Thèses sur le sujet « Social structure Australia »
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1
Arthurson, Kathy. « Social exclusion as a policy framework for the regeneration of Australian public housing estates / ». Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha791.pdf.
2
Edwards, Marlene. « The social organization of a secondhand clothing store : informal strategies and social interaction amongst volunteer workers ». Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe2655.pdf.
3
Shuster, Gabriela. « The Management Of Feral Pig Socio-Ecological Systems In Far North Queensland, Australia ». Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1357345563.
4
Durey, Angela. « The changing face of rural general practice : an ethnographic study of general practitioners and their spouses ». Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2005. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/61.
Résumé :
Rural general practice is general practice at its best: a comment by one GP interviewed for this study was echoed by colleagues who viewed their work in a rural setting as challenging, diverse, rewarding and satisfying. Despite reported difficulties associated with rural general practice, many GPs argued that the benefits outweigh the disadvantages. Few wanted to leave. Nonetheless, too few Australian trained GPs are willing to move from cities to work in the country. Consequently, overseas trained doctors have been recruited to fill vacancies or nurses provide health services in communities unable to attract a GP.
5
Wellard, Rebecca. « Vocal Repertoire, Social Structure and Feeding Preferences of Australian and Antarctic Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) ». Thesis, Curtin University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/80111.
Résumé :
This thesis aimed to improve the understanding of killer whale populations in the Australian and Antarctic regions. Visual surveys, photo-identification and passive acoustic recordings were combined to study these populations. This study describes the call repertoire of killer whales found in Australian and Antarctic waters, presents an acoustic comparison between sympatric ecotypes in Antarctic waters and investigates the sociality and feeding preferences of killer whales in the Bremer Sub-Basin.
6
Jefferson, Therese. « Australian women's financial security in later life : the effects of social structures and decision processes ». Thesis, Curtin University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1981.
Résumé :
Existing studies provide a range of insights into the causes of womens low retirement incomes and emphasise the effect of low life-time incomes on womens access to economic resources in later life. Despite these insights, however, there is relatively little research on the roles played by motivations, social institutions and decision-making processes in determining womens capacity to save for retirement. In order to address some of these gaps in our understanding, this study aimed to broaden the range of theoretical approaches applied to economic studies of womens retirement savings strategies. Based on methodological perspectives informed by critical realism and feminist epistemology, the study utilised grounded research methods to collect and analyse qualitative data relevant to womens financial decisions and retirement plans. The data collection and analysis process are conceptually organised and integrated to propose a theoretical contribution that emphasises the links between social structures and specific decision-making processes that systematically contribute to low retirement savings for women. The studys findings are discussed with reference to existing economic literature that has not previously been utilised in studies of womens retirement incomes. The conclusions from this study suggest that there are significant features of womens decision-making contexts that contribute to ongoing under-saving to support women in later life.
7
Jefferson, Therese. « Australian women's financial security in later life : the effects of social structures and decision processes / ». Curtin University of Technology, Graduate School of Business, 2005. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16372.
Résumé :
Existing studies provide a range of insights into the causes of womens low retirement incomes and emphasise the effect of low life-time incomes on womens access to economic resources in later life. Despite these insights, however, there is relatively little research on the roles played by motivations, social institutions and decision-making processes in determining womens capacity to save for retirement. In order to address some of these gaps in our understanding, this study aimed to broaden the range of theoretical approaches applied to economic studies of womens retirement savings strategies. Based on methodological perspectives informed by critical realism and feminist epistemology, the study utilised grounded research methods to collect and analyse qualitative data relevant to womens financial decisions and retirement plans. The data collection and analysis process are conceptually organised and integrated to propose a theoretical contribution that emphasises the links between social structures and specific decision-making processes that systematically contribute to low retirement savings for women. The studys findings are discussed with reference to existing economic literature that has not previously been utilised in studies of womens retirement incomes. The conclusions from this study suggest that there are significant features of womens decision-making contexts that contribute to ongoing under-saving to support women in later life.
8
Williams, J. Gary. « Supervised autonomy : medical specialties and structured conflict in an Australian General Hospital / ». Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw7242.pdf.
9
Chabanne, Delphine Brigitte Hélène. « Distribution, abundance, social and genetic structures of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in Perth metropolitan waters, Western Australia ». Thesis, Chabanne, Delphine Brigitte Hélène ORCID : 0000-0002-8391-7505 (2017) Distribution, abundance, social and genetic structures of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in Perth metropolitan waters, Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/37570/.
Résumé :
In heterogeneous coastal and estuarine environments, dolphins are exposed to varying levels of human activities. Consequently, it is important to identify and characterise fine-scale population structuring based on ecological, social, spatial and genetic data to develop appropriate conservation and management strategies. This thesis focused on identifying subpopulations of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) inhabiting Perth waters, Western Australia (WA). Using spatial and social data collected over four years of boat-based photo-identification surveys, I: i) estimated abundances, survival and movement rates using a Multistate Closed Robust Design approach; and ii) examined the social structure and home range using social association and network analyses. I used microsatellite loci and mtDNA markers to investigate the genetic population structure of dolphins at metropolitan (Perth) and regional (c. 1000 km of coastline) scales. High capture probabilities, high survival and constant abundances described a subpopulation with high fidelity in an estuary. In contrast, low captures, emigration and fluctuating abundances suggested transient use and low fidelity in an open coastline region. Overall, dolphins formed four socially and geographically distinct, mixed-sex subpopulations that varied in association strength, site fidelity and residency patterns. Curiously, home range overlap and genetic relatedness did not affect the association patterns. In Perth metropolitan waters, a source-sink relationship was suggested between a subpopulation inhabiting a semi-enclosed embayment and three other subpopulations, including the estuarine subpopulation. On a broader scale, the Perth metapopulation was genetically distinct from other populations along the WA southwestern coastline, with little to no migration from and into other populations. The subpopulations present in Perth waters should each be regarded as a distinct management unit, with a particular focus on protecting the estuarine subpopulation, which is small, has limited connection with adjacent subpopulations and is more vulnerable because of the intensity and diversity of anthropogenic threats present in the estuary.
10
Cirino, Gina. « American Misconceptions about Australian Aboriginal Art ». Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1435275397.
11
Robinson, Geoffrey 1963. « How Labor governed : social structures and the formation of public policy during the New South Wales Lang government of November 1930 to May 1932 ». Monash University, Dept. of History, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9164.
12
Yeung, Ho Yi Polly. « An investigation of citizenship participation of young adults with and without cerebral palsy ». Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1859.
Résumé :
Citizenship participation by young adults has reciprocal benefits for both individuals and society. Capacity to participate in activities that positively influence the community is indicative of healthy individuals and healthy communities. While there are some studies on citizenship participation among adolescents, little empirical evidence exists regarding the meaning of, or practical participation in citizenship activities by young adults in contemporary Australia society, and particularly those who have a disability such as cerebral palsy (CP).This study investigated citizenship participation and identified factors that influenced citizenship participation in young adults with and without a disability, particularly CP. The study occurred in three phases: (1) a qualitative phase; (2) a quantitative, cross-sectional phase; and (3) a consultation phase.The aim of Phase 1 was to develop a measurement of citizenship participation based on literature and consultation with key stakeholders. Before proceeding to the item development, the ideas of how young adults in general perceived the underlying meanings of citizen participation and how they classified social and civic activities were explored through focus groups and individual interviews. A pool of 36 items was initially developed based on a critical review of participation instruments. The process of developing a suitable measurement was undertaken by item reduction, thus generating a list of 29 items. This led to the development of a self-report survey instrument of the Citizenship Inventory (CI) to measure citizenship participation. Psychometric properties of the CI were evaluated.Phase 2 involved identifying potential factors influencing citizenship participation. Supported by qualitative findings and propositions in the literature, it was predicted that citizenship participation was shaped by a number of factors labelled as civic communication, sense of place, life values and physical and social conditions, via the mediators of self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Measures of proposed independent variables and the two mediating factors identified above were then employed with a sample of 434 typical young adults, using a cross-sectional survey design. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed to investigate the interrelationships of the variables and for testing the goodness-of-fit. The identified variables contributing to citizenship participation in the typical young adults were used to compare against 60 young adults with CP.The results from modelling demonstrated that: 1) citizenship participation is influenced by the personal, social and environmental factors, which is multidimensional and subject to ongoing changes; 2) early positive activity participation creates later engagement in citizenship activities; 3) young adults’ social contexts are important socializing agents that promote citizenship participation; 4) young adults’ values influence civic participation; and 5) life satisfaction and self-efficacy are important mediating factors of citizenship participation.Similar to the typical young adults, young adults with CP developed their capacity for civic service and participation through social relationships and social memberships (formal and informal). The overall results suggest that that young adults with and without disabilities must be supported across many contexts – homes, jobs, social and community situations – to utilize their skills and abilities to actively participate in citizenship activities.Phase Three involved consulting key stakeholders, based on the research findings from the previous two phases, to identify key priorities for enhancing citizenship participation specifically for young adults with CP. These key priorities in turn helped shaping a framework of recommendations for future directions on how to promote and sustain citizenship participation in young adults with CP. The expert panel consisted of eight stakeholders who identified key priorities during a group discussion meeting using Nominal Group Techniques (NGT). Several key topics were evident in this list of priorities nominated by this group. Many of the ideas endorsed by the expert panel on enhancing citizenship participation mirrored the outcomes from the citizenship participation model. They stemmed from the principles of focusing on positive social networks, ongoing skills development, providing customised services, support and information, adopting a holistic lifespan perspective, and linking and providing real-world opportunities and experiences. Priorities identified were grouped into four main recommendations: (1) customise the types of services for each individual; (2) develop strategies to increase positive family and peer support; (3) young adults with a disability seen as competent community builders; and (4) building individual capacity.The present research sought to add to the current knowledge in understanding the changing experiences of citizenship participation of young adults living in Australia and whether young adults with a disability, particularly those with CP shared the same or different citizenship experiences as their non-disabled peers. Findings demonstrate that ideas about citizenship participation are not homogenous as they depend on circumstances. For young adults with and without CP, their citizenship identity is believed to be shaped by age, by societal expectations and by personal experiences. This thesis provides practical implications and a framework for service providers and policy makers that can be implemented to promote positive citizenship participation. This thesis also provides a rationale for further research to investigate other methodologies that enables researchers to explore the positioning and experiences of young adults’ participation in social and civic actions in this changing world.
13
McCarthy, Dayton S. History Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. « The once and future Army : an organizational, political and social history of the Citizen Military Forces, 1947-1974 ». Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. History, 1997. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38747.
Résumé :
This thesis examines the Citizen Military Forces (CMF) from 1947 until it ceased to exist under that name with the release of the report of the Millar Inquiry in 1974. This thesis examines three broad areas: the organizational changes that the CMF adopted or had imposed upon it; the political decision-making surrounding the CMF; and a social analysis of the CMF which questions the viability and validity of a number of the CMF???s long held precepts. The thesis will show that the majority of circumstances and decisions surrounding the CMF were beyond its control. For example, the CMF could not change the prevailing military thought of the post-war period which emphasized increasingly the role of smaller, professional, readily-available armies. The first three chapters recount the CMF???s ???heyday??? in which the Army, assisted by National Service after 1950, was based around it and its influence at the highest levels was strongest. The next two chapters chronicle the background to Australia???s adoption of the ???Pentropic??? organization and the repercussions this had on the CMF. Chapters Six and Seven examine the consequences of the introduction of a second compulsory service scheme and the concomitant result which precluded the CMF from operational service in Vietnam. Chapters Eight and Nine deal with the Millar Inquiry, which offered the CMF a new hope, but in some regards, brought forth little beneficial gains for the CMF. The final chapters analyze some of the characteristics unique to the CMF, such as territorial affiliation, high turnover rates amongst the rank and file and the concept of the ???brilliant amateur???. This thesis concludes that, despite the mixed performance of the CMF, there is still a place for the citizen soldier in contemporary warfare, but far more consideration at the highest political and military levels must be given to the peculiar and difficult, but by no means insurmountable, problems citizen soldiering encounters in Australia.
14
Lyu, Sainan. « Improving the safety communication of ethnic minority workers in the construction industry ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/128445/2/Sainan_Lyu_Thesis.pdf.
Résumé :
This study aims to improve the safety communication of ethnic minority workers (EMWs) in the construction industry. A mixed methods research design was adopted. Semi-structured interviews, Delphi survey and questionnaire surveys were conducted to examine safety and health problems of EMWs, critical safety communication factors, safety communication networks of EM crews, and the effects of safety communication factors and networks on the safety performance of EMWs. The research findings would help industry practitioners to diagnose deficiencies in safety communication management with EMWs, develop effective communication network patterns for EMWs, and improve the safety performance of EMWs.
15
Kinuthia, Wanyee. « “Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry : The Case of Canada ». Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
Résumé :
This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
16
Crook, Christopher J. « Cultural practices and socioeconomic attainment in Australia ». Phd thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144425.
17
Arthurson, Kathy (Kathryn Diane). « Social exclusion as a policy framework for the regeneration of Australian public housing estates ». 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha791.pdf.
Résumé :
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 288-332) Concerned with the utility of the concept of social exclusion in Australian housing and urban policy. The question is explored through comparative analysis of the inclusionary strategies that comprise Australian housing authorities' "whole of government" approaches to estate regeneration, on six case study estates, two each in New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland.
18
Arthurson, Kathryn Diane. « Social exclusion as a policy framework for the regeneration of Australian public housing estates / Kathy Arthurson ». Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21768.
Résumé :
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 288-332)x, 332 leaves : col. ill. ; 30 cm.
Concerned with the utility of the concept of social exclusion in Australian housing and urban policy. The question is explored through comparative analysis of the inclusionary strategies that comprise Australian housing authorities' "whole of government" approaches to estate regeneration, on six case study estates, two each in New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 2001
19
Hansnata, Mayada. « The impact of digital innovation on the social structure of professional public accounting practice in Australia ». Phd thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/108867.
Résumé :
The Impact of Digital Innovation on the Social
Structure of Professional Public Accounting Practice in Australia
Abstract: This thesis investigates the impact of digital
innovation, associated with Standard Business Reporting (SBR) and
cloud accounting, on the social structure of professional public
accounting practice in Australia. Social structure in public
accounting practice refers to the social arrangement of
internally diverse groups of professionals and is hierarchical
due to disparity in intra-professional status. At issue here is
the commodification of traditional accounting work in serving
small-medium enterprises (SMEs), the primary work of small-medium
practitioners (SMPs). The innovation poses both jurisdictional
threats and opportunities for SMPs but has ramifications for
public accounting practice as a whole, due to the nature of the
innovation impacting professional work. The impact on
professional work, creates a ripple effect, altering the
boundaries between different sub-groups within the social
structure of professional public accounting practice, namely
location of work, firm size, firm structure, client base and in
the end professional values. The impact of the digital innovation
on the social structure of public accounting practice is examined
through the lens of the emergence of an organisation field
centring on the commodification of traditional accounting work in
servicing SMEs (i.e., an issue-based approach). From the
perspective of organisational and institutional theory, the
innovation represents a form of exogenous shock to the
institutional environment of professional public accounting
practice in Australia, which disrupts the existing institutional
arrangement and leads to intra-professional competition (i.e.,
institutional war). A mixed methods research approach is carried
out in examining the issues involved. The study finds that the
boundaries associated with professional work, location of work,
firm structure, client base and professional values have become
less distinct. This is attributable to SMPs increasingly becoming
multidisciplinary practices and having a tendency towards a
commercial logic; and larger sub-groups such as the Big 4 and
Next Big 8 expanding their share of the market for servicing
small businesses, including reclaiming bookkeeping as part of
their portfolio of services. Overall, the results indicate that
the professional identities of public accountants in Australia
are less fragmented as professional values converge towards
commercialism. Firm size and the combinations of capitals that
each sub-group possesses are, on the other hand, becoming more
relevant in differentiating between them.
20
Holloway, Geoff. « Access to power : the organisational structure of the wilderness conservation and anti-nuclear movements in Australia / ». 1991. http://adt.lib.utas.edu.au/public/adt-TU20060330.120349.
21
Brewer, Russell Colin. « Policing the waterfront : the social structure of collaborative crime control ». Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150757.
Résumé :
In this thesis I investigate public/private partnerships designed to control criminal activity on the waterfront. Government authorities routinely work together (through interagency partnership), and enlist external stakeholders (through community coproduction) to enhance their crime prevention capabilities. I explore the nature and extent of this engagement on the waterfront, and the manner in which authorities enlist the capital (i.e. physical capital, human capital and social capital) of industry stakeholders as a means of enhancing the provision of security in waterfront communities. Previous research on such public/private engagement in a law enforcement and regulatory context has had a tendency to focus on the physical and human elements of those relationships, and has not fully considered the influence of social structures and social capital as substantive factors affecting collaborative crime control outcomes. In this thesis I propose that the more social capital within a given waterfront community, the greater the likelihood of truly collaborative action taking place. That is, communities exhibiting conditions rich in social capital are more amenable to meaningful public/private engagement, and effective crime control interventions through community coproduction. To test this hypothesis, I examine two distinct waterfront communities, comparing Australia's most established and infamous waterfront community in Melbourne, with America's most active waterfront region, located in metropolitan Los Angeles. The relationships between public and private actors at these two ports are evaluated using a mixed-method approach, drawing upon quantitative and qualitative methodological and analytical techniques, which enable a comprehensive assessment of the 'networks of relationships', and 'norms of trust and reciprocity' (i.e, the social capital) available across these distinct waterfront security networks. The findings show that Americans had far more success than their Australian counterparts in terms of creating social capital and exploiting their network ties in order to enlist community stakeholders in a crime control capacity. Differences prevailed despite the fact that these two ports exhibited striking similarities in terms of physical characteristics, the spectrum of actors involved, governance, regulatory oversight and legislative requirements. The ability of actors in Los Angeles to mobilise their highly connected networks, place trust in their peers, and engage in activities of coproduction is found to be the defining feature of networked policing in Los Angeles. However, as is shown to be the case in Melbourne, the process by which social capital is created and made available to network participants is not without hindrance, and as a result, collaborative efforts can (and do) fall flat. To explain these differences, I demonstrate that successful collaborative crime control endeavours are characterised by a surplus of social capital; and that creating such a surplus requires 'social alignment' amongst all of the various public and private actors involved. Drawing upon these findings, I conclude this thesis by putting forward a series of principles designed to generate discussion about how authorities (particularly those in Melbourne) can go about (re)designing, (re)implementing, and maintaining collaborative interventions on the waterfront - with an eye to fostering social alignment, creating social capital, and ultimately cultivating more efficacious engagement in public/private crime control interventions.
22
Edwards, Marlene. « The social organisation of a secondhand clothing store : informal strategies and social interaction amongst volunteer workers / Marlene Edwards ». 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18614.
Résumé :
Bibliography: leaves [282]-290vii, 290 leaves ; 20 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, 1988
23
Edwards, Marlene. « The social organisation of a secondhand clothing store : informal strategies and social interaction amongst volunteer workers / Marlene Edwards ». Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18614.
24
Garvan, Joan Frances. « Maternal ambivalence in contemporary Australia : navigating equity and care ». Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/49388.
Résumé :
The thesis argues that an important step in an agenda calling for change is a re-signification of the mother–infant connection from a role to a relationship so as to embed the subject position of the woman-as-mother and enhance her reflexive stance. It identifies intersections between structure and agency as played out in the lives of a small group of women in the early years after the birth of their first child. It contributes to a call for transformational change so as to accommodate dependency while attending to gender equal outcomes. The study is multidisciplinary, bringing together gender, sociology, psychoanalysis and health through a conceptual framework informed by the work of Pierre Bourdieu, Cornelius Castoriadis, Jessica Benjamin and Lois McNay. It locates the work of care through the dependency theory of Eva Feder Kittay and Martha Fineman and the proposition that both the state and the market rely on the family for care. Data are drawn from in-depth and semi-structured interviews with sixteen first-time mothers from Sydney and Canberra. The participants self identified from posters circulated through playgroups and childcare centres from northern, southern, eastern and western suburbs to ensure a diverse sample. What has generally been thought of as a paradox between the rights of women and an assertion of gender difference associated with the maternal body can be recast in terms of tensions. The family as a social unit in the early twenty-first century is marked by tension and change evidenced through the experience of women when they first become mothers. Research that focuses on the early years after the birth of an infant under the banner of the Transition to Parenthood brings to light gendered economic outcomes, maternal stress, depression and a decline in marital satisfaction; in essence a mismatch between expectations and experience that is played out through the sense of self. This is a consequence of a divergence between cultural trends and social structuring with a lack of recognition of both intersubjective dynamics between women-as-mothers and their infants and intrapsychic processes of the self. I cast this dissonance in terms of tensions between macrosocial and microsocial factors. A disjuncture is evident through the ambivalences of these new mothers. In the interview data there is a sense of displaced self, difficulties reconnecting with former lives through the workplace, and often disruptions within families arising from unfulfilled expectations. There is nevertheless a strong and abiding connection with their infants. Motherhood is often characterized as selfless. The needs and interests of the infant/child became paramount and this is seen as a good thing, a moral imperative. Identifications with one’s mother and/or the projected interests of the child or family promote continuity while everyday expectations and practices within families point to change. Women have historically promoted both social and cultural capital through asserting the interests of their families and child/ren. However, attending to these related tasks generally comes at an economic cost and at a cost to their health. There is a significant body of both academic and popular texts reflecting on the experience of being a mother at the microsocial level which is accompanied by a common experience of ambivalence in locating the maternal self. There is evidence of movement for change at the macrosocial level through a rethinking of welfare economics, feminist proponents calling for a public ethic of care, trends towards a gender equal or egalitarian family form, a feminist mothers’ movement, and the emergence of a concept of social care.
25
« Parameters of development : The social context of Latin American and East Asian industrialization ». Tulane University, 1997.
Résumé :
The developmental histories of Mexico, Brazil, Taiwan, and South Korea are examined through historical-structural analyses integrating elements from evolving Modernization, Dependency, and World-System perspectives. The notion that Latin American and East Asian industrialization can be understood in terms of monolithic 'development models' defined by contrasting economic policies is rejected. The view that Latin American development has been undermined by protectionist import-substituting industrialization programs while East Asian countries have implemented more effective 'free market' policies is a distortion of the long-term historical facts. The cases' developmental trajectories reflect their participation in competitive historically-conditioned socio-economic and political relations at the state, sub-state, and supra-state levels. Actors seeking to structure the flow of financial, technological, military, labor, and other resources in their favor construct institutions that link actors at the various levels, regulate their interactions, and establish the general parameters of developmental possibilities. State and their aparata are complemented at the sub-state level by classes' and status groups' political parties, unions, religious institutions, business associations, and other organizational resources. At the supra-state level developmental parameters are established by international organizations and regimes. The rise of the Latin American and East Asian NICs is better understood within the context of their long-term incorporation into a globalizing capitalist world-economy, the United States' ascent to world hegemony, the consolidation of competing socialist and capitalist political-economic blocs, and the end of the Cold War. The theories of development that have attempted to explain these transformations have necessarily been influenced by this social contextacase@tulane.edu
26
Fuller, Nicholas Crown. « Landscape genetics and sociobiology of Gould's long-eared bat (Nyctophilus gouldi) and the lesser long-eared bat (N. geoffroyi) in fragmented populations of south-eastern Australia ». Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/90752.
Résumé :
Habitat fragmentation represents one of the greatest threats to biodiversity, yet for the second largest mammalian order Chiroptera we have only just begun to assess the impacts of this threatening process on population connectivity and genetic diversity. Many aspects of chiropteran ecology remain unknown due to their cryptic lifestyle and difficulties in applying traditional observational and field-based techniques. At the time of this PhD project‘s conception there were no published studies utilising genetic techniques to address the influence of habitat fragmentation on any chiropteran species. Since that time two studies have been published, in 2009 and 2011. I add to this new body of literature by conducting genetic analyses to assess population connectivity and genetic diversity in two congeneric vespertilionids, Nyctophilus gouldi and N. geoffroyi. The study was conducted in western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia across a landscape comprising continuous and fragmented regions of native habitat. Populations within continuous forest provided a benchmark for parameters including gene flow, genetic diversity and social structure, for comparison with forest fragments. This thesis also capitalises on the underutilised potential of molecular techniques for the study of chiropterans. I applied molecular approaches to assess dispersal strategies and social structure in both species offering novel ecological insights. Four data chapters covering these topics are outlined below. Chapter 2 describes the isolation and characterisation of 16 microsatellite markers developed to facilitate this research. I utilised next generation sequencing technology (454) to generate a microsatellite DNA library and employed Multiplex Ready Technology (MRT) as a flexible and cost effective method to test primers and design marker panels for screening. DNA was isolated from N. gouldi resulting in 15 loci, while cross amplification in N. geoffroyi produced 7 reliable loci. Chapter 3 addresses the impact of habitat fragmentation on the forest and woodland specialist N. gouldi, which is listed as endangered in South Australia. Based on roosting requirements, rarity in the agricultural landscape and limited dispersal ability I predicted that N. gouldi populations would display reduced gene flow and signs of isolation as a result of habitat fragmentation. This prediction was confirmed by my analyses which identified reduced population connectivity, decreased genetic diversity, elevated measures of relatedness and inbreeding, and altered demography within fragmented populations isolated by ≥27km of agricultural land. Agricultural distances <2km did not influence population connectivity providing a benchmark for habitat restoration to improve connectivity and mitigate population isolation in this species. Management recommendations include the enhancement of population connectivity between threatened SA populations, and recognition of a unique Management Unit at the Grampians National Park. The forth chapter investigates the influence of habitat fragmentation on N. geoffroyi for comparison with N. gouldi. In contrast to N. gouldi, N. geoffroyi is a habitat generalist that occupies a diverse range of ecosystems and which is commonly recorded within agricultural landscapes. N. geoffroyi‘s presence in modified habitat coupled with plastic ecology and roosting requirements led to the prediction that the species would display limited impacts from habitat fragmentation. My analyses again confirmed this prediction with N. geoffroyi displaying virtually no response to habitat fragmentation and a panmictic population structure across the study region. The comparison between N. geoffroyi and N. gouldi provided an opportunity to test the merit of several proposed predictors of bat vulnerability to habitat fragmentation, in particular wing morphology, matrix tolerance, specialisation and geographic range. The much touted predictor wing morphology failed to predict differing responses from the two species while the following three predictors listed above received further support from this study. I conclude that wing morphology may still be a useful predictor of bat vulnerability to habitat fragmentation when coupled with other indicators such as matrix tolerance and habitat specialisation. The fifth and final data chapter utilises molecular analyses to assess several previously unknown aspects of N. gouldi and N. geoffroyi ecology, dispersal strategies, mating systems and social structure. N. gouldi displayed patterns consistent with female natal philopatry, male biased dispersal and a polygynous mating system, while no such evidence was found for N. geoffroyi. Results for N. geoffroyi may have been influenced by larger population sizes which, coupled with higher dispersal rates, may have masked any evidence of sex-biased dispersal. Both species displayed significant numbers of relatives at the population level, with N. gouldi displaying particularly high levels of related females. N. geoffroyi displayed higher numbers of relatives at the roost level indicating that kin selection may play an important role in social structure and cooperative roosting. Despite significant numbers of related N. geoffroyi at the roost level, the vast majority of pairwise comparisons indicated no relationship between individuals suggesting that the dominant driver of sociality and cooperative behaviour may not be solely based on relatedness. Nevertheless, high incidence of related females at the population level for N. gouldi, and at the roost level for N. geoffroyi, suggests that the bonds between related females are an important aspect of Nyctophilus behavioural ecology and social structure.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2013
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Prasad, Srirupa. « Social production of hygiene : domesticity, gender, and nationalism in late colonial Bengal and India / ». 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3223694.
Résumé :
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: A, page: 2774. Adviser: Winifred Poster. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-194) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
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« Organizational effectiveness of elites in the Congress Party of India ». Tulane University, 1991.
Résumé :
The Congress Party has governed India for most of its post-independence existence. As the dominant party, its internal processes are determined by examining the interaction between the organization's hierarchy. The intermediate elite forms a vital part of this internal process. At the national level, they interact with the high command; at the local level, they work in the state and district party organizations. Intermediate elites' may be constrained by party discipline imposed by the high command. They find opportunities for individual initiative at the local and regional levels. Intermediate elites display ideological and pragmatic behavior tendencies. They view the political arena as an open competitive forum. Elites generally embrace the notion of the political entrepreneur. Elites play the role of ombudsmen and as factional leaders in party affairs. In most instances, the intermediate elite is unable to resolve basic social conflicts caused by rapid social change. The primary mode of behavior is the distribution of patronage. Elites strive to build linkages beyond their constituency and groups upwards in the party and outward in society in an effort to control the very competitive political environmentacase@tulane.edu
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McAree, Andrew James. « Social mobility, Australian rules football and the Aboriginal athlete : a contemporary perspective ». Thesis, 1995. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15401/.
Résumé :
Aboriginal Australians clearly occupy a marginal position within the class structure of Australian society. They experience discrimination in all public forums and have differential access to health care and education. As such, it appears that Aborigines are disadvantaged in relation to opportunities for achieving upward social mobility. International research into the relationship between race, ethnicity and sport has suggested that professional sports participation may positively assist members of minority groups to achieve upward social mobility.
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Schwab, Robert. « The "Blackfella Way" : ideology and practice in an urban Aboriginal community ». Phd thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110284.
Résumé :
This is a study of urban Aboriginal ideology, conducted in Adelaide, South
Australia. It addresses the issue of Aboriginal identity and argues that in order
to understand the Aboriginal sense of self it is necessary to examine the tension
between history, ideas, dispositions and social practice in the context of the
objective conditions of daily life. The thesis is that there exists among
Aborigines in Adelaide an ideational system they refer to as the "Blackfella
Way". An overview of the structure and content of the Blackfella Way in terms
of its two distinct and complementary dimensions, essence and style, is
presented. It is argued that this system is an historical, cognitive and social
construction which synthesizes the tone, texture, style, and mood of life and
provides a conceptual and practical framework through which individuals
formulate, think about &mi act in the world.
The process whereby the ideational system is translated into ideology and the
structural position of Aborigines in Adelaide reproducer :s also examined.
Consideration is given to the ways in which social and ideological formations
mediate the influence of external events and forces and shape human practice
are explored. It is argued that through the process of symbolic violence, the
limitations of the objective conditions become internalized and appropriated.
Objective conditions thus inform and frame the ideological system which
Aboriginal actors produce, reproduce and which ultimately reproduces the
existing imbalance of power.
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Li, Yongqiang. « Governance, Regulation and Performance of Non-listed Small Corporations in Australia : a Structural Equation Modelling Approach ». Thesis, 2014. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/25854/.
Résumé :
Small corporations are the backbone of the Australian economy. Various studies have
explored corporate governance as it applies to larger organisations. Few studies, however,
have examined how corporate governance relates to small corporations. The “one size fits all
model” adopted by most of the corporations’ law frameworks and the “comply or explain”
mentality places a significant amount of unnecessary and disproportionate compliance burden
on small businesses. Worse still, non-listed small corporations are losers of the “corporate
governance reform competition”, given their resource constraints.
There is a dearth of evidence on the relationship between governance, regulation and
performance of non-listed small corporations. Only in recent years have researchers in the
field started to explore the governance issues facing small corporations in North America and
Europe. Existing empirical studies have mainly focused on isolated governance mechanisms,
while the interaction between different governance mechanisms has been ignored.
This project intends to address these gaps by applying systematic review, meta-analysis, Path
Analysis (PA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The systematic review identifies
relevant theories on the governance and regulation of small corporations. Grounded in these
theories, meta-analyses have been applied to synthesize existing empirical evidence in view
to developing a conceptual framework. A structured online questionnaire was employed to
collect data, yielding 387 responses. Multiple indicators were adopted to measure five latent
constructs such as governance, regulation, financial performance, social performance and
sustainable performance. PA estimated the direct and indirect effects of governance
mechanism on performance. SEM was introduced to confirm the hypothesized relationships,
controlling variables such as firm age, size, and development stage. The results revealed (1) the measurement models for four latent constructs including
corporate governance, government regulation, financial performance and CSR; (2) the impact
of individual governance mechanisms on performance; (3) governance as a bundle has
negative impacts on both financial performance and CSR; (4) regulation has a positive impact
on financial performance and CSR. Policy recommendations were developed based on the
empirical evidence established from this study.
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Hao, Jichun. « Attachment, mindfulness, and social integration in the adjustment of Australian and Chinese university students : a cross-cultural comparison ». Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1405218.
Résumé :
Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)University education has become a national priority for many countries, but for individual students it introduces new academic, social, and emotional challenges. While this is a very exciting period, studies from Western and Eastern cultures indicated that university students experience enhanced psychological distress at a higher rate compared to the rest of the population. To address the gaps in the previous research, this project examines an array of interpersonal and intrapersonal factors to compare how students in a Western (Australia) and an Eastern (China) country adjust to university. Individuals’ mental representations of themselves and of others, or attachment orientations, influence how they rely on attachment figures to regulate emotions. These attachment expectancies also affect the tendency to seek social engagement at university, which itself is important for wellbeing. Trait mindfulness is argued to represent a set of individually based emotion regulation strategies, moderating one’s responses to sensations, thoughts, and emotions. Students’ cultural beliefs, such as the endorsement of individualism and collectivism, are also related to psychological health through multiple pathways. As the first study to consider these factors in one study, the current investigation proposed and examined a model of university adjustment in two cultural groups at two time points. At Wave 1, 426 Australian and 626 Chinese students were recruited to complete an online survey. Both groups of students showed higher distress levels compared to previous data on general public and student samples. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses failed to demonstrate measurement invariance for the five measures so the two groups were analysed separately. Structural equation modelling (SEM) indicated that the proposed model with some modifications was supported. Trait mindfulness mediated the paths from both attachment dimensions to psychological distress, with the path from trait mindfulness to psychological distress being extremely large in both cultural groups. However, university social integration showed no effect on psychological distress and was not a significant mediator in either group. Despite these similarities, there were some cross-cultural differences in relation to university social integration and collectivism. After six months, there was a high attrition rate, with only 87 Australian and 84 Chinese students completing the follow-up survey. Modified analyses indicated that neither group of students experienced significant changes in psychological distress over time. Overall, the findings highlighs the challenges with respect to conceptual and statistical approaches to cross-cultural research. The large overlap between trait mindfulness and psychological distress may reflect problems in the definitions and/or operationalisation of dispositional mindfulness and warrants further investigation. Approaches to the role of social integration in university adjustment also need to be re-considered. The limitations of the thesis, such as the self-report, correlational data, the focus on two selected cultures, and the high attrition rate at the second wave were also discussed.
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Simonds, Debra. « The role of CSR engagement strategies in firm performance : a dynamic capabilities framework ». Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1300078.
Résumé :
Professional Doctorate - Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)This study examines the performance implications of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) applying the dynamic capabilities view (Teece, Pisano and Shuen, 1997; Teece, 2007). It addresses the general question of whether differing financial performance among firms can be attributed to: 1. The firm’s operational CSR engagement capabilities. ; 2. The firm’s dynamic capabilities. ; 3. The moderating effect of competitive intensity (Wilden, Gudergan, Nielson and Lings, 2013) and stakeholder volatility concerning the effects of dynamic capabilities. ; 4. The moderating effect of strategic alignment, length of engagement and reputation concerning the effects of operational CSR capabilities. Data was collected from 94 senior managers from small, medium and large Australian firms. A model was analysed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) drawing on the SmartPLS software V3.19 (Ringle, Wende and Becker, 2014). Findings suggest that dynamic capabilities do not have a direct effect on financial performance (Zott, 2003) but instead they operate through the mediating effect of the firm’s operational CSR capabilities thereby affecting firm performance. This study did not identify empirical support for the hypothesised moderating effects concerning the relationship between dynamic and operational CSR capabilities, or for those moderating the effect of operational CSR capabilities on corporate financial performance (CFP). The managerial implications from the research suggest that firms can use their CSR operational capabilities to generate increased financial performance as measured by increased net income and return on assets. Further, firms would benefit from developing dynamic capabilities – sensing, seizing and reconfiguring (Teece et al., 1997) which would assist the firm to maintain currency of their organisational CSR capabilities so that they continue to meet the needs of stakeholders.