Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Social Conditions – history – Yugoslavia »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Social Conditions – history – Yugoslavia"
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Pope, Jill. « Spectral fabulations : Belgrade drag performances refashioning socialist memories ». Memory Studies 16, no 1 (février 2023) : 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17506980221141606.
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This article explores how drag performers in late postsocialist Belgrade refashion memories of socialist Yugoslavia, queering memory by disrupting the linear temporality of the postsocialist transition and challenging the erasure of the city’s socialist Yugoslav past. Belgrade is home to a thriving drag community, including a growing group of performers who engage with memories of socialist Yugoslavia, drawing on its diverse legacy from costumes, ideologies and cultural production. Analysing performance material from two of these drag identities – Gospođa Pereca and Novoslovenka – I argue that drag performers could be considered spectral fabulations, which emerge in the haunted landscape of postsocialist Belgrade, a city characterised by political depression, particularly for its LGBTQ+ community. Confronting literature on hauntings and queer performance, spectral fabulation sees drag identities in Belgrade as posthuman apparitions who use socialist memory to disrupt teleological understandings of history as well as to imagine utopian futures, which actively work against the conditions of political depression in the city. This ultimately points to the indeterminacy of the postsocialist transition, containing the potential form for both political depression and queer futurities.
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Bjažić Klarin, Tamara. « Constructing the world of equal opportunities : The case of architect Vladimir Antolić ». Journal of Modern European History 18, no 4 (30 juillet 2020) : 474–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1611894420944840.
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Discourse in the field of architecture and urban planning remained essentially the same in Croatia from the 1930s until the Second World War, and then until the mid 1950s, despite radically changing socio-political systems. This should be credited to Zagreb-based ‘salaried architects’. In the 1930s, they pointed to a major social problem—the substandard living conditions present throughout the country. Questioning the implementation of projects and plans within liberal capitalism, some even entered politics. In post-war socialist Yugoslavia, the circumstances radically changed. Reviewing these pre-war and post-war stages as a single process, this article highlights to the contributions of architect Vladimir Antolić (1903–1981), one of the first trained urban planners in Croatia and a member of International Congress of Modern Architecture. It will demonstrate how his work on the Zagreb Regulation Plan helped to define key issues of urban planning practices in Yugoslavia and show the significance of the so-called European ‘periphery’ in the modern movement’s narrative.
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Mitrovic, Milovan. « The Serbian idea in an era of confused historical consciousness ». Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no 134 (2011) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1134001m.
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This paper, represents a hypothetical consideration of the phenomenology of the Serbian national idea, within the traumatic circumstances of the breakup of the Yugoslav state at the end of the 20th century, when the Serbian national issue was reopened in an exceptionally unfavorable geopolitical context for the Serbian people. The author specifically analyzes the ideological and political factors behind the Serbian confusion with the theoretical framework of Agnes Heller's critical interpretation of history, which speaks of the 'confusion of historical consciousness' that began with World War I and was magnified by the Holocaust, Hiroshima, the Gulag and the European concentration camps. The author of this article adds the great Powers' Balkan interventions during the world wars to their dishonorable historical legacy, ending with their role in the creation and the breakup of Yugoslavia, at the expense of the Serbian people. The conclusion contains an appeal for a more rational national self-consciousness, founded in positive Serbian tradition and real insights into the social conditions that determine the processes in today's Serbian society and its environment.
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Vukotic-Lazar, Marta, et Mirjana Roter-Blagojevic. « The First National Hygiene Exposition in Belgrade in 1933 ». Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, no 00 (2022) : 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh210429030v.
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The paper is about the First National Hygiene Exposition in Belgrade in 1933. It was one of the most significant events and an important part of the cultural policy in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia at that time. It was also the last one in a series of great events under the high patronage of King Alexander I Karadjordjevic. In order to make research in the novelties the exposition introduced, the thus far unpublished archival material has been studied along with the situation drawings of the complex and the restaurant, photo documentation and the exposition presentation in the newspapers of the time, as well as the published material. The aim of the paper is to emphasize the significance of the exposition, its dominant health and education concept with regard to social improvements for the benefit of the general public, all in the context of the period and under conditions it was organized. The paper also aims at presenting a comprehensive view of the exposition impact on the history of the Serbian and Yugoslav medicine, as well as the modernization of the society on the whole. The paper also includes the hitherto unpublished archival material, plans, photographs, brochures' front pages and so on.
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Ahmetović, Amir. « Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the Constitution assembly of the Kingdoms of Serb, Croats and Slovenes and the transformation of social splits into political divisions ». Historijski pogledi 3, no 4 (30 décembre 2020) : 66–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2020.3.4.66.
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Based on the available literature, social division is defined as a measure that separates community members into groups. When it comes to Bosnia and Herzegovina and its population who spoke the same language and shared the same territory, the confessional (millet) division from the time of Turkish rule, as a fundamental social fact on the basis of which the Serbian and Croatian national identity of the Bosnian Catholic and the Orthodox population remained in Bosnia and Herzegovina even after the departure of the Austro-Hungarian administration in 1918. Historical confessional and ethnic divisions that developed in the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian periods became the key and only basis for political and party gatherings and are important for today's Bosnia and Herzegovina segmented society. The paper attempts to examine the applicability of the analytical framework (theory) of Lipset and Rokan (formulated in the 1960s) on social divisions in the case of the elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the Constituent Assembly of the Kingdom of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs in 1920? Elements for the answer can be offered by the analysis of the relationship between the ethno-confessional affiliation of citizens, on the one hand, party affiliation, on the other and their acceptance of certain political attitudes and values on the third side. If there is a significant interrelation, it could be concluded that at least indirectly the lines of social divisions condition the party-political division. The political system, of course, is not just a simple reflex of social divisions. One should first try to find the answer to the initial questions: what are the key lines of social divisions? How do they overlap and intersect? How and under what conditions does the transformation of social divisions into a party system take place? The previously stated social divisions passed through the filter of political entrepreneurs and returned as a political offer in which the specific interests and motives of (ethnic) political entrepreneurs were included and incorporated. After the end of the First World War, ethnic, confessional and cultural divisions were (and still are) very present in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The key lines of division in the ethnic, confessional and cultural spheres, their development and predominantly multipolar (four-polar) character through changes in the forms and breadth of interest and political organization have influenced political options (divisions) and further complicating and strengthening B&H political splits. The concept of cleavage is a mediating concept between the concept of social stratification and its impact on political grouping and political institutions and the political concept that emphasizes the reciprocal influence of political institutions and decisions on changes in social structure. Thanks to political mobilization in ethno-confessional, cultural and class divisions, then the "history of collective memory" and inherited ethno-confessional conflicts, mass political party movements were formed very quickly in Bosnia and Herzegovina as an integral part of the Kingdom of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs ( Yugoslav Muslim organization, Communist Party of Yugoslavia, Yugoslav Democratic Party, Croatian Farmers' Party, Croatian People's Party, Farmers' Union, People's Radical Party ...). The lines of social divisions overlap with ethnic divisions (Yugoslav Muslim Organization, Croatian Farmers' Party, Croatian People's Party, Farmers' Union, People's Radical Party ...) but also intersect them so that several ethnic groups can coexist within the same party-political framework (Communist Party of Yugoslavia). The significant, even crucial influence of party affiliation and identification on the adoption of certain attitudes speaks of the strong feedback of the parties and even of some kind of created party identity. The paper discusses the first elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina organized during the Kingdom of SCS and the formation of Bosnia and Herzegovina's political spectrum on the basic lines of social divisions.
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Popović, Jovan P. « Normative Regulation : Significance, Place, Roles and Protection of Private Archival Material and Private Archives with a View on the Regulation in the Republic of Serbia and Montenegro ». Atlanti 28, no 1 (12 novembre 2018) : 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/2670-451x.28.1.167-178(2018).
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In addition to public-state archives, as a rule, there are private and special archives in each state. The laws regulate who their founder is, what conditions are necessary for the establishment and operation of the archives, what governing bodies are and what their competencies are. In the period of transition, in the countries of socialist organization, there was a real „boom“ for purchasing companies, when state and social ownership was transitioning into private. A large number of companies experienced bankruptcy and liquidation institutes. However, the achival material of these subjects remained normatively unprotected. In this paper, the author deals with short legal definitions and the history of the creation of private archives at the time and after transitional relations, on the territory of the former Yugoslavia, with a special emphasis on the legal arrangements in the states of Serbia and Montenegro, with the aim of regulating the laws and by-laws protection and use of this material as closely as possible.
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Però, Davide. « Next to the Dog Pound : Institutional Discourses and Practices About Rom Refugees in Left-Wing Bologna ». Modern Italy 4, no 2 (novembre 1999) : 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532949908454830.
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SummaryThis article examines the institutional discourses and practices that have characterized the process of incorporation of a group of Rom refugees from the former Yugoslavia in Bologna, the ‘showcase’ of the Italian Left. Following an anthropology of policy approach, the article provides insights into both the conditions of refugees in Italy and the relationships which exist between the political Left and the ‘new’ immigrations. This is done by showing how the discourses and the practices of the Left can be oppressive and how such oppression is not merely due to an inescapable macro-structural order of things but has local ‘origins’, too. Thus it is argued that if social justice is still a priority in the political agenda of the mainstream Left in Italy, as is claimed, then the Left has some rethinking to do in order to avoid its entanglement and responsibility in processes of oppression and domination in the context of migration.
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Hetemi, Atdhe. « Student movements in Kosova (1981) : academic or nationalist ? » Nationalities Papers 46, no 4 (juillet 2018) : 685–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2017.1371683.
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The 1980s caught Albanians in Kosova in interesting social, political, and psychological circumstances. Two diametrically opposed dogmatic dilemmas took shape: “illegal groups” – considerably supported by students – demanded the proclamation of the Republic of Kosova and/or Kosova's unification with Albania. On the other side of the spectrum, “modernists” – gathering, among others, the political and academic elites – pushed for the improvement of rights of Kosovars guaranteed under the “brotherhood and unity” concept advocated within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). This paper outlines the nature of demonstrations that took place in March and April 1981 and the corresponding responses of political and academic elites. Stretching beyond symbolic academic reasons – demands for better food and dormitory conditions – the study points to the intense commitment of the students to their demands, often articulated in nationalistic terms. Was it inevitable that the structure of the SFRY would lead to those living in Kosova as a non-Slavic majority in a federation of “Southern Slavs” to articulate demands for national self-rule? It is necessary to highlight these political and social complexities through analytical approaches in order to track the students' goals and to reexamine assumptions behind the “modernist” agenda. In that vein, the paper analyzes the conceptual connections and differences between student reactions and modernists' positions during the historical period under discussion here.
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Vukčević, Nemanja. « Geopolitical Aspect of Migration in the Post-Yugoslavian Chronotope : a Historical Sociology Approach ». Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series : Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2020, no 4 (12 janvier 2021) : 454–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2020-5-4-454-467.
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Migration processes are complex phenomena. They are consequences of international political movements and power redistribution, which makes it possible to study them in their geopolitical aspect. The article contains a detailed review of historical sociology, substantiated by geopolitical examples from Ancient Rome, Byzantium, Ottoman Empire, World Wars I and II, etc., against the post-Yugoslavian chronotope. The research was based on the methods of historical sociology, as well on the principle of unity of logic and history. The author drew analogies between the abovementioned historical events and the contemporary migration crisis in post-Yugoslavian countries in order to forecast its possible outcome and prevent a social collision. The paper focuses mostly on the case of the Republic of Serbia. Migration management should take into account that history repeats itself: if certain conditions always produce the same result, it is only logical to expect this result next time the same conditions occur. In sociology, this approach remains poorly represented, even though it can produce reliable and long-term solutions in migration management, unlike short-term and superficial ad hoc measures. Previous decisions have led to the ghettoization of migrants, which threatens to escalate into a social conflict. Therefore, achievements of historical sociology can offer a new approach to this problem.
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Vukliš, Vladan. « Retracing Labor in Yugoslav Socialism . Reflections on Research and Archival Approaches ». Südosteuropa 68, no 1 (26 mai 2020) : 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2020-0002.
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AbstractThis study merges two perspectives, the historiographical and the archival, in order to capture and analyze key elements relating to issues encountered in records-based research into the labor history of Yugoslav socialism. In combining ongoing historiographical (social and labor history) and theoretical (archival science) research with auto-ethnographic, practice-based reflections, the author outlines several observations, facts, and propositions, which may be of help to both researchers and archivists. The essay accepts the recent resurgence of Yugoslav labor history as a premise upon which it discusses key problems relating to fieldwork, local and historical case study research, obstacles relating to communication and information, as well as pressing issues in the field of the archival profession, upon which it elaborates possible strategies and practical solutions to remedy the current conditions.
Thèses sur le sujet "Social Conditions – history – Yugoslavia"
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Carter, David John. « International law and state failure : Somalia and Yugoslavia ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/193199/.
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The present study considers the treatment of failed States in international law. State failure represents a relatively recent phenomenon, which presents novel problems for the international community to deal with. For international law, the principles and experience of dealing with the creation, continuity and extinction of States present the nearest analogies, and so will form the basis of its responses to failure. Failure is defined as governmental and societal collapse in a State, so severe as to render it incapable of exercising internal and external sovereignty. It is likely to take the form of either conflictual implosion - such as in Somalia; or fragmentary explosion - as in Yugoslav ia. Accordingly, an examination of the treatment of these two failed States, during the early 1990s, provides the substantive basis of the study. The key aspects of Statehood under which the study proceeds are: loss of government as a criterion of Statehood; self-determination, including the emerging right of democratic governance; and recognition. Consideration of the Somali and Yugoslav experiences of failure, and their treatment under the three areas identified, evidences a strong inertia in the international system against findings of State failure - the Somali experience. The only exception is if such a finding is coupled with a potential solution, such as the possible emergence of new States - the Yugoslav experience. The determinations constitute a meta-legal process, which can be seen as indicative of a new conception of 'political international law'.
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Kukić, Leonard. « Economic growth, regional development, and nation formation under socialism : evidence from Yugoslavia ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3674/.
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Yugoslavia provides a fascinating historical setting to analyse the consequences of socialism – the greatest socio-economic experiment of the 20th century. Yugoslavia was one of fastest growing countries in the world until the late 1970s. During this period, it followed a different institutional trajectory compared to other socialist economies. But, during the 1980s, economic growth came to a standstill, and the country eventually descended into civil war. This doctoral dissertation is motivated by the aforementioned observations. It seeks to analyse them. The core of the thesis is composed of three closely related, but self-standing, papers. The unifying theme of the three papers is economic development in socialist Yugoslavia. The first paper revisits aggregate economic growth in Yugoslavia. I find that distorted labour incentives caused the slowdown of the Yugoslav economy. I argue that labour-managed firms hindered the ability of Yugoslavs to work. Since Yugoslavia was extremely heterogeneous, the second paper moves below the aggregate level in order to reconstruct the regional development trajectories. I find that regional income divergence was caused by the failure of the poorer regions to converge towards the employment rates and efficiency levels of the richer regions. I argue that this failure was caused by labour-managed firms as well, whereby they had a spatially uneven economic impact. In Yugoslavia, regional economic tensions were reinforcing, and were reinforced by, ethnic tensions. In the third paper, I explore ethnic relations by analysing the formation of Yugoslav national sentiment and its economic effects. I find that ethnically diverse municipalities were conducive towards the formation of Yugoslav sentiment because they stimulated ethnic intermarriage. In addition, I find that municipalities that contained a larger amount of self-declared Yugoslavs experienced a lower population fraction of deaths during the Bosnian War of 1992-1995.
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Chen, Xi Ying. « Actions and constraints of the European Union as an international actor : the case of Former Yugoslav crisis ». Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555595.
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Roy, Sutanuka. « Economics of social, gender, and income inequalities ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3727/.
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The thesis contains three chapters. The first chapter reports on the first large-scale randomized field experiment involving legally-recognized minorities to examine the causal effects of providing performance-based financial incentives based on social or income disadvantage on high stakes university test scores. The results are that the average test scores of the whole cohort goes down by .14 standard deviations when financial incentives were provided by income disadvantage while there is no effect on the test scores when financial incentives were provided by social disadvantage or when financial incentives were provided to all students. The chapter provides evidence of academic non-cooperation when financial incentives are offered by income status and no evidence of such peer effects when prize incentives are given by social disadvantage. The second chapter, which is a joint work with Dr. H.F.Tam, studies the impact of matrimonial laws introduced by the British in British provinces in colonial India during 1800s and early 1900s. Exploiting quasi-random variations of districts that were former British Provinces within each post-independent Indian states, we find that females have 5% lower chances of marrying under the current legal age, and 1.6% higher chance of attending school at 10-16 years old in regions that were formerly British Provinces. Furthermore, using historical Census of India 1901-1931 on marriage status of population between 0-15 years at district level, the chapter estimates the impact of Child Marriage abolition Act (1931) on child marriages in colonial India. The third chapter uses a large-scale novel panel dataset (2005-14) on schools from the Indian state of Assam to test for the impact of violent conflict on female student’s enrolment ratios. We find that a doubling of average killings in a districtyear leads to a 13 per cent drop in girl’s enrolment rate with school fixed effects.
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Seibold, Arthur. « Essays on behavioral responses to social insurance and taxation ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3759/.
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This thesis contains three essays on behavioral responses to social insurance and taxation. The first chapter documents and analyzes an important and puzzling stylized fact about retirement behavior: the large concentration of job exits at specific ages. In Germany, almost 30% of workers retire precisely in the month when they reach one of three “statutory” retirement ages, although there is often no incentive or even a disincentive to retire at these thresholds. To study what can explain the concentration of retirements around statutory ages, I use novel administrative data covering the universe of German retirees, and I take advantage of unique variation in retirement incentives as well as in the location of statutory ages across individuals created by the German pension system. Measuring retirement bunching responses to 644 different discontinuities in pension benefit profiles, I first document that financial incentives alone fail to explain retirement patterns in the data. Second, I show that there is a direct effect of “presenting” a threshold as a statutory age, which is substantially larger than that of financial incentives. Further evidence on mechanisms suggests the framing of statutory ages as reference points for retirement as an explanation. A number of alternative channels including firm responses are also discussed but they do not seem to drive the results. The second chapter analyzes bunching responses around reference points and argues that bunching methods are naturally suited to quantify reference-dependent preferences. Using a standard labor supply model, the workhorse of the bunching literature, I first show that different types of reference dependence all have a key prediction in common: They imply sharp bunching of the outcome at the reference point. Observed bunching can be linked to underlying parameters, which motivates both structural and reduced-form estimation methods to implement an empirical bunching approach to reference dependence. Finally, I present two applications in the context of retirement decisions. First, I find significant bunching responses at a type of “pure” reference point, namely round retirement ages. Second, I complement the analysis from chapter 1 with structural estimation and find a quantitatively important role of reference dependence at statutory retirement ages. Counterfactual simulations highlight that shifting statutory ages via pension reforms can be an effective policy to increase actual retirement ages with a positive fiscal impact. The third chapter turns to a topic from the realm of taxation. Modern systems of firm taxation typically feature a combination of payroll, valued-added, and corporate income taxes. However, they often exist alongside special presumptive tax regimes targeted at small and medium enterprises (SME), such as a single turnover tax. This chapter uses novel administrative data from S ̃ao Paulo (Brazil), including data on inter-firm trade, to shed light on the effects of such dual tax systems on firm growth, market competition, and production decisions. First, we show that the firm size distribution is distorted by the eligibility threshold for the presumptive tax system. Second, ineligible (larger) firms are adversely affected by reductions in the tax and compliance burden for SME. Third, we study the relationship between tax systems and production choices. The presumptive tax mainly replaces a payroll tax and a value-added tax by a turnover tax in our context. Accordingly, we find that firms in the presumptive tax regime use relatively more labor input and source more of their intermediate input from other firms in the same regime. This leads to partial segmentation of the trade network between firms in the two systems. We show that heterogeneity in firm production choices drives part of these correlations, but there is also a causal effect of tax regimes on input choices.
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Zabic, Sarah D. « Praxis, Student Protest, and Purposive Social Action : The Humanist Marxist Critique of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, 1964-1975 ». Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1279565524.
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Browne, Phyllis. « Educational reforms in Barbados, 1966-1986 : social implications ». Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66015.
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Tait, Irvine Wallace. « Voluntarism and the state in British social welfare 1914-1939 ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5065/.
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The New Right's critique of the welfare state has generated considerable interest in the history of alternative forms of welfare provision. Recent work has focused upon the continued existence of voluntarism alongside the growth of twentieth century state welfare. In doing this, it has reacted against the tendency of post-war social welfare writing to concentrate exclusively on the statutory social services. This thesis, therefore, adds to a growing body of writing on inter-war voluntary social action. However, it differs from the work of others by focusing upon the interplay of voluntary and statutory sectors in the face of war, industrial unrest and mass unemployment: in other words the upheavals of the early twentieth century. The main body of the research not only deals with the part played by both sectors in the delivery of social services, but also places voluntarism in a wider social context by exploring its ideological response to working-class assertiveness. Indeed, the belief in a British national community with interests that transcended class or sectional divisions was a common feature in voluntarism's attitude towards the above challenges and their implications for social stability. Thus, by highlighting the class objectives of the middle-class volunteer, this thesis avoids treating voluntary groups as simply the deliverers of social services in partnership with the state. As middle-class organisations operating within civil society, the charities covered in the pages ahead are placed alongside the state and capital in the defence of the existing economic and social order. Differences may have existed amongst charities over the correct mix in the statutory-voluntary welfare mix, but, as this thesis seeks to prove, this should not blind us to voluntarism's commitment to an over riding class interest.
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Bulczak, Grzegorz. « Essays on social networks, participation, and outcomes in education ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/346631/.
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This thesis explores the role of social networks in determining adolescents’ outcomes in schools. The thesis consists of three papers that seek to empirically test how characteristic of friendship networks and peers affect adolescents’ choices and performance in education. The main goal of the first paper is to estimate the effects of ego’s friends age diversity on academic performance. The findings provide evidence that having an age diversified friendship network results in significantly worse academic outcomes. Contrary to the previous research, no evidence is found that having a best friend of a different age, or a group of friends of average age that differs from an individual’s age is associated with worse outcomes in education. This paper addresses concerns about self-selection into networks and unobserved school level differences by using within-school variation and instrumental variable methods. The findings remain robust after the sample is limited to students with no criminal background and those that are in the expected grade for their given age. In the second paper a hypothesis that more interconnected networks (those with high density of friendships) positively impact on adolescents’ school performance due to more scope for norms and sanctions, is tested. The findings provide evidence that for an individual having a close network during high school results in significantly better academic outcomes. Individuals with friends that know each other are found to be more likely to go to college. This examination addresses concerns about self-selection into networks and unobserved school level differences. Instrumental variable approach is used to investigate the effects of closure on college attendance. The effects of closure on years of schooling are found to persist for both low and high quality networks. The findings remain robust for samples consisting of non-white and white individuals. The last paper takes a closer look at participation in extracurricular activities, a factor that is likely to influence network formation. In this chapter, the role of community composition in determining participation outcomes is examined. This investigation provides evidence suggesting that racial composition of communities affects adolescents’ participation in school extracurricular activities. The main contribution of this chapter is that problems related to sorting within communities and selection into schools, are carefully addressed.
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Haston, Catriona M. « A tale of two states : a comparative study of higher education reform and its effects on economic growth in East and West Germany 1945 - 1989 ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1780/.
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The hypothesis at the heart of this thesis is that long-term economic growth depends on the discovery and development of new ideas and technologies which enable innovation resulting in increased productivity. As technological innovation generally results from research processes instigated and performed by those with higher levels of education, it becomes important to analyse higher education as an economic actor as well as a symbolic institution of cultural and elite reproduction. The thesis compares the development of higher levels of human capital in East and West Germany over the period 1945 – 1990: states with two very different and competing myths of democratic legitimacy and radically opposed social, political and economic systems but both convinced that human capital development held the key to reconstruction and economic growth. In highlighting the imperatives for reform and outlining the main changes which took place in higher education within the strictures imposed by competing ideologies, the thesis assesses the effectiveness of human capital investment in terms of the success of the economic objectives identified by both countries. The thesis finds that the initial hypothesis is proven, albeit that its effectiveness was mitigated by a number of external economic shocks and internal social and political factors which, in the end, led to the demise of the East German regime.
Livres sur le sujet "Social Conditions – history – Yugoslavia"
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Sullivan, Kimberly L. Slobodan Milosevic's Yugoslavia. Minneapolis : Twenty-First Century Books, 2009.
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Allcock, John B. Explaining Yugoslavia : John B. Allcock. London : Hurst & Co., 2000.
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Explaining Yugoslavia : John B. Allcock. New York : Columbia University Press, 2000.
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Allcock, John B. Explaining Yugoslavia : John B. Allcock. New York : Columbia University Press, 2000.
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Rusinow, Dennison I. Yugoslavia : Oblique insights and observations. Pittsburgh : University of Pittsburgh Press, 2008.
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1933-, Stokes Gale, dir. Yugoslavia : Oblique insights and observations. Pittsburgh : University of Pittsburgh Press, 2008.
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Cohen, Lenard J. Broken bonds : The disintegration of Yugoslavia. Boulder : Westview Press, 1993.
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Women & revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945. Denver, Colo : Arden Press, 1990.
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1949-, Ramet Sabrina P., et Adamović Ljubiša S, dir. Beyond Yugoslavia : Politics, economics, and culture in a shattered community. Boulder : Westview Press, 1995.
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The shared history : The faith of refugees and emigrants from the territory of former Yugoslavia. Salzburg : Institute for Historical Justice and Reconciliation, 2009.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Social Conditions – history – Yugoslavia"
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Price, M. Philips. « Labour Conditions and Social Security ». Dans A History of Turkey, 196–205. London : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003242802-21.
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Taylor, David. « Social and Economic Conditions in Britain 1793–1822 ». Dans Mastering Economic and Social History, 219–37. London : Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19377-6_15.
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Hitti, Philip K. « Political Administration and Social Conditions Under the Umayvads ». Dans History of the Arabs, 224–39. London : Macmillan Education UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-03982-8_20.
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Rutar, Sabine, et Radina Vučetić. « The Engineering of Political Equidistance and Its Consequences : The Vietnam War and Popular Protest in Yugoslavia ». Dans Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements, 141–69. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81050-4_6.
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Jakovina, Tvrtko. « Collective Experiences and Collective Memories : Writing the History of Crisis, Wars, and the “Balkanisation of Yugoslavia” ». Dans War, Community, and Social Change, 25–41. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7491-3_2.
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Jopp, Tobias A., et Jochen Streb. « Social insurance and its consequences for workers' living conditions ». Dans An Economic History of the First German Unification, 217–35. London : Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003283430-16.
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Sutterlütti, Simon, et Stefan Meretz. « The Individual and Society ». Dans Make Capitalism History, 109–40. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14645-9_5.
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AbstractIn this chapter, the authors’ own theoretical foundations are outlined. Their theory of the individual comes from Klaus Holzkamp’s Critical Psychology. For Critical Psychology, humans stand out from animals because they produce their own living conditions such as houses, infrastructure, language or state, racism and market, and therefore can change them. According to Critical Psychology, humans have both sensual-vital needs such as the pursuit of food or shelter, and productive needs to participate in the disposition of the societal conditions in order to secure the sources of need satisfaction. They understand society as a material, symbolic and social framework for action that has a certain degree of independence. Society is determined by forms of mediation via market, state planning, self-organisation and so on. This mediation can provide a logic of inclusion that promotes solidary and just action, or a logic of exclusion that prompts living at the expense of others to satisfy one’s own needs.
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Chiaromonte, William. « Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Italy ». Dans IMISCOE Research Series, 241–56. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_16.
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Abstract This chapter presents the main characteristics of the Italian social security system, on the one hand, and Italian migration history and key policy developments, on the other hand, in order to analyze the principal eligibility conditions for accessing social benefits (unemployment, health care, pensions, family benefits and guaranteed minimum resources) for national residents, non-national residents and non-resident nationals.
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Giacomucci, Scott. « Creating an Evidence Base for Social Work, Group Work, and Psychodrama ». Dans Social Work, Sociometry, and Psychodrama, 187–210. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6342-7_10.
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AbstractThis chapter is devoted to outlining the research literature of psychodrama and group therapy. Evidence-based practice trends and their impact on practice in the field of social work are described. Psychodrama is also framed within the research bases of the humanistic-experiential psychotherapies, creative arts therapies, and body- and movement-oriented therapies. While the quality and quantity of research available on the effectiveness of psychodrama are limited, current findings support its use to as a treatment for various mental health conditions. Shortcomings and critiques of research in psychodrama are included while indicating a need for higher quality psychodrama research studies. The research history of psychodrama’s founder, Jacob Moreno, is also described to provide insight on psychodrama’s historical relationship to research.
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Arrighi, Jean-Thomas, et Jean-Michel Lafleur. « Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for French Citizens Abroad ». Dans IMISCOE Research Series, 193–206. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51245-3_11.
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Abstract While predominantly a country of immigration, France also counts with a sizeable population of citizens abroad of around three million individuals (4% of the domestic population). This chapter provides a general overview of France’s diaspora institutions, consular policies and social protection policies for citizens abroad. It describes in detail expatriates’ conditions of eligibility and access to welfare in the areas of unemployment, health care, pensions, family benefits and economic hardship. It shows that France, by European standards, has a comparatively strong level of engagement with its expatriates, particularly in the areas of electoral rights, culture and social protection. This must be understood in the light of France’s colonial history, its continued ambition to be a global actor, and its well-developed domestic welfare state that has increasingly become de-territorialised.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Social Conditions – history – Yugoslavia"
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Marković, Đorđe. « VIDOVDANSKI USTAV U UDžBENICIMA USTAVNOG PRAVA – VEK KASNIJE ». Dans 100 GODINA OD VIDOVDANSKOG USTAVA. Faculty of law, University of Kragujevac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/zbvu21.057m.
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The article analyses the attitude of writers of the constitutional law textbooks from the former Yugoslavia towards the Vidovdan Constitution. The author focuses on the textbooks used at the time of writing in teaching and for exam preparation of Constitutional Law at state-owned law faculties as of academic year 2020/21. However, the analysis also includes several textbooks that represent a kind of historical readings. By comparing the relevant materials, the author made an attempt to shed light on scientific, legal and even political attitude of various authors towards the Vidovdan Constitution, and indirectly towards the Yugoslav state itself. The significance of this analysis is reflected in the fact that young generations - future lawyers and members of the social elites of the states created on Yugoslav foundations, get acquainted with their constitutional history through textbooks of constitutional law.
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Bendayan, R., et RJ Dobson. « OP21 Cognitive performance and history of multiple health conditions in older adults ». Dans Society for Social Medicine and Population Health and International Epidemiology Association European Congress Annual Scientific Meeting 2019, Hosted by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and International Epidemiology Association (IEA), School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, 4–6 September 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2019-ssmabstracts.21.
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Dimitrova, Svetoslava, et Sonya Spasova. « REGIONAL LIBRARIES AND REGIONAL HISTORY MUSEUMS IN BULGARIA IN THE CONDITIONS OF LOCKDOWN : SOCIAL NETWORK CASE STUDY ». Dans 13th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2021.1169.
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Scharmen, Fred. « A Brief Pre-History of Houses Who Tweet ». Dans 105th ACSA Annual Meeting Paper Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.105.75.
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There are currently only a few houses who use social media. But with the increasing availability of inexpensive hardware, and prolific networked software, the number of houses who actively communicate online in one way or another is sure to grow. An examination of some tweeting house types from within the context of architecture history and theory reveals some models for how this social architecture might develop.This paper shows that tweeting houses raise concerns that are solidly within the set of questions traditionally addressed by architecture. The tweeting house’s existence depends on acts of translation between different media, some managed by a designer, some automated. The tweeting house actively presents social and tectonic affordances that offer opportunities for engagement, functional and otherwise. And finally, tweeting houses raise issues about the public, external representation of a set of private, internal conditions, some of them personal to the house’s occupants, some of them intended for broader reading. This paper will use examples from the history of architecture, adjacent design disciplines, computer science, science fiction, and hybrid example projects that partake of all of these fields, to show that while the house with a social media account is a unique and new techno-architectural possibility, it is not without history or precedent.
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Palipane, Kelum, et Janet McGaw. « An Interdisciplinary Architectural Pedagogy for Social Relevance ». Dans 2019 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.61.
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We live in a time of rapid geo-political change that is expected to accelerate rather than stabilise over the coming decades: More than half the world lives in urban areas, a figure expected to rise to 68% over the next 30 years. Cities are denser and more socially complex than ever before. Rural to urban internal migration continues, but a substantial driver of population transitions is a consequence of inter-national immigration, some of it forced. In fact, there are currently 65 million displaced people in the world; the largest figure in history. These increasingly complex conditions require architects to practice a new kind of critical consciousness about the socio-economic, environmental and demographic multiplicities in which they work. It’s no longer enough to concentrate on the conditions of a site defined by the lines of property ownership. Architects need to adopt a contextually relevant praxis that responds to the multiscalar effects of our changing social condition. To that end, we argue, the emerging generation of architects will need knowledge and methods – often inter-disciplinary – that enable them to read and represent these social complexities and address them through critical design responses. This paper presents a pedagogical approach for a foundational transdisciplinary design studio within a new generalist undergraduate degree in design in which this pedagogical challenge is addressed. It is a core subject in the pathway to professional a master’s degrees in architecture, landscape architecture and urban design.
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Dyachkov, V. « MIGRATION OF RUSSIAN POPULATION FROM 1880s TO 1940s : CONDITIONS, METHODOLOGY AND TECHNIQUE OF INVESTIGATION ». Dans Man and Nature : Priorities of Modern Research in the Area of Interaction of Nature and Society. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2592.s-n_history_2021_44/106-114.
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The article states the methodological and research technique conditions for the historical disclosure of the socio-natural synergy of social history in the specific case of Russian population migrations in the more than eventful period from the reign of Alexander III to the Great Patriotic War and the first post-war years, inclusive. The requirements for a modern researcher of social processes on long continuous series of complex sociographic and demographic information are formulated. The public and author's mass sources are named, which are necessary for identifying and comparing the synergisms of migrations at five levels of populations of individual settlements, a subregion, a region, a macro-region and the country as a whole, and an algorithm for their processing is shown. Some of the most important results of the study of migration as a complex socio-natural mechanism of regulation and control of populations are presented in graphs, diagrams, histograms and maps.
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Schwartz, Horacio. « Tel Aviv : from Patrick Geddes' Utopian Social City to the International City of Late Capitalism ». Dans 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.20.
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In contemporary society – according to Dennis Potter’s dictum – citizens have been transformed into consumers. The shift in social power behind this process is mirrored in the changing shape of the city. Tel Aviv, founded just eighty five years ago, is an extreme example of the interaction between urban conceptions and configurations and dominant social forces. By means of a schematic section through the history of the city, this paper attempts an assessment of the role of those forces and conceptions – or their absence – in determining the nature and scope of the present transformations of the urban fabric. Tel-Aviv is an assemblage of past and recent urban utopias, constrained by conditions, scaled-down and transformed, but still identifiable and influential. Partly “collision city” and partly “collage city” – in Colin Rowe’s terms – its growth, while chronologically continuous, resulted in a fragmented pattern; each district reflecting the urban ideals and historical conditions under which it came into being. Four determinant stages can be detected in the ascent of the city.
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خزعل جبر, لؤي. « Social Psychological Dynamics of the Saddamist and ISIS genocides in Iraq ». Dans Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/11.
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Genocide is an attempt to wipe out an entire group of human beings, either directly by killing them, or indirectly by creating conditions favorable to their death, for disciplinary purposes aimed at punishing, blaming and retaliating against the victim, routine institutionalization in the context of war, utilitarianism aimed at achieving a specific gain, A monopoly aimed at identifying the dominant in power, and an ideology aimed at creating an optimal society and erasing all that is impure. The scientific study of genocide in a calm cognitive way is a humanitarian and historical necessity, because the horrific and tragic outcomes of this phenomenon threaten the depth of human existence and human values. It is a complex phenomenon that can be approached from multiple sides, philosophical, political, sociological, economic, historical and psychological, each of these approaches has a great value in understanding the phenomenon, but the psychological and social dimensions are at the core of these approaches. In a previous study by the researcher on the Iraqi historical memory (Ghabr, 2014), the strength of the presence of the genocides - Saddamism and terrorism - was found among the most important events in contemporary Iraqi history in the Iraqi historical memory, and it fell within the first factor (suffering) in the content of that memory, the factor that Intertwined with a complex web of relationships with political cultures and social movements. Therefore, the current study will work on clarifying the psychosocial dynamics of genocide through a comprehensive review of the specialized literature, and employing those insights in understanding the genocide in the Iraqi context, as the Iraqi context witnessed multiple and horrific genocide campaigns, in the time of totalitarianism and Daaeshism, and such an approach constitutes an existential necessity in Iraq.
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Oleynikov, Yu. « SOCIETIES AND CIVILIZATIONS : PRIORITIES OF MODERN RESEARCH ». Dans Man and Nature : Priorities of Modern Research in the Area of Interaction of Nature and Society. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2580.s-n_history_2021_44/18-26.
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Despite of unprecedented level of financing and IT support, the world science didn’t demonstrate meaningful fundamental achievements in study of the ecologic problems of interaction between nature and society and the socio-natural history within the recent 50 years. Social and ideology causes of conceptual infertility of social ecology and of social sciences as a whole are analyzed, such infertility rooted in absence of conditions for creative research into problems of profound social-economic transformation of the society and for search of real paths of development of the social form of being of humans and of the whole of planet’s socio-natural Universum. Ideological engagement of contemporary scholars and their leaning towards the “end of history” and “sustainable development” concepts as a justification of eternal and qualitative stability of liberal capitalism are the reasons of this situation in philosophy and in distinct natural and social sciences. Narrow specialization of scholars, poor knowledge of theoretical heritage accumulated in various countries are of considerable importance as well, these drawbacks not allowing for synthesis of data obtained in particular fields of science to lead to development of fundamental understanding about being of contemporary socio-natural whole.
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Drossinou-Korea, Maria. « Targeted, individually structured special education and training intervention programs and pedagogical applications in museum ». Dans 7th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.11107d.
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Anthropocentric museums are “an important place in public debate, creation and questioning ideas” because they can have a positive impact on the lives of underprivileged or marginalized people. They can also strengthen specific communities and contribute to the creation of fairer societies. The science of Museology together with the science of Special Education and Training (SET) support with the Targeted Individual Structured and Integrated Program for Students with Special Educational needs (TISIPfSEN), in children and young people with special educational needs and disabilities (SENDs). The purpose of this work was to study museology applications in accordance with the pedagogical tool TISIPfSEN. The main working hypothesis explored access to theatre and entertainment events, museums and archaeological sites of people with SENDs, which is not always an easy process given that they are a heterogeneous group due to their inherent or acquired specificity. The applications also drew pedagogical materials through the charm of the art of theatre and puppetry. In this context, performances were given free of charge through the Kalamata Experimental Stage to children and young people with SENDs, in the city of Kalamata and Sparta. This project led to voluntary application from students of department of history of University of Peloponnese. The results showed that people’s disability does not always mean impotence. Accessibility to museum programs and theatrical events in modern organized societies is possible. The learning process becomes accessible with the pedagogical tool TISIPfSEN to people with special needs. Necessary conditions, knowledge in the SET and the necessary training of all according to universal design. In conclusion, TISIPfSEN museum pedagogical programs facilitate different social groups in approaching, understanding the differential material culture, with alternative forms of communication and learning, given that heterogeneity in nature is a universal phenomenon.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Social Conditions – history – Yugoslavia"
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Harris, Bernard. Anthropometric history and the measurement of wellbeing. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.rev02.
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It has often been recognised that the average height of a population is influencedby the economic, social and environmental conditions in which it finds itself, andthis insight has inspired a generation of historians to use anthropometric data toinvestigate the health and wellbeing of past populations. This paper reviews someof the main developments in the field, and assesses the extent to which heightremains a viable measure of historical wellbeing. It explores a number of differentissues, including the nature of human growth; the impact of variations in diet andexposure to disease; the role of ethnicity; the relationships between height, mortalityand labour productivity; and the “social value” of human stature. It concludes that,despite certain caveats, height has retained its capacity to act as a “mirror” of theconditions of past societies, and of the wellbeing of their members.
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Demeuov, Аrman, Ordenbek Mazbayev, Gulbanu Aukenova, Ihor Kholoshyn et Iryna Varfolomyeyeva. Pedagogical possibilities of tourist and local history activities. EDP Sciences, juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4620.
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In the new socio-economic conditions in the education system, forms of organization of tourist and local history activities are developing, which are based on traditions, experience of extracurricular and extracurricular work, taking into account the changes that have occurred in the country. Life requires that the tasks facing educational institutions are resolved quickly and have not just any solution, but one that optimizes the pedagogical process. At the same time, these requirements come into conflict with the state of the education system, the limited ability of most parents to create conditions for the full development of the child. The tasks facing the education system can be implemented in tourism and local history activities. The main task is to create the necessary conditions for the comprehensive development of the child’s personality, his social adaptation in the process of participation in various types of tourist and local history activities. However, the school teacher is not ready to organize and conduct tourist and local history activities at school, as he is not professionally prepared for this activity. Questions of the organization, forms and methods of teacher training for the organization of tourist and local history activities are practically not reflected in the educational and methodological literature. There are no scientific studies that would allow us to effectively solve the pedagogical tasks of preparing the organizers of tourist and local history activities in the school.
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Bohuslavskyj, Oleh. UKRAINIAN-CANADIAN NEWSPAPER “NEW PATHWAY” : WINNIPEG PERIOD (1941-1977). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11391.
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The subject of the study is the ideological, financial, economic and socio-social conditions of the publishing house and the editorial board of the magazine “New Pathway” Winnipeg period 1941-1977. The main objectives is to determine the peculiarities of the conditions of publishing a Ukrainian magazine in exile, which provides for the systematization and introduction into scientific circulation of factual material on creative and material activities of the “New Pathway” and socio-political environment that influenced the information and ideological and business policy of the publication. The basis of the research methodology is axiological, cultural, systemic approaches; methods of historicism, analysis, synthesis, generalization were used. The study provides not only a description of the historical path of the publication in this period, but also the reasons for miscalculations and successes, both financial and economic and socio-political, which allowed not only to stay in the information field and market for more than ninety years, technical circumstances of its existence, the political struggle in the new wave of emigration after World War II, changes in demographic and linguistic situation among the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada. The reasons for the situational increase and decrease in the activity of the publication’s subscribers were identified; the mechanisms of expanding the readership, attracting new readers and authors are analyzed; confirmed that the efforts of editors and directors of the publishing house at the initial stage of the Winnipeg period created and strengthened the material and technical base of the publishing house, conducted advertising campaigns and direct work to attract new subscribers and readers; The significance of the study is that for the first time in Ukraine the information about the Winnipeg period of the Ukrainian-Canadian weekly “New Pathway”, its financial and financial problems and creative and editorial successes was analyzed and summarized, thus filling another page in the history of Ukrainian diaspora periodicals.
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Avis, William. Refugee and Mixed Migration Displacement from Afghanistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), août 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.002.
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This rapid literature review summarises evidence and key lessons that exist regarding previous refugee and mixed migration displacement from Afghanistan to surrounding countries. The review identified a diverse literature that explored past refugee and mixed migration, with a range of quantitative and qualitative studies identified. A complex and fluid picture is presented with waves of mixed migration (both outflow and inflow) associated with key events including the: Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989); Afghan Civil War (1992–96); Taliban Rule (1996–2001); War in Afghanistan (2001–2021). A contextual picture emerges of Afghans having a long history of using mobility as a survival strategy or as social, economic and political insurance for improving livelihoods or to escape conflict and natural disasters. Whilst violence has been a principal driver of population movements among Afghans, it is not the only cause. Migration has also been associated with natural disasters (primarily drought) which is considered a particular issue across much of the country – this is associated primarily with internal displacement. Further to this, COVID-19 is impacting upon and prompting migration to and from Afghanistan. Data on refugee and mixed migration movement is diverse and at times contradictory given the fluidity and the blurring of boundaries between types of movements. Various estimates exist for numbers of Afghanistan refugees globally. It is also important to note that migratory flows are often fluid involving settlement in neighbouring countries, return to Afghanistan. In many countries, Afghani migrants and refugees face uncertain political situations and have, in recent years, been ‘coerced’ into returning to Afghanistan with much discussion of a ‘return bias’ being evident in official policies. The literature identified in this report (a mix of academic, humanitarian agency and NGO) is predominantly focused on Pakistan and Iran with a less established evidence base on the scale of Afghan refugee and migrant communities in other countries in the region. . Whilst conflict has been a primary driver of displacement, it has intersected with drought conditions and poor adherence to COVID-19 mitigation protocols. Past efforts to address displacement internationally have affirmed return as the primary objective in relation to durable solutions; practically, efforts promoted improved programming interventions towards creating conditions for sustainable return and achieving improved reintegration prospects for those already returned to Afghanistan.
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Afro-descendant Peoples’ Territories in Biodiversity Hotspots across Latin America and the Caribbean : Barriers to Inclusion in Conservation Policies. Rights and Resources Initiative, février 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/ftmk5991.
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Afro-descendant Peoples are an integral part of the history and the economic, political, and social processes of nation-building and development in Latin America and the Caribbean. In fact, national censuses estimate that 21 percent of the region’s total population—just over 134 million people—are Afro-descendants. Yet, despite significant legislative progress at the international and national levels recognizing cultural and ethnic diversity and the rights of Afro-descendant Peoples, social and economic conditions are still drastically unequal and there are large information and recognition gaps that affect their rights. This study seeks to raise awareness of the territorial presence of Afro-descendant Peoples in 16 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean*. The aim is to progressively identify the presence, titled and untitled lands, and territories of Afro-descendant Peoples and to advocate for the recognition of their collective tenure rights. Although Afro-descendant Peoples in the region have been fighting for a place in international climate and conservation debates, not having defined boundaries for their ancestral lands has been an obstacle to adequately establishing how important their territories are for protecting biodiversity and dealing with complex challenges such as ecosystem degradation, loss of food systems, and other environmental problems. *The 16 countries studied are: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.