Thèses sur le sujet « Sociologie du patrimoine »
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Girard, Alain. « Expériences touristiques et régime du patrimoine culturel-naturel : éléments pour une sociologie critique du tourisme ». Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10040.
Texte intégralMognard, Élise. « Foie gras, gavage et "touristes-mangeurs" : une sociologie de l'alimentation à l'heure de la mondialisation ». Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20124.
Texte intégralThis thesis is based on issues concerning foie gras, the force-feeding program. From the framework of food tourism, it sheds light on the globalisation of food. It also places the inherent unease that exists within the relationship of the human consumer and animals at the core of the analysis. Thus, the study informs regulations of the contemporary food, characterized by the internationalization of the food markets and the mobility generalized of the eaters. The research was conducted using complimentary investigative methods. A socio-historical study was made analysing European debates concerning force-feeding and the consumption of foie gras. Interviews were conducted with actors and representatives involved in the production of foie gras and developing tourism as well as with tourist eaters. Interactions with tourists were also observed notably during guided tours to farms producing foie gras. Finally, a questionnaire was completed by 662 tourist eaters visiting the Perigord Noir who have come from the Netherlands, The United Kingdom and France. Conclusions from the findings demonstrate an increasing importance by the international civil society in defining representations of food at a global level. What it represents is also diversely translated in local food models. Finally, the tourism experience, socio-culturally constructed and sensitively lived becomes an integral part in the individual updating of food models. When looking at the general circulation of food, what it represents and the consumer, the research clarifies a dialectic movement of standardisation-diversification of food imaginaries and practices
Ouennoughi, Mélica. « Les descendants d'algériens en Nouvelle Calédonie et la culture du palmier dattier : symbolisme et caractérisation du patrimoine variétal ». Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082378.
Texte intégralThe first part of the PhD reconstitutes the phenomenon of introduction of the date palm into the old Maghreb and in West Africa. With the appearance of the almoravides in XIème century, one attends the considerable development of the palm plantations. Under the Eastern influence of the Pheonicians, Andalusia entered the trade-circuits. Centuries later, this one was reconquered by Berbers coming from the Maghreb who introduced the first varietals date selections. In the second part of our work, we have developed the distribution of Berbers dates cores in New Caledonia. This results from the historical presence of the Algerians off-set on the Caledonian territory at the XIXème century. Who are these Berbers and which development (social, religious, politic or economic structure) through the heritage of their ancestors, have been introduced through the date palms trees? It leads us to seek the causes of the insurrections related partly of the destructurations of the organizations of the village communities (djemâas) caused by the colonial phenomenon in Algeria
Ferreira, Da Silva Alzilène. « O papel do centro histórico na cidade : um estudo comparitivo entre João Pessoa e Tours ». Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR2003.
Texte intégralA comparative study between the historic places of cities of Joao Pessoa, Brazil, and Tours, France was conducted. Our aim was to understand how these historic places are perceived by people, especially by the inhabitants. The study also aims to understand the value that the people will attribute to old buildings after his rehabilitation, related to the enhancement of cultural heritage, which functions as lifting axis of urban policies. An ethnographic analyses shows that both realities reveal not only differences but also similarities
É conspícuo, na cena contemporânea, que o patrimônio e a cultura vêm assumindo posições privilegiadas nas políticas urbanas, apresentando-se como instrumento de transformação do cariz das cidades. No entrecho dessa candente tendência ganha relevo a competitividade entre as urbes, que passam a granjear uma imagem que as tornem vendável, capazes de atrair investimentos e turistas. Nos holofotes desse tablado as cidades tornam-se notáveis protagonistas, dirigidas pelas políticas de reabilitação urbanas. Nesse enredo os centros históricos ganham visibilidade acentuada e são convertidos em palcos para a espetacularização e encenação da vida cotidiana. Imbricado a esse processo de produção de imagens recrudescem nesse cenário o fenômeno da gentrificação
Labat, Corinne. « Pays et patrimoine, économie et développement, ethnologie et idéologie ». Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20009.
Texte intégralFor more twenty years, one notes the emergence of the concept of "land" and the rediscovery of patrimony too. This double resurgence has concretized oneself in 1995 with the creation of the "lands" by a law, which is often, the occasion to mobilize the patrimony, to define these new spaces, to make them identifiable. In order to understand and to explain this phenomenon we chose to observe and study the construction of one of these new territories, the Lauragais, as a practitioner an ethnology of the alive one. Many are those which considered themselves, particularly in rural areas, life forgotten by the development ; the "land" allows to assert their reality, to build their identity, to be even opposed to national directives decided elsewhere. A significant question arises : attend one a transfer of the relations of domination in the social representations ? It will be necessary for us to define the concepts, and to treat many questions : heterogeneity and extension of the patrimonial field, the creation of a territorial identity, the use of the knowledge, the return of the myth, the commercialization of the culture, the political strategies. .
Poddubnykh, Tatiana. « Building the World Heritage List at UNESCO : a Socio-political Approach to International Relations within a World Organization ». Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0035.
Texte intégralThis research project is a socio-political analysis of the International Relations within an International Organization, levering the practical case of UNESCO in the context of the establishing World Heritage Lists. It suggests a theorization of the underlying process, by which numerous actors take part in the selection and subsequent publication of World Heritage Lists. In addition to providing individual states with the tools to achieve their national objectives, UNESCO seem to contribute to the establishment of universal values and cosmopolitan identities. The establishment processes of these Lists and their content appear increasingly influenced by the behavior of their actors (i.e., states and individuals). In that context, the role of UNESCO seems ambivalent. It serves both as (a) guarantor for the underlying fundamental values of the institutions and as a place of (b) political economy, in which influences are exchanged between actors that can lead to power struggles and even conflicts. However, this tension doesn’t seem to impact the perceived value of the Lists by most actors and appears to only partially impact the perception of the Organization’s capacity to promote peace-building and closer relationships between peoples
Mayaud, Isabelle. « Sciences de la musique sans frontières ? : Contribution à une sociologie du processus de primitivisation ». Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080007.
Texte intégralIn this dissertation, I analyse how, in the modern period, the different scientific domains dealing with music were divided, and how, at the same time, musical repertories were organised into a hierarchy. This research, focused on the French case, is based on a socio-historical enquiry and on several sources dating from the beginning of the seventeenth to the mid-twentieth century. Those sources are both manuscript and printed, and range from administrative documents, scientific and museum archives, conference proceedings and other printed sources related to the Universal Exhibitions, to archives from the publishing sector and other pieces related to the collection and curating of musical instruments, songs and audio recordings. The following methods were mobilised : lexical analysis, textual sociology, databases and historical ethnography. The enquiry emphasizes a configuration of the process of making music a part of national heritage by the French State, which is also a long-term process of social differentiation through the music. Collecting and curating operations of musical objects were initiated by the Second Empire and consolidated by the Third Republic. These operations have contributed to make certain repertories anhistorical, kept in a zone below history. This separation is analysed as a symbolic domination system, which was enacted by several administrations (Public Instruction, Trading and Industry, Fine Arts, Colonies), produced and reproduced by different agents commissioned by the State (teachers and professors, academicians, curators, territorial leaders)
Kurzac-Souali, Anne-Claire. « Les médinas marocaines : une requalification sélective : élites, patrimoine et mondialisation au Maroc ». Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040225.
Texte intégralThe Moroccan medinas are not museums neither are they the impoverished, crumbling inner-cities that we were led to believe up until a couple of decades ago. These ancient, archetypal urban webs are above all else social, economic and residential centres that adapt to changes whilst faced with the delicate and demanding management of their architectural heritage. The majority of medinas is classified as UNESCO World Heritage Sites (Marrakech, Essaouira, Fès) and have been developed by tourism. They are now seen and imagined in a different light and are newly esteemed at the heart of contemporary Moroccan towns. The riad phenomenon has encouraged the re-establishment of certain areas of the medinas at a grass roots level whilst at the same time being instrumental in deep changes within the ancient web of medinas. The main object is to reconsider the study of the strongly characterised medinas by analysing the magnitude of their heritage, their present day realities, their mobility and the actors in these new urban developments from a geographical perspective
Leborgne, Yann. « Patrimoine culturel immatériel et résilience : territorialités et lieux matriciels ». Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMLH20/document.
Texte intégralSocial practices and representations, passed from generation to generation, are today defined as “intangible cultural heritage” and figure in both national and international patrimonial provisions (Unesco 2003). In some cases, people’s attachment to “intangible cultural heritage” can reveal the existence of “areas of suffering”, whether personal or societal. As a spatial phenomenon, the expression of which is often related to a geographical location, “intangible cultural heritage” contributes to Man’s and society’s capacity to ensure its sustainability through the preservation of Man’s feelings of identity, territorial presence and continuity through Time. Successful or not, patrimonialisations are proof of the energy of those who perpetrate them. In fine, “intangible cultural heritage” conveys territorialities linked to the resiliency of those who create such heritage and hold on to it. A field study of 9 sites, in the Normandy and Pays de la Loire regions, shows that these expressions of “ICH” provide Man with a way to overcome disruptions through resiliency, detectable on various geographical scales: from the micro scale, where we look after the individual and his organic corporal location, to the meso and macro scales, where they tend to mend the wider socio-territorial fabric. Thus, between locations, communities and territories, “intangible cultural heritage” becomes part of a matrix territoriality. It is, therefore, part of the permanent re-creation between Mankind and Earth
Malti, Maliha. « La question patrimoniale à Tlemcen (Algérie) : héritages, représentations et enjeux territoriaux et sociaux ». Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30080.
Texte intégralThe ancient city, the ruins, monuments and historical sites of the city are our interest in this study: how have they been heritage? The notable fact is that the old buildings that make up the city have undergone various changes, both in the development aspect in use: "These buildings are themselves signs," representatives "who have an absolute value compared to the history of land use "(Carabelli R. 1999, p.15). Historical events and the high places of urban life have participated in these mutations. How these monuments are integrated in the scheme of urban planning? It integrates as it harmonizes with the physiology of the city? It fits because it reminds urban history? The monuments existed as a mark of the city before the word heritage. How they come to us? And in what state? And why ? And how ? Is it negligence or through ignorance?
Grossi, Valentina. « L'image négociée. Une sociologie des professions du photojournalisme à l'ère numérique ». Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH136.
Texte intégralMany observers argue that the professions revolving around photojournalism are facing a deep crisis in recent decades due to increased competition with image banks and amateurs. However, several organizations continue to handle the production of photojournalistic images in a specialized manner, championing the importance of maintaining what they refer to as a “professional” attitude towards these objects. How can some actors successfully claim the “license” to produce these artifacts and the possibility of autonomously defining their own “mandate”, while their monopoly over this activity is no longer taken for granted? A two-pronged inquiry, both historical and ethnographic, will provide an answer to this question. The ethnographic part of this research was carried out on three French editorial boards: the photo service of an international news agency, the editorial staff of the print edition of a national newspaper, and the web editorial team of a news magazine. This investigation showed that the strong division of labor in media companies is not at odds with the exercise of professional autonomy, understood as the ability, for actors, to implement complex assessments while reflecting on the very aims of their activity. The virtuosity of photojournalism professionals consists in bringing together heterogeneous constraints, which are not reducible to the simple logic of profit. These constraints are reinforced and updated through interactions between actors who compose the different professional segments and through the contacts they maintain with external groups (i.e. the sources and the public). Autonomy is therefore the result of a sui generis work organization that allows professionals to develop a specific morality in connection with that of neighboring groups as well as the “intelligence” of their activity. However, tendencies towards “deprofessionalization” are also noticeable: the actors’ autonomy is undermined when production systems tend to individualize work and, at the same time, to abolish complex judgment. This thesis thus aims to contribute to current discussions on the impact of digital technologies and new forms of work organization on professional autonomy
Étienne, Guillaume. « Religion, ethnicité et patrimoine : un pélerinage berrichon approprié par les migrations ». Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR2024/document.
Texte intégralBased on the study of a local pilgrimage in the midst of France, witch appropriation was done by the Portuguese migrants of the area round 1960, this thesis questions the elaboration, expression and visibility, concerning their feeling as members of a community. These representations are built and expressed through both religious and ethnic, most often imbricated categories. This pilgrimage appears as a patrimonial moment, enhancing their attachment to Portugal and at the same time their claim for local roots. Or even autochthony, alongside those who, for various reasons, rather invest Christian identity. This thesis explores the complex construction of belongings, circumstances and ways in which they are expressed or, on the contrary fall silent, one hand from the analysis of the pilgrimage showing how participants perceive this annual event and mobilize alternately tradition, territory, religion or origin references, and secondly by highlighting the Church’s role, and especially that of the diocese in the making of an otherness rooted in a particularly inclusive religious context
Juillard-Macian, Claire. « Sociologie d'un événement : le tremblement de terre d'Assise (Italie, 26 septembre 1997) ». Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0095.
Texte intégralThe target being San Francisco's basilica, symbol of the creed of figurative painting advent, the seism of 1997 brings about a patrimonial as well as religious drama, the monument being also a topmost of Christianism. The tragedy is human too, as men did perish in the debris. The disaster is unanimous but it starts controversy about the attention payed first to the church isntead of the twenty-two thousand people evicted from the shaken place astride Umbria and Marche in central Italy. The thesis sets off the spatial and temporal unit of the event as well as its complexity and its swelling in space and time. After having caught the immediate vicinity of it, the thesis includes a first slide decentring with the restauration lay out of battered basilica frescoes. In fact the destruction and rebuilding of them, is a device. The analysis goes on with estimating the infornumate lot of families whose fate includes another lighting of the disaster, then its rocking in space and time science. Its numeros manifestations recall that event the natural aspect of the drama is the purpose of arguing
Mayaud, Isabelle. « Sciences de la musique sans frontières ? : Contribution à une sociologie du processus de primitivisation ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080007.
Texte intégralIn this dissertation, I analyse how, in the modern period, the different scientific domains dealing with music were divided, and how, at the same time, musical repertories were organised into a hierarchy. This research, focused on the French case, is based on a socio-historical enquiry and on several sources dating from the beginning of the seventeenth to the mid-twentieth century. Those sources are both manuscript and printed, and range from administrative documents, scientific and museum archives, conference proceedings and other printed sources related to the Universal Exhibitions, to archives from the publishing sector and other pieces related to the collection and curating of musical instruments, songs and audio recordings. The following methods were mobilised : lexical analysis, textual sociology, databases and historical ethnography. The enquiry emphasizes a configuration of the process of making music a part of national heritage by the French State, which is also a long-term process of social differentiation through the music. Collecting and curating operations of musical objects were initiated by the Second Empire and consolidated by the Third Republic. These operations have contributed to make certain repertories anhistorical, kept in a zone below history. This separation is analysed as a symbolic domination system, which was enacted by several administrations (Public Instruction, Trading and Industry, Fine Arts, Colonies), produced and reproduced by different agents commissioned by the State (teachers and professors, academicians, curators, territorial leaders)
Bride, Jérémie. « Le karaté, patrimoine vivant immatériel : médiation interculturelle des pratiques japonaises/françaises ». Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1001.
Texte intégralMartial art included in a sino-japanese and bouddhist tradition, karate is a living intangible heritage. From different schools of karate style, Grandmasters perpetuate practices on one hand ensuring succession and secondly by controlling their admissible forms. The purpose of this thesis focused on the terms and conditions under which the intercultural mediation of the practices karate took place in the globalization context and under the effect of time and of the Masters.Four additional studies were provided. 1) The preliminary study reproduced the socio-historical macrocontext of the karate migration paths played by teachers and schools. 2) The ethnographic approach of Japanese trainings (five remarkable dojos) described and modeled the original practices facing reconfigured forms. 3) The contrastive approach of grandmasters speech in their life stories (N interviewed = 4 Japanese + 4 French) was processed by a content analysis. 4) The micro-study of respiratory kata Tenshô allowed to reach the anthropo-cultural dimension of karate facing shared invariants with other Japanese arts heritage. Results showed that the intercultural mediation of practices between Japan and France generated new forms of education that took a highly contextualized cultural meaning.The anthropo-didactic dimension of karate teaching was identified so as to question the intercultural mediation terms in the perspective of a dialogue with otherness
Pulh, Mathilde. « La valorisation de l'expérience de consommation d'activités culturelles : le cas des festivals d'arts de la rue ». Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOE005.
Texte intégralDornier-Agbodjan, Sarah. « Histoire de liens, histoire de biens : la photographie de famille : mémoire et transmission ». Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA1001.
Texte intégralCharléty, Véronique. « Figures muséales et changements socio-politiques : les musées d'histoire locale à Berlin : entre invention et conservation ». Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010308.
Texte intégralPalisse, Marianne Martin Jean-Baptiste. « Les Bauges entre projets institutionnels et dynamiques locales patrimoines, territoires et nouveaux lieux du politique / ». Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2006/palisse_m.
Texte intégralCosta, Mónica Jorge da. « L'urbanisation à Macao : entre traditions et modernité : D'un renouveau urbain à la ville d'aujourd'hui ». Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/20753.
Texte intégralCorriveau, Louis Simon. « Protection grandissante d'un héritage menacé : vers la déliaison du religieux et du culturel au Québec ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29498/29498.pdf.
Texte intégralMigakini-Laï, Gilbert. « Dynamisme et caractère identitaires des patrimoines musicaux Nzakara et Yakoma (République Centrafricaine) ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0577/document.
Texte intégralThe Nzakara and Yakoma people live in the southeast of the Central African Republic and according to mythical accounts share common origins. Their musical heritages convey their cultural specificities which resonnate in their musical practices. Within their identity construction processes, it is possible to identify very different roles played by the forest and the river: the forest promotes closure and the river, opening.The Nzakara way of live is linked with the forest, which constitutes their main musical source of inspiration. They tend to be conservative, are not ready to move away from their sources, unaware of the realities of the fast-changing world. This pre-colonial society was strongly hierarchical. The music used in most cases by the poets is closely linked to the sociopolitical organization of the dynasty Bandia. The Yakoma way of live, conversely, is usually described as the "civilization of the river", which also constitutes their musical source of inspiration. They tend to be more open and adapt more easily to social changes. Their society is not organized hierarchically.The arrival of the colonists accompanied by Catholic and Protestant missionaries resulted in a virulent struggle against their religious symbols, musical practices and the musical instruments. This situation destabilized and disillusioned the Nzakara, leading them to abandon their cultural practices
Boutelier, Cécile. « Décider la programmation des espaces sportifs : la question des outils d'aide à la décision : entre logiques d'acteurs, demandes sociales et obsolescence du patrimoine : l'exemple de la Ville de Rennes ». Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933359.
Texte intégralMangin, Alexandre. « 宮本常一 : un ethnographe folkloriste, infatigable marcheur à la recherche de l'identité japonaiseMiyamoto Tsunéichi ». Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2008_out_mangin_a.pdf.
Texte intégralThis work intends to introduce the life and work of folklorist Miyamoto Tsuneichi thanks to whom the new science created by Yanagita Kunio (i. E. Minzokugaku) could enter modernity, especially insisting on fieldwork. Studying his path and his formative years, I will show how that science was academically constituted. This epistemological analysis is followed by an introduction to the major themes in miyamotian work, whose common point is to interrogate about what the Japanese are, especially the lower classes, first of all the rural ones. This author tries to show, particularly by using History as well as making sociological observations and doing researches about "patrimony", how rurality nourrished the identity and cultures of the Japanese, and he observes the decline of life in rural areas due to rural exodus. Among the aims of this discipline, the moral side could not stop a process that seems irreversible even today. However, the desciptive side, illustrated by the huge amount of books written by Miyamoto gives us today an unprecedented database about the folk cultures in Japan
Lefort, Nicolas. « Patrimoine régional, administration nationale : la conservation des monuments historiques en Alsace de 1914 à 1964 ». Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037903.
Texte intégralCharrasse, Fanny. « Magies de la modernité : illégitimité et légitimation du magnétisme en France et du chamanisme au Pérou ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022EHES0023.
Texte intégralFor a long time, in industrial societies, magical practices such as shamanism, fortune-telling, spiritualism or magnetism were disqualified, even repressed, on the pretext that they were incompatible with modernity: from the point of view of an “analogic” ontology they seemed destined to disappear in western and westernized countries, because of the growing power of “naturalism”—to use the categories forged by Philippe Descola. In the past few decades, however, we can observe how these magical and traditional practices are increasingly tolerated. In some cases, they are even promoted and protected by institutional actors (for instance, in hospitals or museums). To explain this change of attitude, many researchers invoke a general cultural change. This invocation, however, not only ignores analyses of how this change is related to structural transformations of industrial societies, but also obstructs examination of how these practices have transformed. These transformations are the object of study in this PhD dissertation, which consists of two empirical case-studies: magnetism in France and shamanism in the Lambayeque region of Peru. On the basis of comparative research combining ethnography and socio-historical investigation, I analyze the significant social work, often left in the shadows by scholars studying it, that has been done in recent decades to conform these two practices to the expectations of industrial modernity—a process I call “simple modernization” and that involves their professionalization and marketization. In doing so, I show that contemporary challenges of the foundations of industrial society, through critique of the superiority granted to western (naturalist) knowledge over ancient (analogic) knowledge, is not a “return to the past” as some actors would claim, but rather a next step in the accomplishment of the project of modernity—corresponding, in this case, to the transition to reflexive modernization. The dissertation establishes the central role that the social sciences play in this process, a role of which, it is argued, they should become more aware
Girault, Bénédicte. « Mémoires d’un ministère : Une analyse secondaire de l’enquête orale du Service d’histoire de l’éducation (c.1950-c.2010) ». Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0942.
Texte intégralFrom 1991 to 2014, the French Service d’Histoire de l’Education conducted a large oral investigation into the activities of the Ministère de l’Education Nationale since the end of WWII. Its purpose was twofold: identifying the decision-making processes of the ministry’s officials, and creating an archive from the testimonies of the institution’s executives. From this endeavour came 283 interviews that make up more than 1100 hours of recordings. This doctoral thesis draws on this corpus to explore the hypothesis that the biases commonly attributed to oral archives can turn out to be fertile ground for historians. The recordings themselves therefore form the main object of this work: by deconstructing them, it should be possible to understand how this type of memory-based production may contribute to the writing of history, and be of use to historians. Tracing back the history of this survey first involves delving into the historiographical agenda of the 1990s through the critical analysis of the project and of the interviewers’ practices. The survey was thought out in such a way that its participants were assigned to a specific function in the institution, forming the basis for a top-down, yet collective writing of the Education Nationale’s history. The question is then to grasp how, one ministry after another, personal experiences and shared memory/ies come together between the time of the events and the time when people testified, contributing to a wider dialectic of the history of education as it was being written. Finally, like in the other ministries, the period the survey spans coincides with the domination of the State by professional administrators out of the National School of Administration (ENA), forcing the academics and the professionals within the Education Nationale to step down. By pinpointing these competing recollections and their dynamics through the study of the discourse, the means of justification, and the orders of worth that set them apart, this thesis aims to contribute to the analysis of the ecology of the professions within a ministry
Musinde, Sangwa Sylvain. « Parenté et patrimoine foncier chez les Bena Mambwe de la République démocratique du Congo : la réappropriation de la dépouille de l'épouse par son lignage ». Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070033.
Texte intégralThis research which focuses on "Kinship and land at the Bena Mambwe of the Democratic Republic of Congo around th( rituals of reappropriation of the remains of the wife by his lineage" puts in the front the functional role of the lineage in this population. For this one, in fact, the lineage is seen as a nation in miniature. As such, it gives to all its members, both indissoluble nationality and citizenship. This is the originality of this doctoral research that brings out ail the value upon which are based the life and survival of this population. Hi other words, not perpetuating the practice of reclaiming and repatriation of the remains of a bride, in relation to her parents and the estate of her lineage is equivalent to the rejection and the denial of her tradition of secular several rimes and, therefore, the refusai to grain, ad mortem, an identity to the "ngazi" and thus a break with his vision of the world, that is, a misunderstanding of its traditional heritage. Has Marcel Mauss not advocated in his time, that social facts were total and global? It is thus for the Bena Mambwe, die kinship and land heritage as well as die rite of reappropriation and repatriation of precious remains of a bride who died outside his lineage. This is why the Mambwe argue that they are viewed as a whole in the functioning of its system and ail its subsystems, jealous that they are acquired from their ancestral past
Bustamante, Fajardo Luis Mauricio. « L’UNESCO et la culture : construction d’une catégorie d’intervention internationale, du « développement culturel » à la « diversité culturelle » ». Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0130.
Texte intégralThe objective of the thesis is to contribute to the study of the constitution of culture as a category of international intervention. UNESCO is the field where we observe this process during the period of 1966-2005. Through many types of sources and methods (archival analysis, statistical analysis, interviews, participant observation), the thesis retraces social genesis, the conditions of possibility and the issues which structure the international stage of debates on culture and cultural goods. By the 1960s, the “cultural development” is imposed as a doctrine which legitimize the actions of the state in the cultural sector. Debates continue in the following decades and focus on the delineation of areas of intervention, as well as on the degree of participation of the public authorities and the market as the facilitator of the production and mediator in the circulation of cultural goods. In this process appears a competitive space where international actors with different statuses (politicians, diplomats, international civil servants, researchers, academics, artists, etc. ) interact to define a legitimate conception of culture and cultural forms of action. The principle of “cultural diversity” is the latest manifestation of these international struggles, it aims to ensure the autonomy of national cultural production in the face of the uneven internationalization of markets. It is part of the continuous international debates which never cease to be reactivated for more than half a century. This thesis would like to contribute to the reflection on the process of creation, circulation and legitimization of new categories of action when thinking about culture
Quintane, Audrey. « Jeux d'acteurs et enchevêtrement des vecteurs d'action : sociologie qualitative et approche interdisciplinaire du processus de patrimonialisation de l’usine de Paulilles devenue «site classé» ». Thèse, Montréal, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9685.
Texte intégralThis thesis proposes an empirical study of the patrimonialization of the Nobel dynamite factory in southern France. This factory is now a public-open site since June 28th 2008. When it stopped its production in 1984, the company abandoned the factory and left its employees jobless. This situation had many consequences and created numerous controversies, partly because of the real estate interest that was shown for the territory on which the old factory was built. This thesis explores the different steps that led the authorities to declare the Nobel factory a public territory, according to a 1930 French law. This study also analyses the role played and the positions taken by different actors (associations, workers, medias, public agents, territorial communities, etc.) form 1984 to 2008, when the factory was made a public site. By doing so, the author wishes to trace the different processes that led to the patrimonialization of the Nobel dynamite factory.
Thèse réalisée en cotutelle avec l'Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), France.
Palisse, Marianne. « Les Bauges entre projets institutionnels et dynamiques locales : patrimoines, territoires et nouveaux lieux du politique ». Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/palisse_m.
Texte intégralBased on fieldwork in the mountainous region of Bauges, in the Savoie, and more precisely in the Canton of Chatelard, this thesis introduces an approach to research that explores relationships to time and space, and how members of a contemporary rural community create a sense of social community. Once nearly deserted, the locality is now experiencing a revitalization due to immigration. Groups from diverse origins are living alongside one another, and, though remaining linked to networks that extend beyond the locality, they are attempting to build a community. At the same time, in projects depicting the patrimonial heritage of the area, institutions, including a regional natural Park, convey an image of the community as based on a model of federation. While these representations have been popular with tourists, the local population contests them, citing that they do not recognize themselves in these images. In contrast with the history valorized by the images of patrimonial history, which convey a territorial continuity and tend to position members of the community as spectators of a reality upon which they have little influence, the inhabitants have recourse to a memory in which they describe themselves as actively forging community. Far from copying a model available from cities, the locality is attempting to produce a community founded on experimentation, creating new modes of public space that permit members to engage directly in political life, without any intermediaries
Rede, Marcelo. « L' appropriation de l'espace domestique à Larsa : la trajectoire de la famille Sanum ». Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010542.
Texte intégralBosredon, Pauline. « Habiter et aménager les centres anciens : les reconfigurations du rapport des acteurs à la vieille ville par le classement au patrimoine mondial, une comparaison entre Harar en Ethiopie et Alep en Syrie ». Rennes 2, 2010. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/TheseBosredon.pdf.
Texte intégralThe heritage process in urban centres transforms the relationship between actors and the historic town : first, the amount of their daily investments, in other words their dwelling ; then their mobilization, that is to say the ability to act on this urban space ; finally, all the strategies they implement for that. The thesis questions itself about the meaning given to the heritage process by the institutional actors and analyzes the way it uses it to implement their policy. Moreover, the thesis questions itself too about the way the other actors of the city — inhabitants, users, economic actors — take their position in keeping with their district transformation, in regard to their own interest and to their capacity to act or to react. Aleppo in Syria and Harar in Ethiopia, two cities of world heritage which have been classified 20 years apart, are the objects of this study. To compare one town with the other one highlights four different positionings faced with heritage process. The instrumental position considers the heritage a tool to legitimate actions on urban spaces ; above all, it is the position of institutional actors. On the other hand, the social position turns heritage process into a means to improve inhabitants living conditions and to maintain their way of life. This position is against the conservative one that see heritage as a tool to safeguard the built environment which is the essential support, in their eyes, of the identity and history of the town. The economic position, as for it, bets on tourism as an essential tool of heritage development and consequently of local economy development ; to maintain this position, the town requires sufficient ressources but in that case some other ordinary activities may disappear. Finally, the cultural position differentiates itself from institutional heritage process ; it is the position shared by the inhabitants and the users of the old city which, through their way of life and their daily practices, create a living and popular heritage which jeopardizes the institutional heritage process
Hadibi, Mohand Akli. « Le Groupe d'Études sur l'Histoire des Mathématiques à Béjaïa : une association indépendante à la recherche du patrimoine d'une ville et de sa province dans l'Algérie d'aujourd'hui ». Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0144.
Texte intégralThis thesis presents a sociology of the construction of a Utopia in a berbérophone province of Algeria, Bejai'a. The case study in question concerns the revalorisation of a local and national patrimony, undertaken by a group of mathematicians (GEHIMAB, Groupe d'Études sur l'Histoire des Mathématiques à Bejaia au Moyen Age). The analysis attempts to account for the consecration of the group that originated this enterprise, via an understanding of the trajectories of the actors. It locates the project in the objects upon which it works, the personalities in which it is invested, and the strategies which it follows. The approach adopted is sociological, but several disciplines contribute to the argument. The first part of the thesis presents the theoretical approach and sociological method employed. The second presents a sociology of the actors in question. The third part deals with the discovery of a manuscript library and the uses to which it, and its contents, are put, demonstrating both the status of written knowledge and lettered learning, and the symbiosis that existed between the written and the oral. The fourth part of the thesis pertains to the multiple dimensions of the city
Istasse, Manon. « Living in a World Heritage site : ethnography of the Fez medina (Morocco) ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209406.
Texte intégralFirstly, I follow medina houses in terms of networks, that is to say the various ways to engage with their materiality in the everyday life. In this ethnographic report, I wonder how to inhabit houses located in a World Heritage site. This ethnography allows to question notions such as legality, taste, privacy, hospitality tradition or agency, and it brings to the fore a debate concerning the skills of Moroccan inhabitants to take care of their house and their blindness to heritage. I argue that houses have another story the official heritage one because they offer holds, affordances, to which human actors qualify. Heritage is one of these qualities.
I then focus on heritage as a trajectory to shed light on how houses cross the heritage border – are qualified as heritage. I firstly add the category of autodidact experts and I propose a wider definition of expertise as an ability "to speak in the name of". I then underline the importance of senses and affects in the relation with houses and I suggest that they are one possible component in the heritage qualification together with actions and justification. Finally, I argue that better than the notion of heritage border, the notion of attachment allows grasping the qualification of houses as heritage for it stresses both the similarities and the differences between houses and elements of heritage. Heritage as a quality results from a "plus of attention" and relates to nostalgia or a feeling of threat, loss and disappearing; values related to purity, materiality and time; and actions of preservation and transmission.
Finally, houses may be heritage through their qualification but heritage is also something else than houses in Fez, such as a label or a justification for members of institution in charge of tourism development or heritage preservation, a tool for sustainable development in the context of international projects, a definition assorted with criteria, an object to preserve for experts, an object of research in the field of social sciences, or a legal object. These are forms of heritage circulating between situations in which they anchor and are actualised. Each form has its own characteristics, its own criteria of (e)valuation, while all the forms share similarities that I define as the heritage fiction, namely a specific relation to the past, the idea of culture as a specific entity, the importance of experts, and moral principles. In a last time, I take as a basis the circulation and the anchorage of the heritage fiction and its forms to think of the local and the global as qualities and not as scales or levels.
Mon objectif est d'expliciter l'actualisation du patrimoine en décrivant la manière dont les individus qualifient une chose, dans ce cas les maisons de la médina de Fès au Maroc (site du patrimoine mondial depuis 1981), de patrimoine. Dans ce cadre, je définis le patrimoine à la fois comme une qualité que les individus attribuent à cette chose dans leur relation avec elle, et comme une fiction qui circule entre et s'ancre en situation(s).
Tout d'abord, je m'intéresse aux réseaux qui passent par et se croisent dans les maisons et je pose la question de l'engagement des individus avec la matérialité des maisons. Cette ethnographie de l'habitat quotidien dans un site du patrimoine mondial permet d'aborder des notions telles la légalité, le goût, l'intimité, l'hospitalité, la tradition ou l'agency. Elle met également en avant un débat sur les compétences des habitants à prendre soin de leur maison et sur leur aveuglement au patrimoine. Je défends l'idée que les maisons ont une autre histoire que celle, officielle, du patrimoine national et mondial et qu'elles proposent aux individus des prises et affordances que ces derniers peuvent qualifier. Le patrimoine est une de ces qualités.
Une étude de la trajectoire du patrimoine permet alors d'expliciter comment les maisons traversent la frontière patrimoniale (sont qualifiées de patrimoine). Tout en proposant une définition plus large de l'expertise comme la capacité de "parler au nom de", je relative l'opposition entre experts et non-experts avec la catégorie intermédiaire d'amateur. Je souligne également l'importance des sens et des affects dans la relation aux maisons qui, tout comme les actions et les justifications, constituent des composantes possibles de la qualification patrimoniale. Enfin, la notion d'attachement, mieux que celle de frontière patrimoniale, met en lumière à la fois ce qui est similaire et ce qui distingue les maisons et les éléments de patrimoine. Le patrimoine est une qualité qui résulte d'un "plus d'attention" relatifs à de la nostalgie ou un sentiment de perte, de menace ou de disparition; des valeurs de pureté, matérielles et temporelles; et des actions de préservation et de transmission.
Finalement, le patrimoine est aussi autre chose que des maisons à Fès, comme un objet à préserver, un objet légal, un objet de recherche pour les universitaires, un label servant de justification ou d'accroche promotionnelle de la ville, un outil dans le cadre du développement durable, une définition assortie de critères. Ces multiples patrimoines sont autant de formes de la "fiction patrimoniale" qui circulent entre et s'ancrent en situation(s). Si chacune possède ses caractéristiques et critères d'évaluation, toutes partagent les caractéristiques de la fiction patrimoniale, à savoir un rapport spécifique au temps, l'importance des experts, des principes moraux et une idée de la culture comme entité particulière. Je me base sur la circulation et l'ancrage de la fiction et de ses formes pour penser le local et le global comme des qualités d'une chose et non comme des niveaux ou des échelles.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Fallah, Bessam. « Pour une patrimonialisation intégrée au développement urbain : élaboration des conditions de conciliations entre obligations de préservation et impératifs de développement à travers l'étude de cas d'Avignon ». Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024988.
Texte intégralMarcet, Sylvia. « La ville en scène : patrimonialisation, fêtes de rue et renouveau des centres historiques de Goiás et São Luis do Maranhão au Brésil (1980-2004) ». La Rochelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LAROF021.
Texte intégralThe process of patrimonialisation, in the twentieth century, is an object of study which integrates a very current debate. This process, at the origin of new spaces and of the redefining of the old urban areas, is also responsible for social and cultural alterations. Our sociocultural study suggests determining if there is an interdependence between the politics and their project of " patrimonial city " and the cultural practices. Does the patrimonial city could be compared with a marketing product? Would not it also be the ideal scene of the identical representations and the social and educational actions? We try to bring new answers in a debate where the patrimonial city is strongly questioned due to its reappropriation in consumerist purposes. We show that the ideal of sustainable development imagined by UNESCO is possible through the study of micro societies which work at the valorization of the heritage while putting a lot into social actions with the young public. The reading which we propose us of these patrimonial cities, Goiás and São Luis, do really correspond to a heritage common to all?
Dever, Thierry. « Mémoires et territoires à Regnéville-sur-Mer (Manche) : La vie et les conflits d'une société littorale entre autonomie et hétéronomie, d'aujourd'hui à la fin de l'Ancien Régime, face à son milieu naturel, à son environnement culturel, politique et à son avenir ». Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN1675.
Texte intégralThe notion of territory cannot be reduced to a strictly material fact, given its symbolic and identity significance. Territorial issues affect social practices drawn from the collective memory of Regnéville inhabitants that is structured by the many conflicts between them. The most bitter and protracted disputes originating from this coastal society stem from the extreme complexity of its territory which is both diversified, rich, complex and dynamic, but also a limited, restricted, coveted and fragile area. Four different levels of analysis allow special distinctions between them from the historical, sociological and anthropological points of view. The first one deals with the topic of “living together”, the value-based conflicts and lifestyles directly linked to Regnéville district and haven development plans. It highlights the mutual but conflicting expectations of the local residents, neo-rural dwellers and second-home owners. The second level refers to communal space and identity-based conflicts related to the merging of three parishes : Grimouville, Urville and Regnéville in 1795 when French departments were created. Special attention is paid to wetland management under communal ownership. The third level reveals the major economic importance of the District of Regnéville during the 19th Century, the conflicts of interest concerning the haven’s local and financial development and the ambiguous relationship between Capitalism and the French State. The last level relates to ecological space and current disputes about property, as regards contemporary industrial society expansion and intrusion, as well as the sanctuarization and re-appropriation of a territory
Debbich, Majdi. « Essays in Financial Literacy and Financial Behaviors ». Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0098.
Texte intégralIn the recent years, households have been facing a process of increasing financial responsibility given a globa trend of pension systems privatization, loan markets liberalization and credit expansion. Meanwhile the supply of financial products has become more complex. In this context, do people have the ability to process economic and financial information and take sound decisions in terms of financial planning, wealth accumulation, debt and pensions? What remedies can be considered so as to mitigate the adverse effects of poorly informed financial decisions? This thesis contributes to answering both questions through an empirical assessment of financial literacy in the French population and its relationship with financial behaviors but also through a study of the determinants of financial literacy over the life course and potential remedies to financial illiteracy. I report evidence that financial literacy levels in France appear to be in the international average with heterogeneous levels across population subgroups: men, educated, middle-age as well as wealthy respondents tend to perform better. I also show that financial literacy can have an influence on financial behaviors by fostering participation to the stock market and financial planning in the long-run. I question the role of financial advisor as potential alternatives to financial education and show that these cannot substitute
Habane, Anissa. « Fabrique patrimoniale, culturelle et touristique dans un espace en tension : le cas des villes palestiniennes ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10112/document.
Texte intégralThis doctoral research raises political and territorial issue of heritage value in a space of tension. Through the confrontation of experiences between three Palestinian cities (Nablus, Bethlehem and Ramallah), we showed how heritage process, cultural and tourism development are integrated into territorial resilience strategies. Palestinian skateholders of heritage, cultural and touristic making are trying to maintain and strengthen territorial cohesion, threatened by spatial fragmentation caused by the occupation and the Israeli settlements. The heritage process in the historic centers is a way to improve the living conditions of the inhabitants. It reveals the capacity of Palestinian stakeholders, financially and technically supported by international stakeholders, to resist the pressures of the occupation, and cope with its many uncertainties and disturbances. Its purpose is the recovery of the Palestinian territory by an inhabit resistance, in order to maintain inhabitants with low income within the historic centers and to attract new ones. Heritage development aims also to participate in the cultural and tourist development of these old neighborhoods and give to the Palestinians the possibility of a new path for social and economic development. However, despite efforts to improve urban environment, tourism and cultural offer, and Palestinian historical centers attractiveness, this did not participate to economical development significantly change of occupied Palestinian territories so far
Tonon, Leda <1988>. « Il turista protagonista della valorizzazione del patrimonio locale ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3731.
Texte intégralNeveu, Norig. « Les politiques des lieux saints et la topographie sacrée dans le sud de la Jordanie, XIXe - XXe siècle ». Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0085.
Texte intégralHoly sites in Jordan are central to the process of national construction, especially nowadays, as the country claims to be part of the Christian and Muslim Holy Lands. These places are commonly used for self-definition both by local communities and the country's rulers. Between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Jordan's holy sites were places of diversity, witnessing the shaping of identities. Focusing on a double process, in local societies, of territorialization and confession-building, the present study shows how these sites have ensured the continued existence of memorial and traditional practices linked to various social components in three cities of southern Jordan, namely Karak, Ma' ân and Wâdî Mûsâ. A long term approach allows one to grasp the changes incurred, over time, by local topographies, as well as their evolving meanings. At various levels, political religious strategies have focused on these places of power. As an administrator of a holy site, one was in a position to favor the blossoming of local notabilities, as well as to ensure political balance between various parts of the local societies. The gradual institutionalization of the Holy sites' administration led to social reconfigurations. Holy sites served many functions -as places of memory, as centers of power, as tourist attractions -, all of which are reviewed in this study with an aim to enlighten the interactions between local and official religious policies. Both the sites' pilgrims and their administrators are scrutinized here as representative of the movement whose behaviors can serve to analyse the identity dynamics at hand in Jordan
Billaud, Solène. « Partager avant l'héritage, financer l'hébergement en institution : enjeux économiques et mobilisations familiales autour de personnes âgées des classes populaires ». Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0064.
Texte intégralLocated at the intersection of a sociology of kinship ties, of a sociology of aging and of a sociology of lower classes, this dissertation aims to uncover the various economics questions emerging when an elderly person with modest revenues and patrimony enters a nursing home. Based on a set of family cases (reconstituted through interviews) combined with statistical and institutional data, the dissertation focuses on the mobilization of the kin at this very specific moment. In particular, it zooms in on the debates about the former housing of the elderly, just as on their personal belongings. The analysis shows that, following the institutionalization, these goods are first of all "placed on hold" a, long as possible in order to conceal the new situation. Ln the middle run the remaking of the former place leads to the creation of a quasi inheritance" adapting some of the inheritance laws. When insufficient to fund the stay in the institution the income of the elderly person can be supplemented by resorting to her patrimony as well as through negotiated financial contributions from the members of the family. The control over the rights the documentation and the money of the nursing home resident arc consequently granted to family managing caregivers” whose mandate is to both preserve the autonomous funding of the resident's new life, and limit the contribution of the family. Ta capture these questions, the dissertation pays a special attention to the various and interlocking effects of kin status, gender, and interfamilial social inequalities to demonstrate the specificity of the transition to institution for elderly people from the lower classes
SIMONI, PAOLO. « Archeologia dello sguardo. La scoperta e l’uso del patrimonio filmico amatoriale ». Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2507333.
Texte intégralMarangoni, Francesca <1990>. « MODERNITA’ E TRADIZIONE DI UN BRAND : IL PATRIMONIO COMUNICATIVO DE L’INGLESINA BABY SPA ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/5233.
Texte intégralThibal, Suzanne. « Développement local et Culture Occitane ». Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00699758.
Texte intégralMachado, Coêlho Christiane. « Changements dans les coulisses de Brasilia : les ambiguïtés du processus de maintien de Vila Planalto (1956-2006) ». Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0009.
Texte intégralBrasilia is perhaps the most emblematical of contemporary planned cities. We will approach its formation process from the point of view of one of its units, Vila Planalto, wich provides a unique perspective insofar as it is an unpredicted urban nucleus inside Brasilia Pilot Plan. Vila Planalto was a worker's camp prior to Brasilia's inauguration, and afterwards a clandestine settlement for more than 30 years until its final recognition as national heritage, witness to the birth of the new Brazilian capital. The concept of "social supports" (Robert Castel, 1995) will come into play as crucial means to Vila Planalto's survival. How did a dejected space manage to become a site for shared memory ? We will follow Vila Planalto's trajectory from its foundation and trough its formation, consolidation, dynamics and prospects
Sileci, Federica <1993>. « La valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale italiano attraverso il principio di sussidiarietà. Il caso del FAI ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17235.
Texte intégralDa, Dalt Katia <1995>. « "Oltre il Prosecco c'è di più" - Analisi di tutela e valorizzazione di un territorio Patrimonio dell'Umanità ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17732.
Texte intégralLizotte, Mathieu. « S'enrichir selon ses moyens : les effets de l'endettement sur les inégalités de patrimoine au Canada de 1999 à 2012 ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28154.
Texte intégralThe present study is on the effects of household debt on wealth inequality in Canada from 1999 to 2012. It aims to contribute to the debate that is currently taking place between two camps, those who view rising household debt as the deterioration of household finances, and those who argue that the level of household debt remains serviceable. Recognizing household debt as a phenomenon situated at the intersection of the labour market and the financial market, we sought to determine its effects on household wealth at two levels of analysis: i) the wealth distribution; and ii) socioeconomic classes. This was accomplished notably by a detailed analysis of the two principal components of wealth (assets and debts), which were decomposed according to an original classification of financial categories. The study of household finances from a stratification perspective allows us to explain precisely what the principal explanation of household debt, the lifecycle hypothesis, cannot: the reasons why the rise in household debt between 1999 and 2012 was so spectacular. The study of household debt through the prism of social inequality allows us to highlight a fact that is rarely acknowledged: wealth inequality reflects important differences in borrowing capacities. The results show that the rise in household debt observed between 1999 and 2012, as remarkable as it was, did not lead to the deterioration of household finances, but it did lead to an increase in wealth inequality between socioeconomic classes. These results invite us to view credit as a facet of modern household savings, a leading factor of inequality and a form of social exclusion.