Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Società rurale »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Società rurale"
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Musella, Luigi. « Dalla storia economico-sociale alla storia della società rurale. Un passaggio negli studi di storia contemporanea di Pasquale Villani ». SOCIETÀ E STORIA, no 171 (février 2021) : 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ss2021-171009.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L'autore sottolinea il passaggio dalla storia economico-sociale alla storia della società rurale nella produzione scientifica di Villani. Si sono considerate alcune pubblicazioni che meglio di altre evidenziano, prima, la sua partecipazione a quel dibattito che ci fu tra studiosi con una impostazione crociana e studiosi con una impostazione gramsciana e/o marxista nel corso degli anni cinquanta e sessanta;; poi, quella fase che lo portò a riprendere la lezione delle «Annales» attraverso l'esperienza dei «Quaderni Storici». In tale contesto, vengono esaminate le sue posizioni rispetto al dibattito tra Emilio Sereni e Rosario Romeo, l'atteggiamento nei confronti dell'impegno politico degli storici. L'adesione alle novità della storiografia francese lo portarono a una visione più ampia e complessa e all'uso della categoria di "società rurale".
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Guida, Patrizia. « Etnografia e Storiografia negli scritti odeporici di Fulvia Miani Perotti ». SPONDE 2, no 1 (28 décembre 2022) : 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/sponde.4092.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Attraverso i suoi scritti odeporici la scrittrice pugliese Fulvia Miani Perotti (1844 - 1931) ri-afferma l’identità regionale e con essa le tradizioni del genius loci secondo l’azione di propaganda di quelli che sono gli assi portanti della ricerca demologica in Italia negli anni post-unitari, ovvero il rapporto tra identità regionale e identità nazionale. Il saggio prende in analisi, in particolare, il suo volume di racconti, Profili e paesaggi, che contiene tre lunghi racconti di viaggio (Su pe’ Colli, Riva Adriatica, Nella Magna Grecia), in cui la scrittrice descrive la società rurale pugliese. L’analisi dei testi dimostra che Miani Perotti privilegia gli aspetti storiografici ed etnografici a scapito di una trama che diventa un mero pretesto per narrare usi e costumi, passato e presente, di un territorio familiare e, pertanto, non straniante.
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Filip-Gherman, Viorel. « Chiesa e società in Transilvania all’inizio del XX secolo. La confutazione del prete come preliminario per il passaggio al neoprotestantesimo : il caso della parrocchia Mașca (zona di Lăpuș, provincia di Maramureș) ». Journal of Church History 2020, no 2 (1 décembre 2020) : 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jch.2020.2.5.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Riassunto: Il presente saggio offre un contributo documentario significativo al fine di capire meglio i “rapporti di potere” a livello delle comunità rurali della Transilvania della seconda metà del XIX secolo ed all’inizio del successivo. In base ad una documentazione rintracciata attraverso ricerche su fondi d’archivio, collocati presso il Servizio Distrettuale Maramureș degli Archivi Nazionali della Romania, viene presentato “il dossier” di un conflitto locale protrattosi per un periodo lungo e che finì per indebolire l’identità confessionale iniziale di una comunità rurale del nord della Transilvania, rendendo così possibile il passaggio ad un’altra confessione religiosa, ad una protestante, nel caso di cui ci stiamo occupando. Si tratta della parrocchia ortodossa romena Mașca (che cambiò il nome dopo la seconda guerra mondiale, diventando Răzoare), dove il giovane prete Ioan Dobre fu incaricato, nel 1905, anche dell’incombenza di insegnante nella scuola locale, gestita appunto dalla stessa parrocchia ortodossa del villaggio. Questo episodio fu l’inizio di un rapporto teso tra il sacerdote, il comitato della parrocchia locale e il rispettivo decanato ortodosso (con sede nella città di Dej, capoluogo di provincia prima e dopo il 1918), che peggiorò durante il tempo e che si prolungò a lungo. Questo stato di cose fece sì che la Mașca fosse una delle parrocchie della zona di Lăpuș (distretto di Maramureș), più segnata dal passaggio al neoprotestantesimo.
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Bouquet, Emmanuelle. « Construir un sistema financiero para el desarrollo rural en México. Nuevos papeles para el Estado y la sociedad civil ». Revista Trace, no 52 (6 juillet 2018) : 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.52.2007.338.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La problemática del artículo es la definición de los papeles para el Estado y la sociedad civil en el proceso de construir sistemas financieros adaptados a las necesidades de la población agrícola y rural en los países en desarrollo. Se presenta una reseña de la evolución en el paradigma de las finanzas rurales ocurrida en los últimos veinte años en el ámbito internacional, y se aplica este marco de análisis de las políticas públicas al caso de México.Abstract: The article addresses the issue of defining the appropriate roles for the State and civil society in the process of building financial systems tailored to the needs of agricultural and rural populations in developing countries. It offers a review of how the rural finance paradigm has evolved in the last twenty years, and applies this policy analysis framework to the case of Mexico.Résumé : L’article aborde la question de la répartition des rôles de l’État et la société civile dans le processus de construction de systèmes financiers adaptés aux nécessités des populations agricoles et rurales dans les pays en développement. Il propose une revue des évolutions qui ont marqué le paradigme de la finance rurale dans les vingt dernières années, et applique ce cadre d’analyse des politiques publiques au cas du Mexique.
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Kučerová, E. « European Society for Rural Sociology ». Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 7 (2 mars 2012) : 338–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5408-agricecon.
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Querol, Vicent A., et Xavier Ginés Sànchez. « La participació dels espais rurals en la sostenibilitat ambiental. Anàlisi dels discursos d’iniciatives productives en el context rural de Castelló ». Disjuntiva. Crítica de les Ciències Socials 1, no 2 (2 juillet 2020) : 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/disjuntiva2020.1.2.2.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Els espais rurals han estat cridats a jugar un paper central en la lluita per pal· liar els efectes del canvi climàtic. La categorització exògena que ha dividit i separat la natura de la societat i la cultura ha tingut efectes negatius sobre la relació entre les poblacions rurals i les institucions que han de vetlar per la sostenibilitat ambiental. Aquest article es planteja l’anàlisi d’iniciatives productives que, des de les àrees rurals de Castelló, hem identificat amb el concepte de Nova Ruralitat i de quina manera els seus discursos harmonitzen amb la sostenibilitat ambiental. L’enfocament teòric revisa un marc on s’exposen les accions del conservacionisme propi de les àrees protegides i del desenvolupament rural, com també les noves concepcions que reforcen els enfocaments que donen veu i valor a les mirades des del rural. I això sense perdre de vista un context institucional supralocal que concentra serveis i infraestructures a les ciutats al temps que genera normatives que segueixen desequilibrant el territori valencià. El bastiment d’una ciutadania rural conscient del canvi climàtic alhora que esperonada a la participació en els processos institucionals esdevé una de les claus d’una sostenibilitat ambiental que ha de recolzar-se sobre una altra sostenibilitat: la social al rural. | Rural areas have been called to play a central role in the fight to mitigate the effects of climate change. The exogenous categorization that has divided and separated nature from society and culture had negative effects on the relation between rural dwellers and the Institutions that supposed to look after environmental sustainability.
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Soares da Silva, Ana Cláudia, Ana Ivania Alves Fonseca et Cássio Alexandre da Silva. « GEOGRAFIA DOS ASSENTAMENTOS RURAIS E A REFORMA AGRÁRIA NO MUNICÍPIO DE FRANCISCO SÁ - NORTE DE MINAS ». Revista Cerrados 16, no 02 (9 mars 2020) : 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22238/rc2448269220181602174188.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A Geografia é a ciência que busca a compreensão dos fenômenos socioespaciais. Os elementos condicionantes do espaço são as relações sociedade/natureza que produzem arranjos materiais e imateriais. As discussões sobre assentamentos rurais e movimentos de luta pela terra constituem uma diversidade de interpretações, nessa trajetória, apresenta-se a busca por novos paradigmas, novas linguagens e novas propostas ao modelo tradicional da reforma agrária. Os assentamentos rurais na região Norte Mineira são espaços de agricultura familiar e territórios produtivos. As particularidades de cada assentamento se traduzem em áreas mais desenvolvidas, e outras menos desenvolvidas, essa análise reflete na diversidade regional, que sejam nos aspectos socioeconômicos e físicos geográficos. Nessa discussão, o presente estudo procura analisar a reforma agrária e a formação dos assentamentos rurais no munícipio de Francisco Sá-MG. O procedimento metodológico baseou-se em estudos bibliográficos para fundamentação da parte teórica, pesquisa direta através de trabalho de campo e entrevista. Portanto, os assentamentos rurais no município de Francisco Sá constituem-se em territórios, compostos por diferentes modalidades de acesso à terra e reprodução social diversa.
Palavras-chave: Território. Reforma agrária. Assentamentos Rurais.
GEOGRAPHY OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS AND AGRARIAN REFORM IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF FRANCISCO SÁ – NORTH OF MINAS GERAIS
ABSTRACT
The Geography is the science devoted to the understanding of socio-spatial phenomena. The space conditioning elements are the society/nature relationships that produce material and immaterial arrangements. The discussions regarding rural settlements and land struggle movements represent a diversity of interpretations, in this trajectory; the search for new paradigms, new languages and new proposals is presented to the traditional model of agrarian reform. Rural settlements in the northern region of Minas Gerais are areas marked by family agriculture and productive territories. The particularities of each settlement translate into more developed areas, and others less developed, this analysis reflects in the regional diversity of socioeconomic and physical geographic aspects. In this perspective, the present study aims to analyze the agrarian reform and the formation of rural settlements in Francisco Sá, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The methodological procedure was based on bibliographical studies to substantiate the theoretical part, field research and interviews. Therefore, the rural settlements in the municipality of Francisco Sá are constituted in territories, composed by different modalities of land access and diverse social reproduction.
Keywords: Territory. Agrarian reform. Rural Settlements.
GEOGRAFÍA DE LOS ASENTAMIENTOS RURALES Y LA REFORMA AGRARIA EN EL MUNICIPIO DE FRANCISCO SÁ - NORTE DE MINAS
RESUMEN
La Geografía es la ciencia que busca la comprensión de los fenómenos socioespaciales. Los elementos condicionantes del espacio son las relaciones sociedad / naturaleza que producen arreglos materiales e inmateriales. Las discusiones sobre asentamientos rurales y movimientos de lucha representan una diversidad de interpretaciones, en esa trayectoria, se presentan la búsqueda de nuevos paradigmas, nuevos lenguajes y nuevas propuestas al modelo tradicional de la reforma agraria. Los asentamientos rurales en la región Norte Minera, son espacios de agricultura familiar y territorios productivos. Las particularidades de cada asentamiento traducen en áreas más desarrolladas, y otras menos desarrolladas, ese análisis refleja en la diversidad regional, que sean en los aspectos socioeconómicos y físicos geográficos. En esta discusión, el presente estudio busca analizar la reforma agraria y la formación de los asentamientos rurales en el municipio de Francisco Sá-MG. El procedimiento metodológico se basó en estudios bibliográficos para fundamentación de la parte teórica, investigación directa a través de trabajo de campo y entrevista. Por lo tanto, los asentamientos rurales en el municipio de Francisco Sá se constituyen en territorios, compuesto por diferentes modalidades de acceso a tierra y reproducción social diversa.
Palabras clave: Territorio. Reforma agraria. Asentamientos Rurales.
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D.BALAMUNISWAMY, D. BALAMUNISWAMY, et G. ERRAIAH G.ERRAIAH. « Role of Regional Rural Banks Finance to Weaker Sections of the Rural Society in India ». Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, no 1 (15 janvier 2012) : 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/jan2014/70.
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Davida Pizzigoni, Francesca. « The «Bollettino delle bibliotechine rurali» of zia Mariú a children’s magazine called to build society through books . » RIHC. Revista Internacional de Historia de la Comunicación, no 17 (2021) : 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/rich.2021.i17.05.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the Italy of the early twentieth century, the initiative created by zia Mariù (Paola Lombroso) and promoted through its organ of dissemination «Bollettino delle bibliotechine rurali» manages to provide over 1000 rural schools with a small school library. This action, carried out through the active commitment of other children, on one hand has the power to affect the society, on the other hand initiating an action of great "active citizenship" by children and, finally, interrupting the condition of extreme poverty and marginality in which rural schools lived in. The article aims to present the initiative through the writings of zia Mariù herself and in particular through the pages of the «Bollettino delle bibliotechine rurali», identifying the role of this communication instrument compared to the success of the project.
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Kischener, Manoel Adir, Miguel Angelo Perondi, Marcelino Armindo Monteiro, Everton Marcos Batistela, Rosenilde Terezinha Borges et Rosimara Kischener. « A contribuição de polanyi na compreensão do processo de mercantilização da sociedade rural ». RDE - Revista de Desenvolvimento Econômico 1, no 39 (avril 2015) : 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21452/rde.v17i31.3728.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Sabe-se que o mercado se faz presente em todas as instâncias da vida, entretanto, as relações pautadas especialmente pela reciprocidade ainda permanecem no mundo rural e tornam seu processo de mercantilização diferente do urbano. Este artigo, portanto, re
Thèses sur le sujet "Società rurale"
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Vallese, Michel <1984>. « Rischi agricoli : "Il ruolo delle società assicurative nel mercato delle assicurazioni contro le avversità atmosferiche" ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20017.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Nel presente lavoro di tesi si analizza il ruolo delle imprese di assicurazione nel mercato dei rischi agricoli contro le avversità atmosferiche.
Dopo aver spiegato l'evoluzione di questo mercato ne analizzano i vantaggi e gli svantaggi.
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Tucci, Walter. « La mobilità sociale nella società contadina della campagna torinese (XVII secolo) ». Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse porte sur les questions de mobilité sociale et géographique et sur les mécanismes qui les rendent possibles dans une société rurale de l'Ancien Régime. Le case study choisi est la communauté rurale de Lucento, un ancien fief médiéval situé sur le territoire - finaggio — de la ville de Turin, qui, capitale du duché de Savoie, va devenir au XVIIe le principal centre économique et administratif du Piémont. L’expansion de la ville produit des effets irréversibles sur les campagnes environnantes : la demande de biens alimentaires et surtout des fourrages et de foin (les rendements sont élevés grâce à la culture du trèfle) favorise la transformation rapide des contrats agraires, le déclin du métayage et le progrès des locations de fermes employant des salariés, la formation d’une couche moyenne rurale. Combinant macroanalyse (évolution des prix, marché foncier et urbaine, rapport rente/revenu agricole, salaires) et techniques de la microhistoire, cette thèse permet d’observer en plein XVIIe une expérience alors rare, celle d’une croissance urbaine forte dans sa composante « rurale ». L’analyse de la diversité spatiale des choix techniques (l’exemple des fumures est le plus frappant), des choix contractuels, de l'évolution des exploitations et plus encore des flux des populations, débouchent à la fois sur une microanalyse de trajectoires individuelles et familiales, surtout métayer et fermier, et sur le phénomènes de mobilité entre société paysanne et urbaine. Enfin, avec la mise en évidence de phénomènes de structure le rôle de Turin rappelle ici celui repéré pur le fermes de la région parisiennes tout comme les effects de Londres sur le migrations anglaiseThis research focuses on issues of social and geographical mobility and the mechanisms that make them possible in a rural society of the Ancien Régime, in the seventeenth century. The case study is the rural community of Lucento, ancient medieval fief located on the territory of the city of Turin the capital of the Duchy of Savoia that’s becoming the main economic and administrative center of the western Piedmont. The expansion of the city produces irreversible affects on the surrounding countryside : the demand for food products and most of all forage and hay (yields are high thanks to the cultivation of clover) promotes the rapid transformation of agrarian contracts, declining sharecropping and progress rentals farms employing wage labor, the formation of a rural middle class. Combining macro analysis (price developments, land and urban market, land revenue/farm income, wages) and techniques of microhistory, this thesis make it possible to observe in the seventeenth an experience so rare : a strong urban growth in its component “rural” or “not urban”. The analysis of the spatial diversity of technical options (the case of the manure is the most striking), contractual choice, the evolution of exploitations and most of all flows of people, lead to both a microanalysis of individual and family trajectories, sharecropper and tenant farmer, and the phenomena of mobility between urban and rural society. Finally, thanks to the identification of structural phenomena, the role of Turin recalled here the farms of Bassin Parisiens as well as the effects of english migration in London in the early modern history
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Vezzoli, Valentina <1980>. « Società rurale ed élite militare nella Siria medievale : l'evidenza ceramica dai siti di Apamea e Shayzar ». Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/123.
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Bouatrous, Noureddine. « Les enjeux socioéconomiques et politiques de l’agriculture familiale paysanne en Algérie : cas de la région jijelienne ». Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080046/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’agriculture familiale apparait comme une alternative pour lutter contre la dépendance aux transnationales et au flux des marchés mondiaux de produits agricoles. Aujourd’hui, de nombreuses études montrent l’efficacité économique de l’agriculture familiale, de son dynamisme et de sa capacité à innover et à s’adapter sans oublier bien sûr, sa capacité à fournir des emplois à plus d’un milliard d’habitants dans les pays du Sud et à contribuer au PIB de ces pays.Ce travail analyse la place qu’occupe l’agriculture familiale rurale au sein d’une économie locale et son rapport avec les acteurs économiques, la population et le marché mais il va aussi essayer de faire ressortir l’influence de cette activité sur les rapports sociaux et sur l’évolution de l’agriculture elle-même. Ajoutons à cela les nouveaux défis qu’elle a à relever : tels que son nouveau cadre juridique, la question foncière, la gestion de l’eau, la pluriactivité, la polyculture, les flux migratoires et leur impact sur les communautés paysannes. L’objet de cette recherche porte sur la région de Jijel que nous connaissons pour l’avoir étudiée pendant nos études de graduation. L’importance de l’agriculture familiale dans cette région a attiré notre attention autant par la population concernée que par le type d’agriculture, sa variété en cultures maraichères, son arboriculture, son apiculture et son élevage. Le problème du dépaysannement du monde rural local, ces dernières années, généré par plusieurs facteurs va prendre aussi une place importante dans notre travailFamily farming appears to be an alternative to tackling dependence on transnational companies and the flow of global markets for agricultural products. Today, many studies show the economic efficiency of family farming, its dynamism and its ability to innovate and adapt. Without forgetting, of course, its capacity to provide employment to more than a billion people in the southern countries, and its contribution to the P.I.B of these countries.This work will demonstrate the role of rural family farming in a local economy, and its relation with the economic actors, population, and the market. But also, on one hand the influence of this activity on social relations. And the influence exerted by societal changes on family farming, on the other hand. Adding to this, the new challenges it must free; such as: the new legal framework, the land issue, water management, pluriactivity, polyculture, migratory flows and their impact on peasant communities.The Jijel area will be our ground for this study. This field we know well, thanks to the work that we carried out during our graduation studies. The importance of family farming in the region has attracted our attention, through the existence of different vegetable crops, arboriculture, olive growing, beekeeping and various livestock farms. The problem of disorientation of local rural areas in recent years driven by several factors will also take an important place in our work
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Boulaarach, Fatiha. « Société rurale et organisation de l'espace à Mesfioua : Le Haouz de Marrakech ». Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20059.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ce travail rapporte l'evolution geographique de mesfioua, situee au sud de marrakech, dans le haouz et d'une de ses communes: sidi-ghiat. Cette evolution est conditionnee par la nature de la zone etudiee, reunissant une meme population travaillant simultanement des zones de plaine et de montagne et obligee, en raison de l'appauvrissement du sol, de migrer au fil des saisons, soit vers la plaine riche, soit vers la montagne a l'agriculture plus precaire. Ces migrations sont ancestrales, rythmees par les besoins de l'elevage et de ses transhumances, rythmees aussi par les cultures d'hiver et d'ete. L'hydrologie a du etre adaptee au fil des generations et des besoins nouveaux, modelee selon l'evolution des exploitants agricoles, epoque apres epoque, ciselee par la succession des modeles agricoles imposes par les autorites politiques successives: caidalisme d'abord, avec ses methodes traditionnelles, protectorat colonial, avec ses innovations techniques, puis independance, ayant a affronter explosion demographique et appauvrissement du aux coutumes coloniales instautant la primaute du citadin proprietaire sur le paysan local, peu a peu depossede. C'est l'emergence des paysans sans terre qui caracterise l'evolution de la terre prise de plus en plus pour un moyen de survie et dont la mise en valeur vient au second plan, avec un rendement de court terme et de courte vue, tant de la part des paysans appauvris que des lointains proprietaires citadins. L'objectif de ce travail sera celui d'une incontournable prise de conscience de l'imperieuse necessite d'une preservation de la terre, sinon de sa mise en valeur, a moyen et long termes pour les generations suivantes, afin que cesse l'appauvrissement, par le biais d'un remembrement oblige et concerte et que la notion de paysan sans terre puisse ceder la place par ce biais a celle d'un paysan responsabilite par un interessement au produit de sa terreThis study reports the geographic evolution of mesfioua, situated in the south of marrakech in the haouz, and of one of its communes : sidi-ghiat. Its evolution is determined by the nature of the region studied. The population works both in the plains and in the mountains and, because of the poverty of the soil, must migrate with the seasons, between the rich plain and the mountain where agriculture is more precarious. These are traditional migrations that follow the rhythm of livestock transhumance and summer and winter crops. The hydrology has had to become adapted over the generations. New needs were modelled by the evolution of the farmers over the various epochs, and the succession of agricultural policies imposed by the authorities in power : first feudalism (kaidalism) with its traditional methods, followed by the colonial protectorate with its technical innovations, then independence - faced with the demographic explosion and impoverishment due to the colonial custom of favouring city-dwelling land owners rather than the local farmers who were steadily dispossessed. It is the emergence of these landless farmers which is the primary factor in the evolution of the land. The land has been increasingly taken to be a means of survival and its valorisation has become secondary. Yields are short-sightedly considered for the immediate future both by the impoverished farmers and by the distant land owners in the cities. The aim of this work is to reach an inevitable awareness of the imperative necessity to preserve the land and valorise it, in the middle and long term for the following generations so as to halt its impoverishment. This should be done by compulsory and concerted regrouping of the land and by getting the notion accepted that landless farmers should be succeeded, in this way, by farmers with a responsible attitude gained through interest in the product of the land
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Clark, Mark William. « A society transformed : a political analysis of rural Malay society ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28165.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis presents a political analysis of rural Malay society in Peninsular Malaysia. Like other traditional societies in Southeast Asia, Peninsular Malaysia has had to contend with the intrusion of economic modernization and the adoption of western democratic institutions and processes. These influences have had a profound affect on how politics is conducted in these states. Since governments must now acquire and maintain the support of a largely rural based population through the electoral principle, these governments must link their bureaucracies and political structures with the peasant in order to maintain stability for their governing bodies. One important way of achieving this goal is to coopt into the institutions of state, those persons viewed by the villager as leaders of their community.
What, then, becomes the glue which bonds the villager to state institutions? That glue is the patron-client relationship. The coopting of a patron produces the necessary linkage between state institutions and the villager. But in order for this connection process to be completed, these leaders must in turn connect with higher level leaders (patrons) who operate within pyramidal structures of patron-client relationships throughout the various levels of the bureaucracy and political structures. I refer to these linkage connections as "linchpins".
By examining a number of village case studies in Peninsular Malaysia, I provide evidence that the nature of the patron-client relationship has been transformed by the modern state influences. The political dominance of the government has created patron-client structures influenced by the political institutions (e.g., political parties). This political influence has weakened the ability of the bureaucracy to function with any effective linchpins between it and the villager. On the other hand, the political influence has strengthened the linchpin connections between the villager and the politicians. The effects of this dominance has not only shifted patron-client relationships but also has created the environment for either alliance formation, through the existing power structure as factions (within a political party, for example), or has created the potential for peasant group action which could be manifested in protest movements generated outside the patron-client structure. The result could be a weakening or dissolution of patron-client structures. Combine these possibilities and the result will be inimical to state stability.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Viallard, Marianne. « Les campagnes toulousaines sous le Premier Empire, 1804-1814 : droit et société ». Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10045.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Napoléon Ier s'est attaché à surveiller le monde rural à la fois pour assurer le ravitaillement des armées et pour prévenir toute pénurie de grains pouvant conduire à des troubles. Le gouvernement multiplie les interventions par des enquêtes statistiques, des encouragements, voire des mesures plus autoritaires en période de crises. En parallèle, l'empereur tente de donner un cadre juridique à la vie rurale en élaborant un Code rural, tentative qui rejoint la volonté impériale d'unification de l'ensemble du droit. Les ruraux voient en outre leurs habitudes séculaires bouleversées par le maintien des réformes révolutionnaires et la promulgation des Codes civil et pénal qui ignorent les traditions locales. Ces mesures se heurtent à une grande résistance. L'objectif de cette étude est de montrer comment les cultivateurs haut-garonnais, souvent appuyés par les autorités locales, s'opposent par tous les moyens aux initiatives impériales, faisant du département un grand foyer de résistanceNapoleon I endeavours to supervise the rural world to insure the provisioning of the armies and to avoid any scarcity of grains being able to lead to discorders. The government thus goes to multiply the interventions by statistical surveys, encouragements, or by more authoritarian measures in periods of crises. In parallel, the emperor tries to give a legal frame to the rural life by elaborating a rural Code, attempt which participates from the imperial will of unification of the whole law. The farmers also see their secular customs upset by the preservation of the revolutionary reforms and by the promulgation of the civil and penal Codes which ignore local traditions. All these proposals are thus going to collide with a big resistance. The objective of this study is to show how the farmers in Haute-Garonne, often supported by the local authorities, oppose by all the means at their disposal to the imperial initiatives, making of the departement a large place of resistance
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Gómez-Sierra, Fabio Aldemar. « Vins et paysans dans le Boyacá, Colombie : indicateurs d'un changement technique dans la société rurale ». Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE2008/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La présente étude anthropologique est une description d’activités multiples qui résultent de la création (1982) et de l’extension (1999) d’un projet vitivinicole au sein de l’agriculture traditionnelle paysanne du haut-plateau tropical andin, dans le département du Boyacá – Colombie. Habitée par l’une des plus nombreuses communautés rurales du pays, l’économie de cette région a connu un important processus historique de déterritorialisation et son économie a longtemps dépendu des activités d’élevage de petits producteurs installés sur de très petites propriétés. L’histoire de cette région nous enseigne que peu de mesures spécialisées (mises en œuvre en tant que techniques) ont été appliquées à sa production agricole traditionnelle. Il s’agit là d’un élément décisif pour comprendre les conditions actuelles de pauvreté de beaucoup des habitants de la région, en particulier ceux des zones rurales, dans la mesure où, dans l’accès aux ressources végétales, minérales et animales, les techniques utilisées jouent un rôle décisif. Les acteurs principaux, dans ce domaine, ont été surtout des religieux, des politiques ou des militaires. L’émergence d’un acteur social détenteur d’un savoir spécialisé susceptible d’être appliqué à la tradition agricole de cette région par le biais de la création du “Projet vitivinicole de la Valle del Sol et territoires limitrophes”, dans le département du Boyacá, est le centre analytique et scientifique de notre étude. A partir d’une analyse historique, économique et descriptive, nous avons pu déduire que l’évolution technique et technologique dans la région n’avait pas été significative du point de vue de la production agricoleThis anthropological study describes multiple activities initiated through the creation in (1982) and subsequent extension in (1999) of a wine-making project conducted in the high Andean altiplano with a group of farmers of the Department of Boyaca in Colombia. This region has undergone a historical process of deterritorialization. Nowadays, it is the home of a robust peasant population which heavily relies on numerous small properties known as minifundios and micro-minifundios, which are generally farmed by peasant households on hillsides. From this study, it is argued that the application of specialized information (based on specialized methods) to agriculture has been very limited in the region of our study. Therefore, this lack of specialized practices has contributed to the significant level of poverty these communities face, especially the rural dwellers. This is to say, agricultural practices represent a decisive factor for the use of natural resources and cultural development. In the particular case of vegetable and mineral exploitation, this study argues that the current practices have mostly been led by priests, politicians and military authorities. Thus, the need for a science-based approach entwined with cultural traditions of the local peasant communities encouraged the creation of this study called Proyecto vitivinícola del Valle del Sol y territorios afines, and carried out in above mentioned region. From a descriptive and economic standpoint, we claim that there has been a scarce or nonexistent technical and technological agricultural development in the region
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Gammon, V. A. F. « Popular music in rural society : Sussex 1815-1914 ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370433.
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O'Kane, Clare. « A society in transition : society, identity and nostalgia in rural Northern Ireland, 1939-1968 ». Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557643.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis is a study of social and cultural change in rural Northern Ireland from the outbreak of the Second . World War in 1939 to the late 1960s, a period in which rural society was undergoing transition. This study charts the progress of that transition, addressing the ambiguity of a period in which rural people were faced with the struggle between old and new, the narrowing gap between country and city and the loss of rural identity that came with modernisation and standardisation. This thesis also, examines how rural life in the middle decades of the twentieth century is explored in imaginative literature about the countryside written at the time and in the recorded memory of rural. people casting a backward glance on their own past. This study, therefore, not only provides a social and cultural history of rural Northern Ireland during the 1940s and 1950s, but it also examines how this rural society in transition was both represented and remembered. The thesis begins with a chapter which examines the ways in which the Second World War acted as a catalyst for change in the Northern Ireland countryside. Chapter two and three explore how this process of change continued in the post-war period, looking at how ordinary rural people adapted to social reform and cultural evolution. Chapter four considers literary interpretations of the rural at time when traditional rural identities were under threat. Finally, this thesis argues that the process of accelerated change that took place in rural Northern Ireland from the 1940s to the 1960s has had a significant impact on how this period is remembered by rural people. Rural life underwent such a transformation during this time, and so few tangible links to the past remain, that those looking back often do so with nostalgia.
Livres sur le sujet "Società rurale"
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Convegno di studi su "Sviluppo rurale : società, territorio, impresa" (2000 Florence, Italy). Sviluppo rurale : Società, territorio, impresa. Milano, Italy : FrancoAngeli, 2002.
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Panico, Pierpaolo. Un principato rurale : Terra, società e potere politico a Tricase nel Settecento. Ariccia (RM) : Aracne editrice int.le S.r.l., 2015.
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Agricoltura e società rurale in Terra d'Otranto tra XVIII e XIX secolo. Galatina (Le) : Congedo editore, 2013.
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Campagne toscane in età moderna : Agricoltura e società rurale : secoli XVI-XIX. Galatina (Lecce) : Congedo, 2002.
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Maffi, Luciano. Storia di un territorio rurale : Vigne e vini nell'Oltrepò Pavese : ambiente, società, economia. Milano, Italy : FrancoAngeli, 2010.
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Villani, Pasquale. Società rurale e ceti dirigenti (XVIII-XX secolo) : Pagine di storia e storiografia. Napoli : Morano, 1989.
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Storia di un territorio rurale : Vigne e vini nell'Oltrepò Pavese : ambiente, società, economia. Milano, Italy : FrancoAngeli, 2010.
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Giuliana, Biagioli, Pazzagli Rossano et Tolaini Roberto, dir. Le "corse agrarie" : Lo sguardo del Giornale agrario toscano sulla società rurale dell'Ottocento. Pisa : Pacini, 2000.
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La formazione dell'Italia economica contemporanea e i suoi problemi : Finanza pubblica, società rurale, emigrazione, tenore di vita. Napoli : Edizioni scientifiche italiane, 2003.
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Sauro, Gelichi, dir. Campagne medievali : Strutture materiali, economia e società nell'insediamento rurale dell'Italia settentrionale : VIII-X secolo : atti del convegno, Nonantola (Modena), San Giovanni in Persiceto (Bologna), 14-15 marzo 2003. Mantova : SAP, 2005.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Società rurale"
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Hindle, Steve. « Rural Society ». Dans The European World 1500–1800, 51–60. 4e éd. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003140801-7.
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Hu, Yi. « A Risk Society ». Dans Rural Health Care Delivery, 179–93. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39982-4_17.
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Winstanley, Michael. « Agriculture and Rural Society ». Dans A Companion to Nineteenth-Century Britain, 205–22. Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470997147.ch13.
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Cerman, Markus. « Rural Economy and Society ». Dans A Companion to Eighteenth-Century Europe, 47–65. Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444303032.ch3.
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Klüter, Helmut. « „B-Society“ und Zweitwohnsitze in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ». Dans Think Rural !, 275–80. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-03931-8_23.
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Share, Perry, Geoffrey Lawrence et Ian Gray. « Rural Australia ». Dans A Sociology of Australian Society, 554–83. London : Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15184-4_18.
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Bradshaw, Sarah. « Women in Chilean Rural Society ». Dans Neo-Liberal Agriculture in Rural Chile, 110–26. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10794-0_6.
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Datta, Anjan Kumar. « Rural Society and the State ». Dans Land and Labour Relations in South-West Bangladesh, 206–28. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26678-4_6.
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Zhu, Suli. « Legal Personnel in Rural Society ». Dans China Academic Library, 215–32. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1142-9_9.
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Bhutoria, Abhishek. « Understanding ‘Rural’ and Village Society ». Dans Springer Geography, 519–34. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25879-5_23.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Società rurale"
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GUSTA, Sandra. « TRAGEDY IN ZOLITUDE – A LESSON FOR CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY ». Dans Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.017.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Our modern society insists on the countryside reaching into the city. To make the urban environment more beautiful we make green roofs and improve the backyards by designing children’s playgrounds and organizing recreational zones. We create a sustainable environment for future generations to have a comfortable life. However, one must not forget that the attractive green roofs of buildings are serious engineered structures. First and foremost the safety issues have to be taken into consideration during the construction and operation stages. On November 21, 2013 Maxima shopping center’s roof collapsed in Riga, Latvia causing 54 deaths and creating international news. The collapse of the supermarket in the Latvian capital Riga has been described as "murder", by the country's president Andris Berzins. It is the deadliest disaster in Latvia since it regained independence in 1991. The causes of the collapse need to be studied in detail. This report is the authors’ independent attempt to find the cause based on photographic evidence and literature observes. This article is based on a study conducted by the students and teachers of Latvia University of Agriculture. The article provides the reasons for this tragedy basing on the analysis. The author considers that the tragedy was the result of the coincidence of circumstances caused by mistakes in the calculation of building structures.
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ČIULDĖ, Edvardas, et Asta STEIKŪNIENĖ. « SOCRATES AND KNOWLEDGE-BASED SOCIETY, OR RURAL TRACE IN THE DIALOGUE CULTURE ». Dans Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.112.
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Knowledge is the engine of change in every society, and within this structure, training of philosophical perception is essential. This article analyses how modern philosophical education is compatible with the ideal of knowledge society – how teaching material changes when knowledge becomes a commodity. The article searches for parallels between the opposition among the sophists and Socrates and the modern day approach to fostering a culture of dialogue, focusing on knowledge and innovation society.
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Romanowski, Robert, et Marcin Lewicki. « Rural society in placemarketing – methodological aspects ». Dans International Scientific Days 2016 : : The Agri-Food Value Chain : Challenges for Natural Resources Management and Society. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/isd2016.s7.16.
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RIVERA, Maria, Alina SEEBACHER et José Maria DIAZ PUENTE. « RURAL ECONOMY : A GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE ». Dans Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.083.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the political system and in public perception, the well-functioning of economy is frequently equalled to the output of the national economy–that is, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, during the last decades, this narrow conception of economic prosperity started to erode. This paper describes the scientific discussion surrounding the topic of “economy” in rural places, with the objective of exploring who is setting the agenda and which themes are prevalent. We examine 102 journal papers published during the last decade and design a methodological frame based on Nvivo10 software which combines quantitative analysis of geographical attributes (geographical location; journal’s precedence; author’s institution) and qualitative content analysis of the selected articles. Our results put forward that “rural economy” is conceptually linked to different societal spheres in areas such as development and progress, society and community, resources and sustainability. However, it is authors coming from developed countries the ones that mainly treat this issue and base their studies mainly on developing countries. Therefore it can be concluded that scientific discourse around rural economy deals with issues of interest to developed countries, but that it has, however, started to get linked to social and environmental aspects, and it is through achieving a balance between them that rural prosperity will be achieved.
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URBANS, Mihails, Jeļena MALAHOVA et Jānis IEVIŅŠ. « CIVIL DEFENSE SYSTEM IN LATVIA AND IDENTIFIED DRAWBACKS IN RIGA ». Dans RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.055.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article considers Latvian Civil Defence System (hereinafter referred to as CD), how it works in cases of possible threats, how CS system protects the safety of people and national economy as well as the interests of the entire society in case of a catastrophe; types of CD system safety measures, provision thereof, what processes affect CD system in Riga; attitude of responsible state institutions towards national safety system and environment. Based on the abovementioned, we will review how the society itself has influenced its own safety and based on its outcome we will see what protection measures should be provided from the standpoint of safe human and social life, why the drawbacks, deficiencies and indifferent attitude are allowed in relation to the safety system processes in the country and Riga. In the aspect of CD regulatory enactments methodology, an attempt is made to explain the current drawbacks in safety processes of tasks to be fulfilled by the municipality by means of calculations thus identifying the reasons that all emergency situations, breakdowns, catastrophes resulting from technogenic and natural risks depend on the attitude of state institutions, local governments and the society towards the safety, and on general economic situation.
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Tomsikova, Katerina, Karel Tomsik et Karel Nemejc. « Teacher’s Prestige in Contemporary Czech Society ». Dans 13th International Scientific Conference "Rural Environment. Education. Personality. (REEP)". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Engineering. Institute of Education and Home Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/reep.2020.054.
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MERKYS, Gediminas, Daiva BUBELIENE et Nijolė ČIUČIULKIENĖ. « SATISFACTION OF RURAL POPULATION WITH PUBLIC SERVICES IN THE REGIONS : ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS ». Dans RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.154.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The key idea of the well-being concept strives to answer the question about how well the needs of people in a society are met in different spheres of social life - the physical, economic, social, educational, environmental, emotional, and spiritual – as well as individuals’ evaluations of their own lives and the way that their society operates (Gilbert, Colley, Roberts, 2016). One of the possible suggestions for answering the question: “How well are the needs of people in a society met?” could be the monitoring of citizen’s satisfaction with public services while applying a standardized questionnaire for population covering 193 primary indicators (health, social security, culture, public transport, utilities, environment, recreation and sport, public communication, education, etc). Even 23 indicators are about education that makes educational services a considerable part of all social service system. As the researchers aimed to analyze satisfaction of rural population with public services stressing the education issue, indicators about education dominated in the survey. The data were collected in 2016 - 2017 in 2 regional municipalities: municipalities: Jonava and Radviliskis (N=2368). The results of the analysis demonstrate that rural residents' satisfaction with formal general education services is relatively high. The only negative exception is the "the placement of a child in a pre-school institution based on the place of residence". Furthermore, rural residents poorly evaluated educational services that are related to non-formal education, adult education, the education of children with disabilities, child safety, meaningful xtracurricular activities of children and young people during all day, preventive programs. These major conclusions let the researchers state that local self-governmental institutions are not capable to cope with the quality challenges of some educational services without special intervention policy of the central government and the EU responsible structural units. A negative impact is also reinforced by a rapidly deteriorating demographic situation in Lithuanian rural areas.
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Zaylalov, Ildus I. « Glocalization As An Element Of Global Society Processes ». Dans Conference on Land Economy and Rural Studies Essentials. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.07.111.
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Metra, Ritvars, et Signe Dobelniece. « Society in the shackles of surveillance capitalism ». Dans 23rd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2022”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2022.56.031.
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The rapid development of information and communications technologies has changed the lives of both - society as a whole and individuals in it. The world is becoming a huge system for gathering, storing, and sharing information. Large amounts of data are collected, stored, analysed, and used for commercial purposes. Prominent American sociologist Shoshana Zuboff calls this process "surveillance capitalism." This paper aims to analyse the tools of surveillance capitalism and the influence of surveillance capitalism on public choices and behaviour. It is based on empirical information collected using several research methods - a survey (n = 204), semi-structured interviews (n = 5), and qualitative content analysis. The paper analyses three popular surveillance capitalists' online tools - Google search, Facebook, and Twitter and gives insights into society's preferences and behaviour patterns concerning ways of obtaining information and attitudes towards privacy and self-censorship. The research concludes that the tools created by surveillance capitalists have become an integral part of social life, and they dominate the process of interaction. They make life easier but their uncritical acceptance can be dangerous. Since surveillance capitalism has taken the stage, society members often uncritically, even ignorantly, treat current reality in which the everydayness data about user's life are the free raw material for surveillance capitalists, thus contributing to surveillance capitalism and its threats to defined privacy principles and democracy.
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Rodriguez, Arnoldo, et Rogelio Najera. « Towards ICT4D in a rural region using robotics to promote technological capability ». Dans 2015 International Conference on Information Society (i-Society). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i-society.2015.7366868.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Società rurale"
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Slätmo, Elin, Ágúst Bogason, Anna Vasilevskaya et Hilma Salonen. Essential rural services in the Nordic Region – Challenges and opportunities. Nordregio, mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2022:1.1403-2503.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The objective of this knowledge overview of the project “Service provision and access to services in Nordic rural areas – secure, trusted and for all ages” is to analyse how essential service needs for different types of societal groups and ruralities can be understood and defined, and how solutions to rural service provision challenges can be organised.
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Islam, Asiya, et Preeti Manchanda. Gender Inequalities in Digital India : A survey on digital literacy, access, and use. Digital Futures at Work Research Centre (Digit), janvier 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/mcuu2363.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper reports the main findings from a survey on gender inequalities in digital literacy, use, and access among youth (18-25 years) in three parts of India – Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar. In addition to gender, the survey was attentive to other inequalities too in its enquiry about the location (urban/rural), caste, household income, and education level of the respondents. This paper largely presents inequalities of gender as they intersect with urban/rural location since other variables, while important, yielded smaller numbers that need further careful analysis. The survey was informed by various contemporary developments – global growth in the use of digital technology for education, employment, and everyday lives; Covid-19 pandemic that has accelerated this growth; and the Digital India programme that aims to empower citizens through digital skilling. The survey, then, set out to explore the nature and implications of social inequalities in a society moving towards digital empowerment. The survey findings reveal overwhelming dependence among young people on smartphones for internet access and that entertainment and social media are the top uses of the internet. The survey also finds that women, particularly in rural areas, are less likely than men to exclusively own smartphones. That is, the smartphones that women have access to tend to be ‘household phones’, shared with other members of the family. This has consequences for the time and purposes that women are able to use smartphones and internet for. Based on these findings, the paper proposes avenues for further research on intersectional inequalities in digital literacy, access, and use. It also suggests policy interventions to maximise the potential of digital technology for education and employment, with specific attention to gender inequalities.
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Cedergren, Elin, Diana Huynh, Michael Kull, John Moodie, Hjördís Rut Sigurjónsdóttir et Mari Wøien Meijer. Public service delivery in the Nordic Region : An exercise in collaborative governance. Nordregio, février 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2021:2.2001-3876.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Now, more than ever, is Nordic collaboration required across all levels of governance to help overcome the devastating socio-economic impacts of the pandemic and to solve the shared challenges posed by climate change and growing urban-rural divides. This policy brief examines six good practice examples of collaborative public service delivery from across the Nordic Region, highlighting the main drivers, challenges and enablers of collaboration and the replication potential of these Nordic collaborative examples. The policy brief finds that new and innovative models of Nordic collaboration are constantly emerging thanks to rapid technological developments that are helping to bring stakeholders together to solve common societal challenges. The high levels of cooperation outlined indicate that collaborative governance is continually evolving within the Nordic context.
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Pickard, Justin, Shilpi Srivastava, Mihir R. Bhatt et Lyla Mehta. SSHAP In-Focus : COVID-19, Uncertainty, Vulnerability and Recovery in India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), novembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.011.
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This paper addresses COVID-19 in India, looking at how the interplay of inequality, vulnerability, and the pandemic has compounded uncertainties for poor and marginalised groups, leading to insecurity, stigma and a severe loss of livelihoods. A strict government lockdown destroyed the incomes of farmers and urban informal workers and triggered an exodus of migrant workers from Indian cities, a mass movement which placed additional pressures on the country's rural communities. Elsewhere in the country, lockdown restrictions and pandemic response have coincided with heatwaves, floods and cyclones, impeding disaster response and relief. At the same time, the pandemic has been politicised to target minority groups (such as Muslims, Dalits), suppress dissent, and undermine constitutional values. The paper focuses on how COVID-19 has intersected with and multiplied existing uncertainties faced by different vulnerable groups and communities in India who have remained largely invisible in India's development story. With the biggest challenge for government now being to mitigate the further fall of millions of people into extreme poverty, the brief also reflects on pathways for recovery and transformation, including opportunities for rural revival, inclusive welfare, and community response. This brief is based on a review of existing published and grey literature, and 23 interviews with experts and practitioners from 12 states in India, including representation from domestic and international NGOs, and local civil society organisations. It was developed for the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) by Justin Pickard, Shilpi Srivastava, Lyla Mehta (IDS), and Mihir R. Bhatt. Some of the cases draw on ongoing research of the TAPESTRY project, which explores bottom-up transformations in marginal environments across India and Bangladesh.
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Kamminga, Jorrit, Cristina Durán et Miguel Ángel Giner Bou. Zahra : A policewoman in Afghanistan. Oxfam, décembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6959.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As part of Oxfam’s Strategic Partnership project ‘Towards a Worldwide Influencing Network’, the graphic story Zahra: A policewoman in Afghanistan was developed by Jorrit Kamminga, Cristina Durán and Miguel Ángel Giner Bou. The project is funded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands. The graphic story is part of a long-standing Oxfam campaign that supports the inclusion and meaningful participation of women in the Afghan police. The story portrays the struggles of a young woman from a rural village who wants to become a police officer. While a fictional character, Zahra’s story represents the aspirations and dreams of many young Afghan women who are increasingly standing up for their rights and equal opportunities, but who are still facing structural societal and institutional barriers. For young women like Zahra, there are still few role models and male champions to support their cause. Yet, as Oxfam’s project has shown, their number is growing, which contributes to small shifts in behaviour and perceptions, gradually normalizing women’s presence in the police force. If a critical mass of women within the police force can be reached and their participation increasingly becomes meaningful, this can reduce the societal and institutional resistance over time. Oxfam hopes the fictional character of Zahra can contribute to that in terms of awareness raising and the promotion of women’s participation in the police force. The story is also available on the #IMatter website.
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Haider, Huma. Political Empowerment of Women, Girls and LGBTQ+ People : Post-conflict Opportunities. Institute of Development Studies, juin 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.108.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The instability and upheaval of violent conflict can break down patriarchal structures, challenge traditional gender norms and open up new roles and spaces for collective agency of women, sexual and gender minorities (SGM), and other marginalised groups (Yadav, 2021; Myrittinen & Daigle, 2017). A recent study on the gendered implications of civil war finds that countries recovering from ‘major civil war’ experience substantial improvements in women’s civil liberties and political participation—complementary aspects of political empowerment (Bakken & Bahaug, 2020). This rapid literature review explores the openings that conflict and post-conflict settings can create for the development of political empowerment of women and LGBTQ+ communities—as well as challenges. Drawing primarily on a range of academic, non-governmental organisation (NGO), and practitioner literature, it explores conflict-affected settings from around the world. There was limited literature available on experience from Ukraine (which was of interest for this report); and on specific opportunities at the level of local administrations. In addition, the available literature on empowerment of LGBTQ+ communities was much less than that available for women’s empowerment. The literature also focused on women, with an absence of information on girls. It is important to note that while much of the literature speaks to women in society as a whole, there are various intersectionalities (e.g. class, race, ethnicity, religion, age, disability, rural/urban etc.) that can produce varying treatment and degrees of empowerment of women. Several examples are noted within the report.
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Bhatt, Mihir R., Shilpi Srivastava, Megan Schmidt-Sane et Lyla Mehta. Key Considerations : India's Deadly Second COVID-19 Wave : Addressing Impacts and Building Preparedness Against Future Waves. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.031.
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Since February 2021, countless lives have been lost in India, which has compounded the social and economic devastation caused by the second wave of COVID-19. The sharp surge in cases across the country overwhelmed the health infrastructure, with people left scrambling for hospital beds, critical drugs, and oxygen. As of May 2021, infections began to come down in urban areas. However, the effects of the second wave continued to be felt in rural areas. This is the worst humanitarian and public health crisis the country has witnessed since independence; while the continued spread of COVID-19 variants will have regional and global implications. With a slow vaccine rollout and overwhelmed health infrastructure, there is a critical need to examine India's response and recommend measures to further arrest the current spread of infection and to prevent and prepare against future waves. This brief is a rapid social science review and analysis of the second wave of COVID-19 in India. It draws on emerging reports, literature, and regional social science expertise to examine reasons for the second wave, explain its impact, and highlight the systemic issues that hindered the response. This brief puts forth vital considerations for local and national government, civil society, and humanitarian actors at global and national levels, with implications for future waves of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries. This review is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on the COVID-19 response in India. It was developed for SSHAP by Mihir R. Bhatt (AIDMI), Shilpi Srivastava (IDS), Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), and Lyla Mehta (IDS) with input and reviews from Deepak Sanan (Former Civil Servant; Senior Visiting Fellow, Centre for Policy Research), Subir Sinha (SOAS), Murad Banaji (Middlesex University London), Delhi Rose Angom (Oxfam India), Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica) and Santiago Ripoll (IDS). It is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Adegoke, Damilola, Natasha Chilambo, Adeoti Dipeolu, Ibrahim Machina, Ade Obafemi-Olopade et Dolapo Yusuf. Public discourses and Engagement on Governance of Covid-19 in Ekiti State, Nigeria. African Leadership Center, King's College London, décembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47697/lab.202101.
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Numerous studies have emerged so far on Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) across different disciplines. There is virtually no facet of human experience and relationships that have not been studied. In Nigeria, these studies include knowledge and attitude, risk perception, public perception of Covid-19 management, e-learning, palliatives, precautionary behaviours etc.,, Studies have also been carried out on public framing of Covid-19 discourses in Nigeria; these have explored both offline and online messaging and issues from the perspectives of citizens towards government’s policy responses such as palliative distributions, social distancing and lockdown. The investigators of these thematic concerns deployed different methodological tools in their studies. These tools include policy evaluations, content analysis, sentiment analysis, discourse analysis, survey questionnaires, focus group discussions, in depth-interviews as well as machine learning., These studies nearly always focus on the national government policy response, with little or no focus on the constituent states. In many of the studies, the researchers work with newspaper articles for analysis of public opinions while others use social media generated contents such as tweets) as sources for analysis of sentiments and opinions. Although there are others who rely on the use of survey questionnaires and other tools outlined above; the limitations of these approaches necessitated the research plan adopted by this study. Most of the social media users in Nigeria are domiciled in cities and their demography comprises the middle class (socio-economic) who are more likely to be literate with access to internet technologies. Hence, the opinions of a majority of the population who are most likely rural dwellers with limited access to internet technologies are very often excluded. This is not in any way to disparage social media content analysis findings; because the opinions expressed by opinion leaders usually represent the larger subset of opinions prevalent in the society. Analysing public perception using questionnaires is also fraught with its challenges, as well as reliance on newspaper articles. A lot of the newspapers and news media organisations in Nigeria are politically hinged; some of them have active politicians and their associates as their proprietors. Getting unbiased opinions from these sources might be difficult. The news articles are also most likely to reflect and amplify official positions through press releases and interviews which usually privilege elite actors. These gaps motivated this collaboration between Ekiti State Government and the African Leadership Centre at King’s College London to embark on research that will primarily assess public perceptions of government leadership response to Covid-19 in Ekiti State. The timeframe of the study covers the first phase of the pandemic in Ekiti State (March/April to August 2020).
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Latané, Annah, Jean-Michel Voisard et Alice Olive Brower. Les réseaux de producteurs du Sénégal font face à la COVID-19. RTI Press, septembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rr.0045.2106.fr.
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Cette étude a tiré parti d’une infrastructure d’encadrement et de collecte de données et de relations préalables légué par le projet Feed the Future Sénégal Naatal Mbay (« agriculture florissante »), financé par l’Agence des États-Unis pour le développement international (USAID) et mis en œuvre par RTI International entre 2015 et 2019. Réalisée en 2020, la recherche a intégré des organisations de producteurs pour qu’elles puissent suivre les ménages ruraux membres de leurs réseaux alors qu’ils faisaient face à la pandémie de COVID-19 et tentaient de réagir à ce choc. Les organisations de producteurs, avec le soutien de RTI et de la société-conseil locale STATINFO, ont réalisé une enquête sur un échantillon de 800 ménages agricoles membres de quatre organisations de producteurs soutenus par Naatal Mbay, réalisée en deux passages successifs, en août et octobre 2020. Des groupes de discussion ont été menés avec les responsables des réseaux, ainsi qu’une collecte de données a posteriori ont permis de contextualiser l’expérience face au choc de la COVID-19 et de valider les conclusions. Les conclusions ont montré que les producteurs étaient déjà aux prises des effets des faibles précipitations de la saison de production de 2019 et que la COVID-19 a aggravé ce premier choc du fait des perturbations des communications et des interdictions de déplacements entre les régions, créant ainsi des pénuries alimentaires et exerçant ainsi une pression sur l’utilisation des stocks de semences à des fins alimentaires. Les effets de l’insécurité alimentaire, mesurés par le biais de l’échelle d’accès d’insécurité alimentaire des ménages, se sont avérés être plus importants pour les ménages de Casamance que pour ceux des régions de Kaolack et de Kaffrine. Les conclusions ont également indiqué que les réseaux de producteurs ont déployé une intervention coordonnée incluant aide alimentaire et accès à des équipements de protection individuelle, distribution de semences de légumes et de céréales à cycle court (par exemple, le niébé et le maïs) et des semences adaptées au jardinage, mesures de protection pour les semences de céréales de l’année suivante et innovations financières avec les banques pour sécuriser les crédits. On s’attend à ce que les stocks d’alimentation soient reconstitués au début de la récolte en octobre 2020 et les réseaux prévoient d’accélérer la multiplication des semences, de diversifier les cultures au-delà des céréales, d’améliorer la communication au sein des réseaux et de généraliser l’accès aux instruments financiers au cours de la saison 2021. Les études ont indiqué que le projet antérieur financé par l’USAID est susceptible d'avoir contribué aux capacités de résilience des réseaux en renforçant le capital social et en encourageant le recours à des technologies et outils nouveaux au cours de ses années de fonctionnement.
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Rural Credits Development Fund - Kilakila Builders' Native Society Ltd., Territory of Papua New Guinea, May 1955. Reserve Bank of Australia, mars 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-001889.
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