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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Social planning – Europe, Western »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Social planning – Europe, Western"

Boelhouwer, Peter, et Harry Heijden. « Social housing in Western Europe in the nineties ». Netherlands Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 9, n^o 4 (décembre 1994) : 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02496523.

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Bonoli, Giuliano. « PUBLIC ATTITUDES TO SOCIAL PROTECTION AND POLITICAL ECONOMY TRADITIONS IN WESTERN EUROPE ». European Societies 2, n^o 4 (janvier 2000) : 431–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713767005.

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Damurski, Lukasz. « E-Participation in Urban Planning ». International Journal of E-Planning Research 1, n^o 3 (juillet 2012) : 40–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2012070103.

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Simple observation of planning practices in Eastern and Western Europe reveal a substantial gap in citizen participation between the post-socialist societies and the highly developed countries. This gap was created recently during the continent’s history and is reflected in an uneven distribution of social capital and democratic attitudes. During the last 30 years Western societies developed their civic consciousness and improved their democratic procedures; while citizen activities in the East was constrained by socialist regimes, then dissipated by the system transformation and only now is slowly reviving. How can social and political distance? Development of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) tools seems to stimulate social cohesion of European countries. The Internet creates new forms of social life, giving new opportunities for citizen involvement and strongly influences public decision-making systems. Examples of e-participation in planning from both sides of the continent suggest that this gap is not necessarily as big as it appears to be. This article compares online participation tools offered in Poland and Germany. Analyzing three complimentary aspects of e-participation in planning: “transparency,” “spatiality,” and “interactivity.” The results are expressed further in the article.

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Stojkov, Borislav, et Aleksandar Djordjevic. « Meaning of crossborder planning in western Balkan countries ». Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 84, n^o 2 (2004) : 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0402113s.

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The crossborder cooperation takes very important place in integration processes in Europe. Establishing the crossborder regions is one of prerequisites for more efficient cooperation. Many examples prove the whole spectrum of positive effects generated by such cooperations. Based on sound methodological foundations, crossborder spatial planning is the first step towards successful spatial integration and a prerequisites for other forms of cooperation, economic and political in particular. The territory of Serbia is characterized by a large number of border regions with different features and potentials. The Drina area, with its very specific physical social, economic and historic features and above all, with natural resources and potentials, asks for a creative methodology to enable adequate spatial integration of this crossborder region. The paper is elaborating the idea of forming a crossborder region as indispensable for the future, compared with sectorial planning up to date. The example of crossborder region "Drina-Sava-Majevica" offers positive initiatives in functional integrating communes alongside the river Drina.

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Krieger, Joel. « Egalitarian Social Movements in Western Europe : Can They Survive Globalization and EMU ? » International Studies Review 1, n^o 3 (décembre 1999) : 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1521-9488.00165.

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Harris, Max, Bruce Edwards, Vamik Volkan et J. Anderson Thomson. « The psychology of Western European neo-racism ». International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 3, n^o 1 (1995) : 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181195x00011.

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AbstractEurope is on the verge of an unprecedented era of social, economic, and political cooperation. Yet, there is resurgent racism and xenophobia in Western Europe, and in Central and Eastern Europe many of the fragments of the old Soviet Empire have disintegrated into ethnic violence and genocidal warfare. Prejudice is the common source of this ethnic hatred, xenophobia, and racism. The Center for the Study of Mind and Human Interaction is involved in developing those concepts which will provide the links between the psychological understanding of individual human beings and how they create and sustain destructive conflict in social, political, and ethnic groups. The development of prejudice in an individual and its underlying psychological mechanisms are detailed as part of the formation of identity. The fundamental structures of prejudice are then discussed using crucial new concepts in the psychology of large group processes involved in violent group hatreds.

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Dabasi-Halász, Zsuzsanna, Julianna Kiss, Ioana Manafi,, Daniela Elena Marinescu, Katalin Lipták, Monica Roman et Javier Lorenzo-Rodriguez. « International youth mobility in Eastern and Western Europe – the case of the Erasmus+ programme ». Migration Letters 16, n^o 1 (31 décembre 2018) : 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v16i1.626.

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A country's mobility pattern is largely influenced by its previous historical development and current socio-economic situation. Hungary and Romania, due partly to the legacy of their socialist past, share many of their social and economic characteristics, which differ from countries in Western Europe. Such differences are also present when looking at the issue of international youth mobility, which contrast not only by rate but also by type in post-socialist countries when compared to Western Europe. The main objective of the present paper is to analyse the differences and similarities between Eastern and Western European countries with regard to one mobility programme – Erasmus+. The article presents the differences looking at macro data and quantitative questionnaire data.

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Lee, R. « Look after the Pounds and the People Will Look after Themselves : Social Reproduction, Regulation, and Social Exclusion in Western Europe ». Environment and Planning A : Economy and Space 27, n^o 10 (octobre 1995) : 1577–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a271577.

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In considering the nature of and route to a desired end point of transition, regulationist models may overlook or internalise the reproduction of labour. Against the background of growing and chronic unemployment in western Europe, an argument is made for the exogeneity of the social reproduction of labour. The conclusion makes a case for a return to considerations of moral, or the reconstruction of civil, economic geographies.

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Argamakova, Alexandra A. « History of Social Engineering Theories ». Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 64, n^o 7 (15 juillet 2021) : 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2021-64-7-85-108.

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The first mentions of “social engineering” and “social technologies” concepts started from the 19th century. Until the present moment, different lines of this story have been left neglected and insufficiently researched. In the article, initial meanings and authentic contexts of their usage are explained in more details. The investigation reaches the 1920s−1930s and is finished at the intersection of the Soviet and the American contexts concerned with scientific organization of labor, business optimization and economic planning. In conclusion, recent modifications of social engineering are briefly characterized. They are connected with development of information technologies and automation of smart cities. The research appeals toward histories of scientific management in North America and Western Europe, its industrial roots and unexplained foundations. Meanwhile, it is philosophically substantial due to conceptual analysis and explication of presuppositions of our thinking in respect of society and ways of changing social reality. After Sir Karl Popper, social engineering has been associated with the Soviet methods of planning and centralized governance. However, one can be assured that until now this concept has evolved by different, alternative trajectories within the context of industrial modernization of Europe and America. Within post-industrial world, the vision of social engineering has been enriched by IT-analogies, and social practice is interpreted in light of organizational, cultural, mental, or historical algorithms, which are the subject of purposeful manipulation and modification.

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Cox, Kevin R. « Development policy, Western Europe and the question of specificity ». European Urban and Regional Studies 27, n^o 1 (2 octobre 2018) : 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776418798689.

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In the Anglophone literature on local and regional development policy there are tendencies to overextension of claims from one side of the Atlantic to the other, or there is no comparative framing at all. As a result the specificity of the West European case tends to be lost. In contrast with the USA, the West European instance is very different indeed. Although there have been changes since the postwar golden years of urban and regional planning, central government remains crucial in the structuring of local and regional development and has given expression to counter-posed class forces: regional policy was historically an aspect of the welfare state as promoted by the labor movement, while urbanization policy has been much more about the forces of the political right. In the USA, by contrast, local governments and to a lesser degree, the states, have been and continue to be supreme; in contrast to Western Europe, location tends to be much more market-determined, with local and governments acting as market agents. Class forces have seemingly been much weaker, territorial coalitions occupying the center ground. As a first cut, these differences have to do with state structure: the Western European state is far more centralized, facilitating the implementation of policies that are relatively indifferent to local specificity, while in the USA the converse applies. State structures, however, are parts of broader social formations and reflect the different socio-historical conditions in which West European societies, on the one hand, and their American counterpoint, on the other, have emerged.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Social planning – Europe, Western"

Bittner, Thomas. « Das westeuropäische Wirtschaftswachstum nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg : eine Analyse unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Planification und der sozialen Marktwirtschaft / ». Münster ;Hamburg [u.a.] : Lit, 2001. http://hsozkult.geschichte.hu-berlin.de/rezensionen/type=rezbuecher&id=1412.

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Alberti, M. (Marina). « Minimization of hazardous waste in Western Europe : policy implementation and harmonization ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28015.

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FERNANDES, Daniel. « Governments, public opinion, and social policy : change in Western Europe ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/75046.

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Defence date: 21 November 2022
Examining Board: Prof. Ellen Immergut (EUI, Supervisor); Prof. Anton Hemerijck (EUI); Prof. Christoffer Green-Pedersen (Aarhus University); Prof. Evelyne Hübscher (Central European University)
This dissertation investigates how public opinion and government partisanship affect social policy. It brings an innovative perspective that links the idea of democratic representation to debates about the welfare state. The general claim made here is that social policy is a function of public and government preferences. This claim hinges on two critical premises. The first relates to the general mechanisms that underlie government representation. Politicians have electoral incentives to align their actions with what citizens want. They may respond to public opinion indirectly by updating their party agendas, which can serve as the basis for social policy decisions in case they get elected. They may also respond directly by introducing welfare reforms that react to shifts in public opinion during their mandates. The second premise concerns how citizens and politicians structure their preferences over welfare. These preferences fall alongside two dimensions. First, general attitudes about how much should the state intervene in the economy to reduce inequality and promote economic well-being (how much policy). Second, the specific preferences about which social programmes should get better funding (what kind of policy). The empirical analysis is split into three empirical chapters. Each explores different aspects of government representation in Western European welfare states. The first empirical chapter (Chapter 4) asks how governments shape social policy when facing severe pressures to decrease spending. It argues that governments strategically reduce spending on programmes that offer less visible and indirect benefits, as they are less likely to trigger an electoral backlash. The experience of the Great Recession is consistent with this claim. Countries that faced the most challenging financial constraints cut down social investment and services. Except for Greece, they all preserved consumption schemes. The second empirical chapter (Chapter 5) explores how public opinion affects government spending priorities in different welfare programmes. It expects government responsiveness to depend on public mood for more or less government activity and the most salient social issues at the time. Empirical evidence from old-age, healthcare and education issue-policy areas supports these claims. Higher policy mood and issue saliency is positively associated with increasing spending efforts. Public opinion does not appear to affect unemployment policies. vii The third empirical chapter (Chapter 6) examines how party preferences affect spending priorities in unemployment programmes. It claims that preferences on economic intervention in the economy and welfare recalibration affect different components of unemployment policy. Evidence from the past 20 years bodes well with these expectations. The generosity of compensatory schemes depends on economic preferences. The left invests more than the right. The funding of active labour-market policies depends on both preference dimensions. Among conventional parties, their funding follows the same patterns as compensatory schemes. Among recalibration parties, parties across the economic spectrum present comparable spending patterns.

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Aurigi, Alessandro. « The first steps of digital cities : development and social shaping of Web-based urban cyberspace in Europe ». Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/506.

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The rapidly increasing worldwide usage of the Internet and the World Wide Web since the second half of the 1990s has affected the way geographers, built environment scholars and commentators look at concepts like space, distance, and the city itself. The possibility for real-world functions such as gathering, informing, communicating, taking decisions and performing economic transactions to be hosted by a new type of electronic, virtual space, has opened up new opportunities together with many new questions for those who are involved in planning urban spaces. One of the most interesting phenomena related to the emergence of 'urban' Internet functions is the creation - started around 1993-94 - of local public information systems called 'digital cities'. These systems were hailed as highly valuable 'cyber' additions to urban space and to the public sphere of Western cities. This thesis has constituted one of the first, systematic attempts to observe and analyse the 'digital city' phenomenon within the boundaries of the European Union. It has contributed to the creation of a much-needed typology of digital cities by surveying and analysing the contents of over two hundred early developments across Europe. Another important contribution has been going beyond the observation of the contents of the initiatives and, through in-depth case studies, analysing how a couple of advanced and exemplar experiments were being socially shaped, concentrating on the important - and often overlooked - processes behind the design and deployment of technology. Information and Communication Technologies are in constant - and rapid - evolution, and so are IT-based systems used to run several aspects of urban life. However, as the early phaseso f the developmenta nd acceptanceo f new technologiesa re crucial and able to influence later ideas and initiatives, the results and recommendations from this thesis can be seen as a valuable contribution to the study of urban technology in general.

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Nankoe, M. Hakiem. « The Caribbean in the flow of global currents ». Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.

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Ogbeide, Efe. « Sociotope map : Mapping perceived green area values fromadolescents’ perspective in Lempäälämunicipality in Western Finland ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-114086.

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Urbanization in all over the world has created pressure on the remaining open space, especially green areas,in the cities. Hence, the importance of green areas has become more relevant. It has been acknowledged thatthey are economically valuable as they promote the identity of cities and stimulate for example tourism.They also have a major impact on both physical and mental health and preserve ecological balance.However, knowledge on their social values to users has not been explored that much. Young architectAlexander Ståhle has developed a concept of sociotope that explores green space social values from the userperspective and therefore gives deeper understanding on how people perceive their environment. Sociotopemapping in turn is a way to present sociotopes on an easily understandable form; map. Recent research ongreen areas social values has found indication of different background variables such as age, socio-economicstatus, culture, effect on how people value green spaces. Hence, this case study was an attempt to gain moreknowledge of sociotopes in a Finnish municipality of Lempäälä from the adolescents’ perspective. Theresults showed that adolescents appreciated social values and used green areas arenas for social interaction.

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Limoges, Ronald E. « 'A new tempered spirit to comfort the twenty-first century' : individual choices, public policies, and the philanthropic experience in Western Europe / ». Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10022007-144846/.

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Godfrey, Elinor. « Social and environmental determinants of changing distribution and incidence of tick-borne encephalitis in Western Europe ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fd0a7241-b85f-4d49-abe4-a5ec4057c96e.

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In Western Europe the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has increased over the last 30 years, coupled with changes in distribution. Modifications in the TBE enzootic cycle, through a combination of changes in temperature, vertebrate abundance and habitat suitability may have increased the risk of TBE in recent years. In Switzerland, analysis using satellite-derived climate data demonstrated that the environment of areas with TBE since the 1980s and areas that recently became endemic for TBE have become more similar between 2001 and 2009. This was coupled with an increase in April, May and June temperature, which could have affected the tick population and/or human exposure to ticks. Deer and boar abundance also changed in some cantons. In Germany, spatio-temporal modelling demonstrated the importance of temperature, vertebrate abundance and unemployment in the incidence and distribution of TBE between 2001 and 2009. Changes in TBE reporting, April, May and June temperature, vertebrate abundance and pesticide use may have contributed to increases in TBE in 1992 and 2001. Human exposure patterns, however, appear to be as important as the enzootic cycle in shaping the incidence of TBE, not only in determining the overall trend but also in interacting with the weekly, seasonal and yearly patterns of tick hazard to give the observed incidence. In Switzerland, in weeks with warm, sunny weather, human exposure to ticks is promoted and short-term increases in tick bites are seen. Human outdoor activity also shifts the seasonal pattern of tick bites, when compared with tick questing. There was no apparent increase in time spent in outdoor activities between the 1990s and 2000s in Italy, Germany and Austria, but survey data demonstrated that walking and hiking were already popular activities across Europe by the 1990s. The popularity of mushroom and berry foraging as a source of income in Latvia, Lithuania and Poland, coupled with the expense of vaccination, provide an inverse link between economic wellbeing and TBE risk. Correspondingly, in 2009, the economic recession was associated with an increase with TBE in these three countries.

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D'Elia, Alberto. « That noir passage between Europe and America : the representation of criminals, law and social order in western cinema ». Thesis, Keele University, 2014. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/1320/.

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A group of American and European films in the forties and fifties are characterised by a dark atmosphere and morbid fascination with crime and violent death. Normally populated by rootless characters who live as though suspended in an existential limbo, their narratives are pervaded by a sense of loss and displacement. Though these films were made mostly during the world war and its aftermath, they have left a permanent visual and cultural legacy, both in western and global cinema, related as they were to the transitory nature of metropolitan experience. Moreover, by breaking with previous national traditions of public representation of crime and sexual desire, they established cinema as a privileged locus for cultural criticism and debate about some of the moral and psychological consequences of modernity. Taking this as my point of departure, I analyse the relationship between Europe and America through the films’ construction of an intercultural visual dialogue, making the case that this gathers and condenses contradictions and ambivalences in the modern human development project. In particular I focus on two aspects of this dialogue: on the one hand - since almost every country struggles with America’s economic and cultural supremacy - the ambivalent image that America has in twentieth-century European debate about popular culture. On the other hand, I consider the importance of (visual) language in the relationship between enquiry, in films, into historical transformation, and the wider processes of social and cultural change. Finally, I claim that the lesson learned from this analysis should be used in contemporary sociological debate about the renewal of conceptual tools used to investigate the role of crime in our society.

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Van, Hamme Gilles. « Classes sociales et géographie des comportements politiques en Europe occidentale ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210270.

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La question de la cristallisation des classes sociales objectives (en soi) en classes sociales subjectives (pour soi) est au cœur de cette étude. Plus précisément, l’objectif est de mettre en évidence les médiations spatiales d’un tel processus de cristallisation. En effet, les individus qui constituent les classes sociales vivent dans des territoires spécifiques chargés d’héritages, et la prise en contexte de ces contextes permet d’éclairer les comportements politiques des groupes sociaux.

Ces questions seront abordés à différentes échelles dans les contextes de la Belgique et de l'Europe occidentale en utilisant des sources diverses, en particulier les scores électoraux et les enquêtes individuelles.

La prise en compte des contextes locaux ou régionaux et l'élargissement du champ des études électorales aux attitudes politiques ont permis de mettre en évidence l'importance encore décisive des classes sociales dans l'explication des comportements politiques.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Livres sur le sujet "Social planning – Europe, Western"

D, Clout Hugh, dir. Western Europe : Geographical perspectives. Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex, England : Longman Scientific & Technical, 1985.

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D, Clout Hugh, dir. Western Europe : Geographical perspectives. 2^e éd. Harlow, Essex, England : Longman Scientific & Technical, 1989.

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D, Clout Hugh, dir. Western Europe : Geographical perspectives. London : Longman, 1985.

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1953-, Gray Pat, et Hart Paul ʼt, dir. Public policy disasters in Western Europe. London : Routledge, 1998.

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D, Clout Hugh, dir. Western Europe : Geographical perspectives. 3^e éd. Harlow, England : Longman Scientific & Technical, 1994.

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Dennis, Hay, dir. Urban problems in Western Europe : An economic analysis. London : Unwin Hyman, 1989.

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The landscape of consumption : Shopping streets and cultures in Western Europe, 1600-1900. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

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1914-, Garner J. F., et Gravells N. P, dir. Planning law in Western Europe. 2^e éd. Amsterdam : North-Holland, 1986.

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Joint Centre for Land Development Studies. et Great Britain. Dept. of the Environment., dir. Planning control in Western Europe. London : H.M.S.O., 1989.

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1926-, Mayne Richard, dir. Western Europe. New York : Facts on File, 1987.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Social planning – Europe, Western"

Domínguez-Quintero, Ana M., et Sonia Ancio Alcón. « Industrial tourism in Seville, Spain. » Dans Tourism planning and development in Western Europe, 51–64. Wallingford : CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620797.0004.

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Abstract This chapter analyses industrial tourism in the province of Seville, Spain. The chapter aims to advance deeper into the conceptual knowledge regarding what industrial tourism actually is and what is understood by this type of cultural tourism. It also analyses the perception that operational companies in the province of Seville that carry out this activity hold of the benefits and costs that this entails. Finally, the chapter examines, through a case study, the benefits that visits to historical heritage can bring for the economic and social environment of the destination in which this takes place.

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Krause, Florentin, Jonathan Koomey et David Olivier. « Incorporating Global Warming Externalities through Environmental Least Cost Planning : A Case Study of Western Europe ». Dans Social Costs of Energy, 287–312. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85120-9_21.

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Bjørnsson, Iben. « Order on Their Home Fronts : Imagining War and Social Control in 1950s NATO ». Dans Cold War Civil Defence in Western Europe, 25–52. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84281-9_2.

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AbstractThis chapter looks at deliberations about control of the population in NATO’s Civil Defence Committee and the Senior Committee for Civil Emergency Planning, and their roots in modern culture and science. Treating fear emerged as an important part of the modern psychological sciences in the twentieth century. Applied to military medicine with the World Wars, it became its own scientific field. The results were transported to civil defence research, where the question of panic became a feature of the nuclear reality. As maintenance of government control and control of the population became top priorities in the aforementioned committees, visions of the panicked mob came to be its own dystopic image. Underpinned by psychological sciences, a sociotechnical imaginary of preparedness emerged.

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Liégeois, Robert M. G. L. « Earthquakes and Town-Planning ». Dans Seismic Activity in Western Europe, 431–39. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5273-7_34.

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Hall, Peter, et Mark Tewdwr-Jones. « Planning in Western Europe since 1945 ». Dans Urban and Regional Planning, 215–74. Sixth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. : Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351261883-7.

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Frangakis, Marica, et Jörg Huffschmid. « Privatisation in Western Europe ». Dans Privatisation against the European Social Model, 9–29. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230250680_2.

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Palvarini, Pietro, et Emmanuele Pavolini. « Housing Deprivation and Vulnerability in Western Europe ». Dans Social Vulnerability in Europe, 126–58. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230245778_6.

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Deutsch, Erwin, et Hans-Ludwig Schreiber. « Health Care and Social Insurance ». Dans Medical Responsibility in Western Europe, 607–9. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70449-9_57.

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Deutsch, Erwin, et Hans-Ludwig Schreiber. « Social Insurance and Medical Responsibility ». Dans Medical Responsibility in Western Europe, 664–66. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70449-9_69.

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Burtenshaw, D., M. Bateman et G. J. Ashworth. « New Towns and Urban Planning in Western Europe ». Dans The European City, 272–93. London : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003169901-12.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Social planning – Europe, Western"

Schneider-Skalska, Grażyna, et Paweł Tor. « Residential areas in the structure of the city : case studies from west europe and Krakow ». Dans Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona : Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8079.

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Once they adopted the sedentary lifestyle, humans set to building settlements which were to protect groups of families and give them the sense of belonging to a material and social community. The settlement unit which could be called a housing complex goes back thousands of years BC. The scale of problems related to housing environment grew considerably with the emergence and development of cities, yet truly distinctive quantitative and qualitative changes occurred in the early 20th century. Implementation of the programmatic assumptions of the Athens Charter resulted in the emergence of spatial and functional structures based on hierarchic dependence of components. The initial projects reflected the pursuit of a human-scale environment and the structural division into neighbourhood units. Undoubtedly, the second part of the 20th century brought about a change in the trends of development in cities. Large housing estates were abandoned in favour of a much greater diversity of housing complex forms – the revived form of city street, urban block or the classic form of a residential complex with clearly delineated structure, services and – most frequently –some recreational areas. The 21st century draws from well-known patterns, complementing them with new elements and solutions imposed by the requirements of the principles of sustainable development. Due to the limited availability of land in highly urbanized central city parts, contemporary housing development occupies more peripheral areas, often at the border between urban and rural neighbourhoods. The development process involves numerous participants, often with opposing interests – public authorities, whose concern should be sustainable growth of the whole city, and developer firms and investors, whose motivation is to maximize profit. This situation has led in most Polish cities to the emergence of disconnected fenced-away residential ghettos with no spatial order. Meanwhile, housing development in Western Europe continues to be built as planned urban complexes drawing from the experience of the past and satisfying the needs of the contemporary city dwellers. The article presents several urban complexes with dominant housing development (Orestad in Copenhagen, Monte Laa and Nordbahnhof-Area in Vienna, Ijburg in Amsterdam and Riem in Munich) built relatively recently.It discusses their functional, spatial and social characteristics, which make them examples of good practice in contemporary urban planning. They demonstrate clearly that only comprehensive planning in a broader scale guarantees creation of high-quality urban spaces, where the welfare of resident communities is a priority.

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Chilkina, Ksenia, et Natalia Dorodonova. « Catholic Social Doctrine and Economic Policy in Western Europe ». Dans IX International Scientific and Practical Conference “Current Problems of Social and Labour Relations" (ISPC-CPSLR 2021). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220208.076.

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Fava, Federica. « Il progetto intermedio come luogo dell’empowerment : esempi di nuove pratiche nelle città europee ». Dans International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma : Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7904.

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‘Città in attesa’ sono il risultato fisico e concettuale dei profondi cambiamenti che coinvolgono la nostra società. Nel secolo dell’urbanità, lo spopolamento di molte città occidentali la mancanza delle risorse necessarie al completamento di grandi piani urbani producono un numero crescente di spazi vacanti. Rimandando la sua trasformazione ad un futuro indefinito, la città viene quindi ridotta a un paesaggio amorfo, riflesso dell’altrettanto disagio sociale che investe un’ampia fascia della cittadinanza media. In questo scenario di incertezza il progetto temporaneo diviene strumento efficace ad abilitare lo spazio urbano al suo uso evitandone un ulteriore degrado. Attraverso pratiche intermedie le ‘pause temporali’ in cui è costretta la città possono essere trasformate in momenti di sperimentazione diventando inoltre opportunità di riflessione sui mezzi e sulle modalità del progetto stesso. Questo lavoro propone dunque una riflessione sul concetto di tempo basata sull’idea di durata reale introdotta da Bergson. ‘Attivando’ sequenze temporali solitamente inutilizzate, il progetto intermedio diventa mezzo dinamico di riqualificazione urbana basato sull’’empowerment delle comunità locali. Obiettivo di questo scritto è infine sintetizzare le caratteristiche che rendono il progetto intermedio capace di innescare una trasformazione della città basata su un modo nuovo di partecipare, orientato al rafforzamento delle capacità resilienti degli abitanti coinvolti. A questo scopo vengono raccolti e classificati in quattro categorie dimensionali diversi progetti realizzati in ambito europeo dimostrandone l’adattabilità a tutti i livelli della pianificazione. The physical and conceptual result of the great changes which affect our society is a city in ‘stand-by’. Even if the XXI century is considered to be an ‘urban century’, many Western cities are shrinking and lack the resources which are necessary to complete planned masterplans. By postponing the transformation of the city to an indefinite future, the number of vacant spaces is increasing. This situation reduces the city into an amorphous landscape that also reflects the social problems concerning a wide number of citizens. In this uncertain scenario, the temporary project becomes an effective tool to open the urban space toward its use as well as to avoid a further degradation of the landscape. Through interim practices the 'forced breaks', to which the city is constrained, can be transformed into moments of experimentation, becoming an opportunity to reflect on the means and methods of the project itself. This work proposes a reflection on the concept of time based on the idea of real duration introduced by Bergson. 'Activating' usually unused sequences of time, the interim project works as a dynamic means of urban regeneration based on the empowerment of local communities. Finally, the aim of this paper is to summarize the features that make the intermediate project able to trigger a transformation of the city based on a new way to participate, attempting to strengthen the resilient capacity of the people involved. For this purpose several European projects are collected and classified into four dimensional categories, showing the adaptability of the temporary project at all scales and levels of planning.

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Koibaev, B. G. « Western Europe From Perspective Of Multi-Confessional Dialogue ». Dans SCTCGM 2018 - Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.03.02.62.

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Tyler, M. E., et M. S. Quinn. « Identifying social-ecological couplings for regional sustainability in a rapidly urbanizing water-limited area of western Canada ». Dans SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING 2013. Southampton, UK : WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sdp130151.

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Yang, Huanyu. « Study of comprehensive traffic planning in Europe ». Dans 2017 International Conference on Economics and Management, Education, Humanities and Social Sciences (EMEHSS 2017). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emehss-17.2017.75.

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Teqja, E. « An increasing presence of US in the Western Balkans, as a need for stability ». Dans IX International symposium «Humanities and Social Sciences in Europe : Achievements and Perspectives». Viena : East West Association GmbH, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ix-symposium-9-160-167.

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Moiseev, V. V., M. Yu Karelina, E. A. Karelina, D. V. Zaycev et V. V. Stroev. « Problems of Delivering Pipeline Gas to Europe under Conditions of Western Sanctions ». Dans Proceedings of the International Conference "Topical Problems of Philology and Didactics : Interdisciplinary Approach in Humanities and Social Sciences" (TPHD 2018). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/tphd-18.2019.59.

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Kovalchuk, J., et I. Stepnov. « MODERN SCENARIO PLANNING OF THE ENTERPRISE : DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND COGNITIVE RISKS ». Dans II International symposium «Humanities and Social Sciences in Europe : Achievements and Perspectives». Prague : Premier Publishing s.r.o., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29013/ii-symposium-pp-2-76-80.

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Nurieva, Fanuza. « TRANSLATED GRAMMAR BOOKS OF THE WESTERN EUROPE : THE CATEGORY OF THE VERB IN THE GRAMMAR BOOK BY HIERONYM MEGISER “INSTITUTIONES LINGUAE TURCICAE LIBRI QUATUOR” (1612) ». Dans NORDSCI Conference on Social Sciences. SAIMA CONSULT LTD, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2018/b1/v1/37.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Social planning – Europe, Western"

David, Fely, et Fely Chin. Factors that contribute to the varying performance of BSPOs and BHWs in the delivery of family planning services in Iloilo City. Population Council, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1994.1000.

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In 1992, the Population Council established the Family Planning Operations Research and Training (FPORT) Program in the Philippines. It brought together program managers and regional researchers to identify problem areas that might benefit from operations research. From Western Visayas (Region VI), the City Population Office (CPO) of Iloilo City in collaboration with the Social Science Research Institute of the Central Philippine University, identified a problem concerning the poor performance of volunteer family planning (FP) workers and undertook to study it. The study focused on the Barangay Service Point Officers (BSPOs) who assist in the delivery of FP services under the supervision of the CPO, and Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) who concentrate on maternal and child care but have minimal involvement in FP and are supervised by the City Health Office. As this report states, the objective was to compare the FP activities and performance of the BSPOs and BHWs in Iloilo City and determine the factors that influence their performance.

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Becker, Sascha O., Stephen Broadberry, Nicholas Crafts, Sayatan Ghosal, Sharun W. Mukand et Vera E. Troeger. Reversals of Fortune ? A Long-term Perspective on Global Economic Prospects. Sous la direction de Sascha O. Becker. CAGE Research Centre, mars 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-0-9576027-00.

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It is conventional wisdom that: Continued fast growth in the BRICS will result in a rapid catch-up to match and even surpass Western income levels in the next few decades The crisis in Europe will soon be over and normal growth will then resume as if nothing had happened The tax competition resulting from globalization means a race to the bottom in which corporate tax rates fall dramatically everywhere The best way to escape the poverty trap is to give the poor more money Losers from globalization can be ignored by politicians in western democracies because they do not matter for electoral outcomes The adjustment problems for developing countries arising from the crisis are quite minor and easy to deal with Actually, as Reversals of Fortune shows, all of these beliefs are highly questionable. The research findings reported here provide economic analysis and evidence that challenge these claims. In the report, Nicholas Crafts asks: "What Difference does the Crisis make to Long-term West European Growth?" Vera Troeger considers "The Impact of Globalisation and Global Economic Crises on Social Cohesion and Attitudes towards Welfare State Policies in Developed Western Democracies." Stephen Broadberry looks at "The BRICs: What does Economic History say about their Growth Prospects?" Sharun Mukand takes "The View from the Developing World: Institutions, Global Shocks and Economic Adjustment." Finally, Sayantan Ghosal has a new perspective on "The Design of Pro-poor Policies."

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Sabogal-Cardona, Orlando, Lynn Scholl, Daniel Oviedo, Amado Crotte et Felipe Bedoya. Not My Usual Trip : Ride-hailing Characterization in Mexico City. Inter-American Development Bank, août 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003516.

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With a few exceptions, research on ride-hailing has focused on North American cities. Previous studies have identified the characteristics and preferences of ride-hailing adopters in a handful of cities. However, given their marked geographical focus, the relevance and applicability of such work to the practice of transport planning and regulation in cities in the Global South is minimal. In developing cities, the entrance of new transport services follows very different trajectories to those in North America and Europe, facing additional social, economic, and cultural challenges, and involving different strategies. Moreover, the determinants of mode choice might be mediated by social issues such as the perception of crime and the risk of sexual harassment in public transportation, which is often experienced by women in large cities such as Mexico. This paper examines ride-hailing in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City, unpacking the characteristics of its users, the ways they differ from users of other transport modes, and the implications for urban mobility. Building on the household travel survey from 2017, our analytical approach is based on a set of categorical models. Findings suggest that gender, age, education, and being more mobile are determinants of ride-hailing adoption. The analysis shows that ride-hailing is used for occasional trips, and it is usually done for leisure and health trips as well as for night trips. The study also reflects on ride-hailings implications for the way women access the city.

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Lucas, Brian. Lessons Learned about Political Inclusion of Refugees. Institute of Development Studies, mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.114.

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Most refugees and other migrants have limited opportunities to participate in politics to inform and influence the policies that affect them daily; they have limited voting rights and generally lack effective alternative forms of representation such as consultative bodies (Solano & Huddleston, 2020a, p. 33). Political participation is ‘absent (or almost absent) from integration strategies’ in Eastern European countries, while refugees and other migrants in Western Europe do enjoy significant local voting rights, stronger consultative bodies, more funding for immigrant organisations and greater support from mainstream organisations (Solano & Huddleston, 2020a, p. 33).This rapid review seeks to find out what lessons have been learned about political inclusion of refugees, particularly in European countries.In general, there appears to be limited evidence about the effectiveness of attempts to support the political participation of migrants/refugees. ‘The engagement of refugees and asylum-seekers in the political activities of their host countries is highly understudied’ (Jacobi, 2021, p. 3) and ‘the effects that integration policies have on immigrants’ representation remains an under-explored field’ (Petrarca, 2015, p. 9). The evidence that is available often comes from sources that cover the entire population or ethnic minorities without specifically targeting refugees or migrants, are biased towards samples of immigrants who are long-established in the host country and may not be representative of immigrant populations, or focus only on voting behaviour and neglect other forms of political participation (Bilodeau, 2016, pp. 30–31). Statistical data on refugees and integration policy areas and indicators is often weak or absent (Hopkins, 2013, pp. 9, 28–32, 60). Data may not distinguish clearly among refugees and other types of migrants by immigration status, origin country, or length of stay in the host country; may not allow correlating data collected during different time periods with policies in place during those periods and preceding periods; and may fail to collect a range of relevant migrant-specific social and demographic characteristics (Bilgili et al., 2015, pp. 22–23; Hopkins, 2013, p. 28).

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