Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Social control, penal-welfare system, welfare state, social work »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Social control, penal-welfare system, welfare state, social work"
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Topol, Olga, et Nataliia Sukhytska. « SOCIAL PAYMENTS, COMPENSATIONS AND BENEFITS AS A RANGE OF SOCIAL WELFARE OF THE POPULATION IN UKRAINE ». Problems and prospects of economics and management, no 4(28) (2021) : 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5215-2021-4(28)-7-16.
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The article presents a theoretical justification and empirical verification of the effectiveness of social payments, compensa-tions, and benefits in Ukraine as ranges of social welfare. An analysis of social assistance to families with children performs. The ways of improving the social welfare system indicated: legal (streamline the regulatory framework of social security in Ukraine, generalize the types of assistance, compensation and benefits, eliminate duplication); financial (to provide funding from the State Budget of Ukraine as a separate item of social expenditures, to audit the effectiveness of the use of budget expenditures; topro-vide for the possibility of transferring budget funds to non-state actors, etc.); personnel (increase salaries of specialists, set sur-charges for complexity (responsibility) and scope of activities; social (increase the prestige of the profession, audit and certifica-tion of personnel according to quality standards of social assistance); educational (introduce unified models of professional training, retraining and advanced training) specialists in the field of social work in accordance with the specialization), prognos-tic (provide a targeted order for training with their subsequent employment), organizational (establish effective interaction be-tween social assistance entities, educators, representatives of international organizations), information technology (providefree and technically convenient access of the population to information on social benefits, services, benefits, entities that provide them), information and advertising (use web pages, websites, "personal e-offices", telephone "hot" / consultation lines, on-online and offline consul etc.); management (granting, appointment and control of payments to concentrate in the powers of one central entity; providing assistance to the territorial offices of the main entity).The developed recommendations, among others, are proposed: to create based on legal documents of Ukraine "Unified information base of social assistances, services, and benefits" provided to the population indicating sources of funding (state budget funds, funds of non-governmental organizations, local communities), and "Unified Register of Beneficiaries in Ukraine" which in joint data processing, will provide an opportunity to compare: information on the amount of funding for assistance and the needs of consumers in this aid.
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Tian, Yi, Junhai Ma, Zongxian Wang et Lei Xie. « Complexity and Control of Multichannel Supply Chain Under Carbon Tax Policy ». International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 31, no 06 (mai 2021) : 2150092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127421500929.
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Considering the trends of the carbon tax and online retail market, a comparative study on the order quantity strategy of supply chain under two carbon tax policies are conducted. A multichannel supply chain model is constructed in this work under the flat carbon tax policy and progressive carbon tax policy. The complexity of the supply chain under the channel heterogeneity expectations is studied. The impacts of consumers’ dual preferences and the free-riding of each channel on the system complexity, profits, carbon emissions and social welfare are explored. This study indicates that the supply chain order quantity system under the two types of carbon tax policies will enter into an unstable state with changes in consumers’ preferences and free-riding parameters. In order to positively impact on the profits of all parties, government revenue, consumer surplus, and the environment, the system should be kept in stable region. Consumers’ preferences and free-riding have more obvious influence on the social welfare under the progressive emission carbon tax policy than the flat carbon tax policy. In contrast to the flat carbon tax policy, the progressive carbon tax policy can delay or even prevent the order quantity system from entering into the bifurcation and chaos area, and the chaos control effect under the progressive carbon tax policy is better. The present work expands the practical application scenarios of complex system theory and thereby has an important theoretical and practical value.
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Wódz, Kazimiera, et Krystyna Faliszek. « The ups and downs of the professionalization of social work in Poland after 1990. The comments on the debate ». Praca Socjalna 33, no 6 (31 décembre 2018) : 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1733.
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The article attempts to present the process of professionalization of social work in Poland after 1989. It was shown in terms of the classical attribution model and in the concept of Abbott, in which the essence of the pro-fessionalization process is primarily the functioning of the profession in a complex system of internal and exter-nal dependencies. Analyses indicate that the process of professionalization of social work in Poland is currently far incomplete, and the ongoing and planned changes in the social welfare system are unlikely to favour its development. We deal with specific monopolistic practices of the state in shaping the institutional foundations of social assistance in accordance with the interests of the central administration, which seeks to shift responsibility for implemented activities to external entities, retaining full and even increased possibilities of exerting influence and control. This is also reflected in the ongoing attempt to standardize social services, which is ultimately an element of deprofessionalisation of social work
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Prieur, Annick, Sune Qvotrup Jensen et Vibeke Bak Nielsen. « Lacking social skills : A social investment state’s concern for marginalized citizens’ ways of being ». Critical Social Policy 40, no 4 (26 septembre 2019) : 608–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018319878130.
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The Danish state is preoccupied with its citizens’ social skills, which are seen as important for the nations’ competitiveness. Such skills regard self-presentation, communication, emotional control etc. This article relies primarily on interviews with Danish social workers who are involved either in assessing young marginalized welfare clients’ personal readiness for schooling or employment or in preparing them for this through social skills training. Secondarily, it relies on fieldwork data from young Danes at the margins of the educational system and/or the labour market, who are frequently confronted with a devaluation of their personal ways of being. As personal resources related to ways of being, communicating, handling emotions etc. are ascribed social value, especially at the labour market they may work as a form of capital, while the lack of them may be a source of marginalization. These findings are discussed as signs of more general social normative demands, theoretically grasped in the meeting point of Bourdieu’s understanding of embodied cultural capital, of Skeggs’ analysis of how subjects are attributed value or not, and of Illouz’s investigation of the emotional demands contemporary capitalism puts on employees. Understanding the experiences of those who fail to comply with implicit social requirements for personal resources thus shed light on contemporary requirements regarding how to behave and communicate with other people as well as on the state’s investments in the most personal spheres of its citizens.
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Kolodiychyk, Yuliia. « About the expedience of teaching the discipline of «social partnership» for future social workers ». Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, no 189 (août 2020) : 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2020-1-189-135-138.
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The article reveals the essence of social partnership and its role in the sphere of social and labor relations. The purpose and key elements of social partnership are identified. The peculiarities of the tripartite model of partnership, which operates in Ukraine, are analyzed. The psychological, pedagogical and socio-cultural conditions of relations between social partners, as well the basic principles to which the parties should adhere were noted. Key elements of social partnership include: an existing social problem that needs to be addressed as quickly possible; interests and values of partners; legal validity of the partnership; opportunities and strengths of partners; rules of interaction and mutual control. The essence of social partnership in the field of social work is covered. Social technologies that are used for establishing optimal cooperation between social partners are considered: mediation, extreme support, variations and cross-offers. The most popular of which in the field of social work is social mediation, which serves to establish relationships between the client and the organization. Theoretical knowledge and practical skills necessary for future social workers to build partnerships with clients as objects of social work, as well with representatives of state institutions and public organizations as subjects of social work. The necessity of teaching the discipline «Social Partnership» for future social workers is justified. Therefore, teaching the discipline «Social Partnership» for future social workers is especially important and necessary, because modern society requires from the higher education system a fully developed competitive professional, whose knowledge, skills and abilities will successfully serve the further social development of society. The success of such development is impossible without a highly qualified social worker, whose professionalism and dedication will improve the quality of social services and improve the welfare of the Ukrainian population as a whole. To strengthen the system of social partnership in Ukraine, it is necessary to observe some important aspects: the possibility of unimpeded receipt of social protection, social guarantee or social service; strengthening the socio-regulatory framework in order to bring it into line with international law; motivation of employers to participate in social dialogue; raising public awareness of social partnership.
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Bornarova, Suzana, Natasha Bogoevska et Svetlana Trbojevik. « Changes in European Welfare State Regimes as a Response to Fertility Trends : Family Policy Perspective ». European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 11, no 1 (10 juin 2017) : 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v11i1.p50-57.
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Following 1945, that is the Second World War, Europe faced a huge demographic increase in the number of births, known as baby-boom. Encouraged by the improvement of the living conditions after the devastating war, the return of the optimism, opening of the employment opportunities and the renewal of the idea about the family, this demographic trend entailed the so-called familism tide. In the mid 1960-ies however, demographic indicators in almost all European countries began to change suddenly. Massive development of contraception, increased birth control and family planning, as well as higher employment of women and their integration in the labour market, took place. As a result of these trends, in the 1970-ties European countries faced a considerable drop in fertility rates. This trend reached its peak during 1970-1980-ties when a dramatic drop in fertility rates took place, known as baby-bust. As a consequence, almost everywhere in Europe, the fertility rate dropped below the level needed for simple population reproduction or below 2.1 children per woman. Several related trends also contributed to the change in the demographic picture of Europe, such as: dropping birthrates, shrinking of the population, delay in births (increase in the age of birth of the first child), increase in the number of one-child families, as well as growth in the number of couples without children (universality of births is no longer present – at least 1 child per family). Similar trends are evidenced in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CIE), with one considerable difference – they took place around a decade later compared to the developed European countries. One common characteristic which shaped the demographic changes in CIE countries was the fact that they occurred simultaneously with the radical changes of the societal system from socialism towards democracy in the 1990-ties. Due to this, demographic changes in CIE countries gain in weight, are furthermore under the influence of the transitional processes and thus differ considerably compared to those in the developed countries. The differences are heavily attributable to two sets of factors: a) different institutional settings, especially in the family policies related to employment of women and child raising; and b) different effects of these family policies upon fertility rates and participation of women in the labour market. Given the above demographic trends, welfare states in Europe, adjust accordingly, predominantly through the policies and measures of family policy as one of the social policy domains. Following a detailed statistical analysis of demographic indicators in Europe, this paper will produce an analysis of the family policy responses to demographic trends based on the Esping-Andersens’ classification of welfare states: universal welfare states (Nordic countries); conservative welfare states (Continental European countries); liberal social states (Anglo-Saxon countries) and South-European social states (Mediterranean countries). A specific focus in the paper will be also given to the demographic trends and corresponding family policy developments in the Republic of Macedonia, as a country of South Europe. Cross-cutting issues in the analysis of the family policy models will be: the extent to which family policies are gender-neutral or gender-specific (are they women-friendly and do they promote active fatherhood?), measures for harmonization of work and family life (are women appropriately supported in performing their roles of mothers and active participants in the labour market at the same time) and the scope in which family policy is being designed to serve the purposes of population policy (how the concern and the interest of the state to increase fertility rates shapes family policy?).
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Li, Wenzheng, et Yu Song. « History of development of health insurance system after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China ». Финансы и управление, no 3 (mars 2020) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7802.2020.3.32407.
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The object of this research is the healthcare system of China and the implementation of basic health insurance in the country. The subject of this research is the stages of formation and improvement of health insurance system after the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The data analysis of scientific literature data and the postulates of legislative acts allowed examining the gradual transition of China from the scheme of national welfare towards the model of social health insurance l. The scientific novelty of this work consists in generalization of the key problems in China’s health care system and proposal of ways for their solution. Similar to any developing program, the implemented system of health insurance has a number of shortcomings that require elaboration and amendments. By trial and error with regards to implementation of progressive reforms and reasonable state control, China was able to achieve maturity of the system of heath insurance, however mostly in cities. It is necessary to address the issues of deficit of health insurance fund, as well as the questions of individual financial risk. The application of measures proposed in the article may reduce the risks and improve the quality of health insurance system, as well as increase the level of content of the citizens with healthcare system.
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Koval, H., et V. Smyk. « НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ СОЦІАЛЬНИХ ПОСЛУГ В УКРАЇНІ ». State and Regions. Series : Social Communications, no 2(46) (13 août 2021) : 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.32840/cpu2219-8741/2021.2(46).23.
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<p><strong><em>Purpose of the study.</em></strong><em> The purpose of our article is to determine the features of the introduction of innovations in the social services provision to the population and to clarify the possibilities of regulatory and legal support for the system of social services.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology.</em></strong><em> The methodology of our research is a system of scientific principles, forms and methods of research activities, namely, the system of social services provision in Ukraine and its regulatory and legal support.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results.</em></strong><em> The article analyzes the current state of the regulatory and legal framework for the system of social services and the strategy for the development of social work in Ukraine; the problems of the evolution of the system of social protection (social services), social policy in relation to the unprotected strata of society, the modern level of innovative social protection of the population, the mechanisms of reforming the system of social services are outlined.</em></p><p><strong><em>Scientific novelty</em></strong><em> of the research results:</em><em> </em><em>identified steps to modernize the current system for the provision of social services;</em><em> </em><em>handled new working methods such as multidisciplinary team, outsourcing services;</em><em> </em><em>it was determined that the modernization of the system of providing social services in Ukraine significantly influenced the principles of implementing the country's social policy, obliging to abandon the usual subsidized nature of social security for categories of people who fell into difficult life circumstances.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical value.</em></strong><em> The modernization of the existing infrastructure of the system for the social services provision in Ukraine and its regulatory support provides for the deinstitutionalization of the existing network, since for a significant period of time social facilities and institutions were subordinate to different ministries and departments, which led to the lack of a unified approach to their financing. Thus, expenses for inpatient institutions subordinated to the Ministry of Health are determined by the structure of the population of the corresponding administrative-territorial unit, while expenses for institutions that are under the control of the Ministry of Social Policy and the Ministry of Education and Science are determined by the number of persons staying in these institutions or the number of people receiving services from them.</em></p><p><em>The research materials will be useful for the training of future social work specialists, because in the article the authors highlight the main state measures in the direction of strategic planning of innovative approaches to improve the efficiency of the provision of social services in Ukraine.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong><em>words:</em></strong><em> social policy, phenomena, process, reforming, system, legal provision, welfare state, social services, innovations.</em></p>
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Petrunia, Yurii Y., Vira Y. Petrunia et Olexander I. Guba. « BEHAVIOR OF INDIVIDUAL CONSUMERS AS AN OBJECT MANAGEMENT INTERESTS ». Європейський вектор економічного розвитку 2, no 31 (2021) : 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2074-5362-2021-2-31-5.
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The article deals with the reasons, directions and scope of the interest of society, institutions of state regulation and managers of business structures concerning the behavior of households as consumers. It was demonstrated that, in the modern socioeconomic system, households act as independent agents, including the area of consumer behavior. At the same time, the consumer behavior of households has a socialized character: firstly, in the context of the implementation of the procedure for obtaining the goods needed to meet the needs; secondly, in the context of the emergence of certain social consequences from the use of acquired goods by households; thirdly, in the context of the conditions of existence, functioning and development of business organizations. The socialized nature of consumer activity determines that the behavior of individual consumers should be the point of interest and influence from the society, state and local institutions of the government and business. At the same time, that behavior can be the subject of interest and influence from the side of society, state institutions of management and business. It was proved that protection of public interests requires an establishment of the certain social control over consumer behavior. On the basis of the analysis it was established that the social interest in individual consumer behavior can be represented in the following directions (forms): objective, quantitative and subjective-territorial. It was found that the objective public interest in the consumer behavior of households involves the focus on consumer choice of specific goods and services. Assessment of consumer behavior in the context of “buying” is associated with the impact of such choices, firstly, on the health of individuals and society taken as a whole, and secondly, on the worldview, creative and intellectual development as individuals, and society taken as a whole. By contrast, the health condition affects the level of “social happiness” (social welfare), efficiency and productivity of social work (ability to perform a certain amount of work and provide a certain level of intensity), the corresponding costs of the state and local budgets connected with the prevention and treatment of diseases, the use of various compensation payments related to the health problems. Quantitative form (direction) of public interest in the behavior of individual consumers may be related to the health issues, macroeconomic policy, resource potential, ensuring a balanced situation in different commodity markets, achieving the required level of the national economic security. The subjective territorial direction of public interest in the market behavior of households is related to the assessment of the social consequences of individual consumer decisions on the choice of entities in the supply chain of goods and services. Such entities may be business organizations of a particular jurisdiction: residents or non-residents. The aggregate market choice of consumer households in this context has certain macroeconomic implications related to the competitiveness of the national economy, the current and future state of its security
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Samsonsen, Vibeke, et Elisabeth Willumsen. « Narratives from parents in England and Norway ». Journal of Comparative Social Work 10, no 1 (1 juillet 2015) : 6–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/jcsw.v10i1.120.
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The framework for assessment in child protection, as well as the context of the welfare state, differs between England and Norway. Assessments in England are structured in terms of a set model (the triangle) and procedures to be followed, whereas in Norway there are few national guidelines and not a set model for assessments. This underpins professional judgement as the most important component in Norway. This is a study of parents` experiences from assessment in these two contexts, and patterns and themes of assessment experiences have been identified in the two countries through a narrative analysis of in-depth interviews with parents. When asked about their opinions of the current assessment framework, parents in both countries talk more about feelings than about framework and procedures, as their experiences of assessment are similar in both countries. First and foremost, they experience strong emotions in a stressful situation, including anxiety, frustration and powerlessness, but also relief. These cross-national emotions might provide information about how assessment is a stressful situation for the parents involved. However, we find some differences in the way social work is acted out according to the national assessment framework and policy context. In England, the framework and procedures seem to provide clarity with regard to process and power within the system. In Norway, the assessment is characterized by a professional judgement accompanied by more resources, which we find enables helpful decisions from a family perspective. However, this heavy reliance on relationships using professional judgement might also be viewed as a source of informal power. These findings are discussed in relation to theories of emotions and the concept of power. Regarding implications for practice, we would recommend a more explicit awareness of help and control in assessment among social workers involved, together with a clear communication on the topic of emotions and power in assessment.
Thèses sur le sujet "Social control, penal-welfare system, welfare state, social work"
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CELLINI, GIOVANNI. « Controllo sociale, servizio sociale e professioni di aiuto nel sistema penitenziario ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/41613.
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In Italy there is a prison and probation system based on a rehabilitative model that is aimed at social reintegration of the author of the crime, which is connected with social policies and entrusts relevant tasks to the helping professions. Among these, social work is affected by changes in social policies and a new social order, marked in Europe by the influence of neo-liberal thought (Lorenz, 2005; Dalrymple, Burke, 1995, 2006). In this scenario, changes in social policies, which have occurred with the crisis of the welfare state, are interwoven with those of criminal policies. The central research question, proposed in contemporary sociological literature, with particular reference to the U.S. and Britain, is of the gradual transition from a model mainly focused at ensuring social welfare, to a model in which the dominant interest is to increase effective social control (Garland, 2004). In this “new welfare” there has been an impoverishment of social protection, and resources for the most vulnerable segments of the population. This process has led - in some cases - to discriminatory policies, aimed at segregation and incarceration of the most disadvantaged people. In the research presented in this paper, 43 semi-structured interviews were carried out in three regions of northern Italy, to professionals working in the penitentiary sector (mainly social workers). Through them, we have focused on the representations of the respondents on specific issues, including: the crisis of the welfare state in relation to the penal-welfare system, the culture of control and the changes in the functions and activities of social workers. Results show that social workers reject punitive responses, especially those towards the most disadvantaged social groups. Furthermore, in a long-term assessment, there does not seem to emerge, for social workers, a loss of strength as a group and status. There is, in fact, a certain evolution of social work from the methodological point of view, the attention of the profession to internal organizational issues and networking with other local agencies. On the other hand, in the crisis of welfare state and the rehabilitation ideal, political ideals and "strong" values, felt by the entire professional community, seem to be lacking.
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Sader, Débora. « A contra-reforma do Estado e o financiamento da seguridade social : 1995 a 2002 ». Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2006. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6484.
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Previous issue date: 2006-10-30Trata do financiamento da Seguridade Social no Brasil no contexto da contra-reforma do Estado na década de 1990 e início dos anos 2000, focando o período do governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995 2002). A Seguridade é uma das formas da intervenção pública do governo, com o objetivo de promover sua legitimação. A partir de uma problematização teórico-histórica sobre a teoria do Estado, base para os estudos, é discutida a construção do conceito de Seguridade no país e a regulamentação das políticas que a compõem Previdência, Assistência e Saúde , além da contra-reforma do Estado no Brasil e seus efeitos sobre essa política. Apresenta considerações sobre as alterações nas políticas componentes da Seguridade, discorrendo sobre a contra-reforma da Previdência Social com a incorporação da lógica atuarial à concessão dos benefícios; sobre a assistencialização das políticas sociais e o aumento dos gastos com a Assistência Social, ainda que em nível insuficiente para lidar com as mazelas sociais do país; e sobre o processo de implantação do Sistema Único de Saúde, que trouxe uma valorização da atenção básica à saúde e dos mecanismos de descentralização dos recursos, ficando os municípios responsáveis por boa parte da operacionalização e financiamento da política. A partir da discussão sobre o financiamento público, é ressaltada a predominância da valorização financeira do capital com a destinação de parcela crescente dos recursos arrecadados pelo governo para garantir a acumulação. Os principais mecanismos nesse sentido são os instrumentos de desvinculação das receitas, agora comprometidas com o pagamento dos juros da dívida, e as metas de resultado primário positivo. A intervenção pública dos anos 90 pautou-se pela busca da estabilização da economia, sobre-valorizando a importância de uma política econômica de cunho contracionista e conduzindo a cortes nos gastos públicos para a área social com a finalidade de pagar parte dos juros da dívida pública, ou seja, remunerar o capital especulativo e manter calmos, ou melhor, satisfeitos, os ditos mercados . Na medida em que avançou a penetração da ideologia neoliberal na sociedade e a utilização dos recursos arrecadados em nome da Seguridade para os gastos específicos foi reduzida, as possibilidades para a efetivação dessa política enquanto intervenção pública consolidada pioraram, dependendo cada vez mais de uma mobilização social nesse sentido.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Social control, penal-welfare system, welfare state, social work"
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Dwyer, Peter. « Rewriting the contract ? Conditionality, welfare reform and the rights and responsibilities of disabled people ». Dans Social Policy in an Era of Competition, 135–48. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447326274.003.0009.
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This chapter focuses on the rights and responsibilities of disabled people in the UK and the ways in which their rights to work and social security benefits have been subject to contestation and redefinition, particularly since the introduction of Employment and Support Allowance in 2008. In the past, both governments and citizens generally tended to support the claims of long-term sick and disabled people to social security benefits for two reasons. First, because disabled people fitted commonly held views about a legitimate need for provision of financial support and care through the public welfare system. Second, because the cause of their inactivity in the paid labour market was seen by many as being beyond their control. Disabled people have long challenged such discriminatory views and demanded the eradication of disabling attitudes and environments, so that they can realise effective rights to paid employment. Similarly, criticisms of the disabling welfare state and the role it has played in the systematic and entrenched social exclusion of disabled people in respect of their rights to work and welfare must be acknowledged.
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Guimarães, Ana Paula, et Fernanda Rebelo. « Social exclusion and labour ». Dans Direitos Económicos, Sociais e Culturais : Vinculação e (re)construções no Século XXI, 89–103. JUS.XXI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51389/zltr3171.
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Objectives: This paper aims to analyse the evolution of the Welfare State by looking at the intersection between its current reconfigurations in face of great societal crises (2008-09 and 2020) and the emergence of a suspicion speech regarding deservingness of different beneficiaries to the social protection regimes. Method: Critical analysis based on literature review focusing on the genesis of Welfare State in light of the recent transformations occurred within societies, aiming to understand the dimension of deservingness (its conceptualization, application and variables) in the access to the social protection system. Results: The Welfare State is a 20th Century heritage that allowed for the development of social policies grounded on the Keynesian defense of the principle of Universal rights and in the understanding of social solidarity as one of the most visible faces of social justice. Positioned as the core of the social welfare paradigm, the universal social protection system has functioned for three decades as the mechanism for dealing with social risks, simultaneously potentializing social cohesion. A result of several types of mutations, being the crises of the second half/last quartet of the 20th century and the two already remarkable crises of the 21st Century, the social protection systems have suffered from significant influences that have affected their configuration and presuppositions. Above all, it is highlighted the change to an activation model in which the underlying postulate is that of the selectivity based on the logic of deservingness. Work is now a constitutionally enshrined right, but it has not always been so. From a historical point of view, work, as an instrument of public power, was a weapon of the State at the service of the regeneration of people who were able to work. From a political-economic perspective, work was seen as a source of subsistence and, simultaneously, as a weapon to control the rural exodus in order to avoid the shortage of agricultural products and, consequently, hunger. At the same time, compulsory labour guaranteed public peace and reinforced good social habits, with the aim of regenerating people and guaranteeing a persevering image and good organization of Portuguese society towards the outside world. In this research, we focused our attention on the perspective of imposed labour by virtue of the adoption of social and economic policies by the public power that historically decided it was convenient and adequate. The main objectives were to analyse the protection of labour and the worker in the Constitution, as well as to study the issues related to imposed labour and the repression of begging, in a historical-evolutive perspective. Some economic benefits granted by the State nowadays were also analysed. The methodology followed to achieve the outlined objectives was based both on documental analysis, mainly, on legal sources, such as international instruments, the Portuguese Constitution and ordinary law, and on an important part of the doctrine, on this very vast subject, with recourse to that which was considered the most adequate, given the characteristics of the present study, complemented with the culling and processing of empirical data concerning economic and other social benefits provided by Social Security. The results obtained revealed that discrimination and inequality are often linked to factors of disadvantage or social and/or economic vulnerability of certain people or groups of people, which distances them from the perimeter considered sufficiently dignified and dignifying for the human being, far from the desirable degree of well-being. It was concluded that the granting of survival benefits and the so-called social insertion income by the social security system tries to dilute the poverty threshold. Other support of a non-pecuniary nature is also granted, among them, the monitoring and definition of insertion programs and life projects, with the aim of contributing to obtaining employment and social integration. There has been a shift from a view of mandatory work as a duty to serve the purposes of the public authorities to work as a right to self-sufficiency and self-realization for the individual, with the state responsible for ensuring this right.
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Caterini, Adele Emilia. « Worldwide Welfare Society ». Dans Handbook of Research on Healthcare Standards, Policies, and Reform, 34–51. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8868-0.ch003.
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In the face of healthcare emergency and the linked problems, the purpose of the work is to identify an economic and organizational tool for the improvement of the person's health condition and, consequently, for the prevention of the spread of future contingent pandemics. Due to the lack of public resources, this system would contemplate private investments balancing social and speculative objectives. It analysed the social impact bond (SIB), the typical form of impact investing that provides for public and private partnership. After examining the structure with its positive and negative aspects, the disintermediation through blockchain technology and smart contracts is prospected. According to the horizontal subsidiarity, stated in the article 118, paragraph 4, Cost., the suggested intervention would represent an operation aimed at realizing the right to health through a negotial tool (the SIB agreement) subject to the control of merit.
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Kjellberg, Inger, et Staffan Höjer. « The political-administrative and the professional approach to errors and mistakes in Swedish child protection ». Dans Errors and Mistakes in Child Protection, 135–52. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447350705.003.0008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The discourses and debates on errors and mistakes in child protection in Sweden hold many different sub-themes. Relatively recently, the Swedish state both recognised and apologised to persons maltreated in the Swedish child welfare system before 1980. At times, the discourse has been dominated by parents’ abuse or neglect resulting in child deaths. The role of social services in these cases has been depicted as faulty. Other areas of discourse focus on strengthening children’s rights in child protection, and impact on the day to day work of social services arising in part from the increase in unaccompanied children entering Sweden over recent years. This chapter aims to describe and discuss past and current strategies to avoid and handle errors and mistakes in child protection in Sweden. The chapter describes legal errors, organizational errors and professional errors as well as strategies to handle them. It builds on research from the two authors and others. The strategies are presented in themes, including: a) the different measures within the quality assurance systems – such as mandatory reports of mistreatment to the regulatory authority; b) the strategies to avoid errors and mistakes including increased legislation, control and governmental inspections and more attention to children’s voices; c) strategies originating from professional groups aiming to avoid errors and mistakes. Finally, the chapter discusses possible strategies designed to promote learning from errors and mistakes in social work education and for policy development.
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Gibson, Matthew. « Conclusions ». Dans Pride and Shame in Child and Family Social Work, 187–204. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447344797.003.0009.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter reviews and summarises the theory proposed throughout this book. It considers this theory within the context of the case-study site used as an example throughout. While all child and family social work organisations will interpret the wider systemic pressures individually and have their own regional needs and local idiosyncrasies, the case example provides an illustration of how pride and shame can be used in political attempts to shape, direct and control public services. In addition, it also demonstrates the complexity of the decision-making process, where experiences, or the anticipation, of pride, shame and other self-conscious emotions drive practitioners to comply with, or resist, such pressures. These processes are not reserved specifically for child and family social work, however. Indeed, the whole welfare state and governmental apparatus has been going through a transformation as neoliberal ideas, agendas and values have become embedded into political, media and public discourse. These ideas, therefore, relate to other disciplines and practices. This chapter sketches out the conditions needed for authenticity and pride in social work practice before concluding with possible future directions in the theory and practice of pride and shame in professional practice
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Fletcher, Del Roy. « The ‘fearsome frowning face of the state’ and ex-prisoners : promoting employment or alienation, anger and perpetual punishment ? » Dans Marketisation and Privatisation in Criminal Justice, 309–24. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447345701.003.0020.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Wacquant has argued that a transnational political process, comprising harsh penal and social policies, is underway to exert social control over marginal populations created by economic liberalism and welfare state retrenchment. This chapter considers the relevance of Wacquant’s ideas to the UK by drawing upon new primary research which has explored offender experiences of both ‘prisonfare’ and ‘workfare’. It shows how the social atomisation associated with economic liberalism is intensified and institutionalised by prison with dire consequences for the ability of ex-prisoners to display the behaviour necessary to make and sustain a claim for out-of-work benefits. Moreover, the indications are that long-term imprisonment often leaves a legacy of alienation, dependency and conflict which leads to benefit sanctions and further criminal activity.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Social control, penal-welfare system, welfare state, social work"
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Jiang, Bo, Amro M. Farid et Kamal Youcef-Toumi. « Impacts of Industrial Baseline Errors on Costs and Social Welfare in the Demand Side Management of Day-Ahead Wholesale Markets ». Dans ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49459.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Demand Side Management (DSM) has been recognized for its potential to counteract the intermittent nature of renewable energy, increase system efficiency, and reduce system costs. While the popular approach among academia adopts a social welfare maximization formulation, the industrial practice in the United States electricity market compensates customers according to their load reduction from a predefined electricity consumption baseline that would have occurred without DSM. This paper is an extension of a previous paper studying the differences between the industrial & academic approach to dispatching demands. In the previous paper, the comparison of the two models showed that while the social welfare model uses a stochastic net load composed of two terms, the industrial DSM model uses a stochastic net load composed of three terms including the additional baseline term. That work showed that the academic and industrial optimization method have the same dispatch result in the absence of baseline errors given the proper reconciliation of their respective cost functions. DSM participants, however, and very much unfortunately, are likely to manipulate the baseline in order to receive greater financial compensation. This paper now seeks to study the impacts of erroneous industrial baselines in a day-ahead wholesale market context. Using the same system configuration and mathematical formalism, the industrial model is compared to the social welfare model. The erroneous baseline is shown to result in a different and more importantly costlier dispatch. It is also likely to require more control activity in subsequent layers of enterprise control. Thus an erroneous baseline is likely to increase system costs and overestimate the potential for social welfare improvements.