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Jindal, Rajni, Ruchika Malhotra et Abha Jain. « Predicting Software Maintenance Effort by Mining Software Project Reports Using Inter-Version Validation ». International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 23, no 06 (décembre 2016) : 1640009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021853931640009x.
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Changes in the software are unavoidable due to an ever changing dynamic and active environment wherein expectations and requirements of the users tend to change rapidly. As a result, software needs to upgrade itself from its previous version to the next version in order to meet expectations of the user. The upgradation of the software is in terms of total number of Lines of Code (LOC) that might have been inserted, deleted or modified in moving from one version of software to the next. These changes are maintained in the change reports which constitute of the defect ID and defect description. Defect description describes the cause of defect which might have occurred in the previous version of the software due to which either new LOC needs to be inserted or existing LOC need to be deleted or modified. A lot of effort is required to correct the defects identified in software at the maintenance phase i.e., when software is delivered at the customers end. Thus, in this paper, we intend to predict maintenance effort by analyzing the defect reports using text mining techniques and thereafter developing the prediction models using suitable machine learning algorithms viz. Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Radial-Basis Function (RBF) network and Decision Tree (DT). We have considered the changes between three successive versions of ‘MMS’ application package of Android operating system and have performed inter-version validation where the model predicted using the version ‘v’ is validated on the subsequent version i.e., ‘v+1’. The performance of the model was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis. The results indicated that the model predicted on ‘MMS’ 4.0 version using MLP algorithm has shown good results when validated on ‘MMS’ 4.1 version. On the other hand, the performance of RBF and DT algorithms has been consistently average in predicting the maintenance effort.
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Malhotra, Ruchika, Nidhi Kapoor, Rishabh Jain et Sahaj Biyani. « Severity Assessment of Software Defect Reports using Text Classification ». International Journal of Computer Applications 83, no 11 (18 décembre 2013) : 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/14492-2622.
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Jindal, Rajni, Ruchika Malhotra et Abha Jain. « Prediction of defect severity by mining software project reports ». International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management 8, no 2 (10 mars 2016) : 334–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13198-016-0438-y.
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Marappan, Shanmugasundaram, Archana Kollu, Ismail Keshta, Shehab Mohamed Beram, Sahil Bhende et Karthikeyan Kaliyaperumal. « An Optimized Systematic Approach to Identify Bugs in Cloud-Based Software ». Scientific Programming 2022 (15 septembre 2022) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2302027.
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The resolution of a software bug depends on the severity of the defect report. Open-source software defect tracking solutions have taken over as the principal means of processing enormous amounts of defect information data due to the ongoing increase in software scale. Dealing with software faults requires analyzing the implications of defect report severity in the data warehouse. Thus, the authors have proposed an optimized systematic approach through the research and analysis of Bugzilla defect tracking system data in this study, where it is found that the attribute characteristics of different projects are quite different and the statistical features of the repair rate, resolution time, developers, components, and other attributes are consistent. This technique, therefore, assumes that a rise in the severity of software defect reports will result in a rise in the defect repair rate and that the severity is normally based on the severity distribution of various components and projects. According to the study’s findings, developers hold the most defects when the repair rate is low and the defect resolution time is shortest.
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Mellegard, Niklas, Hakan Burden, Daniel Levin, Kenneth Lind et Ana Magazinius. « Contrasting Big Bang With Continuous Integration Through Defect Reports ». IEEE Software 37, no 3 (mai 2020) : 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ms.2018.2880822.
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Sultan, Torky, Ayman E. Khedr et Mostafa Sayed. « A Proposed Defect Tracking Model for Classifying the Inserted Defect Reports to Enhance Software Quality Control ». International Journal of Computer Applications 67, no 14 (18 avril 2013) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/11460-7068.
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Sultan, Torky, Ayman Khedr et Mostafa Sayed. « A Proposed Defect Tracking Model for Classifying the Inserted Defect Reports to Enhance Software Quality Control ». Acta Informatica Medica 21, no 2 (2013) : 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/aim.2013.21.103-108.
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Yadla, Suresh, Jane Huffman Hayes et Alex Dekhtyar. « Tracing requirements to defect reports : an application of information retrieval techniques ». Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering 1, no 2 (29 juillet 2005) : 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11334-005-0011-3.
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Pipitone, J., et S. Easterbrook. « Assessing climate model software quality : a defect density analysis of three models ». Geoscientific Model Development 5, no 4 (9 août 2012) : 1009–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-5-1009-2012.
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Abstract. A climate model is an executable theory of the climate; the model encapsulates climatological theories in software so that they can be simulated and their implications investigated. Thus, in order to trust a climate model, one must trust that the software it is built from is built correctly. Our study explores the nature of software quality in the context of climate modelling. We performed an analysis of defect reports and defect fixes in several versions of leading global climate models by collecting defect data from bug tracking systems and version control repository comments. We found that the climate models all have very low defect densities compared to well-known, similarly sized open-source projects. We discuss the implications of our findings for the assessment of climate model software trustworthiness.
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Pipitone, J., et S. Easterbrook. « Assessing climate model software quality : a defect density analysis of three models ». Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 5, no 1 (15 février 2012) : 347–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-5-347-2012.
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Abstract. A climate model is an executable theory of the climate; the model encapsulates climatological theories in software so that they can be simulated and their implications investigated. Thus, in order to trust a climate model one must trust that the software it is built from is built correctly. Our study explores the nature of software quality in the context of climate modelling. We performed an analysis of defect reports and defect fixes in several versions of leading global climate models by collecting defect data from bug tracking systems and version control repository comments. We found that the climate models all have very low defect densities compared to well-known, similarly sized open-source projects. We discuss the implications of our findings for the assessment of climate model software trustworthiness.
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Raja, Uzma. « All complaints are not created equal : text analysis of open source software defect reports ». Empirical Software Engineering 18, no 1 (26 janvier 2012) : 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10664-012-9197-9.
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Hong, Xiaobin. « Application of Data Mining Technology in Software Engineering ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2066, no 1 (1 novembre 2021) : 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2066/1/012013.
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Abstract With the rapid development of informatization, computer database software systems have entered various fields of society, which has brought about the explosive growth of industry data. Faced with massive amounts of data, computers with limited storage capacity have to abandon some outdated data, and the application of various data mining technologies related to it has gradually matured. The purpose of this article is to discuss the application research of data mining technology in software engineering. This article analyzes the correlation analysis of a large number of bug repair source code update data and bug defect reports in the version control system SVN and the defect tracking system Bugzilla in the software engineering project development process, and tries to classify the bug report by data mining technology: defect changes and potential defects change. Starting from large-scale software engineering projects, apply data mining technology to the huge software engineeri ng knowledge base. Especially the software development and maintenance are explained, as well as the more challenging problems in the future. This paper uses data mining technology to study the dependency of the source code files of each module of the software system, and helps software developers quickly understand the software architecture by understanding the interrelationships between the modules, and provides suggestions for modification paths. Experimental research shows that this paper compares with F-measure and concludes that FL-M-GSpan algorithm is better than TS-M-GSpan algorithm. At the same time, it is found that the FL-M-GSpan algorithm always has a better accuracy rate close to 95%, while the TS-M-GSpan algorithm always has a better recall rate.
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GERMAN, DANIEL M., et ABRAM HINDLE. « VISUALIZING THE EVOLUTION OF SOFTWARE USING SOFTCHANGE ». International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 16, no 01 (février 2006) : 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194006002665.
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A typical software development team leaves behind a large amount of information. This information takes different forms, such as mail messages, software releases, version control logs, defect reports, etc. softChange is a tool that retrieves this information, analyses and enhances it by finding new relationships amongst it, and then allows users to navigate and visualize this information. The main objective of softChange it to help programmers, their management and software evolution researchers in understanding how a software product has evolved since its conception.
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Ishfaq, Rafay, et Uzma Raja. « Task-Resource Capability Alignment ». Information Resources Management Journal 25, no 4 (octobre 2012) : 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/irmj.2012100101.
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The effective management of software maintenance processes involves decisions about workforce levels, skill and expertise mix of developers, assignment of defect resolution tasks, and monitoring key system performance measures. This research uses a queuing based simulation approach to study these managerial issues. Using the data archives of a large global software organization, an empirical study of the historical defect reports and management decisions is conducted. A task-resource capability alignment scheme is developed that captures the defect complexity and skill/experience capabilities of software maintainers. The results of the empirical-computational study show that the defect arrival/reporting process affects the resource utilization and the time a defect spends in the system. The results also highlight the role of dedicated and shared resources on the system performance and indicate that replacing an experienced and skilled developer requires a significant order of magnitude increase in the maintenance workforce.
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Malhotra, Ruchika, et Akanksha Chauhan. « APPLICATION OF XGBOOST ALGORITHM AND DEEP LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR SEVERITY ASSESSMENT OF SOFTWARE DEFECT REPORTS ». Indian Journal of Computer Science and Engineering 11, no 3 (30 juin 2020) : 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21817/indjcse/2020/v11i3/201103236.
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Tailor, Mitul, Jon Petzing et Michael Jackson. « An Intelligent and Confident System for Automatic Surface Defect Quantification in 3D ». Key Engineering Materials 649 (juin 2015) : 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.649.46.
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Automatic surface defect inspection within mass production of high-precision components is growing in demand and requires better measurement and automated analysis systems. Many manufacturing industries may reject manufactured parts that exhibit even minor defects, because a defect might result in an operational failure at a later stage. Defect quantification (depth, area and volume) is a key element in quality assurance in order to determine the pass or failure criterion of manufactured parts. Existing human visual analysis of surface defects is qualitative and subjective to varying interpretation. Non-contact and three dimensional (3D) analyses should provide a robust and systematic quantitative approach for defect analysis. Various 3D measuring instruments generate point cloud data as an output, although they work on different physical principles. Instrument’s native software processing of point cloud data is often subject to issues of repeatability and may be non-traceable causing significant concern with data confidence.This work reports the development of novel traceable surface defect artefacts produced using the Rockwell hardness test equipment on flat metal plate, and the development of a novel, traceable, repeatable, mathematical solution for automatic defect detection and quantification in 3D. Moreover, in order to build-up the confidence in automatic defect analysis system and generated data, mathematical simulated defect artefacts (soft-artefact) have been created. This is then extended to a surface defect on a piston crown that is measured and quantified using a parallel optical coherence tomography instrument integrated with 6 axis robot. The results show that surface defect quantification using implemented solution is efficient, robust and more repeatable than current alternative approaches.
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Sekou, Singare, Shou Yan Zhong, Guang Hui Xu, Wei Ping Wang et Jian Jun Zhou. « CAD-CAM Prosthesis in Maxillo-Facial Surgery ». Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (octobre 2010) : 1241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.1241.
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To improve the maxillofacial surgery outcome, modern manufacturing methods such as rapid prototyping (RP), reverse engineering (RE) and medical imaging data have been utilised to manufacture custom-made prostheses after previous failed reconstructive surgery. After acquisition of data, an individual computer-based 3D model of the bony defect was generated and transferred into RE software to create the prosthesis CAD model. Then the physical model of the prosthesis was fabricated by RP technique. The precise fit of the prosthesis was evaluated using the prosthesis and skull models. The prosthesis was then directly used in investment casting such as “Quick Cast” pattern to produce the titanium model. In the clinical reports presented here, reconstructions of one patient with large mandible bone defects were performed using this method. The custom prostheses perfectly fit the defects during the operations, and surgery time was reduced. These cases showed that the prefabrication of a prosthesis using modern manufacturing technology is an effective method for maxillofacial defect reconstruction.
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Singare, Se Kou, Li Wang, Shou Yan Zhong, Guang Hui Xu, Wei Ping Wang et Jian Jun Zhou. « Fabrication of Maxillofacial Implant Using CAD CAM System ». Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (octobre 2010) : 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.353.
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We present an approach that combines Computer Tomography (CT), reverse engineering (RE) and rapid prototyping (RP) for individual implant production in maxillofacial surgery. 3D acquisition of the patient’s skull is performed, after acquisition of data; an individual computer-based 3D model of the bony defect is generated. These data are transferred into RE software to create the implant using a computer-aided design (CAD) model, which is directed into the RP machine for the production of the physical model. The implant is then directly used in investment casting such as “Quick Cast” pattern to produce the titanium model. In the clinical reports presented here, reconstructions of one patient with mandible bone defects were performed using this method. The custom prostheses perfectly fit the defects during the operations, and surgery time was reduced.
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Chaturvedi, K. K., et V. B. Singh. « An Empirical Comparison of Machine Learning Techniques in Predicting the Bug Severity of Open and Closed Source Projects ». International Journal of Open Source Software and Processes 4, no 2 (avril 2012) : 32–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jossp.2012040103.
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Bug severity is the degree of impact that a defect has on the development or operation of a component or system, and can be classified into different levels based on their impact on the system. Identification of severity level can be useful for bug triager in allocating the bug to the concerned bug fixer. Various researchers have attempted text mining techniques in predicting the severity of bugs, detection of duplicate bug reports and assignment of bugs to suitable fixer for its fix. In this paper, an attempt has been made to compare the performance of different machine learning techniques namely Support vector machine (SVM), probability based Naïve Bayes (NB), Decision Tree based J48 (A Java implementation of C4.5), rule based Repeated Incremental Pruning to Produce Error Reduction (RIPPER) and Random Forests (RF) learners in predicting the severity level (1 to 5) of a reported bug by analyzing the summary or short description of the bug reports. The bug report data has been taken from NASA’s PITS (Projects and Issue Tracking System) datasets as closed source and components of Eclipse, Mozilla & GNOME datasets as open source projects. The analysis has been carried out in RapidMiner and STATISTICA data mining tools. The authors measured the performance of different machine learning techniques by considering (i) the value of accuracy and F-Measure for all severity level and (ii) number of best cases at different threshold level of accuracy and F-Measure.
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Pochont, Nitin Ralph, et Yendaluru Raja Sekhar. « Numerical Simulation of Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide as an Inorganic Hole Transport Layer in Mixed Halide Perovskite Structures Using SCAPS 1-D ». Inorganics 11, no 1 (21 décembre 2022) : 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11010003.
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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) stand out as superior third-generation (III-gen) thin-film energy harvesting structures with high efficiency, optical properties and light transmission ability. However, the need to develop cost-effective, stable and sustainable PSCs is allied to the influence of the absorber layer and charge selective transport layers when achieving semi-transparent (ST) structures. Using SCAPS simulation software that can envisage the conceptuality in devising ST PSCs, this work explores and reports the electrical performance of different methylammonium (MA)-based perovskite structures (FTO/TiO2/PCBM/SnO2/MAPbI3/TiO2:N/PTAA/Spiro-OMeTAD/PEDOT: PSS/Ag). The influence of absorber thickness and defect density is analyzed with optimal parameters. This research reports a novel idea that replaces the polymeric hole transport layer (HTL), such as Spiro-OMeTAD, PEDOT: PSS and PTAA with an air-stable inorganic metal oxide, viz., nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2:N). The simulation results depict an attainable power conversion efficiency of 9.92%, 10.11% and 11.54% for the proposed structures with the novel HTL that are on par with polymeric HTLs. Furthermore, the maximum allowable absorber thickness was 600 nm with a threshold defect density of 1 × 1015 cm−3. The optimized electrical parameters can be implemented to develop thin-film light transmission perovskite cells with rational power conversion efficiencies.
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Kolisnyk, P. F., I. V. Baranova, S. P. Kolisnyk, O. V. Dolynna, Y. O. Bezsmertnyi, H. V. Bezsmertna, K. P. Postovitenko et R. A. Kravets. « Using an ozone therapy in the treatment of trophic ulcers of low extremity ». Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 24, no 1 (18 mai 2020) : 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2020-24(1)-18.
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Annotation. Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases in the world with a large number of complications. Threatening conditions that significantly reduce the quality of life and even lead to the death include a diabetic foot syndrome. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of combined ozone therapy in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes with chronic lower extremity trophic ulcers. A prospective study of the effectiveness of using the combined method of ozone therapy in the treatment of trophic ulcers of the lower extremities was conducted in the surgical and rehabilitation departments of the University Clinic of the National Pirogov Memorial Medical University. The study involved 52 patients with diadetes mellitus 2 type, who were randomly assigned to the main (n=26) and control (n=26) groups. Subjective and objective changes in the condition of patients were evaluated: an area of trophic ulcers (by A.V. Kuleshov's method), a rate of ulcer’s defect epithelization (by L. Popova's formula) and the quality of life parameters of patients (by the questionnaire SF-36) before and after the treatment. The endpoint of the study was a complete epithelization of the diabetic trophic ulcer. The treatment was carried out according to the generally accepted methodology in both observation groups, and the combination ozone therapy was additionally used for patients of the main group. The latter provided for the intravenous administration of an oxygen-ozonized 0.9% NaCl solution and local exposure of the trophic ulcer defect to the ozonized mixture by chamber aeration. The course of complex treatment was carried out after removal of necrotic tissue and wound cleansing, consisted of 10 local and general ozone therapy procedures, which were carried out every other day. The data obtained were processed using the SPSS for Windows 10.0 and STATISTICA 6.1 application software package (license number BXXR901E245722FA). One month after, the observation changes of the trophic skin defects and Quality of life indicators showed the significantly (p<0.01) better results of treatment in the main group than in the control group. The endpoint of the study was achieved in 85% of patients after complex treatment versus 29% of patients in the control group after a conventional treatment (p<0.01). Using as modern rehabilitation method as ozone therapy is an appropriate complement to the existing treatment regimens, which can significantly accelerate the clinical recovery of patients and, as a result, improve the quality of life. The particular value of the method confirmed by an absence of contraindications and drug overloads of the patient. The study of the effects of ozone therapy on the metabolism of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 can be a promising area for further research.
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Boudour, Samah, Idris Bouchama, Samiha Laidoudi, Walid Bedjaoui, Leila Lamiri, Ouafia Belgherbi et Siham Aziez. « Study of CIGS Pseudo-Homojunction Thin Film Solar Cell using SCAPS-1D ». East European Journal of Physics, no 4 (6 décembre 2022) : 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2022-4-14.
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The present modelling study reports the performance of defected CIGS pseudo-homojunction thin film solar cell (P-HTFSC) and determines its optimum parameters for high performance using the Scaps-1D software under the AM1.5 illumination and the operating temperature of 300 K. To focus the discussion on the optimal parameters (thickness, doping concentrations, deep/interface defect concentrations and bandgap) for the ZnO, CdS, ODC and CIGS thin film layers, cross sectional (1D) simulations have been performed on the ZnO/CdS/ODC/CIGS P-HTFSC device for obtaining its optimal structure that confers high light-into-electricity conversion efficiency. The four light J-V characteristics (short-circuit current: JSC, open-circuit voltage: VOC, fill factor: FF and conversion efficiency: ) have been used as indicators to evaluate the device performances. Simulation outcomes have proved that for a best performance for CIGS P-HTFSC device, the optimal thickness for CIGS and ODC layers should be small than 2 µm and few nm, respectively, while the optimal defect concentration within the layer should be 1013 cm-3 and between 1013 cm-3-1018 cm-3, respectively.
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Secor, G. A., I. M. Lee, K. D. Bottner, V. Rivera-Varas et N. C. Gudmestad. « First Report of a Defect of Processing Potatoes in Texas and Nebraska Associated with a New Phytoplasma ». Plant Disease 90, no 3 (mars 2006) : 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-0377b.
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An outbreak of a new potato disease occurred in Texas and Nebraska causing a serious defect in potato chips produced from commercial processing potatoes. The defect consists of patchy brown discoloration of chips and can be a cause for rejection of contracted potatoes by the processor. Infected potato plants exhibit symptoms of the purple top wilt syndrome similar to those of the purple top disease in processing potatoes caused by clover proliferation phytoplasma recently found in Washington and Oregon (3). Foliar symptoms include stunting, chlorosis, slight purple coloration of new growth, swollen nodes, proliferated axillary buds, and aerial tubers. Tuber symptoms include mild vascular discoloration and brown flecking of medullary rays. Seed potatoes from affected plants produce hair sprouts. Total nucleic acid was extracted from leaf and stolon tissue of symptomatic plants in the field and from tuber samples exhibiting the defect from commercial storages. Nested polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were performed using phytoplasma-universal 16SrDNA-based primers (P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2) (2) to detect the presence of phytoplasmas in these samples. A negative control, devoid of DNA templates in the reaction mix, was included in all PCR assays. In 2004, 13 foliar samples tested positive for phytoplasmas using PCR. None of the apparently symptomless plants or tubers tested positive. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the PCR-amplified 16S rDNA using enzymes AluI, MseI, HhaI, BfaI, and Tsp509I indicated that four samples are associated with a phytoplasma belonging to subgroup A (16SrI-A) of the “Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris” (aster yellows phytoplasma) group (16SrI), and nine plant samples were associated with a new phytoplasma related to, but distinct from, the stolbur phytoplasma group (16SrXII). Nucleotide sequence analysis of cloned 16S rDNAs (GenBank Accession Nos. DQ174114-DQ174123) confirmed the results on the basis of RFLP analyses. Sequences of cloned 16S rDNAs were analyzed with previously described phytoplasma strains available in GenBank using DNAStar's (Madison, WI) Lasergene software MegAlign program. The new phytoplasma is only distantly related to the stolbur phytoplasma, sharing 96.6% sequence homology. In 2005, 14 defective tuber samples from storage and 16 symptomatic plants from the field tested positive for the new phytoplasma. In Texas and Nebraska, it appears that at least two distinct phytoplasmas seem to be involved in the disease complex contributing to the defects of processed products produced from infected potatoes. Previous reports have suggested a similar defect of chipping potatoes, but the phytoplasma associated with the disease was not identified (1). To our knowledgek, this the first report of this new phytoplasma associated with disease and defects of potato and the first report of this phytoplasma in the United States. References: (1) E. E. Bantarri et al. Trans. ASAE 33:221, 1990. (2) I.-M. Lee et al. Int. J. Sys. Bacteriol. 48:1153, 1998. (3) I.-M. Lee et al. Plant Dis. 88:429, 2004.
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Zhou, Yu, Yanxiang Tong, Taolue Chen et Jin Han. « Augmenting Bug Localization with Part-of-Speech and Invocation ». International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 27, no 06 (31 juillet 2017) : 925–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194017500346.
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Bug localization represents one of the most expensive, as well as time-consuming, activities during software maintenance and evolution. To alleviate the workload of developers, numerous methods have been proposed to automate this process and narrow down the scope of reviewing buggy files. In this paper, we present a novel buggy source-file localization approach, using the information from both the bug reports and the source files. We leverage the part-of-speech features of bug reports and the invocation relationship among source files. We also integrate an adaptive technique to further optimize the performance of the approach. The adaptive technique discriminates Top 1 and Top N recommendations for a given bug report and consists of two modules. One module is to maximize the accuracy of the first recommended file, and the other one aims at improving the accuracy of the fixed defect file list. We evaluate our approach on six large-scale open source projects, i.e. ASpectJ, Eclipse, SWT, Zxing, Birt and Tomcat. Compared to the previous work, empirical results show that our approach can improve the overall prediction performance in all of these cases. Particularly, in terms of the Top 1 recommendation accuracy, our approach achieves an enhancement from 22.73% to 39.86% for ASpectJ, from 24.36% to 30.76% for Eclipse, from 31.63% to 46.94% for SWT, from 40% to 55% for ZXing, from 7.97% to 21.99% for Birt, and from 33.37% to 38.90% for Tomcat.
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Alyahya, Sultan. « Collaborative Crowdsourced Software Testing ». Electronics 11, no 20 (17 octobre 2022) : 3340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203340.
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Crowdsourced software testing (CST) uses a crowd of testers to conduct software testing. Currently, the microtasking model is used in CST; in it, a testing task is sent to individual testers who work separately from each other. Several studies mentioned that the quality of test reports produced by individuals was a drawback because a large number of invalid defects were submitted. Additionally, individual workers tended to catch the simple defects, not those with high complexity. This research explored the effect of having pairs of collaborating testers working together to produce one final test report. We conducted an experiment with 75 workers to measure the effect of this approach in terms of (1) the total number of unique valid defects detected, (2) the total number of invalid defects reported, and (3) the possibility of detecting more difficult defects. The findings show that testers who worked in collaborating pairs can be as effective in detecting defects as an individual worker; the differences between them are marginal. However, CST significantly affects the quality of test reports submitted in two dimensions: it helps reduce the number of invalid defects and also helps detect more difficult defects. The findings are promising and suggest that CST platforms can benefit from new mechanisms that allow for the formation of teams of two individuals who can participate in doing testing jobs.
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De Palma, Antonella, Anna Maria Agresta, Simona Viglio, Rossana Rossi, Maura D’Amato, Dario Di Silvestre, Pierluigi Mauri et Paolo Iadarola. « A Shotgun Proteomic Platform for a Global Mapping of Lymphoblastoid Cells to Gain Insight into Nasu-Hakola Disease ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no 18 (15 septembre 2021) : 9959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189959.
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Nasu-Hakola Disease (NHD) is a recessively inherited systemic leukodystrophy disorder characterized by a combination of frontotemporal presenile dementia and lytic bone lesions. NHD is known to be genetically related to a structural defect of TREM2 and DAP12, two genes that encode for different subunits of the membrane receptor signaling complex expressed by microglia and osteoclast cells. Because of its rarity, molecular or proteomic studies on this disorder are absent or scarce, only case reports based on neuropsychological and genetic tests being reported. In light of this, the aim of this paper is to provide evidence on the potential of a label-free proteomic platform based on the Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT), combined with in-house software and on-line bioinformatics tools, to characterize the protein expression trends and the most involved pathways in NHD. The application of this approach on the Lymphoblastoid cells from a family composed of individuals affected by NHD, healthy carriers and control subjects allowed for the identification of about 3000 distinct proteins within the three analyzed groups, among which proteins anomalous to each category were identified. Of note, several differentially expressed proteins were associated with neurodegenerative processes. Moreover, the protein networks highlighted some molecular pathways that may be involved in the onset or progression of this rare frontotemporal disorder. Therefore, this fully automated MudPIT platform which allowed, for the first time, the generation of the whole protein profile of Lymphoblastoid cells from Nasu-Hakola subjects, could be a valid approach for the investigation of similar neurodegenerative diseases.
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Abdulameer Alazawi, Sundos, et Mohammed Najim Al-Salam. « FIBR-OSS : fault injection model for bug reports in open-source software ». Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, no 1 (1 octobre 2020) : 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i1.pp465-474.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<span>For assessment of system dependability, fault injection techniques are used to expedite the presence of an error or failure in the system, which helps evaluate fault tolerance and system failure prediction. Defects classification and prediction is the principal significant advance in the trustworthiness evaluation of complex software systems such as open-source software since it can quickly be affected by the reliability of those systems, improves performance, and lessening the product cost. In this context, a new prototype of the fault injection model is presented, FIBR-OSS (Fault Injection for Bug Reports in Open-Source Software). FIBR-OSS can support developers to evaluate the system performance during phase's development for its dependability attributes such as reliability and system dependability means such as fault prediction or forecasting. FIBR-OSS is used for fault speed-up to test the system's failure prediction performance. Some machine learning techniques are implemented on bug reports produced existing by the bug tracking system as datasets for failure prediction techniques, some of those machine learning techniques are used in our approach.</span>
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Cutler, Jacky, Pip Harrington, Mike Mitchell et Geoffrey Savidge. « Type 3 Von Willebrand Disease Caused by Homozygous Splicing out of Exon 50. » Blood 104, no 11 (16 novembre 2004) : 1941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.1941.1941.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Von Willebrand disease (VWD), a congenital bleeding disorder, results from quantitative or qualitative defects of von Willebrand factor (VWF). Overall, the estimated prevalence for VWD could be as high as 1.3%, although variable penetrance makes accurate estimation difficult.Quantitative defects of VWF result in disorders classified as Type 1 (Mild- moderate reductions in VW:Ag, VW:C and FVIII levels) and Type 3 (very low levels or absence of platelet and plasma VWF). Type 1 VWD typically has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, but its diagnosis is complicated by reduced penetrance and variable expression. Type 3 VWD is classified as having an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, and may result from a homozygous expression of Type 1. The bleeding diathesis is characteristically severe in this group of patients. VWF levels are strongly associated with ABO group, and this can make diagnosis of type 1 VWD on the basis of phenotypic data difficult. This, and the variability in clinical symtoms should make molecular diagnosis of VWD a useful tool. The VWF gene is large, 52 exons over approximately 178kb, and codes for a protein comprised of 2813 amino acids. The gene is highly polymorphic, and there is a pseudo-gene with 97% homology to exons 23–34 of the functional gene. These factors combine to present difficulties in analysis of the VWF gene solely at the DNA level. We present a consanguinous family which exhibit type 1 and type 3 von Willebrand Disease (VWD). The parents, who are second cousins, both have type 1VWD. Of their four daughters, one has a normal VW phenotype, one has type 1 VWD, and two are phenotypically and clinically characteristic of Type 3 VWD. Sequencing all 52 exons of the VW gene identiifed a T→A substitution at position IVS 50+5. This was the only base change found that had not been not previously identified as a polymorphism. However, changes within the consensus splice sequence do not necessarily represent causative mutations. To support the fact that this change did represent the VWF defect in this family we demonstrated that it segregated with the disease, and was not found in any of 120 normal alleles tested, thus was not a common polymorphism. Comparison with the consensus donor splice sequence (ATGTGAGT) showed that the IVS 50 wild type sequence (AGGTAAGT) is a less than perfect fit. The introduction of a further alteration into this splice junction increases the likelihood of aberrant splicing. This potential was also highlighted by the use of splice site prediction software. The value of DNA analysis in predicting splice variants is limited, as apart from changes at the conserved bases there is naturally occuring variation. RNA analysis is necessary to demonstrate that splice junction variants are effective mutations. RNA analysis of the two Type 3 VWD sisters revealed that exon 50 is spliced out of the mRNA. This was surprising as abolition of a donor splice juction would be expected to cause either the inclusion of intronic sequence or the skipping of the next exon ( in this case exon 51). Exon 50 lies within the CK domain, which comprises the last 150 amino acids of the mature protein. These are essential for the dimerisation of the VWF subunits, which occurs within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and is a vital precursor to multimer formation in the Golgi apparatus. There have been several reports of possible splice defects in the VWF gene. However, few have been analysed at the RNA level to elucidate their effect. This family clearly demonstrates the benefits of utilising a RNA based strategy for the analysis of the VWF gene.
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Liu, Tao, Shaocheng Wu, Yue Ma, Jie Zhao et Hefang Jiang. « Intelligent Test Platform for Power Metering System Software ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2095, no 1 (1 novembre 2021) : 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2095/1/012022.
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Abstract In order to meet the requirements of the operation and maintenance personnel for the power metering system software, when updating the software version, they can independently, quickly and effectively control the quality of the software, an intelligent test platform is designed. Based on the platform, the software operation and maintenance personnel can simply select the corresponding records from the test scripts, test cases and automatic test tools in database debugged by the third-party test team, create the test plan, click the execute button, the platform will automatically connect the selected test tool, intelligently generate a set of executable command lines, to complete the functionality or performance test of the software using the selected test script and test case, and to create the reports of software defects, then a software development team repairs the defects and then the personnel performs regression testing until the new version meets the requirements.
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Pavan Kumar, G., A. Jaya Kumar, P. Krishnanjaneya Reddy, Sooraj Hussain Nandyala, M. A. Lopes et José D. Santos. « Application of Glass Reinforced Hydroxyapatite Composite in the Treatment of Human Intrabony Periodontal Angular Defects – Two Case Reports ». Solid State Phenomena 161 (juin 2010) : 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.161.93.
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Bony defects caused by periodontitis are often treated by regenerative therapy using autografts and/or allografts. Alloplasts such as hydroxyapatite or ceramics and bioactive glasses are used as osteoconductive materials that serve as scaffold for new bony ingrowth. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the possible regenerative capability of glass reinforced hydroxyapatite (Bonelike¬)¬¬¬ an osteoconductive synthetic graft in the treatment of human periodontal intrabony angular defects. The material was placed in 2 defects in 2 individual patients and clinical parameters such as probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) have been included. Bone fill was determined using an intra oral periapical radiograph (IOPA) and Autocad Software. After 3 months implantation period, there was an improvement in CAL and reduction in PD along with bone fill was observed.
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Zhao, Liping, Waad Alhoshan, Alessio Ferrari, Keletso J. Letsholo, Muideen A. Ajagbe, Erol-Valeriu Chioasca et Riza T. Batista-Navarro. « Natural Language Processing for Requirements Engineering ». ACM Computing Surveys 54, no 3 (juin 2021) : 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3444689.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Natural Language Processing for Requirements Engineering (NLP4RE) is an area of research and development that seeks to apply natural language processing (NLP) techniques, tools, and resources to the requirements engineering (RE) process, to support human analysts to carry out various linguistic analysis tasks on textual requirements documents, such as detecting language issues, identifying key domain concepts, and establishing requirements traceability links. This article reports on a mapping study that surveys the landscape of NLP4RE research to provide a holistic understanding of the field. Following the guidance of systematic review, the mapping study is directed by five research questions, cutting across five aspects of NLP4RE research, concerning the state of the literature, the state of empirical research, the research focus, the state of tool development, and the usage of NLP technologies. Our main results are as follows: (i) we identify a total of 404 primary studies relevant to NLP4RE, which were published over the past 36 years and from 170 different venues; (ii) most of these studies (67.08%) are solution proposals, assessed by a laboratory experiment or an example application, while only a small percentage (7%) are assessed in industrial settings; (iii) a large proportion of the studies (42.70%) focus on the requirements analysis phase, with quality defect detection as their central task and requirements specification as their commonly processed document type; (iv) 130 NLP4RE tools (i.e., RE specific NLP tools) are extracted from these studies, but only 17 of them (13.08%) are available for download; (v) 231 different NLP technologies are also identified, comprising 140 NLP techniques, 66 NLP tools, and 25 NLP resources, but most of them—particularly those novel NLP techniques and specialized tools—are used infrequently; by contrast, commonly used NLP technologies are traditional analysis techniques (e.g., POS tagging and tokenization), general-purpose tools (e.g., Stanford CoreNLP and GATE) and generic language lexicons (WordNet and British National Corpus). The mapping study not only provides a collection of the literature in NLP4RE but also, more importantly, establishes a structure to frame the existing literature through categorization, synthesis and conceptualization of the main theoretical concepts and relationships that encompass both RE and NLP aspects. Our work thus produces a conceptual framework of NLP4RE. The framework is used to identify research gaps and directions, highlight technology transfer needs, and encourage more synergies between the RE community, the NLP one, and the software and systems practitioners. Our results can be used as a starting point to frame future studies according to a well-defined terminology and can be expanded as new technologies and novel solutions emerge.
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Gatt, Alex, Joost van Veen, Peter Cooper, Steve Kitchen et Michael Makris. « A Novel Protac®-Modified Thrombin Generation Assay To Identify Individuals at Higher Thrombotic Risk. » Blood 108, no 11 (16 novembre 2006) : 1472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.1472.1472.
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Abstract There is a need for good laboratory prothrombotic markers to identify individuals at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Thrombin generation (TG) estimation is an attractive test since thrombin is a vital enzyme in the clotting cascade, influenced by the interplay of nearly all the clotting factors. However, unmodified thrombinography is not sensitive enough to changes in the protein C (PC) pathway including deficiencies of PC, PS and FVLeiden (FVL) and may lack sensitivity to prothrombotic states. So far studies have focused on the addition of exogenous activated PC (APC) or thrombomodulin (TM) to the TG assay to investigate the contribution of the natural anticoagulant pathway. However, TM is still a relatively expensive research reagent and APC bypasses the activation step of endogenous PC and hence may be less sensitive to conditions like PC and PS deficiency. We studied the effect of Protac® on TG. Protac® is a purified snake venom-extract that rapidly activates endogenous PC to APC. We used the CAT™ to measure TG in a group of patients with inherited thrombophilia, their first degree family members with no detectable defect (‘normal’ FM’s) and control subjects. All analyses were done on platelet poor plasma using a tissue factor concentration of 5pM and 4μM phospholipids. The endogenous thrombin potential (ETP; or area under the curve) was calculated using the Thrombinoscope® software. All samples were tested with and without Protac®. The percentage (ETP%) was calculated using the formula: ETP + Protac / ETP − Protac x 100. Protac® has a dose dependent inhibitory effect on the ETP. Initially we selected a concentration of 0.3U/ml Protac® to test a group of normal females and males (n=17 and 20 respectively). Males are more sensitive to Protac® than females (mean ± SEM 11.8±1.5% for males & 33.2±3.7% for females;P<0.0001). Therefore we analysed the thrombophilic cohort using 0.3U/ml Protac® for women and 0.2U/ml for men. We detected a clear difference between female controls (n=13) vs ‘normal’ FMs (n=13;P<0.05), and ‘normal’ FMs vs women with FVL (n=19;P<0.01). The ETP% was higher in ‘normal’ male FMs(mean 19.9%;n=19) when compared to their controls (mean 8.7%;n=7). The differences were significant between male controls and those with FVL (n=18;P <0.001). We observed a wide range in ETP% for both the FVL groups and the ‘normal’ FMs (eg in the male FVL group range = 24.8–76.3% and for their ‘normal’ FMs 2.2–48.6%). We correlated the ETP&ETP% with the different standard thrombophilia tests. The ETP% correlates inversely with PC, PS, APCR and age, whereas there is a positive correlation between the ETP and FVIII, fibrinogen and age. The APCR test only showed a weak correlation with FVIII. Both the ETP% and the APCR tests predicted well for FVL (95%CI 10.4–27.9, n=47 ETP% and CI −1.3 – −0.9, n=43 APCR). We could also detect a weak correlation between FVIII and the ETP + Protac which was lost when the ETP was expressed as a ratio. Unlike the APCR test, the Protac®-TG assay is sensitive to all the constituents of the PC pathway. Our results are consistent with reports showing that a positive family history of VTE is a risk factor for thrombosis despite negative standard thrombophilia tests. It may also help discriminate between individuals with FVL who have a higher prothrombotic risk than others with the same defect. Finally, this new assay is relatively cheap and easy to perform and is ideal for large studies.
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Kibet, Alex, Simon Karume et Nelson Masese. « Functional Testing on A software Model For Creating A Stable Cryptocurrency Using Fiat Currency For Global Electronic Commerce ». International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no 10 (31 octobre 2022) : 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46682.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract: Software testing is part of a set of activities that ensure high-quality software. It primarily aims at revealing defects that have been inserted into software at various stages of its development. In functional testing, test requirements are derived from software specifications. This paper proposes a functional testing/ evaluation that was performed using the functional specification provided during a Model for Creating a Stable Cryptocurrency Using Fiat Currency for Global Electronic Commerce design and verifies the model against the functional requirements. The functional approach of model effectiveness was used to establish model functions first, and then to build criterion measures to assess how well the objectives were met. The functional requirements of the evaluation model were then transformed into test cases. Furthermore, the test case reports were presented as final findings.
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Vavilenkova, Anastasiia. « THE ROLE OF SOFTWARE TESTING FOR TEAM DEVELOPMENT ». Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series : New solutions in modern technologies, no 2(8) (15 juin 2021) : 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2413-4295.2021.02.08.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The peculiarities of software product testing processes while working in the Scrum-team were studied. The types of testing characteristic of the flexible testing technique are singled out, that make it possible to make the testing process constantly integrated into teamwork, both at the stage of requirements formation and design, and at the stage of coding and generation of test sets. This is possible by making the tester's recommendations in the process of creating user stories, planning the release of the software version in terms of testing and defects, planning a sprint based on user stories and defects, performing a sprint with continuous testing, regression testing after sprint ends and reporting of results of testing. The article highlights the stages of the flexible testing process in the Scrum team. It is proposed to automate the process of flexible testing for a training team project in the Visual Studio software environment based on Team Foundation Server. Author demonstrates an example of automation of the process of flexible testing by dividing it into four quadrants to comply with the principles of working on a flexible methodology of software development. In the first quadrant there is a study of the quality of the internal code of the software product, the modular testing. To implement modular testing in Visual Studio, a new solution is created in order to generate a class for testing, where the conditions for testing are prescribed in the body of the class. The second quadrant implements the principles of system testing. At this stage the features of creating such a test artifact as test cases are demonstrated. That provides for the fulfillment of certain conditions to verify the functionality of the developing software product; linking between created test cases to user stories presented as team project tasks Product Backlog. The study demonstrates an example of manual testing using a special tool Microsoft Test Manager, which allows you to create plans, add and update test cases, perform manual tests. In the third quadrant, it was performed a trial test in Microsoft Test Manager and it was created another test artifact - error reports. The fourth quadrant automatically tests non-functional software requirements.
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Brink, Chantelle Van Den, et Sangwon Han. « Application of Social Network Analysis for Analyzing the Relationships between Root and Direct Causes of Defects ». Modern Applied Science 9, no 12 (31 octobre 2015) : 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v9n12p12.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<p class="zhengwen">This paper addresses the application of social network analysis (SNA) in understanding and representing the relationships between the root and direct causes of defects. The root and direct causes of construction defects were identified through extensive literature review, and the thoroughness of the identified causes was confirmed by examining 91 non-conformance reports. The SNA software UCINET was used to visually map the links between the direct and root causes for identifying the root causes that accounted for the majority of direct causes and defects. A measure of centrality and adjacency indicated that the root cause Constructor Error/Omission was directly linked to seven of the ten identified direct causes. It was also determined that eliminating this root cause together with Transportation Error would reduce the number of defects by 90%. Since the root causes responsible for the majority of direct causes as well as the largest number of defects could be identified using SNA, it is concluded that SNA is a valuable tool for recognizing where resources should be employed for the elimination of defects.</p>
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Hao, Nan Hai, et Zi Xing Qin. « Application of Finite Element Method to Crack Prediction in Laser Cladding Process ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 197 (septembre 2012) : 372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.197.372.
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The cracks in clad layer are the most often defects in laser cladding of low ductility materials. This paper reports the efforts of crack prediction with finite element method. The process is modeled with commercial FEM software package ANSYS and the thermal-mechanical analysis is performed to inquire the strain-stress variation during cladding, especially the variation around the moment of solidification. The analysis result shows that, by the end of cladding, the clad layer is in tension stress and the stress values are varied in directions. The tension stress along the cladding direction is the maximum one, which causes the cracking in clayed layer. Increasing the preheating temperature of substrate is an effective way to avoid the crack generation.
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Hernandez, A., O. Altuzarra, V. Petuya, Ch Pinto et E. Amezua. « A robot for non-destructive testing weld inspection of offshore mooring chains ». International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 15, no 3 (1 mai 2018) : 172988141877053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881418770532.
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Welding flaw detection is a key step in manufacturing many components. In offshore chains, every link is manufactured from a steel bar that is bent and the ends joined by flash butt welding. Ultrasonic inspection of the welded area is required for classification. Defects, if any, are parallel to the welded area, which do not favour detection by manual inspection with 45° beams, as per usual practice . This article reports on CIRUS, a robot developed for automatic inspection of the weld area using a combination of pulse-echo and pitch-catch ultrasonic testing. The robot kinematic structure includes global positioning, local positioning and inspection subsystems, and each subsystem design is described in detail. A data acquisition system processes ultrasonic inspection results and provides visual information for the inspector as well as traceability for quality manufacturing.
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Delker, Erin, Shana Hayes, Ann E. Kelly, Kenneth L. Jones, Christina Chambers et Gretchen Bandoli. « Prenatal Exposure to Cannabis and Risk of Major Structural Birth Defects ». Obstetrics & ; Gynecology 142, no 2 (5 juillet 2023) : 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000005252.
Texte intégralRésumé :
OBJECTIVE: To review and perform a meta-analysis of observational studies that examined associations between prenatal cannabis exposure and major structural birth defects. DATA SOURCES: Information sources included Google Scholar, BIOSIS, PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: Study titles and abstracts were reviewed with Abstrackr software. We included observational studies that examined the risk of major structural birth defects in people who used cannabis during pregnancy compared with those who had not used cannabis. We excluded case reports, ecologic studies, conference abstracts, manuscript preprints, studies designed to examine effects of cannabis used concurrently with other drugs, and studies that included synthetic cannabinoids. This process yielded 23 studies that analyzed data from birth years 1968–2021. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: We clustered and meta-analyzed measures of association for birth defects by anatomic group. Eleven articles reported an association between cannabis use and the risk of a nonspecific outcome (eg, congenital anomaly). We estimated a pooled odds ratio of 1.33 (95% CI 1.14–1.56) and a pooled adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.22 (95% CI 1.00–1.50). Anatomic groups examined were cardiac (nine studies), oral cleft (three studies), digestive (four studies), genitourinary (three studies), musculoskeletal (seven studies), and nervous system (five studies). Across most outcomes, we reported positive pooled unadjusted associations that were usually attenuated after the inclusion of only adjusted estimates. Two specific anomalies, with limited data, had pooled effect estimates that did not attenuate to the null after adjustment: Ebstein anomaly (two studies, aOR 2.19, 95% CI 1.25–3.82) and gastroschisis (five studies, aOR 2.50, 95% CI 1.09–5.740). CONCLUSION: Studies examining associations between prenatal exposure to cannabis and major structural birth defects were heterogeneous. Most published effect estimates were unadjusted and scored low on our risk-of-bias assessment. Overall, we found inconsistent evidence to suggest that prenatal cannabis exposure is associated with birth defects. However, findings related to specific anomalies should be considered in further research. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO, CRD42022319041.
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Na, Wu, Yiran Wang, An Li, Xiaoli Zhu, Changjiang Xue et Qiao Ye. « Acute chlorine poisoning caused by an accident at a swimming pool ». Toxicology and Industrial Health 37, no 9 (3 août 2021) : 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07482337211019180.
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Chlorine is an irritant gas that is widely used in water purification. Several previous reports had reported accidents of inhalation injuries at swimming pools. However, there have been limited data on the detection of on-site chlorine concentration. This study aims to report a chlorine leakage accident at a swimming pool caused by improper disinfection operations. Calculation using the gas diffusion simulation software showed that the on-site chlorine concentration was 221.45 ppm. When the accident occurred, there were 92 individuals at the swimming pool and the gym, among which 61 were referred to the emergency department of five different hospitals for feeling ill. Among them, 22 patients underwent chest high-resolution computed tomography scans in our hospital. According to the findings, 4 (18.2%) patients had peribronchitis, 3 (13.6%) had tracheobronchitis, 4 (18.2%) had pneumonia, 4 (18.2%) had interstitial pulmonary edema, and 3 (13.6%) had alveolar pulmonary edema. The symptoms of 22 patients who visited our hospital significantly improved after comprehensive treatment. Three months after the accident, 8 of 17 patients presented obstructive ventilation defects or small airway dysfunction. The accidental exposure to chlorine may induce acute poisoning with various respiratory injuries and prolonged lung dysfunction.
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Uvaysov, S. U., V. V. Chernoverskaya, An Kuan Dao et Van Tuan Nguyen. « Kohonen’s algorithm in problems of classification of defects in printed circuit assemblies ». Russian Technological Journal 9, no 4 (26 août 2021) : 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2021-9-4-98-112.
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The article presents a new method for diagnosing the technical condition of radio-electronic components, combining the methods of thermal diagnostics with the technologies of artificial neural networks. The structure of the method is shown, and the composition of the functional blocks is determined. The implementation of the method is a symbiosis of technologies for mathematical and simulation modeling of the technical state of a radio-electronic device with its physical tests and research of characteristics. When developing the method, specialized software tools for design and circuit design were actively used, such as Altium Designer CAD, SolidWorks, NI Multisim, the FloTHERM PCB thermal analysis module, as well as the MATLAB mathematical modeling and calculation package. With the help of these tools, a number of studies were carried out, including sets of numerical values of the power of circuit elements and temperature indicators of the printing unit, both for the correct state of the device and in states with artificially introduced defects. They, in turn, became the basis of the database of electronic node failures. To implement diagnostic procedures and identify the technical condition, an artificial neural network based on selforganizing Kohonen maps was created, its structure, parameters and algorithms of functioning were determined. The diagnostic procedure is based on the analysis of information from the fault database and its comparison with experimental data obtained as a result of a physical experiment. The results of the study showed that the network automatically classifies the characteristic defects of electronic components using the algorithms embedded in it. The list of characteristic defects in the proposed diagnostic method is limited to a discrete set of the most common faults, because, as their number increases, the use of the self-organizing Kohonen network for automatic classification becomes much more complicated and ineffective in terms of performance and reliability of identification. Among the advantages of this technology, it should be noted that the Kohonen network has the ability to convert largedimensional input data into a two-dimensional array. So, the results are easy to visualize and convenient to use when generating reports and recommendations for subsequent decision-making about the possibility of using an electronic device.
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Siddiqui, Atif, Muhammad Yousuf Irfan Zia et Pablo Otero. « A Universal Machine-Learning-Based Automated Testing System for Consumer Electronic Products ». Electronics 10, no 2 (10 janvier 2021) : 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10020136.
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Consumer electronic manufacturing (CEM) companies face a constant challenge to maintain quality standards during frequent product launches. A manufacturing test verifies product functionality and identifies manufacturing defects. Failure to complete testing can even result in product recalls. In this research, a universal automated testing system has been proposed for CEM companies to streamline their test process in reduced test cost and time. A universal hardware interface is designed for connecting commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) test equipment and unit under test (UUT). A software application, based on machine learning, is developed in LabVIEW. The test site data for around 100 test sites have been collected. The application automatically selects COTS test equipment drivers and interfaces on UUT and test measurements for test sites through a universal hardware interface. Further, it collects real-time test measurement data, performs analysis, generates reports and key performance indicators (KPIs), and provides recommendations using machine learning. It also maintains a database for historical data to improve manufacturing processes. The proposed system can be deployed standalone as well as a replacement for the test department module of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems providing direct access to test site hardware. Finally, the system is validated through an experimental setup in a CEM company.
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Siddiqui, Atif, Muhammad Yousuf Irfan Zia et Pablo Otero. « A Universal Machine-Learning-Based Automated Testing System for Consumer Electronic Products ». Electronics 10, no 2 (10 janvier 2021) : 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10020136.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Consumer electronic manufacturing (CEM) companies face a constant challenge to maintain quality standards during frequent product launches. A manufacturing test verifies product functionality and identifies manufacturing defects. Failure to complete testing can even result in product recalls. In this research, a universal automated testing system has been proposed for CEM companies to streamline their test process in reduced test cost and time. A universal hardware interface is designed for connecting commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) test equipment and unit under test (UUT). A software application, based on machine learning, is developed in LabVIEW. The test site data for around 100 test sites have been collected. The application automatically selects COTS test equipment drivers and interfaces on UUT and test measurements for test sites through a universal hardware interface. Further, it collects real-time test measurement data, performs analysis, generates reports and key performance indicators (KPIs), and provides recommendations using machine learning. It also maintains a database for historical data to improve manufacturing processes. The proposed system can be deployed standalone as well as a replacement for the test department module of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems providing direct access to test site hardware. Finally, the system is validated through an experimental setup in a CEM company.
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Head Neck Surg, Philip J. Otolaryngol. « Contents Vol. 36 No.2 July-December 2021 ». Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 36, no 2 (11 novembre 2021) : 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v36i2.1841.
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EDITORIAL4 COVID-19 and Climate Change: Signing Up for Our Impossible Dream Lapeña JFF SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT 6 Global Health Community Calls for Climate Action Ahead of COP26 to Avert “Biggest Health Threat Facing Humanity” ORIGINAL ARTICLES8 Pre-Operative Temporal Bone CT Scan Readings and Intraoperative Findings During Mastoidectomy Toral DB, Laganao CRD 13 Endoscopic Type I Tympanoplasty in 70 Patients with Chronic Otitis Media: A Preliminary Report Singh B, Pal P, Osahan HS, Sood AS 18 Determination of Ambient Noise Levels in the Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Units and Adult Ward of the Makati Medical Center Chan-Zamora JP, Cedeño JRR, Guzman PB, Bigalbal JL 22 Cerebro-Spinal Fluid Leak in Skull Base Reconstruction Using Hadad - Bassagasteguy Flap after Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Surgery: A Case Series Formalejo JP, Amable JP 25 Nasolabial Flap Reconstruction for Orofacial Defects: A Case Series Diaz RZ, Cabungcal AC 30 Application of Open-Source 3D Planning Software in Virtual Reconstruction of Complex Maxillofacial Defects Caro DJ, Pamintuan FG CASE REPORTS 36 Approach to a Sewing Needle in the Parapharyngeal Space: A Case Report Bettadahalli V, Bhargava R, Kumar S 40 Single Stage Transoral Cordectomy and Medialization Thyroplasty in Early Glottic Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report Regalado -Go JAF, Flores TJ, Santiago AE SURGICAL INNOVATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION44 Aerosol and Droplet Particles Contained by Inexpensive Barrier Tent During Mastoidectomy: A COVID-19 Innovation Mangubat AD, Labra PJP 49 Addressing Difficulty in Communication While Wearing a Respirator Mask During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Using a Laryngophone Kongsun Ching LVC, Liu PLAA FEATURED GRAND ROUNDS 52 Pyoderma Gangrenosum Initially Presenting as an Ulceration of the Ear Lobule Dulnuan HG, Garcia CV, Tirona-Remulla A FROM THE VIEWBOX 55 Post-traumatic Malleo-Incudal Complex Dislocation Yang NW UNDER THE MICROSCOPE 57 Acantholytic Squamous Cell Carcinoma Maganito SC, Carnate JM CAPTOONS 59 Doknet’s World Billones WU PASSAGES 60 Joselito B. Buluran, MD Lacanilao RC 61 Ibarra R. Crisostomo, MD Bautista RA 62 Eusebio E. Llamas, MD Martinez NV 63 Robie V. Zantua, MD Zantua ACT
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Allen, David, Jochen Wittge, Jennifer Stopford, Andreas Danilewsky et Patrick McNally. « Three-dimensional X-ray diffraction imaging of process-induced dislocation loops in silicon ». Journal of Applied Crystallography 44, no 3 (6 mai 2011) : 526–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889811013264.
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In the semiconductor industry, wafer handling introduces micro-cracks at the wafer edge and the causal relationship of these cracks to wafer breakage is a difficult task. By way of understanding the wafer breakage process, a series of nano-indents were introduced both into 20 × 20 mm (100) wafer pieces and into whole wafers as a means of introducing controlled strain. Visualization of the three-dimensional structure of crystal defects has been demonstrated. The silicon samples were then treated by various thermal anneal processes to initiate the formation of dislocation loops around the indents. This article reports the three-dimensional X-ray diffraction imaging and visualization of the structure of these dislocations. A series of X-ray section topographs of both the indents and the dislocation loops were taken at the ANKA Synchrotron, Karlsruhe, Germany. The topographs were recorded on a CCD system combined with a high-resolution scintillator crystal and were measured by repeated cycles of exposure and sample translation along a direction perpendicular to the beam. The resulting images were then rendered into three dimensions utilizing open-source three-dimensional medical tomography algorithms that show the dislocation loops formed. Furthermore this technique allows for the production of a video (avi) file showing the rotation of the rendered topographs around any defined axis. The software also has the capability of splitting the image along a segmentation line and viewing the internal structure of the strain fields.
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Vivekananda, Ashish Alape, et Eduard Enoiu. « Automated Test Case Generation for Digital System Designs : A Mapping Study on VHDL, Verilog, and SystemVerilog Description Languages ». Designs 4, no 3 (5 août 2020) : 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs4030031.
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Researchers have proposed different methods for testing digital systems and circuits in the last couple of decades. The need for testing digital logic circuits has become more important than ever due to the growing complexity of such systems. During the design phase, testing is focusing on design defects, as well as manufacturing and wear out type of defects. Failures in digital systems could be caused, for example, by design errors, the use of inherently probabilistic devices, and manufacturing variability. As a way to test digital systems in a more efficient way, automated test generation has been proposed to automatically create tests that can quickly and accurately identify faulty components. Examples of such techniques are the sequential test generation, the scan path testing, and the random test generation techniques. With the research domain becoming more mature and growing, it is essential to systematically identify, analyze, and classify these contributions. We performed a systematic mapping study of automated test generation for digital circuits aimed at providing an overview of the application of these techniques. We focused on three of the most widely-used and well-supported hardware description languages (HDLs) for digital systems: Verilog, SystemVerilog, and VHDL. Our results suggest that the majority of the test generation methods for digital circuits are focused on the behavioral and register-transfer design levels. Fault-independent and fault-oriented test generation are the most frequently reported types of test generation methods, while HDL model simulation is the most common test generation technology used to search for test cases in these academic studies. While the results are suggesting a growing interest in this area, the majority of articles are published as conferences papers. Our results show that only 31% of the methods are implemented as software tools and only 63% of all contributions are actually generating executable test cases. This study makes three important contributions, (i) a state-of-the-art of test generation for digital system designs research is provided, (ii) the reported characteristics are identified in both the primary papers and experimental reports, (iii) gaps and opportunities for future test generation for digital system designs research are identified.
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Wu, Xiang-Dong, Yixin Zhou, Hongyi Shao, Dejin Yang, Sheng-Jie Guo et Wei Huang. « Robotic-assisted revision total joint arthroplasty : a state-of-the-art scoping review ». EFORT Open Reviews 8, no 1 (1 janvier 2023) : 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eor-22-0105.
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Background: During the past decades, robotic-assisted technology has experienced an incredible advancement in the field of total joint arthroplasty (TJA), which demonstrated promise in improving the accuracy and precision of implantation and alignment in both primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, revision TJA remains a technically challenging procedure with issues of large-scale bone defects and damage to nearby anatomical structures. Thus, surgeons are trying to harness the abilities of robotic-assisted technology for revision TJA surgery. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched to identify relevant publications that reported the application of robotic-assisted technology in revision TJA. Results: Overall, ten studies reported the use of the robotic system in revision TJA, including active (ROBODOC) and semi-active (MAKO and NAVIO) systems. One clinical case reported conversion from hip fusion to THA, and three studies reported revision from primary THA to revision THA. Moreover, four studies reported that robotic-assisted technology is helpful in revising unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) to TKA, and two case reports converted primary TKA to revision TKA. In this study, we present the latest evolvements, applications, and technical obstacles of robotic-assisted technology in the revision of TJA and the current state-of-the-art. Conclusion: Current available evidence suggests that robotic-assisted technology may help surgeons to reproducibly perform preoperative plans and accurately achieve operative targets during revision TJA. However, concerns remain regarding preoperative metal artifacts, registration techniques, closed software platforms, further bone loss after implant removal, and whether robotic-assisted surgery will improve implant positioning and long-term survivorship.
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Borisovа, E. A., I. P. Lutskan, N. V. Savvina, L. F. Timofeev et O. E. Konovalov. « PECULIARITIES OF ORGANIZATION OF OUTPATIENT CARE FOR ADULTS AND CHILDREN ON BASE OF MEDICAL CENTER OF YAKUTSK CITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA) ». NAUKA MOLODYKH (Eruditio Juvenium) 8, no 4 (30 décembre 2020) : 502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/hmj202084502-510.
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Aim. To study organization of the outpatient care in Yakutsk, incl. that on the base of Medical Center of Yakutsk in the period from 2012 to 2018. Materials and Methods. For this study, statistical data were used on staffing, attendance, morbidity of the children’s and adult population of the city of Yakutsk by ICD-10 classes (per 100 thousand population) for 2012-2018. Statistical data for the work were obtained from an official source – Yakutsk Republican Medical Information and Analytical Center and medical organizations providing primary health care. The work used the data of official statistical reports (forms 7, 12, 17, 30, 36), demographic parameters of the population of the city of Yakutsk. Statistical data processing was carried out using Statistica10 software (Stat Soft Inc., USA) and Microsoft Excel. SWOT analysis of the organization of outpatient care for the population of the city of Yakutsk was carried out. Results. The health status of the population of Yakutsk was characterized by a high level of morbidity in all age groups. Organization of medical care for the population of Yakutsk was characterized by expansion of the network of medical organizations and strengthening of their material and technical base. Introduction of new management mechanisms into the activities of Medical Center in Yakutsk in 2012-2018 allowed to achieve high results of work among the attached population. Conclusions. Development of quality standards for medical and diagnostic services has reduced the number of acts of insurance companies with defects in the provision of medical care and penalties. Introduction of an «effective contract» made it possible to increase the previous level of salaries of medical workers, to additionally attract new workers, and also to increase the effi-ciency of the organization. Formation in a medical organization of a multilevel performance audit system based on a process approach made it possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the organization and develop measures to improve the availability and quality of medical care.
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Sinclair, Marlene, Julie EM McCullough, David Elliott, Anna Latos-Bielenska, Paula Braz, Clara Cavero-Carbonell, Anna Jamry-Dziurla, Ana João Santos et Lucía Páramo-Rodríguez. « Exploring Research Priorities of Parents Who Have Children With Down Syndrome, Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate, Congenital Heart Defects, or Spina Bifida Using ConnectEpeople : A Social Media Coproduction Research Study ». Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no 11 (25 novembre 2019) : e15847. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15847.
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Background Using social media for research purposes is novel and challenging in terms of recruitment, participant knowledge about the research process, and ethical issues. This paper provides insight into the recruitment of European parents of children with specific congenital anomalies to engage in coproduction research by using social media. Secret Facebook groups, providing optimal security, were set up for newly recruited research-aware parents (RAPs) to communicate privately and confidentially with each other and for the research team to generate questions and to interpret findings. Objective This study aimed to use social media for the recruitment and engagement of parents in research and to determine the research priorities of parents who have children with Down syndrome, cleft lip with or without cleft palate, congenital heart defects, and spina bifida. Methods The design was exploratory and descriptive with 3 phases. Phase 1 included the recruitment of RAPs and generation of research questions important to them; phase 2 was a Web-based survey, designed using Qualtrics software, and phase 3 included analysis and ranking of the top 10 research questions using an adapted James Lind Alliance approach. Simple descriptive statistics were used for analysis, and ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Filter Committee of the Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University. Results The recruitment of 32 RAPs was a sensitive process, varying in the time taken to consent (mean 51 days). However, parents valued the screening approach using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory as a measure to ensure their well-being (mean 32.5). In phase 1, RAPs generated 98 research questions. In phase 2, 251 respondents accessed the Web-based survey, 248 consented, and 80 completed the survey, giving a completeness rate of 32.3% (80/248). Most parents used social media (74/80, 92%). Social media, online forums, and meeting in person were ranked the most preferable methods for communication with support groups networks and charities. Most respondents stated that they had a good understanding of research reports (71/80, 89%) and statistics (68/80, 85%) and could differentiate among the different types of research methodologies (62/80, 78%). Phase 3 demonstrated consensus among RAPs and survey respondents, with a need to know the facts about their child’s condition, future health, and psychosocial and educational outcomes for children with similar issues. Conclusions Social media is a valuable facilitator in the coproduction of research between parents and researchers. From a theoretical perspective, ocularcentrism can be an applicable frame of reference for understanding how people favor visual contact.
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Al-Zalfawi, Salman Mohammed, Syed Imam Rabbani, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, Abdulhakeem S. Alamri, Walaa F. Alsanie, Majid Alhomrani, Yahya Mohzari, Ahmed A. Alrashed, Abdulaziz H. AlRifdah et Thabet Almagrabe. « Public Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception towards COVID-19 Vaccination in Saudi Arabia ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no 19 (25 septembre 2021) : 10081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910081.
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Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious infection that mainly affects the respiratory system of patients. To date, more than 10 million people have been affected by this virus, and Saudi Arabia has also reported over 210 million cases. At present, there is no established treatment for COVID-19. Vaccination is one of the ways to defeat the pandemic. Recent reports have indicated rare but serious adverse events after vaccination, causing an anxious response from the general public worldwide. Therefore, this study was aimed at evaluating the knowledge, attitude, and perception of the COVID-19 vaccine among the Saudi population. This study is a cross-sectional, web-based online survey conducted using a snowball sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire prepared in Arabic and English was used to collect feedback from the general population on their knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants (n = 2022) from different regions of the country replied to the questions. The responses to the questions were recorded on a spreadsheet and analyzed using the SPSS software. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and non-parametric tests to draw conclusions about the results. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis was performed to determine the association between the knowledge, attitude, and perception scores and the demographic variables. p < 0.05 was used to indicate the significance of the data. The data from the study indicated that most of the participants were males (81%), between 18 and 59 years of age (85.9%), Saudi nationals (98.3%), and possessed graduation or above as a qualification (62.9%). The results suggest that a major portion of respondents have satisfactory knowledge (76%), a positive attitude (72.4%), and perception (71.3%) towards the use of COVID-19 vaccines. Their responses can be categorized as between ‘good’ and ‘fair’. However, 30–40% of respondents lacked information about COVID-19 vaccination availability for under 18-year-olds as well as for pregnant women, in addition to the lack of knowledge about the serious unreported adverse reactions and long-term protection offered by the vaccine against coronavirus. The correlation analysis between the variables (p > 0.05) indicated that the response to the KAP domains has no direct relationship. The survey results suggest that most of the Saudi population has sound knowledge and a positive attitude and perception. Since the COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for use in pregnancy and above 12-year-old children by health authorities, the lack of information shown by a significant percentage of participants requires strategies to update this information. Awareness programs targeting all sections of the population must be continued to provide all the updates, including vaccinations for pregnant women and children.
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Wen, Qiang Jeremy, Serena Silver, Tim Lewis, Sridevi Ponduru, Vlado Dancik, Ben Goldenson, Mark Bray et al. « A Kinome shRNA Screen to Identify Pathways That Regulate Megakaryocyte Polyploidization and New Targets for Differentiation Therapy ». Blood 116, no 21 (19 novembre 2010) : 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.89.89.
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Abstract Abstract 89 Megakaryocytes undergo a unique mode of cell cycle called endomitosis, which is characterized by repeated rounds of DNA synthesis without cell division. Normally, polyploidization is tightly coupled with expression of megakaryocyte specific genes and terminal differentiation. Although there have been several reports of differences between the proliferative and endomitotic cell cycles, the precise mechanisms that regulate the switch to polyploidization and terminal differentiation remain unknown. To identify genes that play a role in this process, we performed a high throughput shRNA screen assaying for genes whose decreased expression induce polyploidization in CMK megakaryocytic leukemia cell line. We used a kinase biased library of shRNAs, reasoning that targeting the kinome would identify pathways or complexes important for this switch. After transduction of with the lentiviral shRNA library, CMK cells were selected with puromycin, fixed and stained with Hoechst dye. A high content imaging assay using CellProfiler software was employed to analyze the DNA content of microscopic images of cells. By this approach, we screened 775 genes, 650 encoding kinases, with at least 5 hairpins per gene. In parallel, we performed an otherwise identical screen (i.e., modifier screen) that included sub-maximal doses of dimethylfasudil, a drug that we have previously shown to promote megakaryocyte polyploidization. To reduce the off-target effects of shRNA, we only considered genes that scored with two or more shRNAs. In comparison to non-targeted shRNA controls, we considered the top 5% of genes in either the direct or modifier screens to be hits. By this analysis, we identified 71 genes whose loss promoted polyploidization. Pathway analysis revealed that the majority of these genes clustered into five groups. Among these clusters, one was notable for containing AURKA (aurora kinase A), AURKB (aurora kinase B), CCNB1 (cyclin B1), CDK2 and PLK1 (polo-like kinase). The screen revealed that knockdown of Aurora B kinase significantly increased polyploidization in the absence of diMF (p<0.001), but that knockdown of Aurora A kinase only increased polyploidization when diMF was included (p<0.01). Of note, although several studies have examined the expression and function of AURKB in polyploidization, its role in human versus mouse megakaryopoiesis is controversial. Moreover, whether inhibition of Aurora kinases would be a useful therapy for megakaryocytic leukemias, characterized by defects in polyploidization and terminal differentiation, has not been addressed. We discovered that MLN8237, a selective Aurora kinase A inhibitor, and AZD1152, a selective Aurora kinase B inhibitor dose dependently inhibited proliferation while inducing polyploidization, upregulation of megakaryocyte specific lineage markers, and apoptosis of CMK cells and the 6133-MPL murine cell line, which expreses the AMKL fusion protein OTT-MAL and the W515L constitutively active allele of MPL. MLN8237 and AZD1152 induced polyploidization with an EC50 of 22 nM and 210 nM in CMK cells respectively. Both compounds also induced robust polyploidization of human and mouse primary megakaryocytes cultured ex vivo. At the doses utilized, neither drug induced polyploidization of the non-megakaryocyte fractions of the ex vivo cultures, indicating that these inhibitors are selective for megakaryocytes at the doses used in this study. Finally, since we found that MLN8237 was a more potent inducer of polyploidization, we next assayed the ability of the compound to block progression of AMKL in an animal model. MLN8237 significantly increased the survival of 6133-MPL transplanted mice compared to vehicle (p=0.02), demonstrating the anti-leukemic activity of this small molecule. Together, our data suggest that Aurora kinase inhibitors may be useful as differentiation therapeutic agents for AMKL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.