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1
Silver, Hilary. « The Social Integration of Germany since Unification ». German Politics and Society 28, no 1 (1 mars 2010) : 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2010.280109.
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Germans are inordinately preoccupied with the question of national integration. From the Kulturkampf to the Weimar Republic to the separation of East and West, social fractiousness is deeply ingrained in German history, giving rise to a desire to unify the "incomplete nation." Yet, the impulse to integrate German society has long been ambivalent. Between Bismarck and the Nazi interregnum, top-down efforts to force Germans to integrate threatened to erase valued differences. The twentieth anniversary of German reunification is the occasion to assess the reality of and ambivalence towards social integration in contemporary Germany. A review of economic and social measures of East-West, immigrant, and Muslim integration provides many indications of progress. Nevertheless, social cleavages persist despite political integration. Indeed, in some aspects, including in the party system, fragmentation is greater now than it was two decades ago. Yet successful social integration is a two-way street, requiring newcomers and oldtimers to interact. Integration of the European Union to some extent has followed this German path, with subsidiarity ensuring a decentralized social model and limited cohesion. German ambivalence about social integration is a major reason for the continuing social fragmentation of the society.
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Becker, Emma. « Migration and Cultural Integration in Germany ». International Journal of Sociology 8, no 2 (30 mai 2024) : 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijs.2590.
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Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the migration and cultural integration in Germany. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Migration and cultural integration in Germany present both achievements and hurdles. Successful integration hinges on factors like language skills, education access, and job opportunities. Yet, challenges persist due to cultural disparities, discrimination, and social exclusion. Though progress is evident, ensuring migrants' seamless integration remains a continual and intricate endeavor in Germany. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social identity theory, multiculturalism theory & transnationalism theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the migration and cultural integration in Germany. Community-based organizations, educational institutions, and government agencies should collaborate to provide tailored support services and resources that empower immigrants to fully participate in German society while preserving their cultural identities. Policymakers should enact policies that promote inclusive societies and remove barriers to immigrant integration in Germany.
3
Cindik-Herbrüggen, Elif Duygu, Hasan Hüseyin Tekin et Tugba Toptas Böcü. « An Investigation of Social Integration, Social Support and Life Satisfaction of Turkish Immigrants Diagnosed with Depression and/or Anxiety Living in Germany ». Border Crossing 13, no 1 (27 juin 2023) : 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v13i1.2840.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between social integration, perceived social support, and life satisfaction in Turkish immigrants diagnosed with depression and/or anxiety living in Germany. The population of the study was 400 Turkish immigrant patients treated at the Neuro‐Psychiatrisches Zentrum Riem (NPZR) in Munich, Germany. Data was collected using the Community Integration Measure (CIM), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Results showed that Turkish immigrants with higher social support scores had higher social integration and life satisfaction scores. Moreover, employed immigrants, those who identified as German citizens, and those who were married had higher social integration and perceived social support scores. Conversely, divorced immigrants had lower perceived social support scores. These findings suggest that social integration and life satisfaction in Turkish immigrants are related to perceived social support. The results of this study can contribute to the literature regarding the psychological difficulties facing migrants who are forced to leave their social lives and families.
4
Kim, Sang-Cheol. « Social Policy and Social Integration in East Germany after Reunification ». Ordo Economics Journal 22, no 2 (30 juin 2019) : 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20436/oej.22.2.001.
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Chaebok Park. « Multicultural Challenges and Social Integration Policy in Germany ». Journal of Contemporary European Studies 30, no 2 (août 2012) : 347–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17052/jces.2012.30.2.347.
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Hellmann, Jens H., Boris Forthmann, Judith Knausenberger, Deborah F. Hellmann, Jonas H. Rees, Eva Gansel, Mitja D. Back et Gerald Echterhoff. « Support for Refugee Integration in West and East Germany ». Social Psychology 51, no 2 (mars 2020) : 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000397.
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Abstract. Prior research has reported less favorable attitudes toward and more violent crimes against ethnic out-group members in East (vs. West) Germany. We conducted two pre-registered lost letter studies in West versus East German cities (Study 1, N = 400) and in West versus East German rural areas (Study 2, N = 400). To investigate supportive behavior regarding refugee integration, we manipulated the addressee (refugee-integration vs. immigration-stop projects). Contrary to predictions, letter return rates did not differ between West and East Germany. Across western and eastern German regions, return rates were higher for the refugee-integration project in urban areas while no differences emerged in rural areas. A pooled analysis found greater support for the refugee-integration (vs. immigration-stop) project.
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Li, Hanwei. « Academic Integration of Mainland Chinese Students in Germany ». Social Inclusion 5, no 1 (28 mars 2017) : 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v5i1.824.
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This article presents an analysis of the academic integration experiences of mainland Chinese tertiary-level students in Germany. Using Tinto’s model, the article explores the challenges that Chinese students face during their academic integration, the strategies they employ, and the relationship between academic and social integration. The data were collected in spring 2016 by interviewing 26 mainland Chinese students studying either in German universities or universities of applied sciences. Four major challenges were identified and analyzed: language barrier, knowledge gap, pedagogical differences, and cultural differences. An important outcome of the study presented is that social integration serves as a facilitator for enhancing academic integration, but is not a prerequisite for academic success. Group learning with peers was found to enhance learning outcomes. Overall, Chinese students have exploited their own advantages in academic integration by exploring feasible strategies and benefiting from their past learning experiences. It is suggested that academic integration as a long and challenging process for international students should be acknowledged by the German HEIs, and that more institutional support and guidance are needed.
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Spicka, Mark E. « Guest Workers, Social Order, and West German Municipalities, 1960–7 ». Journal of Contemporary History 54, no 3 (11 octobre 2018) : 619–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009418793516.
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This article examines the response of West German cities and their main political pressure group, the Deutsche Städtetag (DST, The German Council of Municipalities) to the arrival of guest workers between 1960–7. It argues that unlike the federal government, almost all city authorities quickly understood that a portion of the guest workers would remain permanently in West Germany. As a result, the DST and most cities called for some form of guest worker integration already by the early 1960s. Although often expressing humanitarian concern for the guest workers, the cities framed guest worker integration in terms of limiting costs, preserving social order, and maintaining control over the guest workers. In their discussions on guest worker integration, West German cities racialized the guest workers from southern Europe by maintaining a hierarchy of difference with an assumption that the guest workers would never become fully German.
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Campbell, Ross. « Germany United ? » German Politics and Society 41, no 1 (1 mars 2023) : 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2023.410101.
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Abstract In the aftermath of unification, studies consistently uncovered differences in trust between citizens of the east and west of Germany. This article examines if this remains the case. It evaluates the trends and individual-level drivers of trust from 1984 to 2018 using data from the German General Social Survey (allbus) showing, first, that Germans are cautiously trusting of institutions, trust is more extensive than at any point since unification, and the differences between the east and west have narrowed; and, second, that trust is shaped by factors that are broadly similar between the two parts of the country. Multivariate models and post-estimation analyses show that trust is steeped in a variety of phenomena, some of which provide it with resilience and durability. The study rejects suggestions that Germany is suffering from a legitimacy crisis and concludes that the project of national integration is more complete than has previously been thought.
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Rother, Nina. « Better integrated due to a German partner ? : an analysis of differences in the integration of foreigners in intra- and inter-ethnic partnerships in Germany ». OBETS. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, no 1 (15 juin 2008) : 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/obets2008.1.02.
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This paper analyses differences in the integration of foreigners living in intra- and inter-ethnic partnerships in Germany. According to social distance theory, it is assumed that migrants living in an inter-ethnic partnership should be better integrated or should have better conditions for a successful integration than foreigners living in an intra-ethnic partnership. This hypothesis is analysed by using data from the first wave of the German Integration Panel, a longitudinal survey of integration course participants. The analyses conducted led to the central result that participants of an integration course are more integrated when they have a German partner without migration background. This is especially true for their cultural integration, i.e. knowledge and usage of the German language, but also for their social and emotional integration.
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Cai, Jialiang. « The Vicious circle of the Identity of the East German Masses -- the Dilemma of the Construction of the German Common National Identity ». Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 2 (6 novembre 2022) : 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v2i.2368.
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After the World War II, Germany was divided into two parts, the East and the West carried out social economy and national construction for half a century under the guidance of planned economy and market economy separately. The longer the division of Germany, the greater the gap between east and west in terms of economic system, political culture and so on. Now, Germany has been unified for more than 30 years, and the economic integration between the East and the West has achieved remarkable results. However, in terms of identity, there are still barriers between east and west that hinder the construction of a common German identity. In order to figure out what factors hinder the German identity forming, through reviewing history of the process of German economic integration, unequal economic developing structure was found that it could be origin of the barriers.
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Kaplan, Marion. « Friendship on the Margins : Jewish Social Relations in Imperial Germany ». Central European History 34, no 4 (décembre 2001) : 471–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691610152988017.
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Historians who look at the stark contrast between the spectacular successes of Jews in late nineteenth-century Germany and their horrific end in the Holocaust only a few decades later continue to argue about the relative success or failure of Jewish integration into German society. Were Germany's 600, 000 Jews — only 1 percent of the population — fully integrated or not? Did they have non-Jewish friends or not? Were they accepted or were they strangers in their own land?
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von Koppenfels, Amanda Klekowski. « Second-Class Citizens ? Restricted Freedom of Movement for Spätaussiedler is Constitutional ». German Law Journal 5, no 7 (1 juillet 2004) : 761–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200012852.
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The right to the freedom of movement for all Germans is one of the nineteen so-called Grundrechte (Fundamental Rights) and is enshrined in Article 11(1) of the German Grundgesetz (Basic Law): “All Germans enjoy freedom of movement throughout the Federal territory.” On 17 March 2004, however, the Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court) handed down a decision in which it concluded that the restriction of freedom of movement for one clearly defined group of German citizens is constitutional. Pursuant to the Wohnortzuweisungsgesetz, or Residence Assignment Act, as amended in 1996, Spätaussiedler (ethnic German migrants from the former Soviet Union who are eligible for full citizenship status), may have their freedom of movement restricted during the first three years of their residency in Germany. The restriction on their freedom of movement is triggered if they seek to avail themselves of any of a range of social benefits, including: welfare, some forms of unemployment assistance (Arbeitslosenhilfe), or integration assistance directed at Spätaussiedler, such as a six-month language course. Confronted with the loss of these social benefits, Spätaussiedler who nonetheless choose to exercise their freedom of movement are eligible to receive only a subsistence level of support. This restriction applies, nearly without exception, to all Spätaussiedler for the first three years of their residence in Germany due to the high rate of reliance among Spätaussiedler in their initial years in Germany upon these forms of public assistance.
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Ding, Tianlu. « Social Dialogue and Its Role in Germany Vocational Education and Training ». Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 2, no 1 (1 mars 2023) : 715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/2/2022xxx.
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This paper takes Germany as a case study, examining the role and development of social dialogue in Germany's vocational education system. Considering the extensiveness of the German VET system, the central question is how social dialogue can play its role to promote vocational training and development in various sectors. The paper analyzes the role of social dialogue at the national and company level and concludes that social dialogue actively contributes to the development of VET in Germany and ensures the rights of apprentices and employers in terms of legislation, financial, and qualification levels. In addition, the paper also identifies the social dialogues responses to challenges faced by VET in Germany, i.e., facility and operational problems due to the rapid development of digital technology and the integration of vocational education into higher education.
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Ding, Tianlu. « Social Dialogue and Its Role in Germany Vocational Education and Training ». Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 2, no 1 (1 mars 2023) : 715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/2/2022422.
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This paper takes Germany as a case study, examining the role and development of social dialogue in Germany's vocational education system. Considering the extensiveness of the German VET system, the central question is how social dialogue can play its role to promote vocational training and development in various sectors. The paper analyzes the role of social dialogue at the national and company level and concludes that social dialogue actively contributes to the development of VET in Germany and ensures the rights of apprentices and employers in terms of legislation, financial, and qualification levels. In addition, the paper also identifies the social dialogues responses to challenges faced by VET in Germany, i.e., facility and operational problems due to the rapid development of digital technology and the integration of vocational education into higher education.
16
Fert, Olha. « Inclusion of Ukrainian children with special needs in Germany ». Visnyk of Lviv University. Series Pedagogics, no 38 (2023) : 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vpe.2023.38.11870.
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Today, in the context of the war in Ukraine, more and more Ukrainian refugees are seeking refuge in European countries, and a significant number of Ukrainians are temporarily staying in Germany. As of April 2023, 205,000 children and young people from Ukraine are integrated into the German education system. A particular challenge is the inclusion of children with special educational needs in Germany and all over Europe. This article analyzes the current situation and main challenges related to the integration of Ukrainians in Germany. The purpose of the article is to explore the main difficulties associated with the inclusion of children with special needs in the German education system. For coping with this huge and complicated problem, we should develop some strategies for teachers and parents to make them understand the causes of the main difficulties; also we should give them instruments to improve current situation and minimize maladaptation in the future. The first step for all these purposes is to analyze the near future: explore the main challenges for Ukrainian refugees in the German education system and analyze the prospects for efficient inclusion of this group of students into German education institutions. In the course of the study, based on the results of a survey of parents of children with special needs, the main challenges for children with special needs and their parents when integrating into German society were recognized. They are conditions of chronic stress, language barrier, and difficulties with integration into peer groups. As for the school environment, the main problems are the lack of Ukrainian-speaking teachers and insufficient attention of the teaching staff to the processes of socialization, integration and behavioral characteristics of children. Strengthening special support for children in the educational environment is also desirable. The processes of comprehensive integration of Ukrainian refugees into both educational and social environments require further study, because most of the problems faced by children with disabilities and their parents in Germany are also characteristic of the wider refugee population from Ukraine in Europe. Keywords: Ukrainian refugees, inclusion, children with special needs, German education system.
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Sachweh, Patrick. « Social Integration and Right-Wing Populist Voting in Germany ». Analyse & ; Kritik 42, no 2 (1 novembre 2020) : 369–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auk-2020-0015.
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Abstract Electoral support for right-wing populist parties is typically explained either by economic deprivation or cultural grievances. Attempting to bring economic and cultural explanations together, recent approaches have suggested to conceptualize right-wing populist support as a problem of social integration. Applying this perspective to the German case, this article investigates whether weak subjective social integration-or subjective social marginalization, respectively-is associated with the intention to vote for the AfD. Furthermore, it asks whether the strength of this association varies across income groups. Based on original survey data from 2017, the results show that indicators of weak subjective social integration-feeling socially excluded, being anxious about one’s status, and distrusting others-increase the likelihood of voting for the AfD. Moreover, weak subjective social integration increases right-wing party support particularly among the middle-class. Thus, next to fears of downward mobility, feelings of subjective social marginalization emerge as a pathway to right-wing populism for the middle-class.
18
Seifert, Wolfgang. « Occupational and social integration of immigrant groups in Germany ». Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 22, no 3 (juillet 1996) : 417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.1996.9976548.
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Tolmacheva, Anastasia Yu. « Muslim Migrants in Germany : Problems of Adaptation and Integration ». Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika 7, no 3 (2019) : 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2019.7.3.6689.
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Nowadays, every fifth German citizen has migration background, while Islam has become the second largest religion in the country. The number of Muslims increases every year, which raises concerns of the local population. Integration of Muslim migrants appears to be a great challenge for the country. Low education level, high religiousness, specifics of Islamic culture, often negative attitude toward this migration group – all of this creates problems with their integration. Modern Germany is an immigration country where integration policy is developed and implemented. The policy is oriented towards establishing conditions for successful integration of Muslims and shaping stable positive opinion about this group of migrants among the local population. German government structures regularly carry out studies of the Muslim population and the specifics of its linguistic, professional and social integration, which allow adapting integration programs. Using the example of Turkish migrants, who represent the largest group of Muslims in Germany (63%), the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees carried out studies that demonstrate specifics and difficulties of their adaptation, as well as successes of integration of the second and the third generations of Muslims. The peak of recent migration activity happened in 2015–2016, where more than 70% of migrants applying for the refugee status were Muslims. In this situation, the most valuable thing appears to be a successful implementation of the integration programs in the spheres of labour, education and socialisation. Taking into account demographic difficulties forecasted for Germany in the coming decades, the living standards and economy stability of the country will depend on the successful integration of migrants.
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Schmid-Petri, Hannah, Moritz Bürger, Stephan Schlögl, Mara Schwind, Jelena Mitrović et Ramona Kühn. « The multilingual Twitter-discourse on vaccination in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic ». Media and Communication 11, no 1 (27 mars 2023) : 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v11i1.6058.
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There is evidence that specific segments of the population were hit particularly hard by the Covid-19 pandemic (e.g., people with a migration background). In this context, the impact and role played by online platforms in facilitating the integration or fragmentation of public debates and social groups is a recurring topic of discussion. This is where our study ties in, we ask: How is the topic of vaccination discussed and evaluated in different language communities in Germany on Twitter during the Covid-19 pandemic? We collected all tweets in German, Russian, Turkish, and Polish (i.e., the largest migrant groups in Germany) in March 2021 that included the most important keywords related to Covid-19 vaccination. All users were automatically geocoded. The data was limited to tweets from Germany. Our results show that the multilingual debate on Covid-19 vaccination in Germany does not have many structural connections. However, in terms of actors, arguments, and positions towards Covid-19 vaccination, the discussion in the different language communities is similar. This indicates that there is a parallelism of the debates but no social-discursive integration.
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Lemańczyk, Magdalena. « “Thank You, Your Putin Has Already Congratulated Us” ». Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki, no 31 (30 novembre 2023) : 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2023.31.02.
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Due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, Russophobic war--related crimes took place in Germany. The incidents were aimed at Russians or people perceived as such. At that time, the Russian-German late resettlers Spätaussiedler also experienced discrimination, being stereotypically perceived as pro-Putin immigrants from post-Soviet countries. The article analyzes the escalation of anti-Russian prejudices and discrimination in Germany in 2022, also directed at Russian-German late resettlers, in the context of their migration history and sense of social integration.
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Bade, Klaus J. « Immigration and integration in Germany since 1945 ». European Review 1, no 1 (janvier 1993) : 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700000405.
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The immigration pattern in Germany has changed from emigration to immigration. The state has yet to recognize this fact and to come to terms with the social requirements that this entails. Public attitudes emphasize the difficulties that emigrants bring but are insufficiently attuned to the positive economic and cultural aspects of emigration.
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Münz, Rainer, et Ralf Ulrich. « Immigration and Citizenship in Germany ». German Politics and Society 17, no 4 (1 décembre 1999) : 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503099782486761.
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In Germany, as in many other European democracies, immigrationand citizenship are contested and contentious issues. In the Germancase it was both the magnitude of postwar and recent immigration aswell as its interference with questions of identity that created politicaland social conflict. As a result of World War II, the coexistenceof two German states, and the persistence of ethnic German minoritiesin central and eastern Europe, (West) Germany’s migration andnaturalization policy was inclusive toward expellees, GDR citizens,and co-ethnics. At the same time, the Federal Republic of Germany,despite the recruitment of several million foreign labor migrantsand—until 1992—a relatively liberal asylum practice, did not developsimilar mechanisms and policies of absorption and integration of itslegal foreign residents.
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Schmich, Marilena, et Jay Mitra. « Can Entrepreneurship Enable Economic and Social Integration of Refugees ? A Comparison of the Economic, Social and Policy Context for Refugee Entrepreneurship in the UK and Germany ». Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies 9, no 1 (janvier 2023) : 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23939575221146848.
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This article examines critically the support systems necessary for economic integration of refugees by analysing the economic, social and policy context of refugee entrepreneurship in Germany and the UK. Current economic integration policies in both countries focus primarily on assisting refugees to find employment while appearing to neglect the value of refugee entrepreneurship as a viable option for integrating refugees into the destination country’s economy. Assuming economic integration of refugees is a fundamental socio-economic goal in both countries, our aim was to examine the challenges that could be addressed with regard to future policies for targeting refugee entrepreneurship and augmenting both entrepreneurship development and entrepreneurial policy formulation in host societies. We introduce a theoretical framework building on Wauters and Lambrecht (2008 , Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 34(6), 895–915) and use inductive thematic analysis ( Guest et al., 2013 , Collecting qualitative data: A field manual for applied research) to examine which variables impact refugees. We identify how regulations, measures and policies in different environments affect those variables. We also examine the concept of mixed embeddedness ( Kloosterman et al., 1999 , International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 23(2), 252–266), and its appropriateness for understanding the emergent entrepreneurial activity of refugees and the support systems that can aid opportunity-based integration. Our findings show that first, the most common challenges refugee entrepreneurs encounter are (a) seed capital, (b) language barriers, (c) location, (d) embeddedness and (e) knowledge about the local market. Second, there are no significant differences in the challenges that refugee entrepreneurs encounter, between the UK and Germany. Third, we also find that the support system for refugee entrepreneurs is larger in Germany than in the UK due to the capacity of government and civil society support. We conclude that combating downward occupational mobility, and fully using the potential and expertise of refugees, refugee entrepreneurship could be considered as a viable option for economic integration because refugee communities offer unique opportunities for potentially expanding the scope and style of entrepreneurship in host countries.
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KIM, Hyeong Min. « Arguments over Social Integration in Germany : ‘Illusion’ of Parallel Society ». Korean Society for European Integration 13, no 1 (30 mars 2022) : 157–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32625/kjei.2022.26.157.
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Kim, Hyeong Min. « Multicultural Policy for Social Integration - Case of Germany and Korea - ». Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology 2, no 2 (31 décembre 2012) : 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmscahs.2012.12.03.
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Stevenson, Patrick. « The Language Question in Contemporary Germany : The Challenges of Multilingualism ». German Politics and Society 33, no 1 (1 juin 2015) : 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2015.330106.
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This article addresses the complex relationships between political discourses, demographic constellations, the affordances of new technologies, and linguistic practices in contemporary Germany. It focuses on political and personal responses to the increasingly multilingual nature of German society and the often-conflicting ways in which “the German language” figures in strategies promoting social integration and Germany's global position. In order to do this, the idea of “the German language” is contextualized in relation to both internal and external processes of contemporary social change. On the one hand, changes to the social order arising from the increasingly complex patterns of inward migration have led to conflicts between a persistent monolingual ideology and multilingual realities. On the other hand, changes in the global context and the explosive growth of new social media have resulted in both challenges and new opportunities for the German language in international communication. In this context, the article explores internal and external policy responses, for example, in relation to education and citizenship in Germany, and the embedding of German language campaigns in strategies promoting multilingualism; and impacts on individual linguistic practices and behaviors, such as the emergence of “multiethnolects” and online multilingualism.
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Warren, Jerry. « Psychological and Social Integration for Those Labeled Schizophrenic ». Psychological Reports 58, no 1 (février 1986) : 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.58.1.243.
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The scope and etiology of schizophrenia, the negative effects of neuroleptic treatment and involuntary hospitalization, and the lack of psychosocial rehabilitation services in the United States are noted. Self-help communes for former mental patients in Denmark and Germany are briefly described as providing a communal therapy through group meetings and daily communal life that apparently leads to psychological and social integration of individuals previously labeled schizophrenic. The development of similar communes for chronic schizophrenics is proposed for the United States.
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Seidelsohn, Kristina, Uwe Flick et Andreas Hirseland. « Refugees’ Labor Market Integration in the Context of a Polarized Public Discourse ». Qualitative Inquiry 26, no 2 (21 juin 2019) : 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800419857097.
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The public discourse on the integration of refugees into the German society and the labor market in Germany in particular is polarized. How does the transition of refugees to work can be made possible and how does it currently take place? There is little evidence, how refugees can be successfully placed on the labor market. Exemplary qualitative case studies are presented that address processes and mechanisms which facilitate or hinder effective transitions. In a tense social and political climate, the interplay between employment integration, recognition options, and the social participation of refugees as essential factors of sustainability should be considered.
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Gümüş Mantu, Pınar. « Belonging and Otherness in Postmigrant Society : Experiences of Young Women of Turkish Background in Germany ». Journal of Cultural Analysis and Social Change 8, no 2 (30 décembre 2023) : 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20897/jcasc/14069.
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The social position of women of Turkish background has often been questioned on the basis of the dominant societal perception imaging them as being isolated in the domestic sphere, oppressed by traditional, cultural, and patriarchal norms, and thus unable to integrate into the broader German society. Although the younger-generation women, born and/or raised in Germany as children of Turkish migrant workers, to a great extent actively participate in public life via education and the job market, at a discursive and social-relational level they are still often perceived and categorized as the non-German and the non-European Other. This paper takes a closer look at the gendered and racialized experiences of young women of Turkish origin by paying special attention to how othering relates to belonging in the postmigrant social context in Germany. On the basis of ethnographic field data collected via in-depth and expert interviews, it intends to engage in a critical-reflexive discussion from the perspective of a social group that has long been imagined as dwelling at the margins of society. Drawing upon recent discussions on the culturalization of migration (and integration) issues, the paper traces the current articulations of the culturalized perceptions of ‘the Turkish woman’ through the reflections of young women of Turkish origin, and discusses belonging in light of their experiences of exclusion and otherness. Taking a critical approach to studying the concept of integration as a discursive historical process, the paper suggests that the self-positionings of the research participants have been substantially affected by the mainstream integration-centered discourse and its interfaces with othering. However, young women’s active and subversive ways of dealing with these exclusionary discourses and practices point to a rather critical view of belonging, articulated through a stated consciousness of the past and present context, and claims for recognition in postmigrant Germany.
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Watarai, Tomoko. « Integration through activation ? » Journal of Comparative Social Work 7, no 2 (1 octobre 2012) : 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v7i2.87.
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This paper addresses the question of how the activating welfare state carries out the paradoxical agenda of “help for self-help” in practice. Applying Niklas Luhmann’s concept of “inclusion” to local strategies of activating, i.e. “integrating” migrants in Munich, Germany, I articulate the following: the activation of individuals is fundamentally an excessive task for social intervention. Inevitably, it encounters a considerable amount of uncertainty, which is not controllable by social or external measures. Attempts to eliminate all uncontrollable elements are empirically unattainable, whether imposing coercive punishment or making use of an entire engagement of volunteers. To the contrary, social systems depend on whether they can develop mechanisms to maintain room for uncontrollability in their communication. Social workers play a mediating role in this constellation by enhancing the sensitivity of organizations, thus opening them up for multiple inclusions instead of a unified, normative integration.
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Eltges, Markus, et Wendelin Strubelt. « Migration – Germany’s past and present. Thoughts and figures ». European Spatial Research and Policy 26, no 2 (31 décembre 2019) : 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.26.2.02.
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In this article, the history of emigration from Germany and the immigration to Germany especially in relation to its changing borders in the 20th century is discussed. After 1945 Germany was confronted with the integration of a million German refugees. Starting in the 1950s, Germany intentionally attracted foreign workers, and integrated them fairly well. The article analyses the current discussions in Germany in relation to the impact of massive immigration of refugees from non-European areas around 2015. It concludes with a position that in the time of globalisation migration needs a society-focussed and political learning process which has not yet ended and will require more learning. But countries with a declining population are well advised to see immigration as an opportunity for future growth and social diversity.
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Pricopi, Marius. « Germany’s Military Importance for the European Union ». International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 25, no 1 (1 juin 2019) : 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2019-0021.
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Abstract Although a founding member of the European Union, Germany has been rather reluctant to assume a pre-eminent leadership role in the European military integration process, choosing to focus more on social and economic affairs. But following Brexit, Germany might be also called upon to act as an integration “engine” in the defence area. Using the case study method and the analysis of social documents, we argue that Germany’s high level of military integration allows this state to assume, alongside France, a leading role in the defence pursuits of the European Union.
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Kruke, Anja. « Western Integration vs. Reunification ? Analyzing the Polls of the 1950s ». German Politics and Society 25, no 2 (1 juin 2007) : 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2007.250204.
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From the beginning of the West German state, a lot of public opinion polling was done on the German question. The findings have been scrutinized carefully from the 1950s onward, but polls have always been taken at face value, as a mirror of society. In this analysis, polls are treated rather as an observation technique of empirical social research that composes a certain image of society and its public opinion. The entanglement of domestic and international politics is analyzed with respect to the use of surveys that were done around the two topics of Western integration and reunification that pinpoint the “functional entanglement” of domestic and international politics. The net of polling questions spun around these two terms constituted a complex setting for political actors. During the 1950s, surveys probed and ranked the fears and anxieties that characterized West Germans and helped to construct a certain kind of atmosphere that can be described as “Cold War angst.” These findings were taken as the basis for dealing with the dilemma of Germany caught between reunification and Western integration. The data and interpretations were converted into “security” as the overarching frame for international and domestic politics by the conservative government that lasted until the early 1960s.
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Hartsch, Florian, Julia Kemmerer, Eric R. Labelle, Dirk Jaeger et Thilo Wagner. « Integration of Harvester Production Data in German Wood Supply Chains : Legal, Social and Economic Requirements ». Forests 12, no 4 (9 avril 2021) : 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040460.
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Digitalization and its associated technology are shaping the world economy and society. Data collection, data exchange, and connection throughout the wood supply chain have become increasingly important. There exist many technologies for the implementation of Industry 4.0 applications in forestry. For example, the integration of harvester production data throughout the wood supply chain seems to have strong optimization potential but it is faced with several challenges due to the high number of stakeholders involved. Therefore, the objective of this article is to analyze the legal, social, and economic conditions surrounding the integration of harvester production data integration in Germany. For analysis of the legal and economic conditions, a narrative literature analysis was performed with special consideration of the relevant German and European legal references. For determination of the social conditions, a qualitative content analysis of 27 expert interviews was performed. Results showed that legal ownership of harvester production data cannot be clearly defined in Germany, but there exist several protection rights against misuse, which can define an ownership-similar data sovereignty. Furthermore, harvester data use can be restricted in the case where personal data are traceable, based on European data protection law. From a social perspective, the stakeholders interviewed in the study had different opinions on data ownership. Stakeholders require specific criteria on the data (interfaces) and other factors for the acceptance of new structures to allow successful harvester data integration. From an economic perspective, harvester production data are tradeable through varying transaction forms but, generally, there is no accepted and valid formula in existence for calculating the value or price of harvester data. Therefore, the authors advise discussing these issues with key stakeholders to negotiate and agree on data ownership and use in order to find a suitable solution to realize optimization potentials in the German wood supply chain.
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Veit-Brause, Irmline. « Local and National Elites in the German Empire : The Case of the Württemberg Varnbülers ». German Politics and Society 19, no 3 (1 septembre 2001) : 34–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503001782486326.
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The formation of a national elite in Germany during the period before and after political unification, 1871, is still a largely unexplored topic in German social history. The Prussocentric perspective in German historiography, which is still prevailing in much of the work done by the so-called critical history of the 1960s and 1970s, has tended to give scant consideration to the sociocultural diversity underlying and enshrined in the federal structure of the Empire. The process of national consolidation of Imperial society could profitably be studied along the center-periphery continuum of national integration. It would be interesting, in particular, to subject to closer scrutiny the notion of “preindustrial elites,” which held on to the reigns of power in Prussia-Germany at a time of such rapid social and economic change.
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Frotveit, Maryna, et Shkodych Anna. « CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF RESEARCH OF THE PROBLEMS OF ADAPTATION AND INTEGRATION OF MUSLIM FEMALE REFUGEES IN GERMANY ». Skhid, no 2(1) (30 avril 2021) : 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2021.2(1).230076.
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The article is devoted to the processes of Muslim women fleeing to Germany. In the article, the authors consider the Muslim women fleeing to Germany in conditions of increased conflict in their countries of origin as a separate type of refugees. An attempt has been made to characterize the psycho-social condition of refugee women who arrived in Germany and to determine their qualitative and quantitative characteristics. The authors paid attention to what factors affect their involvement in society. Our study has proved that refugees are a separate component of German society because they directly affect the demographic and socio-economic situation in Germany. Ensuring the stable and effective socio-economic development of Germany with the involvement of all categories of the population is directly related to the implementation of public policy. The study of the gender aspects of refugees may help to identify key issues, the solution of which will facilitate the rapid adaptation and integration of Muslim refugees in German society, and, in prospect, to actively involve them in the development of German society.The results of the study helped in the analysis of the integration and adaptation processes of Muslim refugees as a separate part of refugees. Women refugees are a more vulnerable category of refugees, so they can be easily manipulated and abused. Identifying problems during integration may help to improve mechanisms for the protection of refugees and asylum seekers.In this article, the authors focused on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the reception and adaptation of refugees, as well as the establishment of new rules to meet the basic needs of refugees in shelters, the lack of which is unsanitary norms and the impossibility of distancing. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the decision-making process and refugee reception procedures, so the analysis of the challenges points to weaknesses in human rights mechanisms for refugees.
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Mitrofanova, O. « Experience and Peculiarities of Reconciliation of Contradictions between Germany and France ». Problems of World History, no 15 (14 septembre 2021) : 106–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2021-15-5.
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The article is devoted to the study of the experience and peculiarities of reconciliation of contradictions between Germany and France. The positions of the Presidents of France and Chancellors of the Federal Republic of Germany regarding the theoretical foundations and practical steps of the implementation of French-German reconciliation are studied. This paper deals with the problem of Alsace-Lorraine, a region with a border identity, which repeatedly became the cause of Franco-German disputes and passed from one state to another. The role of the individual in overcoming the contradictions between Germany and France is highlighted. The factor of European integration is considered, which not only contributed to the reconciliation of contradictions between Germany and France, but also turned the two states into leaders of a united Europe.
The Elysee Treaty and its implementation were analyzed. The military cooperation between France and Germany is investigated. The problem of historical memory and the desire to reconcile the contradictions between Germany and France are revealed.
It is proved that the experience and peculiarities of reconciliation of contradictions between Germany and France testify to the fact that the real reconciliation of the two leading states directed their efforts towards a more global goal – the creation of a common Europe. It was concluded that the mechanisms for achieving Franco-German reconciliation are interesting for studying and borrowing, taking into account national characteristics in the reconciliation of other European countries, and regions with borderline identities. The French-German experience may be useful for application in Polish-Ukrainian relations.
The main conclusion from the analysis of the experience and the peculiarities of reconciling the contradictions between Germany and France is that their implementation led to unexpected and far-reaching consequences that once seemed just a dream. At the beginning of European integration in the 50s of the twentieth century, it was difficult to imagine the contemporary EU with its common currency, the Schengen area, developed economy, social programs. Franco-German reconciliation was transformed into the fruitful work of the Franco-German tandem, on the success of which depends not only the future of France and Germany, but the evolution of the entire united Europe.
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Stollfuß, Sven. « Is This Social TV 3.0 ? OnFunkand Social Media Policy in German Public Post-television Content Production ». Television & ; New Media 20, no 5 (15 février 2018) : 509–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476418755514.
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This article investigates how social media affects German public television. Due to recent dynamics in the field of social TV, notions of social TV as basically “tweeting while watching TV,” or as an “additional function” of television, need to be revised. As an addition to existing ideas of “Social TV 1.0” and “Social TV 2.0” and other characterizations, I refer here to “Social TV 3.0.” Current social TV features need to be characterized in the light of a “network of content” that combines the “media logic of television” and the “logic of social media” by means of their dynamic, flexible, and horizontal integration into the “matrix-media strategy” of TV executives impelled by a social media policy. By taking the content network funk (“a consortium of public broadcasters” [ARD] and “Second German Television” [ZDF]) as a prime example of social TV 3.0 in Germany, I analyze the merging of television and social media.
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Gundert, Stefanie, et Christian Hohendanner. « Active Labour Market Policies and Social Integration in Germany : Do ‘One-Euro-Jobs’ Improve Individuals’ Sense of Social Integration ? » European Sociological Review 31, no 6 (18 août 2015) : 780–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcv076.
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Will, Gisela, et Christoph Homuth. « Education of Refugee Adolescents at the End of Secondary School : The Role of Educational Policies, Individual and Family Resources ». Soziale Welt 71, no 1-2 (2020) : 160–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0038-6073-2020-1-2-160.
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In the recent wave of refugee immigration to Germany, many children and adolescents were among the migrants. Their integration into the German educational system will be a major challenge for the years and decades to come. The paper’s aim is to examine both general and refugee-specific mechanisms that likely explain ethnic and social inequality in education among refugee adolescents. The study is based on ReGES (Refugees in the German Educational System) data collected in five German federal states. Our results show that refugee adolescents attend lower grade levels and lower school types than the general pupil population in Germany. We further posit that established mechanisms to explain social and ethnic inequality are also applicable to refugee adolescents. Among refugee-specific aspects, we identify factors at the federal state level that influence the school placement of young refugees. Furthermore, at the individual level, post-traumatic stress disorder is associated with differences in educational achievement among refugee students.
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Milosavljević, Zoran, et Andrijana Maksimović. « Migration management : The cases of Germany and Hungary ». Serbian Journal of Management 18, no 1 (2023) : 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sjm18-40136.
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The authors of the paper deal with immigration policies, migration management, migration management policy via case study based on the example of two purposefully chosen countries which have diametrically opposite immigration policies. The aim is to see up to which extent and whether these countries are interested into integrating immigrants into their social, legal, political and cultural space, through their institutional capacities, by the means of comparative analysis of German and Hungarian immigration policies, their social, demographic and economic structure, and their cultural and security policies. By defining concepts of migration, immigration, integration, immigration policy, migration management, immigration border management, the authors precisely pinpoint the differences, and the causes of those differences, in the policies towards migrants in these two countries.
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Dolejš, Martin, Birgit Glorius et Vladan Hruška. « Motives and barriers of migration to Saxony : the case of migrating health professionals from Czechia ». GeoScape 10, no 2 (1 décembre 2016) : 62–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geosc-2016-0006.
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Abstract The regime change in the former German Democratic Republic and its reunification with the Federal Republic of Germany at the beginning of 1990s launched significant social and economic changes which resulted i.a. in high out-migration rate and secondary also rapid demographic ageing of the populations of the states of former Eastern Germany including Saxony. As a consequence, there is a lack of health professionals in Saxon hospitals which is going to be solved by the in-migration of medical staff from abroad. The geographical location of the Federal state of Saxony predetermines representatives of Saxon hospitals to look for missing health care labour in Czechia and latest statistics demonstrate that this could be a successful way to stabilize or even increase the personnel numbers of Saxon health care providers. The aim of this article is not only to bring some basic data about the migration of Czech health professionals to Germany, but especially to focus on processes which facilitate or hinder such kind of mobility, influence the rate of success of their integration both into the work team and German society and form the prospects of their permanent stay in Germany. Ten interviews with Czech health professionals were conducted in order to fulfill these ambitions. As a result, crucial barriers and recommendations for improvements concerning the migration decision making, their integration and sustaining in the migratory destination are presented.
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Qi, Xiaoyu Emily. « The Influence of Political Motivation in Germanys Economic Development ». Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 71, no 1 (18 janvier 2024) : 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/71/20241517.
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The reasons behind the German post-World War II "Wesswunder" have been the subject of a contentious discussion for decades. This also applies to a second matter, which comes up in the discussion of the causes of the 1950s "economic miracle" in West Germany. Despite multiple policy changes, the East German economy persisted in its decline, ultimately resulting in the integration of East Germany into West Germany. The paper concludes the different development path of the East German and West German after the World War II by focus on the interaction between the factor of economic and the politics in a country and how them affect in ones economic development. The factors that influence a country's economic results outside the economic system are emphasized. Due to ideological intervention, the GDR could not integrate market factors into its planned economy. The result of not respecting economic laws and only considering political interests is economic failure, which leads to a series of negative factors such as social unrest and the regression of political reform.
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Świder, Małgorzata. « Ukraińscy uchodźcy wojenni na niemieckim rynku pracy ». Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia de Securitate 13, no 2 (2023) : 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/26578549.13.2.8.
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The Federal Republic of Germany, next to Poland, accepted the largest number of war refugees from Ukraine (over 1 million people), granting them easier access to awide range of social benefits equal to those available to people permanently residing in Germany. The aim of this policy encompasses the integration of refugees into German society and within the German labour market. It stems from the declarations of asignificant number of refugees to remain in Germany forever (approx. 27% of all refugees) or longer (12% may stay for several years), as well as Germany’s need for skilled labour. The relatively low age of refugees, their gender structure – predominance of young women, and education – 70 percent have university degrees, as well as the declared high readiness to work, may be an opportunity for the German labour market to compensate for the permanent shortages in its ageing society. The Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs assumes that in the years 2022-2026 alone, Germany will be in need of 240,000 workers able to handle high-skill jobs. To overcome the threat of losing prosperity and to maintain its potential, the German economy has been using labour forces of immigrants for years. This is why the inflow of alarge number of people in their productive age may be an opportunity for the German labour market, but only if these people are professionally active to a larger extent. This is also important for public opinion, critically observing the German government’s migration policy for years.
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Müller-Jentsch, Walther. « Seven decades of industrial relations in Germany ». Employee Relations 40, no 4 (4 juin 2018) : 634–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-01-2017-0016.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct the development of industrial relations (IR) in Germany since the end of the Second World War and discusses the current challenges posed by economic globalisation und European integration. Design/methodology/approach Combining a political economy, identifying Germany as a coordinated market economy (social market economy), and actor-centred historical institutionalism approach, outlining the formation and strategies of the main social actors within a particular institutional setting, the paper draws on the broad range of research on IR in Germany and its theoretical debates, including own research in the field. Findings The legacy of the key institutional settings in the post-war era – primarily the social market economy, co-determination at supervisory boards, works councils and sector-based non-ideological unions with their analogously organised employer counterparts, as well as the dual system of interest representation – has shaped the German IR and still underlie the bargaining processes and joint learning processes although trade unions and employers’ associations have been weakened because of loss of membership. In consequence the coverage scope of collective agreements is now somewhat reduced. Despite being declared dead many times, the “German model” of a “conflictual partnership” of capital and labour has survived many turbulent changes affecting it to the core. Originality/value The paper presents an original, theoretical informed reconstruction of the German IR and allows an understanding of the current institutional changes and challenges in the light of historical legacies. Additionally the theoretical debates on path dependence and learning processes of collectivities are enriched through its application to the German case.
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Chernysh, A. R. « Social integration of youth as a form of social protection of youth ». Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no 4 (27 novembre 2022) : 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.04.31.
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The article examines the concept of integration to achieve the process of inclusion of youth in the development of civil society, taking into account the socio-cultural context, taking into account the historical patterns of the country's development. Current legislation in the field of social protection of youth, in the field of employment, provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine regarding the legal regulation of the process of labor integration of youth are analyzed. The works of theorists of labor law and social security law O.M. Yaroshenka, Yu.M. Shchotova, P.M. Rossokhatskgo, T.A. Kolyady were studied. etc. on the subject of the problems of youth implementation of the right to work, as a guarantee of the development of spiritual, creative potential and economic independence. The article draws attention to the problems and obstacles faced by young people in the process of realizing their labor rights. Emphasis is placed on the importance of professional training that a young person can undergo to increase their competitiveness in the labor market. Just as professional training is the process of acquiring or improving professional knowledge, abilities and skills by a person in accordance with his vocation and abilities, which ensures the appropriate level of professional qualification for professional activity and competitiveness in the labor market. The experience of such highly developed countries as Great Britain, Germany, Japan, France, and the USA was studied. Measures taken by countries to limit youth unemployment are noteworthy. The example of Bulgaria is given, where the practice of developing age-differentiated employment programs for young people is widespread; Germany, where there is professional selection and career guidance at an early age; the combination of professional training and production activities at the expense of specially created government funds by local authorities takes place in Denmark; encouraging employers to employ young people aged 16 to 26 in the form of reduced amounts of social contributions for them as a kind of tax benefits is actively used in France and Spain; the active practice of involving young people in six-month internships with at least the minimum wage has a positive effect on the further employment of young people in Australia. Proposals are given for the introduction of advanced foreign experience.
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van der Linden, Marcel. « The National Integration of European Working Classes (1871–1914) ». International Review of Social History 33, no 3 (décembre 1988) : 285–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085900000883x.
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SummarySeven factors that may have contributed to the national integration of the working classes in Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Russia 1871–1914 are explored: the national process of capital accumulation, the international prestige of the nation, the coming of interregional connections, compulsory education, suffrage, the role of the army, and the introduction of social insurance systems. The (provisional) results of this exploration show a clustering of integration-promoting factors in Britain, Germany and France, which is to a certain extent lacking in Italy and Russia.
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Stiller, Sabina. « Governance in Contemporary Germany : The Semisovereign State Revisited ». Canadian Journal of Political Science 40, no 2 (juin 2007) : 560–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000842390707059x.
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Governance in Contemporary Germany: The Semisovereign State Revisited, Simon Green and William E. Paterson, eds., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 338.Nearly twenty years after Katzenstein's diagnosis of the German polity as “semisovereign state,” this volume re-evaluates unified Germany in the light of the original study. It starts with a concise introduction by the editors to the original argument and to the challenges of unification to semisovereign governance. Then, eleven contributions cover Katzenstein's “policy nodes” (political parties, federalism, and parapublic institutions), developments in previously covered policy areas (economic and social policy, industrial relations, immigration, administrative reform) and two additional ones: the environment and EU integration. The volume is concluded by Katzenstein himself, arguing that despite many political and socio-economic changes, semisovereignty still reigns in Germany.
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Brunold, Andreas. « Sustainability in the German School System : Inclusion of Minorities into the Teacher Education Workforce ». Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education 9, no 1 (1 juin 2018) : 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/dcse-2018-0007.
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Abstract There is no doubt about the necessity for the inclusion and the integration of minority groups in German school system. Although there are different recognised politics and developments within the school policy of the 16 federal states in Germany, there are also common important political issues. While heterogeneity in minority groups is emphasised, the under-representation of minority groups in the education workforce can also be recognised. Of course, this can be seen not only as a matter of social justice, but also as a question of a responsible integration-policy by the (national) state, its political system, institutions, and culture. The present study outlines the problems and chances which are connected with the practical work of teachers with a migration background for the school service in Germany. In addition, examples of good practice in aspects of networks and mentoring, information and awareness-raising are indicated.