Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Socialism – Greece – History »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Socialism – Greece – History"
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Slater, Peter. « Dynamic Religion, Formative Culture, and the Demonic in History ». Harvard Theological Review 92, no 1 (janvier 1999) : 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000017879.
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Modern German thought owed much to classical Greece. Yet in philosophy and theology, beginning with Hegel and his contemporaries, the debt to Platonic idealism was radically modified by insistence on the reality of history. Construed dialectically, history became a key to overcoming difficulties with both Platonic and Cartesian dualism left unresolved by Kant. In theology, after World War I dialectical theologians, including Barth and Tillich, embraced in varying degrees the existentialists' critique of Hegelian essentialism and belief in progress. This affected how they understood incarnation in christology, sacramental presence in ecclesiology, and Christian responses to what they saw as the demonic threat of German National Socialism. Anglo-American critics, especially of Tillich, often miss the dialectical nuances of his admittedly abstract theology and his religious socialist response to Marxism.
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Kallis, Aristotle. « Neither Fascist nor Authoritarian : The 4th of August Regime in Greece (1936-1941) and the Dynamics of Fascistisation in 1930s Europe ». East Central Europe 37, no 2-3 (25 mars 2010) : 303–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633010x534504.
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The 4th of August regime in Greece under Ioannis Metaxas has long been treated by theories of ‘generic fascism’ as a minor example of authoritarianism or at most a case of failed fascism. This derives from the ideas that the Metaxas dictatorship did not originate from any original mass ‘fascist’ movement, lacked a genuinely fascist revolutionary ideological core and its figurehead came from a deeply conservative-military background. In addition, the regime balanced the introduction ‘from above’ of certain ‘fascist’ elements (inspired by the regimes in Germany, Italy and Portugal) with a pro-British foreign policy and a strong deference to both the Crown and the church/religion. Nevertheless, in this chapter, I argue that the 4th of August regime should be relocated firmly within the terrain of fascism studies. The establishment and consolidation of the regime in Greece reflected a much wider process of political and ideological convergence and hybridisation between anti-democratic/anti-liberal/anti-socialist conservative forces, on the one hand, and radical rightwing/fascist politics, on the other. It proved highly receptive to specific fascist themes and experiments (such as the single youth organisation, called EON), which it transplanted enthusiastically into its own hybrid of ‘radicalised’ conservatism. Although far less ideologically ‘revolutionary’ compared to Italian Fascism or German National Socialism, the 4th of August regime’s radicalisation between 1936 and 1941 marked a fundamental departure from conventional conservative-authoritarian politics in a direction charted by the broader fascist experience in Europe.
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BEARD, DANIJELA Š., et ELAINE KELLY. « Introduction to the Special Issue on Music and Socialism ». Twentieth-Century Music 16, no 1 (février 2019) : 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478572219000069.
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The end of the twentieth century was marked by a sense of closure for many in the West. The Cold War was over, Western democracy had triumphed, and the future of neoliberalist capitalism seemed secure. The ‘end of history’, as Francis Fukuyama prematurely called it was, of course, short lived.1The new century ushered in a series of economic and political crises that have shakenfin-de-sièclecomplacency to its core. Events ranging from the banking crisis of 2008 and the economic collapse of countries such as Greece to recent scandals surrounding ‘fake news’ and the activities of organizations like Cambridge Analytica have posed serious challenges to the primacy of neoliberalism, capitalism, and contemporary democratic processes. At the same time, the rise of far-right extremism and populism has resulted in bewildering shifts to the political discourses of both Europe and the United States. One response to these unsettling changes has been a resurgence of leftist politics. Over a century after the Russian Revolution of 1917 and fifty years on from the protests of 1968, socialist ideals have found a renewed impetus in the rise of movements such as Occupy, Podemos, Syriza, and grassroots support for politicians such as Bernie Sanders and Jeremy Corbyn.
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Bucur, Maria, Alexandra Ghit, Ayşe Durakbaşa, Ivana Pantelić, Rochelle Goldberg Ruthchild, Elizabeth A. Wood, Anna Müller et al. « Book Reviews ». Aspasia 14, no 1 (1 mars 2020) : 160–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/asp.2020.140113.
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Cristina A. Bejan, Intellectuals and Fascism in Interwar Romania: The Criterion Association, Cham, Switzer land: Palgrave, 2019, 323 pp., €74.89 (hardback), ISBN 978-3-030-20164-7.Chiara Bonfiglioli, Women and Industry in the Balkans: The Rise and Fall of the Yugoslav Textile Sector, London: I. B. Tauris, 2020, 232 pp., £85 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-78533-598-3.Aslı Davaz, Eşitsiz kız kardeşlik, uluslararası ve Ortadoğu kadın hareketleri, 1935 Kongresi ve Türk Kadın Birliği (Unequal sisterhood, international and Middle Eastern women’s movements, 1935 Congress and the Turkish Women’s Union), İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası, 2014, 892 pp., with an introduction by Yıldız Ecevit, pp. xxi–xxviii; preface by the author, pp. xxix–xlix, TL 42 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-605-332-296-2.Biljana Dojčinović and Ana Kolarić, eds., Feministički časopisi u Srbiji: Teorija, aktivizam i umetničke prakse u 1990-im i 2000-im (Feminist periodicals in Serbia: Theory, activism, and artistic practice in the 1990s and 2000s), Belgrade: Faculty of Philology, University of Belgrade, 2018, 370 pp., price not listed (paperback), ISBN: 978-86-6153-515-4.Melanie Ilic, ed., The Palgrave Handbook of Women and Gender in Twentieth-Century Russia and the Soviet Union, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018, 572 pp., $239 (e-book) ISBN: 978-1-137-54904-4; ISBN: 978-1-137-54905-1.Luciana M. Jinga, ed., The Other Half of Communism: Women’s Outlook, in History of Communism in Europe, vol. 8, Bucharest: Zeta Books, 2018, 348 pp., USD 40 (paperback), ISBN: 978-606-697-070-9.Teresa Kulawik and Zhanna Kravchenko, eds., Borderlands in European Gender Studies: Beyond the East-West Frontier, New York: Routledge, 2020, 264 pp., $140.00 (hardback), ISBN: 978-0-367-25896-2.Jill Massino, Ambiguous Transitions: Gender, the State, and Everyday Life in Socialist and Postsocialist Romania, New York: Berghahn Books, 2019, 466 pp., USD 122 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-785-33598-3.Gergana Mircheva, (A)normalnost i dostap do publichnostta: Socialnoinstitucionalni prostranstva na biomedicinskite discursi v Bulgaria (1878–1939) ([Ab]normality and access to publicity: Social-institutional spaces of biomedicine discourses in Bulgaria [1878–1939]), Sofia: St. Kliment Ohridski University Press, 2018, 487 pp., BGN 16 (paperback), ISBN: 978-954-07-4474-2.Milutin A. Popović, Zatvorenice, album ženskog odeljenja Požarevačkog kaznenog zavoda sa statistikom (1898) (Prisoners, the album of the women’s section of Požarevac penitentiary with statistics, 1898), edited by Svetlana Tomić, Belgrade: Laguna , 2017, 333 pp., RSD 894 (paperback), ISBN: 978-86-521-2798-6.Irena Protassewicz, A Polish Woman’s Experience in World War II: Conflict, Deportation and Exile, edited by Hubert Zawadzki, with Meg Knott, translated by Hubert Zawadzki, London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019, xxv pp. + 257 pp., £73.38 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1-3500-7992-2.Zilka Spahić Šiljak, ed., Bosanski labirint: Kultura, rod i liderstvo (Bosnian labyrinth: Culture, gender, and leadership), Sarajevo and Zagreb: TPO Fondacija and Buybook, 2019, xii + 213 pp., no price listed (paperback), ISBN: 978-9926-422-16-5.Gonda Van Steen, Adoption, Memory and Cold War Greece: Kid pro quo?, University of Michigan Press, 2019, 350 pp., $85.00 (hardback), ISBN: 978-0-472-13158-7.D imitra Vassiliadou, Ston tropiko tis grafi s: Oikogeneiakoi desmoi kai synaisthimata stin astiki Ellada (1850–1930) (The tropic of writing: Family ties and emotions in modern Greece [1850–1930]), Athens: Gutenberg, 2018, 291 pp., 16.00 € (paperback), ISBN: 978-960-01-1940-4.Radina Vučetić, Coca-Cola Socialism: Americanization of Yugoslav Culture in the Sixties, English translation by John K. Cox, Budapest: Central European University Press, 2018, 334 pp., €58.00 (paperback), ISBN: 978-963-386-200-1.Nancy M. Wingfield, The World of Prostitution in Late Imperial Austria, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017, xvi + 272 pp., $80 (hardback), ISBN: 978-0-19880-165-8.Anastasia Lakhtikova, Angela Brintlinger, and Irina Glushchenko, eds., Seasoned Socialism: Gender and Food in Late Soviet Everyday Life, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2019, xix + 373 pp., $68.41(hardback), ISBN: 978-0-253-04095-4.
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Robinson, Fiona. « Human rights and the global politics of resistance : feminist perspectives ». Review of International Studies 29, S1 (décembre 2003) : 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026021050300593x.
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Talk of human rights is, currently, nearly as ubiquitous as talk of globalisation. While globalisation has been described as ‘the most over used and under specified term in the international policy sciences since the end of the Cold War’, the same could reasonably be said of ‘human rights’. Human rights are a product of the immediate aftermath of World War II, and thus they developed, in their contemporary form, in the context of the Cold War. The philosophical and political roots of human rights, of course, date back at least to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and some would say even further, to the Stoics of Ancient Greece. Globalisation, too, has unfolded mainly in the late twentieth-century and has reached a position of prominence in the post-Cold War context; at this juncture, and according to popular perception, the spread of market capitalism, Western culture and modern technology fit comfortably with the death of socialism and the ‘end of history’. But globalisation too has roots that date back much earlier – as early as, it has been argued, the fourteenth century.
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MAZOWER, M. « MILITARY VIOLENCE AND NATIONAL SOCIALIST VALUES : THE WEHRMACHT IN GREECE 1941-1944 ». Past & ; Present 134, no 1 (1 février 1992) : 129–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/past/134.1.129.
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Clive, Nigel. « The Dilemmas of Democracy in Greece ». Government and Opposition 25, no 1 (1 janvier 1990) : 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1990.tb00750.x.
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Pasok's Eight Year-Old Socialist Administration, The first in Greek history, which followed its successive victories in 1981 and 1985, was due to undergo its third electoral test in mid-1989. In fact, the electoral campaign had started in the late summer of 1988 and was well under way at the beginning of the new year. Andreas Papandreou's charismatic leadership of PASOK, which in the past had been the principal explanation of his firm control of events, was already starting to fade, as he struggled to put a brave face on the resignations of respected ministers and party members in the wake of revelations of several scandals at the top of the pyramid. Foremost among these was the celebrated case of George Koskotas, the young owner of the Bank of Crete, who was in gaol in America after his escape from Greece, to avoid charges of embezzling more than £130 million in bank deposits. In mid-March, Time magazine's cover story showing Koskotas behind bars was entitled: ‘The Looting of Greece: a fallen tycoon charges Papandreou with stealing millions’. This caused the resignation of Agamemnon Koutsoyorgas, Papandreou's Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Justice, when Koskotas claimed he had credited him with $2 million in a Swiss bank account. He also stated that Papandreou had authorized this payment and had himself been on the payroll.
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Mühlfried, Florian. « Let’s flow ! Circular migration and transhumant mobility among the Tushetians of Georgia ». Caucasus Survey 2, no 1-2 (22 septembre 2014) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23761202-0020102001.
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This paper deals with the migration practices of a Georgian population called the Tushetians and their recent developments. After an outline of the Tushetians’ traditional and contemporary migration patterns, details of migration to the Russian Federation, Spain and Greece are presented, followed by some reflections on the impact of these forms of migration on gender roles in the home villages. This leads to a more general discussion of the compatibility of Tushetian migration patterns with the European Union (EU) policy of circular migration, as well as the impact of the Eurozone crisis on migrants from post-socialist countries such as Georgia.
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Romanenko, Sergei. « STUDYING THE HISTORY OF THE BALKANS / SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE : RESEARCH TASKS AND PROBLEM FORMULATION ». Urgent Problems of Europe, no 2 (2021) : 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2021.02.01.
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The new issue of the journal «Current Problems of Europe» opens with the problem-oriented article, dedicated to the analysis of the state of the Balkans / South-Eastern Europe region and its development in 2000-2020. The author gives a systemic description of the processes taking place in the intra-national and international intra-regional political, social and economic development of the countries of the region, and the problems generated by them. The changes are associated with a difficult transition phase, experienced by the states of the region, for the most part belonging to the post-socialist world (Bulgaria, Romania, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Kosovo and Albania). The exceptions are Greece, Turkey and Cyprus, however, these three states are also going through a difficult period in their history, associated with new problems both in interstate relations within this triangle, and in relations with NATO and the EU, as well as with Russia. The article discusses the specifics of translating the terms «people» and «national» into Russian, as well as the toponym Kosovo (Serb.) / Kosova (Alb.), and ethnonyms «Bošnjak» and «bosanac». The first part of the issue contains articles devoted to general problems of regional studies: the relationship between the terms Eastern Europe, Central Europe, South-Eastern Europe, Balkans, Western Balkans; comparative and political science subjects; the role of the European Union and China in the development of the region; the relationship of national Serbian, post-Yugoslavian and European culture and intellectual heritage as well. The second part of the issue examines the relations of the Balkan states with the states of Central and Eastern Europe (Czech Republic, Romania, Belarus), as well as the specifics of their development in the post-socialist period. Thus, there is the possibility of a multilateral - historical, political and cultural, as well as comparative analysis of the development of this complex region, which is of great importance for international relations worldwide.
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Fletcher, Anthony. « Men's Dilemma : The Future of Patriarchy in England 1560–1660 ». Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 4 (décembre 1994) : 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679215.
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PATRIARCHY was very old when Queen Elizabeth ascended the English throne. Historians have sought its origins in die Old Testament record of the creation of Jewish monotiieism and in the social conditions of Hebrew society. They have explored die contributions of classical Greece and early Christian thinking to its development and evolution. By the time that the Tudor dynasty ruled in England, the institutionalised male dominance over women and children in die family and die extension of diat subordination to women in society in general, die scriptural patriarchy with which I am concerned, had become so deeply embedded diat it has appeared immutable. Something so permanent, something that was so given, has seemed not to deserve scrutiny by die historians of early modern England. It was socialist and radical feminists who took up die notion of patriarchy in die 1960s because they needed a concept which would help diem to theorise male dominance. From dieir contemporary perspective also, patriarchy appeared immovable and monumental. There was a tendency among them at first to study it as such: feminist historians approached die past wim die premise diat there has always been an undifferentiated and consistent male commitment to domination and control over women in every sphere of life. The conflation of patriarchy with misogyny, I suggest, produced an unhistorical patriarchy as die staple of women's history. It is only fairly recendy diat historical studies of gender have broken free from diese shackles, diat historians have begun to penetrate die discourses and strategies dirough which men have—or have not— coerced, or oppressed or subordinated women through die ages.
Thèses sur le sujet "Socialism – Greece – History"
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Massar, Natacha. « Soigner et servir : histoire sociale et culturelle de la médecine grecque à l'époque hellénistique ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211522.
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Grell, Chantal. « Le dix-huitieme siecle et l'antiquite en france. Etude sur les representations sociales et politiques, litteraires et esthetiques de la grece et de la rome paiennes ». Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040077.
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Cette etude concerne les differents types de perception de la grece et de la rome paiennes et la place des references antiques en france de 1680 a 1789. Dans un premier volet, sont abordes le role educatif du latin et du grec, les sources et les modes de transmission des connaissances erudites. Puis differents modeles sont passes en revue, en fonction des controverses entre anciens et modernes et au travers d'un certain nombre de paradigmes et de modes propres a la periode. Les enjeux font l'objet d'une derniere partie; ils ont trait a l'histoire, a la religion et a la politique. L'interrogation porte enfin sur les annees prerevolutionnaires, et s'acheve sur l'idee, en apparence paradoxale, d'un declin du modele politique antiqueThis study concerns various types of perception of pagan greece and rome and the place of antique references in france from 1680 to 1789. The first part deals with the educative role of latin and greek, the sources and modes of transmission of scholar knowledge. Then, different models are reviewed through controversies between ancients and moderns and some paradigms and fashions specific to the period. The stakes form the subject of the last part: they refer to history, religion and politics. The reflection relates to the prerevolutionary years and concludes finally with the apparently paradoxical idea of a decline of the antique political model
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Almirall, Arnal Elena. « Los dones de Rea : Utilización de gemas en la Antigua Grecia ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667220.
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El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es analizar el uso de las gemas en el mundo griego, en base principalmente a las fuentes clásicas. Para ello, se ha dividido la investigación en tres bloques claramente diferenciados. El primero consiste en un estudio sobre la utilización práctica o civil de las mismas así como sobre su uso terapéutico o mágico. Para ello, se han investigado, por un lado, tanto los sellos como las joyas u otros objetos domésticos, las lentes y las lupas, los ojos de las estatuas y, finalmente, la fabricación de pigmentos a partir de ciertas piedras; y, por otro lado, se ha examinado la información existente sobre lapidarios, amuletos y talismanes.
En el segundo bloque del trabajo se realiza un análisis acerca de la fabricación y el tratamiento de las gemas en el mundo griego que está fundamentado, sobre todo, en la obra de Plinio el Viejo y en los textos del Papiro de Estocolmo.
Finalmente, el último apartado de la investigación analiza, una a una, todas las gemas mencionadas en las fuentes clásicas, poniendo de manifiesto los problemas de traducción y los errores de interpretación que aparecen en algunas de las versiones revisadas en diferentes idiomas modernos. Además, se ofrece un cuadro resumen con la información gemológica de cada piedra analizada y se estudian las múltiples citas que las mencionan.The goal of this doctoral thesis is to analyze the use of gems in the Greek world, based mainly on classical sources. For this, the research has been divided into three clearly distinct sections. The first one involves a study on the practical or civil use of them as well as on their therapeutic or magical use. To do this, on one hand, both stamps and jewelry or other household objects, as well as lenses and magnifying glasses, the eyes of statues and, finally, the manufacture of pigments from certain stones have been investigated; and, on the other hand, the existing information on lapidaries, amulets and talismans has also been analyzed. In the second section of the work, the focus of the study is the manufacture and the treatment of the gems in the Greek world, having as a base, above all, the work of Pliny the Elder and the texts of the Papyrus of Stockholm. Finally, the last section of the research analyzes, one by one, all the gems mentioned in the classical sources, highlighting the problems of translation and mistakes of interpretation that are found in some of the revised versions in different modern languages. In addition, it provides a summary chart with the gemological information of each stone as well as a study of the various quotes that mention them.
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González, Galera Víctor. « Actors de mim i mimògrafs en la documentació antiga : estudi i corpus documental ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668735.
Texte intégralRésumé :
En aquesta tesi doctoral presentem un estudi sobre els actors de mim i mimògrafs grecoromans a l’Antiguitat a partir de l’anàlisi de la documentació epigràfica i papiràcia del món antic, una font d’informació sovint negligida pels estudiosos del drama i que tanmateix ens ajuda a comprendre millor aquest espectacle en gran part encara desconegut, en aportar dades que amb freqüència complementen la informació que ens proporcionen els pocs fragments de mim que ens han arribat i que fins i tot contradiuen la imatge del mim que ens forneixen les fonts literàries.
L’estudi se centra en l’examen d’aspectes concrets que ens permeten aprofundir en el nostre coneixement de la figura de l’actor de mim i el mimògraf, com ara llur sexe i edat, llur condició jurídica, llurs especialitzacions artístiques i la formació de companyies i associacions d’actors de mim, i també en l’anàlisi de qüestions com l’ús de noms artístics per part dels actors, els motius i llocs comuns presents en llurs inscripcions o els aspectes de l’acció dramàtica d’un actor de mim que evidencia la documentació, entre d’altres.
Així mateix, presentem també un corpus format pels 186 documents epigràfics i papiracis en llatí, grec i copte referents a actors de mim i mimògrafs que hem analitzat per poder realitzar l’estudi, per tal que els estudiosos del mim grecoromà i del drama antic en general disposin d’un recull actualitzat d’una documentació dispersa en un gran nombre de publicacions diverses que no sempre estan a l’abast de l’investigador. En el corpus hem reunit no només aquells documents que fan referència de forma inequívoca a actors de mim i mimògrafs, sinó que també hem afegit aquells que documenten possibles artistes relacionats amb el mim, així com documents que hom ha considerat relatius a actors de mim però que a parer nostre no haurien de formar part del corpus: el motiu de llur inclusió és poder argumentar per què no fan referència a actors de mim. D’altra banda, hem procurat d’oferir per a cada document una descripció del suport, una transcripció acurada del text, una actualització bibliogràfica i una traducció i comentari de cada peça, que esperem que siguin útils per als qui consultin aquest treball.It is the aim of this thesis to present a study on Greco-Roman mime actors and mimographers in Antiquity from the analysis of ancient inscriptions and papyri, a source of information that has often been neglected by the scholar community but which enables us to achieve a better understanding of this still obscure form of entertainment by complementing our knowledge of ancient mime from the scarce number of mime fragments that have reached our age and by providing us with a unique view on the subject, quite different in many ways from the severity with which ancient authors have often treated this dramatic genre. The study focuses on the examination of various subjects concerning mime actors and mimographers, such as their sex and age, legal status, artistic specialisations and the organisation of mime actors in troupes and colleges, as well as the use of stage names by mime actors, the motifs and commonplaces found in their inscriptions or aspects concerning mime performances, among other topics. Moreover, it is also offered in this thesis a corpus of the 186 Greek, Latin and Coptic documents referring to mime actors and mimographers analysed in the study, so that scholars interested in Greco-Roman mime and ancient drama may have an up-to- date collection of inscriptions and papyri that cannot always be easily reached because of the considerable number of works in which the documentation is dispersed. The corpus not only collects documents which can undoubtedly be ascribed to ancient mime actors and mimographers, but also inscriptions and papyri which may refer to possible mimic artists, as well as documents considered by other scholars to be related to mime actors but which in our view should be excluded from the corpus: the reason of their being included here is for us to be able to argue why they do not refer to mime actors. Furthermore, we have endeavoured to provide for each of the documents collected in the corpus a description of the document, an accurate transcription of its text, an up-to- date bibliography, and a translation and comment, which we hope may be of use to the reader.
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Montero, Mora Andrea. « Café, Revolución Verde, regulación y liberalización del mercado : Costa Rica (1950-2017) ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663396.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Esta tesis analiza la evolución del sector cafetalero en Costa Rica en el contexto de la Revolución Verde, la regulación y la liberalización del mercado (1950-2017). Aborda una serie de variables agroecológicas, técnicas, institucionales y de comercio que fueron cambiando en un escenario cafetalero mundial caracterizado por coyunturas críticas y favorables de precios, que condicionaron constantemente la política cafetalera mundial y doméstica. La conforman cinco capítulos que desarrollamos a partir de la implementación de enfoques teóricos y metodológicos desde la Historia Económica pero retroalimentándonos también de otras áreas y disciplinas (geografía histórica, historia ambiental, ecología del paisaje, ordenamiento del territorio). El Cap. 1 explica la expansión de la frontera cafetalera y los determinantes de la especialización del cultivo a escala regional. El Cap. 2 estudia la configuración del comercio cafetalero mundial durante el periodo de regulación, y analiza el impacto del Acuerdo Internacional del Café (ICA). El Cap. 3 aborda el cambio tecnológico de la caficultura costarricense, y aporta una lectura crítica de los alcances del paquete de la Revolución Verde. El Cap. 4 estudia la (re)configuración del mercado cafetalero a partir de la liberalización del mercado, y la reconstitución de algunos eslabones de la cadena de producción y comercialización. El Cap. 5 analiza los sistemas de producción cafetaleros implementados tras la liberalización, y aporta nuevos datos sobre la importancia de los agroecosistemas en la funcionalidad ecológica del paisaje y en el mantenimiento de la biodiversidad.
Los resultados de la investigación sugieren que la actividad cafetalera costarricense atravesó por un periodo de Innovación Inducida promovido en buena por las fuerzas de mercado, aunque también se sumaron otras variables (política cafetalera mundial y doméstica, eventos meteorológicos, criterio del campesino, etc.). Ninguna de las regiones atravesó por un proceso de hiperespecialización del cultivo en forma de extensos monocultivos, a pesar del enorme impulso que se le dio al cambio tecnológico basado en la Revolución Verde. El café desempeñó un papel complementario más que sustitutivo junto a los granos básicos, la caña de azúcar y los bosques durante la modernización del sector, con importantes diferencias regionales. El ICA derivó en pocos beneficios en el comercio cafetalero de los pequeños productores del grupo “Otros Suaves” (como Costa Rica), aunque en el marco de regulación en grupo fue capturando poder de decisión. El cambio tecnológico en el café fue un proceso gradual e incompleto. Las instituciones que en su momento promovieron el paquete “revolucionario” comenzaron a cuestionar el sistema de cultivo vigente, y a proponer nuevos sistemas que contemplaran la diversificación agrícola. El país que se había convertido en un referente de cambio tecnológico, atravesó por un proceso de desintensificación vertiginoso, que se aceleró aún más durante el periodo de crisis de sobreproducción. La cadena de producción y comercialización se ha (re)configurado en los últimos años, pero las barreras de entrada para integrar los eslabones que capturan mayor valor añadido continúan siendo altas. No deja de llamar la atención que uno de los países que atravesó por un temprano cambio tecnológico, convirtiéndose en un referente de caficultura intensiva durante los años setenta, ahora sea un país líder en eco-certificaciones, en pagos por servicios ambientales en café (PSA_Café) y en lanzar la primera Acción de Mitigación Nacionalmente Apropiada (NAMA por sus siglas en inglés) del mundo.
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Berruecos, Frank Bernardo. « Polipeiros sofía. Heródoto en la historia de la filosofía griega ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117852.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Las Historias de Heródoto pueden ser para el contexto jurídico-político de los presocráticos lo que los doxógrafos son para su contenido doctrinal. En este trabajo se ofrece una alternativa a la visión "doxografizante" del pensamiento arcaico. Las Historias, monumento paradigmático del saber en su relación con el poder, testimonio invaluable de las relaciones de lucha y de dominio, de las formas de gobierno político, ofrecen un retrato vivo de los modos de conocimiento arcaicos; en lugar de recurrir únicamente al contexto tardío en que una declaración presocrática emerge y a la exégesis doxográfica subsiguiente, a menudo plagada de suposiciones anacrónicas que se expresan con una dicción extemporánea e improcedente, las Historias constituyen, en virtud de haber sobrevivido en su totalidad y de compartir con los presocráticos una misma comunidad epistemológica, una fuente privilegiada para reedificar una parte del contexto cultural. Los métodos de pensamiento y conocimiento del historiador no están sepultados dentro de una sentencia lapidaria, sino que se desarrollan de forma dinámica y transversal a través de su discurso, a la vez que se activan en el lector y lo interpelan constantemente. Las Historias ponen en escena el choque de unos discursos con otros, el enfrentamiento de lo que unos y otros dicen, es decir, la batalla por la legitimación discursiva. La forma en que el historiador organiza, critica y jerarquiza la información pone en evidencia una concepción política del conocimiento, pues siempre se sitúa en una posición mediadora intercediendo y fungiendo como árbitro y juez de los discursos. Esta lucha, esta contienda discursiva es, en definitiva, un símbolo de las fuerzas políticas inherentes al pensamiento arcaico. El trabajo está conformado por tres capítulos. Los dos primeros representan dos etapas del camino que, sin ser aún la meta, posibilitan el encaminamiento hacia ella. Ambos movimientos pretenden legitimar la propuesta que se lleva a cabo en el tercer capítulo y que constituye propiamente la tesis. Para erigir a Hérodoto como símbolo de los presocráticos, es necesario definir su posición intersticial con respecto al pasado (Homero) y con respecto al futuro (Platón- Aristóteles), pues los presocráticos son también intersticios entre el corpus homérico y el platónico-aristotélico. No se trata, pues, de demostrar posibles influencias intelectuales o alusiones más o menos veladas del pensamiento de unos y otros; se trata más bien de dilucidar las condiciones comunes (político-jurídico-sociales) que permiten a unos y a otros desarrollar su pensamiento. Se han estudiado una serie de vocablos y se ha intentado, a través de sus formas de articulación en oposiciones, asociaciones o meras concomitancias, determinar su funcionamiento. Así, se ha pretendido poner en evidencia cómo las Historias de Heródoto pueden iluminar el campo semántico de algunos de los vocablos más representativos de los textos presocráticos. De esta manera, la dilucidación de la significación de un término y de las representaciones sociales, políticas o religiosas inherentes a él, encuentra en las Historias un gran diccionario en el que es posible descubrir un amplio repertorio de ocurrencias lexicales a la vez que un espejo reflector en donde se reconocen los usos vivos e, incluso, los gestos de sus hablantes.“Polipeiros sophia. Herodotus in the history of greek philosophy.” The central thesis of this research is to examine how the Histories of Herodotus, acting as a symbol of Presocratic thought, display a political conception of kwowledge in which the various archaic modes of thought may find a sort of architext that offers a peculiar reading and analysis method. The Histories bring into stage the clash of discourses, the confrontation between them, representing the battle for discursive legitimation. The way the historian organizes, criticizes and sets a hierarchy for the information reveals a political conception of knowledge, because he invariably places himself as a mediator interceding and acting as an arbitrator and judge of discourses. This struggle or discursive battle is definitely a symbol of the political forces that are immanent to the archaic thought. A fundamental hypothesis guiding this research is that an analogy can be drawn between the role played by the people of a city as a function of their form of government and the role of the auditorium or addressee of a discourse. As such, the analysis of the Presocratic texts may be performed under the perspective that it is possible to trace in them a defined politics of discourse. This research comprises three chapters. The first two aim to legitimate the proposal carried out in the third chapter in which the core of the thesis is presented. To raise Herodotus into a Presocratic symbol (Chapter 3), it is necessary to define his interstitial stance with respect to the past (Homer = chapter 1) and the future (Plato-Aristotle = chapter 2). Several terms have been studied and through their forms of articulation in oppositions, associations or mere concomitances, an attempt has been made to determine how they work. So, we expect to show how the Histories of Herodotus may enlighten the semantic field of the most significant terms used in Presocratic texts. In this way, the elucidation of the significance of a term and its inherent social, political and religious representations, makes it possible to discover in the Histories a great dictionary where a large repertory of lexical uses can be found, just as a mirror reflecting the live usages and even the gestures of the speakers.
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Wight, Philip A. « From Citizens to Consumers : The Countercultural Roots of Green Consumerism ». Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1368030088.
Texte intégral
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Ferrer, Vázquez Mario. « Las patologías infantiles en la medicina greco-helenística. Estudio y análisis historiográfico desde la práctica de la pediatría moderna ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/420881.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La pediatría es una especialidad médica desarrollada junto a los avances sociales en relación a la infancia. En la Antigüedad, en los albores de la ciencia médica, la pediatría no existía como entidad propia, sin embargo, muchas son las referencias a la salud infantil que aparecen en los tratados médicos clásicos. Recopilando los textos conservados desde Hipócrates a Galeno, esta tesis es el resultado de la lectura pormenorizada de todos ellos, de la información de carácter pediátrico extraída de esas obras, de la importancia que la medicina infantil tuvo entre los médicos de las sociedades greco-helenística y romana, y del análisis detallado de los recursos pediátricos que aquellos médicos practicaron. Todo ello desde el punto de vista médico profesional de la pediatría actual, razonando el efecto posterior de los cambios médicos y sociales y creando un corpus pediátrico greco-helenístico de utilidad y aplicación en posteriores estudios.Pediatrics is a medical specialty that has evolved largely along with social advances in relation to childhood. In antiquity, at the dawn of medical science, pediatrics did not exist as such; however, many references to child health appear in classical medical treatises. By compiling the classical texts preserved from Hippocrates to Galen, this thesis is the result of a deep analysis of these texts concerning the pediatric information extracted from them, the importance of children's medicine among physicians of Greco-Hellenistic and Roman societies, and the pediatric resources available at that time. This analytical approach is done from the present medical-professional pediatrics point of view through reasoning of the effects of medical and social changes and by creating a Greek-Hellenistic pediatric corpus with high potential for future applications and further studies.
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Jurado, Riba Víctor J. « Clientelisme, milícia i govern : Lluís de Requesens i la noblesa catalana al servei de Felip II (1568-1576) ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672406.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Aquesta tesi doctoral analitza dos aspectes fonamentals de la vida de Lluís de Requesens, d’una banda, la seva activitat com a militar al servei de Felip II i, de l’altra, la seva funció dins l’estructuració de la noblesa catalana i de les seves relacions amb la Cort, analitzat fonamentalment la guerra com a mecanisme d’ascens social a través de la seva clientela.
Lluís de Requesens fou un dels nobles més importants al servei de Felip II, culminant la trajectòria de servei del seu llinatge amb alguns dels càrrecs de major rellevància en època moderna. Tot i que la bibliografia li ha atribuït sempre una funció més propera a la diplomàcia que a la guerra, va tenir actuacions notables com a militar. En aquest estudi es farà una anàlisi del pas d’aquest noble català pels diversos escenaris bèl·lics on tingué una participació destacada: la guerra contra els moriscos a las Alpujarras, la batalla de Lepant i el seu dificultós govern a Flandes. A més, la recerca s’endinsa en la construcció de la seva clientela de nobles catalans i com, a través del servei personal a Requesens i a Felip II per la via de les armes, procuraven engruixir el seu currículum per buscar una bona col·locació dins la Monarquia.Esta tesis doctoral analiza dos aspectos fundamentales de la vida de Luis de Requesens, por un lado, su actividad como militar al servicio de Felipe II y, del otro, su función dentro de la estructuración de la nobleza catalana y de sus relaciones con la Corte, analizando fundamentalmente la guerra como mecanismo de ascenso social a través de su clientela. Luis de Requesens fue uno de los nobles más importantes al servicio de Felipe II, culminando la trayectoria de servicio de su linaje con algunos de los cargos de mayor relevancia en época moderna. Aunque la bibliografía le ha atribuido siempre una función más próxima a la diplomacia que a la guerra, tuvo actuaciones notables como militar. En este estudio se hará un análisis del paso de este noble catalán por los diversos escenarios bélicos donde tuvo una participación destacada: la guerra contra los moriscos en las Alpujarras, la batalla de Lepanto y su tortuoso gobierno en Flandes. Además, la investigación se adentra en la construcción de su clientela de nobles catalanes y cómo, a través del servicio personal a Requesens y a Felipe II por la vía de las armas, procuraban ampliar su currículum para buscar una buena colocación dentro de la Monarquía.
This doctoral thesis analyses two fundamental aspects of the life of Lluís de Requesens, on the one hand, his activity as a soldier in the service of Philip II and, on the other hand, his role in the structure of the Catalan nobility and his relations with the Court, analyzing war as a mechanism for social promotion through his clientele. Lluís de Requesens was one of the most important nobles in the service of Philip II, culminating the service of his lineage with some of the most important posts in modern times. Although the bibliography has always attributed to him a role closer to diplomacy than to war, he had notable performances as a military man. This study will analyze the passage of this Catalan nobleman through the different war scenarios in which he played an outstanding role: the war against the Moors in the Alpujarras, the battle of Lepanto, and his difficult government in Flanders. In addition, the research delves into the construction of his clientele of Catalan nobles and how, through personal service to Requesens and Philip II by way of arms, they sought to swell their curriculum in order to find a good position within the Monarchy.
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Ricaud, Maryline. « La notion de l’ascendance et l’identification des élites grecques de l’époque archaïque à l’époque classique ». Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20064/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Comment proposer une nouvelle étude des élites grecques ? À partir des travaux de l’histoire des idées – et plus précisément en s’appuyant sur les démarches des spécialistes de l’École de Cambridge, nous présentons une étude empirique et quasi-anthropologique de la notion de l’ascendance. Nous analysons le concept de l’ascendance dans les sources littéraires entre le VIIIe et le IVe siècle avant notre ère : les poèmes épiques, la comédie, la tragédie et les discours des orateurs attiques. Pour la première fois, notre enquête regroupe la sélection d’un champ lexical et d’un champ sémantique – caractéristique de la bonne naissance des élites grecques : esthlos, gennaios, eugeneia et progonos. La question centrale posée par cette étude est : comment les élites grecques s’identifient-elles à des modèles de l’ascendance ? Nous distinguerons plusieurs modèles de l’époque archaïque à l’époque classique. À l’époque archaïque nous démontrons que deux modèles dominent : celui de l’ascendance agonistique et celui de l’ascendance divine. Les sources littéraires de l’époque classique permettent de démontrer la continuité de l’ascendance divine et d’exposer une approche par le genre : quels sont les modèles masculins et féminins de l’ascendance ? À l’époque classique, nous assistons au développement d’un troisième modèle : l’ascendance du citoyen. Poser la question plus précise de l’ascendance idéale du citoyen, c’est s’intéresser à un problème complexe qui relève de la sphère privée et de la sphère publique. Ce modèle interroge, en effet, sur l’origine biologique / génétique du citoyen tout en questionnant les qualités nécessaires pour gouverner. La question politique est au coeur de la dernière partie puisque nous nous focalisons sur l’instrumentalisation de l’ascendance à Athènes par les orateurs. Aussi comment veulent-ils convaincre les élites grecques de se fédérer autour d’un idéal unique de l’ascendance collective au Ive siècle avant J.-C. ?How to put forward a new study on Greek elites? To answer that question, we used the academic thinking on history of ideas – and more precisely on the relevant and recent works of the historians of Cambridge school. We also provide an empirical and anthropological study on the topic of ancestry. We analyse the ancestry in greek literature from the VIIIth century to IVth century: epic poems, tragedy, comedy and attic orators’ speeches. For the first time, our research project is based on lexical and semantic fields: esthlos, gennaios, eugeneia and progonos. The principal problem is the following: how do Greek elites identify with the ancestry’s models? We will distinguish several models from archaïc period to classical period. In archaïc period, two models of the ancestry dominate: an agonistic model and a divine model. In classical period, the greek litterature shows the continuity of divine ancestry. We can put forward a gender approach: what are different models of ancestry for men or for women? In the classical period, we note the development of the civic ancestry. The specific question of the ideal ancestry of the citizen focuses on a complex problem involving a private sphere and a public sphere. This model, indeed, raises some reflexions on a genetic/biologic origin and the good aptitudes/qualities to govern the city. The political question is very important in the third part because we concentrate on the instrumentalisation of the ancestry in Athens by the attic orators. Also how do they want to convince the Athenian elites to federate around the ideal of the collective ancestry in the IVth century BC ?
Livres sur le sujet "Socialism – Greece – History"
1
Entangled paths towards modernity : Contextualizing socialism and nationalism in the Balkans. Budapest : Central European University Press, 2009.
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The rise of the Greek socialist party. London : Routledge, 1988.
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(Greece), Organōsē Sosialistikē Epanastasē. Hoi rizes tēs epanastastikēs aristeras stēn Hellada : Hē Mamē : epilogē apo ta keimena tēs Organōsēs Sosialistikē Epanastasē 1972-74. 2e éd. Athēna : Marxistiko Viviliopōleio, 2011.
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4
International Conference Left Theory for the 21st Century (2d 2021 Online). Aristerē kyvernēsimotēta : Hē empeiria tou SYRIZA, 2015-2019. Athēna : Nēsos, 2021.
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Militant around the clock ? : Left-wing youth politics, leisure, and sexuality in post-dictatorship Greece, 1974-1981. New York : Berghahn Books, 2015.
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Krisē : Eurōpē kai aristera : hē physē kai hē epilysē tēs krisēs, ho Syriza stēn Eurōpē, Eurōpaikē Aristera kai Sosialdēmokratia. Athēna : Ekdoseis Papazēsē, 2016.
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Dēmētrēs, Charalampēs, Maratou-Alimprantē L et Hadjiyanni Andromachi, dir. Recent social trends in Greece, 1960-2000. Montreal : McGill-Queen's University Press, 2004.
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Greeks in Ptolemaic Egypt : Case studies in the social history of the Hellenistic world. Oxford [Oxfordshire] : Clarendon Press, 1986.
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1935-, Lefkowitz Mary R., et Fant Maureen B, dir. Women's life in Greece & Rome : A source book in translation. 2e éd. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.
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10
D, Shaw Brent, et Saller Richard P, dir. Economy and society in ancient Greece. Harmondsworth : Penguin, 1985.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Socialism – Greece – History"
1
Chapoutot, Johann. « History as Racial Struggle ». Dans Greeks, Romans, Germans. University of California Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520275720.003.0008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter illustrates the National Socialist vision of history, in which the class conflict of material determinism was replaced by the racial conflict of biological determinism. Here, social Darwinism and racism converged in an unending binary dynamic of two peoples locked in mortal combat. The chapter reveals that the ideological training materials of the National Socialist party and its various organs described six thousand years of race war and three thousand years of Jewish hatred for the Indo-Germanic master race. The strong, harrowing drama of this rewriting of ancient history, particularly that of Rome, this chapter demonstrates, was perfect for the construction of the racial enemy as a monstrous terror.
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Chapoutot, Johann. « Introduction ». Dans Greeks, Romans, Germans. University of California Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520275720.003.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This introductory chapter examines the scope of the relationship between National Socialism and antiquity, a topic that historians appear to neglect despite the fact that there have been precedents as to the political use of history—appealing to the past to justify political power in the present—which is a frequent phenomenon, all the more so in totalitarian regimes that seek to anchor their revolutionary political intentions in the depths of historical precedent. The possibilities afforded by the past appear, moreover, to have held great significance for National Socialism. Nazi Germany had coveted and revered the past as a sacred place of origin.
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Chapoutot, Johann. « From Empire to Reich ». Dans Greeks, Romans, Germans. University of California Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520275720.003.0007.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter examines Rome as a source of political, military, and even architectural inspiration for Nazism. A source of infinite lessons and precise instructions, the history of Rome showed not only how to build empires but also the tangible symbols of that empire. National Socialism would thus have to pursue its imperial pretensions by imitating and eclipsing the shadows of the ancients in the granite of Nuremberg, where once the living, breathing mass of the Volksgemeinschaft met and rallied in congress, now only a desolate wasteland haunted by the devastation of the Nazi Walpurgisnacht. This chapter describes an organic link between the monuments of modern Germany, the distant history of the race, and its imperial future.
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Chapoutot, Johann. « Origin Myths ». Dans Greeks, Romans, Germans. University of California Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520275720.003.0002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter describes how the National Socialist party adopted a discourse on the origins of the Nordic race. The Nazis developed a coherent origin myth and provided the German people with a distinguished ancestry because they wished to glorify a nation severely humiliated in 1918, first by a military defeat that was rarely acknowledged as such and subsequently by a peace at Versailles that was perceived as a diktat. This discourse on origins was conceived and transmitted in various ways, including academic and scholarly research. History and anthropology, often perceived as auxiliary sciences, were thrust into the service of the new reigning discipline, racial science (Rassenkunde), producing the kind of scholarship under the Third Reich that its leaders demanded.
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Chapoutot, Johann. « Mens sana ». Dans Greeks, Romans, Germans. University of California Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520275720.003.0004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter details the National Socialist movement's educational reforms. Nazi anti-intellectualism, which rejected the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake, disdained abstract thought in favor of decisive action. In addition, modern individualism was cast aside in favor of a holistic view of man: not a fully autonomous, self-sufficient atom but an inseparable member of a group, without which the individual would wither and die. This two-pronged revolution was backed, with consummate political opportunism—and perhaps occasionally genuine conviction—by respected scholars of the ancient world, professors of classics and history, who sought to promote the study of antiquity as a paradigm of proper values for the youth of the new Germany. Their self-appointed mission in the new Reich was nothing less than to save the humanities.
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Georgakas, Dan. « Megalexandros : Authoritarianism and National Identity ». Dans The Cinema of Theo Angelopoulos. Edinburgh University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748697953.003.0008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter analyses Theo Angelopoulos' 1980 film Megalexandros (or Alexander the Great), which was released in 1980 and which is generally considered to emblematise a moment of political disenchantment for the director. Megalexandros seeks to join history, myth and current events seamlessly with a healthy disrespect for all things that represent authoritarianism. In confronting the shortcomings of the contemporary Greek popular movement, the film stood alone in the New Greek Cinema. The chapter first considers critical and popular reactions to Megalexandros before discussing the film within the context of the handful of works that examine anti-authoritarian revolutionary strategies. It also looks at Angelopoulos' views on the question of Greek national identity and argues that Megalexandros is an expression of political transition, in which Angelopoulos' sympathies shifted from state socialism and party politics to anarchism or anarchocommunism.
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Nelson, Bruce. « “The Irish are for Freedom Everywhere” ». Dans Irish Nationalists and the Making of the Irish Race. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691153124.003.0009.
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This chapter is situated within the framework of the “Green Atlantic” and its relationship to socialism and black nationalism. New York City became a world capital of insurgent movements during and after the Great War. The experience of Irish nationalists in New York during this critical decade in Ireland's history—above all, the experience of the Irish Progressive League—further complicates the narrative of Ireland as “sacra insula” and of Irish emigrants as narrowly conservative. The Irish Progressive League, played a critical role in launching one of the most remarkable episodes of Ireland's war for independence—the Irish Patriotic Strike, which took place in New York Harbor for three weeks in August and September 1920. It was a rare moment—when Green and Black came together in a common struggle—but it was followed by Eamon de Valera's public lament that “Ireland is now the last white nation that is deprived of its liberty.”
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Russo Krauss, Chiara. « Lange, Friedrich Albert (1828–75) ». Dans Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780415249126-dc048-2.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The German philosopher Friedrich Albert Lange was a pivotal figure in the nineteenth century, due to the publication of the extremely influential History of Materialism (1866). In his book, Lange proposed a compelling reconstruction of the development of materialism, from ancient Greece to the modern Materialismusstreit (controversy on materialism), which revolved around the possibility to reduce mental activity to physiological processes. Despite acknowledging the merits of materialism for the advancement of science and the overcoming of metaphysics, Lange championed a recovery of Kant’s theory of knowledge, where the transcendental forms were to be established on the physiological organisation of human beings, although not being reducible to it. Thus, Lange became one of the main representatives of the physiological Neo-Kantianism that was typical of the mid-nineteenth century, and a point of reference for later Neo-Kantians of Marburg and Baden Schools. Lange was also a political activist and theorist, who wanted to improve the condition of the working class by pursuing a socialist policy that differed both from democratic liberalism and the then rising Marxism. While he held that the former was not sincerely in the interest of the working class, he rejected the latter, believing that only constant progress, rather than revolutions, could obtain real improvements. Moreover, he was wary of Marx’s Hegelianism, preferring to establish his political ideas on scientific knowledge, such as Darwinism and Malthusianism.
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Keßler, Mario. « Ossip K. Flechtheim (1909-1998) ». Dans Transatlantic Radicalism, sous la direction de Frank Jacob et Mario Keßler, 221–48. Liverpool University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800859609.003.0010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The political scientist Ossip Kurt Flechtheim (1909-1998) lived in different countries on both sides of the Atlantic: Germany, France, Switzerland, and the United States. He specialized in various fields of research: contemporary history, political science, and future studies, and he taught and wrote in several languages. Flechtheim belonged to three different parties of the left: before 1933 he was a member of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). After his return to Berlin in 1952 he had joined the Social Democratic Party (SPD), which he then left in 1962. From 1979 until his death Flechtheim was a member of the Alternative Liste that was part of the ecological Green Party. Flechtheim’s work, which includes nearly twenty books and a great number of edited volumes, is devoted to crucial problems of the twentieth and the twenty-first century: to war and peace, democracy and dictatorship, fascism and anti-fascism, the north-south conflict, and capitalism and Communism in its various forms. The last chapter of the volume gives a biographical overview and tries to explain how Flechtheim’s life’s path between Europe and America influenced his thinking as a versatile scholar and radical socialist.
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« An Investigation of Creatio Ex Nihilo, Islam, Sociality and Inequality ». Dans Islamic Economy and Social Mobility, 27–68. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9731-7.ch002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Everyday life is abundant with interplay between ascribed and achieved statuses. Social structures are built upon those statuses and social behaviors are to great extent predictable based on those statuses. Socio-economic status (SES) is just one manifestation of this interplay. Indeed, sociality, the construction of all forms of stratifications and discourse on the relative significance of these attributes and their functions flows in various echelons and institutions of all societies; that is, from a granted ascribed status of a charismatic authority to those who routinize it, from a talented soothsayer to a learned magician, from a tribal medicine man to modern medical occupations. The old debate of nature versus nurture and a profusion of courses to develop leadership, occupational choices, psychological tests, arts and literatures all revolve around the demarcation of and interplay between granted and achieved statuses. Judaism, Christianity and Islam are prime examples of the implicit and explicit encompassing ascribed and achieved status in their theologies with social implications. Their problematic is to make the unknown knowable to us by using a variety of resources conceived to be true a priori. It is invariably in their nature, what they are, to bestow social and individual identity through that they nurture the believer. Contrary to other ascribed statuses such as gender, age and race, a believer, under free conditions, can flee from one religion to another pragmatically, agnostically, remain a theist outside of a specific religion's boundary, or leave it behind. Both the history of religious persecutions and the means by which, in the past, one believer recognized another, show the overriding power that ascribed status possesses to either keep the believer within their monopolistic bond of a religion or force them to convert. We have appropriated the Isma'ili Shi'ite understanding of dialectic reasoning, or aql and its manifestation in terms of rationality to make sense of the stratification systems that the human will creates and modifies in its pursuit of justice, and its conception of human agency in determination of one's destiny - an idea that resonates in Durkheim's assertion on creating something out of nothing, or creatio ex nihilo, in our view. Theologically, Judaism, Christianity and Islam all rely foundationally on creatio ex nihilo, or briefly, ex nihilo, according to which God created the world out of nothing. Given His attributes of omnipotence and omniscience, the question is to what extent the vocation of an individual is pre-elected, or willed by the individual's rational choices. This bewildering question appeared in classic Islam with the emergence of the Baghdad and Basra-based Mu'tazilite school of Islamic theology influenced by the Greeks and the traditionalist Ash'arite schools. This level of learning is achieved by the ‘ulama, combined with historical, political, and sociological discussions and contemporary findings on inequality and health is discussed.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Socialism – Greece – History"
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Aragona, Stefano. « Ecological city between future and memory : a great opportunity to rethink the world ». Dans International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma : Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7932.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’attuale momento di crisi sociale, ambientale e spaziale può essere una svolta - uno dei
significati della parola greca originaria κρίσις - del modello di sviluppo basato sul paradigma
industriale (Khun, 1962) i cui limiti erano ipotizzati nell’omonimo The Limits of Growth
commissionato dal Club di Roma ad alcuni ricercatori del MIT di Boston (USA) edito nel 1972. Il
presente scritto suggerisce di sostituire al modello industrialista del “fare la città” - indifferente
alle condizioni locali grazie alla supremazia data alle “soluzioni” tecnologiche (Del Nord,1991) -
l’approccio ecologico che parte dalle condizioni locali quali indicazioni di
piano/progetto/realizzazione per la trasformazione dell’anthropocosmo, cioè del rapporto tra
contenitori, reti e comportamenti, ovvero del λόγος, discorso, studio, con l’οίκος, ambiente
(www.ekistics.org) con le finalità di Smart City cioè costruire Comunità inclusive, sostenibili
socialmente e materialmente avendo il risparmio di consumo di suolo come presupposto della
sostenibilità. Ciò significa per i paesi ormai più che emergenti - BRIC e tutti gli altri in forte
crescita economica - evitare gli errori compiuti dalle nazioni, usualmente chiamate Occidentali,
di devastazione del territorio oltre che in termini di danni sociali. Mentre per quest’ultime
l’attenzione va posta al tema della riqualificazione dell’esistente sotto il profilo funzionale,
spaziale, ambientale e sociale. Per entrambe si pone la questione centrale del rapporto con la
storia, i segni di essa sul territorio, cioè la memoria quale essenziale componente del senso
delle cose. The current social, environmental and territorial crisis, can be a turning point - one among the
meanings of the originary Greek word κρίσις - of the development model based on the industrial
paradigm (Kuhn, 1962) whose limits were declared in the homonymous The Limits of Growth
commissioned by the Club of Rome at Boston MIT researchers (Meadows and al.) and
published in 1972. This paper suggests to replace the industrial model of “making the city” -
indifferent to local conditions thanks to the supremacy given to the technological “solutions” (Del
Nord, 1991) - with the ecological approach that starts from the local conditions such as
indications of plan/project/construction for the transformation of the anthropocosmo, i.e. the
relationship connecting shells, networks and behaviours. That is to relate the λόγος, discourse,
analyses, with the οίκος, the environment (www.ekistics.org): finally the purpose of Smart City. It
requires to build inclusive Communities, socially and materially sustainable, having the saving of
land use as precondition. This should mean for most countries now more then emerging - BRIC
and everyone else in the strong economic growth - try to avoid the mistakes made by the
nations, usually known as Western ones: i.e. devastation of the territory, social harms, and
attention to the spatial redevelopment, and to the functional and social ones. For both there is the central question of the relationship with history, the signs of it, ie the memory as essential
component of the meaning of things.