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1
Powers, Kathleen E. « Beyond Identity : Social Relations for International Conflict and Cooperation ». The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1436885537.
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2
NATOUR, MIRAS. « Social identity conflict in Druzes living in Carmel and Golan ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/103047.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis analyzes the complexity of social identity in two groups of Druze living in separate territories in Israel: Mount Carmel in the North West of the country, and Golan heights in the North East, at the border with Syria. The two groups, belonging to the same religious minority, are different from an historical, political, and social point of view. Druze, Arab, Israeli, and Syrian identities play different roles in the two groups – hence the complexity. These different identities may be in conflict with each other. The main hypotheses are that this identity conflict is significantly different in Carmel than in the Golan; and that it may be related in different ways to psychological dimensions such as optimism, collective self-esteem, and experiences of guilt and shame.
The theoretical background of this thesis is based on three central theories: optimal distinctiveness (Brewer, 1991); social identity complexity (Roccas and Brewer, 2002); and bicultural identity integration (Benet-Martinez, 2002). The advantage of these theories is that they explain a large proportion of the complexity of social identity; however, these theories emerge in research as limited in conflictual contexts such as the Arab –Israeli conflict. The main effect in multiple identification process is the relation between oppositional and compatible social identification. As a consequence, individuals aim to construct a "third" social identity defined by the integration between both original identities: e.g. Druze/Arabic or Druze/Israeli or Druze/Syrian. This process involves values and cultural aspects. The thesis uses the above theories to explain the complexity of the "third" identity of the Druze. Furthermore, it investigates the ways in which the political conflict between Israel and Arab countries influences the "third' identity of the Druze.
In a first step the thesis reconstruct the ecological contest: the historic, economic, religious, cultural factors characterizing the two groups of Druzes. The research develop in two phases: A first explorative inquiry with interviews to key persons in Carmel and in Golan with the aim of a depth knowledge of the topic. On this basis in the second phase the research applied 7 scales to a balanced sample of 196 subjects : 102 in Golan, 94 in Carmel; 46% male, 54% female. The methodology is a mixed one – qualitative and quantitative – on the idea that the argument of thesis, with his multi faced dimensions, requires non only quantitative data but both analysis of discourses and statistics.
From the categorial content analysis of the transcription of interviews three principal groups of categories emerges: specific of Golan, specific of Carmel and common to both groups. For the Golani subjects the main topics are the separation from Syria with the consequent discontinuations, loss of Syrian culture and tradition and lack of citizenship. For the Carmeli subjects the main topics are military service law, feeling of treason and social assimilation. In addition, there are a common topics that emerge from both group as historical aspects, cultural invention economical aspect and uncertainly future.
The most important results of the quantitative research demonstrate first of all that in both groups the Druze identities remain the strongest one. In Golan emerge as salient a Druze/Syrian as third identity . In Carmel emerge with the same relevance the Druze/Arabic and Druze/Israeli identity: as consequence , in Carmel emerge more relevant conflict between these "third" identities. In addition , the results demonstrate the positive correlation between the social identity conflict and lack of optimism, sense of guilt and shame. Consequently , these psychological dimensions are more problematic in Carmel than in Golan.
The psychological well being, highlighted from the explored psychological dimensions, emerge as better in Golan even if the conditions of life are worse. In addition, the integration of Carmel Druzes in Israel underline the contradiction between economic benefits and the social identity conflict
3
Kotsovilis, Spyridon Demetrius. « Identity and ethnic conflict : their social-psychological and cognitive dimensions ». Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33294.
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This thesis looks into the role of identity in ethnic conflict from social-psychological and cognitive perspectives.The literature of Social Psychology suggests that one strategy of social groups under pressure or threat is to revert to their collective identity and manipulate it in ways that yield a distinct positive value for group members. Focusing on the main proponent of this view, Social Identity Theory, and transposing its premises onto an ethnic level, an Ethnic Identity Theory is proposed that explains ethnic identity's utility for the positive self-esteem of members of an ethnic group during a time of crisis.
As far as the cognitive aspect is concerned, the focus moves on to the individual level of analysis. It explores the issue of how information may be represented in the human brain, and proposes that it is due to particular 'exclusive' cognitive strategies of knowledge categorization, storing and re-processing that ethnic conflict is enhanced. Borrowing from Artificial Intelligence literature on Schemata and Frame theory, ethnic identity is treated as a frame with multiple slots for various traits that comprise an ethnic identity. Such modeling helps illustrate how properties related to the architecture of these mental structures result in the constructed ethnic identities becoming more rigid---their individual traits acquiring singular importance and, once challenged, affecting the whole identity.
This study concludes by pointing that, if intransigence and inflexibility concerning ethnic identity traits begins on a cognitive micro-level, then, little progress towards peace should be expected in on-going ethnic conflicts, unless cognitively unbiased third parties are involved in peace-making, and unless their involvement includes action on a cognitive-learning level to change convictions about warring groups members' perception of their own as well as others' ethnic identities.
4
Au, Yee Wei. « Identification and conflict in virtual teams : a social identity approach ». Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2379.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Globalisation and the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have extended the capabilities of organisations to alter their team based structures from traditional to virtual settings. The use of virtual teams has increased rapidly worldwide because such teams allow geographically dispersed people with common goals to perform interdependent tasks via the use of ICTs. Virtual teams may experience high levels of conflict because they work across organisational, geographical, cultural and time boundaries. The identification of individual members with their team has been linked to lower levels of conflict and an increase in behaviours that are congruent with virtual team identity. Past research has shown that the conflict-reducing effect which results from team identification is important in virtual settings. Yet there is relatively little empirical research that investigates conflict within virtual teams in terms of identification. The current research thus aims to examine how the impacts of the development of identity influence the emergence and resolution of conflict within virtual teams. It examines first the process and determinants of identification in the teams and secondly, the effect of self-enhancement strategies on virtual team members’ inter-group and conflict handling behaviour. A combination of a critical view on Social Identity Theory (SIT) and a qualitative case study methodology was utilised in comprehending the cognitive processes of identification, its sources of motivation, and employees’ inter-group relations within virtual teams. An empirical study of seven virtual teams drawn from four companies was undertaken. This study extends SIT into virtual settings. It suggests that examining identification processes in virtual teams provides an understanding of the inter-group relations in such teams. The findings reveal that employees’ intrinsic needs drive their identification with a particular virtual team and the fulfilment of such needs is influenced by the team’s contextual and situational factors. Additionally, the identification processes have an impact on the team members’ inter-group and conflict handling behaviour. This study contributes to SIT by drawing attention to directions for growth of contextual and longitudinal dimensions in research which examines the identification process and conflict of virtual teams.
5
Marevesa, Tobias. « Social identity complexity and conflict-resolution in Luke and Zimbabwe ». Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75261.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study uses social identity complexity theory to investigate complexity of identity in Luke with focus on Luke 15 to determine how Luke solved social conflict. The discussion from Luke is used as analogical or comparative discussion to solve complexity of identity in Zimbabwe that has led to political violence and economic stagnation and the conflict-resolution in Acts 15 and the Global Political Agreement in Zimbabwe. It is the purpose of this research to identify the overlap and complexity identities within the early Christianities especially in Luke’s community and to make a possible reconstruction of new identity formation within the context of Zimbabwe using kerygmatic strategies of conflict-resolution of the first century church in Acts 15. The social identity complexity as a theoretical framework of this research helped to shed light on the conflict in Luke’s community and to analyse data. Acts 15 has been taken as a case study to give some insights in the conflict in the Jerusalem Council (Acts 15) on how social identity complexity helped in bringing in reconciliation to characters such as Peter and Paul. The factors that provoked conflict in the first century church of the Jerusalem Council has been explored. The research argues that there are kerygmatic strategies of conflict-resolution of the first century church in Acts 15, which can be read alongside the Zimbabwean political situation. The study establishes that there is need to bring warring parties on the negotiating table where issues pertaining to careful debate, willingness to compromise, respect for others, and giving up one’s interest are emphasised whenever there is a political or social impasse.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
New Testament Studies
PhD
Unrestricted
6
Bukowski, Jeffrey. « Unseen Identity : ». ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2008. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/35.
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While capitalism is thought by many to enable male homosexual identity to emerge, this same economic system creates a class hierarchy that promotes a heteronormative worldview, which marks homosexual men as the outcasts of society. In England during the years leading up to the First World War, a man’s character and persona were determined by his social class position. As a result homosexual men of the upper class, who held power, respectability, and masculine virtues in society, used class to mask their sexuality. In this sense the upper-class position enabled men to portray a public identity that abided by the constraints of heteronormativity despite their homosexual desire, which remained suppressed for fear of losing their power within society. Even when homosexual men displayed effeminate traits that opposed masculine ideals, the upper-class position worked to reinforce their heteronormativity, showing the power of capitalism’s class system to infiltrate and influence a man’s identity. E. M. Forster’s Maurice and A. T. Fitzroy’s Despised and Rejected provide two examples of how the upper-class position worked to mask the recognition of male homosexuality by society in early twentieth–century England. Written in 1913, but not published until after Forster’s death in 1971, Maurice has become a canonical text in the gay literary tradition. Through depictions of male intraclass and cross-class relationships, this novel suggests that class position worked to maintain a public heteronormative identity where stepping outside of strict class boundaries could disrupt the very thing which enabled one to keep one’s power. While the posthumous publication of Maurice complicates its place as a representation of homosexual identity and British society at the time, A. T. Fitzroy’s Despised and Rejected gives a clearer picture of both through its focus on homosexuality and pacifism. Through this investigation of homosexuality and pacifism, Fitzroy acknowledges a connection between male sexual identity and a refusal to go to war. While this failure to participate in militarism indicates a man’s opposition to heteronormativity, particularly normative masculinity, the upper-class position redirects this difference away from homosexual identity and onto effeminacy. This effeminacy does not indicate homosexual identity, but rather a failure to embody masculine ideals of the time. Ultimately, both novels portray the power of the upper-class position to define identity by supporting heteronormativity and masking homosexuality.
7
Senholzi, Keith B. Searing Donald. « Conflict in Northern Ireland through the lens of social identity theory and social dominance theory / ». Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2012.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Feb. 17, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science, Concentration TransAtlantic Studies." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science. UNC-Chapel Hill copy lacks abstract.
8
Gallagher, A. M. « Social identity and ideology in intergroup conflict : the case of Northern Ireland ». Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.232801.
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Schmid, Katharina. « Political conflict, threat and psychological well-being : the role of social identity ». Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437577.
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Fox-Howard, Y. « Conflict Resolution : A study of identity, social/economic exclusion, islamophobia and racism ». Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504401.
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This Ph. D. thesis seeks to develop the field of knowledge regarding Muslims, Conflict, and Conflict Resolution. It represents new scholarship within an under-researched field. Methodology utilises extensive fieldwork interviews undertaken within the London Borough of Newham, together with other primary and secondary sources of information. Aspects of informal and formal conflict resolution are addressed, with a focus on `cultural sensitivity' and the concept of impartiality. Social/economic exclusion is examined within the context of urban regeneration, institutional racism and Islamophobia. Factors related to interpersonal communication and employer perceptions of Muslim `Black and Asian' people as `culturally' dissimilar are analysed - in connection with employment discrimination, and access to public service provision in Newham. The transmission and impact of public opinion is explored, in association with local media input, and the manifestations of racism in the neighbourhood. The perceptions of different parties towards the concept that "Islam is `oppressive' towards women" is examined in detail. Aspects of group dynamics and interpersonal communication are discussed within the framework of `becoming local', and the implications for refugee and/or underclass Muslim migrants. The thesis draws recommendations for the management of dysfunctional conflict in Newham, and suggestions are provided for policy action relevant to the reduction of Muslim social/economic exclusion, within the context of urban regeneration in Newham.
11
Stone, Asako Brook. « Impacts of social identity, image misperceptions, and uncertainty in China-Japan conflict : political-psychological analyses ». Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2006/a%5Fstone%5F050906.pdf.
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Robbin, Alice. « Administrative policy as symbol system : Political conflict and the social construction of identity ». Sage Publications, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106283.
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Standards for Maintaining, Collecting, and Presenting Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity, formerly known as Statistical Policy Directive 15, is a classification system that governs the U.S. government's collection and presentation of data on race and ethnicity. The directive
underwent a public evaluation between 1993 and 1997 to determine whether the racial and ethnic group categories should be revised. This article links theories of the role of the state in the social order and the social construction of identity to explain how conflictual political processes modify administrative policy. Two narratives on the debates over the reclassification of "Native Hawaiians" and the addition of a "multiracial" category illustrate recent political conflicts over group identities established by state agencies. The author argues that the main explanation for administrative policy changes was the responsiveness of state agencies to political demands of significantly mobilized groups with claims to state resources.
13
Kelman, Peter Gerald. « Protesting the national identity the cultures of protest in 1960s Japan / ». Connect to full text, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2443.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2001.Title from title screen (viewed 27 May 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Arts. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
14
Sanagan, Mark. « The social construction of militancy in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict : masculinity, femininity and the nation ». Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99597.
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This thesis examines nationalism and colonialism in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and asks the questions: What is the relationship between these ideologies and "national narratives" constructed of collective historical memory? How do these ideologies produce recognizable, sexualized, national bodies? What are the defining characteristics of these national bodies and how do they perform roles from the national narratives? These questions are addressed through a discussion of the role of masculinity in modern Zionism and the state of Israel, in particular how it relates to the land of Palestine and the Palestinian "other". This thesis also addresses anti-colonial resistance movements in Palestine and argues that performative nationalism produces a fetishized commodity that can me labeled "militancy". This militancy is found institutionalized in the popular culture of everything from poetry to political posters. Finally, Palestinian female suicide bombers, like women nationalists before them, do little to challenge how specific nationalist acts of resistance are defined by patriarchal nationalists and sexualized within a "gendered space of militancy".
15
Perera, Sanjeevani Ranjana. « An exploration of moral judgement with social identity in a developing world ethno-social conflict case study ». Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548792.
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Leech, Jessica F. « Strangers within our midst ? : panhandling, identity and community conflict in Canada ». Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29514.
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Across Canada, municipalities have been struggling to alleviate the poverty of increasing numbers of homeless people and panhandlers on city streets. Simultaneously, tensions have risen between these street people and the general public. This thesis is a narrative study of the current conflict between panhandlers and other community stakeholders in Calgary, Alberta. This study presents the diverse viewpoints and voices of people who panhandle, homeless people, the general public, the downtown business community, social service providers, city bureaucrats and police officers. This study examines how identity politics and broader social ideologies shape face-to-face street encounters and influence debates over public policy at an institutional level. The relationship between panhandlers and the public is typically one marked by social distance. The current approach to panhandlers involves treating them as "strangers within our midst." This approach undermines their citizenship and heightens tensions within the community more so than would an approach that emphasizes their commonality with the larger society and their rights within civic space.
17
Adeney-Risakotta, Farsijana. « Politics, ritual and identity in Indonesia : a Moluccan history of religion and social conflict / ». Yogyakarta : Farsijana Adeney-Risakotta, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40121498z.
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Vlavonou, Sohe Loïc Elysée Gino. « Understanding Autochthony-Related Conflict : Discursive and Social Practices of the Vrai Centrafricain ». Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41154.
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During the latest armed conflict in the Central African Republic (CAR) from 2013 to the present, narratives emerged regarding who was an autochthon and who was not, pitting “true Central Africans” against “foreigners”, Christians against Muslims. This new cycle of violence is embedded in a long history of political violence in the CAR. Still, the claim of one group being more autochthon than another has not been a prominent feature of previous conflicts, neither has fighting in the past formed so clearly along religious identities. Being a Son of the Soil, an autochthon, evokes an image that denies CAR’s history of migration of social groups and reify fixity, and such conflicts have also been present in other parts of Africa, as well as in Europe and Asia.
To date, most literature seeking to understand autochthony-related armed conflict has been dominated by elite-centric analysis that highlight the mobilization of autochthony as a strategy to retain power in cases of political liberalization or democratization (Cameroon, Kenya or Côte d’Ivoire). When not elite-centric, analyses of autochthony-related conflict have emphasized land, access to land issues or crudely predatory logics of vigilante groups on the local level (Côte d’Ivoire or the DRC). In CAR, neither political liberalization, nor land issues alone were prominent, but autochthony was a strategy as witnessed in other African cases of autochthony-related armed conflicts. In that sense, this research asks how and why is autochthony being mobilized in the CAR politics before and after the 2013 coup? The dissertation argues that elites and ordinary citizens discursively mobilize autochthony as an identity capital across various scales. They do it to access non-land related resources, claim hierarchy, and discriminate against the other. The mobilization of autochthony is tied to longer legitimacy-seeking strategies of the elite, and autochthony is a symbolic myth that can be mobilized at various levels. The dissertation’s main theoretical contribution is to challenge the tendency to consider elites and supporters as belonging and subscribing to different discursive realm. This study has considered that autochthony links leaders and their followers in a type of pre-given conception that no longer needs explanation. This contributes to considering elites and their supporters as tied by the same discursive realm, but the concrete meaning of the discourse is different across multiple levels. To make the argument, the dissertation uses a qualitative multi-method approach predominantly centered on discourse analysis, fieldwork, interviews, and newspapers archival research.
My research shows that understanding autochthony violence requires a simultaneous analysis of how autochthony is given meaning at different levels by various actors in everyday practices from the macro to the micro. Instrumentalizing autochthony lies at the interplay of all these levels. In this work, autochthony is vague enough to connect leaders to followers and, at the same time, precise enough for listeners to make sense of the term by connecting it to their daily experience of it. The long-term existence of the autochthony discourse allows it to change and morph at times of heightened crisis. It does not emerge overnight, but it has a longer genealogy that must be understood in context. That is, it is not simply because Bozizé targeted Muslim-foreigners in his speeches that people mobilized against them. Top-down manipulation might have resonated with followers but understanding of autochthony also operated independently of the top-down manipulation. That the conflict manifested around sectarian lines fits within an autochthony framework because autochthony is an empty identity marker whose content can be filled in many ways – most frequently with reference to ethnicity, religion, language, myths of origin, or some combination of such markers.
19
Clarke, Davina. « Conflict, Clergy and Culture : A Phenomenological Study Exploring the Identities and Conflict Resolution Approaches of Jamaican Church Leaders Residing in South Florida ». Diss., NSUWorks, 2017. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/76.
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The study of conflict resolution has ballooned in the last few decades, but the literature remains sparse regarding leaders’ perspectives of navigating conflict. Currently, researchers have not addressed the conflict experiences of Jamaican church leaders residing in South Florida. Using phenomenology and social construction theory, I explored the lived experiences of this population as they addressed conflict. Twenty-two church leaders from Rhema Word Ministries International and affiliated organizations answered interview questions for an average of 45 to 60 minutes each. The data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed, yielding seven core themes: solving problems, exercising faith in God, demonstrating compassion, building personal development, employing strategies in conflict resolution, providing service to others and facing the challenging side of conflict. The findings showed that for these participants, their conflict resolution approaches were contingent on their perceptions of how others perceived them. The multilateral conflict theory that emerged from the lived experiences of the participants in the study showed the interconnectedness between the factors influencing their identities and their conflict resolution approaches. The study has merit for its useful insights for practitioners. In addition, the study has activated voices in academic literature that might otherwise have been silent.
20
Koranteng, Nana-Korantema A. « Women in the Machinery of War : Gender, Identity & ; Resistance Within Contemporary Middle Eastern Conflict ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/158.
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This thesis seeks to explore the ways in which gender and identity are imagined in times of war especially in the cases of women who participate in armed struggle within the Middle East. I focus particularly on how US and UK media's framing of these women's lives and experiences distort the ways in which we understand conflict within the contemporary Middle East. Through the case studies of female militants or supports of militancy in Palestine and the Islamic State I seek to highlight women's stories and lived realities in an attempt to understand what drives them to use particular model's of agency.
21
Verwey, Cathinca. « Social Identity Recategorization : Comparing National Reconciliation Initiatives in Burundi and Rwanda ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-453720.
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After the cessation of violent conflict, societies have to undergo several changes to re-establish asense of harmony and repair the broken intergroup relationships. These changes can be summarized as the process of reconciliation. The different levels of reconciliation are in this thesis described as emotional-, motivational-, and structural reconciliation. I argue that the reconciliation process is facilitated by means of a recategorization of social identities. According to the Common ingroup identity Model, a shared identity will increase positive intergroup dynamics and reduce hostility and antagonism. This study has sought to find evidence for the suggested hypotheses through a structured focused comparison on the post-conflict countries, Rwanda and Burundi. The theorized relationship has found some support, as the post-conflict reconciliation processes of the case-studies showed the expected variation, and for one hypothesis the expected mechanism. However, the findings show that social identity recategorization on its own cannot account for all the variation in outcomes, and another possible mechanism has been detected. This warrants future research into the topic.
22
WANG, Liyan. « Effects of goal interdependence and social identity on departments and their relationships in China ». Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2005. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/mgt_etd/20.
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Synergy among departments is increasingly considered vital for organizations to use their full resources to deal with threats and explore opportunities in the rapidly changing marketplace. Although valuable, developing synergy among departments is a difficult management challenge.
Departments within organizations often have their own business goals, yet the coordination of these goals is a precondition for overall organizational effectiveness. The need for goal coordination makes departments interdependent (Thompson, 1967), but this interdependence may become particularly problematic when the different departmental goals are incompatible (St. John & Hall, 1991).
Because of the value of cooperative goals for coordination, managers want to understand the conditions that lead people to believe their interests are basically positively associated in an organizational setting. In this study, we explore what factors increase the likelihood of having broad role identities, in which employees not only care for the goals characteristic of their own department, but also for goals of other departments.
This gives rise to the question of not whether, but under what circumstances, departments develop organizational cohesion. That is the key question that must be approached by theories of intergroup relations in order to successfully understand the dynamics of interdepartmental coordination, cooperation, and conjunction. In this study, we propose that the degree to which people have concern for the organizational goals is partly rooted in interdepartmental goal interdependence.
This study assumes that high departmental and interdepartmental effectiveness will be promoted by constructive cooperation between departments within organizations. In doing so, we connect the theory of cooperation and competition and social identity theory to test what interdepartmental structures will improve organizational effectiveness. Accordingly, we consider a congregation of structures by which coordination between departments can be managed.
The study suggests that interdepartmental relationships are influenced or determined by contextual structures, especially task interdependence, shared rewards, and interdepartmental groups, operating first upon goal interdependence and social identity, with the effects on the interdepartmental coordination as subsequent outcomes.
In practice, if each group were producing its own product or service, there might be little need for significant intergroup coordination. In most cases, however, identifiable groups in organizations are producing only a segment of the organization’s product or service. Coordination between such groups is a necessity. As professional firms that provide multiple services are well suited to exploring interdepartmental relationships (Tomasic, 1991; Eccles and Crane, 1988), this study collected the questionnaires from financial companies in mainland China.
As a result, we found that three factors promoted effective interdepartmental coordination and thus high organizational performance. First, coordination will be more effective if there are compatible or cooperative goals between departments. Second, coordination will be more effective if the departments are addressed and rewarded on over-all performance measures embracing the activities of the several departments. Third, interdepartmental coordination will be more effectively achieved and over-all organizational performance will be higher to the extent that departments have salient organizational identities rather than departmental identities.
This research has both theoretical and practical contributions. Theoretically, this study provides a test of whether interdepartmental structures promote synergy in financial companies in China. This study adds to research on cooperation and competition by identifying the interdepartmental structures as important antecedents to goal interdependence. This study adds to research on social identities by identifying the interdepartmental structures such as motivational and affective antecedents to organizational identities. This study also adds to research on intergroup relationships by developing the model to enhance the coordination relations among formal departments in organizations.
Practically, this study has implications for developing interdepartmental relationships in the company, especially in those financial companies in mainland China; this study also provides empirical evidence of the utility of the interdepartmental structures and suggests that cooperative goals and organizational identity mediate their effects on organizational effectiveness.
23
Mwiandi, Sheila Gakii. « Exploration into the Reinvention of Somali Identity and Social Structure in Kenya ». Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1176954033.
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Hamidi, Abd Abad Marthe Hiev. « ‘Traitors, Snitches, Collaborators’ : Analysing In-Group Criticism Towards Peace Organisations in Intractable Conflict ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385722.
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Identity serves two functions: it orders our environment, and it gives us a sense of certainty. The role played by identity in the intractability of conflict has recently sparked a new line of research. Drawing on insights from social psychological research, I argue that intractable conflict circumstances bolster social identities and create rigid group norms, which affect the vulnerability of peace movement organizations that operate in this context. I hypothesize that peace organizations that disregard prominent group beliefs regarding the conflict, are more likely to be severely criticized at the collective level. For the empirical analysis, I turn to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, a typical case of on-going intractable conflict. I compare the results of a qualitative content analysis of expressions of in-group criticism towards local Israeli peace organisations in local media reporting, within the framework of group beliefs (2005-2018). The results indicate an overall trend of in-group criticism towards peace organisations in Israel, based on which suggestions for advances to the theory are made.
25
Shrestha, Lisha. « Dialogue in Identity-Based Conflict (Study of Intergroup-Dialogue with University Students) ». PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2012.
Texte intégralRésumé :
An individual's struggle with "self," which consists of personal identity and social identity, can create both intra- and interpersonal conflict. In this study, I explored how such struggles inform identity-based conflict and how such conflicts are addressed by intergroup dialogue. A dialogue was conducted with University students, consisting of discussions about participants' struggles with "self" and social identity. These conversations were analyzed using a mixed methods and content analysis approach. The study revealed that identities such as gender play significant roles in creating conflict within "self" and with others. National origin, race, and ethnicity also affect personal identity; however, these identities have greater influence on participants' relationships with others. Four different stages of dialogue were crucial in determining changes in the perceptions of participants. It was learned that dialogue helped participants to give new meaning to their identities. Individual "self"--personal identity--defines each person's ability to understand others, not the social identity. Participants reported their level of trust, openness, and willingness to engage with people not from their own identity group increased and improved because of their participation in the dialogue. Therefore, dialogue can be a valuable tool to understand and transform identity-based conflicts.
26
Kriel, Hennie. « Conflict transformation in South Africa : the impact of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission on social identity transformation ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1760.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (MPhil (Political Science))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.For a long time, conflict studies have focussed on the grand national projects of negotiating peace, concluded by the major actors in the country, like political parties, as well as international mediating actors like the UN. This view on solving conflict as a set top-down process were in recent years challenged by new theories on how to solve conflict. The conflict settlement theory had to make ideological and practical space for others like conflict resolution and conflict transformation, in the broader arena of conflict management. In the last 3 decades, conflict transformation has grown into a formidable tool in explaining conflict and moves toward peace-building. The fact that so many countries had collapsed back into civil war after their settlements, surely has something to say about the lack of longevity of some countries’ conflict settlement or conflict resolution approaches. This is why conflict transformation is such an attractive approach, especially in the case of South Africa. The political settlement of the early 1990s, that lead to an official peace, were also backed up by policies and programs to deal with the underlying causes and grievances that caused the conflict. The TRC was one aspect on post-1994 peace-building and enduring conflict transformation. The importance of the TRC as a transformative vehicle has been highlighted by the fact that so many institutions and individuals have made work of it to study the impact of the TRC on social transformation in the post-war era. Although many surveys indicate that South Africans have come to deal with the past to varying degrees and are seeing the various groups in the country as intertwined with the future of the country, there are still many worrying aspects that have to be addressed: interracial understanding and trust, and tolerance for one’s former enemies. The TRC has done much to build bridges between the formerly segregated groups of South Africa and the aim of this paper is to shed some light on these changes in attitudes.
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Kriel, Hennie. « Conflict transformation in South Africa : the impact of the Truth & ; Reconciliation Commission on social identity transformation / ». Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/660.
Texte intégral
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Yak, John Maluk. « Identity-Based Cultural Paradigms, Trauma, and Interethnic Conflict in South Sudan ». ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3077.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In 2011, South Sudan became independent through the agreement and implementation of the comprehensive peace agreement (CPA). However, interethnic conflict also escalated. This cycle of violence impacts the psychological and physical health of local society. When violence between ethnic groups escalates, civilians may be forced to flee their homes. This study employed a phenomenological research approach that examined the views and experiences of the recruited 13 members from the state of Jonglei; 5 members of the Dinka, 3 members of the Murle, and 5 members of the Nuer ethnic groups residing in the United States. In an attempt to understand the root causes of the conflict between ethnic groups, this research used a qualitative study plan that examined interethnic politics, perceptions, and beliefs among South Sudanese ethnic groups: Dinka, Murle, and Nuer. In addition, this study examined the presence of armed ethnic groups, the use of guns, and the relationship between trauma caused by past exposure or experience of violence and subsequent interethnic groups conflict. Data were analyzed with descriptive and patterned coding. The 5 identified themes from analysis of the collected data were: roles of ethnic identity, lack of trust in the system of the distribution of resources, roles of ethnic politicians, uncontrollable use of guns and defense of ethnic territory. In addition, the past war incidents between ethnic groups have a negative impact on the present relationship. The findings of this research may create positive social change for ethnic groups and for communities who may use it as an opportunity to understand their own problems and to establish an ethnic advocacy type of conflict resolution in South Sudan.
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Zeno, Basil. « Nationalism, Identity, Social Media and Dominant Discourses in Post-Uprising Syria ». Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1439414162.
Texte intégral
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Mack, Abdul. « Identity Reconciliation : Understanding the Relationship between the Pursuit of the Ideal-Self and Intrapersonal Conflict ». Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/89.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cognitive responses to identity crisis can influence inner harmony, behavior, and decision making while negatively affecting interpersonal relationships. The emotions associated with identity crisis establish the conditions that lead to various forms of conflict. Identity-related conflicts are often intractable and characterized by high levels of stalemates, counterproductive responses, posturing, or one-sided resolution expectations. Furthermore, the onset of dual conflicts brought about by competing internal and external demands has a deleterious impact on conflict strategies and resolution attempts. The purpose of this study was to explored the relationship between the pursuit of the ideal self and intrapersonal conflict as a means to further the understanding of the role identity in conflict. The researcher utilized a mixed-method approach to determine associations between variables. During the quantitative phase of the study, a Pearson’s bivariate correlation was used to establish statistical significance. Research results reveal a strong significant negative correlation between the pursuit of the Ideal Self. A Transcendental Phenomenological inquiry was conducted to explore the essence of the participant’s experience. Participants described the phenomenon as an unachievable, continuous, and emotional maturation process that fosters reflection, restraint, and inner peace. Additionally, the qualitative phase of the study revealed a connection between the pursuit of the ideal-self and an individual’s conflict management style.
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Westberg, Anja. « Media Portrayals of the Russian-Chechen Conflict. Representations of Political Violence and Identity - a Discourse Analysis ». Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21108.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka diskurser om interna och ”etniska” konflikter som återfinns i representationer av den rysk-tjetjenska konflikten i media. Med diskursanalys som metod analyseras nyhetsrapportering av de två post-sovjetiska krigen i Tjetjenien mellan 1995 och 2009. Uppsatsens teoretiska utgångspunkt baseras på studier av statsvetaren Michael Evangelista (2002) samt antropologerna Valery Tishkov (2004) och Jakob Rigi (2007). Det empiriska materialet består framförallt av ett urval artiklar publicerade av CNN samt två svenska dagstidningar, Dagens Nyheter och Svenska Dagbladet. Uppsatsen argumenterar för att detta material tenderar att presentera en förenklad bild av konfliktens parter. De väpnade motattackerna mot de ryska trupperna porträtteras som ett kollektivt motstånd från en enad etnisk grupp med gemensamma mål, en bild som ofta står i kontrast till berättelser från ”marken”. Representationer av tjetjener varierar mellan bilden av ”rebeller” och ”offer”, men gruppen beskrivs uteslutande som en etnisk grupp som historiskt har bestått som kulturellt skilda från resten av den ryska befolkningen. Dessa skildringar bidrar till att tjetjeners strävan efter självständighet tolkas som den främsta förklaringen till krigen, vilket tonar ner de tjetjenska ledarnas roll i konflikten. Uppsatsen menar att nyhetsrapporteringen ger uttryck för mer dominanta diskurser om identitetsskapande och krig vilka formar historieberättandet i media. Uppsatsen argumenterar för att diskurser som produceras under väpnade konflikter inte ska tolkas som bevis för till synes naturliga skillnader och antagonism mellan olika grupper.The thesis aims to examine discourses about internal and “ethnic” violent conflicts as seen in media representations of the Russian-Chechen conflict. Employing the method of discourse analysis, the study analyses news coverage of the two post-Soviet wars in Chechnya between 1995 and 2009. The theoretical approach is supported by the work of political scientist Michael Evangelista (2002) as well as anthropologists Valery Tishkov (2004) and Jakob Rigi (2007). The empirical material consists primarily of a selection of articles published by CNN and two Swedish dailies; Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet. The thesis argues that this material tends to rely on a rather simplistic portrayal of the parties in the conflict. Violent responses to the Russian troops are frequently represented as a “collective resistance” from a unified group with shared aspirations, an image which stand in contrast to stories from the ground. Representations of Chechens varies between the image of “rebels” and “victims”, but this group is exclusively portrayed as an ethnic group which historically has persisted as culturally different from the rest of the population in Russia. Such images contribute to portray Chechens’ drive for independence as the primary cause for the wars, which in turn downplays the role of Chechen leaders throughout the conflict. The thesis suggests that the news coverage is embedded in dominant discourses about identity formation and war which shape the selective process of storytelling in the media. The thesis concludes that discourses which are produced during violent conflict should not be taken as evidence for the true nature of difference and antagonism between groups.
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Scobie, Willow Carleton University Dissertation Sociology and Anthropology. « Disciplining the workshay ? Social policy constructs the policy subject ». Ottawa, 2000.
Trouver le texte intégral
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Parker, Amy R. « Conflict Resolution Behaviors and the Affect of Identity Standards and Empowerment Needs on Individuals Using External Augmentative and Alternative Communication Devices ». Diss., NSUWorks, 2016. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/39.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Individuals with communication impairments (CI) are at a distinct disadvantage when attempting to interact through more traditional conversational means. Although their intentions may be similar to peers, physical limitations make verbal articulation of thoughts and feelings a more laborious undertaking. For some, the use of external augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) has offered an otherwise unavailable communicative opportunity. However, this type of communication requires more of the non-AAC using conversation partner and, unlike traditional forms of communication, may increase the likelihood of miscommunication. Although there is agreement as to the importance of understanding the experience of individuals using external AAC, there is limited research in the area of miscommunication, conflict, and conflict resolution. This phenomenological study explored the experiences of six individuals who use external AAC devices. The purpose of this study was to address the following research questions:1) What are the conflict behaviors, beliefs, values, or thoughts of individuals using external AAC devices? 2) Does miscommunication between AAC and non-AAC users contribute to conflict? 3) Do identity standards and empowerment needs contribute to the development of conflict? and 4) For those using external AAC devices, what is the impact of, and what do successful resolutions mean? This study finds similarities in the interpersonal conflict experience of external AAC users and non-users. However there were differences in their experience with larger societal-level conflict. Understanding these areas of similarity and difference is beneficial to anyone who endeavors to support the interpersonal and societal level conflict resolution of this unique population.
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Weger, Harry Walter 1963. « Managing a romantic partner's identity in a conflict situation : Social cognitive ability and the definition of the situation ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282837.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this dissertation is to give a constructivist account of conflict message production in romantic relationships. Two main claims are advanced. First, the degree to which partners confirm each other's identity in conflict situations results from their definition of the situation. Second, those with more sophisticated systems for construing others have more integrated and more usable situational definitions. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis reveled main effects for cognitive complexity and perceived resistance in predicting the level of identity confirmation in complaint messages. Interactions between cognitive complexity and perceived resistance, perceived dominance, perceived severity, and attributional tendency were also significantly associated with complaint message quality. Consistent with the claim that more sophisticated social cognitions have more integrated situational definitions, those with higher levels of social cognitive development were influenced by their perception of their power in the relationship, the severity of the partner's transgression, and the degree to which they tend to attribute a partner's dissatisfying behaviors to negative intentions, while only the perception of resistance predicted the identity confirming quality of the less cognitively complex participants' messages.
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Yazan, Bedrettin. « Sectarian Conflict And Inability To Construct A National Identity In Northern Ireland In Christina Reid ». Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609772/index.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Based on Christina Reid&rsquos five Plays &ldquo
Tea in a China Cup,&rdquo
&ldquo
Did You Hear the One About the Irishman &hellip
?,&rdquo
&ldquo
Joyriders,&rdquo
&ldquo
The Belle of the Belfast City,&rdquo
and &ldquo
My Name, Shall I Tell You My Name?&rdquo
the aim of this study is to put under discussion the idea that the sectarian conflict between the two ethno-religious communities in Northern Ireland is maintained deliberately and a national identity unique to the people in this country cannot be constructed at least in the near future. The Protestants in Northern Ireland cannot choose Irishness as a national identity because the Irishness has been monopolized by the Catholics, and cannot adopt the Britishness as a national identity because of the varieties in the social factors they have. Likewise, the Catholics in Northern Ireland do not call themselves British because their Catholicism involves an Irish identity with the rejection of the British rule, and they cannot truly entitle themselves Irish due to the differences in social conditions. However, both factions try to adhere themselves to a national identity through their communal ideology. The Protestants claim that they are part of Britain, while the Catholics claim that they are members of Irish Nation. This situation has led to reluctance in both communities to stop the conflictual circumstances which encourage both groups to tether to their traditions more intensely, to contribute to the otherization process reinforcing their social identity and lead them to impose their working ideology on their new members whose divergence from traditions will definitely pose a threat to their identity. Also, in this country the forgetting / remembering process, which is actually exploited to forge a national identity, is orchestrated by the two communities to enlarge the intercommunal chasm through the narration of the old stories and memories, creation of stories, commemoration activities and museumizing certain objects. Throughout the study the key points which will be highlighted are as follows: nation, national identity and nation building process, the sectarian conflict between the two communities in Northern Ireland, maintenance of conflictual situation and the employment of the forgetting / remembering process in Northern Ireland.
36
Kuecker, Aaron J. « The Spirit and the 'other' : social identity, ethnicity and intergroup reconciliation in Luke-Acts ». Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/532.
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Alfadhli, Khalifah H. « The role of shared identity in social support among refugees of conflict : case of Syrian refugees in Middle East ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/78468/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Forced displacement is the crises of our time as it has reached an unprecedented magnitude and rate, which exceeds the capacity of the international relief system and required efforts from global citizens, institutions, governments and communities. Social psychology has an important role in this needed mass response, to provide a better understanding of how the forcibly displaced people deal with their situation and how they are affected by it. Taking into consideration the sharp gap of resources available to the international relief system, it is especially important to understand the natural mechanisms of support the affected communities have, which can be an effective tool to build more efficient interventions and to empower marginalised communities and individuals. This research project aims to explore one possible mechanism underlining social support among refugees of conflict in developing countries, and sought to answer three main questions: how refugees help each other? Does sharing an emergent identity of being a “refugee” facilitate support among them, similar to people affected by disasters? Does this shared identity-based support impact their health? After conducting a systematic literature review (Paper 1) of psychosocial support among refugees of conflict in developing countries, we identified that the main challenge was the stressors arising from the exile environment (secondary stressors) and found indications of shared identity-based support among them. To do further exploration with social identity in mind, we conducted an 8-month ethnography (Paper 2) with Syrian refugees in Jordan that revealed an emergent shared “refugee” identity which seems to stem from a sense of common fate and motivates providing help to other refugees in addition to creating new social networks in exile that facilitates support efficiently. To better understand the secondary stressors (Paper 3), we conducted a survey (N = 305) and combined it with ethnographic data to find that Syrian refugees in Jordan suffer the most from financial stressors, due to loss of income and high living expenses; environmental stressors arise from exile and are either circumstantial (e.g., services and legal requirements) or created by this environment (e.g., instability and lack of familiarity); social stressors, directly related to social relations (e.g., discrimination & exploitation). In order to explore the process of support and the exact role of shared identity, we conducted two surveys (Paper 4) among Syrian refugees in Jordan (N = 156) and Turkey (N = 234) and used path analysis to build a model, which suggested that shared social identity is an important predictor of providing support and collective efficacy, which in turn has a positive association with general health of the refugees. We found indications that such positive associations could have a buffering effect in counter to the negative effect of stressors and stress on the health of refugees. We do acknowledge the stigmatic nature of a “refugee” identity and that there are other sources of support among the refugees. Nevertheless, we suggest that shared social identity can be a valuable resource in the field of psychosocial support among refugees of conflict in developing countries, especially if incorporated in the design of community level intervention.
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Vela-Beltran-del-Rio, Cesar. « The Human Robot : A Narrative Study of Identity Change in Mexico Through an Analysis of Mexican Films ». NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/42.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In order to succeed in an intellectually, economically, socially, and politically controlled system, as México, one has to develop a sense of inner direction and empowerment, where critical thinking is vital yet patriarchy becomes an impediment to the development of an inner compass and empowerment when it shapes and controls the masses’ identity and behavior through different strategies, methods, and institutions. One of the most powerful and popular identity shaping strategies is film making. Film is considered by most as a source of entertainment portraying social interactions. Yet it is a powerful identity-shaping tool for the establishment. It has been used by the Mexican government and its associates, for a long time, in an effort to sustain the status quo and justify its existence and social performance. The selected methodology of this study allowed comparison and contrasting of messages transmitted about identity, behavior, role-identification, values, and life scripts, using films from three different periods of the development of México: agricultural (1920s-1950s), industrial (1950s-1990s), and neoliberal (1990s-today). Religion, social interactions, gender, ethnicity, and nation-states are some of the main themes that emerged from this exploration of identity and behavior shaping strategies used in the Mexican films analyzed. The Identity shaping strategies are an efficient way of dealing with conflict because controlling and constraining is done by the individuals rather than by the nation-state.
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Naderi, Robin, et Andreas Pettersson. « Den interna revisorns professionella och organisatoriska identitet : En kvalitativ studie inom svenska universitet ». Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69776.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Två identiteter som den interna revisorn på ett universitet upplever är en professionell och organisatorisk identitet. Medvetet eller omedvetet behöver den interna revisorn beakta när den professionella och organisatoriska identiteten uttrycks då identiteterna har positiva samt negativa aspekter i rollen som internrevisor. Syftet med studien var att skapa förståelse för hur den interna revisorns professionella och organisatoriska identitet balanseras samt uttrycks i praktiken. Detta gjordes genom att identifiera problematiska situationer och analysera spänningar. Social Identitetsteori har använts som grund för studien och tidigare forskning inom identitet, identifiering och revisorer har kompletterat teorin. Kvalitativa intervjuer med interna revisorer på universitet har utgjort det empiriska materialet för att fånga problematiska situationerna. Resultaten indikerar på att de interna revisorerna i studien upplever problematiska situationer när relationerna med de anställda och det professionella arbetet hamnar i konflikt. Förtroende hos de anställda ses vara en anledning till att spänningar upplevs och skapar konflikter mellan den professionella och organisatoriska identiteten. Den organisatoriska identitetens intresse ses värdesätta förtroende hos de anställda medan den professionella identitetens intresse ses värdesätta en oberoende och objektiv ställning. Identiteterna ses kunna dra åt olika håll vilket skapar en spänning i rollen. Förslag till framtida forskning var att undersöka om samt varför skillnader i spänningar hos internrevisorer i den offentliga och privata sektorn existerar.Two identities the internal auditor on a university experience are a professional identity and an organizational identity. Consciously or unconsciously, the internal auditor needs to acknowledge when the professional and the organizational identity are expressed since the identities both have positive and negative aspects on the role as an internal auditor. The purpose of this study was to create an understanding of how the internal auditors professional and organizational identity are balanced and expressed in practice. This was done by identifying problematic situations and analyzing tensions. Social Identity theory was used as the base for the study and previous research in identity, identification and auditors have complemented the theory. Qualitative interviews with internal auditors at eight universities have constituted the empirical material to capture problematic situations. The results indicate the internal auditors need to balance the interaction between the professional and the organizational identity when problematic situations occur. Trust from employees in the internal auditor is seen as a reason for why tensions occur in the problematic situations which can create conflicts in the interaction between the professional and organizational identity. The professional identity is seen to contribute to why an objective stance is valued, simultaneously the organizational identity is seen to contribute to why trust and understanding from employees are valued. Future research is proposed to investigate if and why differences in tensions among internal auditors exist in the public and private sector.
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Lewis, Matthew. « Social identitet i religiösa ritualer : En observationsstudie om ritualer och dess symbolers betydelse för socialidentitet ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Religionspsykologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352910.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Syftet med denna studie är att studera symboler som används i ritualer som är religiöst präglade, i detta fall en nordirländsk parad, för att bygga vidare på forskning kring ritualer och symbolers betydelse för social identitet. För att besvara detta syfte formulerades följande två frågeställningar: Hur kan symboler i tolfte juli paraden tolkas utifrån social identitetsteori? På vilka sätt ger denna ritual uttryck för de fyra komponenter som är del av David J. Knottnerus (1997) strukturella ritualiseringsteori? Genom en kombination av en sekundärobservation och tematisk innehållsanalys analyseras symbolerna som används i denna ritual. Det material som använts var en form av visuellt material, ett längre videoklipp från YouTube. Symbolerna i ritualen tolkas utifrån social identitetsteori, och ritualen i dess helhet betraktas med den teoretiska referensram som är angiven av strukturell ritualiseringsteori. Genom den analytiska processen har det framkommit att det går att identifiera vissa framträdande aspekter av social identitet i ritualer. Resultatet av denna studie visade på att ritualen i fråga bidrar till stärkandet av den sociala identiteten hos nordirländska protestanter, och bidrar till stereotypisering inom gruppen. Det finns även indikationer på att denna ritual fyller funktionen av att säkerställa en form av positiv social identitet som är distinkt. Grunden för denna sociala identitet har en religiös prägel. Det går även att identifiera två av de fyra komponenter som utgör grunden för strukturell ritualiseringsteori. Det går däremot inte att göra några påståenden om vad detta har för betydelse för ritualen i dess helhet eller dess betydelse för den enskilde individen.Northern Ireland was, for many years, the main subject in various forms of social studies. But in recent years Northern Ireland has been overlooked by many, and is a topic that is dated. In light of recent political events in the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland it is of the utmost importance that we revisit Northern Irish society and its social landscape. The purpose of this study is to delve deeper into the importance of symbols in rituals that are, in one way or another, religious to a certain extent. In order for this study to fulfil its purpose it will seek to answer two questions. The first question concerns how symbols in the Twelfth (or Orangemen’s Day) parade can be interpreted with help of social identity theory, and the second question posed concerns itself with how the ritual, in its entirety, can be seen with help of structural ritualization theory. Through a form of secondary observation and a thematic content analysis, it was concluded that there is a clear indication of social identity that takes shape in the usage of symbols in rituals. Participants in this ritual used symbols to strengthen their social identity, and this in turn contributed to stereotyping within the social group. There was also an indication that the ritual has a function, which is to secure a form of distinct, positive social identity. There was also an indication that religion played a pivotal role in the participants social identity. Lastly, the study managed to identify two out of four components in structural ritualization theory. However, it was difficult to assert the implications that the components of structural ritualization theory had for the ritual in its entirety.
41
Okinedo, Omovutotu Emmanuel, et Tania Mwiza. « Impacts of colonialism in Africa : A case study of Ethnic Identity and Ethnic Conflicts in Burundi ». Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21542.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis describes the perceptions of the Hutu/Tutsi communities in Bujumbura on the origin of ethnic conflicts in Burundi. With the use of a qualitative research method, this thesis describes the history and origin of ethnicity and ethnic identity between the Hutu and the Tutsi. Focusing on the case study approach, both secondary and primary research methods are used in the process of data sources with emphasis on the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial eras of the country. The thesis findings show that ethnicity in Burundi has changed over the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial eras. The ethnic structures in Burundi changed from that of togetherness in the pre-colonial period to that of hatred in both the colonial and post-colonial eras. The way forward for Burundi is to change the governance structures in the country so as to dismantle the colonial structures and shift back to the traditional pre-colonial structures.
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Tosaka, Rumi Morishima. « Is "identity-based conflict" a valid or banal concept ? Event history analysis of civil war onset, 1960-2000 ». Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1212613719.
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Anzalotta, Jaime. « I am Human, Too ! An Analysis of Conflict Resolution Theories and Their Applicability to the LGBTQ Community ». Diss., NSUWorks, 2017. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/70.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Members of the LGBT community have historically been victims of marginalization and alienation to various degrees. Incidents such as the Stonewall Riots, pride marches, and manifestos, among others, have served as a way for the LGBTQ community to attempt to take a stand against the systems in place that perpetuate inequality. Factors such as identity and gender have directly impacted the level to which individuals are shunned from their families, communities and social nexus. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore how factors such as identity and gender impact a sense of integration in the LGBTQ community. In addition, this dissertation aims to determine the applicability of three conflict resolution theories: Structural Violence, Social Cubism, and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, to the LGBTQ community. This study analyzes the history of the LGBTQ community, identity formation theories, gender expectations in society, and factors that lead to alienation and marginalization. This dissertation is a qualitative study which utilizes case study methodology to analyze the existing literature related to the aforementioned topics. In this study, the reader is provided with a detailed explanation of the applicability of the three theories, including the role of factors such as identity, gender, and integration versus tolerance in the LGBTQ community. The study concludes with an analysis of the theories, recommendations for future research, and insight for those who aim to resolve conflict in the LGBTQ community.
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Frändå, Linnea. « "They teach us to hate each other" : A Study on Social Impediments for Peace-Building Interaction Between Young Cypriot Women ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Umeå centrum för genusstudier (UCGS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-138099.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The yet unresolved interethnic conflict on the island of Cyprus known as the ‘Cyprus Problem’is one of the longest persisting conflicts in the world stretching over five decades. The conflictis between the Greek-Cypriots and Turkish-Cypriots and has consequently divided the Islandinto a Greek-Cypriot administrated southern part, and a Turkish-Cypriot administrated northernpart. Despite the opening of the borders in 2003, which granted permission to cross over to eachside, studies show that the peace-building interaction between the younger generations remainslimited. Through in-depth interviews with ten young Cypriot women, the thesis analyses socialfactors impeding the interaction across the divide and provide an understanding of the women’sperception of peace in Cyprus. The politicisation of the construction of belonging continues todisconnect the women from a shared Cypriot identity and hence impedes interaction across thedivide. Further, the context of the negotiations has created a stalemate on peace-buildinginteraction for many of the women and had a negative impact on their views on politics ingeneral. The study reaffirms that women’s political involvement is essential to bring aboutpeace and reconciliation in Cyprus.
45
Beckley, Paul. « Identity-complexity, stigmatised identities and psychological well-being in adolescents ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13926.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Research suggests that people define themselves, at least in part, in terms of their group memberships and that their psychology often depends on the state of the groups that defines the self (Haslam, Jetten, Postmes, & Haslam, 2009). Historically, the number of social groups in which people are active or with which they identity is seen as social capital and as leading to better mental health (e.g. identity-complexity, or social complexity, Linville, 1987). As such, social and clinical psychologists generally advocate and perpetuate the idea that multiple group membership and complex patterns of identification is psychologically beneficial to individuals. However, is identity-complexity straightforwardly positive for everyone? The current study examined how issues of identity-complexity are associated with psychological well-being in a young population (16-25). We hypothesised that identity-complexity might not be straightforwardly positive when multiple identities conflict with one another or when particular groups are stigmatised. The sample was made up of 464 young persons from a variety of social, cultural, economic, and educational backgrounds in schools, colleges, and universities. As hypothesised, participants who reported multiple identity conflicts and stigma were found to have less resilience and life satisfaction, and more depression and anxiety. Notably, findings also revealed that while it was psychologically advantageous for White participants to belong to multiple groups, the reverse was found for Black participants. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed. Results provide further insight on the relationship between multiple group membership and well-being.
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Pålsson, Emil. « Colombia’s Socio-Economic Stratification System : An urbanisation policy that causes intergroup conflict ? » Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-91278.
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Rapid urbanisation is a global phenomenon on the rise. If managed poorly by the cities affected, it may lead to, e.g. segregation, air pollution and civil unrest. In order to avoid these problems and to achieve Sustainable Development Goals, 10, reduce inequality within and among countries and 11, make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable, urbanisation policies must be functional, robust and socially sustainable so that the organic growth or poorly executed policies does not lead to problems like segregation, tensions between the inhabitants and civil unrest. This study takes a closer look at a one mega city’s attempt to cope with their rapid urbanisation, the Socio-Economic Stratification (SES) system of Bogotá, Colombia to see if it is a sustainable and efficient urbanisation policy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in two areas of Bogotá where neighbourhoods are characterised by a significant difference in SES levels. Social Identity Theory and the Social Identity Model of System Attitudes were adopted to analyse the results, focusing on the formation of group identities in the neighbourhoods, intergroup conflictual behaviour, relationships and contact to see whether there exist peaceful coexistence or intergroup conflictual behaviours between the members of the SES systems different levels. The study shows a passively supported but not actively endorsed system, a tendency to place strong classification and stigmas on individuals based on their SES level, the lack of relationships and contact between neighbourhoods, and social identities with intergroup conflictual behaviour in three out of four areas investigated. A less conflictual behaviour is found in individuals that have lived in other SES levels or has had much contact with people from there. The results suggest that urbanisation policies, not only in Bogotá but worldwide, should be implemented where inhabitants are encouraged to interact and diminish segregation. As the segregation stemming from the SES system is causing tensions between the members of the different SES levels and may lead to civil unrest. This study contributes to the deficit in empirical data that exists on the SES system and will work to spark a debate on its implications and highlight people’s experiences from it. The results will also work as material for future research on the SES system and other urbanisation policies worldwide.
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Johansson, Sara. « Walking the tightrope – can storysharing play a part in reconciliation ? » Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22432.
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This thesis asks whether sharing personal experiences with people from the other side of a conflict contribute to reconciliation. The reconciliatory work of four multinational women´s organizations in Bosnia-Hercegovina are examined in the light of contact theory and thinking on narrative, looking specifically at the possibilities of talking and the obstacles of a post-conflict society. Taking Trudy Govier´s writing as a starting point reconciliation is defined as a renewal of trust through forgiveness that makes long-term co-operation possible. Contact theory offers alternative circumstances where the process of reconciliation can start. Thinking on narrative brings light on the act of talking and listening and how that can influence the circumstances and the actors.15 semi-structured interviews were held with women in Bosnia-Hercegovina. Seven of them were organizers, eight of them participants. The questions were formulated and the transcribed interviews were analyzed with the help of five themes: talking, change, co-operation, trust, future and reconciliation.This thesis comes to the conclusion that reconciliation has to be seen as both an individual and a societal issue. It is a personal experience, but it cannot be separated from the society the person lives in. Talking can bring two people from different sides of a conflict together but the future and possibilities of their relationship is tightly bound to events in their community, the views of people around them and the general atmosphere of their surrounding environment. The concept of reconciliation is full of contradictions that reflect the complexities in a post-conflict society. The contradictions are both practical and emotional, lived and felt. In all its’ contradictions, reconciliation is about bridging gaps. After a war there is a gap between people who have lost faith in each other. There is also a gap between the past and the present, a gap left by all that was lost in the conflict. There is a gap between the individual and the society that betrayed her by ceasing to be a society and becoming chaos. All these gaps have to be traversed. A story told in earnest and listened to in the same spirit binds a tightrope over the gap for storyteller and listener. But there is a whole lot else besides that influencing the success of the tightrope walkers.
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Jönsson, Elise. « Konst i stadens offentliga rum : en studie om offentlig konst och dess betydelse för människan och staden ». Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23844.
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Studien syftar till att få en fördjupad förståelse för relationen mellan nutida konst ochstadsrum. Uppsatsen fokuserar vid att se på det offentliga rummet som en social processsom produceras och reproduceras i mötet mellan människan och den fysiska platsen.Relationen mellan nutida konst och offentlighet undersöks genom en fallstudie i Borås därstora satsningar gjort på konst i offentlig miljö. Syftet med fallstudien är dels attundersöka hur arbetet med offentlig konst har vuxit fram och utvecklats samt vad detfinns för intentioner bakom stadens satsningar på konst i offentlig miljö. Utöver att se påkonstens roll och betydelse ur ett stadsmässigt perspektiv undersöks människors privatauppfattningar om vad konsten ”gör” samt vad den har potential att ”göra” medstadsrummet i Borås. Förutom intervjuer har även observationer utförts för att att kunnaerhålla en individuell uppfattning om offentlig konst i Borås. Genom att sammanbinda stadens tankar och intentioner med sina satsningar på konst i offentlig miljö med människor privata upplevelser kring konstens roll i stadsrummet, har studien kunnat visa på den offentliga konstens mångsidiga och komplexa betydelse. Enligt de personer som på olika sätt har arbetat med offentlig konst i Borås så har stadens arbete med konst i offentlig miljö vuxit fram och utvecklats genom ett mångsidigt intresse, där privata och kommunala aktörer aktivt har samverkat. Satsningarna på konst i offentlig miljö kan ses som ett tillvägagångssätt för Borås att marknadsföra sig och locka till sig besökare. Åsikterna går isär ifråga om vad det finns för intentioner bakom satsningarna och huruvida konsten har blivit en del av Borås nya identitet eller inte. Människors olikheter innebär att de uppfattar och upplever offentlig konst på många olika sätt. För någon så anses konsten provocera och skapa konflikt medan den för någon annan kan symbolisera ett minne, skapa ro eller bidra med nya perspektiv. Jag önskar att studien kan leda till en ökad reflektion och förståelse ifråga om den offentliga konstens betydelse och potential, som en del i planeringen av den offentligt byggda miljön. Med offentlig konst som verktyg kan planeringen öka förutsättningarna för en trivsam miljö i stadens offentliga rum.The aim of this paper is to gain an increased understanding of the relation betweencontemporary art and public spaces through a case study in the city of Borås. The studyfocuses on public space as a social process that is produced and reproduced in the meetingbetween people's actions and a physical place. The purpose of the case study is partly toinvestigate the importance of public art for Borås as a city and to analyze the city'sintentions behind its efforts. In addition to looking at the role and importance of art froma urban perspective the study examines people's private perceptions about what the art"does" and what it has potential to "do" with different public places in Borås. Theempirical material of the study consists largely of qualitative interviews. In addition tointerviews, observations have also been made to obtain an understanding and perceptionof public art in Borås on an individual level. The study has been able to demonstrate the versatile and complex importance of public art by linking the city's intentions of its efforts of public art with people's private experiences of art in the city. The city of Borås work with public art has grown and developed through a diverse interest in art in public spaces, where private and municipal actors have actively cooperated. A positive development where Borås work on public art has grown and developed has proven to be a new way for the city to profile itself and create a new identity. There are different opinions and thoughts about what public art means for Borås as a city and whether it can be considered as part of the city's new identity or not. People's differences means that they perceive and experience public art in many differentways. For someone, the art creates conflicts when it is considered provocative, while forsomeone else it can symbolize a memory, create peace or new perspectives. I wish that thestudy can lead to an increased reflection and understanding of the importance andpotential of public art as a part of the planning of the public and built environment. Withcontemporary public art as a tool, planning can increase the livability in the public spacesof the city.
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Larsson, Noori. « Identitetens betydelse för radikalisering En studie om muslimska ungdomars känsla av identitet och tillhörighet i dagens mångkulturella samhälle ». Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22203.
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På senare tid har de uppmärksammade härjningarna och våldsamma metoderna som används av Islamiska Staten i Irak och Syrien (ISIS) bidragit till en ökad oro och diskussion om vad som får muslimska ungdomar ifrån väst att ansluta sig till sådana hänsynslösa organisationer. Mot bakgrund av detta ville jag undersöka vilka tankar och antaganden som konstruerar en muslimsk ungdoms världsbild avseende identitet och tillhörighet. Denna studie syftar därför till att uppnå ökad förståelse för hur fenomenet radikalisering kan relateras till identitetsskapande hos muslimska ungdomar och vilka processer i identitetsskapandet som kan utgöra en risk för vägen mot radikalisering. För att lyckas med detta har jag utfört semistrukturerade utforskande djupintervjuer med muslimska ungdomar i Malmö. Min avsikt med denna studie har inte varit att utgå från att alla muslimska ungdomar är, eller har potential för att bli radikaliserade. Min avsikt har snarare varit att utforska hur identitet och tillhörighet kan säga något om vägar (pathways) till radikalisering oavsett av religiös tillhörighet. För att analysera informanternas berättelser har begrepp och ramverk från Social identitetsteori använts. Studien påvisar en stabil grund för bi-kulturell identifiering med en svensk och en muslimsk kontext bland ungdomarna som ingått i denna studie. Samtidigt går det att spåra en kluvenhet i att på grund av sin religiösa identitet inte alltid accepteras fullt ut i alla sammanhang och en känsla av medialt utpekande av muslimer som grupp. Informanternas berättelser synliggör också en upplevd intern konflikt bland muslimska samfund då terrorism som utförs i islams namn tvingar medlemmar i gruppen att både internt och externt markera ställningstagande i frågan om religiöst motiverat våld och terrorism. Denna konflikt i kombination med ett upplevt utanförskap som svensk muslim kan i sig vara grunden för att vissa ungdomar vänder sig in i andra delar av den muslimska gruppen för att söka acceptans och bekräftelse. I denna process finner en del av dessa ungdomar radikala och extrema rörelser. Dessa rörelser är isolerade från omvärldens intryck vilket möjliggör för extremism att gro. När medlemmar inom en sådan grupp vill öka sin status kan beteende och handlingar eskalera vilket kan leda till våld och terrorism. Ett sätt att förhindra denna väg mot radikalisering av unga muslimer skulle således kunna vara att skapa förutsättningar för muslimska ungdomar att kunna känna tillhörighet i sina olika sociala identiteter som både svensk och muslim.As the brutality and violent means of the Islamic state in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) has become evident a general concern and public discussion has emerged about what makes young Muslims from the Western world to join such devious organizations. In light of this I wanted to examine the thoughts and assumptions that constructs the feelings of identity and belonging of young Muslims in the city of Malmo. This study thus aims to create a wider understanding of how the phenomenon of radicalization can be related to identities of Muslim youth and how the processes of forming identity can compose a risk for the individual to find pathways to radicalization. To accomplish this explorative semi-structured interviews with young Muslims in Malmo was conducted. My intention with this study has not been to assume that all Muslim youth is, or has the potential to become radicalized. My intention rather has been to explore how identity and belonging can tell something about routes (pathways) to radicalization regardless of religious affiliation. To analyze the stories of the young Muslims who participated in this study concepts and frameworks from Social Identity Theory has been applied. This study shows that among the young Muslims participating in this study there is a stable basis for a bi-cultural identification with both a Swedish and a Muslim context. It is though possible to trace some ambivalence in the bi-cultural identity of these individuals as their experience as being Muslims e.g. their religious identity are not always compatible or fully accepted in all contexts. Additionally the participants also perceive that Muslims as a group is being publicly singled out and criticized by media. The stories also reveals a perceived internal conflict among Muslim communities as terrorism conducted in the name of Islam compels members of the Muslim group to both internally and externally mark position concerning religiously motived violence and terrorism. This conflict joint with the experience of exclusion among Swedish Muslim can potentially become the reason for some young Muslims to turn into the wide range of Muslim communities in search for acceptance and affirmation. In this process some individuals will find radical and extremist movements. The isolation these movements/groups experience from outside impressions then enables extremism to flourish inside the group. When members of such a group strives to improve individual status the behavior and actions of the group can escalate which in turn can result in violence and terrorism. Thus to avoid this pathway to radicalization the solution lies in creating conditions that allows for young Muslims to feel belonging and inclusion in their bi-cultural identities as being both Swedish and Muslims.
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Abaza, Wasseem. « The Role of Business in Identity-Based Conflict : A Case Study of Peace-Building in a Business Context ». Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1386236000.
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