Thèses sur le sujet « Sociologia dei sensi »

The present study explores creativity from the vantage point of Sociology. Often considered something which takes place deep within the psyche of the creative individual, and thus outside the purview of sociological theory, creavity as presented in this dissertation is intimately connected to three domains long considered essential to sociological analysis: space, materiality, and the body. Based on participant observation in the Veneto-based Zamperla amusement park manufacturing company, and the Florence-based Meyer children’s hospital, this study offers a three-part argument. The first chapter explores the spatiality of creativity, analyzing the essential yet easily overlooked fact that all creative processes take place in particular spaces. Drawing upon “labelling theory,” we explore the symbolic power of declaring a space “creative.” In Meyer, the “creativity” of the hospital space is carefully embedded within the architectural layout and interior design of the building. It acts as a monument to its own creativity, whose symbolic power is keenly felt within the daily operations of the hospital. By contrast, the offices of Zamperla are understood as “creative” because of their somewhat chaotic, improvised, “just-in-time” organizational rhythm, which members of the firm see as outward manifestations of their President, Alberto Zamperla. The second chapter explores the generative tension between the immateriality and the materiality of creativity. While the aim of both Meyer and Zamperla is to produce sensations that are immaterial and light – excitement, joy, laughter, thrills – each must work with components that are material and heavy in a physical and sometimes emotional sense – metal blocks, catheters, drips, medical instruments, and so forth. To translate the immateriality of inspiration into an equally immaterial sensation of levity for customers and patients, each must travel through the heavy realm of equipment, moving from air to metal to air. This “productive oxymoron” of creativity also applies to the metaphorical metal of bureaucracy and standardization of procedures, embodied in Zamperla by the leadership of the general Director, sets against the charismatic dimension of the leadership of the President. The last chapter explores creativity and the corporeal dimension. Just as the creative processes in this study are transmitted by way of materiality, so too do they take shape by way of bodies and their practices, capacities and limitations. In Zamperla are described by the passengers of the rides, whose bodies the designers and engineers must constantly take into account, insofar as the high speeds, steep motions, acceleration and the twists of their creations, if taken too far, can cause harm or even death. At Meyer, we consider the body of the performing artists and educational professionals. As part of their intervention and energetic transformation through a relationship of play with ill children, they must maintain and protect their own emotional bodies, insofar as the heavy and intense suffering of the environment can easily erode one’s balance. Through the description and analysis of these two case studies and of these three areas, this thesis offers a new understanding of the creative process, and at the same time demonstrates that the study of creativity is well within the competence of sociological theory and practice.
Il presente studio esplora la creatività dal punto di vista sociologico. Spesso considerato qualcosa che avviene nel profondo della psiche di una persona, e quindi al di fuori della sfera della teoria e della pratica sociologica, la dinamica creativa presentata in questa ricerca è intimamente collegata a tre campi fondanti dell’analisi sociologica: lo spazio, la materialità, e il corpo. Basata sull’osservazione partecipante dell’azienda manifatturiera vicentina di macchine di divertimento Zamperla, e dell’Ospedale Pediatrico Meyer di Firenze, questo studio offre un’argomentazione che si snoda in tre tematiche. Nel primo capitolo, esplora la spazialità della creatività, analizzando il fatto essenziale e facilmente trascurato che tutti i processi creativi si svolgono in spazi dedicati. Attingendo alla “teoria dell’etichettamento”, si esplora il potere simbolico di dichiarare uno spazio “creativo”. Al Meyer, la creatività dello spazio ospedaliero è accuratamente rappresentata dall’allestimento architettonico e insita nel design di interni della costruzione. Esso agisce come un monumento alla sua creatività, il cui potere simbolico è profondamente sentito dall’operatività quotidiana dell’ospedale. Gli uffici della Zamperla, invece, si intendono “creativi” per il loro ritmo organizzativo apparentemente caotico e improvvisato, che i membri organizzativi considerano una manifestazione esteriore del loro Presidente, Alberto Zamperla. Il secondo capitolo esplora la tensione generativa tra l’aspetto immateriale e quello materiale della creatività. Mentre l’intento sia al Meyer che in Zamperla è quello di produrre sensazioni che sono di levità – eccitazione, gioia, risate, emozioni – entrambi devono lavorare con componenti che sono materiali e pesanti in senso fisico e talvolta emotivo – blocchi di metallo, cateteri, flebo, strumenti medici. Per tradurre l’immaterialità dell’ispirazione creativa in un’altrettanto immateriale sensazione di leggerezza per i clienti e i piccoli pazienti, ciascuno deve viaggiare attraverso il regno di forme pesanti, passando dall’aria al metallo all’aria. Quest’“ossimoro produttivo” vale anche per il metallo metaforico della burocrazia e della standardizzazione procedurale, impersonato in Zamperla dalla leadership operativa del Direttore generale, contrapposto alla dimensione carismatica della leadership del Presidente. L’ultimo capitolo esplora la creatività e la dimensione corporea. Proprio come i processi creativi in questo studio sono trasmessi dalla materialità, così sono messi in forma dai corpi e dalle loro pratiche, dalle loro capacità e dai loro limiti. In Zamperla, sono descritti dai passeggeri delle giostre, dei cui corpi progettisti e ingegneri devono costantemente tener conto, perché l’alta velocità, il movimento ripido, l’accelerazione e gli avvitamenti delle loro creazioni, se si spingono oltre, possono provocare danni o addirittura la morte. Al Meyer, si prende in considerazione il corpo degli artisti dello spettacolo e delle professionalità educative. Nel loro intervento di trasformazione energetica attraverso una relazione di gioco con i bambini degenti e malati, devono mantenere e proteggere il loro corpo emozionale, perchè la grevità intensa e di sofferenza dell’ambiente ospedaliero ne logora gli equilibri. Attraverso la descrizione e l’analisi di questi due casi-studio e di questi tre ambiti, questa tesi offre una nuova comprensione del processo creativo, e dimostra allo tempo stesso che lo studio della creatività è ben di competenza della teoria e della pratica sociologica.

This research situates within the framework of the paradigm of New Childhood Studies which acknowledge agency to children, thus becoming social actors that can also build their own cultures and influence adults' ones. Under this perspective children are seen as talented and skilled negotiators in relationships both with peers and adults, having voice to shape and modify the space they live in. The aim of the research is to study the formation of children's cultures in the processes of reproduction, internalization and interpretation of religious practices, with a special attention to reveal the form and content of agency. The research question was organized around three topics. The fist one aims to understand how children structure peer cultures within the context of religious practice. The second focuses on forms and contents of the negotiations that children engage with adults as regards of participation in the catechism and content of activities and finally of attendance at Sunday Masses. Furthermore, it investigates on what are children's request, how they express their needs, to whom children present them and what kind of relationships do children have with adults. Finally, the third focus is centered on interpretative reproduction and in particular on meanings and senses that children attribute to the catechism they attend. Therefore this research has focused in particular children's experiences during the final year of their preparation course of first communion, observing both the whole year of catechism and the ceremony in which they receive their first eucharist. The three focuses are bound to each other by trying to identify how gender and social class of children affect the different representations emerging. Research design was meant to combine together different methods, outlining various stages that allow us to switch from moments of research and analysis to space of reflection, useful to edit and re-calibrate ongoing approach in the field. The multi-method approach made possible to combine qualitative approaches such as ethnographic observation and focus groups, and quantitative approach as the sample survey. As for participant observation, it was decided to focus on children's experiences attending courses in preparation for their first communion in two different Catholic parishes of the city of Mestre (Venice). These two have been identified on the basis of a religiosity criterion along a continuum that ranges from a maximum of religious homogeneity to a maximum of religious non-homogeneity. Concerning the first case, it was involved a parish located in high quarters with a majority of Catholics, mostly Italians, for the second one it was identified a parish in a neighborhood where there are also other religions and nationalities. We conducted in both cases a twenty hour observation, for a total amount of forty hours. We also held four meetings in which children were asked to participate in focus groups. These were structured and presented to children as laboratories in which they would discuss together what they do at catechism. Moreover they had the opportunity to contribute along with the researcher to review the sample survey. Finally, we made a sample survey using a questionnaire that would allow us to describe with a large sample children's perceptions, thoughts and opinions on the catechism, their first communion, confession and in general on the religious practice world to which, more or less voluntarily belong. The survey was carried out in ten parishes of Mestre and Marghera and six parishes in Bassano del Grappa and its surroundings, for a total of sixteen parishes and 430 questionnaires collected. Thus, research has shown two results. The first concerns the ways in which children express their agency in catechism shaping their relationships with their catechists and allowing children a certain freedom of action. In this way the structure of the catechism depends on children's agency, and in particular on their ability to change it through sabotage and negotiation mechanisms that determine variations in the structure of activity. Finally, the second result concerns the process of individualization of belief which is evident already in children who are preparing for their first communion. In particular, it becomes evident in several episodes in which children have reinterpreted the traditions of Christian rituals, in the way of considering the sacraments, in the way they pray, their commitment to Christian values and beliefs and lastly questioning and doubting some mysteries of the Gospel they heard Therefore, while children up to now found only a marginal role on sociology of religion and they were seen especially through adults referring children experiences, this research aim to add a space for children and childhood on the reflection in studies of religious practices.
La prospettiva teorica entro cui si inserisce il lavoro di ricerca è quello dei New Childhood Studies che considera i bambini come portatori di agency, costruttori delle proprie culture, abili negoziatori sia negli intrecci di relazioni con i propri pari, sia con gli adulti. Nello specifico, la ricerca intende studiare la formazione delle culture dei bambini e delle bambine nel processo di riproduzione, interiorizzazione e interpretazione delle pratiche religiose, con un’attenzione allo svelare le forme e i contenuti dell’agency. La domanda di ricerca è stata organizzata attorno a tre nuclei tematici. Un primo nucleo tematico vuole comprendere in che modo si strutturino le culture dei pari all'interno di un contesto di pratica religiosa. Il secondo riguarda le forme e i contenuti delle negoziazioni che i bambini ingaggiano con gli adulti rispetto alla partecipazione al catechismo e ai contenuti delle attività e la presenza alle messe domenicali. Inoltre si indaga su quali sono le richieste che provengono dai bambini e come organizzano queste loro istanze, quali sono i rapporti con gli adulti e chi sono gli adulti a cui i bambini si rivolgono per presentarle. Infine il terzo nucleo riguarda la riproduzione interpretativa e in particolare quali siano i significati e il senso che i bambini attribuiscono al percorso di catechismo che hanno intrapreso. L'attenzione di questa ricerca, si è focalizzata in particolare sulle esperienze che i bambini fanno durante il loro ultimo anno di percorso di preparazione alla prima comunione, osservando sia l’intero anno di catechismo frequentato dai bambini che lo svolgimento della cerimonia in cui ricevono la loro prima eucaristia. I tre nuclei sono legati tra di loro dal tentativo di individuare quale ruolo giocano il genere e la classe sociale di appartenenza dei bambini nelle diverse rappresentazioni che emergono. Nel percorso di ricerca si è voluto combinare tra di loro diversi metodi, delineando diverse fasi che procedono per passi successivi, consentendo di alternare ai momenti di ricerca altrettanti spazi di analisi e riflessività utili a modificare e ri-calibrare in itinere l’approccio sul campo. L'approccio multi-metodo ha consentito di integrare approcci qualitativi come osservazione etnografica e focus group, con approcci quantitativi come l'indagine campionaria. Per quanto riguarda l'osservazione partecipante, si è scelto di concentrarsi sulle esperienze dei bambini delle classi che stanno frequentando i corsi di preparazione alla prima comunione in due parrocchie cattoliche del comune di Venezia. Queste sono state individuate in base a un criterio di religiosità rispetto a un continuum che va da un massimo di omogeneità religiosa a un massimo di disomogeneità religiosa: nel primo caso si tratta una parrocchia inserita in quartieri a alta maggioranza di cattolici, prevalentemente di nazionalità italiana, il secondo caso invece riguarda una parrocchia di un quartiere in cui sono presenti anche altre confessioni religiose e diverse nazionalità. In entrambe le parrocchie le ore di osservazione sono state venti, per un totale di quaranta. Sono stati inoltre organizzati 4 incontri in cui ai bambini e alle bambine è stato chiesto di partecipare a dei focus group. Questi sono stati strutturati e proposti ai bambini come laboratori in cui si sarebbe discusso assieme di che cosa fanno a catechismo e in cui avrebbero avuto la possibilità di contribuire a revisionare assieme al ricercatore la parte di indagine campionaria. Infine, si è realizzata un'indagine campionaria che ha previsto l'utilizzo di un questionario standardizzato che permettesse di raccontare in un ampio campione di bambini le percezioni, i pensieri e le opinioni dei bambini in merito al catechismo, alla loro Prima Comunione, alla Confessione e in generale al mondo della pratica religiosa di cui, più o meno volontariamente, fanno parte. L’indagine si è realizzata in dieci parrocchie di Mestre e Marghera e sei parrocchie di Bassano del Grappa e dintorni, per un totale di sedici parrocchie e 430 questionari raccolti. La ricerca ha evidenziato pertanto due risultati di ricerca. Il primo riguarda i modi in cui i bambini manifestano la loro agency a catechismo nelle relazioni con le loro catechiste e che consentono ai bambini una certa libertà di azione. In questo modo la struttura del catechismo dipende in modo diretto ed evidente dall'agency dei bambini, e in particolare dalla loro capacità di attuare meccanismi di sabotaggio e negoziazione che determinano modifiche nella struttura delle attività. Il secondo infine riguarda il processo di individualizzazione del credere che si evidenzia già nei bambini che si stanno preparando alla prima comunione. In particolare emerge molto bene negli episodi in cui i bambini hanno reinterpretato le tradizioni dei rituali cristiani, il modo di considerare i sacramenti, le forme di preghiera, l'adesione ai valori del cristianesimo o la messa in discussione di alcuni misteri evangelici di cui hanno sentito parlare Si intende pertanto contribuire ad aggiungere uno spazio di riflessione negli studi delle pratiche religiose che consenta di includere i bambini e le bambine fino ad oggi presenti solo con un ruolo marginale, visti di riflesso attraverso le esperienze degli adulti di riferimento.

La ricerca studia in che modo avvenga la co-costruzione della risposta di giustizia ai minori che commettono reato all'interno delle comunità in cui si verificano i fatti penalmente rilevanti. L'osservazione (con lo sguardo del servizio sociale) parte da un concetto di giustizia che, oltre a contenere, può creare opportunità per riparare le conseguenze dei reati commessi da una persona in crescita, rafforzando la responsabilità collettiva piuttosto che punire e comprimere la Agency del soggetto. Gli obiettivi della ricerca: • approfondire la conoscenza di ciò che rende “buona” un'esperienza di giustizia comunitaria promossa dal servizio sociale, dal punto di vista dei professionisti, della magistratura coinvolta, dei minori autori di reato, delle loro famiglie, dei collaboratori locali • esplorare i modi in cui l'assistente sociale agisce nella direzione del successo, accompagnando il minorenne autore di reato e la sua famiglia e facilitando il coping con i membri della rete. I dati sono stati raccolti utilizzando 9 focus group creati raggruppando i partecipanti in modo omogeneo sulla base del loro ruolo e della loro esperienza (compresi autori di reato minorile, assistenti sociali, magistrati, avvocati...), per co-costruire un quadro che descriva gli aspetti positivi per ciascuno delle prospettive dei protagonisti di questo percorso. In una seconda fase, i dati raccolti vengono analizzati in un focus group di secondo livello a composizione mista, comprendente un rappresentante di ciascun ruolo con cui sono stati condotti i focus group precedenti, affrontando l'analisi dei primi dati in modo partecipativo. I risultati mostrano che la risposta della comunità alla commissione di un crimine commesso da un minorenne non è una buona strategia "a priori", perché la comunità può avere paura e sentirsi insicura di fronte agli atti trasgressivi. Se coinvolti, però, la comunità e le persone sanno collaborare attivamente alla coproduzione di attività di riparazione comunitaria con i giovani che hanno commesso un reato. Questo lavoro è un tentativo di ricostruire un processo di risposta dal servizio sociale all'interno del sistema di giustizia penale minorile che può favorire, con successo, il cambiamento individuale e promuovere la fiducia della comunità in modo relazionale.
The research studies how the co-construction of the judicial response to juvenile offenders takes place within the communities where the criminally relevant facts occur. The point of view (from the point of view of social work) is a concept of justice that, in addition to containing, can create opportunities to redress the consequences of crimes committed by a growing person, strengthening collective responsibility rather than punishing and compressing the agency of the subject. The objectives of the research: • deepen the knowledge of what makes a community justice experience promoted by the social service "good", from the point of view of professionals, the judiciary involved, juvenile offenders, their families, local collaborators • explore the ways in which the social worker acts in the direction of success, accompanying the child and his family and facilitating coping. Data were collected using 9 focus groups created by grouping the participants homogeneously basis of their role and their experience (including juvenile offenders, social workers, magistrates, lawyers ...), to co-construct a framework that describe the positive aspects for each of the perspectives of the protagonists of this path. In a second phase, the collected data are analyzed in a second level focus group with mixed composition, including a representative of each role with which the previous focus groups were conducted, addressing the analysis of the first data in a participatory way. Results show that the community response to the commission of a crime is not a good "a priori" strategy, because the community can be afraid and feel insecure in the face of deviant acts. If involved, however, the community and the people know how to actively collaborate in the co-production of community reparation activities with young people who have committed a crime. This work is an attempt to reconstruct a social services response process within the juvenile criminal justice system that can successfully foster individual change and promote community trust in a relational way.

The PhD thesis regards the study of the factors that can make vertical social media Web applications that are capable of supporting the communication, the collaboration and generally speaking the practices that constitute communities of place that are circumscribed in the urban context, such as zone associations, inhabitants of single neighborhoods and residents of the same condos. In order to study these factors we adopted a purposely multi-disciplinary approach that leveraged contributions from different but complementary disciplines like the sociology of communities and urban sociology, psychology of groups and communities, and the design sciences, especially those that are applied to the analysis, development and experimentation of interactive systems, that are usable as Web applications. This approach has led to the adoption of various techniques of qualitative research: the psychometric questionnaire, the semi-structured interview, the focus group and the action research. The research has been undertaken in collaboration and in parallel with the activities of a research team within the computer science department of the University of Milano-Bicocca. This has allowed for the mutual influence between our research and the development activities and for our concrete contribution to the incremental development of a number of modules that over time have been collected in the technological project dubbed "condiviviamo" on the Drupal content management platform. Our research has given the high level principles and some interaction requirements for the development of those modules and has also provided a feedback o the easiness of adoption of computational tools supporting community life also by lay people. In regard to the high level principles it resulted clear that the dominant model of messaging and user-driven content production, which is typical of social platforms of large diffusion and worldwide success should be flanked by more convivial tools, that is tools aimed at enabling, supporting and facilitating the establishment and management of activities to be carried out outside the virtual world and therefore in the reference territory of the community of place. This means to design systems with a particular care for the collaborative and cooperative element that could be capable to help citizens to reach common goals such as: to improve security and urban cleanliness, resolve small conflicts between neighbors, to help each other and exchange useful tools, save money with ethical and collective purchasing groups. This element has been identified as the main one that allow the people involved as members of a community of place to get a better mutual knowledge and acquaintance and therefore understand how to complement their skills, competencies and interests, so to improve the common life and place, without having to depend on the help of the authorities and of the formal public institutions. This awareness and the process of reciprocal acquaintance have been found to be the most important factors for the success and the continuous growth and evolution of local communities and elements that can improve and develop themselves further with the informed, aware and well-directed use of the new media and ICT, even outside the systems that are ingrained in the market economy and the capitalistic model of interpersonal relations and that, as such, can weaken conviviality of new social groups confronting the challenges of the increasing migration, the population aging, the disruption of the traditional family and the pervasiveness of technologies of the continuous monitoring and surreptitious control.

Les recherches presentees visent a relier la question du sens des actions et passions humaines a celle de la legitimite de l'ordre politique, comptant que ce qui est ressenti comme bon ou mauvais par les personnes (et qui fait le sens au present) entretient des rapports determines avec ce qui est bon ou mauvais pour la cite (qui fait la legitimite). Elles debouchent sur une phenomenologie du lien civil, c'est-adire l'etude des structures conceptuelles, connaissables a priori et en partie necessaires, qui rendent les existences humaines mutuellement intelligibles et determinent la signification de leurs histoires singulieres. Cette phenomenologie explicite les principes, les normes, les formes, les consequences, les limites et la moralite de l'intelligence mutuelle entre les etre humains, en vue d'etudier la facon dont le sens intime d'une experience singuliere se rapporte a un sens commun et se soumet a son epreuve. La demarche est presentee dans le memoire de synthese sous forme des trois etats successifs par lesquels elle est passee. Chacun de ces etats cherche a degager les problemes du sens et de la legitimite des paradoxes de la theorie culturelle de l'homme, qui est encore aujourd'hui le paradigme central des sciences sociales. Un premier etat met en place les bases de la recherche et prend ses distances par rapport a la version structuraliste de cette theorie. Le second etat discute plus directement les fondements logiques de ces paradoxes, qu'on trouve notamment dans les theories metasociologiques. Le troisieme etat expose les hypotheses de la
The studies assembled in this thesis raise the question of the relationship between the legitimacy of a political order and the meaning of human actions and passions; they attempt to show that the individual sense of good and evil is closely tied to that of civic good and evil. The method of investigation is a phenomenology of the civil bond, that is the analysis of the conceptual structures of mutual understanding this phenomenology specifies the principles, norms, forms, consequences, limits and morality of mutual understanding, in order to investigate the links between the meaning of a private experience and the constraints of common sense. The introductory report presents three successive stages of this research each stage scrutinizes the questions of meaning and legitimacy in relation to the poradoxes of a cultural theory of man. Tho first part of the report accounts for the original research grounds and criticizes the structuralist version of the cultural theory of man. The second part discusses the logical grounds of these paradoxes, namely in metasociological theories. The third part expounds the hypotheses raised by a phenomenology of the civil bond, and, in particular, it argues that a norm of mutual understanding constrains social relations and compels social agents to expect truth and good from one another

Questa tesi affronta il tema dei processi di categorizzazione sociale durante l’infanzia. Suddetto tema ha suscitato ampio interesse in numerose discipline quali la pedagogia, l’antropologia, la psicologia. Per quanto riguarda la disciplina sociologica, nonostante il tema rappresenti dal punto di vista epistemologico un tema centrale per la disciplina, il campo empirico relativo all’infanzia rimane, soprattutto in Italia, ancora poco sondato. È stato quindi realizzato durante l'anno scolastico 2018-2019 uno studio empirico sperimentale nelle città di Firenze e di Prato. Il campione è costituito da 96 famiglie provenienti da tre istituti scolastici suddivisi in base al livello socio-economico: alto, medio e medio-basso (l’indicatore ESCS - Economic, Social and Cultural Status - è stato fornito dal Ministero dell’istruzione italiano). La metodologia utilizzata corrisponde ai mixed-methods: gli strumenti di intervista e di analisi non standard sono stati intersecati con strumenti di intervista e di analisi standard. Novantasei minori, di età pari a sette anni ed i loro genitori sono stati intervistati tramite intervista con foto-stimolo. É stato anche utilizzato un questionario al fine di ricostruire il profilo socio-demografico e socioeconomico delle famiglie. I foto-stimoli ritraggono individui realmente esistenti e sono stati selezionati sulla base dei seguenti criteri: genere, età, appartenenza socio-professionale, appartenenza etnica ed etno-religiosa (tenendo conto delle principali minoranze etniche, etno-religiose e dei principali gruppi socio-professionali presenti in Italia nel 2019). I risultati raggiunti ruotano attorno alle seguenti macro-tematiche: il ruolo del linguaggio di senso comune nell’uniformare le risposte dei soggetti intervistati; il ruolo giocato dalla cultura materiale nella fase di “giustificazione” delle modalità di impiego delle categorie sociali. Ed infine, il tema della “riproduzione sociale” dell’habitus materno (quindi la coincidenza – elevata - nell'utilizzo delle stesse categorie sociali da parte delle madri e dei rispettivi figli).
This thesis deals with the processes of social categorization during childhood. This topic has aroused wide interest in many disciplines such as pedagogy, anthropology, psychology. As for sociology, although the topic represents a central theme for the discipline from an epistemological point of view, there is still a lack of empirical research on childhood, especially in Italy. Therefore, an empirical, experimental study has been carried out during the academic year 2018-2019 in the cities of Florence and Prato. The sample includes about 96 families from three schools. The schools are divided into three socio-economic levels: upper, middle and lower-middle, according to the ESCS (Economic, Social and Cultural Status indicator has been provided by the Italian Ministry of Education). The study employs a mixed methods approach. Children, aged seven, as well as their parents have been interviewed using photo-elicitation interview. A survey has been also used to question children’s families in order to reconstruct their socio-demographic and socio-economic profile. The images show real people that differ in gender, age, ethnicity, religious background, as well as in socio-economic and socio-professional characteristics (taking into account the main ethnic, ethno-religious minorities and the main socio-professional groups present in Italy in 2019). The results achieved revolve around the following macro-themes: the role played by the common sense language in standardizing the respondents's answers; the role played by the material culture when the respondents try to justify «how they use social categories". And finally, the theme of "social reproduction" of the maternal habitus (therefore the coincidence - high - in the use of the same social categories of mothers and their children).

Le point de départ de cette thèse tient en un constat : les élèves du secondaire semblent avoir généralement des représentations des mathématiques qui pouvant nuire a cet apprentissage. Une étude plus approfondie montre qu'il s'agit d'un réel phénomène social : la relation envers les mathématiques semblent profondément ambivalente. C'est la raison pour laquelle nous avons aborde une approche des représentations sociales des mathématiques, que nous avons élargie aux représentations des sciences et de la technologie. La notion de représentation sociale nous a conduit a une réflexion sur l'objet de la représentation : notre travail rend donc compte des différents discours epistemologiques. Le constant selon lequel un seul de ces discours semble diffuse en dehors du cercle des différents protagosnistes, nous a alors conduit a poser une hypothèse bourdieusienne qui tient en une logique de reproduction de la position dominante de la représentation réaliste. Le propos des scientifiques largement diffuse par l'enseignement et la vulgarisation scientifiques, tend a consolider leur position dominante, ainsi que leur vision du monde. Une approche historique, fondée sur la reforme "des mathématiques modernes" montre que les difficultés de cette reforme émanent moins des raisons contingentes généralement invoquées (médiocrité des manuels scolaires, insuffisance de la formation. . . ) Que de la volonté des réformateurs de changer la représentation sociale que la société a des mathématiques. Ce point confirme l'intérêt de recherches plus précises que ce travail se propose de commencer
The starting point of this dissertation consists of a simple observation : the difficulties secondary school pupils meet in their apprenticeship of mathematics, come generally from their mathematics representations. A more exhaustive study shows that this is a real social phenomenon : the relation to mathematics seems deeply ambivalent. Therefor we have treated an approach to the social representation of mathematics, that we have widened to representation of science and technology. The notion of social representation imposes a reflection on the object of the representation itself : our work gives an account of the various "epitemological" discourses. The fact that only one of these discourses seems to have been circulated outside the circle of the different protagonists, has led us to formulate a hypothesis related to the theory of bourdieu, which consists of a logic of reproduction of the predominant position of the realistic representation. These scientists'words widely distributed by the educational and the scientific vulgarisation tend to consolidate their predominant position and their vision of the world. A historical approach, based on the reform of "the modern mathematics" shows that the difficulties in the making use of this reform come less from the generally invoked reasons (mediocrity of school books, insufficiency in teachers training,. . . ) Than from the will of the reformers to change the social representation, which society has on mathematics. This point confirms the interest of more precise researchs, that this dissertation intends to begin

Ce travail de recherche a pour objet de s’interroger sur la contribution de la théorie de sensemaking à l’étude de la Responsabilité Sociétale des Entreprises (RSE). A cet effet, nous nous proposons de rendre compte du sens que les acteurs attribuent aux actions socialement responsables. Ce faisant, nous cherchons à mettre en évidence la variété de processus de sensemaking pouvant aboutir à une variété de représentations de la RSE. Notre étude qualitative consiste à explorer en profondeur le processus de sensemaking de la RSE. Nous avons eu recours à un procédé de croisement de perspectives méthodologiques : une analyse lexicale, une analyse thématique de contenu et enfin une analyse par les cartes cognitives. Les résultats font apparaître quatre classes de discours portant sur la RSE : la responsabilité vis-à-vis des parties prenantes (PP) et la cartographie des PP ; le comportement moral et éthique ; le développement durable, la certification et le reporting ; le cadrage et le déploiement de la démarche. Ces derniers montrent la nécessité de considérer cinq dimensions du processus de sensemaking de la RSE : les facteurs déclencheurs, le processus d’énaction, le processus de sélection, le processus de communication et le processus d’adaptation. Il ressort aussi de cette étude cinq types de perceptions de ce processus de sensemaking de la RSE : la perception englobante des responsables, la perception des responsables des entreprises et organisations tunisiennes publiques, la perception des responsables des entreprises et organisations tunisiennes appartenant au programme de promotion de l’ISO 26000, la perception des responsables des firmes multinationales privées et la perception du responsable du programme de promotion des principes du Pacte Mondial
The aim of this research is to identify the contribution of sensemaking theory to the study of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Therefore, we propose to bring out the meaning that actors attribute to socially responsible actions. For that matter, we seek to highlight the variety of sensemaking process that can lead to a variety of CSR representations. Our qualitative study consists in exploring in depth the sensemaking process of CSR. We have used crossing methodological perspectives: a lexical analysis, a thematic content analysis and finally a cognitive maps analysis. The results suggest four classes of discourse on CSR: responsibility to stakeholders (SK) and stakeholder mapping; moral and ethical behavior; sustainable development, certification and reporting; framing and implementing the approach. These results show the need to consider five dimensions of the sensemaking process of CSR: triggers, enactment process, selection process, communication process and adaptation process. From this study appear also five perceptions’ types of the sensemaking process of CSR: the global managers’ perception, the perception of public enterprises and organizations managers, the perception of Tunisian enterprises and organizations belonging to the ISO 26000 promotion program managers, the perception of private multinationals managers, and the perception of the manager of the Global Compact principles program

Alors que la politique de prévention et de « réduction des risques » (sida, hépatite C) invite toujours davantage les « toxicomanes » à se responsabiliser et que les produits de substitution sont massivement délivrés par la médecine générale et psychiatrique, les pratiques associées à des prises de risques pour la santé perdurent parmi les usagers de drogues les plus précaires. À travers la notion d'expérience totale comme modèle d'intelligibilité et une méthodologie inductive sur plusieurs terrains en région parisienne et toulousaine (maisons d'arrêt, hôpitaux, associations, squats précaires, rues), cette thèse s'intéresse aux usages et aux usagers de drogues pris dans un mouvement de circulation entre errance urbaine et expérience carcérale. Quelles formes d'ajustement sont mises en œuvre à chacun des pôles du mouvement circulatoire et quelles incidences ont-elles sur le rapport au corps et à la santé ? Face au renforcement du traitement pénal et médical des problèmes sociaux, se dessine une hétérogénéité des logiques d'usages de produits toxiques, des trajectoires de vie, des adaptations et des mises en récits des expériences. L'analyse de diverses formes d'expérience totale révèle des modes de résistance ou d'autopréservation des usagers de drogues au regard des dispositifs qui leur sont proposés voire imposés et soulève la question du sens des limites à disposer de soi
Preventive public health policies and harm reduction policies (AIDS, hepatitis C) have been focusing increasingly on rendering drug “addicts” more responsible, while substitution treatments have been made more readily available ; they are indeed, distributed massively by general, as well as psychiatric, health agencies and practitioners. Nevertheless, high risk practices remain common among the most precarious of drug users. Through the notion of total experience, a framework that permits intelligibility, and through inductive methodology applied to extensive and varied fieldwork in the Parisian and Toulouse areas (prisons, hospitals, non-profit organizations, unorganized squats, streets), the present dissertation focuses on drug uses and drug users who are caught in a circulatory movement between urban vagrancy and carceral experience. What kind of adjustments occur at each end of the movement and how do these adjustments impact the relationship to one's own body and health ? Facing a society that deals with social issues in an increasingly penal and medicalized way, a heterogeneity of practices emerges : heterogeneity of the logics behind drug use, of life trajectories, of adaptation techniques and of the narrativization of these experiences. The analysis of various forms of total experience reveals some of the modes of resistance and self-preservation users develop in order to respond to the apparatuses proposed -and even imposed- to them, at the same time as it raises the question of what it means to limit one's control over one's self and body

L'objet de cette thèse est d'interroger les différents cadres sociaux qui enserrent l'expérience étudiante en sections de technicien supérieur (STS). Ces formations constituent les voies d'accès privilégiés voire exclusives à la poursuite d'études pour une large fraction des bacheliers technologiques et professionnels, contribuant ainsi fortement à l'élévation de la demande d'éducation en milieu populaire. Le suivi d'une cohorte d'étudiants depuis leur entrée en STS jusqu'à leur sortie permet de mettre en évidence les effets de l'institution sur leurs aspirations scolaires et professionnelles. Il apparaît alors que le passage en STS participe d'une augmentation des ambitions scolaires chez des publics initialement peu enclins aux études longues, par le caractère fortement intégrateur des classes et par l'élévation des étudiants au rang de petite élite locale, notamment dans certains établissements ruraux. En ce sens, ces formations assument pleinement un rôle de promotion sociale. Cependant, la spécificité des curricula et la diversité interne des configurations pédagogiques qui caractérisent les STS contraignent dans le même temps les étudiants à une certaine modestie dans leurs exigences professionnelles. En outre la situation des STS à la marge du supérieur et leur position hors du LMD fragilisent les passerelles vers les cycles long. Au final, ces formations ne parviennent pas à assurer complètement les vocations scolaires qu'elles suscitent pourtant
The aim of this thesis is to analize the different social frameworks which are the background of the studying experience in french higher technical sections (Sections de Technicien Supérieur - STS). These vocationnal trainings are the preferred or even the exclusive pathways to the higher education levels, chosen by many vocational and technical "baccalauréat" graduates, thus contributing to the growth of a demand for education in low-income families. The monitoring of a group of students from their entry in STS until their graduation highlight the effects of the institution on school and job ambitions. It appears that the high integration potentential of these training courses and eventually the consecration of the students as a local elite in rural secondary schools allow increasing aspirations of weaker students. Thus, STS play a role of social promotion. However, curricula specificities and internal diversities of pedagogical configurations lead students to moderate their professionnal expectations. Furthermore, the isolation of STS in the french higher education system, a consequence of the LMD reform, has reduced the possibilities for the students to move towards long cycles. Consequently, these training courses are not able to completely guarantee the academic vocations they gave rise to

La présente thèse étudie l'interaction entre structure et agence dans le contexte d'une institutionnalisation sur plusieurs niveaux. Les institutions interagissent de manière complexe sur le terrain et aux niveaux national et transnational. Cette dynamique complexe conditionne tant les interprétations et les convictions générées par les acteurs que leur mobilisation du sens pour mettre en pratique interprétations et convictions en pratique dans le cas d'exigences multiples. Les deux études empiriques l'étudient de manière détaillée.La première porte sur le rôle joué par les institutions nationales dans la réglementation transnationale des fonds souverains ; la seconde, sur le rôle des acteurs et des institutions dans l'évolution des cadres d'interprétation appliqués aux investissements socialement responsables. Ces deux études se basent sur des méthodes de recherche qualitative qui s'appuient sur différentes sources de données, dont l'observation de participants, des entretiens plus de nombreuses sources documentaires et sources secondaires. Ces études ont donné lieu à trois articles de recherche, deux empiriques et un conceptuel. Les deux articles empiriques, Fonds souverains, fonds monétaire international et transparence et Du dieu aux marchés, répondent à des questions théoriques sur le rôle des acteurs et des institutions aux différents niveaux du champ, la société et l’espace transnational dans la constitution interprétative et sémantique. Ces deux articles font référence à d'autres cadres théoriques et les enrichissent en retour, notamment dans les domaines de la transparence, de l'étude interprétative de la comptabilité, de la gouvernance transnationale, des mouvements sociaux et du droit mou. Le troisième article, La responsabilité sociale des entreprises et le « karma du marché », propose un cadre conceptuel pour les mécanismes supposés traduire le comportement social des entreprises en performances financières. Cela introduit différentes caractéristiques relatives à l'entreprise ainsi que des facteurs institutionnels impactant ce lien. La thèse dans son ensemble éclaire la façon dont des institutions en compétition conditionnent le comportement des acteurs et comment ces derniers se mobilisent de manière sélective des cadres et apports sémantiques des institutions
This dissertation explores the interaction between structure and agency in the context of multi-level institutionalization. Institutions interplay in complex ways across the field, national and transnational levels. Those complex dynamics condition both the interpretations and convictions that actors produce and the ways they mobilize meanings in order to “enact” their interpretations and convictions under competing demands. These dynamics are explored in-depth through two empirical studies. The first looks at the role national institutions play in the transnational regulation of sovereign wealth funds. The second examines the role of actors and institutions in evolution of frames used for socially responsible investments.Both the empirical studies utilize qualitative research methods drawing upon multiple sources of data including participant observation, interviews and a wide range of documentary evidence and secondary material. These studies yielded three research papers, two of which are empirical and the third one is conceptual. The two empirical papers named respectively “Sovereign wealth funds, the IMF and transparency” and “From God to markets” attempt to answer theoretical questions around the role of institutions at multiple levels of transnational, national and field, and actors in constitution of interpretations and meanings. In addition, these papers mobilize and contribute to other theoretical frameworks including transparency, interpretive accounting, transnational governance, social movements and soft laws. The third paper named “social responsibility and karma of market”, provides a conceptual framework for all the mechanisms claimed to translate the social behavior of firms to financial performance. It then sets out the firm attributes and institutional factors at multiple levels that mediate this link. Overall, this dissertation attempts to provide a better understanding of how competing institutions at different levels condition the actors’ behavior and how actors selectively mobilize and edit the institutional frames and meanings

In the context of globalisation, not only human movement became more facile between places, but the meaning of people’s locality turned unstable and uncertain. During last four decades, the number of studies on the link between people and place has increased, in order to understand the multiplying and reciprocal interactions between people and place, and to recognize the challenges that the change of place issues to people, and the challenges that migrants’ arrival issues to the receiving place, especially to urban environment. The purpose of this research is to contribute to the discussion about the role of place played in identity, and that how migration influences the place-identity. It investigates the elicitation of attachment to home place, the disruption of place-identity continuity caused by migration, and the reconstruction of homely environment in order to maintain place-identity continuity after the settlement. According to these phases, the research units seek to answer the questions: how home place induces an attachment in people, how the change between places influences the place-identity continuity, and how relocated people manifest and maintain their attachment towards the home place. The study explores the answers in the case of Gujarati immigrants arrived in Leicester and Milan. The cross-urban comparison makes possible to examine the effects of postcolonial relations and migrant community development; size and concentration on the recreation and preservation of place-identity. Empirical inquiry is based on ethnographic field work: in-depth interviews and non-participant observations. The research analyses overall 62 interviews with Hindu Gujarati immigrants and descendants in Leicester and Milan; 36 and 26 interviews respectively, furthermore completed with further 6 interviews gained from research archives. Observation covers the urban public places, focusing on the material environment, social life, and religious ceremonies. The study uses the identity-theory as a theoretical framework to transfer the principles of identity to the concept of place and model the complex entity of people-place relationship. It organises the place, person, and process aspects of people-place relationship into a simple four-party model, applying it to the empirical exploration of research themes. Empirical findings call attention to the outstanding role of home place amongst the places that people come into contact with during their lifetime. First, the research provides clues that due to which particular place features the home place evokes strong positive emotions in Gujarati immigrants. Secondly, examining the emotional effects of migration and resettlement, it reinforces the trace of earlier investigations, proving that migration causes a mental confusion as it is accompanied by change of place. Advancing further, it shows that there is relation between the sense of disruption and certain abilities of immigrants and certain qualities of sending and receiving places. Thirdly, analysing how Gujarati immigrants and descendants maintain and express their attachment to place in Leicester and Milan, the research manifests that immigrants intend to keep up their belonging whenever it is possible, instead an assimilation into the new urban environment. It demonstrated that Gujarati immigrants use the same type of practices to reconstruct the homely environment in the two cities, but they have different outcomes, depending on immigrants’ special skills, labour profile, and the particular environmental factors of settlement place. Cross-urban results also indicate that postcolonial relations between the migrant sending and receiving countries, providing a receptive environment in the destination place and internationally extended social network, guide migratory pattern and favourably influence the immigrant community development, thus they may indirectly facilitate the transformation of urban place. Empirical findings provide evidences that home place, through the emotional bonding felt towards the environment, became part of people’s identity developing place-identity, and the need to regain the sense of home place disturbed by the migration prompts immigrants to recreate the home place in the urban settlement. By its results, the research contributes and provides new empirical findings to the growing body of literature on place-identity and urban ethnic landscape from many sides. However, the conscious adherence to the homely traditions, the maintenance of social group belonging, and the prominent use of religious practice hint that besides the environmental factors, migrants’ culture also plays a significant role in place-identity continuity. This calls attention to the need for further empirical examinations of the effects of cultural belonging on place-identity, and the need to construct a more culture-sensible place-identity framework.
Nel contesto globalizzato, gli spostamenti delle persone sono diventati più facili e il significato di località è diventato instabile e incerto. Nel corso degli ultimi quattro decenni il numero degli studi sul rapporto tra uomo e ambiente è aumentato. Tali studi hanno le finalità di comprendere le interazioni reciproche e multifunzionali tra persone e ambiente, e di riconoscere le sfide del cambiamento che l’ambiente produce sulle persone da un lato, e dall’altro del cambiamento prodotto dall’arrivo dei migranti, in particolare sull’ambiente urbano. L’obiettivo di questa ricerca è quello di contribuire alla discussione sul ruolo del luogo nell'identità, e su come la migrazione influenza l’identità di luogo dei migranti. Indaga l’attaccamento all’ambiente di casa, l'interruzione della continuità dell’identità di luogo causata dalla migrazione, e la ricostruzione di ambiente familiare al fine di mantenere la continuità di identità dopo l'insediamento. Secondo queste tre fasi, i capitoli della presente ricerca cercano di rispondere alle seguenti domande : in che modo l’ambiente di casa induce un attaccamento nelle persone, come il cambiamento tra luoghi influenza la continuità dell’identità di luogo, e infine come la gente trasferita manifesta e mantiene il suo attaccamento verso l’ambiente di casa. È analizzato il caso degli indù gujarati migranti arrivati a Leicester e a Milano. Il confronto cross-urbano permette di esaminare: gli effetti dei rapporti post-coloniali e lo sviluppo delle comunità migranti; le dimensioni e la concentrazione sulla ricostruzione e sul mantenimento dell’identità di luogo. La ricerca empirica si basa su un lavoro di campo etnografico con interviste in profondità e osservazioni non partecipanti. Nello specifico, sono analizzate 62 interviste realizzate con indù gujarati immigrati e discendenti a Leicester e a Milano, 36 e 26 interviste rispettivamente, completate con 6 interviste raccolte da diversi archivi di ricerca. L'osservazione riguarda i luoghi pubblici urbani, con particolare attenzione all'ambiente materiale, alla vita sociale, e ai riti e cerimonie religiosi. Lo studio utilizza la teoria dell'identità come un quadro teorico per trasferire i principi dell’identità al concetto del luogo e forma la complessa entità del rapporto persona-ambiente. Organizza luogo, persona e processo del rapporto persona-ambiente in un modello a quattro componenti, applicanto all'esplorazione empirica dei temi di ricerca. I risultati empirici richiamano l'attenzione sul ruolo eccezionale dell’ambiente di casa tra i luoghi con cui le persone entrano in contatto durante la loro vita. In primo luogo la ricerca rivela quali sono le funzioni particolari dell'ambiente con cui l'ambiente di casa suscita emozioni forti e positive negli immigrati gujarati. In secondo luogo, esaminando gli effetti emotivi della migrazione e del reinsediamento, l'investigazione rafforza i risultati di ricerche pregresse, dimostrando che l'immigrazione provoca una frattura mentale causata da un cambiamento di luogo. Ancora, la ricerca mostra una relazione tra da un lato la frattura sentimentale e dall'altro l’abilità dei migranti e qualità dei luoghi di invio e di ricezione. In terzo luogo, analizzando come gli immigrati gujarati e i loro discendenti conservano ed esprimono il loro attaccamento all’ambiente di casa a Leicester e a Milano, la ricerca mette in evidenza che gli immigrati tendono a mantenere la loro appartenenza quanto più possibile, e non ad assimilarsi nel nuovo ambiente urbano. Gli immigrati gujarati usano lo stesso tipo di pratiche per ricostruire l'ambiente familiare nelle due città, con risultati diversi a seconda delle competenze speciali, del loro profilo di lavoro e dei fattori ambientali particolari del luogo di insediamento. I risultati cross-urbani indicano inoltre che le relazioni postcoloniali tra il Paese di invio e il Paese ricevente dei migranti, fornendo un ambiente ricettivo nel luogo di destinazione ed una rete sociale estesa nell’ambito internazionale, guidano il percorso migratorio e influenzano favorevolmente lo sviluppo della comunità di immigrati. In tal modo le relazioni postcoloniali possono indirettamente facilitare la trasformazione del luogo urbano. I risultati empirici provenienti dalla ricerca mettono in evidenza che l'ambiente di casa fa parte dell'identità tramite il legame emotivo costruito con l'ambiente, sviluppando l'identità di luogo, e dimostrano che il bisogno di ritrovare il senso dell'ambiente di casa disturbata dalla migrazione spinge gli immigrati a ricreare l'ambiente di casa nel luogo urbano di insediamento. La ricerca contribuisce e fornisce nuove scoperte empiriche alla letteratura sull’identità di luogo e sul paesaggio urbano, etnico. Tuttavia, l'adesione cosciente alle tradizioni familiari, il mantenimento dell’appartenenza al gruppo sociale e l'uso prominente delle pratiche religiose suggeriscono che oltre ai fattori ambientali, la cultura dei migranti svolge un ruolo significativo nella continuità dell’identità di luogo. Lo studio richiama l'attenzione sulla necessità di ulteriori esami empirici sugli effetti dell’appartenenza culturale sull’identità di luogo e sulla necessità di costruire un quadro dell’identità di luogo più articolato, includente la cultura.

Il progetto di ricerca indaga il fenomeno del turismo di seconda casa nelle aree rurali e interne italiane, attraverso l'analisi dei modelli spaziali e delle pratiche sociali relative ai proprietari di seconda casa nella Provincia di Asti, scelta come caso di studio che negli ultimi decenni ha visto un aumento esponenziale della percentuale di case vuote abitate da non residenti. Il quadro teorico scelto per lo sviluppo dell'indagine si basa sui concetti di attaccamento al luogo e di resilienza della comunità; la domanda al centro della ricerca ruota attorno ai modi in cui i diversi processi di attaccamento al luogo possono svolgere un ruolo attivo nella costruzione di comunità rurali resilienti. Attraverso l'applicazione del processo di ricerca qualitativa iterativa (Gaudet e Robert, 2018) e secondo una metodologia mista, sono stati analizzati dati quantitativi (ISTAT, Comuni di riferimento, database degli acquedotti) e dati qualitativi (57 interviste in profondità semi-strutturate all'interno dei confini provinciali con proprietari di seconde case, amministratori locali, agenti immobiliari, rappresentanti di associazioni no-profit ed enti rappresentativi del territorio e, infine, abitanti della comunità locale; articoli di giornale; materiale fotografico prodotto dal ricercatore e fornito dai partecipanti alle interviste). L'analisi ha tracciato lo sviluppo spaziale del fenomeno delle seconde case e ha portato all'identificazione di specifiche pratiche sociali e culturali condotte dagli abitanti delle seconde case che stanno contribuendo ai processi di rinnovamento, rivitalizzazione e adattamento delle comunità rurali astigiane, nel tentativo di contribuire attivamente alla rigenerazione di alcuni villaggi rurali. La ricerca mostra come il contributo degli utenti di seconde case in contesti marginali possa essere significativo e stimolante nel rapporto con gli abitanti permanenti, un confronto talvolta segnato dal cambiamento, talvolta dalla resistenza.
The research project investigates the phenomenon of second-home tourism in the Italian rural and inner areas, through the analysis of spatial patterns and social practices related to second-home owners in the Province of Asti, chosen as a case study that in the last decades has seen an exponential increase in the percentage of empty houses inhabited by non-residents. The theoretical framework chosen for the development of the investigation is based on the concepts of place attachment and community resilience; the question at the centre of the research revolves around the ways in which different place attachment processes can play an active role in the construction of resilient rural communities. Through the application of the iterative qualitative research process (Gaudet and Robert, 2018) and according to a mixed methodology, quantitative data (ISTAT, reference municipalities, aqueduct databases) and qualitative data (57 semi-structured in-depth interviews within the provincial boundaries with second-home owners, local administrators, real estate agents, representatives of non-profit associations and representative bodies of the territory and, finally, local community inhabitants; newspaper articles; photographic material produced by the researcher and provided by the interview participants) were analysed. The analysis traced the spatial development of the phenomenon of second homes and led to the identification of specific social and cultural practices led by second-home dwellers that are contributing to processes of renewal, revitalisation and adaptation of Asti's rural communities in an attempt to contribute to the regeneration of some rural villages actively. The research shows how the contribution of second home users in marginal contexts can be significant and stimulating in the relationship with permanent inhabitants, a confrontation sometimes marked by change, sometimes by resistance.

Cette recherche vise à comprendre le processus de la réduction de l’ambiguïté des programmes RSE au sein des organisations, afin d’expliquer les effets de ces programmes sur les attitudes organisationnelles des salariés. Elle tente plus précisément de répondre à la question suivante : comment les acteurs organisationnels construisent un sens à l’engagement sociétal de leur entreprise ? Et dans quelle mesure ce processus de construction de sens influence d’une manière positive leur engagement organisationnel ? Afin d’apporter des éléments de réponses, nous identifions les concepts théoriques qui peuvent rendre compte du mécanisme de l’impact de la RSE sur l’implication organisationnelle des salariés : le sensemaking et l’identification organisationnelle. Cette recherche qualitative est adossée à une étude empirique réalisée en France auprès de 31 acteurs organisationnels appartenant à des secteurs d’activités et des niveaux hiérarchiques différents. Les professionnels interrogés appartenaient tous à des entreprises engagées dans des actions RSE. En parallèle à la présentation de l’analyse de contenu de ces entretiens, nous rapportons les verbatims des interviewés, afin d’illustrer les concepts théoriques mobilisés et leur donner une dimension plus concrète. Les résultats de ce travail montrent que la culture organisationnelle et la capacité de l’entreprise à planifier, mettre en oeuvre, évaluer et communiquer son engagement sociétal offrent aux salariés des indices pour construire un sens à la RSE. L’impact de cette RSE perçue sur l’engagement organisationnel est influencé par l’identification organisationnelle, elle-même impactée par quatre besoins psychologiques : L’estime de soi, l’auto-différentiation, la sécurité, et le Sens
This research aims to analyze the process of reducing the ambiguity of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in organizations, in order to better understand the mechanisms of the impact of CSR programs on employee attitudes. More precisely, this research tries to answer the following question : How do organizational actors construct a meaning for the societal engagement of their company ? And how this process positively impacts their organizational commitment. In order to address this research question, we identify theoretical concepts that can account for the mechanism of the impact of CSR on the employees' organizational commitment : sensemaking and organizational identification. This qualitative research is backed up by an empirical study carried out in France with 31 organizational actors belonging to different sectors and hierarchical levels. The professionals interviewed all worked in companies engaged in CSR initiatives. In parallel with the presentation of the content analysis of these interviews, we report the verbatim of the interviewees, in order to illustrate the theoretical concepts mobilized and to give them a more concrete dimension. The results of this work show that the organizational culture and the capacity of the company to plan, implement, evaluate and communicate its social commitment, offering cues to employees to build a sense of CSR. The impact of this perceived CSR on organizational commitment is influenced by the organizational identification, itself impacted by four

Cette recherche s’inscrit dans le champ de la psychologie sociale du travail et des organisations. Elle s’intéresse aux conduites de socialisation organisationnelle des jeunes diplômées vietnamiennes. Adoptant une approche systémique et constructiviste, nous considérons que chaque individu au travail est un « sujet actif parce que pluriel et prospectif » dans son processus de socialisation et de personnalisation. Dans une visée exploratoire, nous cherchons à montrer que les conduites de socialisation des jeunes diplômées vietnamiennes ne sont pas uniquement déterminées par leurs caractéristiques socio-biographiques et leurs contextes organisationnels, mais qu’elles sont aussi orientées par leur activité psychologique de signification du travail. Après une enquête exploratoire par entretien, une enquête extensive par questionnaire nous a permis d’interroger 435 jeunes femmes diplômées à partir du niveau Maîtrise, dans une pluralité de domaines de travail. L’analyse des résultats permet tout d’abord d’établir une typologie des jeunes diplômées vietnamiennes. Les caractéristiques socio-biographiques de chacune des 4 classes dégagées, sont en relations significatives avec les différentes conduites de socialisation organisationnelle étudiées. A l’analyse de ces premiers constats, le contexte socio-économique et culturel dans la transition du travail et de l’emploi au Vietnam nous semble toujours constituer un « déterminant collectif » prégnant des conduites individuelles des travailleurs. Les résultats montrent, en outre, le poids important des processus axiologiques qui sont en jeu dans l’activité de nos sujets, notamment l’influence du sens du travail sur les processus d’évaluation par les sujets, des effets de leur activité de travail. En plus d’une contribution pour décrire les conduites au travail des jeunes diplômées vietnamiennes actuelles, ces résultats permettent de formuler des recommandations tant au niveau théorique qu’au niveau pratique. Au niveau théorique, ils invitent, entre autres, à enrichir la notion de « sujet pluriel » dans une même sphère professionnelle que la littérature n’aborde pas encore. Au niveau pratique, ils amènent à des propositions en matière de formation et d’orientation professionnelle pour faciliter l’insertion professionnelle des jeunes vietnamiennes ainsi que des jeunes vietnamiens
This research is in the field of social psychology of work and organizations. It is interested in behavior organizational socialization of graduated Vietnamese young women. Adopting a systemic and constructivist approach, we think each person at work is « an active subject because plural and prospective » in his process of socialization and personalization. In an exploring view, we try to show that the socialization behaviours of young Vietnamese graduated are not only determined by their socio-biographical characteristics and their organizational contexts but also oriented by their psychological activity of meaning of work. After an exploratory investigation by interview, an extensive survey with questionnaire allowed us to inquire 435 young women graduates, from Master of Arts level, in a multiplicity of work spheres. First, the analysis of the results, allows establishing a typology of young Vietnamese graduates. The socio-biographical characteristics of the 4 classes are in significant relationships with the various behaviours of organizational socialization. When analyzing those first results, it seems that socio-economic and cultural context in the transition of labour and employment in Vietnam, stay a « collective determinant » for individual behaviours of workers. In addition, the results show the importance of axiological processes which are involved in the activities of our subjects, including the influence of the meaning of work, on the evaluation process by the subjects of the effects of their work activity. Over the contribution to describe the working behaviours of young graduates Vietnamese, these results provide recommendations both at a theoretical and at a practical level. At the theoretical level, they invited to enrich the notion of « plural subject » in the same professional sphere as literature doesn’t approach yet. Practically, they lead to propose training and professional guidance to make easier the professional insertion of young Vietnamese women and men
Thuộc chuyên ngành Tâm lí học lao động và các tổ chức, luận án này nghiên cứu các hành vi xã hội hóa nghề nghiệp của nữ trí thức trẻ Việt Nam. Vận dụng « tiếp cận hệ thống và xây dựng », chúng tôi cho rằng mỗi cá nhân là một « chủ thể tích cực vì sự xã hội hóa đa dạng và hướng đến tương lai » trong quá trình xã hội hóa và cá thể hóa. Trong khuôn khổ một nghiên cứu mở đường, chúng tôi muốn chỉ ra rằng các hành vi xã hội hóa nghề nghiệp của nữ trí thức trẻ Việt Nam không chỉ phụ thuộc vào những đặc điểm cá nhân - xã hội và đặc điểm của môi trường lao động mà họ thuộc về, mà chúng còn được định hướng bởi đặc điểm tâm lí của nữ trí thức và ý nghĩa của công việc đối với họ. Từ phỏng vấn bán cấu trúc ban đầu, chúng tôi đã làm điều tra mở rộng bằng bảng hỏi trên 435 khách thể, là những nữ lao động có trình độ từ Đại học trở lên, trong nhiều lĩnh vực nghề nghiệp khác nhau. Các kết quả thu được cho phép thiết lập một hệ thống phân loại các nữ trí thức thành 4 nhóm. Những đặc điểm cá nhân xã hội của 4 nhóm trí thức này có mối quan hệ có ý nghĩa với hành vi xã hội hóa nghề nghiệp của họ. Từ những phân tích ban đầu, chúng tôi nhận thấy hoàn cảnh kinh tế, xã hội và văn hóa trong sự chuyển đổi lao động và việc làm ở Việt Nam luôn có ảnh hưởng mạnh mẽ đến hành vi của người lao động. Bên cạnh đó, các kết quả cũng chỉ ra sự ảnh hưởng của các giá trị cá nhân đến hoạt động của chủ thể, đặc biệt là ảnh hưởng của ý nghĩa của công việc tới cách đánh giá hiệu quả hoạt động của chủ thể. Ngoài những đóng góp vào việc mô tả hành vi nghề nghiệp của nữ trí thức trẻ Việt Nam, kết quả nghiên cứu cũng cho phép chúng tôi đưa ra những kiến nghị cả về mặt lý thuyết lẫn thực tiễn. Về lí thuyết, các kết quả này mở ra việc bổ sung vào khái niệm « chủ thể đa dạng » không chỉ trong mối tương quan với các mặt khác nhau của đời sống là cuộc sống gia đình, cuộc sống nghề nghiệp, cuộc sống cá nhân và cuộc sống xã hội mà người lao động trẻ Việt Nam còn thể hiện là một « chủ thể đa dạng » ngay trong cuộc sống nghề nghiệp khi họ một lúc làm nhiều công việc. Điều này chưa được lý thuyết về xã hội hóa nghề nghiệp đề cập đến. Về mặt thực tiễn, luận án hướng đến những kiến nghị liên quan đến đào tạo và hướng nghiệp để làm thuận lợi quá trình gia nhập vào đời sống nghề nghiệp của giới trẻ Việt Nam

Encadré par la théorie et la méthodologie de la sémiologie des indices proposée par Anne-Marie Houdebine, ce travail analyse les relations homme/femme, sous le coup de la censure, dans le cinéma iranien postrévolutionnaire. L'analyse systémique permet de dégager d'abord les strates iconique, scénique, sonore et technique à l'intérieur du corpus des scènes de films. Ensuite, il met en évidence des éléments explicités qui montrent qu'au plan formel existe un certain nombre de récurrences dans toutes les scènes analysées quel que soit le film travaillé. Au plan de l'expression, une grammaire formelle de la relation homme/femme dans le cinéma iranien a été dégagée. Au plan du contenu, des illusions de proximité et de rapprochement, des déclarations d'amour, des propositions sexuelles, de l'érotisme ainsi que des relations amoureuses et sexuelles surgissent à travers différentes configurations syntagmatiques des indices tels que le regard, le geste avorté, la scène de retour, l'enfant, l'objet symbolique, l'extérieur, l'intérieur, la voiture, la cour, le hors champ, la transition et la musique. En construisant son espace comme l'architecture iranienne traditionnelle entre l'externe (espace réservé aux invités et aux étrangers à la famille) et l'interne (espace privé) mais également en s'emparant des figures de styles à l'instar de la poésie iranienne classique, le cinéma iranien parle pudiquement de l'amour et créé ainsi sa propre iranité concernant les relations homme/femme.

Chez les sujets humains, la capacité d'identifier une scène visuelle complexe est remarquable. Avec une seule fixation d'une scène, de nombreuse d'informations sont disponibles : son contenu, son identité, sa structure spatiale et la catégorisation de cette scène (Potter, 1975; Schyns & Oliva, 1994; Thorpe, Fize, & Marlot, 1996). Plusieurs hypothèses sont développées : Tout abord, le sens général d'une scène peut être acquis grâce a l'identification d'un ou plusieurs objets typiques (Friedman, 1979) et leurs relations (De Graef, Christiaens, & d'Ydewalle, 1990). Alternativement à ce point de vue traditionnel considérant que l'identification d'une scène s'effectue par l'identification des objets qu'elle contient, une autre hypothèse suppose que l'identification d'une scène peut être acquise au moyen d'informations globales ayant des propriétés de "scène-niveau" donc sans savoir besoins d'informations portant sur les objets (Greene & Oliva, 2006; Schyns & Oliva, 1994; Oliva & Schyns, 2000). Ces propriétés de "scène-niveau" se caractériseraient par des grandes surfaces structurales ou d'autres types d'informations similaires (Biederman, 1995). En outre, l'étude des mouvements oculaires montrent que les fixations précoces sont influencées par la densité de contours, le contraste local (Mannan, Ruddock, & Wooding, 1996, 1997; Reinagel & Zador, 1999) ainsi que la structure de la scène (Sanocki & Epstein, 1997; Castelhano & Henderson, 2003; Oliva & Torralba., 2003). Nous supposons donc que ces deux types d'informations fusionneraient en une représentation des différentes zones de luminance ne contenant pas d'informations précises sur les objets. Le but de cette thèse est d'étudier le rôle de la structuration spatiale des différentes zones de luminance dans l'identification rapide de scènes complexes. Les résultats suggèrent que les participants sont capables d'identifier une scène visuelle en se basant sur cette propriété

La ricerca ha l'obiettivo di analizzare il senso che i membri dei reparti antiterrorismo dell’Arma dei Carabinieri hanno attribuito alla propria esperienza e alle attività di antiterrorismo svolte negli "anni di piombo", nonché i significati che ne derivano in riferimento al contesto sociale, culturale e politico degli anni settanta e ottanta. L’analisi delle attribuzioni di senso permette di rilevare le implicazioni, e i significati conseguenti, che l’agire degli operatori antiterrorismo ha avuto nel contesto sociale di riferimento, caratterizzato dall'esaurimento dei processi rivoluzionari che vedevano avanguardie organizzate come protagoniste dirette della direzione di un conflitto di classe, in cui si contrapponevano gli attori sociali del capitalismo. In tale ambito, dalla prospettiva soggettiva degli operatori sono state indagate le caratteristiche del sistema antiterrorismo italiano dei Carabinieri negli anni settanta e ottanta sotto il profilo di gruppo/organizzazione, che riguardano l’istituzione dei reparti antiterrorismo, la selezione del personale, l’addestramento e la distribuzione degli incarichi al personale, la leadership e la coesione all'interno dei reparti, le strategie di contrasto adottate, nonché la gestione dei terroristi arrestati e dei collaboratori. Nell'ambito delle attribuzioni di senso del proprio vissuto e delle attività svolte nell'antiterrorismo, sono state invece indagate le determinanti all'arruolamento nell'Arma e dell’ingresso nei reparti antiterrorismo, lo spirito di sacrificio e il senso dell’impegno, la gestione del rischio legato allo specifico incarico, la percezione dell’antagonista, le determinanti dell’uscita dai reparti antiterrorismo, il senso delle attività di contrasto al terrorismo. Dalla ricerca è emerso come le attribuzioni di senso alle attività antiterrorismo si sviluppino seguendo due prospettive principali: una prospettiva istituzionale/sociale correlata alla protezione delle istituzioni e della società; una prospettiva soggettivista connessa all'esigenza individuale di affermazione personale e professionale. Nell’ambito della prima prospettiva, in relazione ai processi conflittuali che caratterizzavano l’Italia degli anni settanta e ottanta, l’antiterrorismo si poneva come agenzia di sicurezza con l’obiettivo di tutelare l’assetto democratico istituzionale, nonché i diritti e le libertà fondamentali dei cittadini, esplicitando le proprie attività su una dimensione sia politica, promuovendo lo sviluppo di nuove misure normative, sia militare, contrastando con uomini e mezzi le organizzazioni armate attraverso attività di intelligence e tecniche investigative specializzate. In riferimento alla seconda prospettiva, invece, l’antiterrorismo diveniva per gli operatori che ne facevano parte un contesto di affermazione personale e professionale, veicolando le ambizioni e le aspettative dei militari che intendevano sviluppare le proprie competenze tecniche nel settore investigativo. Attraverso l’impiego nell'antiterrorismo, i militari ricercavano e trovavano una dimensione per la realizzazione personale e professionale. In conclusione, l’antiterrorismo dell’Arma dei Carabinieri si è dunque collocato nel contesto politico e sociale italiano degli anni settanta e ottanta in una prospettiva di difesa sociale e delle Istituzioni, con l’obiettivo di reprimere le progettualità terroristiche sviluppate da gruppi armati formati da militanti determinati e da assetti organizzativi articolati e in alcuni casi strutturalmente complessi. Sotto un profilo organizzativo, le Sezioni antiterrorismo divennero nel corso degli anni un contesto di elaborazione e di sviluppo di specifiche competenze tecniche e di metodi investigativi maturati nell'esperienza del contrasto al terrorismo.

Inspirée par les débats portant sur la typologie de la recherche proposée par Michael Burawoy (2005b) et fondée sur une analyse qualitative de vingt-cinq entrevues auprès de professeurs en histoire, en économie et en sociologie, notre investigation a comme but d’identifier et de décrire l’organisation sociale du sens de la recherche en fonction de ses auditoires et ses visées cognitives. À partir d’une analyse sémantique du langage et des repères construits par les acteurs dans leurs expériences de production et de diffusion de connaissances, nous étudions premièrement l’organisation des pratiques de recherche dans l’espace académique, puis l’extension de ces pratiques vers d’autres champs d’activités sociales. Cette analyse nous permet de revenir sur la typologie de Burawoy et d’apporter quelques corrections quant aux distinctions entre les connaissances professionnelle, critique, appliquée et publique. À cet égard, nous proposons que ces « types » de recherche doivent être décomposés en de multiples postures qui s’inscrivent d’une part dans une différenciation des espaces discursifs académiques et d’autre part à l’interface de différents modes d’intervention extra-académique.
Our study of the orientation of research in the social sciences and humanities is a response to Micheal Burawoy’s typology of knowledge production. The objective of this investigation is to identify and describe the social organisation of the meaning of research as scholars attempt to reach different audiences and as their investigations are routed towards particular cognitive aims. Having conducted twenty-five in-depth interviews with historians, sociologists and economists, we analysed their interpretations of research practices in relation to the social space of academia and in regards to the extension of academic activities towards other social spaces. This analysis is then mobilised to comment on Michael Burawoy’s typology of research as we attempt to correct some of the distinctions he makes between professional, critical, policy and public knowledge. Notably, we suggest that these “types” should be broken down into multiple postures understood in relation to a segmentation of academic discursive fields and a differentiation of extra-academic modes of intervention.
Réalisé en association avec le Centre interuniversitaire de recherche sur la science et la technologie (CIRST).

Fondée sur une étude ethnographique de la pratique du soccer amateur au sein d’une population immigrante associée politiquement à des minorités visibles, discernables par rapport au groupe majoritaire que forment les Québécois francophones, cette thèse cherche à élucider le rapport pratique et fonctionnel entre corps, connaissance et société à la lumière de la théorie de la pratique élaborée par Bourdieu. Dans cette voie, elle cherche à concevoir la pratique sportive comme vecteur d’intégration sociale susceptible de former l’habitus propice à l’intégration, à la sociabilité et à la participation sociale requises pour développer le sentiment d’appartenance à la société d’accueil dans les rangs de ces sportifs. Dans la veine de la théorisation enracinée, et en s’appuyant sur l’observation systématique du style de jeu et des représentations sociales autour de l’intégration élaborés par un groupe d’adeptes du soccer dans une étude combinant observation, vidéo, notes de terrain et interviews, recueillies dans une ligue amateur de Montréal, la thèse a pour objectif de débusquer la logique sociale que sous-tend la pratique sportive en décelant le sens pratique à l’œuvre dans cette dimension de l’espace social. Sur la lancée, l’étude de la pratique du soccer et de la matérialité du corps de l’immigrant en tant que « fait social total » nous amène à concevoir l’intégration du nouveau venu à la société d’accueil comme la combinaison de l’« extériorité » et de l’« intériorité » responsable des dispositions propres à donner corps à l’intégration. On est fondé à penser que la pratique du sport permet à ses adeptes de nouer avec leurs vis-à-vis des relations sociales qui, leur conférant des positions distinctes et distinctives, permettent de comprendre et d’expliquer l’intégration par les enjeux que cela soulève. Sous ce chef, l’ethnicisation en acte dans ce contexte s’opère sous la médiation du corps conçu comme « vecteur de connaissances », « forme de présentation de soi » (Sayad, 1999, p. 301), et « emblème de l’ethnicité » (Defrance, 2009, p. 26). Le corps, aux yeux des joueurs et des supporteurs, devient objet de représentations fondées sur la performance sportive, le jugement de l’habileté physique et l’attitude personnelle comme indicateurs de la compétence du joueur et, plus généralement, les éléments symboliques nés de l’interaction sociale sur le terrain de jeu comme à l’extérieur. En dernière analyse, le soccer, par sa pratique, fait office de médiation, voire de levier, susceptible d’aplanir les entraves à l’intégration à la société d’accueil sous les traits de l’acculturation. La thèse au programme vient donc enrichir l’explication sociologique du processus d’intégration en contexte multiethnique à la lumière du concept d’habitus afin de concevoir théoriquement la dialectique entre acculturation et incorporation sous les traits d’un jeu de relations objectives en vertu duquel le participant s’y engage de son propre chef, sans être tout à fait conscient que par la pratique il est soumis au jugement social, à l’inculcation de dispositions culturellement légitimes, etc. Il s’en dégage l’hypothèse que le joueur de soccer manifeste la « connaissance par corps » que requiert son intégration à la société dans laquelle il a décidé d’évoluer de son plein gré (Bourdieu, 2003). La pratique sportive se révèle donc une « stratégie identitaire synthétique » susceptible de mettre au diapason son identité et les « conditions objectives d’existence » du milieu auquel il est en passe de s’intégrer (Manço, 1999).
Based on an ethnographic study of soccer amateur practice in an immigrant population politically associated with visible minorities, discernible from the majority group formed by francophone Quebecers, this thesis seeks to elucidate the practical and functional relationship between body, knowledge and society in the light of the theory of practice formulated by Bourdieu. In this way, it seeks to tackle sports practice as a social integration vector likely to shape the habitus appropriate for integration, sociability and social participation required to develop a sense of belonging to the host society in the ranks of these athletes. In the vein of the grounded theory, and based on a systematic observation of the style of play and the social representations about integration created by a group of soccer enthusiasts in a study combining observation, video, field notes, and interviews, collected in an amateur soccer league in Montreal, the thesis aims to uncover the social logic that underlies the sport by identifying the practical sense at work in this dimension of the social space. On this basis, the study of the soccer practice and the materiality of the immigrant’s body as a “total social fact” leads us to understand the newcomer’s integration to the host society as a combination of the “exteriority” and the “inwardness” responsible of the adequate dispositions suitable for fleshing out the integration. We have good reasons to believe that sport allows its followers to engage with their partners in social relationships, giving them distinct and distinguishable positions, and leads us to understand and explain the integration process by the issues that it raises. In this regard, the ethnicization in action under the conditions given operates under the mediation of the body conceived as “knowledge vector”, “form of self-presentation” (Sayad, 1999, p. 301), and “the emblem of ethnicity” (Defrance, 2009, p. 26). The body, in the eyes of the players and fans, becomes an object of representations based on performance, judgment of physical ability and personal attitude as indicators of the player’s skills and, more generally, the symbolic elements born from social interaction at the playground and outside of it. Ultimately, soccer, by its practice acts as a mediation, even a lever that may overcome barriers to integration into the host society in the shape of acculturation. Our thesis comes out as a contribution to enhance the sociological explanation of the integration process in a multicultural context in the light of the habitus concept to perceive theoretically the dialectic between acculturation and incorporation in the guise of a game of objective relationships whereby the participant undertakes the game on his own, without being fully aware that the practice is subject to social judgment, inculcation of culturally legitimate dispositions, etc. From this emanates the hypothesis that the soccer player shows the “knowledge by body” (to know by heart) that requires his integration to the society in which he decided to evolve and perform voluntarily (Bourdieu, 2003). Thus, sport proves to be a “synthetic identity strategy” that may enable the individual’s identity to be attuned to the “existence’s objective conditions” of the environment to which he is going to integrate (Manço, 1999).

Cette recherche s’intéresse au concept de la GRH à la carte et à son influence sur l’intention de départ des salariés. Pour ce faire, nous avons dû définir les différentes composantes qui entourent notre concept principal, nous faisons référence aux espaces de choix relatifs à l’organisation et à l’aménagement du temps de travail, aux espaces de choix relatifs à la rémunération, à la formation, etc. Dans leur description, ces pratiques qu’on trouve au coeur du concept de la GRH à la carte nous permettent de prendre conscience que la gestion des ressources humaines connaît une nouvelle facette. Celle-ci s’explique principalement par le souci des entreprises d’aujourd’hui de se rapprocher des attentes de leurs salariés, en leur offrant un certain nombre d’espaces de choix dans leur emploi. Les gestionnaires des ressources humaines parlent alors de personnalisation des pratiques des RH, ce qui exige une certaine flexibilité de la part des organisations. Ainsi, l’élaboration de notre étude nous a permis de présenter un modèle théorique dont l’objectif est de tester l’influence de la flexibilité des différents espaces de choix de la GRH à la carte sur l’intention de départ souvent manifestée par les salariés. Les résultats obtenus à l’aide de l’analyse multivariée appliquée à des données d’une institution bancaire haïtienne mettent en évidence l’impact significatif de certaines pratiques et le rôle médiateur du sentiment d’autodétermination dans la décision des salariés. Mots clés : Intention de départ volontaire, flexibilité des pratiques de la GRH à la carte, sentiment d’auto-détermination
The employees’ intention to quit their jobs. To do this, we had to define various components that surround our main concept. We refer to areas of choice on the organization and the organization of working time, areas of choice on the remuneration, the training.... The description of these practices, which are found to be in the heart of the concept of «cafeteria HRM », enable us to realize that human resources management knows a new side, it is mainly explained by the fact that companies desire today to get closer to the expectations of their employees by offering them a number of areas of choice in their jobs. Managers in human resources try to customize practices, which requires flexibility on the part of organizations Thus, this study allowed us to present a theoretical model that aims to test the influence of the flexibility of choosing different areas of «cafeteria HRM » on the intention to quit among employees. Results obtained using data from a Haitian bank and multivariate analysis highlight the significant impact of some practices and the mediating role of sense of self-determination in the employees’ intention to quit their job. Keywords: Intention of voluntary departure, flexibility practices of «cafeteria HRM », a sense of self-determination