Bibliographies thématiques / Social justice – OECD countries

Sommaire

Articles de revues
Thèses
Livres
Chapitres de livres
Actes de conférences
Rapports d'organisations

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Social justice – OECD countries »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres

Choisissez une source :

Consultez les listes thématiques d’articles de revues, de livres, de thèses, de rapports de conférences et d’autres sources académiques sur le sujet « Social justice – OECD countries ».

À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.

Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.

Articles de revues sur le sujet "Social justice – OECD countries"

Kauder, Björn, et Niklas Potrafke. « Globalization and social justice in OECD countries ». Review of World Economics 151, n^o 2 (27 février 2015) : 353–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10290-015-0213-1.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

NOËL, ALAIN. « The Politics of Minimum Income Protection in OECD Countries ». Journal of Social Policy 48, n^o 2 (6 juin 2018) : 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279418000351.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

AbstractMinimum income protection (MIP) determines the disposable income a person obtains when she has no market or social insurance income, few assets and no family support. This last-recourse income, usually social assistance benefits plus associated transfers, constitutes a significant indicator of a country's commitment to social justice. Yet, we know little about the politics of MIP, in part because welfare state scholars have focused on more encompassing social insurance programmes, and in part because of a lack of good comparative data. This article takes the measure of MIP adequacy in 18 OECD countries for the 1990–2010 period, for single, able-to-work individuals, tracks its comparative evolution, and proposes an explanation of its determinants, with a times-series cross-sectional model. The main positive determinant of adequacy is a generous welfare state; the main negative force is the importance of the public debt. Overall, the politics of MIP appears consistent with that of the welfare state.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Huh, Taewook, et Yun Young Kim. « Triangular Trajectory of Sustainable Development : Panel Analysis of the OECD Countries ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n^o 5 (1 mars 2021) : 2374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052374.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This study analyzes how the three pillars of sustainable development (economic growth, social justice, and environmental protection) have influenced each other for the past twenty-six years (from 1987 to 2013). The relationship between the triangular pillar of SD can be characterized by “ecological modernization”, “eco-socialism”, and the traditional debate between growth and distribution. This paper examined the correlation analysis of the nine representative variables in the three categories, adopting the cases of twenty-six OECD countries. In particular, the panel analysis (PCSE models) was conducted to identify the seven independent determinants affecting both response (dependent) variables and environmental factors (“CO2 emissions” and “renewable electricity output”). In short, during the entire period, the findings reveal that all economic and social variables did not have a positive impact on reducing CO2 emissions. However, the variables of “employment in industry” and “social expenditure” are effected by the increase of renewable electricity output. Consequently, highlighting the detailed findings different for each set period (1987–2013, 1987–2002, and 2003–2013), this study suggests the implications of the analysis result in the light of the theories of ecological modernization and eco-socialism.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

TULAI, Oksana, et Andrii YAMELYNETS. « PERSONAL INCOME TAX : EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES ». WORLD OF FINANCE, n^o 1(58) (2019) : 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/sf2019.01.076.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Introduction. In the current conditions of the integration movement of Ukraine to the European Union and the reform of the institutions of state power, the issue of studying foreign experience of the system of taxation of individuals' incomes is actualized. The application of effective practices of other states will contribute to increasing the fiscal role of the personal income tax in Ukraine, reducing social inequality and increasing the welfare of the population. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to find out the features, trends and problems of the functioning of the personal income tax in foreign countries. Results. The article deals with the foreign experience of functioning of the system of personal income taxation. The role and role of PIT in the EU and OECD countries is shown. The proportional and progressive approach to taxation of this tax is considered, their key advantages and disadvantages are determined. An analogy has been made between the European states, the OECD member states and Ukraine. The objective necessity of establishing a non-taxable minimum or partial exemption of citizens' incomes from taxes in the context of support of low-income categories of the population and ensuring social justice is substantiated. Conclusions. It is concluded that in developed countries, the progressive system of taxation of the PIT along with the minimum non-taxable minimum is an effective tool for generating budget revenues and solving social inequalities in society. Instead, third-world states can not use this mechanism in a qualitative way due to significant tax compliance problems. They apply a proportional taxation system for PIT that minimizes tax evasion and international competitiveness.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Gutiérrez-Ángel, Nieves, Jesús-Nicasio García-Sánchez, Isabel Mercader-Rubio, Judit García-Martín et Sonia Brito-Costa. « Digital Competence, Validation and Differential Patterns between Spanish and Portuguese Areas as Assessed from the Latest PISA Report as a Pathway to Sustainable Education and Social Concerns ». Sustainability 14, n^o 19 (6 octobre 2022) : 12721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912721.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

PISA reports aim both to analyze and describe the educational reality of each country and to assess different academic competences, including digital competence. In this paper, we are committed to the vision of digital literacy as an indispensable element of sustainable education and social concerns, which, together with the environment, the economy, social justice and human rights, form the basis of the concept of sustainability. From this point of view, it is considered that an improvement in digital competence has a positive impact on the use made of ICT and also on its link with sustainable development. The aim of this research is to comparatively analyze the results in terms of literacy itself, digital skills and digital resources and experiences according to the PISA 2018 report in four OECD countries: Spain, Portugal, Colombia and Brazil, specifically, two Latin countries (Brazil and Colombia) and two Hispanic countries (Spain and Portugal), and for the enjoyment in the use of digital devices between one country in each area (Brazil and Spain). The sample is composed of 54,323 participants (18,073 participants from Brazil and Colombia, Latin America, and 36,250 from Spain and Portugal, Iberian Peninsula), using as an instrument the surveys developed and implemented in the PISA 2018 dataset for the OECD sample, which is related to some aspect of digital skills. The main findings of this study confirm that the variables related to digital resources, digital literacy and digital skills are statistically significant in the four countries. Therefore, in view of this, we want to support the promotion of digital competence as a key element in the sustainable, educational and social development of a community. At a pedagogical level, this means that we are committed to different specific programs, innovative educational practices and the creation of resources that promote inclusion and educational quality, focusing on social concerns and the fit of each country and area for promoting sustainable education.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

GJERSØE, HEIDI MOEN. « Regulating Inflow or Outflow : A Comparison of the Work Capability Assessments in the UK and Norway ». Journal of Social Policy 45, n^o 1 (21 septembre 2015) : 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279415000471.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

AbstractIn the era of activation policies, several OECD countries have introduced work capability assessments to measure the employability of sick and disabled people. In essence, such assessments concern how sick and disabled people get access to incapacity benefits and services. This paper investigates how the Work Capability Assessment (WCA) is designed and implemented within the different institutional contexts of the UK and Norway. The paper concludes that introducing WCAs represents a challenge to the bureaucratic and legal models of administrative justice by emphasising a managerial model (in the UK) and a professional model (in Norway). In the UK, the WCA tool seems to be primarily aimed at reducing theinflowof new recipients, while in Norway it seeks to increase theoutflowof recipients. Consequently, the paper argues that the introduction of the WCAs as activation policy instruments has intensified the country-specific characteristics within which the instruments are implemented.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Shroff, Farah, Jasmit S. Minhas et Christian Laugen. « Power of partnerships ». International Journal of Health Governance 24, n^o 4 (21 novembre 2019) : 284–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhg-06-2019-0045.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Purpose Many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are struggling to reduce maternal mortality rates, despite increased efforts by the United Nations through the implementation of their Millennium Development Goals program. Industrialized nations, such as Canada, have a collaborative role to play in raising the global maternal health standards. The purpose of this paper is to propose policy approaches for Canadians and other Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) nations who wish to assist in reducing maternal mortality rates. Design/methodology/approach Ten Canadian health experts with experience in global maternal health were interviewed. Using qualitative analytical methods, the authors coded and themed their responses and paired them with peer-reviewed literature in this area to establish a model for improving global maternal health and survival rates. Findings Findings from this study indicated that maternal health may be improved by establishing a collaborative approach between interdisciplinary teams of health professionals (e.g. midwives, family physicians, OB/GYNs and nurses), literacy teachers, agriculturalists and community development professionals (e.g. humanitarians with diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds). From this, a conceptual approach was devised for elevating the standard of maternal health. This approach includes specifications by which maternal health may be improved, such as gender justice, women’s literacy, freedom from violence against women, food and water security and healthcare accessibility. This model is based on community health center (CHC) models that integrate upstream changes with downstream services may be utilized by Canada and other OECD nations in efforts to enhance maternal health at home and abroad. Research limitations/implications Maternal mortality may be reduced by the adoption of a CHC model, an approach well suited for all nations regardless of economic status. Establishing such a model in LMICs would ideally establish long-term relationships between countries, such as Canada and the LMICs, where teams from supporting nations would collaborate with local Ministries of Health, non-government organizations as well as traditional birth attendants and healthcare professionals to reduce maternal mortality. Practical implications All OECD Nations ought to donate 0.7 percent of their GDP toward international community development. These funds should break the tradition of “tied aid”, thereby removing profit motives, and genuinely contribute to the wellbeing of people in LMICs, particularly women, children and others who are vulnerable. The power of partnerships between people whose aims are genuinely focused on caring is truly transformative. Social implications Canada is not a driver of global maternal mortality reduction work but has a responsibility to work in partnership with countries or regions in a humble and supportive role. Applying a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to reducing maternal mortality in the Global South includes adopting a CHC model: a community development approach to address social determinants of health and integrating various systems of evidence-informed healthcare with a commitment to social justice. Interdisciplinary teams would include literacy professionals, researchers, midwives, nurses, family physicians, OB/GYNs and community development professionals who specialize in anti-poverty work, mediation/dialogue and education campaigns that emphasize the value of all people regardless of their gender, ethnicity, religion and income. Diasporic Canadians are invaluable members of these teams due to their linguistic and cultural knowledge as well as their enthusiasm for working with their countries of origin. Establishment of long-term partnerships of 5–10 years between a Canadian team and a region or nation in the Global South that is dedicated to reducing maternal mortality and improving women’s health are valuable. Canada’s midwifery education programs are rated as world leaders so connecting midwives from Canada with those of the Global South will facilitate essential transfer of knowledge such as using birth plans and other evidence-based practices. Skilled attendants at the birth place will save women’s lives; in most cases, trained midwives are the most appropriate attendants. Video link to a primer about this paper by Dr Farah Shroff: https://maa.med.ubc.ca/videos-and-media/. Originality/value There are virtually no retrievable articles that document why OECD nations ought to work with nations in the LMICs to improve maternal health. This paper outlines the reasons why it is important and explains how to do it well.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Peter, Idoko. « The New Public Management and the Public Sector Performance ». Journal of Advance Research in Business Management and Accounting (ISSN : 2456-3544) 5, n^o 3 (31 mars 2019) : 08. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnbma.v5i3.9.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The proliferation of reforms in public administration based on the principles and instruments of the New Public Management (NPM) have triggered protest from and collective action by many professional groups in various sectors (healthcare, education, justice, social work, research.) and raised questions about the future of professionals working in the public service, particularly as concerns their autonomy. This exploratory study indicates that public administration in the 21st century is undergoing dramatic change, especially in advanced economies, but also in many parts of the developing world such as Nigeria. Globalization and the pluralization of service provision are the driving forces behind these changes. Policy problems faced by governmentsare increasingly complex, wicked and global, rather than simple, linear, and national in focus. And yet the prevailing paradigms through which public sector reform are designed and implemented are relatively static and do not fully encompass the significance or implications of these wider changes. While public sector reforms in the developing world such as Nigeria are influenced by policy experiments and organizational practices originating in OECD countries, they tend to operate within the traditional public administration paradigm. Consequently, there is often a discrepancy between the thrust of public sector reform efforts in developing country contexts and wider shifts in the nature of governance and contemporary approaches to publicmanagement grounded in OECD experience. It was concluded therefore that Nigeria has embraced the concept of new public management from their western originator but its core principles and tenets are not strictly applied in the management of public sector administration. It was recommended among others that for us to achieve the tenets of new public management in Nigeria, the government need to be honest, transparent, probity and accountability in the political leadership management including the managers in the public sector organizations.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Peter, Idoko. « The New Public Management and the Public Sector Performance ». Journal of Advance Research in Business Management and Accounting (ISSN : 2456-3544) 5, n^o 1 (31 janvier 2019) : o1—o8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnbma.v5i1.18.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The proliferation of reforms in public administration based on the principles and instruments of the New Public Management (NPM) have triggered protest from and collective action by many professional groups in various sectors (healthcare, education, justice, social work, research.) and raised questions about the future of professionals working in the public service, particularly as concerns their autonomy. This exploratory study indicates that public administration in the 21st century is undergoing dramatic change, especially in advanced economies, but also in many parts of the developing world such as Nigeria. Globalization and the pluralization of service provision are the driving forces behind these changes. Policy problems faced by governmentsare increasingly complex, wicked and global, rather than simple, linear, and national in focus. And yet the prevailing paradigms through which public sector reform are designed and implemented are relatively static and do not fully encompass the significance or implications of these wider changes. While public sector reforms in the developing world such as Nigeria are influenced by policy experiments and organizational practices originating in OECD countries, they tend to operate within the traditional public administration paradigm. Consequently, there is often a discrepancy between the thrust of public sector reform efforts in developing country contexts and wider shifts in the nature of governance and contemporary approaches to public management grounded in OECD experience. It was concluded therefore that Nigeria has embraced the concept of new public management from their western originator but its core principles and tenets are not strictly applied in the management of public sector administration. It was recommended among others that for us to achieve the tenets of new public management in Nigeria, the government need to be honest, transparent, probity and accountability in the political leadership management including the managers in the public sector organizations.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

von Platten, Jenny, Karl de Fine Licht, Mikael Mangold et Kristina Mjörnell. « Renovating on Unequal Premises : A Normative Framework for a Just Renovation Wave in Swedish Multifamily Housing ». Energies 14, n^o 19 (23 septembre 2021) : 6054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196054.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

While the energy transition of the EU housing stock is now being intensified with the launch of the Renovation Wave, economic inequalities are increasing in many OECD countries, which has effects on housing-related inequalities and the demand of affordable housing. The Renovation Wave is thus an opportunity to improve housing quality for low-income households, but also entails risks for increased rents. In Sweden, the standard of housing is relatively high and energy poverty in multifamily housing is rare, meaning that there are limited social benefits to be achieved from extensive energy retrofitting; moreover, Sweden lacks a social housing sector, which limits protection of the worst-off residents. This paper thus explores whether the limited social benefits of the Renovation Wave weigh up against the risks that it entails for the worst-off in the Swedish context. This is done within a normative framework for just energy transitioning that is developed within the context of the Renovation Wave and increasing economic inequalities, consisting of four ordered principles: (1) The equal treatment principle; (2) The priority principle; (3) The efficiency principle; and (4) The principle of procedural fairness. Analysis showed that to be considered just according to our framework, the Swedish energy transition of housing should, in contradistinction to what is suggested in the Renovation Wave, limit the imposition of extensive energy retrofitting in low-income areas. Finally, having identified a mismatch between the most effective approaches in terms of energy savings and the most acceptable approaches in terms of social justice, we offer policy recommendations on how to bridge this mismatch in a Swedish context.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Plus de sources

Thèses sur le sujet "Social justice – OECD countries"

Ghorbani, Chenari Behnam. « Political Attitudes and Growth : An Empirical Analysis on OECD Countries ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-107052.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This research is an empirical effort to uncover the causal effect of political attitudes on economic growth. The case of study is a sample of OECD countries. Using identification strategy borrowed from Cahuc (2010), the hypothesis of the effect of political attitudes on economic growth is tested in two cross-sectional and fixed effect regression analysis. The result of OLS regression in cross sectional analysis shows a positive significant correlation between inherited political attitudes and economic growth. This means that countries with more social tendencies towards Right (versus Left in political context) are associated with higher economic growth rates. The result of OLS regression in fixed-effect analysis does not show a significant correlation between political attitudes and growth. As a result of weak first-stage, the 2SLS regression cannot provide statistically acceptable conclusion about the causal effect in neither of cross-sectional and fixed-effect frameworks. Thus, the question of causal effect of political attitudes on growth remains open at the end. Moreover, a strong correlations between political attitudes of individuals and their characteristics like gender, age, income, religion and country is detected.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Harrison, Joseph. « Exploring educational attainment by immigrant background : An analysis of PISA data in six OECD countries ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-173207.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Jeroslow, Phyllis Ina. « Lives in the Balance| A Comparative Study of Public Social Investments in Early Childhood Across OECD Countries ». Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10192554.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Across the globe, the viability of welfare states depends on the success of policy adaptations to a post-industrial, internationalized economy and domestic demographic changes that encompass family formation, declines in fertility, and lifespan extensions of the elderly. One of the most important issues facing contemporary welfare states is the need to adjust social policy to the demise of the male breadwinner model in favor of the increased participation of women and mothers in the workforce. Whereas childrearing was traditionally the central occupation of stay-at-home mothers, their workforce participation has necessitated out-of-home care for children under the ages of five or six, before the start of primary school. Providing financial supports and investing in early childhood care and education are several policy instruments that can be used, not only to ease the burden of care faced by working mothers and their partners, but to promote the well-being and long-term economic productivity of their children as adults. In turn, the increased economic productivity of future generations can mitigate social risks and threats to the survival of the welfare state. Using a social investment approach based on human capital development in children, a set of indices is constructed to measure public investments in early childhood by ten member countries of the OECD from 2001 through 2011. The indices permit a theoretical exploration of patterns of expenditure and characteristics of policy design relative to their conformity to acknowledged types of welfare state regimes. The indices are also used to detect empirical changes in welfare state expenditures for early childhood investments pre- and post- the fiscal crisis of 2008. The study contributes to the literature of welfare state theory by situating investments in early childhood as a stage in the evolution of family policy; by creating a set of measures that characterizes public investments from a child-centered developmental perspective, one that is less prominent than work-family balance and gender equity viewpoints; and lastly, by combining expenditures and policy design components into a single measure.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Last, David Murray. « Development and security : third world hostility towards OECD countries relating to patterns of economic, political and social development 1960 to 1979 ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261201.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Johansen, Vegard. « Children and Distributive Justice between Generations : A Comparison of 16 European Countries ». Doctoral thesis, Trondheim : NTNU, 2009. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/599054042.pdf.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

BILGIN, IDIL. « The consequences of perceived discrimination on internalizing mental health outcomes for immigrant adolescents in OECD countries : A systematic literature review ». Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, CHILD, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35972.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

In the last few decades the focus of immigration flows has been predominantly toward member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Immigration is a process full of challenges, and perceiving as being discriminated by host country natives is one of the biggest difficulties for the immigrants. This challenge is especially represented in immigrant adolescent population due to their higher sensitivity of perception of others. Thus, perceived discrimination characterized as being a significant negative consequence resulting internalizing mental health outcomes for immigrant adolescents. Therefore, the aim of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review in order to identify and discuss the findings of the existing studies that focus on the consequences of perceived discrimination on internalizing mental health outcomes for immigrant adolescents in OECD countries. The systematic review included 16 studies for data extraction. The results showed that perceived discrimination has significant negative consequences on internalizing mental health outcomes for immigrant adolescents in OEDC countries resulting in higher levels of: depression, anxiety, psycho-somatization, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsession-compulsion symptoms. However, within this relationship, there are also moderating and mediating variables. Self-esteem, familism and cognitive appraisal of discriminatory events were characterized as mediators. Parental support, adherence to traditional family values, acculturation, transcultural identity, older age, higher socioeconomic status (SES), and ethnic identity were characterized as moderators. It is recommended that the negative consequences of perceived discrimination on internalizing mental health outcomes should be taken into consideration on societal levels and in mental health fields when planning interventions and therapies for immigrant adolescents. Additionally, further research in this field should be conducted in other OECD countries with different immigrant groups in order to increase the generalizability of the findings.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Reiter, Sandra L. « The institutions of foreign direct investment in developing countries and social/economic outcomes : a justice perspective / ». Thesis, Connect to this title online ; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8708.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Dawson, Rebecca. « Universal Jurisdiction and the Pursuit of Justice for Victims and Survivors of Genocide : A Social Network Analysis of OECD States and International Norm Diffusion ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413297.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Universal Jurisdiction (UJ) emerged as a norm in international post-conflict justice after the Nuremberg Trials and is based on the principle that the nature of certain crimes is of greater importance than the nationality of the perpetrator, the location of the crime or any direct connection to the prosecuting state. This paper discusses the spread of UJ, which has been wide-ranging and consistent since the 1950s, and seeks answers to the question – why do some states adopt universal jurisdiction legislation while others do not? Through the novel use of Social Network Analysis (SNA) and application of diffusion theory (specifically emulation), the study tests the hypothesis that liberalist network ties influence a state’s willingness to adopt UJ legislation. This bivariate relationship is tested with a medium-n population of OECD states and the empirical results of the SNA reveal strong support for the hypothesis, findings that are determined to be statistically significant by the Pearson’s Chi-Square test. This study embodies an innovative methodological and theoretical approach to an important international post-conflict justice issue, and draws attention to the obstacles that often stand between victims and survivors of genocide and their day in court. N.B The design of the Social Network Analysis maps and details in some tables mean that this paper is most optimally viewed in colour.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Caspary, Georg. « Institutional incoherence in development policy ? : the case of environmental and social safeguard systems in OECD-country public financing for large dams in developing countries ». Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0025.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

On peut affirmer que les grands barrages sont les structures les plus controversées construites par l’être humain. Leur nature controversée provient en particulier de l’impact important qu’elles ont sur les communautés environnantes (1. 3 million de personnes ont dû être relogées pour la construction du barrage des Trois Gorges en Chine), et sur l’environnement (de nombreux grands barrages ont conduit à l’inondation de plusieurs centaines de kilomètres carrés de terre). Cette thèse ne traite néanmoins le cas des barrages qu’en tant qu’exemple d’un problème plus grand : l’incohérence des politiques. Etant donné qu’une grande partie des sommes considérables nécessaires à la construction des barrages dans les pays en voie de développement vient toujours des ressources publiques des pays membres de l’OCDE, cette thèse pose la question de savoir si les systèmes de sécurité sociaux et environnementaux sont appliqués avec le même degré de rigueur par tous les types d’institutions financières publiques (IFPs, acronyme de l’auteur), financées totalement ou en majorité par l’argent public des pays membres de l’OCDE. En d’autre termes, cette thèse n’utilise les barrages qu’en tant qu’illustration particulièrement dramatique de l’impact que les projets de grandes infrastructures peuvent avoir et par conséquent, comme un cas particulièrement parlant permettant de comparer la manière dont les institutions financières abordent un tel impact dans leur travail
Public Financial Institutions (PFIs, author’s acronym) provide vital public investment investment for developing countries, while acting as an important ‘catalyst’ for private investment. This in turn contributes to broader growth and poverty reduction goals. Lack of coherence in actions of these PFIs could hamper these objectives. This thesis hopes to contribute to the coherence debate by comparing the stringency of safeguards applied by two different types of public financing institutions (PFIs, author’s acronym) in the building of large dams in developing countries. These are multilateral PFIs on the one hand; and OECD-country bilateral PFIs, consisting of Export Credit Agencies and national development financing institutions, on the other hand. The thesis compares the safeguards stringency of these two types of PFI firstly at the institutional level, by comparing the safeguards in place in a range of PFIs of each type; and secondly at the project level, by comparing the application of safeguards in dam projects financed by a range of PFIs of each type. The thesis finds substantive evidence that multilateral PFIs have more stringent safeguard policies on dams in place than bilateral PFIs. The final part of the thesis thus attempts to provide explanations for this finding. It argues that the most important among these are the more highly developed co-ordination mechanisms among multilateral PFIs compared to bilateral PFIs; diverging interest group pressure on both types of PFIs; and the different mandates of multilateral versus bilateral PFIs. Key points for the research agenda following from this thesis include to develop concrete steps to remedy this polic

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Chand, Triveni. « Politics of Transitional Justice : Examining Arrests of Former Wartime Leaders as An Electoral Manipulation Strategy in Post-Conflict Countries ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413097.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The systematic variation in arrests of former wartime leaders (including political/military leaders and those with commanding positions from both sides of conflict among other high-level wartime actors) in post-conflict countries have rarely been recognized and studied. Building on past literature that interlinks transitional justice with domestic politics, this study argues that the variation in arrests of former wartime leaders can be explained by elections and electoral manipulation theory. Amid the costs and opportunities associated with elections in general, I argue that incumbents also opt for arrests of former wartime leaders as an electoral manipulation strategy to eliminate political opponents and consolidate power in the guise of justice and, at the same time, minimize the costs associated with electoral manipulation tools. Hence, I hypothesize the arrest of former wartime leaders likely to be during the election period (the pre-election period, election day, and immediate post-election period). All else equal, the statistical test does not support the hypothesis while the complementary evidence from post-conflict Nepal and Sri Lanka suggest that presence (or absence) of justice in post-conflict countries is largely shaped by domestic politics. Similarly, few arrests in Sri Lanka and Nepal offer mild support to the theoretical expectations while few other arrests in Sri Lanka suggest that some arrests during the hypothesized election period are coincidental. This further questions the explanatory power of the suggested theory and findings.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Plus de sources

Livres sur le sujet "Social justice – OECD countries"

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., dir. Women and men in OECD countries. Paris : OECD Publications, 2007.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Germany), Bertelsmann Stiftung (Gütersloh, dir. Sustainable governance indicators 2009 : Policy performance and executive capacity in the OECD. Gütersloh : Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2009.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Germany), Bertelsmann Stiftung (Gütersloh, dir. Sustainable governance indicators 2009 : Policy performance and executive capacity in the OECD. Gütersloh : Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2009.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

United Kingdom. Department of Social Security. Social Assistance in OECD countries : Synthesis report. London : HMSO, 1996.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Istance, David. Education and equity in OECD countries. Paris : OECD, 1997.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Organisation for economic co-operation and development. Revenue statistics of OECD member countries, 1965-1991. Paris : Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1992.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development et SourceOECD (Online service), dir. Making reform happen : Lessons from OECD countries. Paris : OECD, 2010.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., dir. The future of international migration to OECD countries. [Paris] : OECD, 2009.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., dir. Living conditions in OECD countries : A compendium of social indicators. Paris : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1986.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Jacobzone, Stephane. Pharmaceutical policies in OECD countries : Reconciling social and industrilal goals. Paris : OECD, 2000.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Plus de sources

Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Social justice – OECD countries"

valentine, kylie. « Poverty in rich countries ». Dans Practical Justice : Principles, Practice and Social Change, 86–99. Title : Practical justice : principles, practice and social change / [edited by] Peter Aggleton, Alex Broom, Jeremy Moss. Description : 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019. : Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351010498-7.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Thatcher, Andrew, et Andrew Todd. « HFE in Underdeveloped Countries ». Dans Advancing Diversity, Inclusion, and Social Justice Through Human Systems Engineering, 31–50. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020. : CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429425905-3.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Kaasch, Alexandra. « Global Social Policy in the Context of Global Inequality ». Dans Welfare State Transformations and Inequality in OECD Countries, 247–66. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51184-3_11.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Groh-Samberg, Olaf. « Persistent Social and Rising Economic Inequalities : Evidence and Challenges ». Dans Welfare State Transformations and Inequality in OECD Countries, 41–63. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51184-3_3.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Akkari, Abdeljalil, et Colleen Loomis. « Contribution of Schooling to Community Development in African Countries ». Dans Handbook on Promoting Social Justice in Education, 1–13. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74078-2_12-1.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Akkari, Abdeljalil, et Colleen Loomis. « Contribution of Schooling to Community Development in African Countries ». Dans Handbook on Promoting Social Justice in Education, 711–23. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14625-2_12.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Bolaños Pérez, Nalleli Patricia, et Edgar J. Saucedo-Acosta. « Social Capital and Income Inequality in OECD Countries : Causality Evidence ». Dans Business Development and Economic Governance in Southeastern Europe, 35–52. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05351-1_2.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Dingeldey, Irene. « Changes in Labour Market Policies, the Gender Model and Social Inequality : Institutional Dualization Revisited ». Dans Welfare State Transformations and Inequality in OECD Countries, 219–43. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51184-3_10.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Jabłoński, Łukasz, Piotr Zmuda et Linda O’Riordan. « Income Inequality and Public Debt in OECD-Countries from a CSR Perspective ». Dans New Perspectives on Corporate Social Responsibility, 169–89. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06794-6_9.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Aikio-Puoskari, Ulla. « Chapter 13 The Ethnic Revival, Language and Education of the Sámi, an Indigenous People, in Three Nordic Countries (Finland, Norway and Sweden) ». Dans Social Justice through Multilingual Education, sous la direction de Tove Skutnabb-Kangas, Robert Phillipson, Ajit K. Mohanty et Minati Panda, 238–62. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit : Multilingual Matters, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781847691910-016.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Social justice – OECD countries"

Medina, José Manuel, Tatiana Herreros, Pamela De Barca et Carolina Crovetto. « PEDAGOGICAL INTERACTIONS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL REINTEGRATION PROCESSES : A CASE STUDY IN CHILE ». Dans International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end046.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

In Chile, despite the great coverage achieved, there are still children and adolescents who leave school without being able to complete 12 years of compulsory education (Casen, 2015); moreover, among the countries that make up the OECD, Chile is in the first places of deschooling (TALIS, 2013). This marginalization from the school system is affecting a significant number of children and hindering areas of integration and social development, which accentuates processes of social exclusion and violation of rights in Chile (Casen, 2015; Mide-UC, 2016; Mineduc, 2017). This is reinforced by pedagogical practices that strengthen these probabilities of failure (Román, 2013). The phenomenon of school reintegration has little evidence in relation to the human and technical component in school reintegration processes, either locally (Mide-UC, 2016; UNESCO-UNICEF-Chilean Association of Municipalities, 2012), or internationally (CEPAL, 2010; Contreras et al, 2014; Sucre, 2016), which implies observing and analyzing pedagogical intervention practices in these contexts, in terms of how these dialogical-reflective relational dynamics between teachers and children and adolescents are developed, from the perspective of pedagogical interactions, an area of growing interest in educational sciences, which looks at more than the action itself, at how and what happens in the interaction. (Colomina et al, 2001) This research from a qualitative, transactional approach, oriented from the perspective of descriptive studies (Hernández,et al, 2010) and enriched with the symbolic interactionism of Blumer (1969), whose contributions indicate that the nature of the teaching-learning processes can only be unraveled through direct examination, seeks to understand pedagogical intervention practices from the perspective of pedagogical interactions which are developed between teachers and their students, within the framework of the specialized protection programs in school reintegration implemented in Chile by the National Service for Minors of the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, in vulnerable sectors of the communes of Talca, Region of Maule and La Pintana, Metropolitan Region. The analysis through the theoretical and empirical contributions provided by the scientific evidence on pedagogical interactions, in terms of how they are configured, deployed and how these pedagogical intervention practices are perceived by the actors involved, added to the findings obtained, provides an opportunity to innovate by allowing the observation of school reintegration as a scenario of human relations and to deepen around this professional action as a critical element, constituting the improvement of teaching and effectiveness in school reintegration processes.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Tripses, Jenny S., Ilze Ivanova, Jūratė Valuckienė, Milda Damkuvienė et Karmen Trasberg. « Baltic Social Justice School Leaders ». Dans 79th International Scientific Conference of University of Latvia. University of Latvia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2021.33.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Social justice school leadership as a concept, while familiar in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States school leadership literature, is not widely recognized in other parts of the world. Social justice school leadership appropriately differs from one culture to another and is always context-specific to a particular school setting, great organization structure or country. However, social justice is a necessary and fundamental assumption for all educators committed to combating ignorance and the promotion of student global citizenship as a central theme of school practices. The purpose of this study was to provide understandings of ways that selected social justice school leaders from three countries; Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia conceive of and practice social justice in leading their schools. The manuscript describes how six Baltic directors, identified by local educators on the basis of research conducted by the International School Leaders Development Network (ISLDN) as social justice school leaders, responded to interview questions related to their practice. Four directors were Latvian and one each from Lithuania and Estonia. Limitations to the study include basing conclusions upon a single (or in one case, several) interview(s) per subject and limitations on generalizability of qualitative exploratory case study. By definition, every case study is unique, limiting generalizability. Interviews were thematically analyzed using the following definition: A social justice school leader is one who sees injustice in ways that others do not, and has the moral purpose, skills, and necessary relationships to combat injustice for the benefit of all students. Findings reveal strong application of values to identify problems based on well-being of all students and their families and to work collaboratively with other educators to find solution processes to complex issues related to social justice inequities. As social justice pioneers in their countries, these principals personify social justice school leadership in countries where the term social justice is not part of scholarly discourse.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Plotnikov, A. « Analysis Of The Relationship Between Unemployment And Self-Employment In Oecd Countries ». Dans II International Conference on Economic and Social Trends for Sustainability of Modern Society. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.09.02.103.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Murray, Emily T., Nicola Shelton, Paul Norman et Jenny Head. « P37 Measuring the health of people in places : a scoping review of OECD member countries ». Dans Society for Social Medicine Annual Scientific Meeting Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2021-ssmabstracts.125.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Chalid, Pheni, et Astrid Nadya Rizqita. « Existing Social Justice Choice for Underprivileged Society Members ». Dans 1st International Conference of Law and Justice - Good Governance and Human Rights in Muslim Countries : Experiences and Challenges (ICLJ 2017). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iclj-17.2018.10.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Haykır Hobikoğlu, Elif, et Ahmet İncekara. « A Comparative Analysis of Turkey’s and Other OECD Countries’ Decent Work Structures ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01603.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This study examines all the efforts paid since the year 2000 for improving the working conditions of decent work which is a concept that has been in use by the International Labour Organization. A comparative analysis of Turkey's and other OECD counties' decent work structures is presented in our study which has been conducted by looking at such indicators as wages paid for labour, working conditions, social security rights, union rights, income security, annual leave durations, existence of social dialogue, labour participation rates, social assistance, social protections, the state of human development index.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Mozayeni, Simin, et Simon Li. « HOUSEHOLD SAVING RATES AND SOCIAL INSURANCE RETIREMENT INCOME : AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF THE OECD COUNTRIES ». Dans 23rd International Academic Conference, Venice. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2016.023.071.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Sukarti, Dewi, et Isnawati Rais. « Islamic Inheritance Law For Economic Social Justice in Indonesia ». Dans 1st International Conference of Law and Justice - Good Governance and Human Rights in Muslim Countries : Experiences and Challenges (ICLJ 2017). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iclj-17.2018.34.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Algan, Neşe, Erhan İşcan et Duygu Serin Oktay. « The Effect of Technology Spillovers on Income Distribution : An Application on OECD Countries ». Dans International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02294.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Ensuring a fair income distribution to increase social welfare is one of the main objectives of economic policies. With the acceleration of innovations in information and communication technology in the 20th century, the developments in technology have been characterized as the main reason for growth, welfare and productivity growth. However, rapid technological developments have revealed that significant changes in the dynamics of income inequalities occur at the same time. The growth in income inequality has increased significantly in many countries recently. Accordingly, the notion that the spread of technology has led to growth in income inequality has attracted attention in recent years. In the light of this information, the aim of the study is to reveal the impact of the spread of new technologies on income inequality and the factors underlying the income inequality dynamics. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of technology spillovers on income inequality of selected OECD countries including Turkey using panel data analysis. The data for all countries obtained from the World Bank’s Development Indicators and OECD. Stat. The empirical conclusion indicated the effect of the technology spillovers on income inequality. This empirical finding contributed to promote the existing literature, and also draws main attention of policymakers. Because, knowing the factors underlying income inequality, which is seen as an important economic and social problem, is important in determining effective policies to ensure a more equitable income distribution.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Zhang, Yuanzhao. « The Relationship of Social Network and Employment to People's Life Satisfaction — Based on the Empirical Analysis of OECD Countries ». Dans Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Economy, Judicature, Administration and Humanitarian Projects (JAHP 2019). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jahp-19.2019.36.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Social justice – OECD countries"

Pritchett, Lant, et Martina Viarengo. Learning Outcomes in Developing Countries : Four Hard Lessons from PISA-D. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), avril 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/069.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The learning crisis in developing countries is increasingly acknowledged (World Bank, 2018). The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) include goals and targets for universal learning and the World Bank has adopted a goal of eliminating learning poverty. We use student level PISA-D results for seven countries (Cambodia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Paraguay, Senegal, and Zambia) to examine inequality in learning outcomes at the global, country, and student level for public school students. We examine learning inequality using five dimensions of potential social disadvantage measured in PISA: sex, rurality, home language, immigrant status, and socio-economic status (SES)—using the PISA measure of ESCS (Economic, Social, and Cultural Status) to measure SES. We document four important facts. First, with the exception of Ecuador, less than a third of the advantaged (male, urban, native, home speakers of the language of instruction) and ESCS elite (plus 2 standard deviations above the mean) children enrolled in public schools in PISA-D countries reach the SDG minimal target of PISA level 2 or higher in mathematics (with similarly low levels for reading and science). Even if learning differentials of enrolled students along all five dimensions of disadvantage were eliminated, the vast majority of children in these countries would not reach the SDG minimum targets. Second, the inequality in learning outcomes of the in-school children who were assessed by the PISA by household ESCS is mostly smaller in these less developed countries than in OECD or high-performing non-OECD countries. If the PISA-D countries had the same relationship of learning to ESCS as Denmark (as an example of a typical OECD country) or Vietnam (a high-performing developing country) their enrolled ESCS disadvantaged children would do worse, not better, than they actually do. Third, the disadvantages in learning outcomes along four characteristics: sex, rurality, home language, and being an immigrant country are absolutely large, but still small compared to the enormous gap between the advantaged, ESCS average students, and the SDG minimums. Given the massive global inequalities, remediating within-country inequalities in learning, while undoubtedly important for equity and justice, leads to only modest gains towards the SDG targets. Fourth, even including both public and private school students, there are strikingly few children in PISA-D countries at high levels of performance. The absolute number of children at PISA level 4 or above (reached by roughly 30 percent of OECD children) in the low performing PISA-D countries is less than a few thousand individuals, sometimes only a few hundred—in some subjects and countries just double or single digits. These four hard lessons from PISA-D reinforce the need to address global equity by “raising the floor” and targeting low learning levels (Crouch and Rolleston, 2017; Crouch, Rolleston, and Gustafsson, 2020). As Vietnam and other recent successes show, this can be done in developing country settings if education systems align around learning to improve the effectiveness of the teaching and learning processes to improve early learning of foundational skills.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Ehrlich, Isaac, et Jinyoung Kim. Has Social Security Influenced Family Formation and Fertility in OECD Countries ? An Economic and Econometric Analysis. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, janvier 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12869.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Cedergren, Elin, Carlos Tapia, Nora Sánchez Gassen et Anna Lundgren. Just Green Transition – key concepts and implications in the Nordic Region. Nordregio, août 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/wp2022:2.1403-2511.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This discussion paper is a based on a literature review of the just green transition in a Nordic, European and OECD setting, via the lens of three interrelated dimensions within this concept: transition, green economy and social justice. The discussion paper starts by outlining the aim and the guiding questions. There then follows a section presenting the research methods and sources of material. Section 4 presents a review of the concepts transition, green economy and social justice, along with an overview of the overarching concept of the just green transition. This is followed by a discussion of its key implications in the Nordic Region. The section concludes with proposals for working definitions of concepts for the NJUST project.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Balza, Lenin, Lina M. Díaz, Nicolás Gómez Parra et Osmel Manzano. The Unwritten License : The Social License to Operate in Latin America's Extractive Sector. Inter-American Development Bank, décembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003820.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The Latin America and the Caribbean region has benefited significantly from economic growth driven by the extractive sector. At the same time, the region has experienced high levels of conflicts related to this sector. This paper presents an overview of citizens' perceptions of the extractive industries in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Using a representative sample for each country, we identify regional and country-specific determinants of the Social License to Operate (SLO). The SLO is an unwritten license of social approval accorded to extractive projects by citizens. In this paper, we investigate a generalized version of the SLO, capturing public sentiment toward the mining and the oil and gas sectors in general. While our findings confirm that perceptions vary across countries, we show that governance is the strongest predictor of trust between citizens and the extractive sector, which is consistent with the evidence in the literature. In addition, procedural justice, distributive justice, and nationalism play essential roles in shaping individuals' attitudes. These findings suggest that strengthening government institutions could contribute to the prevention of conflict around extractive industries.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Bull, Benedicte. A Social compromise for the Anthropocene ? Elite reactions to the Escazú Agreement and the prospects for a Latin American transformative green state. Fundación Carolina, octobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtfo07en.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The world is urgently facing the need for a “green transformation”, involving not only a transition towards the use renewable energy and reduction of biodiversity loss, but a deep social change towards social justice and sustainability. Such action requires social compromises between elites and popular sectors that allow the building of strong institutions to implement changes. Latin America is faced with huge tasks to increase equality, justice and sustainability, but it also plays a pivotal role in the global green transformation. The region is further characterized by both strong elites, strong socio-environmental movements and deep environmental conflicts making social compromises difficult. This Working Paper discusses elite reactions to the most advanced regional agreement on environmental regulation and conflict resolution, the Escazù Agreement. In many countries, elites opposed it vehemently referring to national sovereignty, but particularly rejecting the institutional implications of the agreement involving a stronger compromise to allow popular participation. This was opposed by economic elites in democratic countries (Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica and Peru) as well as governmental elites in authoritarian countries (El Salvador and Venezuela). However, in various cases, elite opposition was overcome after popular mobilization and dialogue. The paper discusses what we can learn from elite reactions to the Escazú Agreement of importance for future social compromises as a basis for the emergence for transformative states in Latin America.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Kelly, Luke. Evidence on the Role of Civil Society in Security and Justice Reform. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), décembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.031.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This rapid review focuses on the role of civil society in SSR in several contexts. It finds that donor driven SSR is seen to have failed to include civil society, and that such efforts have been focused on training and equipping security forces. However, in some contexts, donors have been able to successfully develop civil society capacity or engage civil society groups in reforms, as in Sierra Leone. There are also several examples of security and justice reforms undertaken by local popular movements as part of regime change, namely Ethiopia and South Africa. In other contexts, such as Indonesia, the role of civil society has led to partial successes from which lessons can be drawn. The theoretical and empirical literature attributes several potential roles to civil society in SSR. These include making security and justice institutions accountable, mobilising a range of social groups for reform, publicising abuses and advocating for reform, offering technical expertise, and improving security-citizen relations. The literature also points to the inherent difficulties in implementing SSR, namely the entrenched nature of most security systems. The literature emphasises that security sector reform is a political process, as authoritarian or predatory security systems are usually backed by powerful, skilled and tenacious vested interests. Dislodging them from power therefore requires significant political will – civil society can be one part of this. The evidence base for the topic is relatively thin. While there is much literature on the theory of SSR from a donor perspective, there are fewer empirical studies. Moreover, scholars have identified relatively few successful examples of SSR. The role of civil society is found to be greater in more economically developed countries, meaning there is less discussion of the role of civil society in many African SSR contexts, for example (except to note its absence). In addition, most research discusses the role of civil society alongside that of other actors such as donors, security services or political elites, limiting analysis of the specific role of civil society.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Rezaie, Shogofa, Fedra Vanhuyse, Karin André et Maryna Henrysson. Governing the circular economy : how urban policymakers can accelerate the agenda. Stockholm Environment Institute, septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.027.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

We believe the climate crisis will be resolved in cities. Today, while cities occupy only 2% of the Earth's surface, 57% of the world's population lives in cities, and by 2050, it will jump to 68% (UN, 2018). Currently, cities consume over 75% of natural resources, accumulate 50% of the global waste and emit up to 80% of greenhouse gases (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2017). Cities generate 70% of the global gross domestic product and are significant drivers of economic growth (UN-Habitat III, 2016). At the same time, cities sit on the frontline of natural disasters such as floods, storms and droughts (De Sherbinin et al., 2007; Major et al., 2011; Rockström et al., 2021). One of the sustainability pathways to reduce the environmental consequences of the current extract-make-dispose model (or the "linear economy") is a circular economy (CE) model. A CE is defined as "an economic system that is based on business models which replace the 'end-of-life' concept with reducing, alternatively reusing, recycling and recovering materials in production/distribution and consumption processes" (Kirchherr et al., 2017, p. 224). By redesigning production processes and thereby extending the lifespan of goods and materials, researchers suggest that CE approaches reduce waste and increase employment and resource security while sustaining business competitiveness (Korhonen et al., 2018; Niskanen et al., 2020; Stahel, 2012; Winans et al., 2017). Organizations such as the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and Circle Economy help steer businesses toward CE strategies. The CE is also a political priority in countries and municipalities globally. For instance, the CE Action Plan, launched by the European Commission in 2015 and reconfirmed in 2020, is a central pillar of the European Green Deal (European Commission, 2015, 2020). Additionally, more governments are implementing national CE strategies in China (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2018), Colombia (Government of the Republic of Colombia, 2019), Finland (Sitra, 2016), Sweden (Government Offices of Sweden, 2020) and the US (Metabolic, 2018, 2019), to name a few. Meanwhile, more cities worldwide are adopting CE models to achieve more resource-efficient urban management systems, thereby advancing their environmental ambitions (Petit-Boix & Leipold, 2018; Turcu & Gillie, 2020; Vanhuyse, Haddaway, et al., 2021). Cities with CE ambitions include, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Paris, Toronto, Peterborough (England) and Umeå (Sweden) (OECD, 2020a). In Europe, over 60 cities signed the European Circular Cities Declaration (2020) to harmonize the transition towards a CE in the region. In this policy brief, we provide insights into common challenges local governments face in implementing their CE plans and suggest recommendations for overcoming these. It aims to answer the question: How can the CE agenda be governed in cities? It is based on the results of the Urban Circularity Assessment Framework (UCAF) project, building on findings from 25 interviews, focus group discussions and workshops held with different stakeholder groups in Umeå, as well as research on Stockholm's urban circularity potential, including findings from 11 expert interviews (Rezaie, 2021). Our findings were complemented by the Circular Economy Lab project (Rezaie et al., 2022) and experiences from working with municipal governments in Sweden, Belgium, France and the UK, on CE and environmental and social sustainability.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Nous offrons des réductions sur tous les plans premium pour les auteurs dont les œuvres sont incluses dans des sélections littéraires thématiques. Contactez-nous pour obtenir un code promo unique!