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1
Elkanj, Nasser. « Conflict economics : theoretical and empirical applications ». Thesis, View thesis, 2009. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/41746.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis examines distinctive issues related to conflict theoretically and empirically. The theoretical part in this thesis investigates the following issues: the entitlement failure model, the defence spending allocation model and the terror cycles model. The empirical part focuses on the following: the CMP, the beta-index and beta-mobility idea, and the relation between economic inequality and violent social conflicts. The thesis argues that the introduction of market ethos and democratisation in developing nations has created a fragile economic and social system. It demonstrates the existence of a political equilibrium that maximises the probability of re-election of an incumbent government. This demonstrates the existence of a region of capital allocation such that if the optimal allocation of capital lies in this specific region there does not arise any distribution failure. In the second part we highlight two types of conflicts, namely market conflicts and political conflicts and attempt to weave them together to illuminate an important intersection between the economy and the polity. The thesis argues that conflicts are to some extent driven by international tension, or global, ideological and geo-political factors. Notwithstanding the global influence, local factors such as income inequality, income growth or lack of it, and political institutions, have an influence on conflicts. The thesis proposes a participatory conflict management procedure (CMP) that aspires to discover stable points for collaboration between confrontational parties. Stable points are mutual joint cooperative arrangements that diminish the probability of conflict re-escalation. The thesis presents a fundamental theoretical analysis for a new index of conflicts beta (b ) driven by international tension. In this section we show how to measure the extent to which local conflict in a country is driven by international tension/ global factors. We then offer an empirical foundation to the beta index by calculating the beta values for 92 nations for which we have data from 1970–2004. The thesis analyses the relationships between violent conflict and inequality. An econometric model is estimated using binary dependent variable techniques to capture the relation between violent conflict and inequality across Middle Eastern and Arab countries. It constructs two models based on the theoretical model and actual data: the first is a dummy variable that takes a value of one when a conflict has resulted over 1000 battle deaths in a given year and country. The second is a dummy variable that takes a value of one if the conflict is completely internal, and another which is equal to one when the conflict involves an external actor.
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Dias, Junior Antonio Carlos 1977. « O liberalismo de Ralf Dahrendorf ». [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281987.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: Gilda Figueiredo Portugal GouveaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T12:09:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DiasJunior_AntonioCarlos_M.pdf: 1291330 bytes, checksum: ef3ff9b8fba6fc9e471df0bae3ecd746 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: Este estudo trata da produção intelectual do sociólogo germano-inglês Ralf Dahrendorf (1929 -). A partir de sua biografia e de sua bibliografia intenta mostrar, de maneira analítica e crítica, como foram construídas e teorizadas suas preocupações em relação aos diversos temas que permeiam sua obra, tais como a crítica aos modelos utópicos de teoria e de sociedade, o conflito social como motor das transformações históricas e a defesa da ordem liberal de sociedade
Abstract: This study treats from intellectual production of the anglo-german sociologist Ralf Dahrendorf (1929 -). From your biography and your bibliography intends to present, analytic and critically, how were composed and theorized your concerns with regard to the various topics that pervade your work, such as the critique to the utopian models of theory and society, the social conflict as motor of historical transformations and the liberal order defense of society
Mestrado
Teoria Sociologica e Pensamento Social
Mestre em Sociologia
3
Mushwana, Tinyiko. « A critical discourse analysis of representations of the Niger Delta conflict in four prominent Western anglophone newspapers ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007745.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis explores the manner in which the conflict in the oil-rich Niger Delta in Nigeria is represented in western Anglophone media. Large oil reserves in the Niger Delta have contributed millions of dollars towards the growth of Nigeria's export economy. Despite this, the Niger Delta is the least developed region in the country and is characterised by high rates of inequality. Residents of the Niger Delta have been outraged by the lack of action on the part of the Nigerian government and multinational oil corporations. Their discontent over the inequalities in the region has resulted in the proliferation of armed groups and militants who often use violent and criminal tactics to communicate their disgruntlement. This thesis closely examines the representations of the violent insurgency in the Niger Delta by conducting a Critical Discourse Analysis of 145 news texts selected from four western Anglophone newspapers from 2007 to 2011. The depiction of the conflict as it appears in the four newspapers is discussed in relation to an overview of scholarly literature which explores the portrayal of Africa not only in western media, but also in other forms of western scholarship and writing. The research undertaken in this study reveals that to a significant extent representations of the Niger Delta conflict echo and reflect some of the stereotypical and age-old negative imagery that informs meanings constructed about the African continent. However, the analysis of the news texts also shows that there are certainly efforts amongst some newspapers to move beyond simplistic representations of the conflict. The disadvantage however, is that these notable attempts tend to be marred by the use of pejorative language which typically invokes negative images associated with Africa. This study argues that the implications of these representations are highly significant as these representations not only affect the way in which the conflict is understood, but also the manner in which the international community responds to it.
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Lee, Poh Onn 1963. « Social coordination and forest conflicts : a case study on Sarawak, Malaysia ». Monash University, Dept. of Economics, 2000. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8375.
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Coetzee, Wayne Stephen. « The role of the environment in conflict : complex realities in post-civil war Nigeria ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20013.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Nigeria is a country that has witnessed ongoing – albeit sporadic – violent conflict since its independence in 1960 from Britain. A brutal civil war, known as the Biafra war, lasting from 1967 to 1970, was not to end social tensions in this ethnically diverse country. Violent conflict has been an ongoing reality since the end of the Biafra war in 1970. In addition, Nigeria has exhibited substantial environmental degradation and resource scarcity during this time. Hence, this study assesses whether environmental degradation and resource scarcity are independent causes of domestic violent conflict in Nigeria since the end of the Biafra war. Additionally, rich reserves of natural non-renewable resources – in particular the prevalence of oil – are analysed vis-à-vis the degradation and growing scarcity of renewable resources in order to consider the impact both these aspects have on post civil war conflict in Nigeria. In order to achieve this, this study concerns itself primarily with causation. It considers two aspects in this regard. Firstly, it evaluates the assertion that the environment is an independent cause of conflict. That is to say, it investigates the notion that the environment impacts independently on human behaviour. Secondly, it examines the components of the social structure that create conditions that manipulate the environment in such a way that conflict is the ultimate outcome. This study asserts that the agency-structure composite is important to understand in order to examine violent conflict and its relationship with the environment in Nigeria. This relationship-structure-cause premise is examined by using a complex theory framework. Consequently, importance is placed on the causal relationship between violent conflict, environmental degradation and scarcity, natural non-renewable resource dependency and the social, economic and political milieu in which this transpires. This study ascertains that severe environmental change can only be considered a cause of conflict when its impact is considered with other important factors such as economic and political anonymity, which – for the most part – create the milieu in which subsequent violent conflict is the outcome.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nigerië is 'n land wat deurlopend kan getuig, alhoewel sporadies, dat daar sedert sy onafhanklikheid van Brittanje in 1960, geweldadige konflik was. 'n Brutale burgelike oorlog wat geduur het vanaf 1967 to 1970, het geensins die sosiale spanning ge-eindig vir hierdie etniese diverse land nie. Gewelddadige konflik is 'n deurlopende werklikheid sedert die einde van die burgeroorlog in 1970. Daarbenewens het Nigerië uitgestaan vir hul aansienlike agteruitgang van die omgewing en hulpbron-skaarste gedurende hierdie tyd. Vandaar hierdie studie om te bepaal of die omgewing se agteruitgang en hulpbron-skaarste 'n onafhanklike oorsaak is van binnelandse geweldadige konflik in Nigerië, sedert die einde van die burgeroorlog. Daarby, ryk reserwes van natuurlike nie-hernubare hulpbronne, in die besonder die voorkoms van olie wat betref die agteruitgang en die toenemende skaarsheid van hernubare hulpbronne, word ontleed ten einde die impak van hierdie twee aspekte op post-burgeroorlog konflik in Nigerië te oorweeg. Ten einde dit te bereik, gebruik hierdie studie oorsaaklikheidsleer. Daar is twee aspekte in hierdie verband wat in aanmerking geneem word. Eerstens is die bewering dat die omgewing die onafhanklike oorsaak is van konflik. Dit wil sê, dit ondersoek die idée dat die omgewing 'n onafhanklike impak het op menslike gedrag. Dit ondersoek, tweedens, die komponente van die sosiale struktuur wat die omstandighede skep wat die omgewing op so 'n wyse manipuleer, dat konflik die uiteindelike uitkoms is. Hierdie studie beweer dat die agent-struktuur verhouding belangrik is om te verstaan ten einde geweldadige konflik en die verhouding met die omgewing in Nigerië te ondersoek. Hierdie verhouding-struktuur-oorsaak uitgangspunt is ondersoek deur gebruik te maak van 'n komplekse teorie raamwerk. Gevolglik word die belangrikheid geplaas op die oorsaaklike verband tussen gewelddadige konflik, die agteruitgang van die omgewing en skaarsheid, nie-hernubare afhanklikheid en die sosiale, ekonomiese en politieke milieu waarin dit voorkom. Hierdie studie stel vas dat ernstige omgewingsverandering slegs oorweeg kan word as 'n oorsaak van konflik as die impak daarvan oorweeg word met ander belangrike faktore soos ekonomiese en politieke anonimiteit, wat, vir die grootste deel, die omgewing skep waarin die daaropvolgende geweldadige konflik die uitkoms is.
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Idoko, Victoria. « The Christian-Muslim conflict of Jos, Nigeria : causes and impact on development ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1010745.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The aim of this study is to examine conflict and how it impinges on development. Conflict is an inevitable element of human existence since creation and has always affected human activities and endeavors in several ways. Understanding the dimensions of human conflict therefore provides blueprints on how to manage and resolve conflicts. This makes this study timely. In this research, some relevant related to conflict management approaches were examined. The research adopted a case study approach using the Jos Plateau conflict in the Plateau State of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Data was collected and analyzed using a mixed research methods approach. The findings show several causes of this conflict among which are differences in religious beliefs among the people of the area, socio-economic causes, political tensions and land disputes. The consequences of the conflict identified are: it retards development in the area, creates fear and feelings of insecurity, destruction of property and loss of human lives. This study also examined how the conflict impinges on people-cantered development. In terms of how the conflict can be mitigated, respondents think education, creation of employment opportunities, the administration of justice and the practice of tolerance values is going to promote a spirit of coexistence and eventually result in a more peaceful and stable environment.
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Rodella-Boitreaud, Aude-Sophie. « Three essays in the applied microeconomics of conflict : the impact of landmines and war violence on social capital, socio-economic reintegration, child health and household income in Angola ». Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF10320.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The research presented in this dissertation addresses the issue of the direct and indirect impact of war violence on the different components of households’ welfare and reintegration during and after the civil conflict that affected Angola from 1975 to 2002. Informed by the dynamics and specificities of the Angolan conflict, we generate exogeneous variation in the intensity of direct (conflict-related deaths) and indirect war violence (landmine contamination). Impacts are found to be contrasted and to extend beyond the immediate site of occurrence of those events. The findings presented contribute to improving the understanding of the impact of direct and indirect war violence impact on household as well as to the refining its implications for social and economic reconstruction. The results also highlight the role of resilience and coping mechanisms in fending off the impact of war violenceLes travaux de recherche présentés dans cette thèse s’attachent à examiner la question de l’impact direct et indirect des violences liées au conflit qui a dévasté l’Angola de 1975 à 2002 sur les ménages. Des variations exogènes de l’intensité des violences de guerre directe (décès directement liés au conflit) et indirecte (implantation de champs de mines) ont été générées après étude approfondie des dynamiques et spécificités du conflit angolais. Les résultats présentés permettent de conclure que l’impact des violences de guerre est contrasté (positif et négatif) et qu’il s’étend au-delà du lieu où ces violences ont été perpétrées. Ces résultats contribuent ainsi à l’amélioration de la compréhension de l’impact direct et indirect des violences de guerre sur les populations civiles à l’échelle des ménages ainsi qu’à une meilleure appréciation de leurs implications en termes de reconstruction sociale et économique. Les résultats soulignent également le rôle de la résilience et des mécanismes d’adaptation des ménages dans la réduction de l’impact de la violence de guerre
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Westerman, John Thomas. « Wherefore by Their Fruits Ye Shall Know Them : An Actor-Network Theory Analysis of Mercy Corps' Peaceful Communities Initiative in Central Asia ». PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/286.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The motivation for this research comes from the belief that an over reliance on a social constructivist perspective has caused development studies in general, and post-development in particular, to under-theorize the role of discourse in development. A key issue in post-development studies concerns whether or not development organizations depoliticize their interventions. The notion of depoliticization provides a perfect occasion for examining more deeply the role of discourse in development. This research uses the actor-network theory constructivist framework to analyze a USAID funded development program in Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan): Mercy Corps' Peaceful Communities Initiative (PCI). The research approach used in this study involved both traditional ethnographic methods and document analysis. The ethnographic case material comes from multiple field visits to PCI offices in Central Asia and multiple visits to a variety of PCI community sites. The documentary evidence comes from a variety of organization and project specific documents. The embedded case studies demonstrate that materiality cannot be easily separated from sociality and that indeed the two are inseparable. Thus development discourse cannot be solely understood as a social phenomenon but could instead be understood as an assemblage of material elements through which both power and sociality flow.
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Raftery, David Jonathon. « Competition, conflict and cooperation : an ethnographic analysis of an Australian forest industry dispute ». Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armr139.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 135-143. An anthropological analysis of an industrial dispute that occurred within the East Gippsland forest industry, 1997-1998 and how the workers strove to acheive better working conditions for themselves, and to share in the wealth they had created.
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Delport, Kandi Sue. « Conflicts in the role of business as a social partner in the South African economy : a study of skills development in the Border-Kei region ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011784.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis analyses conflicts in the role of business as a social partner in the South African economy by studying skills development in the Border-Kei Region. Skills development is a key component of the South African government’s programme of labour market regulation and is founded on a participatory approach. The skills development framework requires the participation and co-operation of multiple social partners but relies heavily on the role of business in the attainment of national and sectoral skills development objectives. Unfortunately, however, there are significant conflicts in the role which business is expected to play which consequently hinder the efficiency of the framework and the likelihood that that these objectives will be realised. One of the most pertinent examples of these conflicts is the voluntary nature of the skills development framework, which incentivises but does not compel organisations to invest in training and development. Other conflicts include dissonances between national and employer led strategies and organisational disincentives to engage in training and development. This qualitative study uses an interpretive approach to study how and to what extent the Skills Development Act is implemented in selected organisations in Buffalo City as well as studying the issues pertaining to the implementation process. By using a purposive sampling approach, this research includes both primary data in the form of semi-structured interviews and secondary data in the form of documentary sources. The data represents the perspectives of business, labour and government and provides significant depth of insight into the discussions and issues surrounding skills development in Buffalo City. This dissertation argues that South Africa’s vocational training system, institutionalised through appropriate legislation, may not be sufficient to mobilise social partners, and of primary concern in this research – business – to invest in skills development. It suggests that extensive reliance on business is an insufficient way in which to upskill the labour market. However, with few alternatives to this approach, it is subsequently essential that business is encouraged to buy into the collective interest of skills development objectives. This primarily entails overcoming the challenges that embody the framework and increasing state emphasis on skills development.
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Денисенко, Павло Анатолійович, Павел Анатольевич Денисенко et Pavlo Anatoliiovych Denysenko. « Some economic aspects of social capital ». Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8091.
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Nowadays innovation-oriented development of particular socio-economic system is no longer considered as a result of some individual breakthrough, it was substituted by systematic work of specially created professional networks of different kind and size. Formal and informal interrelations among talented workers, knowledge management, creative environment, social capital, organizational culture becomes the new frontier of competitive advantage.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8091
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Kharlamova, G. « Environmental security : economic and social aspects ». Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10022.
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Ecology – is complex problem, so complex decisions are needed.
Preservation of environment and acceptance of administrative decisions, recreational use of natural resources of natural-resources fund territories demand certain regulating actions. These actions have to be based on exact basis of complex interdisciplinary approach to environment security.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10022
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Yeukai, Chandaengerwa. « Trade promotion vs the environment : Inevitable conflict ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study unveiled the trade-environment debate which has been revolving in the World Trade Organization for quite a long time now. While economic integration and trade liberalization offer the promise of growth and prosperity, environmentalists fear that free trade will lead to increased pollution and resource depletion. On the other hand, free traders worry that over-reaching environmental policies will obstruct efforts to open markets and integrate economies around the world. Trade liberalization has the potential to affect the environment both positively and negatively. Trade and environment tensions have therefore emerged as a major issue in the debate over globalisation. This paper examined the contours of these tensions and argued that trade policy and environmental programs can be better integrated and made more mutually supportive.
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Ozsut, Melda. « Rentier States and Conflict : New Concepts, Different Perspectives ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157529/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since the 1970s, a curious phenomenon has emerged, suggesting that resource rich countries are "cursed" by their resources. Over the last couple of decades, researchers have argued that rentier countries are more likely to have educational underachievement, the Dutch disease, corruption, slower democratization, and conflict. Although current research has proven helpful and productive, some aspects still remain contested in both theoretical and empirical terms. This dissertation aims to fill certain lacunae in this literature. My dissertation examines how ordinary citizens turn into dissidents and then to rebels in rentier states. I build and test an innovative theoretical argument, which focuses on individuals' daily lives, and explains how policies by rentier governments discourage merit-based employment. This, in turn, yields a high level of grievance among segments of the population. I also develop a comprehensive theory that combines macro-level and micro-level explanations of conflict onset in rentier states. Finally, I analyze an important, but previously neglected aspect of civil wars in rentier states: conflict outcomes. I suggest that the existence of abundant natural resources would have a significant impact on conflict outcomes. Accordingly, government victory would be more likely, and negotiated settlement would be less likely in rentier countries compared to non-rentier countries.
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Vigier, Adrien. « Essays on economic and social networks ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609482.
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Rice, Michael John. « The social psychodynamics of conjugal conflict : A mathematical correlational investigation ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184521.
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This investigation addressed the question "What are the characteristics of the relationship between power, interference, frustration and aggression within the context of a conjugal conflict?" This investigation used a mathematical correlational descriptive design with magnitude estimation measures to evaluate the relationships between power, interference, frustration and aggression. The measures were administered to 39 women drawn from state funded social service agencies. Thirty-three (n = 13) percent of the total sample were retested to determine the stability of the measures. The reliability of the magnitude estimation measures ranged from.90 to.98 for test retest stability and.83 to.92 for the internal consistency or theta coefficients. Regression analysis of the data indicated that power had the strongest relationship to aggression (R² =.89). Neither interference nor frustration had any relationship to the concept of aggression. Empirical modeling revealed that parental aggression, through power, increased the strength of the relationship between power and aggression (R² =.96). The model also revealed that interference had the sole relationship with the concept of frustration (R² =.83).
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Penn, Simon Andrew Christopher. « Social and economic aspects of fourteenth century Bristol ». Thesis, University of Bolton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.731703.
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Hulevskaya, Nataliya. « Economic, social and political aspects of sustainable tourism ». Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8280.
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The definition of sustainable tourism was given in 1988 by World Trade Organization (WTO). Sustainable tourism satisfies present needs of the tourists and destinations by protecting and increasing opportunities for the future. Management of all resources should be carried out in such way, that satisfaction of economic, social and aesthetic needs provide preservation of cultural values, essential ecological processes, biological variety and system of life-support. The output of sustainable tourism is the production, which exists in the consent with local environment, community and culture in such a manner that it is of benefit, instead of damage to tourism development.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8280
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Baccin, Giulia Alessandra <1991>. « The Bolivian water wars : social and economic aspects ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8727.
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My research covers the story of the water wars in Bolivia. Water is a natural monopoly and it expects very high costs for infrastructures technologies, indeed its market cannot be competitive. Bolivia is a country in which Indigenous heritage is still strong in language and other aspects of everyday life. The commonest water management system in the Andes region among the Aymara and Quechua was that of “Communal Waters”. It originated in the Incan period, and was organized considering the intensity of rain and the needs of every family, based on equity and reciprocity. Bolivia confronts the two cultures of water: western and indigenous. The management of water, until 1999 in the hands of SEMAPA, was privatized and entrusted to the American Multinational Bechtel. It was investing to modernize the water network and drainage system and to extend it to the favelas. The loans were guaranteed by the World Bank and as there was no money in the public fund, the tariffs would sustain the reimbursement of the loan, but it was unaffordable by the majority of Bolivians. Soon people rose against the water privatization. In January 2000, a strike paralyzed the country in the name of the right to water; the government reacted harshly, imposing the martial law. The multinational was sent away and the administration belonged to the people. Soon people realized that the problem was not Bechtel or the law on privatization, it had to do with social conflicts, ethnic and economic that are Bolivian. In 2009 the Bolivian changed their constitution, which now proclaims that water is a human right and bans its privatization. Under Morales government the Water Ministry was created in 2006, to integrate the functions of water supply and sanitation.
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Ernhede, Camilla. « Conflict untangled : the political, social and economic factors behind the Central African Republic ethno-religious conflict ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-300915.
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The purpose of this paper is to identify the underlying factors of the conflict between Christians and Muslims in the Central African Republic (CAR) that started in 2013. It is argued that political factors played an important role in the coup d'état that ousted President Francois Bozize - the event that marked the start of the civil war. Social factors were mainly responsible for how the civil war turned into sectarian violence. Furthermore, it is argued that a number of economic factors did not directly cause the sectarian violence, but instead contributed to the length of the conflict. The way broader factors contributed to the conflict (the CAR's weakened state and lawlessness for instance) are also discussed.
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Höhne-Sparborth, Thomas. « The socio-economic spill-over effects of armed conflict on neighbouring countries ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3691/.
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This thesis explores the channels by which armed conflict may have wider regional effects through socio-economic spill-over effects. Collier (1999) has explored the economic consequences of civil war and other authors such as Murdoch and Sandler (2004) and de Groot (2010) have sought to verify the existence of neighbourhood effects through quantitative, large-N studies. These studies have only found mixed evidence of a net negative effect and have failed to identify the channels through which conflict affects neighbouring countries. This thesis adopts a case study approach to complement the longitudinal studies that have dominated the analysis of spill-over effects, focusing its primary case study on the example of Zambia, which experienced prolonged exposure to conflicts in Rhodesia, Mozambique, Angola and the DRC. Progressing from a survey of potential spill-over effects postulated in the existing literature, this thesis finds that the actual neighbourhood effects on Zambia have been more numerous and more ambiguous than previously acknowledged. In separate chapters on trade and investment, human capital and migration, food security, and military expenditure, this thesis assesses the range of effects by which these conflicts affected Zambia’s development. The thesis argues that trade and investment, agricultural policies, food security, and the escalation of government debt were affected by the pattern of regional instability, often in unexpected ways that defy easy generalisation. In addition to the Zambian case, the thesis offers a comparison with examples from Malawi, Belize, Jordan and Thailand. These supporting case studies demonstrate that the mechanisms identified in the study have widespread relevance in varied conflict situations, but that the net effect of individual channels of spill-over are dependent on local risk factors and policies. The thesis concludes with the provision of a framework outlining the various channels by which spill-over occurs, the risk factors involved, and possible policy responses.
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Verrelli, Stefano. « Antecedents and consequences of ideological conflict along social and economic dimensions ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21901.
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Decades of research has consistently demonstrated that, compared to liberals, conservatives are more prejudiced towards a variety of target groups. Recent research, however, has challenged this finding by demonstrating that liberals and conservatives both express prejudice towards ideologically dissimilar others. This effect also appears to be dimension-specific, with social and economic ideologies differentially predicting prejudice against targets who vary on the social and economic dimensions of ideology, respectively. The current thesis sought to advance this work by developing and testing two novel hypotheses related to the multi-dimensional nature of ideological conflict. First, in three studies (N = 573), I tested the differential antecedent hypothesis, which predicts that the dimension-specific contributions of social and economic ideologies on prejudice should be differentially affected by distinct “pre-political” beliefs about the social world, namely dangerous and competitive worldviews, respectively. The results generally supported this hypothesis, but also suggested that dangerous world beliefs underlie people’s economic ideology and prejudice towards economic target groups. Second, in three additional studies (N = 1030), I tested the differential mediation hypothesis, which predicts that the dimension-specific contributions of social and economic ideologies on prejudice should be differentially mediated by symbolic and realistic threat, respectively. The findings for this hypothesis were mixed, and suggested that symbolic threat is the key driver of ideological conflict across both dimensions. Together, these findings provide new insights into the possible antecedents and consequences of ideological conflict along social and economic dimensions. Importantly, this research further challenges the assumptions that prejudice is an affliction of the political right and that a one-dimensional model of ideology can provide a complete account of prejudice.
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Johnson, Ailish M. « Social aspects of economic integration : European and global governance ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270084.
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Дядечко, Алла Миколаївна, Алла Николаевна Дядечко, Alla Mykolaivna Diadechko, Дарина Володимирівна Боронос, Дарина Владимировна Боронос et Daryna Volodymyrivna Boronos. « Environmental, social and economic aspects of global climate change ». Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16882.
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Дядечко, Алла Миколаївна, Алла Николаевна Дядечко, Alla Mykolaivna Diadechko et O. V. Poduzhailo. « Environmental aspects of the social-economic development of Ukraine ». Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16051.
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Боронос, Дарина Володимирівна, Дарина Владимировна Боронос, Daryna Volodymyrivna Boronos, Вікторія Георгіївна Боронос, Виктория Георгиевна Боронос et Viktoriia Heorhiivna Boronos. « Environmental, social and economic aspects of global climate change ». Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8127.
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Matemnago, Tonle Véronique. « Gestion des conflits dans le deuil au prisme des négociations, transactions sociales et compromis : le cas du deuil d'un roturier chez les Bamiléké de l'Ouest Cameroun ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAG026/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La société bamiléké de l’Ouest Cameroun, marquée par une structure sociale hiérarchisée basée sur des références coutumières en cours d’évolution, est traversée par des conflits repérables dans les rapports sociaux. Ces tensions se cristallisent à l’occasion des cérémonies telles que le deuil d’un roturier, terrain des observations de cette thèse. L’analyse sociologique et ethnologique de ces conflits et des modalités de leur gestion pratique, en vue du déroulement du deuil dans son intégralité, mobilise l’outillage théorique de la négociation et des transactions sociales dans l’élaboration permanente de compromis, ce que ce travail analyse tout au long du processus de deuil. Les sources et méthodes empiriques croisées avec l’appareillage théoriques donnent à voir que, chez les Bamiléké, les parties prenantes, en termes de jeux d’acteurs et en relation avec différents cadres de contraintes (coutumier, socio-économique, temporel…), s’organisent pour gérer les conflits à travers des dynamiques de négociation ou de transactions qui conduisent à des compromis toujours relatifs et provisoires. D’abord marqués par le temps du deuil, ces compromis participent plus largement de la recomposition locale des relations sociales et du rapport tradition/modernité dans la société bamilékéThe Bamileke society of Western Cameroon, marked by a hierarchical social structure based on customary references in the course of evolution, is crossed by conflicts that can be identified in social relations. These tensions crystallize on the occasion of ceremonies such as the mourning of a commoner, field of the observations of this thesis. The sociological and ethnological analysis of these conflicts and the modalities of their practical management, with a view to the unfolding of mourning ceremonies in its entirety, mobilizing the theoretical tools of negotiation and social transactions in the permanent elaboration of compromises, what this work analyses throughout the grieving process. The empirical sources and methods crossed with the theoretical references show that, relatives of the deceased, in terms of sets of actors and in relation to different frame of constraints (customary, socio-economic, temporal...) organize themselves to manage conflicts through negotiation or transactions dynamics that always lead to relative and temporary compromises. At first marked by the time of mourning, these compromises participate more widely in the local recomposition of social relations and the relationship between tradition and modernity in Bamileke society
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Gericke, Kevin L. « Public participation and its relationship to conflict in national forest planning ». Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03042009-040603/.
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Ractliffe, Jo. « Nadir : a graphic interpretation of dispossession and aspects of conflict ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17181.
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Bibliography: pages 109-111.Dispossession, aspects of conflict and the breakdown of the relationship between people and their environment is the subject of this thesis. The body of work presented consists of twenty-four photographs and sixteen screen-printed off-set lithographs (referred to as the prints). The photographs are largely intended to introduce and contextualize the prints which act as the main body and conclusion of the thesis. In the series of prints I have manipulated certain photographic imagery in order to explore the ways in which meaning can shift with changes in context, and reveal associations not apparent in the original photographs. This book is divided into four sections: 1. Sources and context: This section contains a brief outline of the historical tradition of apocalyptic literature and its relevance to our times, as well as a discussion of some of the literary texts to which I have referred. All the visual source material for my prints was derived from my own photographs. As a result, I have not looked to other artist's works for reference, or for the development of my theme. Of great importance, however, were the texts I read during the course of my study, which included a wide and diverse range of literature and poetry. I have also looked to film as a source, including popular cinema such as George Miller's "Mad Max" series, as well as the more serious aspects of cinema, for example, the films of Francis Ford Coppola, Werner Herzog and Wim Wenders. While my prints do not necessarily fall within the mainstream of apocalyptic, they have in common with it, a particular attitude towards the present. It is the vision of imminent chaos and the desire for a return to a restored natural order that has informed my work. 2. My working methods and their implications: This section contains an explication of the processes involved in the making of the prints, and the manner in which these processes contributed to the meaning of the images. Also included is a discussion of the relationship between my photography and my printmaking. 3. Introduction to the work: This section introduces my theme. In my photographs I have documented those aspects of southern African urban and rural landscape which reveal evidence of the erosion of the natural environment, as well as the physical manifestations of displacement. In my prints, I have disintegrated, translated and recontextualised these images. While the theme of my work lies within the broad context of apocalyptic, it is the individual's conflicts and sense of displacement within that context that has been of particular interest to me. As the apocalypticist expressed the tensions and conflicts of his time in a language of symbols, so I have similarly presented a response to my environment. It is not my intention in this section to present an interpretation of my work, but rather to highlight those aspects important to an understanding of the motives I had in making the images. In addition, this book includes documentation of the photographs and prints, preparatory sketches and collages, reproductions of source photographs, and a selection of literary texts which informed the work.
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Goulão, Santos Ricardo Jorge Moreira. « Three essays on the economics of education in post-conflict settings : the case of Timor-Leste ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/58586/.
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This thesis seeks to contribute to the knowledge of the economics of education in post-conflict, by proposing an economic analysis of such a setting as a hybrid socio-economic environment, where conflict, despite having ended, has still an impact. It uses an applied economics approach to analyse demand for primary and secondary education and one of the main economic drivers of their demand, returns to education. The focus of study is the post-conflict country of Timor-Leste. In this analysis it proposes and tests economic mechanisms through which conflict may have impacted the returns to education observed in post-conflict Timor-Leste, finding evidence of two significant channels: reduction of productivity and scarcity of qualified human resources. In support of this analysis, it builds a dataset with a novel indicator of political control during conflict that applies in the empirical analysis of returns to education. In the next chapter it seeks to establish evidence of medium-run impacts of conflict on the demand for primary education in Timor-Leste, proposing and testing an empirical methodology to do so. Finally, it proposes and analyses an empirical model of the demand for secondary education in Timor-Leste that integrates the hypothesis of medium-run impacts of conflict. In the process it finds evidence suggesting that, while some of the channels negatively impacted by conflict significantly affect demand for education, a medium-run positive effect might exist, particularly in the form of higher preferences for secondary education among those that experienced more violence during the conflict. Less robust findings of equally positive medium-run effects of conflict are found in the demand for primary education.
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Fox-Howard, Y. « Conflict Resolution : A study of identity, social/economic exclusion, islamophobia and racism ». Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504401.
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This Ph. D. thesis seeks to develop the field of knowledge regarding Muslims, Conflict, and Conflict Resolution. It represents new scholarship within an under-researched field. Methodology utilises extensive fieldwork interviews undertaken within the London Borough of Newham, together with other primary and secondary sources of information. Aspects of informal and formal conflict resolution are addressed, with a focus on `cultural sensitivity' and the concept of impartiality. Social/economic exclusion is examined within the context of urban regeneration, institutional racism and Islamophobia. Factors related to interpersonal communication and employer perceptions of Muslim `Black and Asian' people as `culturally' dissimilar are analysed - in connection with employment discrimination, and access to public service provision in Newham. The transmission and impact of public opinion is explored, in association with local media input, and the manifestations of racism in the neighbourhood. The perceptions of different parties towards the concept that "Islam is `oppressive' towards women" is examined in detail. Aspects of group dynamics and interpersonal communication are discussed within the framework of `becoming local', and the implications for refugee and/or underclass Muslim migrants. The thesis draws recommendations for the management of dysfunctional conflict in Newham, and suggestions are provided for policy action relevant to the reduction of Muslim social/economic exclusion, within the context of urban regeneration in Newham.
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Bornefalk, Anders. « Essays on Social Conflict and Reform ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Stockholm Institute of Transition Economics and East European Economies, Stockholm School of Economics [Östekonomiska Institutet, Handelshögsk.] (SITE), 2000. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/528.htm.
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KOHLER, Stefan. « Bargaining and human sociality : an experimental economic approach ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/7015.
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Defence date: 5 February 2007Examining Board: Jordi Brandts, (Instituto de Análisis Económico (CSIC) ; Simon Gaechter, (University of Nottingham); Pascal Courty, (European University Institute); Karl Schlag, (European University Institute)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This thesis adheres to the fundamental principle of maximizing behavior and equilibrium and shows how behavioral economic assumption of preferences, which go beyond self-interest, makes microeconomic theory applicable to a broad field of social behavior, where traditional models fail. All three thesis chapters are self contained but the thesis evolves from modelling social preferences and an analysis of their behavioral consequences in bargaining situations to an empirical test of their prevalence.
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Hollowell, Steven. « Aspects of Northamptonshire inclosure : social and economic motives and movements ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243662.
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Wan, Asna Wan Mohd Nor Wan Asna Wan Mohd. « Malaysia : the political and economic aspects of accommodation and conflict regulation in an ethnically divided society ». Thesis, University of Hull, 1996. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:11291.
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This study examines practices used by the Malaysian elites in their efforts to solve problems related to ethnic and cultural divisions in the country. The study traces the history of political development of Malaysia, from the very first attempt at inter-ethnic co-operation --- the meetings of the 1949-1950 Communities Liaison Committee --- to the most recent one --- the deliberations of the 1989-1991 National Economic Consultative Council. The focus of the research is on political and economic issues involved. Theories which are relevant to the study of ethnicity and political stability such as 'pluralism', consociationalism and conflict-regulation theory are reviewed in this study. In addition, alternative explanations of contemporary Malaysian politics such as those provided by critical social theory, political economy/development and radical political economy approaches are also included. Empirically, the research is based on personal interviews in Malaysia in 1993, materials on the National Economic Consultative Council, letters, parliamentary debates, government and party literature, newspapers, periodicals, election manifestos, articles and books related to the subject. This study shows that the ideal concepts of consociationalism cannot fully apply to contemporary Malaysia. Because of the dominant role of UMNO in the Barisan Nasional, the system has developed into 'asymmetric accommodation'. However, there is still an adherence to the principle of multi-ethnic coalition, a genuine power-sharing and the presence of accommodative attitudes and motives among the elites which the consociational model highlights.
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Yousef, Sahar Farid. « Three Essays on the Economic Causes of Conflict ». The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1606771186493627.
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Lee, Chung-pak Richard, et 李松柏. « An evaluation of social discipline as a factor in economicdevelopment ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31974454.
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Wong, Chi-kwong Patrick, et 黃志光. « Economic changes in rural China ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954509.
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Lindberg, Miryam. « Conflict Analysis of Economic Perceptions and Misperceptions in the United States ». NSUWorks, 2016. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/52.
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Economics plays a vital role in people’s lives and societal development. Research shows a prevalence of large deficits in economic literacy among the U.S. population, which may help perpetuate misperceptions about how economic systems operate and why they render specific results. The issue of human nature and how it influences policy design is explored. The purpose of this study is to explore Americans’ perceptions and misperceptions regarding three economic systems—capitalism, socialism, and communism—to determine if there is a generational gap. Furthermore, this research explores how people acquire their epistemological assumptions on economics in the era of Internet; and how perceptions and misperceptions about these three economic systems and economic literacy may play an important role in macro-conflict formation. This dissertation identifies specific conditions, factors, and characteristics driving this conflict-saturated social trend. It leverages a thirty-five question survey, designed for this research and administered among U.S. residents, as a method of inquiry to provide a quantitative description from the lens of macro conflict. This study also analyzes some of the effects of the tech revolution by executing data about how people are currently getting their impressions about economic systems and the primary sources and experiences that inform them. This research argues that endogenizing economic knowledge can have far-reaching repercussions in the prevention and avoidance of macro conflict. It also recommends the use of non-Marxist theoretical frameworks to analyze conflict.
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Giles, Andrew. « Exploring the Social, Environmental and Economic Aspects of Trail Surfacing Decisions ». Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/964.
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Visitor activities in parks often have a heavy impact on the soil, vegetation, water and wildlife. In front country areas, the most extreme damage is concentrated on and adjacent to recreational trails. Aside from controlling the numbers, activities and behaviours of trail users, managers may choose to make trails more resistant to impact through surfacing. Unfortunately, surfacing may have negative influences on park visitors' enjoyment of trails by limiting access or detracting from the primitive setting. In addition, some surfaces may be ineffective in certain environmental conditions such as wet ground or steep slopes. Finally, the wide variety in construction and maintenance costs may make some surface types economically unfeasible.
The goals of this research are to investigate the role of trail surfacing in the management of impacts from outdoor recreation; to develop better understanding of the social, economic and environmental aspects of trail surfacing decisions; and to explore a comprehensive framework for incorporating these three factors in trail management. It is hoped that this research can assist park managers in selecting surfacing options to reduce visitor impact without excessively compromising recreational experience or organizational limitations, such as financial resources.
In addition to a comprehensive review of literature on visitor impact management on trails and surfacing techniques, this research employs three methods to further investigate the social, environmental and economic aspects of trail surfacing: a trail user survey, manager survey and trail condition assessment. The trail user survey was conducted at two well-used natural areas in southwestern Ontario, Canada: Presqu'ile Provincial Park and Belfountain Conservation Area. Surveys at each area explored trail users' perceptions and preferences of trail surfacing techniques in late summer 1999. The managers' survey provided insight into organizational approaches to surfacing, including construction cost and observations on recreational or environmental effectiveness. Finally, the trail condition assessment explored an approach to determining environmental effectiveness of trail surfacing techniques, but was limited by the physical and recreational variation between trails.
Seven recommendations for trail managers are presented, tying in several conceptual frameworks of visitor impact management and trail surfacing decisions developed in the thesis. First, trail managers are recommended to develop a full understanding of trail design principles and alternative visitor impact management techniques. If surfacing is selected as the best impact management technique, trail managers should obtain as much information on user characteristics, environmental conditions and organizational limitations as possible. Despite the benefits and drawbacks for all surfaces, road base gravel (or angular screenings with fines) merits special attention as an excellent surface, while asphalt and concrete are not recommended for front country, semi-primitive recreation. Finally, trail managers are encouraged to share information on surfacing more freely and open surfacing decision processes to affected trail users.
Overall, trail managers are provided with an approach to surfacing decisions that considers the social, environmental and economic aspects of trail surfacing, with the goal of working toward more enjoyable, environmentally responsible and cost-effective trail solutions.
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Magawana, Xolisa Tania. « The impact of social grants on poverty reduction ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020106.
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The South African government implements numerous strategies with the aim of reducing poverty. The social grant system is one of these. Social grants are aimed at reducing poverty as well as income inequality. Considering the growing number of social grant beneficiaries, people often question whether these grants reduce poverty and, if they do, whether they are effective.This treatise investigates the impact of social grants in poverty reduction. In order to investigate this, the researcher used the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality, Gauteng Province, as a study area. This study examines the different views of social grants beneficiaries, and the importance of prioritisation when using this unearned money. It alsoinvestigates the role played by the heads of household and shows how beneficiaries’ locations can influence the use of unearned income. Social grants dispense little money, but the researcher discovered that the responsibility of spending and allocating the money lies with the head of household. The descriptive statists show that social grants have created dependency and that families require exit strategies to stop depending entirely on these grants. Findings from the correlation matrix show both positive and negative correlations. Finally, the study has identified the need for an integrated strategy that will not only provide income, but that will also improve the lives of South Africans.
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Cheng, Hon-ting, et 鄭瀚婷. « Understanding rail-based transit-oriented development : the dynamics of metro systems, population and incomegrowth ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45865887.
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Pålsson, Emil. « Colombia’s Socio-Economic Stratification System : An urbanisation policy that causes intergroup conflict ? » Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-91278.
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Rapid urbanisation is a global phenomenon on the rise. If managed poorly by the cities affected, it may lead to, e.g. segregation, air pollution and civil unrest. In order to avoid these problems and to achieve Sustainable Development Goals, 10, reduce inequality within and among countries and 11, make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable, urbanisation policies must be functional, robust and socially sustainable so that the organic growth or poorly executed policies does not lead to problems like segregation, tensions between the inhabitants and civil unrest. This study takes a closer look at a one mega city’s attempt to cope with their rapid urbanisation, the Socio-Economic Stratification (SES) system of Bogotá, Colombia to see if it is a sustainable and efficient urbanisation policy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in two areas of Bogotá where neighbourhoods are characterised by a significant difference in SES levels. Social Identity Theory and the Social Identity Model of System Attitudes were adopted to analyse the results, focusing on the formation of group identities in the neighbourhoods, intergroup conflictual behaviour, relationships and contact to see whether there exist peaceful coexistence or intergroup conflictual behaviours between the members of the SES systems different levels. The study shows a passively supported but not actively endorsed system, a tendency to place strong classification and stigmas on individuals based on their SES level, the lack of relationships and contact between neighbourhoods, and social identities with intergroup conflictual behaviour in three out of four areas investigated. A less conflictual behaviour is found in individuals that have lived in other SES levels or has had much contact with people from there. The results suggest that urbanisation policies, not only in Bogotá but worldwide, should be implemented where inhabitants are encouraged to interact and diminish segregation. As the segregation stemming from the SES system is causing tensions between the members of the different SES levels and may lead to civil unrest. This study contributes to the deficit in empirical data that exists on the SES system and will work to spark a debate on its implications and highlight people’s experiences from it. The results will also work as material for future research on the SES system and other urbanisation policies worldwide.
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Avtzaki, Nickolaou Maria. « Education and ethnic conflict resolution : bicommunal academic links in Cyprus ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12913/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Many contributors to the interdisciplinary field of conflict resolution have emphasised the impact of socio-psychological and psycho-cultural influences in maintaining and perpetuating ethnic conflicts. The review of the literature concerning Cyprus reveals that such factors have been active in the 37 years of ethnic separation between the Greek-Cypriot and the Turkish-Cypriot communities. Although strategies are available to bridge communities and offer prospects for a reconciliation and peace centre on facilitating interaction, contact and dialogue between communities at all levels, it is surprising how little has taken place between the two academic communities on the island. This is in contrast to the picture found in similar conflict cases, such as the ones in Northern Ireland and Israel-Palestine. Despite some notable efforts and collaborations currently in place, the numbers involved constitute a very small fraction of the two academic bodies. The research has aimed at establishing the role of higher education in divided societies, not only by examining theoretically and philosophically its importance as a part of a reconciliation process but also by depicting the opinion of academics from both parts of Cyprus. The research has shown that although they are optimistic about future links, they nevertheless identified major implications stemming out of the issues of ‘recognition’, nationalism, social pressure, the impact of media and the characteristics of the academic cultures in each respective community. These explain the contrast between much good-will and little real action. The analysis of findings includes a discussion of possible strategies to establish an open dialogue between the two academic communities and to facilitate collaborations.
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Talbert, Meredith Corea. « Understanding Sand Mining on the Maha Oya : The Conflict Between Economic and Environmental Survival ». PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/522.
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River sand mining from the Maha Oya is the main source of income and a force that drives economic activity for residents along the river. This study takes place in Sri Lanka, there are three villages included in this project: Jambugaswatte, Janituspuraya and Thoppuwa. In Sri Lanka, sand serves as the main building material. It is used to make bricks, tiles, asphalt and concrete, therefore demanding a high market value. However, the over-extraction of sand comes along with significant environmental problems. These communities depend on the river in many ways and the health of the river directly corresponds to the health of the ecosystem as a whole. Along the Maha Oya two important elements of survival are in conflict with one another: residents simultaneously need a healthy, thriving ecosystem to live in, as well as economic opportunities. With support from the Environmental Foundation Ltd. (EFL)--a Sri Lankan environmental justice NGO--this study focuses on the complex situation with sand mining on the Maha Oya. Data for this study comes from fifteen formal interviews with a Sinhala-English translator. These interviews are used to address the two research questions for this project: how do village residents along the Maha Oya perceive sand mining? And what are the emotional, practical and theoretical responses of village residents to the effects of sand mining on their local ecosystems? In order to envision a sustainable future, it is vital to begin with a clear understanding of community perceptions of these complex issues, which are at the heart of this project.
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Chio, Hin-man, et 趙騫雯. « When will social support be maladaptive ? : a moderated-mediation model of work-family conflict ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50162603.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Work-family conflict is a type of interrole conflict in which psychological stress arises when demands from work domain interfere with one’s capability to carry out responsibilities associated with family. Social support, on the other hand, is commonly regarded as a valuable coping resource that can alleviate job stress. In the past few decades, different models have been proposed to understand the role of work-family dynamics in the workplace. However, some of these models are mutually exclusive. While some studies found that either positive or negative experience from one domain will spill to the other domain, a different stream of research found that the negative experience from one domain can be compensated by the positive experience from another domain. In an attempt to understand the underlying mechanism of work-family conflict, a moderated-mediation model was proposed. The model encompasses the indicators, the consequences, and the moderators into the study of work-family conflict. More importantly, the model puts forward the importance of a situational fit between the source of stress and the type of social support being offered (Study 1). It also emphasizes the significance of relationship closeness in affecting the effectiveness of social support (Study 2).
Adopting the Job Demand-Resources model, Study 1 attempted to test the contextual variability of social support. In particular, the buffering role of two types of domain-specific support, namely the coworker support and family support, were tested in the work context. The results showed that there is a domain difference of the effectiveness of social support. The moderating effect of within-domain social support was stronger than the cross-domain social support. Coworker support was found to buffer against the linkage between job demands and psychosomatic symptoms, whereas family support was found to strengthen the lethal impact of the same relationship.
Based on a sample with two time points of 18- to 20-month interval, Study 2 further tested the impact of relationship closeness on social support. Work-family conflict was found to be a mediator between the linkage of job demands and psychological well-being. A main effect was shown for both coworker support and family support in which the both types of social support from Time 1 significantly predicted Time 2 work-family conflict reported by participants. Peer support was found to be a negative buffer in the moderated mediation model in which a higher level of peer support was shown to intensify the negative relationship of job demands on psychological well-being through work-family conflict.
The findings from the current research challenge the perspectivethat views social support as favorable at all times. In particular, the proposed model showed that receiving social support in a right context, or social support from significant others will be beneficial to employees’ psychological well-being, whereas social support from non-significant others in a misfit context will be hazardous.published_or_final_version
Psychology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Stewart, Brandon. « Crossing Over : Essays on Ethnic Parties, Electoral Politics, and Ethnic Social Conflict ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011838/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This dissertation analyzes several topics related to political life in ethnically divided societies. In chapter 2, I study the relationship between ethnic social conflict, such as protests, riots, and armed inter-ethnic violence, and bloc partisan identification. I find that protests have no effect on bloc support for political parties, riots increase bloc partisan identification, and that armed violence reduces this phenomenon. In chapter 3, I analyze the factors that influence the targeting of ethnic groups by ethnic parties in social conflict. I find some empirical evidence that conditions favorable to vote pooling across ethnic lines reduce group targeting by ethnic parties. In chapter 4, I analyze the effects of ethnic demography on ethnic party behavior. Through a qualitative analysis of party behavior in local elections in Macedonia, I find that ethnic parties change their strategies in response to changes in ethnic demography. I find that co-ethnic parties are less likely to challenge each other for power under conditions of split demography. In fact, under conditions of split demography, I find that co-ethnic parties have political incentives to unite behind a single party because intra-group competition jeopardizes the group's hold on power.
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Ngcaba, Yandisa. « Managing the conflict between social and economic value : the case of the Amadlelo Project ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020151.
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The objective of the study was to investigate the role that social entrepreneurship can play in rural economic development. This objective was achieved by answering the following secondary research questions: How do for-profit social ventures create social value? How sustainable are the for-profit social venture projects in rural areas? What are the challenges facing for-profit social ventures in scaling up their projects? What metrics can be used to monitor and measure social ventures? What are the leadership traits of social entrepreneurs? The point of departure in resolving the objective of this study was to do an analysis of the available literature relevant to the research. The literature review covered was on rural development and social entrepreneurship. Rural development literature covered issues specific to rural development such as the history of rural development in South Africa, land redistribution and restitution and food security, amongst others. Social entrepreneurship literature dealt with the following issues: charity organisations, corporate social responsibility, for-profit social ventures and social capital, amongst others. The researcher used a multiple case study method to resolve the objective of the research. It was conducted with five projects of Amadlelo Agri in the Eastern Cape. An empirical and qualitative study was conducted with forty one employees and six senior managers of Amadlelo Agri respectively in order to test the theory. The results of the empirical and qualitative study were compared to the reviewed literature in order to ascertain whether Amadlelo Agri complied with the findings of the literature review. The research concludes that for-profit social ventures can play a very important role in rural development by turning latent community assets into profitable businesses for the benefit of the community; reducing unemployment and poverty; bringing financial and other resources needed in rural communities and by providing skills development.
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Gurses, Mehmet. « Wealth and Regime Formation : Social and Economic Origins of the Change Toward Democracy ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3966/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study explores the relationship between economic development, social mobility, elites, and regime formation. I argue that the genesis of regime formation, in general, and of democratic regimes, in particular, is determined by the type of economic structure a society possesses, on the one hand, and on the degree the to which demands from disfranchised groups do or do not pose a substantial threat to the interests of elites who occupy the upper strata of the social and economic status hierarchy. Second I demonstrate that the dynamics of transition to wider political participation, as the core element of a democratic system of governance, and the survival of such change are different. In what follows I illustrate that some factors that have been found to dampen the chances for wider participation or have been found to be unrelated to onset of a democratic system of governance have considerable impacts on the durability of the democratic regimes. In a nutshell, the analysis points to the positive effects of mineral wealth and income inequality on the prospects of a democratic survival. Using a cross-national time series data set for all countries for the period between 1960 and 1999 I put the hypotheses to the test. I use binary logit, ordered logit, and ordinary least squares (OLS) to delineate the link between socioeconomic changes and the transition to wider participation. Survival analyses are employed to test for what factors account for the durability of a democratic regime.
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Latham, Jodi. « National accountability : the solution for achieving sustainable social and economic development ». Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79958.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Research into the divergent results achieved by developing countries has traditionally been separated into two distinct approaches. While some scholars have attributed failures to weak governance at the national level, many others have criticised the pursuit of a narrow set of pre-defined liberal market reforms. Using the experiences of China and Botswana as case examples this research moves beyond the limitations of existing explanations to examine the necessity for both national accountability and contextualised policy making. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the connection between good governance and substantive human development indicates that while national accountability is vital, the individual circumstances of a state are equally important to consider.