantas e 100 m de comprimento (7 x 4 m), localizadas no campo experimental de citros, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Esalq/USP, município de Piracicaba (SP). A condutividade hidráulica para a profundidade controle (1,10 m) foi determinada pelo método do perfil instantâneo conduzido em área adjacente. O armazenamento foi determinado com o uso de sonda de nêutrons. A drenagem interna e/ou ascensão capilar foi medida pela leitura diária de três tensiômetros instalados na projeção da copa (2 m do tronco) das 40 plantas em três profundidades: 1,00 m, 1,10 m e 1,20 m. A precipitação pluvial foi medida por pluviôgrafo instalado na área e foi considerada normal para o período do ano monitorado (agosto-agosto). A extração de água por uma planta do pomar também foi medida pela instalação de tensiômetros nas profundidades 0.2 m, 0.4 m, 0.6 m, 0.8 m e 1.0 m e a 0.4 m, 0.8 m, 1.2 m, 1,6 m e 2.0 m do tronco em direção à linha e em direção à entrelinha. A evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc) média desta comunidade de plantas foi de 1271 mm, sendo a variação da ETc diária entre 0,4 e 8,3 mm dia -1 e a razão ETc/ECA variando entre 0,3 e 1,5 para os meses de menor e maior necessidade hídrica. A camada de 0,40 à 0,60 m de profundidade mostrou ser que a cultura de citros apresenta maior volume de raízes. Em futuros projetos de irrigação por gotejadores (irrigação localizada) para a cultura de citros, a distância de 0,40 m do tronco deve ser a adotada para a obtenção da melhor eficiência.
The agricultural yield and, particularly in this study, the citrus yield, associated to weather and soil conditions, is dependent on the presence of water and nutrients in the soil in appropriate amounts along the time. Its lack or excess is a limiting factor to the production, determining in many cases its decrease. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the water consumption by citrus orchards in a Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo(Oxisol), by the means of the soil water balance determination aiming at the scientific explanation of the hydric behavior of this crops in this soil, along the agricultural year, and the influence of the water consumption on the crop productivity. The soil water balance was determined in two transects, 100 m length (7 x 4 m) and 20 plants each, located at the experimental fields of the Vegetable Crop Department, Esalq/USP, Piracicaba (SP - Brazil). The hydraulic conductivity for the control depth (1,10 m) was determined by the instantaneous profile method carried out in an adjacent area. The water storage was measured by a neutron probe. The internal drainage and/or capillary rise was measured by the daily reading of three tensiometers installed under each one of the 40 trees (2 m from stem) at three depths: 1.00 m, 1.10 m and 1.20 m. The rainfall was measured by means of a pluviographer installed in the area and it was considered normal for the period of the monitored year (August-August). Water extraction of one plant of the orchard was also assessed installing tensiometers at the depths 0.2 m, 0.4 m, 0.6 m, 0.8 and 1.0 and 0.4 m, 0.8 m, 1.2 m, 1.6 m and 2,0 from the stem along and perpendicular to the plants line. The annual evapotranspiration of the crop (Etc) was 1271 mm and the daily one varied from 0.4 to 8.3 mm dia -1 . The ETc/ECA ratio varied from 0.3 to 1.5 for the months with lowest and highest water need. The soil layer in which the citrus presented the highest volume of roots was 0,40 – 0,60 m. In future drip irrigation projects (trickle irrigation) for the citrus, the distance of 0.40 m from stem should be adopted to obtain the highest irrigation efficiency.
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Lübbe, Torben Verfasser], Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Leuschner et Dirk [Gutachter] [Hölscher. « Effects of tree species diversity and soil drought on productivity, water consumption and hydraulic functioning of five temperate broad-leaved tree species / Torben Lübbe. Betreuer : Christoph Leuschner. Gutachter : Christoph Leuschner ; Dirk Hölscher ». Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1105760073/34.

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Poyat, Yannick. « La cartographie des services écosystémiques rendus par les sols : un nouvel outil pour des projets d'urbanisme durable ». Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://theses.scd.univ-tours.fr/index.php?fichier=priv/2018/yannick.poyat_8186.pdf.

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En France, l’expansion des aires urbaines suit une évolution quasi-linéaire depuis les années 1990, en progressant d’environ 57 000 ha par an. Cette situation est contradictoire car l’urbanisation induit la destruction d’une ressource naturelle indispensable au maintien du bien-être de l’Homme : le sol. La connaissance du sol est perçue comme une contrainte en urbanisme puisque celle-ci contribue à remettre en question l’aspect destructeur des projets urbains. Cependant, compte tenu de la dichotomie entre pédologie et urbanisme, nous pouvons supposer que les élus locaux n’ont simplement pas connaissance des enjeux environnementaux et socio-économiques liés à la préservation des sols. Un travail d’enquêtes a donc été mené auprès d’élus locaux pour comprendre les liens d’influence entre représentations et pratiques. Les résultats montrent que le sol est conservé à partir du moment où les services écosystémiques qu’il supporte bénéficient d’une reconnaissance d’intérêt partagée localement. La connaissance de cette valeur sociale peut être considérée comme une étape préalable à la conception d’outils d’aide à la décision, destinés à intégrer la question du sol au sein des processus de planification urbaine
In France, the expansion of urban areas has followed an almost linear evolution since the 1990s, increasing by about 57,000 ha per year. This situation is unsustainable because urbanization induces the destruction of a nonrenewable natural resource essential for the maintenance of human welfare : the soil. Soil knowledge is perceived as a constraint in urban planning in so far as it contributes to questioning the destructive aspect of urban projects. However, given the dichotomy between pedology and urbanism, we can hypothesis that local politicians do not have knowledge of environmental and socio-economic issues related to soil conservation. A survey work was therefore conducted with local politicians to understand the relationship between representations and practices. Results show that the soil is preserved as soon as the ecosystem services it supports are broadly reconised. Knowledge of this social value can be seen as a prerequisite for designing decision support tools to integrate sustainable soil management into urban planning processes
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Livres sur le sujet "Soil consumption by urbanisation"

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Cities and consumption. Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge, 2005.

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Elberling, Bo. Subsurface oxygen consumption : Environmental controls & impacts. [Copenhagen] : Kongelige Danske geografiske selskab, 2005.

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Urbanisation et érosion accélérée dans la ville de Yaoundé : Comment améliorer la conservation de l'environnement urbain en milieu tropical humide. [Dakar] : Union pour l'étude de la population africaine, 1996.

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Blum, Winfried E. H. Problems of soil conservation : Study on the effects of global and local impacts on soils, with special reference to soil erosion, soil acidification, soil pollution by heavy metals and soil over-consumption through infrastructural development. Strasbourg : Council of Europe, 1988.

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Schäfer, Fred. Reduced Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Automobile Engines. Vienna : Springer Vienna, 1995.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, dir. Water Resources in Mexico : Scarcity, Degradation, Stress, Conflicts, Management, and Policy. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Wong, Pui Ting, et Yuan Xu. Residential Electricity Consumption in Urbanizing China : Time Use and Climate-Friendly Living. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.

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Wong, Pui Ting, et Yuan Xu. Residential Electricity Consumption in Urbanizing China : Time Use and Climate-Friendly Living. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.

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Residential Electricity Consumption in Urbanizing China : Time Use and Climate-Friendly Living. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.

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Paris, Mario. Making Prestigious Places : How Luxury Influences the Transformation of Cities. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Soil consumption by urbanisation"

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Munafò, Michele, et Luca Congedo. « Soil consumption monitoring in Italy ». Dans Urban Expansion, Land Cover and Soil Ecosystem Services, 217–30. London ; Boston : Routledge, 2017. : Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315715674-13.

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Sneyd, Lauren. « Wild Food Consumption and Urban Food Security ». Dans Rapid Urbanisation, Urban Food Deserts and Food Security in Africa, 143–55. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43567-1_11.

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Arun, Sija, Moitraiyee Mukhopadhyay et Paromita Chakraborty. « A Review on Antibiotics Consumption, Physico-Chemical Properties and Their Sources in Asian Soil ». Dans Soil Biology, 39–53. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66260-2_3.

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Schlacke, Sabine, et Ulrike Jürschik. « Urbanisation and Urban Land Use : A Normative Compass for Sustainable Urban Governance ». Dans International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy 2018, 3–28. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00758-4_1.

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Montaldo, S. « Local foods, food quality and agricultural soil consumption : new challenges for the European Union ». Dans The ethics of consumption, 147–52. Wageningen : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-784-4_23.

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Amato, Federico, Federico Martellozzo, Beniamino Murgante et Gabriele Nolè. « A Quantitative Prediction of Soil Consumption in Southern Italy ». Dans Computational Science and Its Applications -- ICCSA 2015, 798–812. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21470-2_58.

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Balena, Pasquale, Valentina Sannicandro et Carmelo Maria Torre. « Spatial Multicrierial Evaluation of Soil Consumption as a Tool for SEA ». Dans Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2014, 446–58. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09150-1_32.

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Hutchinson, G. L., et Eric A. Davidson. « Processes for Production and Consumption of Gaseous Nitrogen Oxides in Soil ». Dans Agricultural Ecosystem Effects on Trace Gases and Global Climate Change, 79–93. Madison, WI, USA : American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub55.c5.

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Conrad, Ralf. « Soil Microbial Processes Involved in Production and Consumption of Atmospheric Trace Gases ». Dans Advances in Microbial Ecology, 207–50. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7724-5_5.

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Perry, Roland N. « Behavioural and physiological assays. » Dans Techniques for work with plant and soil nematodes, 177–94. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786391759.0177.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on some of the principal techniques for analysing nematode behaviour and physiology, such as attraction/repulsion plate assays, pluronic gel assays, movement assays, electrophysiology, stylet activity, water content changes, oxygen consumption assays, collection of female sex pheromone, virgin females and males and viability tests, among others.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Soil consumption by urbanisation"

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Marathe, S. D., et L. Eltrop. « Domestic energy consumption patterns in Kigali, Rwanda - how disparate are they in view of urbanisation ? » Dans 2017 International Conference on the Domestic Use of Energy (DUE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/due.2017.7931834.

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« Monitoring Soil Moisture Consumption in Guilan Province ». Dans International Conference on Chemical, Agricultural and Biological Sciences. Emirates Research Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/erpub.er915094.

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Salgado Cofré, Daniela, et Álvaro Mercado Jara. « Going to the Clay : Exploring Conflicts and Values of the Soil in Valparaiso ». Dans LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.60.

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This proposition presents a design and artistic research focused on the soil that aims to generate active and poetic forms of reflection around the fragile interdependence of human and non-human lives in an increasingly precarious urban environment, emphasised by the current ecological crisis. In order to engage in such reflections, this practice-oriented research —led by designers, architects, artists and educators— collects relational modes of material interdependence in the region of Valparaíso, Chile, by exploring veins and clay pits for pottery making that are relevant and known by artisans and artists of this area. These spaces are threatened by the increasingly precarious environmental conditions that are exacerbated by the monoculture of the land, the reconstitution of the soil by massive urbanisation projects, and the inaccessibility to clay pits due to the replacement of the commons by the privatisation and exploitation of the land. These urban conflicts generate deterritorialisation that contrasts with the significant relevance and values that these spaces hold for artists, artisans, and other groups, that promote their protection and the respectful interaction with the soil. Against this background, this practice-oriented research explores and expects to make visible the transformation of these lands by following the uses of the soil, identifying conflicts and values that emerge around these extraction sites through immersive sensitive experiences. These immersions into different clay pits consist of walking around, observing the ground, sensing the space, collecting clay from the soil together, sensing and manipulating the material to explore its properties. Thus, by examining the materials, voices and artistic expressions —in the form of poems, sound compositions, images, drawings, photos, cartographies and clay objects— co-produced during four immersions into diverse veins of the Valparaíso Region, we expect to bring back to the fore alternative modes of reflexivity around these sites. This sum of collective experiences for exploration and creation in the veins and clay pits of Valparaíso serves to trace other relational ways of inhabiting, valuing and working with the soil. Therefore, we envisage this practice-oriented research project as a poetic alternative to critically question the modern technocratic logics of urbanisation that operate in the region through the commodification and overexploitation of the land.
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Deuel, Lloyd E., et George H. Holliday. « Oxygen Consumption as a Measure of Oil Impacted Soil Treatability ». Dans ASME 2002 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2002/ee-29136.

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We know petroleum hydrocarbons degrade in soil via chemical, physical, and biological pathways. Innovative remediation technologies enhance degradation by one or more pathways e.g., in-situ and ex-situ. The typical goal of degradation is to achieve the applicable regulatory criteria. Some, State Agencies, e.g., Louisiana, Texas, require oil total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) contamination levels be reduced to ≤10,000 mg/kg. However, other agencies, e.g., New Mexico and California, require oil contamination levels reduced to <1,000 mg/kg. Even 100 mg/kg is not uncommon, e.g., Los Angeles, County, CA. Microbial populations and substrate availability often limit biodegradation at petroleum hydrocarbon levels <1,000 mg/kg. Conventional laboratory biodegradation microcosm studies require an inordinate amount of time to evaluate petroleum hydrocarbon treatability (as measured by loss of analyte) and even more time to optimize treatment parameters that facilitate or improve kinetics (lower half-life values). Two studies discussed here demonstrate the utility of oxygen consumption respirometry in evaluating oil impacted soil treatability. In the first study, oxygen consumption rates were measured after a 1-week incubation period at varying TPH levels (5800 and 1000 mg/kg), carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratios (100:1 and 25:1), and manure content (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 percent). Results showed TPH and C:N ratios significant at < 1 percent level and manure significant at < 5 percent level. The second study, a longer-term study (132 day) showed oxygen consumption resulted from degradation of gasoline range (GRO) and diesel range (DRO) fractions of TPH. These studies provide a means of evaluating treatability of low concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbon and a method for assessing treatment options that are passive in nature, but less destructive to the environment.
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Donghui Lv, Decheng Wang et Yong You. « Fuel consumption test and analysis for a soil-gashing and root-cutting Machine ». Dans 2011 Louisville, Kentucky, August 7 - August 10, 2011. St. Joseph, MI : American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.37198.

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Damanauskas, Vidas. « Dependence of fuel consumption on winter rape stubble tillage quality in clay loam soil ». Dans 18th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev2019.18.n295.

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Damanauskas, Vidas, Aleksandras Velykis et Antanas Satkus. « Dependence of fuel consumption of medium power tractor on different soil and tire deformations ». Dans 16th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Agriculture, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev2017.16.n102.

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Jizhe Zhang, Decheng Wang, Hongbin Ren, Guanghui Wang, Yong You et Hongfang Yuan. « Modeling of Power Consumption of a Rotary Blade using Indoor Soil-Bin Test Data ». Dans 2011 Louisville, Kentucky, August 7 - August 10, 2011. St. Joseph, MI : American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.37333.

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Lostowski, Adrian, Andrzej Wilczek, Marcin Kafarski, Arkadiusz Lewandowski, Agnieszka Szyplowska, Wojciech Skierucha et Michal Abramowicz. « Wireless IoT communication module with low power consumption for a soil moisture and salinity sensor ». Dans 2020 Baltic URSI Symposium (URSI). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ursi48707.2020.9253753.

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Brovelli, M. A., M. Crespi, C. E. Kilsedar, M. Munafo, R. Ravanelli et A. Strollo. « Land Cover and Soil Consumption Monitoring with a FOS Geoportal in Five Italian Big Urban Areas ». Dans IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9324718.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Soil consumption by urbanisation"

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Dragicevic, Hilary. Everything Except the Soil : Understanding wild food consumption during the lean season in South Sudan. Oxfam, octobre 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2017.1015.

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Kurkiev, K. U., V. Z. Gasanova, N. S. Taymazova et M. H. Gadzhimagomedova. THE MANIFESTATION OF PRODUCTIVITY FEATURES AND THEIR CONTRACTION IN THE GRADE OF RYE AT GROWING IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOIL CONSUMPTION. Modern Science Success, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15217/daggau-668452.

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Price, Roz. Measuring Carbon Emissions From Low carbon Cities in Rapidly Urbanising Countries – Nepal. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), septembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.142.

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Climate change and urbanisation are inextricably linked. With the acceleration of urbanisation in many developing countries, urban areas play a major role in energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. This is true of Nepal, which has experienced rapid urbanisation in recent decades. However, no studies were identified that evaluate the efforts of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from low carbon cities in rapidly urbanising developing countries. Although, there is literature out there on this that focuses on developed countries and the Global North, this is outside the scope of this report. Given the rapid nature of this review and its limitations it was not possible to fully answer the question of whether investments in low-carbon cities reduce carbon emissions in rapidly urbanising contexts. The first section of this report looks at the theory of low carbon cities and touches on some of the methodologies for measuring carbon emissions from cities (and the complexities and difficulties with these). The second section looks at Nepal in more detail, highlighting previous literature which has attempted to quantify emissions from cities in Nepal (namely Kathmandu Valley) and the co-benefits of low carbon investment in Nepal. However, overall, literature was largely limited on these topics, and was often older being from 5 years or more ago. Of note is an emissions inventory for Nepal for 2016 by Sadavarte et al. (2019) – although other literature notes that data on emission characteristics are still limited (IMC Worldwide, 2020). ICLEI (2009) also produced city emissions profiles for 3 Nepalese cities, but these are quite outdated. There are several studies related to low carbon development pathways for major cities in developed countries or China, however such studies from the perspective of emerging cities from the developing world are limited. Research into other developing countries with similar characteristics to Nepal was briefly explored in this rapid review but there was not time to fully explore this literature base. Most of the literature explored is from academia, although some is from non-governmental organisations particularly those looking at engaging cities in climate action (such as C40). The literature explored does not look at gender issues or issues of people with disabilities.
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Babiker, Mustafa, Amir Bazaz, Paolo Bertoldi, Felix Creutzig, Heleen De Coninck, Kiane De Kleijne, Shobhakar Dhakal et al. What the Latest Science on Climate Change Mitigation means for Cities and Urban Areas. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, octobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/supsv310.2022.

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The Summary for Urban Policymakers (SUP) initiative provides a distillation of the IPCC reports into accessible and targeted summaries that can help inform action at city and regional scales. Volume I in the series, What the Latest Physical Science of Climate Change Means for Cities, identified the ways in which human-induced climate change is affecting every region of the world, and the cities and urban areas therein. Volume II, Climate Change in Cities and Urban Areas: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of different adaptation options. To achieve climate resilient development, synergies between policies and actions for climate change adaptation, mitigation and other development goals are needed. This third volume in the series, What the Latest Science on Climate Change Mitigation Means For Cities and Urban Areas offers a concise and accessible distillation of the IPCC Working Group III Report for urban policymakers. The 21st century is characterized by a rapidly growing urban population, urban land expansion and associated rise in demand for resources, infrastructure and services. These trends are expected to drive the growth in emissions from urban consumption and production through 2100, although the rate of urban emissions growth will depend on the type of urbanisation and the speed and scale of mitigation action implemented. Aggressive and ambitious policies for transition towards net zero greenhouse gas emissions can be implemented in cities and urban areas, while contributing to sustainable development. Ultimately, mitigation action and adaptation are interdependent processes, and pursuing these actions together can promote sustainable development.
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