Thèses : « Social contract – Sociological aspects »

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劉輝儉 et Fai-kim Lau. « Sociological, psychological aspects of internet swearwords ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31256338.

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Huthnance, Neil Peter School of Sociology UNSW. « Creativity in the bioglobal age : sociological prospects from seriality to contingency ». Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Sociology, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25954.

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This thesis is the first dedicated sociological attempt to offer a critical response to cultural studies and allied discourses that concern themselves with the relationship between technology and violence. A critical reconstruction is necessary because these cultural theorists have failed to adequately contextualize their arguments in relation to both the globally ascendant neoliberal policy outlook and its associated social Darwinian technoculture: the combined pernicious effects of which could be described as the logic of ???social constructionism as social psychosis???. The most prominent manifestation of this theoretical psychosis has to do with an interest in biotechnology in particular. The problem I identify in the treatment of this theme is how easily it can be used to support a technologically determinist position. One undesirable side effect is that these determinists are able to project from present trends a dystopian exhaustion of all critique through their focus on violence. In the thesis of ???bioglobalism??? this state of affairs is also deployed to take sociologists to task for insufficient recognition of processual ???network??? forms of distributed agency in technological processes. At stake therefore is the recovery of sociological critique. It follows that the core of my thesis is the radical reworking of two related heuristic devices: seriality and contingency. Seriality is taken to refer to social practices as diverse as the possible relationships between the social problem of rationality, case studies of individuals who have run amok, and the functioning of network characteristics. I use contingency to eschew seriality???s deterministic accounting of the social. Here I propose a new conceptual relationship between creativity and action. Emphasis is accordingly placed upon two related normative projects: Raymond Williams???s cultural materialism, and three of the ???problematiques??? Peter Wagner has identified as inescapable for theorizing modernity: the continuity of the acting person, the certainty of knowledge, and the viability of the political order. I conclude with a renewed conception of the role of normative critique as a form of conceptual therapy for bioglobal projections of seriality.

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Keyne, Lori Valerie. « Choral seating arrangements and their effects on musical and social elements ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185836.

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Choral experts have promoted either sectional block or mixed seating formations in choirs for various reasons. Previous research by Lambson indicates that there is no clear advantage to choral sound in either mixed or sectional formations, and, according to Tocheff, mixed formation has no advantage over sectional block formation. This research attempted to relate choral seating arrangements to individual musical growth and sociological dynamics. One hypothesis suggested that a mixed formation promotes individual musical growth in ear-training/sight-singing, vocal freedom, perceived scope of a choral work and also promotes group cohesion. The second and third hypotheses considered the correlation between the percentage of time spent in mixed formation and individual and group trust. Only two relationships were statistically significant: between mixed formation and perceived scope of a choral work, and between the percentage of time spent in mixed formation and group trust. An ancillary finding suggests that individuals who sing in mixed formation, prefer to sing with individuals from different voice parts. These findings suggest that individual musical growth and individual responsibility are enhanced in mixed formation.

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Chiu, Stephen Wing-kai, et 趙永佳. « Strikes in Hong Kong : a sociological study ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31208150.

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Slopek, Edward Renouf. « Social emotion and communication : disciplinary, theoretical and etymological approaches to the postmodern everyday ». Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39874.

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Surprisingly enough, while it is generally acknowledged that emotion plays a vital part in the negotiation of every day life, there has been until recently a scarcity of communications scholarship directly concerned with its study. To date, those examining this variable have largely relied for the theoretical and methodological support on models imported from psychology. While their studies have arguably had a positive impact on our understanding of some aspects of emotion, this dissertation contends that an over-dependence on psychological theories and methods has resulted in a blinkered approach to its study. In general, the focus of research and scholarship has been on either display and recognition of facial expression, physiological response to environmental stimuli, subjective verbal labeling, and behavioral manifestation. On closer inspection, a positivist discourse which considers emotion in methodologically individualistic and empirically behavioral terms has informed much of this work. Building on behaviorism, intentionalist analytical philosophy, and phenomenology, emotion research in Communication Studies has tended to neglect the social. More sophisticated approaches to grasping this latter variable, found in Sociology and Anthropology, consequently have had little impact, leading communications scholars to consistently define emotion in terms of individual motivations, drives, desires, wants, and dispositions rather than as a process located in a social world.
In light of this, this dissertation strove not only to assemble a history and provide a critique of emotion study in psychology, but to relate it to advances being made in Sociology and Anthropology, especially those pertaining to communication and postmodernity. Alongside this, it endeavored to: (1) furnish a theory and methodology for explaining those relationships; (2) illuminate a way in which emotion can be reconceived as a formative and independent social variable integral to the reproduction of postmodernity; and (3) analyze the practices and discourses that have contributed to the historically changing, oftentimes, inconsistent and disputed, study of emotion. After the principle issues were introduced in the opening Chapter, the second Chapter outlined the relationships between emotion, the everyday, media, and postmodernity, with the everyday representing a key theoretical construct necessary for understanding our time. This Chapter closed with an exploration of so-called postmodern emotion. Using several theoretical frameworks, Chapter 3 tracked historical, discursive, and disciplinary interests in emotion and Chapter 4 relations between theories of emotions through pre-modern (5thC B.C.-1890), modern (1890-1960), and postmodern (1960-) periods. Next, Chapter 5 charted the etymologies of the primary emotion terms, while Chapter 6 explored approaches to the study of emotion in Communication Studies, or Communicology. After an initial analysis of 'bibliometric' data, the three primary traditional approaches were then systematically identified and examined. A fourth postmodern approach, the constructionist, was presented and assessed in the last Chapter. There it was argued that, from this perspective, communication constitutes reality and not merely provides a conduit for preformed intentional and emotional states. There, the concept of social emotion was advanced, the idea of emotion as socio-culture performance developed, and a rules based theoretical f

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Yu, Siu-hung, et 余小紅. « The teaching of English : a sociological perspective ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31958400.

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Sepinwall, Amy J. « Determining parental obligations to unborn children using a social contract theory ». Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30114.

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I use a brand of social contract theory derived from David Gauthier to delimit precisely what might be permissible in the methods of conception and gestation of a child. More specifically, Gauthier posits a rule that is supposed to govern behavior among individuals prior to but in anticipation of the rise of social interaction. I argue that this rule can be appropriately applied to the interactions between a parent and her unborn child. I review other social contract models in an effort to show that Gauthier's is preferable to these. I also address other accounts concerned with parental obligations to the unborn, to see how these fare against Gauthier's. I conclude that, because of its breadth of applicability, as well as its plausibility, Gauthier's model is a powerful force for guiding us through these issues.

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Lam, Yeuk-hon John, et 林約翰. « Development of shopping centre in Hong Kong : a sociological study ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31967905.

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Kholer, Barbara Allen. « The psychological, sociological, and cultural aspects of professional wrestling as soap opera ». [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/857.

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Thesis (M.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.
Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0112104-105600. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.

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Gasiorek, Barbara M. « The role of friendship quality in mediating social comparison between friends / ». Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74322.

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Research in social comparison conducted with male subjects, strangers, and acquaintances has shown that unfavourable comparisons between highly similar individuals result in a negative self-evaluation, dissatisfaction, and decreased liking for the comparison other. Two studies were conducted on comparisons between 16-18 year-old female friends who perceived each other as high or middle in similarity in order to test the generality of these findings for close friends. Subjects were given false feedback on a test of maturity and told that they were at level 4 out of 8 while their friend was at level 6. The first study indicated that social comparisons between highly similar, close friends resulted in less satisfaction, but in a more positive self-evaluation and no change in liking for the partner. A strong correlation was also found to exist between similarity and quality of friendship. It was hypothesised that this may account for the differences in comparisons between friends and strangers. The second study looked at high and low quality of friendship in addition to similarity and allowed subjects to interact with their partners. It was found that High-quality friends evaluated themselves more positively after the comparison and experienced an increase in satisfaction and liking for their partner who was found to be very supportive. The opposite was found for Low-quality friendships. This research establishes the nature of the relationship as a critical variable in social comparison research.

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Wong, Hoi-chung, et 王海聰. « Public housing movements in Hong Kong since the seventies : a sociological study ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574420.

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Brans, Suzanne. « Applying the social cognitive and sociological models of stigma to student attitudes towards major depression and bipolar disorder ». University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0041.

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The aims of the current research program were to examine the social-cognitive and sociological models of stigma in relation to student attitudes towards an individual experiencing a mood disorder. Two experiments (Studies 1 and 2) sought to empirically distinguish between controllability and responsibility, both constructs of the attribution model which is subsidiary to the social-cognitive model of stigma. Despite manipulating controllability, participants were reluctant to attribute controllability of cause to individuals experiencing depression or bipolar disorder. The stability of beliefs about the controllability of cause for condition onset was consistent with research suggesting that the Australian public increasingly conceptualise mental disorders in terms of biochemical and genetic causal factors. These findings, in combination with past research linking biogenetic beliefs to negative attitudes, resulted in a change in focus of investigation in Studies 3, 4, 5 and 6 to explain why, contrary to the prediction of the attribution model, biogenetic explanations of mental disorders are associated with the proliferation of stigma. To measure causal beliefs, the Causal Belief Inventory (CBI) was developed in Study 3 and refined in Study 4. The correlational results examined in Studies 4, 5 and 6 found that genetic and biochemical causal beliefs were associated with a number of positive attitudes towards individuals experiencing a mood disorder and that genetic cause was associated with a reduced implicit bias against major depression. Furthermore, each study pointed to the centrality of judgments of differentness in determining affective responses and direct and proxy measures of behaviour. In contrast, manipulation of genetic and psychosocial cause in Study 5 found that causal condition largely failed to impact upon student attitudes. Mediator analysis did, however, find that beliefs about the stability of the vignette actor's condition fully mediated the relationship between the negative influence of genetic cause on proxy helping behaviour. Manipulation of psychosocial, genetic and biochemical cause with the inclusion of a non-depressed control in Study 6 resulted in more ambiguous findings. The combination of findings from Studies 1 to 6 suggest that focusing on the impact of the controllability of cause of depression onset on student attitudes is unwarranted. Instead researchers and public health educators should be examining models which facilitate the examination of the cognitive factors that mediate these relationships. Two such models, namely the social-cognitive and sociological models of stigma, were found to adequately fit the data. Recommendations for integrating these two models of stigma are discussed.

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Liu, Qiaoming. « Social support for the frail elderly at two kinds of retirement communities ». PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4098.

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As few studies focus explicitly on social support for residents by residents in retirement communities which have staff, this thesis is designed to explore the nature of informal social support among residents at planned, non-subsidized retirement care facilities: the types, the amount, the impact, the limitation and the appropriateness of such support. Our focus is to explore whether different organization of a retirement community affects social support among residents, so we compare two retirement care facilities. One provides single-level care for its residents and the other provides multiple-level care. We chose our two sites from retirement care facilities in the City of Portland, Oregon. We generated our data by interviewing residents who live independently in the two retirement communities.

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高小蘭 et Siu-lan Ko. « Mainland migrant sex workers in Hong Kong : a sociological study ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31227405.

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Faloore, Omiyinka Olutola. « Faith-based organisations and social reintegration of recovering drug-addicts in South-Western Nigeria : a sociological evaluation ». Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5741.

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Against the backdrop of debates and contestations in the literature on the efficacy of interventions of Faith-based organisations (FBOs) with regard to vulnerable people, this study subjects the social reintegration programmes of three selected FBOs working with recovering drug-addicts in South-western Nigeria to a sociological scrutiny so as to understand the social character, effectiveness and local appropriateness of their programmes. Specifically, the study examined the key attributes of the social reintegration programmes offered by the selected FBOs as well as the level and extent of compliance of such programmes with the prescriptions and idealisations as enunciated in relevant global and national policies and institutional frameworks. The theoretical underpinning of this study was derived from assumptions of structural-functionalism of Durkheim and Expectancy disconfirmation theory. Adopting an exploratory approach, the study utilised a blend of survey, key informant interviews, in-depth interviews, observation and document review to gather data. Survey data were collected from a random sample of 156 inmates of the social reintegration facilities of three (3) FBOs in Oyo, Ogun and Lagos states in South-West Nigeria. Qualitative data were sourced through 15 in-depth interviews, 9 key informant interviews and scientific information generated from observation and document review. The quantitative data gathered were analysed using descriptive statistics, while the qualitative data were processed with the use of content analysis. Findings from the study indicate that the selected FBOs have only recorded little success in terms of addressing the social needs of the inmates. For one thing, FBOs’ detoxification programme for recovering drug-addicts tilted more towards human rights violation than serve as an exercise that aided recovery. One key finding was that there was a huge disconnect between global prescriptions on social reintegration services and what the selected FBOs offered to the inmates. The study concluded from its findings that any social reintegration programmes aimed at protecting recovering drug-addicts from further social exclusion and facilitate their social inclusion in South-West Nigeria must extend beyond mere spiritual provisioning to upholding their rights to human dignity and providing opportunities and tools that address their crucial social needs in terms of housing, education, vocation and employment.

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Agbedahin, Komlan. « Young veterans, not always social misfits : a sociological discourse of Liberian transmogrification experiences ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003104.

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This thesis examines the phenomenon of child-soldiering from a different perspective. It seeks to challenge, using a novel approach, earlier studies on the roles of former child-soldiers in post-war societies. It focuses on the subjectivity of young veterans, that is war veterans formerly associated with armed forces and groups as children during the 14-year gruesome civil war which bedevilled Liberia between 1989 and 2003. This civil war claimed roughly 250,000 lives, and saw the active participation of approximately 21,000 child-soldiers. This thesis departs from previous works which mostly painted an apocalyptic picture of young veterans, and explores the nexus between their self-agency, Foucauldian technologies of the self and their transformation in the post-war society. The majority of previous scholarly works which have dominated the field of child-soldiering dwelt on the impact of armed conflict on the child-soldiers, the negative consequences, the causes of child-soldiering, and the rehabilitation and reintegration of the young veterans after their disarmament and demobilization. What this thesis seeks to do however, is to establish that, rather than considering the young veterans simply as social misfits, distraught and dispirited human beings, it should be noted that young veterans through their agency, are capable of ensuring their reintegration into their war-ravaged societies. Sadly, these young former fighters’ self-agency and technologies of the self in defining their civilian trajectories have often been overshadowed by vaunted humanitarian aid and multilayered war-profiteering. This study is underpinned by interpretive constructivism, symbolic interactionism, social identity theory, sociometer theory and expectancy theory, and sheds light on how young veterans’ self-agency, instrumental coalitions, and decision-making processes, synergistically shifted the negative identities foisted on them as a result of their participation in the war.

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Blanchard, Samantha Everhart. « Understanding the Experience of Air Force Single Parents : A Phenomenological Study ». PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/621.

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Today, raising children under the best of circumstances represents a daunting endeavor as any parent and a growing body of research confirm. When a single parent is on active duty in one of the U.S. armed forces, there are additional challenges involved that may not exist among civilian counterparts. The phenomenon of single parents on active duty with its unique difficulties associated both with single parenting and with military service was the basis of this study. The purpose of the research was twofold: to describe the experiences of Air Force single parents as related to social support and work-life theory in the context of bureaucracy and to use that understanding to identify needed improvements in support services. The specific aim of this study was to gain an understanding of single parents in the military through a phenomenological approach. Purposive sampling was utilized to identify the 13 participants. The central question for the study was the following: What are the experiences of single parents serving on active duty in the United States Air Force? The seven themes that were identified as part of the single parent experience were: (a) transition to single parent in the Air Force, (b) better life (c) parental responsibilities, (d) work responsibilities, (e) support provided by the work organizations, (f) informal social supports, and (g) work-life conflict. Major findings include the importance of family-friendly supervisors that alleviated work-family conflict. Participants also noted the military family as being significant to their adjustment and acceptance of military life. Finally, participants were seeking a better life for themselves and their children by either joining as a single parent or deciding to stay as a single parent. This study offers an opportunity to change policy and practice to enhance and encourage the retention of single parents. One application of study findings is the reexamination of the Family Care Plan to alleviate work-family conflict. Another area identified for practice enhancement is the education and training of family-friendly supervisors.

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Mushonga, Allan. « A sociological analysis of Southern African AIDS Trust's capacity-development model in responding to HIV and AIDS ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013261.

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The issues of capacity and capacity development in the response to HIV and AIDS is a topic of intense academic interest and is on the agenda of development practitioners, particularly as these issues are linked to community HIV and AIDS competence and sustainability of civil society organisations and community capacity. The capacity development model of the Southern African AIDS Trust is one of the more illuminating examples of capacity development of civil society organisations for the enhancement of community HIV and AIDS competence in southern Africa. The thesis examines the conceptualisation and implementation of the Southern African AIDS Trust's capacity development model in order to identify and understand the multi-dimensional factors that influence the success and sustainability of HIV and AIDS responses. It argues that, even though the conceptualisation, formulation and implementation of the model were appropriate and yielded acceptable benefits to communities in relation to HIV and AIDS, the sustainability of the model depended fundamentally on the availability of requisite resources. The dependence on external resources, the availability of which is in large part beyond the control of the Southern African AIDS Trust and its community-based beneficiaries, undercuts the sustainability of the model and the programmes delivered through it. Community capacities and community-based HIV and AIDS responses are sustainable only to the extent that communities have sufficient resources to build capacities and develop responses, or can leverage and negotiate external inputs. The degeneration of capacity in intermediary organisations (such as Southern African AIDS Trust) that support community competence undermines models that at first sight seem suitable for effective capacity enhancement with regard to HIV and AIDS programmes. In this regard, the thesis also focuses on the organisational crisis within Southern African AIDS Trust and the ramifications this had for community HIV and AIDS competence.

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Williams, Kevin. « Using experiential learning to facilitate pharmacy students' understanding of patients' medication practice in chronic illness ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003955.

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This study originates from experiences which led me to question the way pharmacists are equipped to advise and support the medicine-taking practice of patients using chronic medication. The study offers a critical theoretical consideration of underlying perspectives informing pharmacy education. I propose following a critical realist ontological perspective, a social realist understanding of social structure and human agency, and a sociocultural epistemology. Based on these perspectives, I consider a sociological critique of ‘health’, ‘disease’, ‘illness’ and ‘sickness’ perspectives on medicine-taking, and of pharmacy as a profession. I then propose an experiential learning approach, with an emphasis on developing reflexivity through affective learning. I follow this with an illustrative case study. Following a critical discourse analysis of student texts from the case study, I conclude that there is evidence that experiential learning may prove useful in developing pharmacy students’ reflexive competency to support the provision of pharmaceutical care to patients using chronic medications.

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Wedgwood, Nikki. « We have contact ! : women, girls and boys playing Australian Rules football : combat sports, gendered embodiment and the gender order ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2000. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27819.

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This study investigates both the reproduction and subversion of patriarchal gender relations in sport, with a particular focus on gendered embodiment. The research is fuelled by feminist concerns, especially women's embodied resistance to male domination. It is comprised of case studies of three Australian Rules football teams - a women's, a schoolgirls' and a schoolboys' team. The case studies are based on life-history interviews with players. Data was also collected through participant observation with all three teams. The data are analysed as both individual case studies and also in groups and the analysis is informed by Connell’s (1995) theories of gender construction and gendered embodiment.

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Sukontapatipak, Songkwun. « International students' reliance on home-country related internet use ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2899.

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The present study draws on uses and gratifications and media system dependency perspectives for examining factors related to Internet usage behaviors of international students and their motives to use their home-country Internet resources.

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Collier, James H. « Scientific discourse, sociological theory, and the structure of rhetoric ». Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11102009-020217/.

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Walters, Handri. « Religion, intolerance, and social identity ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4175.

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Thesis (MA (Political Science))--Stellenbosch University, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Over the past few decades the secular world has witnessed an increasing assault, specifically from the monotheistic religious fundamentalist community, on their beliefs and values. The undeniable intolerance shown by the religious fundamentalist community has often translated into violent terrorist attacks against the secular world. The fact that religious beings can resort to such atrocious acts of violence has certainly baffled many onlookers. It surely comes as no surprise that religious fundamentalism is generally viewed as a ''hard-to-understand‟ phenomenon. This literature review will describe the ''hard-to-understand‟ phenomenon that is religious fundamentalism by employing social identity theory. The social identity of religious fundamentalists is generally derived from sacred texts and what they consider to be absolute truths. These presumed absolute truths not only provide ample opportunity for the development of the ''us‟/''them‟ duality, but also provide a platform for an intense intolerance of the ''other‟, also referred to as the out-group. Of course, the ''us‟/''them‟ duality can be created on many social dimensions, but religion has proven to bring quite an extensive, even murderous, intolerance to in- and out-group characterizations. The ever increasing actions of religious fundamentalist groups over the past few decades have certainly illustrated this point with some conviction. The importance of social identity has been recognised in many major traditions of the social sciences, not excluding political science. Social identity forms the basis of any group‟s actions or reactions. Therefore, its significance stretches far beyond simply providing an identity to a social group. Social identity also acts as a preamble to how a social group, in this case religious fundamentalists, chooses to deal with invidious comparisons. By employing social identity in this particular way we can go beyond investigating how religious fundamentalists act and react to the point of understanding why they act and react the way they do. In this study it was found that although a number of options to deal with invidious comparisons are available to social groups, only a few of these options are likely to be pursued by religious fundamentalists in order to remain a relevant and competitive social group within the social hierarchy. This approach will provide important insights into a formerly ''hard-to-understand‟ phenomenon namely religious fundamentalism.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Oor die laaste paar dekades het die sekulêre wêreld 'n toenemende aanslag op sy oortuigings en waardes waargeneem, spesifiek vanaf die monoteïstiese godsdienstige fundamentalistiese gemeenskap. Die onloënbare onverdraagsaamheid wat deur hierdie godsdienstige fundamentalistiese gemeenskap getoon word ontaard dikwels in geweldadige terroriste aanvalle op die sekulêre wêreld. Die feit dat godsdienstige individue hulself begwewe tot sulke wreedaaardige dade van geweld het verseker baie toeskouers verydel. Dis is sekerlik dan nie 'n verrassing dat godsdienstige fundamentalisme gesien word as 'n ''moelik-om-te-begryp‟ fenomeen nie. Hierdie literatuur oorsig sal die ''moelik-om-te-begryp‟ fenomeen wat godsdienstige fundamentalisme is beskryf deur gebruik te maak van die sosiale identiteits teorie. Die sosiale identiteit van godsdienstige fundamentaliste spruit oor die algemeen uit heilige teks en absolute waarhede. Hierdie absolute waarhede bied nie slegs ruim geleenthede vir die ontwikkeling van die ''ons‟/''hulle‟ dualiteit nie, maar bied ook 'n platform vir 'n intense onverdraagsaamheid van die 'ander‟, wat ook verwys word na as die buite-groep. Natuurlik kan die ''ons‟/''hulle‟ dualiteit op grond van baie ander sosiale dimensies ontwikkel word, maar godsdiens het telke male al gedemonstreer dat dit 'n omvattende, selfs moordadige, onverdraagsaamheid na binne- en buite-groep karakterisering bring. Die al ewige toenemende aksies van godsdienstige fundamentalistiese groepe oor die laaste paar dekades illustreer sekerlik hierdie punt met oortuiging. Die belangrikheid van sosiale identiteit word erken deur verskeie tradisies van die sosiale wetenskappe en politieke wetenskap word nie hier uitgesluit nie. Sosiale identiteit vorm die basis van enige groep se aksies en reaksies. Vir hierdie rede strek die betekenisvoheid ver verby die feit dat slegs 'n identiteit aan 'n sosiale groep verskaf word. Sosiale identiteit tree op as 'n voorrede vir die manier waarop 'n sosiale groep, in ons geval godsdienstige fundamentaliste, verkies om onbenydenswaardige vergelykings te hanteer. Deur sosiale identiteit op hierdie besondere manier aan te spreek kan ons verder gaan as om slegs ondersoek in te stel in hoe godsdienstige fundamentaliste optree en reageer tot die punt waar ons kan verstaan hoekom hulle optree en reageer op hierdie spesifieke manier. In hierdie studie is gevind dat alhoewel daar 'n aantal opsies beskikbaar is vir sosiale groepe om onbenydenswaardige vergelykings te hanteer, is daar slegs 'n paar van hierdie opsies wat mees waarskynlik nagestreef sal word deur godsdienstige fundamentaliste ten 'n einde 'n relevante en kompeterende sosiale groep binne die sosial hïerargie te wees. Hierdie benadering sal belangrike insigte bring tot die voormalige 'moeilik-om-te-begryp‟ fenomeen genaamd godsdienstige fundamentalisme.

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Ou, Po-Hsiang. « Climate change v Eurozone crisis : social and economic views of risk in inter-expert risk communication ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f3619fc5-fd2a-483b-92b5-94aa90ce13d1.

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This DPhil thesis discusses how two divergent risk conceptions, a 'social view' and an 'economic view' of risk, are constructed through inter-expert risk communication. Different and sometimes contradictory concepts of risk are mobilised in regulatory practice, but the origins of these divergent risk conceptions are not extensively studied. This thesis seeks to unpack this divergence. Empirically, I analyse risk communication among experts in the European Union (EU) during the creation of two risk regulation standards. The two case studies, one related to the development of the two-degree target of EU climate policies (the climate case) and the other about the negotiation of the excessive deficit criteria of the Maastricht Treaty (the euro case), can shed light on the relations between risk conceptions and inter-expert risk communication. I argue that through risk communication, an initial 'view' of risk can be entrenched and developed into a paradigmatic 'risk conception'. My analysis uses historical and sociological institutionalism, by focusing on path dependence of risk communication and social construction risk conceptions among EU experts. Through the two case studies, I identify four analytical dimensions of inter-expert risk communication: networks (the institutional setting and relationships between different experts), cultures (the mentalities of experts in relation to discussing risks), dynamics (the actual processes of transmitting and receiving risk messages) and strategies (the rationales supporting the decisions of risk regulation standards). My thematic analysis reveals four key distinct 'features' of social/economic views of risk: expertise (the types of knowledge mobilised), normality (characterising risk as either 'special' or 'routine'), probability (considering risk as either uncertain or calculable) and impact (seeing risk as either negative or positive). I argue that these four features can help explain the construction of risk conceptions, and more broadly, provide an analytical framework for studying how views of risk evolve and interact over time.

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Gao, Chunyuan. « China's new generation migrant workers and anomie social momentum and modes of adoption ». HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/264.

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Using anomie theory, in this paper it is argued that the new generation migrant workers (NGMWs) in China are not only receptors under structures, but also a reactive force towards those structures. However, anomie theory has faced theoretical ambiguities, controversies and misunderstandings. It also lacks the power to explain micro-to-macro relationships. For these reasons, anomie theory is first clarified and refined in this study based on its classical roots. It is then further developed by introducing the concept of social momentum to mend its theoretical lacuna. It is argued that anomie naturally reflects structural discoordination at the macro level, and that deviance and normlessness, although typically seen as indicators of anomie, are only its symptomatic presentations. Furthermore, social momentum, determined by the quantity, solidarity and modes of adaption, reveals the capacity of a social category to influence structural relationships. This study demonstrates that China entered a comparatively anomic age after its economic reform. The NGMWs can be considered as a potential antithesis to anomie in China, as implied by certain qualities of their uniqueness indicated in earlier studies. The NGMWs’ social momentum is analysed according to a field study carried out by the author in 2015 in Shanghai and the 2011 Chinese Social Survey (CSS 2011). The data from the survey and study are used to discuss whether the NGMWs will help to remedy anomie. The findings show that (1) the NGMWs’ social momentum is strong but segmental and fragile due to the primary level solidarity of them, i.e., they lack a strong identity, and (2) the directions of their social momentum can be narrowed to two undetermined modes. The NGMWs tend to aggravate the symptoms of anomie, as they are weakly attached to cultural norms. However, they have an uncertain and not yet fully formed effect on the essence of anomie.

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Shum, Siu-ying Isis, et 岑小瑩. « The exploration of the school knowledge in sociological perspectives : a case study of a secondary schoolsubject "social studies" ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31958977.

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Laurikkala, Minna. « DIFFERENT TIME, SAME PLACE, SAME STORY ? A SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION PERSPECTIVE TO EXAMINING JUVENILE HOMICIDES ». Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4405.

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In 2007, juveniles were involved in a minimum of 1,063 murders in the United States (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2008), and a concern over juvenile homicide offenders remains. While increasingly more macrolevel research on juvenile homicide offending has been accumulated, particularly since the 1980s, research focusing on macrolevel correlates of juvenile homicides is still relatively scarce (MacDonald & Gover, 2005; Ousey & Campbell Augustine, 2001). In the first part of this study, several variables relating to the offender, victim, setting, and precursors to the homicide by race and gender were examined in order to provide details on the context of youth homicides between 1965 and 1995 in Chicago. The Homicides in Chicago, 1965-1995 data set and Census data for 1970, 1980, and 1990 were used in this study. The results indicate that changes in youth homicides over the 31-year time period involved increases in lethal gang altercations, particularly among Latinos, and increases in the use of automatic weapons. Young females had very little impact on homicide rates in Chicago. The second part of the study examined whether measures of social disorganization can aid in the prediction of homicides committed by youths, and a total of ten negative binomial models were run. The results of the analyses in the three time periods indicate that racial/ethnic heterogeneity, educational deprivation, unemployment, and family disruption are significantly and positively related to homicides. Foreign-born population and median household income were found to be significantly and negatively related to homicides. The significant indicators of social disorganization varied in the seven models for the disaggregated groups. Overall, the results reflect support for social disorganization theory. Limitations, suggestion for future research, and policy implications are also addressed.
Ph.D.
Department of Sociology
Sciences
Sociology

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Crawford, Phillip M. « Culture and Consensus : The Use of Mathematical Models to Examine a Culture of Sports in the Portland Metropolitan Area ». PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4721.

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The question of what constitutes a culture has often been answered in one phrase: shared knowledge. Recent developments in both the theory and mathematics of examining this shared cultural knowledge allow researchers to produce mathematical models of informants' knowledge and perceptions of the culture they belong to. Many studies in cognitive anthropology have utilized these theoretical and mathematical tools: the present research sought to integrate a research design (based on the theory and mathematics mentioned above) with a relatively new cultural domain: the culture of sports. Three main question pertaining to cultural knowledge were addressed in this research: 1) Did an informant's behavioral embeddedness in sports correspond to their cognitive embeddedness? 2) Did informants' behavioral embeddedness (as a qroup) affect their perceptions of the sports culture they belonqed to? 3) Did informants' coqnitive embeddedness (as a qroup) affect their perceptions of the sports culture they belonged to? Behavioral embeddedness was measured using an instrument that contained 96 bioqraphical variables primarily designed to investigate an informant's participation in sports. Cognitive embeddedness was measured using an instrument based on consensus theory. Subjects' perceptions (called "world view" in this study) of sports were based on their judgements of similarities and differences among 10 sports. These judgements were evoked by triadic analysis. Both consensus theory and triadic analysis followed the framework laid out in Romney and Weller's systematic Data Analysis. Sixty-six informants completed a self-administered survey containing the three parts mentioned above. Because of the nature of the sample used, this study was treated as an ethnography. It was hypothesized that a) behavioral and cognitive embeddedness were correlated and, b) more culturally embedded individuals would have more "sophisticated" perceptions of sports culture. The first hypothesis was not supported: only weak correlations were found between cognitive embeddedness and variables measuring behavioral embeddedness. For the second hypothesis, the exact opposite was found: the more culturally embedded groups of informants had less "sophisticated" perceptions of the sports culture they belonged to.

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Jaffray, Penny. « Society, the body and pain : sociological factors in assessing the meaning and experience of pain in myalgic encephalomyelitis ("yuppie flu") sufferers ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008381.

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This thesis explores the meaning and experience of the bodily states associated with the condition referred to as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME). It uses as a theoretical point of departure an understanding of the body as a socially constructed phenomenon and, in so dOing, offers an interpretation of illness that is seen to differ markedly from those offered by the medical and behavioural sciences. Using descriptive narrative research analysis, the thesis attempts to elicit personal trajectories of illness experience. In contrast to biomedical and social trajectories of illness, in which the interpretation and meaning given to the condition are imposed externally, personal trajectories are seen to provide unique subjective accounts of illness experience. And the value of using narrative accounts of illness is seen to lie in their ability to bring to light these individualised versions of illness experience. It is shown, in addition, that these narrative accounts of illness are also valuable in exposing the culturally shared knowledge that is employed in the process of assigning meaning to illness experiences. The aim of the thesis, then, in employing the descriptive narrative research method is to describe these shared cultural schemas. It is suggested that this approach leads to an interpretation of illness experience which sheds light on important links between the body, self and society. It is argued, more specifically, that Western capitalist society is associated with the creation of an "unnatural" environment and social context which is perceived to be inherently damaging and threatening to the well·being of those living in it; and that this assumption is pivotal to the interpretation of the illness experiences narrated and analysed for the thesis. This sociological reading of embodiment provides a basis for understanding the experience of illness, as not one simply embedded in the body or mind of the individual, but as one laden with personal meaning assimilated from, and hence revealing of, the social context in which the illness is experienced. As such, an attempt is made to provide an account of illness experience distinct from the dominant biomedical and behavioural accounts of ME.

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Colby, Jason Wayne. « The effects of housing on the biological, psychological, and sociological functioning of homeless persons with Human Immuno Deficiency Virus/Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2379.

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The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of housing services on the bio-psycho-social functioning of homeless persons with HIV/AIDS. Ideally, taking a homeless person with HIV/AIDS and returning them to a healthy state would be a goal of any social service intervention.

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Huang, Ping. « Reformulating Buddhism and making a global social movement : a sociological study of the Tzu Chi Foundation in Taiwan and Hong Kong ». HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1214.

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Mellor, Sharon Jean. « The use of drawings for rapport building with international adoptees and parents ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1691.

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"The influx of children adopted into the United States from other countries has increased the need for social workers experienced in practice techniques that asssist in building rapport between the parents and children in these newly formed families. This study explored the use of employing the kinetic family drawing as a tool to build rapport between parents and children. This was an exploratory multiple case design. Six families participated in the process of drawing a picture of their family engaged in an activity together. It was anticipated that the drawings would be an effective tool to build rapport between parent and child."

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Sanders, Ben. « Towards a level playing field -a case study of the challenges facing NGOs using sport for development within the educational system in South Africa ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/1935.

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Magister Artium (Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science) - MA(SRES)
The overall aim of the study was to determine the opportunities and challenges NGOs encounter when using sport as a vehicle for development within the education system, in post-apartheid South Africa. A case study design has been chosen since it will offer real insight, showing how specific sports programmes work in specific contexts. Two NGOs, Grassroot Soccer (GRS) and the Extra-Mural Education Project (EMEP) constitute the cases, with an in-depth exploration of their work and the challenges they face. The study population includes employees of GRS, EMEP, target groups of the organisations and officials in the Department of Education. Key informants, including the head of research, managing directors, coaching/training staff at each organisation, officials in the Department of Education and community leaders were purposively selected to participate in the study. Data was collected by means of in-depth interviews, document reviews and observations. In-depth interviews were conducted with the head of research, managing directors, coaching and training staff at each organisation, principals and teachers of selected schools and community leaders. The analysis of the interviews started with the transcription of information from audio-tape recordings. Both pre-determined and emerging themes were noted. The results illustrated that although certain challenges were common to both organisations, others are unique.
South Africa

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Tonkonoff, Sergio Steban. « A obscuridade e o espelho : notas para uma teoria da delinquencia ». [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280709.

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Orientador: Maria Suely Kofes
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Nosso ponto de partida é o corpo coletivo. Corpo entendido como uma multiplicidade de forças colidentes, atravessadas pelo registro da imagem e o excesso de sentido. Para que exista sociedade estas forças e sentidos devem ser fixadas, organizadas e hierarquizadas num sistema de significação capaz de 1) definir uma rede estruturada de significados, 2) normalizar o desejo e 3) lhe prover satisfação; é dizer, capaz de produzir o social como uma ordem simbólica. Isto é possível por meio de uma serie de exclusões fundantes ou limites antagônicos. O que instituem estes limites e o proibido e o permitido, o justo e o injusto, o possível e o impossível; e tal vez mais elementarmente um dentro e um fora, um acima e um abaixo. Estes limites antagônicos estabelecem então ao social como um campo de ¿visibilidade¿ e de ¿dizebilidade¿. Ou, dito pela negativa, o social se institui sempre produzindo um indizível e um invisível. Um resíduo que, por quanto não pode ser nomeado, não existe na ¿realidade¿, mas isso não impede que produza efeitos como Real. O crime, postularemos, é um deles. O crime é um tipo de acontecimento vinculado á alteridade de um socius elementar (de caráter fundamentalmente afetivo) e a uns antagonismos sócias que são negados no estabelecimento e na reprodução de uma ordem sócio-simbólica determinada, e cuja emergência experimenta-se como violência feita a essa ordem. A característica principal deste tipo de violência e a de se manifestar de um modo aleatório e exterior aos mecanismos socialmente estabelecidos para sua descarga. Por quanto o crime implica um Excesso para a ordem das diferenças, carece de lugar fixo, e resulta impossível atribui-lhe uma origem precisa. Inaugura então um território de limites equívocos. E aquele que o atualize provocará um desclassamento cognitivo, que por estar vinculado a proibições fundamentais, será também um shock afetivo. Esse é o ponto específico aonde o pensamento mítico se faz cargo desta experiência. O mito falando a linguagem dos afeitos violentos, retira ao imputado da serie do ¿semelhante¿, e o converte, não num outro, mais num completamente outro. Isso impede toda posta em perspectiva, toda vinculação positiva com o conjunto do qual é arrancado. Nesse sentido pode se dizer que o criminoso é um ponto de imputação do Real, e que seu acontecimento e capaz de produzir estados de multidão em aqueles espactadores habitualmente sujeitos a rotina e a lei
Abstract: Our starting point is the collective body. Body as a multiplicity of fighting forces, traveled through by the register of the image and the excess of sense. For that society exist these forces and senses should be fixed and organized in a significance system of capable of 1) define a net of structured meanings, 2) normalize the desire and 3) satisfies it; that is, capable to produce the social as symbolic order. This is possible by means of a series of foundational exclusions or antagonistic limits. These limits institute the prohibited and the permitted, the justice and the unjust one, the possible and the impossible; and, may be in a more elemental way, the inside and the outside, the high and the low. These antagonistic limits establish then the social as a field of "visibility" and of "speakability". Or, it said by the negative one, the social is instituted always by producing an unspeakable and an invisible zone. A residue that, because it cannot be nominated, does not exist in the "reality", but it does not stop to produce effects as Real. The crime, we will request, is one of them. Crime is a kind of event linked to the alterity of a elemental socius (of a affectivity character) and to a social antagonisms that were denied in the establishment of a determined socio-symbolic order, and whose emergency is experienced as violence made to that order. Because the crime implies an excess for the order of the differences, it lacks a fixed place, and turns out to be impossible to attribute it an precise origin. It inaugurates then a territory of indefinite limits. And the one who actualize it will provoke a cognitive des classification and a affective shock in those who assist to these event. That it is the specific point where the mythological thought appears in this experience. The myth, speaking the language of the accustomed violent one, withdraw the imputed individual of the series of the "similar", and converts him or her, not in a other, but in a completely Other. That stops all posts in perspective, all positive linking with the assembly of which this individual is pulled out. In that sense is possible to be said that the criminal is a point of imputation of the Real, and that criminal event is capable of produce states of crowd in those spectators habitually subjects the routine and the law
Doutorado
Doutor em Sociologia

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Salvador, Mariléa Borges de Lima. « Serviço Social, teoria social de Marx e a direção política da profissão ». Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21726.

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The thesis investigates the relation between the Social Service and Marx's social theory, seeking to know the political direction the profession has taken to consolidate the Critical Social Service, from the approach with the Marxist tradition without the Marxian thought until the encounter with the work of Marx. Starting from the hypothesis that the Social Service has its genesis in the conservative politics of the capitalist State, that such conservatism expresses the reformist political direction advocated by that State as a protector and maintainer organ of the interests of the capitalist class, and that the conservative / reformist character of the profession persists to the present day challenging the profession political nature interventionist character committed to a professional exercise immersed in the critique of political economy, in the understanding of social service as a profession inserted in the socio-technical division of labor and sustained by the ethical principle of the intransigent defense of the interests of working class, the thesis is the result of a bibliographical research with the effective instrumental of the investigative process execution defined by the systematic study of the literature concerning the question of the relation established between the Social Service and Marx's social theory conveyed in the written and spoken works disseminated with their theoretical contributions in books, websites, videos and backed by the historical and theoretical foundations of the profession explained by the Marxist critical theoretical matrix and constituted from the 1960s following the social question and consolidated in the years 1980. The first part of the text discusses the meeting of the Social Service with Marxist thought emphasizing the sociohistorical and ideopolitical antecedents of the social service and social theory of Marx relation occurred in the contexts of the social question produced by the capitalist social reproduction in Europe, Latin America and Brazil. In the second debate the construction of the Critical Social Service with the Marxist critical theoretical matrix and the conception of the Social Service as an institutionalized profession oriented by the movement of rupture intention that the profession agreed to carry out as a way to suppress the traditional and conservative bias in which the profession was based. The third part deals with the limitations, contradictions and possibilities in the political direction of critical social service on the way to the emancipation of the working class
A tese investiga a relação entre o Serviço Social com a teoria social de Marx buscando conhecer a direção política que a profissão tem tomado para consolidar o Serviço Social Crítico, desde a aproximação com a tradição marxista sem o pensamento marxiano até o encontro com a obra de Marx. Partindo da hipótese de que o Serviço Social tem sua gênese na política conservadora do Estado capitalista, que esse conservadorismo expressa a direção política reformista preconizada por esse Estado enquanto órgão protetor e mantenedor dos interesses da classe capitalista, e que o caráter conservador/reformista da profissão persiste até os dias atuais desafiando a natureza política da profissão de caráter interventivo comprometida com um exercício profissional imerso na crítica da economia política, na compreensão do serviço social como profissão inserida na divisão sociotécnica do trabalho e sustentada pelo princípio ético da defesa intransigente dos interesses da classe trabalhadora, a tese é resultado de pesquisa bibliográfica com o efetivo instrumental de execução do processo investigatório definido pelo estudo sistemático da literatura concernente a questão da relação que se estabelece entre o Serviço Social e a teoria social de Marx veiculada nas obras escritas, faladas e divulgadas com seus aportes teóricos em livro, sites, vídeos e respaldada nos fundamentos históricos e teóricos da profissão explicados pela matriz teórico crítica marxista e constituídos a partir da década de 1960, na esteira da questão social e consolidado nos anos de 1980. Na primeira parte do texto debate-se o encontro do Serviço Social com o pensamento marxista enfatizando os antecedentes socio-históricos e ideopolíticos da relação serviço social e teoria social de Marx, ocorridos nos contextos da questão social produzida pela reprodução social capitalista na Europa, na América Latina e no Brasil. Na segunda debate-se a construção do Serviço Social Crítico com a matriz teórico crítica marxista e a concepção do Serviço Social como profissão institucionalizada orientada pelo movimento de intenção de ruptura que a profissão pactuou em realizar como forma de suprimir o viés tradicional e conservador que fundamentava a profissão. Na terceira parte aborda-se as limitações, contradições e possibilidades na direção política do serviço social crítico a caminho da emancipação da classe trabalhadora

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Vieira, Sergio Luiz de Souza. « Do Serviço Social no Brasil e da questão socioambiental do século XXI : uma abordagem à ecologia de Marx ». Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20118.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The humanity experiences new moments of uncertainty. We came to the 21st century of the Christian was in the midst of the astonishment of the finite support of life on the planet, due to the affectations in the biosphere. Given this dramatic context, the UN - United Nations has made constant calls for all social segments to reflect on their environmental responsibilities. In this sense, this thesis seeks to provide new reflections on the historical sense of Social Work in contemporary times and seeks to draw attention to the socio-environmental aspects that are articulated with the legal attributions of the profession in Brazil. Part of the realization that the social misery and social question identified in the 19 st century by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were in fact disputes over the different uses of natural resources, therefore, it is shown that they were expressions of the socio-environmental question. It has as theoretical support the ecological aspects addressed by Marx throughout his works, from his doctoral thesis. In this it is evident that such author, who is referential in Social Work, had great concern with the environment. The fact that the third generation of human rights includes environmental preservation is also aligned with this aspect. Thus, due to the ethical principle of the intransigent defense of Human Rights, all Social Workers are deontologically committed to reviewing their knowledge and doing, perhaps, to promote new professional reconception, necessary, therefore, to meet the demands that arise in function of these Signs of time. It is an exploratory research whose result seeks to clarify a context. The methodology used dialectics, interviews, field research, bibliographic sources, documents and correlational studies
A humanidade vive novos momentos de incerteza. Chegamos ao século XXI da era cristã em meio ao assombro da finitude dos suportes de vida no planeta, em função das afetações na biosfera. Diante deste contexto dramático, a ONU – Organização das Nações Unidas, tem feito constantes apelos para que todos os segmentos sociais reflitam sobre suas responsabilidades ambientais. Neste sentido esta tese busca propiciar novas reflexões sobre o sentido histórico do Serviço Social na contemporaneidade e busca chamar a atenção para os aspectos socioambientais que se articulam com as atribuições legais da profissão no Brasil. Parte da compreensão de que a miséria social e a questão social identificadas no século XIX por Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels eram na realidade disputas pelos diferentes usos dos recursos naturais, portanto, demonstra-se que eram expressões da questão socioambiental. Tem como suporte teórico os aspectos ecológicos abordados por Marx ao longo de suas obras, desde sua tese doutoral. Nisto se evidencia que tal autor, que é referencial no Serviço Social, teve grande preocupação com o meio ambiente. Alinha-se com tal aspecto o fato da terceira geração dos Direitos Humanos incluir também a preservação ambiental. Deste modo, pelo princípio ético da defesa intransigente dos Direitos Humanos, todos os Assistentes Sociais estão deontologicamente comprometidos a rever seus saberes e fazeres, quiçá, a promoverem nova reconceituação profissional, necessária, portanto, para os enfrentamentos das demandas que se apresentam em função destes sinais dos tempos. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória cujo resultado busca aclarar um contexto. A metodologia utilizou-se da dialética, de entrevistas, de pesquisa de campo, fontes bibliográficas, documentos e estudos correlacionais

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Murrillo, Dora. « Impact of the new welfare policies on the morale of selected public sector social workers ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1563.

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Phillips, Sarah Elizabeth. « The relationship between person-organization fit, attribution theory, and psychological contract violations within organizational settings ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2291.

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Mathonsi, Everance July. « The role of social cohesion in the implementation of a Local Economic Development (LED) programme : a case study for the Polokwane area ». Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2004.

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Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2016.
The study seeks to establish whether social cohesion is a factor for the success or failure of an LED project. This process is important as there is a need to understand what are some of the factors that are integral to the functioning of LED projects to the extent of them (the LED projects) serving the intended purpose. There seems to be a general understanding that projects would naturally thrive albeit without proper understanding of the reasons thereof. This study seeks to provide for an understanding on the part of participants in projects as well as to the stakeholders that would support such projects of the probable factors that would lead to the success or failure of projects. This is very important as such factors need consistent consideration. The study focussed only on active participants of a LED projects within the geographical area of Polokwane over the period of the study. These projects were supported by the Polokwane Municipality as well as the Limpopo Department of Agriculture. Within this context the researcher argues that social cohesion is imperative for the success or failure of LED projects. It is also further argued that the projects‟ successes or failures are not solely in economic terms but also on the social bonds that hold together communities or members of projects that have a common goal or objective. A quantitative research method was used to gather data. A random sample of 85 respondents was interviewed by the researcher from both successful and failed projects. The data were analysed using the SPSS software with specific focus on Chi-square analysis. The study found that social cohesion is a factor for the success or failure of an LED project. Further it was established that factors such as education of the respondents play a role. It is observed from the findings that these factors are important for social cohesion to be a factor for success of LED projects. Further, it has been also observed there is an opportunity to compare the influence of education separately as a factor for success against the influence of incubation. However such could be an opportunity for further studies. It has been observed that this study contributes to the understanding of the importance of social cohesion in the implementation of LED projects both those that are stakeholder supported and those that are not. There are lessons to be learned about the importance of this factor over and above the economic practices of the LED processes. This study emphasises the importance of the human and societal elements to the implementation of LED projects that may be overlooked and/or assumed to have a role although not clearly defined. The study seeks to make provision for the fact that stakeholders involved in the implementation of LED projects need to incorporate and weigh the importance of social cohesion, education and incubation as integral components for the success of an LED project over and above invested material resources. These lessons may also be transferable to projects other than LEDs that seeks to understand the success or failure in their implementations.

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Fortin, Amanda Michelle. « Exploring Communicative Aspects of Client Satisfaction, Loyalty, and Retention in a Private, Non-profit Organization : A Qualitative, Interview-Based Study of Catholic Charities ». PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1695.

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This thesis focuses on Catholic Charities (Hereafter CC), a non-profit agency that provides pregnancy and adoption support to families in times of crisis. Research and agency data reflect a positive association between the amount of time clients engage in services and the resolution of crises. Both theoretically and empirically, a key determinant of the depth and breadth of clients' engagement with both for-profit and non-profit services is their satisfaction with such services. In 2009-2010, CC's in-house, client surveys reported a decreasing level of client engagement with services. One clear trend was that clients discontinued services after thirty days or less. Against this trend, CC aims to provide social services for an extended period of time (i.e. longer than thirty days) in order to insure that clients have fully recovered from crises. In order to understand possible reasons for clients' low or short engagement rates, this thesis analyzes clients' satisfaction with CC services. Using a grounded-theory approach, twenty semi-structured interviews with former and current CC clients were analyzed for communication-based themes involving clients' satisfaction with services. Four macro-themes emerged: (1) Positive Caseworker Personality, (2) Feeling Emotionally Supported, (3) Feeling Helped, and (4) Positive Counseling Environment. Findings have implications for both theories of satisfaction and the offering and practice of CC services.

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Bosco, Estevão 1983. « Ulrick Beck = a teoria da sociedade de risco mundial ». [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278753.

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Orientador: Leila da Costa Ferreira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: O primeiro objetivo consiste em compreender e interpretar a teoria da sociedade de risco mundial elaborada por Ulrich Beck, de modo a deslindar os aspectos-chave que lhe permitem a caracterização de teoria. A definição desse objetivo como problema justifica-se pelo uso do ensaio como estratégia analítica/discursiva por parte do autor. Para tanto, a mediação teórica é estabelecida de forma imanente, definindo-se os conceitos reguladores da teoria, reflexividade e risco, como condutores da análise. As teses principais da teoria são assim delineadas, com seus dilemas específicos, inovações e possibilidades prático-teóricas. A partir disso, torna-se possível a crítica imanente, que por meio de proposições específicas, permite novas formulações conceituais, aqui circunscritas às seguintes questões: aspectos processuais do conceito de reflexividade; continuidade e descontinuidade na concepção de processo histórico-social; e a relação entre reflexividade, modernidade e incerteza, sob a perspectiva dos significados do devir social. Além dessas contribuições específicas, a pesquisa se justifica por abordar uma teoria sobre a qual não há críticas estabelecidas, apesar de sua difusão nos circuitos acadêmicos de uma sociologia globalizada, de suas contribuições significativas para a compreensão sociológica de problemas contemporâneos e das controvérsias que suscita no âmbito da justificação do argumento
Abstract: The first aim is to comprehend and interpret the theory of the world risk society, formulated by Ulrich Beck, in order to unravel the key aspects that allow its characterization as a theory. The definition of this main purpose as a research question is justified by the usage of the essay by the author as an analytical/discursive strategy. To achieve this goal, the theoretical mediation is established through an immanent perspective, in which the regulatory concepts of the theory, reflexivity and risk, are defined as the analytical conductors. The main theses of the theory are thus delineated according to their specific dilemmas, innovations and practical and theoretical possibilities. From this, the immanent critique becomes possible, allowing new conceptual formulations by means of specific propositions, which are related to the following issues: procedural aspects of the concept of reflexivity; continuity and discontinuity in the design of socio-historical process; and the relation between reflexivity, modernity and uncertainty, from the perspective of the meanings of social developments (devir social). Beyond these specific contributions, this research is justified by discussing a theory on which there is no critical review, despite its spread in the academic circuit of a global sociology, their significant contributions to the sociological comprehension of contemporary issues and also despite the controversies that the theory raises in the realm of the justification of the argument
Mestrado
Sociologia
Mestre em Sociologia

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Prado, Luis Antonio. « Patriarchy and machismo : Political, economic and social effects on women ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2623.

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This thesis focuses on patriarchy and machismo and the long lasting political, economic, and social effects that their practice has had on women in the United States and Latin America. It examines the role of the Catholic Church, political influences, social, cultural, economic and legal issues, historic issues (such as the Industrial Revolution), the importance of the family's preference for sons rather than daughters, and the differences in the raising of male and female children for their adult roles.

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Seim, Joshua David. « Erosion and Adjustment : A Bourdieuian-Inspired Analysis of Imprisonment and Release ». PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/295.

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Sociologists of punishment generally agree that the American prison exacerbates social inequality, but the mechanisms by which it does so remain somewhat fuzzy. This thesis pulls from the tradition of Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002), a canonical theorist of power and inequality, and specifically his three "thinking tools" of field, capital, and habitus, to unveil these mechanisms. Empirically, I turn to ethnographic data I collected in a minimum-security men's prison that is generally reserved for convicts who will be released to one of the three most populated counties in Oregon. I explore how soon-to-be-released prisoners (i.e., prisoners who will be released within six months) understand and prepare for their exit. Data suggest most prisoners approaching release want to adopt an honest working class style of living, and that many take proactive steps they perceive as likely to increase their chances of accessing this lifestyle (sometimes called the "straight life"). However, I argue that any (re)integrative potential emerging from these conscious and interest-oriented strategies are at risk of being trumped by two processes I title "capital erosion" and "habitus adjustment." I frame these as unintended, but nevertheless strong, consequences of imprisonment. Ultimately, I suggest imprisonment worsens existing patterns of inequality by means of draining power from the nearly powerless and disintegrating the poorly integrated.

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Kendall, Helen Jane. « The link between mental health, social and emotional vulnerability and life chances : school based early identification of socially and emotionally vulnerable adolescents in a deprived urban community ». Thesis, University of Hull, 2004. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5604.

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The objectives of this work are to: - Explore the concept of adolescent vulnerability; - Establish easily administered, reliable means of early identification of the most vulnerable; and - Suggest some school level interventions. This research focuses on adolescents in a socially deprived area. The thesis contains two parts: Part I explores the theoretical contexts, examining the social, educational and moral climate, and concludes that potential vulnerability is not being identified early enough in young people's lives for effective interventions to be implemented. The phenomenon and experience of adolescence is explored from a variety of perspectives, and various definitions of adolescence examined. The broad range of experience representing both typical and atypical adolescence is considered. A range of socio-economic factors and psychometric measures are reviewed for potential use as early indicators of vulnerability. The four screening measures chosen from the range reviewed are social deprivation, selfesteem, locus of control (LoC) and coping strategies. Social deprivation indicators establish background levels of life chances and prospects. Selfesteem is used to identify the most vulnerable; locus of control adds information about the nature of their vulnerability, and coping strategies informs potential practical interventions. Part 2 focuses on practical research. The prospects of the subject population are explored using a range of indicators, including the social and educational alienation and dysfunction of its young adolescents. Six hypotheses are defined and the selected psychometric tools piloted and administered on all of Year 7 of the subject school. Pupils are identified as either vulnerable or not identifiably vulnerable. Case studies using semi-structured interviews are conducted, adding a qualitative, experiential dimension to the statistical, psychometric findings. Based on this research conclusions are drawn which have academic application and directly inform practical interventions which, if implemented in early adolescence, would potentially alleviate the identified vulnerability.

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Poon, Yan Chee. « Does music make coming home easier ? : musical and sociological analyses of selected compositions commemorating the 1997 return of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China ». HKBU Institutional Repository, 2002. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/443.

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Mtero, Farai. « The informal sector : micro-enterprise activities and livelihoods in Makana Municipality, South Africa ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007706.

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This study examines the nature and characteristics of the informal sector within the Makana municipal area in South Africa. The focus is on the socio-economic characteristics of the informal sector operatives; operational characteristics of the microenterprises that we studied, such as longevity, employment generation, growth potential, and linkages of the informal sector with the formal sector of the economy. Extensive studies on the informal sector have been conducted in many parts of the world relative to South Africa. The key finding in most of these researches is that the informal sector is highly heterogeneous. These studies provide us with the parameters for analysing the nature and characteristics of the informal sector in the Makana Municipality. The results of the thesis show that the majority of people in Makana Municipality join the informal sector as a result of such push factors as unemployment, retrenchment and the need to survive. While there is evidence of lucrative activities amongst the surveyed enterprises, most of the informal sector micro-enterprises are concentrated in the lower segment of the sector where earnings are very low. Results from this study reveal that employment generation (beyond owner-operator) is very limited. The co-existence of a small number of remunerative activities alongside a large proportion of relatively unproductive activities is not only a sign of restricted economic potential but, most importantly, it points to the heterogeneous nature of the informal sector. Precisely, the informal sector encompasses activities which are different in terms of asset holdings, earnings, etc. From the study, it is also evident that the informal sector micro-enterprises play a crucial role in distributing goods produced in the formal sector. Evidence indicates that these micro-enterprises are Iinked to the formal sector. The idea of a 'second economy' devoid of linkages with the 'first economy' is of limited heuristic value. Thus, the 'second economy' is an extension of the first.

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Silva, Roginei Paiva da. « Biblioteca, leitores e cultura : a prática social da leitura ». Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4878.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This research aims to map the profile of the current reader reflecting on the social practice of reading and the role of public libraries as social spaces where books circulate. In addition to this, we seek to understand the role of reading as a cultural practice. The issue was guided by the fact that literature is a citizen's right and a benefit to be shared, so society should be concerned with the readers development. The approach was guided by the Sociology and History of Reading and the review of the theories related to culture in the contemporary society. To clarify what was proposed, we used the Municipal Library Baptista Caetano d' Almeida , in São João del-Rei/MG as a place of observation and data collection to respond to the raised queries . When developing the proposed perspectives, data were collected through the electronic system of the Municipal Library loan bank; through interviews with the director , librarian and library assistants; and a questionnaire which was answered by users from Baptista Caetano Library. The results showed that it is not precisely possible to define the profile of the current reader, but this has its outlines, probably, different from those already known or crystallized in the past. What can be affirmed is that reading as a social and cultural practice receives influences of a media, market and globalized society. Therefore, the democratization of reading as a cultural benefit becomes important for people‟s inclusion and social mobility.
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo mapear o perfil do leitor atual refletindo sobre a prática social da leitura e a função das Bibliotecas Públicas como espaços sociais onde circulam os livros. Além disso, busca-se compreender o lugar da leitura como prática cultural. Norteou a questão o fato de que a literatura é um direito do cidadão e um bem a ser compartilhado, portanto a sociedade deveria se preocupar com a formação de leitores. A abordagem se guiou pela Sociologia e História da Leitura e pela verificação de teorias ligadas à cultura na contemporaneidade. A fim de elucidar o proposto, utilizou-se a Biblioteca Municipal Baptista Caetano d‟Almeida, em São João del- Rei/MG, como local de observação e coleta de dados para responder às indagações suscitadas. No desenvolvimento das perspectivas propostas, foram coletados dados através do sistema eletrônico de empréstimos da Biblioteca Municipal; de entrevistas com coordenador, bibliotecária e auxiliares de biblioteca; de questionário respondido pelos usuários da Baptista Caetano. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que ainda não é possível definir com precisão o perfil do leitor atual, mas este tem contornos, provavelmente, diferentes daqueles já conhecidos ou cristalizados no passado. O que se pode afirmar é que a leitura enquanto prática social e cultural recebe influências de uma sociedade globalizada, mercadológica e midiatizada. Portanto, a democratização da leitura enquanto bem cultural torna-se importante para a inclusão e ascensão social das pessoas.

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Xiong, Hai Yan. « Urban crime and social disorganization in China : a study of three communities in Guangzhou ». Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2553429.

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Tawe, Ngamale Emmanuel. « The making of business news in Africa : a case study of Cameroon Tribune newspaper ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002942.

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Since the emergence of business journalism as a genre within the broad spectrum of news reporting, most of the scholarly works into its development have focused on growth in the western (that is developed) world. This indicates that very limited research has been done in the field of business journalism in the developing economies. Thus there exist gaps in understanding the practice of business journalism in Africa and part of this is rooted in how the practice is defined. This study aims to shed light on the practice of business journalism in this African context. It explores the onset and development of business journalism and its evolution in Africa. The main focus in this case study was to understand the definition of business news in the specific context of the Cameroon Tribune. Individual in-depth interviews were used as the main (primary) data collection method along with observation and cursory reading as complementary (secondary) methods. This study is influenced by the sociology of news production which foregrounds theoretical frames such as news construction and gatekeeping. Findings from this study reveal that business news at the Cameroon Tribune is elitist, essentially defined around personality and, is in the most part, development news. Additional findings indicate that the absence of any editorial guidelines leaves most reporters secondguessing how to please management with socialised values mostly acquired through peer learning. In conclusion, this study advances the necessity for the Africanisation of business news. This would entail reporting financial, economic, consumer, and corporate affairs, from a vocabulary and composition context that unveils much exchange taking place in the lives of many Africans.

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Gnade, Amy Lee. « The effect of substance abuse on nonverbal emotional expressiveness ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1927.

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Thèses sur le sujet « Social contract – Sociological aspects »

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