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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Soil biomonitoring »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 9 mars 2023
Mis à jour le 14 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Soil biomonitoring"

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Wołejko, Elżbieta, Urszula Wydro, Joanna Irena Odziejewicz, Agata Koronkiewicz et Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć. « Biomonitoring of Soil Contaminated with Herbicides ». Water 14, no 10 (11 mai 2022) : 1534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14101534.

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The state of environmental pollution is of random character, and it depends on climatic conditions, landforms, development and industrialization. It is estimated that in the last decade as many pollutants have been released into the environment as in the previous 70 years, and the pollution rate still increases. Many scientific reports indicate that, in addition to metals, pesticides are the most commonly detected compounds in the environment. This situation is mainly due to the irrational use of these chemicals by humans. Mostly, soil environment changes caused by the influence of pesticides can be determined by various chemical analyses, which require the use of sophisticated and expensive equipment. However, biological methods, such as those using microbiological activity and an abundance of microorganisms, e.g., organisms responsible for the cycle of organic matter and nutrients, tend to be neglected. For this reason, the aim of the present study is not only to assess the validity of other research studies that were performed based on the available literature but to compile methods and compare them, which allows for an in depth understanding of the complexity of soil processes following herbicide application by conducting comprehensive soil biomonitoring.
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Horak, Othmar, et Wolfgang Friesl-Hanl. « Soil additives immobilising heavy metals in contaminated soils ». Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 7, no 1 (13 janvier 2022) : 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/nbc.1352.

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Addition of iron oxides, lime, clay minerals and other substances can be used to decrease the plant availability of toxic heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, and Cd. Extractability and consequently plant concentrations may be reduced in some cases by more than 50%. The assessment of remediation processes is supported by biomonitoring methods in the field with Plantago lanceolata and in the greenhouse by barley test experiments, in combination with extraction by ammonium nitrate.
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Koleva, Vanya, Teodora Koynova, Ivaila Kuleva et Asya Dragoeva. « A simple tool to assess the effect of water-soluble soil pollutants on enzyme activity in human whole blood samples using WST-1 assay ». Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental 39 (16 février 2023) : 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20937/rica.54549.

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Hazardous compounds accumulated in soil affect soil quality. Here we show that WST-1 can be used for evaluation of the effect of water soil extracts on enzyme activity in human whole-blood samples. Soil samples from the Shumen Plateau Nature Park (NP) and the City Park in Shumen (SCP) were studied. We observed significant differences between control and treated whole-blood samples. These results indicated that soil water extracts affected normal metabolic activity. In conclusion, the WST-1 assay can be used for biomonitoring soil quality. The presence of harmful water-soluble compounds in tested soils may pose a risk to ecosystems and human health.
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Singh, Sunidhi, Shalini Dhyani, Ramesh Janipella, Soumya Chakraborty, Paras Ranjan Pujari, V. M. Shinde et Kripal Singh. « Biomonitoring-Supported Land Restoration to Reduce Land Degradation in Intensively Mined Areas of India ». Sustainability 14, no 20 (21 octobre 2022) : 13639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013639.

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Land degradation due to mining is a major concern leading to massive losses of biodiversity and ecosystem services. The biomonitoring of metals in mine voids can help to keep track of ecosystem health. The present study was carried out in a large mine void that is presently used for fly ash disposal in the Angul district of Odisha, India. For the biomonitoring of the fly ash, composite soil and plant samples (non-edible as well as edible, naturally growing in and around the mine void) were collected seasonally four times between April 2018 and February 2019 from the sampling locations. We monitored the metal uptake (Al, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) and bioaccumulation to assess the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) in the collected plant samples. The Fe concentration was reported to be high in Tragia involucrate (24.82 mg/kg) and Digitaria ciliaris (24.818 mg/kg), while the soil at the study site is also rich in Fe and Al. Higher concentrations of metals in fruit trees such as Psidium guajava and other plants such as Ficus religiosa, Ipomoea batatas, Delonix regia, Digitaria ciliaris, and Cynodon dactylon were reported from nearby areas. Understanding the presence of metals should be a guiding factor for reducing land degradation. Our study stresses the need for corporate commitment to ensure regular biomonitoring and biomonitoring-supported land restoration for degraded mining areas. Sustainable land restoration supported by biomonitoring has the potential to help achieve the global goals of the UN Decade on Restoration: Land Degradation Neutrality (UNCCD) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 12, 13, and 15.
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Bargagli, R., D. H. Brown et L. Nelli. « Metal biomonitoring with mosses : Procedures for correcting for soil contamination ». Environmental Pollution 89, no 2 (1995) : 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(94)00055-i.

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Nuguyeva, Sh, et E. Mammadov. « Research of the Content of Heavy Metals in the Atmospheric Precipitation of the Geygel, Dashkesan and Gedabek Districts of Azerbaijan ». Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no 6 (15 juin 2021) : 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/67/08.

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The increasing content of heavy metals in soil and atmospheric air can lead to serious consequences in the final link of which a person is. To determine heavy metals in atmospheric deposition, the method of biomonitoring of mosses was used. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research scientists started the implementation of the mosses biomonitoring methodology in Azerbaijan 2015. In total, the concentration was determined for 44 elements. Determinations were performed using instrumental analysis of Epithermal Neutron Activation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy in 85 moss samples. The species of moss used in the work was Pleurosium schreberi. Based on the analysis results, the most contaminated areas are identified.
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Kováts, Nora, Katalin Hubai, Tsend-Ayush Sainnokhoi et Gábor Teke. « Biomonitoring of polyaromatic hydrocarbon accumulation in rural gardens using lettuce plants ». Journal of Soils and Sediments 21, no 1 (16 octobre 2020) : 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02801-1.

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Abstract Purpose Air pollution in settlements is one of the most important factors affecting human health. While urban gardening and the consumption of home-grown vegetables have become more and more popular, several studies establish the risk of consuming vegetables exposed to toxic air pollutants, especially polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, these studies mostly concern the risk in larger cities or in industrial areas while much less information is available in rural environments. Methods In our study, small settlements were selected for a pot accumulation study. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) plants were exposed for a 2-month period; PAH concentrations were determined both from the vegetable samples and pot soils. Results In the lettuce samples, the concentration of total PAHs was in the range of 9.1 (Litér) and 185 μg/kg dry wt (Hajmáskér), in the soil samples in the range of 31.6 (Litér) and 595.1 μg/kg wt (Hárskút). Four ring PAHs showed the highest tendency to accumulate in the majority of soil samples. Conclusion PAH concentrations in some of the sampled villages were comparable to results reported from relatively polluted regions in the world. Source appointment revealed that biomass burning and fossil fuel usage were the major sources of PAHs in rural environment; in addition, the study highlighted how important it could be to analyze individual pollution sources.
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Shilov, Viktor V., O. L. Markova et A. V. Kuznetsov. « BIOMONITORING OF INFLUENCE OF HARMFUL CHEMICALS ON THE BASIS OF THE MODERN BIOMARKERS. LITERATURE REVIEW ». Hygiene and sanitation 98, no 6 (28 octobre 2019) : 591–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-6-591-596.

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Health risk assessment for the general population and industrial workers is most commonly based on analysis related to the determination of harmful chemicals in environmental objects (air, water, soil, food). An increasing number of experts have recently been inclined to believe an approach to give no an idea of the total amount of chemical pollutants actually entering the human body, and another approach based on the biomonitoring procedure has been suggested. The aim of the work was to systematize current concepts about the classification of biomarkers, their toxicological and hygienic characteristics and the prospects for the practical use of laboratory research results in prevention of chemical etiology of diseases. Analytical review of national and foreign literature information concerning current terminology and classification of biological markers used in biomonitoring process to assess human body exposure degree to harmful environmental chemicals is submitted. The development and improvement of biomonitoring strategies, the range of studied specific biomarkers were revealed to be being widened, enhance the objectivity of risk assessment of the development of chemical etiology diseases caused by environmental pollution. At the present stage, the classification of biomarkers is represented by four types: exposure, effect, sensitivity, and “omics” for scientific research. According to chemical structure exposure biomarkers are divided into two groups: organic compounds and metals. It is suggested to use in Russia foreign experience in developing a biomonitoring system by the example of European Union countries and the United States, where there are national biomonitoring programs in which each country determines its priorities for choosing biomarkers based on assessment of public health risks, exposure levels in a particular region, toxicological characteristics, interpretability of findings, analytical feasibility, possibility of reducing exposure. Each biomarker is ranked according to its total weight score. Biological exposure limits developed by the Human Biomonitoring Commission of German Environment Agency are most often used in literature for assessment of biomonitoring findings. Taking into account foreign experience, introduction of biomonitoring strategies in Russia appears to be most reasonable as based on current social and hygienic monitoring system in Rospotrebnadzor (Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumers’ Rights Protection) institutions in cooperation with health care institutions of RF Health Ministry).
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Rola, Kaja, et Vítězslav Plášek. « The Utility of Ground Bryophytes in the Assessment of Soil Condition in Heavy Metal-Polluted Grasslands ». Plants 11, no 16 (11 août 2022) : 2091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11162091.

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Bryophytes are commonly used in biomonitoring heavy metal pollution, whereas the bioindicative value of bryophyte communities is a less known issue. The aim of the present study is to recognize the utility of the bryophyte community’s structure in the assessment of soil condition in heavy metal-polluted, dry grasslands. The study plots are examined with respect to bryophytes; vascular plants; concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, and As in the soil; total nitrogen and organic carbon content in the soil; and soil pH. The results show that both bryophyte species richness and composition greatly depend on soil chemical characteristics, including heavy-metal pollution levels and soil pH. Three groups of species are distinguished: (1) species sensitive to pollution growing on acidic soils, (2) nonspecific species inhabiting a wide spectrum of heavy metal-polluted sites, and (3) species preferring polluted and alkaline soils. Our study reveals a gradual replacement of the bryophyte species alongside increasing soil pollution and alkalinity. This proves that bryophytes are highly responsive to soil factors and the changes in bryophyte composition may indicate the soil condition of a certain site. Furthermore, high concentrations of heavy metals in the soil and an alkaline pH positively affect bryophyte species richness. Consequently, such sites could be considered as biodiversity hotspots for terrestrial bryophytes in post-industrial landscapes.
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Khabibullina, Aida R., Tatyana V. Vdovina, Alexander S. Sirotkin, Josef Trögl, Taťjána Brovdyová et Pavel Kuráň. « Analysis of microbial phospholipids in processes оf biomonitoring of soil condition ». PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 9, no 1 (2019) : 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2019-9-1-44-52.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Soil biomonitoring"

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Lindén, Anna. « Biomonitoring of cadmium in pig production / ». Uppsala : Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences ([Institutionen för farmakologioch toxikologi], Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2002. http://projkat.slu.se/SafariDokument/222.htm.

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Olsson, Ing-Marie. « Biomonitoring of cadmium in cattle, pigs and humans / ». Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2002. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2002/91-576-6356-4.pdf.

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Power, Rowena Suzanne. « The application of a transgenic strain of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to the biomonitoring of metal polluted soil ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310841.

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Jejdling, Julia. « Biomonitoring of soil remediation workers´ exposure to polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) – method development and characterisation of PACs in blood ». Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-74387.

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For a long period of time, it has been common to use creosote for impregnation of railroad ties. Creosote consists of 85% polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), of which some are carcinogenic and/or mutagenic. In 2016, a soil remediation process was commenced at an old impregnation facility in Sweden and both dermal, urine and blood samples were taken from soil remediation workers to investigate the occupational exposure. The objectives of this study were to develop a method for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), including PAHs, oxy-PAHs, alkylated PAHs and dibenzothiophenes and azaarenes from blood, and to quantify PAHs in the collected blood samples from the soil remediation workers. In the method development, two parameters were tested: centrifugation of samples before extraction and use of either basic or deactivated silica in the clean-up step of the blood extracts. The results showed that the best method was without centrifugation and with use of basic silica. Results from the analysis of the soil remediation workers´ blood showed PAHs in average concentrations of 0.05-6.47 ng/mL blood, with fluorene and biphenyl being the most abundant PAHs. The occupational groups (office, machine and sampling) had similar average concentrations of PAHs, with office workers being slightly less exposed. The PAHs blood profile did not reflect the PAHs profiles in contaminated soil from the area; the blood profiles had relatively higher abundances of low molecular weight PAHs, while the soils had higher relative concentrations of middle molecular weight PAHs. Both blood and soils had low relative concentrations of high molecular weight PAHs. Pyrene concentrations in blood and 1-hydroxypyrene metabolite concentrations in urine samples showed no correlation (linearity r2=0.045). Both blood and urine samples from the workers indicated a low exposure of PAHs. The method tested in this study can be used for analysis of a broad range of PACs and seems to be a better approach for studying the exposure of PACs than today’s methods analysing a few urine metabolites. But additional clean-up is suggested to improve the quantification of all blood samples. Further investigations are required to gain an understanding of normal, unexposed PACs levels in blood.
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Sturba, Lucrezia. « “Validazione dell’applicabilità del saggio di tossicità acuta con Eisenia fetida accoppiato ad un approccio multi-biomarker come strumento diagnostico nel monitoraggio della qualità ambientale di suoli industriali e agricoli soggetti a spandimento di fanghi di depurazione biologica e relativi hydrochars" ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1149168.

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The soil is an extremely complex environmental matrix whose protection represent a priority for human survival, since it is the basis of production activities, as well as a source of nutrition. The compromising level reached by soils can limit the ability to maintain high ecosystem functions and to sustain biological productivity. Another great challenge is the sustainable management of sewage sludge (SS), inevitably linked to soil protection as soil amendment is the most widely used management method. It is also the cheapest and suitable disposal method to contrast soil erosion and climate change. Therefore, it is essential to standardize toxicity tests able to identify the mechanism of action of contaminants and their mixtures in order to characterize contaminated soils and define the environmental safety of new agricultural fertilizers such as SS and hydrochar resulting from their hydrothermal carbonization. To this purpose, after a first step invested to methods development in laboratory conditions, the ecological risk assessment of soils from the municipality of Taranto was carried out using the standardized acute toxicity test (OECD 207) with Eisenia fetida coupled to a battery of biomarkers (sub-lethal responses). The biomarkers of oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and specific biomarkers of exposure to metals, were useful to identify the distribution of contaminants, and to outline areas of highest environmental criticalities and the contaminants most responsible for the observed biological effects. Then, the ecotoxicological assessment of SS from various wastewater plants in the Tuscany Region was carried out. The OECD 207 test with E. fetida, coupled to a battery of cellular and histological biomarkers, was applied to mixtures at different ratios of control soil LUFA 2.2 and SS. The observed effects identify the toxicological stress syndrome in exposed earthworms as the effect of contaminates present in SS. The presence of these contaminants are not recorded by the chemical analysis alone, which classify these SS suitable and safe for use in agricultural soils. The importance of studying the sub-lethal effects in E. fetida is further highlighted by mortality, that result contradictory and not able to identify the real ecological risk associated with the use of sludge to soil organisms. E. fetida mortality and morphology does not seem to be affected by hydrochars mixed with LUFA 2.2., even if it is more contaminated than the respective SS, suggesting a reduced bioavailability of the contaminants after hydrothermal carbonization. The multi-markers approach in E. fetida is a useful diagnostic tool in monitoring the environmental quality of industrial and agricultural soils fertilized by SS, capable to integrate the information obtained from chemical-analytical investigations, giving a significant contribution to the definition of mitigation actions and prevention of environmental and ecological risk.
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NGUYEN, VAN THO. « Assessment of combined toxic and genotoxic effects of soil metal pollutants : a laboratory and a field experiment using the test plant Trifolium repens L ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/74387.

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The use of efficient early warning bioindication systems represents a powerful approach for assessing and interpreting the impact of natural or anthropogenic perturbations in soil ecosystems preventing environmental alteration and human disease. Living organisms provide information on the cumulative effects of environmental stressors and as such bioindication is complementary to direct physical and chemical measurements (Heger et al., 2012). Trifolium repens is a pollutant-sensitive plant, suitable for biomonitoring campaigns. Specifically, its environmental exposition followed by a DNA analysis with molecular markers allows the detection of sublethal levels of genotoxic compounds in the environment (Piraino et al., 2006). However, given the limited information available on the joint genotoxic-effect of chemicals, the interpretation of biomonitoring results is often difficult. There is then a clear need to improve the knowledge about the combined effects of stressors on bioindicators. Starting from these considerations, the objective of the first part of my PhD research was to study the combined toxic and genotoxic effects of soil Cd and As, two of the most dangerous compounds for both environment and human health, whose joint action is still unknown. The results that I obtained showed that individual and joint toxicity and genotoxicity were related to the concentration of Cd and As measured in plant organs and that As concentration was the most relevant variable. Joint effects on plant growth were additive or synergistic, whereas joint genotoxic effects were additive or antagonistic. The interaction between Cd and As occurred at both soil and plant level. in soil the presence of As limited the bioavailability of Cd, whereas the presence of Cd increased the bioavailability of As. Nevertheless only the As biovailability was linearly correlated with the amount of As absorbed by plants. These results revealed that the simultaneous presence in soil of Cd and As, although producing an additive or synergistic toxic effect on Trifolium repens L. growth, generates a lower DNA damage. I have supposed that growth reduction was due to both toxic effects of Cd and As and to plant response to the high DNA damage, which led to a temporary arrest of cell cycle providing a longer time for DNA repair and for free radical scavenger production. This would be consistent with the antagonistic genotoxic effect that I observed in most of the combined treatments. Nevertheless I am also aware that the antagonistic interaction of Cd and As that I observed can be also associated to the similar genotoxic mechanisms own of the two metal(loid)s. In the second part of my PhD, I used the information and the techniques that I learned during the first period to assess the genotoxicity of soils in Lombardy Region (Italy). I analyzed a total of 67 samples of surface soil (0-30 cm in depth) which were collected in 7 different agricultural areas of concern, within Lombardy region. Results showed that in general soils did not affect the survival of the test plants, excepted for the soils CR3 and CR6 (from the area of Treviglio) and O1 (from the Origgio area). Furthermore, no statistically significant change was observed in the growth of seedlings (measured in terms of dry weight), except for some soils from the Treviglio area (CR2, CR3, CR6 and CR14) and for IT5 soil from the Broni area (PV). The other soils from this last area, although induced a reduction of root growth, were considered not potentially toxic as the shoot growth of the text plants was not affected and the soil characteristics were not appropriate for white clover development. Regarding the soil genotoxicity, all soils except those from Broni area were found to contain genotoxic bioavailable compounds and were classified as "moderately genotoxic”.
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Nugent, Ayres Michelle V. « Spatial and Geochemical Techniques to Improve Exposure Assessment of Manganese in Windsor, Ontario ». Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20276.

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This study was conducted to investigate the urban geochemistry of the city of Windsor (Ontario) and to provide added source apportionment information to work being carried out by the Canadian government. The goal of this study was to investigate the distribution, spatial variation and sources of manganese in urban Windsor soil. The literature indicates that human exposure to high levels of manganese, via inhalation, can cause respiratory and/or neurological effects. At the outset of the present study it was first hypothesized that vehicular traffic was the dominant source of anthropogenic manganese. An alternative hypothesis was that there were multiple anthropogenic sources of manganese in Windsor. The sample collection scheme was designed to determine (1) the current and background soil concentrations of manganese in Windsor, (2) the spatial distribution of manganese in order to reveal sources of manganese, and (3) the manganese content of moss-sequestered airborne particles, which can potentially deposit onto the soil surface, using low-technology biomonitoring. The first phase of the study consisted of a preliminary soil survey which identified elevated areas of soil manganese concentrations. During this survey, the field efficiency of a field portable X-ray fluorescence (FPXRF) instrument, as well as sample preparation methods were evaluated. Efficiency of the FPXRF was determined by comparison to ICP-MS, a traditional trace element analysis method. The preliminary soil survey identified several areas of elevated (ranging from 884 to 2390 ppm) soil manganese which were further investigated during the second, more complete, soil survey. The moss biomonitoring technique of using moss bags was used to collect airborne particles for semi-quantitative analysis. Analysis of soil samples included total manganese and other trace elements, pH, moisture and carbon content, and manganese speciation. Urban Windsor soil manganese distribution revealed both natural and anthropogenic sources of soil manganese and three distinct soil sample types, transect, baseline and natural. In general, manganese in Windsor had a west-to-east trend of decreasing levels in soil and moss-sequestered airborne particles. The latter showed a modern-day elemental signature while the former (collocated soil) a legacy elemental signature. It was concluded that both the FPXRF instrument and the moss biomonitoring technique can be useful screening tools in studies of urban environments.
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Licks, Leticia Azambuja dos Santos. « Avalia??o da utiliza??o de microcosmos como ferramenta de an?lise da efic?cia de biomonitoramento no controle de vazamento de CO2 ». Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8206.

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The climate changes associated with the increase of greenhouse gases emissions to the atmosphere stand out as one of the greatest current environmental concerns. Extensive research is being conducted in order to reduce the amount of emissions and their impact on climate. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main greenhouse gas contributing to this problem. Therefore, it is increasingly important to find solutions to reduce CO2 levels in the atmosphere. Among the feasible techniques to reduce these emissions is the geological storage, which consists of injecting large amounts of this gas into deep underground geological formations. To be effective, CO2 must be trapped in these deep geological formations for at least several centuries. In this context, monitoring of CO2 leakages and seepages to sensitive environments is a key step in the process. Research on monitoring and verification of CO2 leakages in shallow environments are carried out in large areas prepared for controlled injection and leakage of this gas, this techniques for its detection are hard and expensive. In this sense, this study aims to verify the use of microcosms as a biomonitoring tool to control CO2 leakage by conducting controlled injections of CO2 into continuous flow columns under different experimental conditions. For this, physical, chemical and microbiological analyzes were performed in the soil before, during and after percolation of CO2 in the column. These parameters were also analyzed with in situ soil samples. Based on statistical methods at the end of the study, it was observed that the design of the columns was suitable, however, the chosen parameters were insufficient to determine the influence of CO2 on the proposed test conditions.
As mudan?as clim?ticas associadas ? intensifica??o do efeito estufa est?o entre as maiores preocupa??es ambientais atuais. Muita pesquisa tem sido realizada com o intuito de reduzir o impacto dos gases associados ao efeito estufa, dentre eles o di?xido de carbono (CO2). Devido ? grande contribui??o do CO2 para o aquecimento global, ? cada vez mais importante a realiza??o de estudos que visem a diminui??o de seus n?veis na atmosfera. Entre as t?cnicas vi?veis para conter estas emiss?es est? o armazenamento geol?gico de carbono, que consiste em injetar quantidades significativas deste g?s em forma??es geol?gicas. No entanto, para ser efetiva, o CO2 deve ficar retido nestas forma??es geol?gicas profundas, n?o retornando a superf?cie a longo prazo. Assim, o monitoramento de vazamentos de CO2 ? uma etapa fundamental no processo de armazenamento geol?gico. Estes estudos usualmente s?o realizados em ?reas extensas preparadas para testes controlados de inje??o e vazamento de g?s (geralmente trabalhosos e dispendiosos). Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a utiliza??o de microcosmos como ferramenta de biomonitoramento no controle de vazamento de CO2, realizando inje??es controladas de CO2 em colunas de fluxo cont?nuo em diferentes condi??es experimentais. Foram realizadas an?lises f?sico qu?micas e microbiol?gicas no solo antes, durante e ap?s a percola??o de CO2 na coluna. Esses par?metros tamb?m foram comparados com amostras do solo in situ. Com base em m?todos estat?sticos no fim do estudo foi observado que o projeto das colunas foi adequado, no entanto, os par?metros escolhidos foram insuficientes para determinar a influ?ncia do CO2 nas condi??es de ensaio proposta.
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Williams, Carl A. « The analysis of gold in plants and soils by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy ». Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320971.

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Lévèque, Thibaut. « Biomonitoring environnemental et sanitaire des sols pollués par les éléments traces métalliques ». Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0093/document.

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Dans un contexte où les préoccupations environnement-santé sont croissantes à l’échelle globale. Améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes de biodisponibilité et d’(éco)toxicité des polluants métalliques persistants est un enjeu prioritaire, notamment en raison de leur omniprésence observée dans les écosystèmes en relation avec leur compartimentation et spéciation . Le ver de terre est utilisé pour évaluer la qualité des sols ; de plus cet organisme du sol de par ses activités de bioturbation a une influence sur les cycles biogéochimiques. Des tests d’écotoxicité en conditions contrôlées sur vers de terre ont donc été réalisés avec différents sols et espèces de vers. Puis une étude d’impact sur les communautés de vers a été effectuée sur un site pollué présentant un gradient de concentration. L’influence de la bioturbation du ver sur la phytodisponibilité des polluants a été étudiée grâce à des expériences en mésocosmes. Finalement, des mesures de bioaccessibilité des polluants ont été réalisées in vitro sur des sols et végétaux pollués dans différents contextes : friches industrielles, jardins potagers, terrain de sport. L’objectif étant d’étudier le lien entre biodisponibilité pour l’homme, caractéristiques des sols et contexte de pollution. Deux approches complémentaires ont été développées : recherche scientifique liés aux mécanismes et développement d’outils, de procédures pratiques utilisables par les gestionnaires et évaluateurs de risques. L’écotoxicité des métaux et métalloïdes (notés ETM) sur les vers de terre n’est pas simplement régie par leurs concentrations totales, mais dépend fortement des caractéristiques physico-chimiques des sols. Par ailleurs, l’analyse des communautés de ver de terre présentes sur un site contaminé permet d’évaluer la qualité des sols puisqu’on constate un impact sur les l’abondance, la diversité et le taux de juvénile des vers. De plus, la bioturbation du ver de terre augmente significativement la biodisponibilité des ETM pour les plantes potagères telles que la laitue. Finalement, la bioaccessibilité humaine des ETM est régi par de nombreux facteurs liés en particulier au contexte de pollution. Cette fraction bioaccessible des ETM est directement responsable de leur cytotoxicité sur les cellules intestinales. Ces différents résultats ont été complétés par des études mécanistiques (IR, EXAFS, XANES, µ-XRF)
In a context where environmental health concerns are globally increasing. Improve understanding of the mechanisms and bioavailability (eco) toxicity of persistent metals pollutants is a priority, especially because of their observed omnipresence in ecosystems in relation to their compartmentation and speciation. The earthworm is used to assess soil quality; moreover this soil organism through its bioturbation activities affects biogeochemical cycles. Ecotoxicity tests under controlled circumstances on earthworms have been conducted with different soils and worms’ species. Then an impact study on earthworms’ communities was conducted on a polluted site showing a concentration gradient. The influence of earthworms’ bioturbation on phytoavailability of pollutants was studied through experiments in mesocosms and Rhizotest. Finally, in vitro measures of pollutants bioavailability were performed on polluted soils and plants in different contexts: brownfields, gardens, sports field. The objective is to study the link between bioavailability for humans, soil characteristics, context of pollution and toxicity. Two complementary approaches have been developed: scientific research related to the mechanisms and development of tools, practical procedures which could be used by managers and risk assessors. Ecotoxicity of metals and metalloid (denoted ETM) on earthworms is not simply governed by their total concentrations, but strongly depends on the physico-chemical characteristics of soils. Furthermore, analysis of earthworm communities from a contaminated site can evaluate the quality of soil since seen an impact on the abundance, diversity and rate of juvenile worms. In addition, earthworms’ bioturbation significantly increases the bioavailability of ETM for vegetable plants such as lettuce. Finally, the human bioaccessibility of ETM is governed by many factors, in particular the context of pollution. The bioaccessible fraction of ETM is directly responsible for their cytotoxicity on intestinal cells. These results were complemented by mechanistic studies (IR, EXAFS, XANES, μ-XRF)
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Livres sur le sujet "Soil biomonitoring"

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In Situ Biomonitoring of a Polluted Environment by Wild Plant and Crop Plant Species. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2018.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Soil biomonitoring"

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Shah, Naseer Ali, Azmat Ullah Jan et Ijaz Ali. « Biomonitoring of Electronic Waste Polluted Environment ». Dans Soil Biology, 13–20. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26615-8_2.

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Dawood, Muhammad, Abdul Wahid, Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi, Sidra Mukhtar et Zaffar Malik. « Use of Earthworms in Biomonitoring of Soil Xenobiotics ». Dans Soil Biology, 73–88. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47744-2_6.

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Dahiya, Ujjwal Ranjan, Jhumki Das et Subia Bano. « Biological Indicators of Soil Health and Biomonitoring ». Dans Advances in Bioremediation and Phytoremediation for Sustainable Soil Management, 327–47. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89984-4_21.

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Stamou, G. P., et G. B. Stamou. « Possible Application of Fuzzy System Simulation Models for Biomonitoring Soil Pollution in Urban Areas ». Dans Bioindicator Systems for Soil Pollution, 55–65. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1752-1_6.

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Schnabl, H., P. Helfrich et S. Trapmann. « Plant thylakoid membranes and protoplasts as biological units for detection of phytotoxic compounds in water, air, soil and compost ». Dans New Microbiotests for Routine Toxicity Screening and Biomonitoring, 177–84. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4289-6_17.

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Meravi, Neelima, et Santosh Kumar Prajapati. « Biomonitoring the Genotoxicity of Heavy Metals/Metalloids Present in Soil Contaminated by Fly Ash from Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plant Using Tradescantia pallida ». Dans Phytoremediation, 169–76. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10395-2_12.

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Ross, P., P. Leitman, A. Ringwood et M. Delorenzo. « Microbiotests for contaminated soils and sediments : interpreting the data ». Dans New Microbiotests for Routine Toxicity Screening and Biomonitoring, 441–48. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4289-6_48.

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Sageena, Geetanjali, Kavita Khatana et Jitendra K. Nagar. « Biomonitoring of heavy metals contamination in soil ecosystem ». Dans Hazardous and Trace Materials in Soil and Plants, 313–25. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-91632-5.00019-7.

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Medhi, Jinu, Jintu Dutta et Mohan Chandra Kalita. « Biomonitoring Ecosystem : Modelling Relationship with Arthropods ». Dans Arthropods [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94313.

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Arthropods community structure and composition provides multiscale information about an environment health. Their reproduction and growth model are effective to assess the impact on ecosystem in response to stress such as anthropogenic activities (climate change) or natural (drought). Terrestrial and aquatic insects are potential bio-indicators. Terrestrial insects are an excellent model to assess the quality of terrestrial ecosystem. These insect species are assayed to detect metallic pollution and forest abundance. Soil and litter arthropods are used for examining soil quality. Honey bee mortality rates and the residues such as heavy metals, fungicides and herbicides presence in honey are good indicator of environmental pollution. The specificity of food and habitat selection by wasp population make it suitable for assessing habitat quality. Similarly butterflies habitat itself signifies a healthy ecosystem because of their sensitivity to even slightest change. Different arthropods act as keystone species and these keystone interactions also reveal many facets of an ecosystem quality. Similarly fly population such as Drosophila subobscura and their shift in the genetic composition indicate the global climate warming. The arthropods are explored as screening platform to understand the ecosystem resilience to disturbances. These underscores arthropods potential for evaluation of environmental impact and global climate change.
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Gautam, Meenu, Srishti Mishra et Madhoolika Agrawal. « Bioindicators of soil contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants ». Dans New Paradigms in Environmental Biomonitoring Using Plants, 271–98. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-824351-0.00001-8.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Soil biomonitoring"

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Krainiukov, O., A. Nekos, E. Kochanov, Yu Buts et I. Miroshnychenko. « Biomonitoring of soil quality within the limits of the oil refining enterprise ». Dans XIV International Scientific Conference “Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment”. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202056064.

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Lias, Franky S., K. Jamil et D. B. T. Norsila. « Biomonitoring of heavy metals using soil near Teluk Ewa cement plant : Preliminary study ». Dans Environment (ISESEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isesee.2011.5977085.

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STAPULIONYTĖ, Asta, Skaistė BONDZINSKAITĖ, Monika STRAVINSKAITĖ, Raimondas ŠIUKŠTA, Ričardas TARAŠKEVIČIUS et Tatjana ČĖSNIENĖ. « SOIL GENOTOXICITY BIOMONITORING IN RECULTIVATED FACTORY AREA USING THE CYTOGENETIC AND MOLECULAR ASSAYS IN TWO PLANT TEST-SYSTEMS ». Dans RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.025.

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Soil pollution with industrial leftovers is of real danger to living organisms since harmful effects can arise after exposure to the contaminants in the soil. In our study, we applied a plant bioassay battery to monitor soil genotoxicity after short-term exposure to the soil. The soil was collected in 3 rounds: at the central part of the brownfield before (S-I) and after (S-III) topsoil removal, and at the brownfield periphery (S-II). The permissible value of the total contamination index is <16 and the corresponding values were 780 in S-I, 69 in S-II and 133 in S-III soil showing that whole brownfield territory is extremely polluted with heavy metals. Cytogenetic markers were recorded in Allium and Tradescantia test-systems and two types of molecular markers, RAPD and ISSR, were analysed in Allium. Our results revealed that the most polluted soil sample has induced an alarming increase of apoptotic cells in onion roots. Chromosome aberration and micronuclei frequency in Allium decreased inconsistently along with the pollution reduction in the soil. Increased frequencies of all cytogenetic markers were revealed in Tradescantia cuttings after exposure to the S-I soil extracts. Cluster analysis of Allium RAPD and ISSR markers showed that the most polluted soil samples induced genetic changes in onions different from those induced by the least polluted soil. Both plant test-systems in this study confirm that soil from the brownfield is harmful to plants and is potentially hazardous to humans.
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Barnekow, Ulf, et Mirko Koehler. « Soil bioengineering and biomonitoring of vegetation and after-care at Wismut´s backfilled and covered Lichtenberg open pit and its surrounding area, Ronneburg, Germany ». Dans Mine Closure 2016. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_rep/1608_39_barnekow.

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Maruszewski, K., Halina Podbielska, Przemyslaw Andrzejewski et Wieslaw Strek. « Sol-gel materials as possible devices for tissue biomonitoring ». Dans BiOS Europe '96, sous la direction de Hans-Jochen Foth, Renato Marchesini et Halina Podbielska. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.260647.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Soil biomonitoring"

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Biomonitoring of fish communities, using the index of Biotic Integrity, as an indicator of the success of soil conservation measures in the Rabbit Creek and Middle Creek watersheds, Macon County, North Carolina. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), août 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10183599.

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