Bibliographies thématiques / Social sciences -> psychology -> general

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Social sciences -> psychology -> general »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 25 juillet 2024

Mis à jour le 28 juillet 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Social sciences -> psychology -> general"

Bzymek, Agnieszka. « Towards Resilience in Social Sciences-from Psychology to Social Pedagogy ». Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe 2021(42), n^o 4 (décembre 2021) : 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21852/sem.2021.4.04.

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In the view of recent social sciences, the concept of resilience is associated primarily with positive adaptation regarding people exposed to various adversities and traumatic events for both children and adults. The majority of researchers ultimately agree on the coexistence of several factors affecting the disruption of an individual's functioning, illness or social maladaptation. With reference to social pedagogy, the category of resilience being not only psychological, finds comprehensive application to human and social life, including social problems, social exclusion and threats regarding family, school and education environment, and, finally, assistance in development processes and education of adults and the elderly. The aim of the article is to point out the indicated aspects.

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Roeckelein, Jon E. « Hierarchy of the Sciences and Terminological Sharing of Laws among the Sciences ». Psychological Reports 81, n^o 3 (décembre 1997) : 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.81.3.739.

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A variable called index of terminological sharing that measures the extent to which one science shares lawful concepts from another science was used to assess hypotheses concerning the concept of an hierarchy of sciences and psychology's terminological relationship with other sciences. (1) The values of the index will be relatively small for the natural sciences (physics, chemistry, biology) as compared to the relatively large values for the social sciences (anthropology, sociology), and (2) the index's value for psychology will be closer to the mean value of the social sciences than to that of the natural sciences. Analysis showed only a 17% agreement between the present data and the relative ordering of the sciences assumed by the hierarchy. Hypothesis 1 was confirmed, but not Hypothesis 2. Index values for psychology were closer to those of the natural sciences than to those of the social sciences. Psychology appears to have a relatively high terminological independence concerning citation of shared lawful concepts in textbooks as compared to other sciences, but also psychology shows a large and disproportionate use of eponyms in references to shared lawful concepts. It was suggested that new quantitative-comparative measures, in addition to the present index, be developed to understand further psychology's relationships with other sciences.

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Batel, Susana, et Rita Guerra. « Social psychology as a social science ». Portuguese Journal of Social Science 18, n^o 2 (1 juin 2019) : 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/pjss_00001_2.

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Resch, Mária, et Tamás Bella. « Political psychology ». Orvosi Hetilap 154, n^o 16 (avril 2013) : 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2013.29582.

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In Hungary one can mostly find references to the psychological processes of politics in the writings of publicists, public opinion pollsters, philosophers, social psychologists, and political analysts. It would be still important if not only legal scientists focusing on political institutions or sociologist-politologists concentrating on social structures could analyse the psychological aspects of political processes; but one could also do so through the application of the methods of political psychology. The authors review the history of political psychology, its position vis-à-vis other fields of science and the essential interfaces through which this field of science, which is still to be discovered in Hungary, connects to other social sciences. As far as its methodology comprising psycho-biographical analyses, questionnaire-based queries, cognitive mapping of interviews and statements are concerned, it is identical with the psychiatric tools of medical sciences. In the next part of this paper, the focus is shifted to the essence and contents of political psychology. Group dynamics properties, voters’ attitudes, leaders’ personalities and the behavioural patterns demonstrated by them in different political situations, authoritativeness, games, and charisma are all essential components of political psychology, which mostly analyses psychological-psychiatric processes and also involves medical sciences by relying on cognitive and behavioural sciences. This paper describes political psychology, which is basically part of social sciences, still, being an interdisciplinary science, has several ties to medical sciences through psychological and psychiatric aspects. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 619–626.

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Roeckelein, Jon E. « Psychology among the Sciences : Comparisons of Numbers of Theories and Laws Cited in Textbooks ». Psychological Reports 80, n^o 1 (février 1997) : 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.80.1.131.

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A measure called “theories-to-laws ratio” (number of cited theories divided by number of cited laws in textbooks) was used to assess hypotheses concerning the concept of an “hierarchy of sciences” and psychology's place among the sciences. (1) The ratio will be well-balanced, i.e., show low values, for the “natural” sciences (physics, chemistry, biology) and be poorly balanced, i.e., show high values, for the “social” sciences (anthropology, sociology). (2) The theories-to-laws ratio of psychology will be closer to the mean of the “social” sciences than to the mean of the “natural” sciences. Analysis showed a 67% agreement between the present data and the predicted “hierarchy of sciences” relative ordering of the sciences so Hypotheses 1 and 2 were confirmed. Other quantitative measures, in addition to this ratio, might be developed to evaluate further psychology's place among the sciences.

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James, Keith. « Social Psychology ». Social Science Computer Review 18, n^o 2 (mai 2000) : 196–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089443930001800208.

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Sjöström, Arne, Alexandra Sowka, Mario Gollwitzer, Christoph Klimmt et Tobias Rothmund. « Exploring Audience Judgments of Social Science in Media Discourse ». Journal of Media Psychology 25, n^o 1 (janvier 2013) : 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000077.

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In contrast to research on the communication of “hard” sciences (e.g., nanotechnology), research on public assessments of social science’s role in media discourse is rare. Extending previous work on how the general audience perceives and assesses the quality of journalistic news reports about scientific research programs and their respective results, the present study explored how the lay audience perceives and evaluates the visibility of social sciences in the media discourse on controversial public issues (in this particular case, the violent video games debate). The results revealed that the public audience recognizes a high visibility of social sciences and furthermore believes that social sciences can substantially contribute to the public debate about violent video games and their effects. Moreover, we found a positive association between people’s recognition of social sciences in the debate and the quality of journalistic coverage on the violent video games debate. These findings are discussed with regard to their implications for research on public understanding of, and public engagement with, science.

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Kanke, Victor Andreevich, Natalya Ilinichna Kiseleva, Tatiana Nikolaevna Seregina, Elena Vitalievna Tarakanovskaya et Ilya Vadimovich Opryshko. « The complementarity of sociology and psychology and their general scientific significance ». LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, n^o 1 (4 janvier 2021) : 390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-6220202171747p.390-395.

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The nature of sociology and psychology is clarified accounting for the achievements of modern philosophy of science. The general scientific significance of these sciences is determined in accordance with said clarification. Any scientific theory functions, in particular, in the form of group and individual theories. In this connection, the general scientific significance of sociology and psychology becomes evident. The status of sociology is primarily determined by the study of group theories that have general scientific significance. The status of psychology is determined by individual theories. Its priority in this area is also indisputable. Therefore, same as sociology, psychology presents a science of auxiliary nature. Auxiliary sciences are necessary for the development of the content of the independent sciences. Unfortunately, the mainstream tendency is that both sociology and psychology are considered independent branches of science. In this regard, the status of sociology is determined by a certain class of social phenomena, and the status of psychology is determined by mental processes.

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Ash, Mitchell G. « Historicizing Mind Science : Discourse, Practice, Subjectivity ». Science in Context 5, n^o 2 (1992) : 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700001150.

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It is no longer necessary to defend current historiography of psychology against the strictures aimed at its early text book incarnations in the 1960s and 1970s. At that time, Robert Young (1966) and others denigrated then standard textbook histories of psychology for their amateurism and their justifications propaganda for specific standpoints in current psychology, disguised as history. Since then, at least some textbooks writers and working historians of psychology have made such criticisms their own (Leahey 1986; Furumoto 1989). The demand for textbook histories continues nonetheless. Psychology, at least in the United States, remains the only discipline that makes historical representations of itself in the form of “history and systems” courses an official part of its pedagogical canon, required, interestingly enough, for the license in clinical practice (see Ash 1983).1In the meantime, the professionalization of scholarship in history of psychology has proceeded apace. All of the trends visible in historical and social studies of other sciences, as well as in general cultural and intellectual history, are noe present in the historical study of psychology. Yet despite the visibility and social importance of psychology's various applications, and the prominence of certain schools of psychological thought such as behaviorism and psychoanalysis in contemporary cultural and political debate, the historiography of psychology has continued to hold a marginal position in history and social studies of science.

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Bollen, Kenneth A. « Latent Variables in Psychology and the Social Sciences ». Annual Review of Psychology 53, n^o 1 (février 2002) : 605–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135239.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Social sciences -> psychology -> general"

Sammut, Gordon. « The point of view : towards a social psychology of relativity ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/96/.

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The explanation of social behaviour requires an understanding of individual orientations to social issues as these exist relative to others. This thesis argues that whilst the attitude concept and social representations have illuminated certain aspects of social behaviour, both are handicapped by a restricted focus. The former’s focus on the evaluation of attitude objects excludes a reference to wider societal processes. The latter provides an account of societal contingencies, but excludes an explanation of individual orientations towards objects and issues in the social environment. This thesis postulates the point of view concept to bridge this gap, that provides an explanation of social behaviour at the situational level. This complements attitude and social representations in a nested, multilevel explanation of social behaviour. The point of view is defined as an outlook towards a social event, expressed as a claim, which can be supported by an argument of opinion based on a system of knowledge from which it derives its logic. It reflects an individual’s orientation towards a social object, relative to others. This thesis has demonstrated, in a series of empirical studies, that the point of view can be typified in three categories. A monological point of view is closed to another’s perspective. A dialogical point of view acknowledges another’s perspective but dismisses it as wrong. A metalogical point of view acknowledges the relativity of its’ perspective, and concedes to an alternative the possibility of being right. These different types were demonstrated to be characterised by differences in positioning and in individuals’ capacity to fit a given social reality. Such relational outcomes accrue as a function of the socio-cognitive structure of points of view in relation with another perspective. This thesis demonstrates that points of view, alongside attitudes and social representations, provides a multilevel explanation of social behaviour

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Collins, Kirsty-Lee. « Social media use, social anxiety and the relationship with life satisfaction ». Thesis, University of Essex, 2017. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/19586/.

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Introduction: There has been a growing interest around the use of the Internet, and more recently the role of social media use, within all aspects of day-to-day living. Previous research has found contrasting relationship s between social media use and meaningful social connectivity. Some suggesting Facebook can provide a 'social compensation'; offering an opportunity of developing positive social relationships and self-exploration (Indian & Grieves, 2014; Selfout et al., 2009; Ellison, Steinfield & Lampe, 2008). Other research argued that those who most benefitted from social media already have good social links, thus a 'rich get richer' effect (Kraut et al., 2002). Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social anxiety symptoms, passive and active Facebook use and online and offline relationships (bridging and bonding) to life satisfaction. Method: A total of 124 completed online questionnaires were collected. The participants completed five quantitative measures. The link to the study was posted on related Facebook pages and online social anxiety forums. Results: The results demonstrated a positive correlation between social anxiety and passive and active Facebook use, but only a significant negative correlation between active Facebook use and life satisfaction. There was also a negative correlation between social anxiety and life satisfaction. A mediation analysis suggested that social anxiety acted as a significant mediating variable between active Facebook use and life satisfaction. Furthermore, a hierarchical regression suggested that it was, when controlling for social anxiety, face-to-face bonding relationship that was the most significant predictor variable for life satisfaction. Clinical implications: The study does not argue a causal relationship between Facebook use, social anxiety, relationship types and a negative impact on life satisfaction. However it does highlighted interesting significant correlation between Facebook use, social anxiety and life satisfaction. This would suggest that within clinical practice an individual’s digital life should be thought about, alongside the more traditional ideas of social networks. Furthermore, the clinical focus of developing of an individual’s face-to-face relationships remains an important factor associated with life satisfaction.

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Kennedy, Caitlin E. « Parental Adherence Intentions for Obese Children's Health Behaviors| Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior ». Thesis, The George Washington University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3592033.

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The current study examined how parental underestimations of child’s weight status, parental worry, and the Theory of Planned Behavior variables (attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control) predict intentions to adhere to the American Academy of Pediatrics’ (AAP) recommendations of four childhood health behaviors. These behaviors include: 1) eating five fruits and/or vegetables per day; 2) spending two hours or less on screen time (television, computer, and video games) per day; 3) engaging in at least one hour of physical activity per day; and 4) limiting (having zero) sugarsweetened beverages. Parents (N = 78) of overweight and obese children, ages six to 13 years old, were recruited from pediatric medical clinics and participated in an online study, where they were exposed to these AAP behavioral recommendations for children and completed online measures. Attitudes predicted of behavioral intentions for all recommendations except fruit and vegetable consumption. Subjective norms marginally predicted behavioral intentions for physical activity and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Perceived behavioral control predicted behavioral intentions for the four recommendations. Parental worry predicted behavioral intentions for fruit and vegetable consumption. Additional theoretical and practical implications of this research are also discussed.

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Redhead, Daniel Joseph. « The dynamics of social hierarchy ». Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/23263/.

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A growing body of research has outlined that humans gain social rank through two pathways: prestige and dominance. This dual model of social hierarchy advocates that individuals either attain positions of high rank though signals of an ability and willingness to either inflict harm (dominance) or confer benefits (prestige) to group members. While there is growing support for the dual model of social hierarchy, the extant empirical evidence has been cross-sectional and has neglected the impact that time and context has on the efficacy of prestige and dominance as long-term processes. The present research outlines a theoretical framework for the trajectories of prestige, dominance and social rank over time, and further provides longitudinal evidence of their temporal dynamics. In addition, the current research tests the longitudinal associations that prestige and dominance have with social networks, Results of study 1 suggest that, in collaborative task groups, prestige has a positive and bidirectional temporal association with social rank, while the association that dominance has diminished over time. Study 2 indicated that in these task groups those high in prestige were more likely to be asked advice and prestige was transmitted through advice ties but had a limited association with friendship. Those high in dominance were less likely to be nominated as friends, but dominance was transmitted through friendship ties. Results from Study 3 suggest that those high in prestige status were more likely to aid in food sharing and food production, and that the prestige status of an individual’s food sharing and food production partners increased their prestige status over a period of twelve years among the Tsimane forager-horticulturalists of Bolivia. Overall, the present research highlights the distinction between prestige and dominance over time and shows that prestige, dominance, social rank and social networks have bidirectional, dynamic relationships over time.

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Fernández, Duque Mauricio. « Essays on Social Influence in Political Economy : How Expectations and Identity Affect Pro-Social Leading and Following ». Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17463132.

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By social influence I understand the change in an individual’s thoughts, feelings, attitudes or behaviors that results from interactions with another individual or group. Political, commercial and public health campaigns rely at least partly on influence. Without influence, we have a hard time explaining voter turnout, fads or contagious health behaviors. In my research I focus on pro-social behavior and the de-decentralized provision of public goods, and I ask when and why people are influenced by others as well as when and why people attempt to influence others to “do the right thing”. These questions help us understand human motivation in social contexts, and thus may also help us design policies that can nudge behavior towards more socially desirable, welfare enhancing outcomes. Despite the importance of influence, its study is scattered across disciplines. In my research, I seek to bridge the disciplinary gap through a three-pronged approach. First, I incorporate concepts found in psychology into a decision-theoretic framework. Second, I experimentally test for hypotheses that are derived from this formalization. Third, I use game theory to derive novel conclusions about how aggregate behavior changes when these concepts are incorporated and propose policy recommendations. My dissertation follows parts of this procedure and points to next steps for two psychology concepts: social identity adoption and social expectations. In chapter 1, I write down a unifying model of social identity adoption that integrates different strands in the economics and psychology literature. I provide evidence for the main predictions of this model with a large scale field experiment on charitable giving in Mexico. In chapter 2, joint with Michael Hiscox, we write down a model from which we derive conditions for distinguishing between a social expectations and an altruism explanation to pro-social influence. Results from a laboratory experiment show that most pro-social influence is due to social expectations. In chapter 3, I integrate this social expectations model into a sequential decision setting. I use this to derive a novel model of pluralistic ignorance, and argue that this model explains why uninformed individuals can be leaders in a way past models could not.
Political Economy and Government

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Boyle, Stephanie Claire. « Investigating the neural mechanisms underlying audio-visual perception using electroencephalography (EEG) ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8874/.

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Traditionally research into how we perceive our external world focused on the unisensory approach, examining how information is processed by one sense at a time. This produced a vast literature of results revealing how our brains process information from the different senses, from fields such as psychophysics, animal electrophysiology, and neuroimaging. However, we know from our own experiences that we use more than one sense at a time to understand our external world. Therefore to fully understand perception, we must understand not only how the brain processes information from individual sensory modalities, but also how and when this information interacts and combines with information from other modalities. In short, we need to understand the phenomenon of multisensory perception. The work in this thesis describes three experiments aimed to provide new insights into this topic. Specifically, the three experiments presented here focused on examining when and where effects related to multisensory perception emerged in neural signals, and whether or not these effects could be related to behaviour in a time-resolved way and on a trial-by-trial basis. These experiments were carried out using a novel combination of psychophysics, high density electroencephalography (EEG), and advanced computational methods (linear discriminant analysis and mutual information analysis). Experiment 1 (Chapter 3) investigated how behavioural and neural signals are modulated by the reliability of sensory information. Previous work has shown that subjects will weight sensory cues in proportion to their relative reliabilities; high reliability cues are assigned a higher weight and have more influence on the final perceptual estimate, while low reliability cues are assigned a lower weight and have less influence. Despite this widespread finding, it remains unclear when neural correlates of sensory reliability emerge during a trial, and whether or not modulations in neural signals due to reliability relate to modulations in behavioural reweighting. To investigate these questions we used a combination of psychophysics, EEG-based neuroimaging, single-trial decoding, and regression modelling. Subjects performed an audio-visual rate discrimination task where the modality (auditory, visual, audio-visual), stimulus stream rate (8 to 14 Hz), visual reliability (high/low), and congruency in rate between audio-visual stimuli (± 2 Hz) were systematically manipulated. For the behavioural and EEG components (derived using linear discriminant analysis), a set of perceptual and neural weights were calculated for each time point. The behavioural results revealed that participants weighted sensory information based on reliability: as visual reliability decreased, auditory weighting increased. These modulations in perceptual weights emerged early after stimulus onset (48 ms). The EEG data revealed that neural correlates of sensory reliability and perceptual weighting were also evident in decoding signals, and that these occurred surprisingly early in the trial (84 ms). Finally, source localisation suggested that these correlates originated in early sensory (occipital/temporal) and parietal regions respectively. Overall, these results provide the first insights into the temporal dynamics underlying human cue weighting in the brain, and suggest that it is an early, dynamic, and distributed process in the brain. Experiment 2 (Chapter 4) expanded on this work by investigating how oscillatory power was modulated by the reliability of sensory information. To this end, we used a time-frequency approach to analyse the data collected for the work in Chapter 3. Our results showed that significant effects in the theta and alpha bands over fronto-central regions occurred during the same early time windows as a shift in perceptual weighting (100 ms and 250 ms respectively). Specifically, we found that theta power (4 - 6 Hz) was lower and alpha power (10 – 12 Hz) was higher in audio-visual conditions where visual reliability was low, relative to conditions where visual reliability was high. These results suggest that changes in oscillatory power may underlie reliability based cue weighting in the brain, and that these changes occur early during the sensory integration process. Finally, Experiment 3 (Chapter 5) moved away from examining reliability based cue weighting and focused on investigating cases where spatially and temporally incongruent auditory and visual cues interact to affect behaviour. Known collectively as “cross-modal associations”, past work has shown that observers have preferred and non-preferred stimuli pairings. For example, subjects will frequently pair high pitched tones with small objects and low pitched tones with large objects. However it is still unclear when and where these associations are reflected in neural signals, and whether they emerge at an early perceptual level or later decisional level. To investigate these questions we used a modified version of the implicit association test (IAT) to examine the modulation of behavioural and neural signals underlying an auditory pitch – visual size cross modal association. Congruency was manipulated by assigning two stimuli (one auditory and one visual) to each of the left or right response keys and changing this assignment across blocks to create congruent (left key: high tone – small circle, right key: low tone – large circle) and incongruent (left key: low tone – small circle, right key: high tone – large circle) pairings of stimuli. On each trial, subjects were presented with only one of the four stimuli (auditory high tone, auditory low tone, visual small circle, visual large circle), and asked to respond which was presented as quickly and accurately as possible. The key assumption with such a design is that subjects should respond faster when associated (i.e. congruent) stimuli are assigned to the same response key than when two non-associated stimuli are. In line with this, our behavioural results demonstrated that subjects responded faster on blocks where congruent pairings of stimuli were assigned to the response keys (high pitch-small circle and low pitch large circle), than blocks where incongruent pairings were. The EEG results demonstrated that information about auditory pitch and visual size could be extracted from neural signals using two approaches to single-trial analysis (linear discriminant analysis and mutual information analysis) early during the trial (50ms), with the strongest information contained over posterior and temporal electrodes for auditory trials, and posterior electrodes for visual trials. EEG components related to auditory pitch were significantly modulated by cross-modal congruency over temporal and frontal regions early in the trial (~100ms), while EEG components related to visual size were modulated later (~220ms) over frontal and temporal electrodes. For the auditory trials, these EEG components were significantly predictive of single trial reaction times, yet for the visual trials the components were not. As a result, the data support an early and short-latency origin of cross-modal associations, and suggest that these may originate in a bottom-up manner during early sensory processing rather than from high-level inference processes. Importantly, the findings were consistent across both analysis methods, suggesting these effects are robust. To summarise, the results across all three experiments showed that it is possible to extract meaningful, single-trial information from the EEG signal and relate it to behaviour on a time resolved basis. As a result, the work presented here steps beyond previous studies to provide new insights into the temporal dynamics of audio-visual perception in the brain.
All experiments, although employing different paradigms and investigating different processes, showed early neural correlates related to audio-visual perception emerging in neural signals across early sensory, parietal, and frontal regions. Together, these results provide support for the prevailing modern view that the entire cortex is essentially multisensory and that multisensory effects can emerge at all stages during the perceptual process.

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Faughn, Carley E. « Social and Physical Cognition in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes )| Preliminary Investigation of Domain-General versus Domain-Specific Intelligence ». Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3622935.

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Comparative and evolutionary cognitive scientists disagree on whether human and nonhuman primate cognition is driven by a general intelligence or more specific, modular mechanisms. Comparative research with chimpanzees is extensive and provides the opportunity to better understand the evolution of human cognition. Little research has been dedicated to individual differences in chimpanzee social and physical cognition. The study of individual differences can be informative in better understanding the generality of primate intelligence. Results supporting a correlation between performances in the social and physical domains would suggest that a domain-general inference system may be responsible. If no relationship is revealed between performances then more compartmentalized, modular mechanisms may be responsible. As a preliminary investigation, I administered four studies focusing on social and physical cognition to a large number of captive chimpanzees. Performance on two tool-using tasks served as indicators of physical intelligence. I administered two social investigations regarding individual variation in social responsiveness and sociability. I did not find a correlation between the social and physical investigations; however strong individual differences in performances were observed. Demographic factors sometimes played a role in the results presented here (e.g. dominance rank and age). While this research does not demonstrate a relationship between sociability and physical intelligence, additional social measures should be utilized in order to measure social cognitive ability in chimpanzees. Focusing on individual differences with a battery of social and physical tasks will be informative regarding the structure of primate intelligence and the underlying cognitive mechanisms that are responsible.

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Wagschal, Rolf Daniel. « A QUALITATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE PERCEPTIONS OF NCAA DIVISION IA COACHES ABOUT THE FIELD OF SPORT PSYCHOLOGY ». Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/62493.

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Kinesiology
Ph.D.
This study was conducted using qualitative measures to determine how head coaches at NCAA Division IA schools perceive the field of sport psychology. Specifically, the following areas were addressed: (a) How do collegiate coaches perceive of the merit of the various titles used by professionals working in the area of sport and exercise psychology, (b) How do coaches perceive the field of sport psychology as a whole (i.e., the potential benefits of employing an sport psychology consultant (SPC)), and (c) What potential barriers must be overcome in order to make sport psychology more appealing and available to coaches and how might those barriers be overcome? A descriptive qualitative design was used to examine the coaches' perceptions. Fourteen coaches participated in semi-structured interviews to gain insight into how the coaching community perceives the field of sport psychology. All interviews were conducted over the phone, and the time required for the interviews ranged from 22-51 minutes (M = 34.5 minutes). Coaches' ages ranged from 38-64 years (M = 48 years) with the number of years as head coach at their respective schools ranging from 3-25 years (M = 12.29 years). Once completed, all interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed through an inductive open coding process to allow themes to emerge from the data. Four major themes emerged from the data (i.e., perceptions, desires, barriers, and hierarchy), with 10 associated subthemes that described the overall perceptions and impressions of the participants. The coaches generally had a positive view of sport psychology and the services that SPCs are able to offer. However, they often expressed the fact that, despite their own personal opinions, they felt confined by a number of barriers that prevented them from hiring an SPC. Unfortunately, sport psychology is still viewed largely as too costly of a service and, as such, falls rather low on the list of needs that coaches must consider in the execution of their duties. In an attempt to provide a better understanding of the needs of collegiate coaches, a theoretical model for understanding where sport psychology ranks with regards to other support personnel was developed.
Temple University--Theses

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Ozyilmaz, Betul. « Political Psychology In Understanding Al-qaeda : Why And How ? » Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614358/index.pdf.

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This thesis is concerned with political psychology as an academic field with regard to the explanatory power of political psychology accounts in understanding the al-Qaeda network. Understanding al-Qaeda as a network of cells dispersed worldwide and in cooperation with local militant Islamist groups requires analysis at individual and group level, a multidisciplinary and multimethod research and focus on context and process. In this sense, political psychology accounts appear to have explanatory power to understand the al-Qaeda network, utilizing the defining characteristics of the field. Analyzing al-Qaeda through the lenses of political psychology, it can be concluded that psychoanalytically based approaches may not be very relevant to approach al-Qaeda. In this regard, this thesis promotes the study of the al-Qaeda network by concentrating on the group level of analysis. In this context, sociological accounts, social psychological framework of moral disengagement mechanisms, developmental psychology approach of social learning theory and large group in its own right provide us with powerful frameworks to study the causes, process and effects of al-Qaeda&rsquo
s terrorist activities.

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McCormack, Dianne. « The meaning of health to homeless persons / ». Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59536.

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A qualitative study that utilized a convenience sample of 29 individuals was conducted to uncover the meaning of health as it is experienced by homeless persons. Analysis revealed that homeless persons have two distinct conceptions of health: the characteristics that describe health, and a comprehensive view of the totality of health expressed in different combinations of health dimensions. A total of ten characteristics that described the essence of health were identified. These characteristics included satisfying basic human needs, having no illness related complaints, doing the work of health, fulfilling a functional role, having a positive self-image and outlook, and being fit. The four distinct perceptions of health that were revealed are: physical dimensions of health exclusively, physical and mental/emotional dimensions of health considered separately, physical and mental/emotional dimensions of health coexistent, and health as a multidimensional process of well being. Respondents also indicated that acute life events associated with feelings of loss preceded their state of homelessness. Generally, the respondents in this study considered themselves healthy.

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Livres sur le sujet "Social sciences -> psychology -> general"

Smith, Eliot R. Social psychology. New York, NY : Worth Publishers, 1995.

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G, Zimbardo Philip, dir. Psychology : A European text. London : HarperCollins, 1995.

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Belzen, J. A. van. Psychology of Religion : Autobiographical Accounts. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2012.

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J, Smelser Neil, et Baltes Paul B, dir. International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences. Amsterdam : Elsevier, 2001.

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Jaccard, James. Statistics for the behavioral sciences. 2^e éd. Belmont, Calif : Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1990.

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Angeles, Cea D'Ancona Ma. Metodología cuantitativa : Estrategias y técnicas de investigación social. Madrid : Editorial Síntesis, 1998.

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Lazard, Jane Callaghan ; Lisa. Social Psychology. SAGE Publications, Ltd. (UK), 2011.

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Abnormal Psychology. Pearson Education, Limited, 2018.

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Abnormal Psychology. Pearson Education, Limited, 2018.

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Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Volume 39 (Advances in Experimental Social Psychology) (Advances in Experimental Social Psychology). Academic Press, 2007.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Social sciences -> psychology -> general"

Uldall, Brian R. « Social Psychology ». Dans Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions, 2171–79. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8265-8_1047.

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Heaven, Patrick C. L. « General Introduction ». Dans The Social Psychology of Adolescence, 1–25. London : Macmillan Education UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-10743-5_1.

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Huneman, Philippe. « Psychology and social sciences ». Dans Sex, Gender, Ethics and the Darwinian Evolution of Mankind, 230–51. London : Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003405313-15.

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Adler, Susan. « Social Sciences, Teaching ». Dans Encyclopedia of Cross-Cultural School Psychology, 898–99. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71799-9_391.

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Yang, Lee-Xieng. « Applications of Internet Methods in Psychology ». Dans Computational Social Sciences, 249–62. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95465-3_13.

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Gergen, Kenneth J. « Social Construction in Psychology ». Dans Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions, 2158–64. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8265-8_1046.

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Lang, Eric L., et Tamara Kuhn. « 4. Psychology ». Dans Information Sources in the Social Sciences, sous la direction de David Fisher, Sandra Price et Terry Hanstock, 130–64. Berlin, Boston : De Gruyter, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110949322-007.

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Lazega, Emmanuel, et Tom A. B. Snijders. « General Conclusion ». Dans Multilevel Network Analysis for the Social Sciences, 355–61. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24520-1_15.

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Sofo, Francesco, Cinzia Colapinto, Michelle Sofo et Salvatore Ammirato. « Decision Making in the Social Sciences ». Dans SpringerBriefs in Psychology, 1–34. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6708-3_1.

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P. Bhandari, Medani. « Feminisms in Social Sciences ». Dans Women and Society. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.111652.

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Feminism is a social and political movement that aims to advance gender equality and challenge the patriarchal power structures that marginalize and oppress women. Feminist theory has become a significant perspective in the social sciences, including sociology, anthropology, psychology, economics, and political science. Feminist theory has made significant contributions to the social sciences, challenging traditional views of gender, and highlighting the importance of studying women’s experiences and perspectives. Feminist scholars have provided important insights into the ways in which gender intersects with other forms of oppression and have advocated for policies and practices that promote gender equality and social justice. This chapter is based on desktop research, shows the concept of feminism in social science domain. The fundamental concept of feminism is the belief in gender equality and the rejection of patriarchal power structures that oppress and marginalize women. Feminism is a social, political, and cultural movement that advocates for the empowerment of women and the recognition of their rights as equal members of society. This chapter provides the general outlines of feminism in social sciences with reference to postmodern era and feminism, postmodernism and feminisms, history of feminist’s theory, major characteristics of feminisms in social science domain, the founding scholars of feminisms, social science and feminisms theory, sociology and feminisms contemporary development, environmentalism, and feminism a new direction of new movement, interconnectedness of environmentalism, feminism, and its influence on social sciences, the feminist approach to organizational analysis and the organizational sociological view.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Social sciences -> psychology -> general"

Deutsch, Franziska, Mandy Boehnke, Ulrich Kühnen et Klaus Boehnke. « Can Happiness change ? An Interdisciplinary, Multi-Method Investigation of the Dynamics of Happiness ». Dans International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/xitr8440.

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None of the major basic questions social sciences are concerned with can satisfyingly be answered from the perspective of one discipline alone. Each of them proposes theories and perspectives that make unique and important contributions. At the same time theoretical perspectives in general inevitably do have their blind spots. This fundamental insight was the reason for us to choose as the motto for the 19th IACCP congress held in Bremen in 2008 “Crossing borders – (Cross-) Cultural Psychology as an Interdisciplinary, Multi-Method Endeavor”. In this chapter we first want to illustrate this motto and our reasons for choosing it by reviewing recent research on one exemplary basic question of the social sciences: Can happiness change? We will cover findings across the social science disciplines in order to illustrate the benefits of interdisciplinary, multi-method investigations. This review will also reveal that the recent evidence violates traditional mono-disciplinary views on the respective question. After that, we will briefly introduce the contributions of this volume.

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Valentina, Laitonjam, et Ritu Singh. « An Analytical Study of Imphal Adolescents Guidance Needs Across Education Streams ». Dans International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/tfza4240.

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The present study was an attempt to analyze the adolescent guidance needs in one of the most trouble-torn city of Imphal, India and to identify if they vary according to their education streams. Out of the 60 schools situated in Imphal district, Manipur, India, 30 schools were randomly drawn for the study. Further, from these list, 25% of the total adolescents studying in XI standard were randomly selected for the present study making a total of 651 respondents. The sample comprised 66.51% respondents from Science stream and 33.49% from Arts stream. A self-structured questionnaire was used to study the socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the respondents as well as respondents’ future plans and general ideas on guidance. Guidance needs were assessed in five areas viz. Physical, Social, Psychological, Educational and Vocational areas using Guidance Needs Inventory developed by Dr. J.S. Grewal. The results revealed that guidance needs of the adolescents of Imphal, India didn’t vary according to their education stream. All the adolescents of the region, irrespective of their education stream, reflected extreme need for guidance in all the domains of growth and development.. The need for guidance was most preferred in vocational domain followed by educational domain. Least need for guidance was expressed in psychological domain.

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Vasileva, Maya. « STUDENTS INTERESTS � A PREREQUISITE FOR LEARNING IN GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION ». Dans 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2023/s08.37.

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Thinking and learning are a basic prerequisite for the formation of geographical knowledge and the solving of geographical problems in geography education. They are complex processes that are influenced by a number of factors. Thoroughly modern geodidactics pays attention to their key features and fundamental interrelationships from the point of view of pedagogical psychology, refracted through the prism of geography and its spatial dimensions, in the context of which student interests have an undeniable role in describing and explaining student motivation for learning, respectively and for learning effectiveness. In this sense, the main idea of the report is to make a general geodidactic characterization of student interests. For this purpose, students' interests in geographical topics and regions are first studied, as well as the methods and didactic resources applied in the geography teaching process, and secondly, the problematic situations in stimulating student interests in the context of the geography lesson are outlined. The geodidactic characterization of student interests is based on the Krapp Interest Development Framework of 1998 and 2010 and on current Hemmer & Hemmer studies conducted in the period 1995-2005, detailed in 2010. The report presents sample toolkit for studying student interests in the Bulgarian school, adapted according to the Hemmer & Hemmer model.

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Günay, Nergin. « Economic Science Considering with a Thermodynamic Perspective of a Physicist's Point of View ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01559.

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Economy is a discipline by means of its structure which closely interests all humanities live non-stop whether they are directly related or not which in a relationship with mathematic as calculations, psychology as searching investor behaviors, sociology as searching social events, philosophy as structural reviews of the created environment and many kind of disciplines more. In this study based on a survey of the relevant literature, the common features of economy with physics is a supporter in the recent years are revealed. Concept passed into world literature as Econophysics or alias Econphysics is defined. Econophysics is a study field tries to find solutions to economic problem by using physical methods. The main tool is used by the econophysics are statistical and probability methods are taken from statistical physics frequently. Information related to implementation of the laws of thermodynamics which is the branch dealing with the energy and physical energy exchange economic problems are given. The laws of thermodynamics have a very general validity and they do not change depending on the characteristics of the studied system. In this regard, how thermodynamic physics are applied into economics practices are given in detail.

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Toldova, S., T. Davydova, M. Kobozeva et D. Pisarevskaya. « DISCOURSE FEATURES OF BLOGS IN SUBCORPUS OF RUSSIAN RU-RSTREEBANK ». Dans International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-747-761.

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The paper presents a corpus study of the discourse features in the corpus of blogs. It is based on the data of Ru-RSTreebank annotated within the framework of the Rhetorical Structure theory [Mann, Thompson 1988]. The Ru-RSTreebank represents genres of news and popular science, scientific papers, and blogs texts. Blog subcorpus contains such topics as travelling, cosmetics, sports and health, psychology, IT and tech and some others. Blogs texts constitute a specific genre as they combine properties of written and spoken discourse. The purpose of the paper is to investigate discourse features of blogs in comparison with other genres. We analyze the variation in rhetoric relations distribution among genres, and single out the differences in discourse connectives usage. Furthermore, we check the distribution of other discourse features reported in different studies for spoken discourse and for social media in the Ru-RSTreebank blogs subcorpus. The general frequency analysis and the experiments on RandomForest classifier application to genre recognition have shown that the most important rhetoric relations specific to blogs are Evaluation and Contrast, that there is a tendency to use shorter discourse units and not to express the discourse relations overtly via subordinative conjunctions.

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Eskov, Valery, Yury Zinchenko, Vasily Pyatin et Yuliya Bashkatova. « GENERAL SYSTEM THEORY APPROACH IN NEURO SCIENCES ». Dans XVI International interdisciplinary congress "Neuroscience for Medicine and Psychology". LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1041.sudak.ns2020-16/197-198.

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Mahmood, Snoor, et Shokhan Fatah. « “I’m Cold All the Time Anyway” : A Psycho-Feminist Study of Marsha Norman’s ’Night, Mother ». Dans 3rd International Conference on Language and Education. Cihan University-Erbil, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/iclangedu2023/paper.951.

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This article is an inter-disciplinary study of Marsh Norman’s ‘Night, Mother. Marsha Norman is an American playwright who is famous for addressing the dilemmas of women in her writings. Female characters in her plays are generally depicted as victims of their societies. They are situated in a place in which they are powerless and helpless about improving their own conditions. This study aims at exposing the psychological suffering of the main character in relation to the socially imposed standards of living. According to different theories of feminist critics such as Kate Millet, Luce Irigary, Jane Stoppard, and psycho feminist theories of Nancy Chodorow, in addition to going back to the science of psychology, it shows that the life of women is predetermined by social values and norms. It also shows that the kind of life assigned to women based on their gender roles and feminine duty is the factor behind women’s psychological anguish and self-destructive decisions, such as committing suicide.

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Bassey, Samuel Akpan, Ibiang O. Okoi, Ekomobong I. Bassey et Hillman Wirawan. « Relativism and Rationality in The Social Sciences ». Dans Interdisciplinary Conference of Psychology, Health, and Social Science (ICPHS 2021). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220203.022.

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Jufri, Muhammad, et Nur Aeni. « The Contribution of Educational Psychology in Teaching Millenial Students ». Dans International Conference on Education, Social Sciences and Humanities. Jakarta : RedWhite Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32698/hum0211.

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Lackova, Lucia. « THE POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY OF AGEING ». Dans 4th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/32/s11.049.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Social sciences -> psychology -> general"

Sidenkova, Alena, Olga Kremleva, Sergey Bogdanov, Olga Esina et Alena Melnik. Electronic training manual "Psychiatry, medical psychology". SIB-Expertise, janvier 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0786.29012024.

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The electronic training course ""Psychiatry, Medical Psychology"" was compiled in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education, specialty 31.05.01 General Medicine, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated February 9, 2016 No. 95, and taking into account the requirements of the professional standard 02.009 “Physician (precinct general practitioner)”, approved by order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation dated March 21, 2017 No. 293n, as well as in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education in the specialty 31.05.02 Pediatrics (specialty level), approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated 08/17/2015 No. 853, and taking into account the requirements of professional standard 02.008 “Physician - district pediatrician”, approved by order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation dated 03/27/2017 No. 306n. This course includes issues of private psychiatry and narcology. The purpose of the course is to gain knowledge about the basic patterns of formation and manifestations of mental disorders, their causes, and classification principles. Course objectives: study of classifications of mental disorders; familiarization with the clinical manifestations of mental disorders, their etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms; teaching students the skills to identify symptoms of mental disorders and the skills of describing them in medical documentation. The labor intensity of the course is 45 hours. The course consists of 5 didactic units.

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Chornodon, Myroslava. FEAUTURES OF GENDER IN MODERN MASS MEDIA. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, février 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11064.

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The article clarifies of gender identity stereotypes in modern media. The main gender stereotypes covered in modern mass media are analyzed and refuted. The model of gender relations in the media is reflected mainly in the stereotypical images of men and woman. The features of the use of gender concepts in modern periodicals for women and men were determined. The most frequently used derivatives of these macroconcepts were identified and analyzed in detail. It has been found that publications for women and men are full of various gender concepts that are used in different contexts. Ingeneral, theanalysisofthe concept-maximums and concept-minimum gender and their characteristics is carried out in the context of gender stereotypes that have been forme dand function in the society, system atizing the a ctual presentations. The study of the gender concept is relevant because it reveals new trends and features of modern gender images. Taking into account the special features of gender-labeled periodicals in general and the practical absence of comprehensive scientific studies of the gender concept in particular, there is a need to supplement Ukrainian science with this topic. Gender psychology, which is served by methods of various sciences, primarily sociological, pedagogical, linguistic, psychological, socio-psychological. Let us pay attention to linguistic and psycholinguistic methods in gender studies. Linguistic methods complement intelligence research tasks, associated with speech, word and text. Psycholinguistic methods used in gender psychology (semantic differential, semantic integral, semantic analysis of words and texts), aimed at studying speech messages, specific mechanisms of origin and perception, functions of speech activity in society, studying the relationship between speech messages and gender properties participants in the communication, to analyze the linguistic development in connection with the general development of the individual. Nowhere in gender practice there is the whole arsenal of psychological methods that allow you to explore psychological peculiarities of a person like observation, experiments, questionnaires, interviews, testing, modeling, etc. The methods of psychological self-diagnostics include: the gender aspect of the own socio-psychological portrait, a gender biography as a variant of the biographical method, aimed at the reconstruction of individual social experience. In the process of writing a gender autobiography, a person can understand the characteristics of his gender identity, as well as ways and means of their formation. Socio-psychological methods of studying gender include the study of socially constructed women’s and men’s roles, relationships and identities, sexual characteristics, psychological characteristics, etc. The use of gender indicators and gender approaches as a means of socio-psychological and sociological analysis broadens the subject boundaries of these disciplines and makes them the subject of study within these disciplines. And also, in the article a combination of concrete-historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is implemented. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. Also used is a method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-stamped journals. It was he who allowed quantitatively to identify and explore the features of the gender concept in the pages of periodicals for women and men. A combination of historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is also implemented in the article. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. A method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-labeled journals is also used. It allowed to identify and explore the features of the gender concept quantitatively in the periodicals for women and men. The conceptual perception and interpretation of the gender concept «woman», which is highlighted in the modern gender-labeled press in Ukraine, requires the elaboration of the polyfunctionality of gender interpretations, the comprehension of the metaphorical perception of this image and its role and purpose in society. A gendered approach to researching the gender content of contemporary periodicals for women and men. Conceptual analysis of contemporary gender-stamped publications within the gender conceptual sphere allows to identify and correlate the meta-gender and gender concepts that appear in society.

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Hillestad, Torgeir Martin. The Metapsychology of Evil : Main Theoretical Perspectives Causes, Consequences and Critique. University of Stavanger, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.224.

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The purpose of this text or dissertation is to throw some basic light on a fundamental problem concerning manhood, namely the question of evil, its main sources, dynamics and importance for human attitudes and behaviour. The perspective behind the analysis itself is that of psychology. Somebody, or many, may feel at bit nervous by the word “evil” itself. It may very well be seen as too connected to religion, myth and even superstition. Yet those who are motivated to lose oneself in the subject retain a deep interest in human destructiveness, malevolence and hate, significant themes pointing at threatening prospects for mankind. The text is organized or divided into four main ordinary chapters, the three first of them organized or divided into continuous and numbered sections. A crucial point or question is of cause how to define evil itself. It can of cause be done both intentional, instrumental and by consequence. Other theorists however have stated that the concept of evil exclusively rests on a myth originated in the Judean-Christian conception of Satan and ultimate evil. This last argument presupposes evil itself as non-existent in the real rational world. It seems however a fact that most people attach certain basic meaning to the concept, mainly that it represents ultimately bad and terrible actions and behaviour directed toward common people for the purpose of bringing upon them ultimate pain and suffer. However, there is no room for essentialism here, meaning that we simply can look “inside” some original matter to get to know what it “really” is. Rather, a phenomenon gets its identity from the constituted meaning operating within a certain human communities and contexts loaded with intentionality and inter-subjective meaning. As mentioned above, the concept of evil can be interpreted both instrumental and intentional, the first being the broadest of them. Here evil stands for behaviour and human deeds having terrifying or fatal consequences for subjects and people or in general, regardless of the intentions behind. The intentional interpretation however, links the concept to certain predispositions, characteristics and even strong motives in subjects, groups and sometimes political systems and nations. I will keep in mind and clear the way for both these perspectives for the discussion in prospect. This essay represents a psychological perspective on evil, but makes it clear that a more or less complete account of such a psychological view also should include a thorough understanding or integration of some basic social and even biological assumptions. However, I consider a social psychological position of significant importance, especially because in my opinion it represents some sort of coordination of knowledge and theoretical perspectives inherent in the subject or problem itself, the main task here being to integrate perspectives of a psychological as well as social and biological kind. Since humans are essential social creatures, the way itself to present knowledge concerning the human condition, must be social of some sort and kind, however not referring to some kind of reductionism where social models of explanation possess or holds monopoly. Social and social psychological perspectives itself represents parts of the whole matter regarding understanding and explanation of human evil. The fact that humans present, or has to represent themselves as humans among other humans, means that basically a social language is required both to explain and describe human manners and ways of being. This then truly represents its own way or, more correctly, level or standard of explanation, which makes social psychology some sort of significant, though not sufficient. More substantial, the vision itself of integrating different ontological and theoretical levels and objects of science for the purpose of manifesting or make real a full-fledged psychological perspective on evil, should be considered or characterized a meta-psychological perspective. The text is partially constructed as a review of existing theories and theorists concerning the matter of evil and logically associated themes such as violence, mass murder, genocide, antisocial behaviour in general, aggression, hate and cruelty. However, the demands of making a theoretical distinction between these themes, although connected, is stressed. Above all, an integral perspective combining different scientific disciplines is aimed at.

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Yatsymirska, Mariya, et Bohdan Markevych. MEDIA TEXTS AND PERSUASION. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, mars 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12170.

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Abstract. The article clarifies specific concepts of persuasion in media texts; describes new techniques of media influence based on materials of online publications; shows the role of expressive means of language and emotions in visual communication. In social communication, persuasive logos refer to meaningful words and thoughts conveyed through mass media and logically perceived as a reasonable persuasion to proper actions based on the principles of morality, ethics, and culture; informational and influential accents. In modern science (Philosophy, Psychology, Rhetoric, Linguistics), logos has acquired not only new meanings, but also has become an important concept of rational expression of free ideas, meanings, reflections. From this perspective, new media serve as the most concentrated source of logosphere and eidosphere creation, which should be thoroughly studied and analyzed every day. The research on multimedia texts, genre diversity, new platforms, and online publications has significantly contributed to the Media Studies. Techniques of persuasive communication, methods of argumentation, and verbal tools form a separate area of the research within the field. Unlike manipulation, persuasion is the conscious use of written or spoken language, interactive visualization, and infographics to influence someone’s beliefs, views, or actions; gain someone’s support, approve the suggested ways of behavior, intentions, etc. Means of persuasion in media texts serve as logical information accents aimed at the proper perception of the corresponding meanings. In general, factors of persuasion are to influence the masses and the motivation of their actions, modify views, and form public opinion. In journalism, these are meaningful words, thoughts, principles of high-quality narrative with the use of convincing arguments, facts and, most importantly, positive intentions for the readers. Persuasive media texts exclude manipulation of public opinion, trust and people’s inclination to perceive doctrines imposed on them. Keywords: persuasion, concept, visual information, social communication.

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Hernández-López, Luis Pablo, Miriam Romero-López et Guillermo García-Quirante. Humor and social competence in High School and University education : a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0033.

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Review question / Objective: Research question: What type of relationship exists between the use of humor and social competence, or any of their respective components, in post-compulsory education students? The aim of this paper was to conduct a systematic theoretical review of the relationship between humor and social competence in post-compulsory education students. Information sources: Electronic bibliographic databases of Psychology, Biomedical and Multidisciplinary Sciences, as well as the ProQuest search platform and the SCOPUS and Web of Science meta-search engines. The electronic databases used were MEDLINE, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, Psychology Database, APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo, SCOPUS and Web of Science Core Collection. Platforms: ProQuest and the meta-search engines SCOPUS and Web of Science.

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Daniellou, François, Marcel Simard et Ivan Boissières. Human and organizational factors of safety : a state of the art. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, janvier 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/429dze.

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This document provides a state of the art of knowledge concerning the human and organizational factors of industrial safety. It shows that integrating human factors in safety policy and practice requires that new knowledge from the social sciences (in particular ergonomics, psychology and sociology) be taken on board and linked to operational concerns.

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Rheinberger, Christoph, et Nicolas Treich. Catastrophe aversion : social attitudes towards common fates. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, juin 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/882rpq.

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In light of climate change and other existential threats, policy commentators sometimes suggest that society should be more concerned about catastrophes. This document reflects on what is, or should be, society’s attitude toward such low-probability, high-impact events. The question underlying this analysis is how society considers (1) a major accident that leads to a large number of deaths; (2) a large number of small accidents that each kill one person, where the two situations lead to the same total number of deaths. We first explain how catastrophic risk can be conceived of as a spread in the distribution of losses, or a “more risky” distribution of risks. We then review studies from decision sciences, psychology, and behavioral economics that elicit people’s attitudes toward various social risks. This literature review finds more evidence against than in favor of catastrophe aversion. We address a number of possible behavioral explanations for these observations, then turn to social choice theory to examine how various social welfare functions handle catastrophic risk. We explain why catastrophe aversion may be in conflict with equity concerns and other-regarding preferences. Finally, we discuss current approaches to evaluate and regulate catastrophic risk, with a discussion of how it could be integrated into a benefit-cost analysis framework.

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Manning, Nick, et Mariano Lafuente. Leadership and Capacity Building for Public Sector Executives : Proceedings from the 2nd Policy and Knowledge Summit between China and Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, février 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007965.

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This discussion paper summarizes the proceedings at the Second China-Latin America and the Caribbean Policy and Knowledge Summit, focusing on leadership and capacity building for public sector executives. The event, sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Inter-American Development Bank, was held in Beijing and Shanghai, China in 2015. The paper discusses practices related to the management and training of public executives in China, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Jamaica, and Peru, and provides a general context for these practices in OECD and Latin American and Caribbean countries. The Summit identified common challenges among the countries, despite the obvious differences in terms of size and history, such as finding a balance between political neutrality and technical capacity and ensuring high ethical standards to address low citizen trust in the public sector.

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Bilovska, Natalia. HYPERTEXT : SYNTHESIS OF DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS MEDIA MESSAGE. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, mars 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11104.

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In the article we interpret discrete and continuous message as interrupted and constant, limited and continual text, which has specific features and a number of differences between traditional (one-dimensional) text and hypertext (multidimensional). The purpose of this study is to define the concept of “hypertext”, consideration of its characteristics and features of the structure, similarities and differences with the traditional text, including the message in the media and communication. To achieve the goal of the study, we used a number of methods typical of journalism. Empirical analysis enabled a generalized description of the subject of study, which allowed to know it as a phenomenon. With the help of generalization the characteristic and specific regularities and principles of hypertext were studied. The system method is used to identify the dependence of each element of hypertext on its place in the text system as a whole. The retrospective method helped to understand the preconditions for the emergence of hypertext, to trace the dynamics of its development. General scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) made it possible to formulate the conclusions of the study. Thanks to hypertext and the hypertext systems, the concept of virtual reality has gained tangible meaning. In hypertext space, virtuality organically complements reality. The state of virtuality, in this case, becomes the concept of hyperreality, and all this merges into a single whole in the space of computer text. Due to its volume and multidimensionality, hypertext can arouse scientific interest as an interdisciplinary discipline. In today’s world, the phenomenon of hypertext has been the subject of numerous discussions, conferences and research in the field of social communications, linguistics and psychology. Today, a significant number of organizations conduct large-scale research based on the concepts of hypertext associations and associative navigation.

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Kokurina, Olga Yu. STATE SOVEREIGNTY AND PUBLIC RESPONSIBILITY OF GOVERNMENT IN THE LIGHT OF A SYSTEMIC-ORGANIC APPROACH : INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH. SIB-Expertise, décembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0755.18122023.

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This electronic resource contains a critical summary of the problems of sovereign statehood and the responsibility of public authority in the light of an interdisciplinary systemic organic approach. The author reveals the essence and content of the categories “sovereign statehood” and “responsibility of public authority” as key factors of the state legal system for ensuring the life of the Russian Federation in the conditions of the emergence of a new world order. It is shown that the multi-valued category of “statehood” (statehood, stateness, nationhood, nationness) reflects the complexity of the concept, which characterizes the status and ability of the state to carry out its functions, and on the other hand, reflects the cultural-historical and spiritual-ideological unity of society, which is the deepest internal semantic content both preceding the state and completing its sociohistorical formation in the course of state development and historical transformations. Based on the systemic-organic approach and within the framework of the structure of the Aristotelian tetrad, the author reveals an integral model of the political and legal phenomenon of “statehood”, in which the final cause (ethion) is determined by “sovereign statehood”, which presupposes unity, integrity, actual autonomy, independence, independence and self-sufficiency states in making decisions that ensure the historical existence and development of the country. The work presents a theoretical understanding of social (public) solidarity as a legal construct and instrument of social harmony and integrity of the state-legal body of the Russian Federation. It is shown that public solidarity, as a constitutional and administrative-legal phenomenon in its positive and negative forms, creates the necessary basis for the implementation of the principle of mutual responsibility of the individual, society and state. An idea of the responsibilities of the state, its bodies and officials to the individual and society is given, the role and place of public legal responsibility of holders of power in the solidary social mechanism is outlined. In general, the results of interdisciplinary research are aimed at identifying key factors in social theory and practice that contribute to the acquisition of true independence and self-sufficiency of Russian statehood and the preservation of the civilizational foundations of a multinational Russian society. The manual will be useful to undergraduate and graduate students studying social and political sciences, and anyone interested in the theory and practice of government.

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