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Vespa, Anna, Maria Velia Giulietti, Paolo Fabbietti, Mirko Di Rosa, Pisana Gattafoni, Riccardo Sarzani, Giorgio Arnaldi et al. « Structural Analysis of Social Behavior : Using Cluster Analysis to Examine Intrapsychic Personality Traits Associated With Depression in Women With Breast Cancer ». Cancer Control 29 (janvier 2022) : 107327482211033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10732748221103327.
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Background This study aimed to investigate personality traits associated with depression in breast cancer women (BCW). Methods Sample: 236 BCW recently diagnosed (early stages). Tests: SASB-Structural-Analysis of Social-Behavior; IPAT-CDQ-Depression . Statistical analysis: cluster K-Means analysis to explore SASB personality-traits considering the 8 SASB clusters (Cl); CDQ scores dichotomized by 50th percentile cutoff (high/low); Pearson’s chi square test to compare CDQ levels and SASB traits. Results Cluster analysis results supported two distinguishable SASB personality traits (for all SASB Cl-Scales P < .001) classified as “Love and Autonomy” (62.2%) and “Control and Hate” (37.8%). Patients with Love/Autonomy traits are spontaneous, accept their deepest feelings and desire to be close to other people (Cl1, Cl2, Cl3, Cl4). They show a medium value of self-control and a low tendency to self-abusive and self-critical behaviors (Cl5, Cl6). They pay attention to themselves and to their needs at emotional and physical levels also if may be occasionally engaged in self-destructive behaviors (Cl7, Cl8). Women with Control/Hate traits are not spontaneous and do not always express emotions (C1, Cl2, Cl3, Cl4) and flexibility in their relationship with others (Cl5, Cl6). In stressful situations, they may ignore the option of choices for self-growth and neglect their needs and those of others (Cl7, Cl8). BCWs with Control/Hate traits scored higher in depression ( P <.001) than those with the Love/Autonomy profile. Conclusions Healthcare professionals should be aware of these personality traits and their association with depression to identify the psychologically most vulnerable BCW and improve the care they provide them. The psychotherapeutic intervention should be planned to face on the personality problems.
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Chihota, Clement Mapfumo. « Critical Language Awareness : A beckoning frontier in social work education ? » Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 29, no 2 (26 juillet 2017) : 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol29iss2id287.
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INTRODUCTION: Effective social work practice is predicated on empowering, inclusive and culturally responsive communication, and yet, there appears to be very limited focus on language awareness, let alone critical language awareness, in contemporary social work education—both within and beyond the Australasia context. This gap is more worrying against a background where neoliberal and instrumental discourses (Habermas, 1969; O’Regan, 2001) have freely proliferated, and now threaten to colonise virtually all areas of private and public life (Chouliaraki Fairclough, 1999). In response, this article advocates the inclusion of Critical Language Awareness (CLA) in contemporary social work education.APPROACH: This article initially maps the broad scope and historical emergence of CLA, before surveying its key political and theoretical influences.FINDINGS: The key outcome is that CLA—as delineated—clearly shares significant overlaps with social work co-values, particularly: justice, equality and a commitment to anti-discriminatory and anti-oppressive practice (Dominelli, 2002; Payne, 1997). More importantly, CLA provides conceptual and analytical resources that promise to significantly sharpen students’ abilities to recognise, question and ultimately challenge, oppressive discourses (Fairclough, 2011; Manjarres, 2011; Wodak, 2006).CONCLUSION: It is recommended that CLA strands be woven into existing social work themes and topics. The final part of the article offers some practical suggestions on how this could be done.
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Hamdi, Sami Abdullah. « Developing Critical Perspectives among EFL Learners : Insights from Language Educators ». Education Sciences 13, no 1 (12 janvier 2023) : 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci13010081.
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The number of English as a foreign language (EFL) programs has increased around the world. However, they lack a critical perspective. Throughout their learning, EFL learners are exposed to diverse sociocultural and sociopolitical content that should be approached with a critical stance. EFL educators play a significant role in designing the curriculum and teaching EFL programs. The current study explores their views and opinions on incorporating critical language awareness (CLA) in EFL or English as a second language programs to develop critical perspectives among learners. The findings of this study revealed a recognition of the need for CLA in EFL classrooms in the context of a more socially informed learning experience. Three major themes arose from the interviews: making EFL teaching and learning informed by the social context, applying critical discourse analysis (CDA) and critical thinking skills as analytical tools to social issues, and empowering EFL educators with the appropriate professional training. The study’s findings also showed that the participants had a positive attitude and readiness to integrate CLA in EFL classrooms.
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Sauret, Marie-Jean. « Féminin et lien social ». La clinique lacanienne 11, no 2 (2006) : 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cla.011.0091.
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Clemens, Russell. « Asian Elephant Futures : A Causal Layered Analysis with Gregory Bateson in Mind ». World Futures Review 12, no 1 (18 novembre 2019) : 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1946756719885661.
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Human population growth and dwindling fragmented natural habitats for elephants in Asia are leading to increasing conflict between humans and wild elephants. Sohail Inayatullah’s Causal layered analysis (CLA) is applied to understand the human–elephant conflict (HEC) situation. Gregory Bateson’s “ecology of mind” (EoM; epistemology, recurrence, abduction, and metaphor) is also employed to focus on possible implications of metaphor, epistemology, and social–psychological misalignments. The article aims to inform multidisciplinary practitioners on the relevance of applying both CLA and EoM to social–ecological issues in the twenty-first century. CLA and EoM are compatible and complementary multilayered approaches which, as metaphorical approaches, share mixed entailments. Bateson’s “double bind” theory is applied within CLA to explore the implications of possible Asian elephant extinction within the Anthropocene in respect to Indian (Hindu and Buddhist) cosmologies.
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Li, Meng, Jinzhe Li, Yuxuan Huang, Munkh-Amgalan Gantumur, Akhunzada Bilawal, Abdul Qayum et Zhanmei Jiang. « Comparison of Oxidative and Physical Stabilities of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Emulsions Stabilized by Glycosylated Whey Protein Hydrolysates via Two Pathways ». Foods 11, no 13 (23 juin 2022) : 1848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11131848.
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The objective of the research was to analyze and compare the oxidative and physical stabilities of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) emulsions stabilized by two glycosylated hydrolysates (GPP-A and GPP-B) that were formed via two different pathways. This study showed that GPP-A exhibited higher browning intensity and DPPH radical scavenging ability in comparison with GPP-B. Moreover, the CLA emulsion formed by GPP-A exhibited a lower creaming index, average particle size, primary and secondary oxidative products, in comparison with GPP-B-loaded emulsion. However, the GPP-A-loaded emulsion showed a higher absolute potential and fraction of interfacial adsorption than that of the CLA emulsion formed by GPP-B. Therefore, the CLA emulsion formed by GPP-A exhibited stronger stabilities in comparison with the GPP-B-loaded emulsion. These results suggested that GPP-A showed an emulsification-based delivery system for embedding CLA to avoid the loss of biological activities. Additionally, the development of CLA emulsions could exert its physiological functions and prevent its oxidation.
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Jiao, Qiyang, Ziyuan Liu, Baoyun Li, Bo Tian, Ning Zhang, Chunhong Liu, Zhibiao Feng et Bin Jiang. « Development of Antioxidant and Stable Conjugated Linoleic Acid Pickering Emulsion with Protein Nanofibers by Microwave-Assisted Self-Assembly ». Foods 10, no 8 (15 août 2021) : 1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081892.
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Whey protein isolate nanofibrils (WPNFs) can be used as a novel stabilizer in the Pickering emulsion system to improve the water solubility, stability and bioavailability of lipophilic bioactive ingredients. In this study, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and WPNFs were used to prepare a stable Pickering emulsion. We used a transmission electron microscope, low-temperature scanning electron micrographs and other methods to evaluate the micromorphology, surface hydrophobicity and structural units of the obtained WPNFs. Compared with whey protein isolate/CLA Pickering emulsion, the WPNFs/CLA Pickering emulsion has greater ability to remove 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-amino-di(2-ethyl-benzothiazoline sulphonic acid-6) ammonium salt free radicals. Furthermore, the WPNFs/CLA Pickering emulsion has a more stable effect in terms of droplet size and zeta potential over a wider range of ionic strength and temperature conditions. These findings indicate that Pickering emulsion stabilized by WPNFs is more suitable as a carrier of CLA, as it increases the solubility of CLA and has better active applications in biology and food.
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Douville, Olivier. « « Mélancolie dans le lien social », corps et devenir adolescent ». La clinique lacanienne 15, no 1 (2009) : 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cla.015.0167.
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Holdaway, Marcelle. « Crossing disciplines ». Pacific Accounting Review 31, no 1 (4 février 2019) : 159–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-11-2017-0093.
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Purpose Social and environmental accountability by firms can be compromised by a lack of democracy within community engagement and decision-making processes. This is particularly evident in potential conflict situations such as with unconventional gas (UCG) extraction. Dialogic engagement sits within dialogic accounting theory and offers a potentially valuable contribution to democratisation. This study aims to contribute to dialogic engagement as practice through the application of critical futures theory and methodology, causal layered analysis (CLA). Design/methodology/approach CLA was applied in field research firstly in interviews and then in a workshop setting involving participants with diverse perspectives on UCG. The workshop was planned around activities designed to: implement dialogic engagement as practice, critically unpack views on the present and future of UCG and energy needs through CLA; and evaluate the usefulness of the methodology. Findings Findings suggest that CLA enables access to multiple, complex and nuanced perspectives and facilitates, a deeper understanding of participants own views and of other differing views in relation to UCG, 1) a deeper understanding of participants own views, and of other differing views in relation to UCG, 2) a deeper analysis in the identification of key themes in discussions around UCG, and, 3) the identification by participants of “preferred futures” and “uncertainties” concerning energy needs. Practical implications CLA is a valuable tool for undertaking genuine community engagement and has wide-ranging application, one example being with interviews and focus groups. Moreover, with the inclusion of diverse perspectives, options and solutions emerging for consideration are increased. This in turn provides opportunities for creative decision-making through scenario identification and strategic development that potentially give rise to transformative possibilities. Social implications CLA may well assist in moving firms, and indeed civil society, closer to reaching preferable social and environmental outcomes. Originality/value This cross-disciplinary research applies an innovative approach and methodology, taking democratic engagement to new depths.
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Moloney, Aidan P., Shane McGettrick, Peter G. Dunne, Kevin J. Shingfield, Robert Ian Richardson, Frank J. Monahan, Finbar J. Mulligan, Marion Ryan et Torres Sweeney. « Supplementation with Sunflower/Fish Oil-Containing Concentrates in a Grass-Based Beef Production System : Influence on Fatty Acid Composition, Gene Expression, Lipid and Colour Stability and Sensory Characteristics of Longissimus Muscle ». Foods 11, no 24 (15 décembre 2022) : 4061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11244061.
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Beef contains an array of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers for which positive effects have been reported in animal models of human disease. The objectives were to develop a CLA-enriched beef production system and to assess its quality. Sixty Spring-born heifers were housed in Autumn and offered unwilted grass silage and a barley/soyabean concentrate or wilted grass silage and a concentrate containing sunflower oil and fish oil. In May, both groups were offered either pasture for 22 weeks, restricted pasture and sunflower oil and fish oil for 22 weeks, or pasture for 11 weeks and restricted pasture and sunflower oil and fish oil for the final 11 weeks. The predominant CLA isomer in beef was cis9, trans11 representing on average, 80% total CLA. The modified winter diet followed by supplementation for 22 weeks resulted in beef that had a CLA concentration that was higher, at a comparable intramuscular fatty acid concentration, than previously reported. The lipid and colour stability (over 10 days in modified atmosphere packaging) and sensory characteristics were generally not negatively affected. There were minor effects on the expression of candidate genes involved in lipid metabolism. Consumption of this beef would make a substantial contribution to the quantity of CLA suggested to have a positive effect on consumer health.
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Beriain, María José, Francisco C. Ibañez, Edurne Beruete, Inmaculada Gómez et Miguel Beruete. « Estimation of Fatty Acids in Intramuscular Fat of Beef by FT-MIR Spectroscopy ». Foods 10, no 1 (13 janvier 2021) : 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10010155.
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The aim of this research was to estimate the fatty acid (FA) content of intramuscular fat from beef by Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy. Four diets were supplemented in 10% linseed (LS) and/or 2% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA): CON (without L or CLA), LS, CLA, and LS+CLA. For each diet, 12 young Holstein bulls were allocated. The spectral response of the beef samples was analyzed applying FT-MIR spectroscopy (from 400 to 4000 cm−1) and predictive models were developed using partial least square regression with cross-validation. The obtained coefficients (R2) for some FA, such as α-linolenic acid with a R2 = 0.96 or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) with R2 = 0.93, demonstrate that FT-MIR spectroscopy is a valid technique to estimate the content of FA. In addition, samples were correctly classified according to the animal diet using discriminant analysis in the region 3000–1000 cm−1. The obtained results suggest that the FT-MIR spectroscopy could be a viable technique for routine use in quality control because it provides fast and sustainable analysis of FA content. Furthermore, this technique allows the rapid estimation of the FA composition, specifically n-3 PUFA and CLA, of nutritional interest in meat. It also allows the classification of meat samples by the animal diet.
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Beaudrie, Sara, Angelica Amezcua et Sergio Loza. « Critical language awareness for the heritage context : Development and validation of a measurement questionnaire ». Language Testing 36, no 4 (26 avril 2019) : 573–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265532219844293.
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Critical language awareness (CLA) is increasingly identified as a central component of the Spanish heritage language (SHL) classroom (Leeman, 2005; Martínez, 2003; among others). As a minority language, SHL is subject to sociopolitical, cultural, and economic forces that devalue its status. It is devalued in the eyes of the public, as a legitimate U.S. language, and as something worthy of being maintained. It is essential that students receive instruction not only in the heritage language, but also on the contextual factors that affect the Spanish-English sociopolitical relationship in the United States. Such instruction will enable learners to begin resisting heritage language loss by questioning language ideologies that promote English monolingualism and standard, monolingual Spanish as the ideal norm. The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire with adequate psychometric properties to measure CLA in the SHL context. The respondents were 301 students enrolled in SHL courses in four U.S. universities. The questionnaire results were submitted to a series of statistical analysis to investigate how well the instrument meets the criteria of reliability and validity specified in this study. The final 19-item instrument had adequate psychometric properties and detected change in the CLA of students in a class where CLA was taught.
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Santos, Bernardo F., Ansel Payne, Kurt M. Pickett et James M. Carpenter. « Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the paper wasp genusPolistes(Hymenoptera : Vespidae) : implications for the overwintering hypothesis of social evolution ». Cladistics 31, no 5 (24 décembre 2014) : 535–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cla.12103.
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Perrard, Adrien, Federico Lopez-Osorio et James M. Carpenter. « Phylogeny, landmark analysis and the use of wing venation to study the evolution of social wasps (Hymenoptera : Vespidae : Vespinae) ». Cladistics 32, no 4 (10 septembre 2015) : 406–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cla.12138.
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Bennett, Davara Lee, Kate E. Mason, Daniela K. Schlüter, S. Wickham, Eric TC Lai, Alexandros Alexiou, Ben Barr et David Taylor-Robinson. « Trends in inequalities in Children Looked After in England between 2004 and 2019 : a local area ecological analysis ». BMJ Open 10, no 11 (novembre 2020) : e041774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041774.
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ObjectiveTo assess trends in inequalities in Children Looked After (CLA) in England between 2004 and 2019, after controlling for unemployment, a marker of recession and risk factor for child maltreatment.DesignLongitudinal local area ecological analysis.Setting150 English upper-tier local authorities.ParticipantsChildren under the age of 18 years.Primary outcome measureThe annual age-standardised rate of children starting to be looked after (CLA rate) across English local authorities, grouped into quintiles based on their level of income deprivation. Slope indices of inequality were estimated using longitudinal segmented mixed-effects models, controlling for unemployment.ResultsSince 2008, there has been a precipitous rise in CLA rates and a marked widening of inequalities. Unemployment was associated with rising CLA rates: for each percentage point increase in unemployment rate, an estimated additional 9 children per 100 000 per year (95% CI 6 to 11) became looked after the following year. However, inequalities increased independently of the effect of unemployment. Between 2007 and 2019, after controlling for unemployment, the gap between the most and least deprived areas increased by 15 children per 100 000 per year (95% CI 4 to 26) relative to the 2004–2006 trend.ConclusionsThe dramatic increase in the rate of children starting to be looked after has been greater in poorer areas and in areas more deeply affected by recession. But trends in unemployment do not explain the decade-long rise in inequalities, suggesting that other socioeconomic factors, including rising child poverty and reduced spending on children’s services, may be fuelling inequalities. Policies to safely reduce the CLA rate should urgently address the social determinants of child health and well-being.
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Teyhan, Alison, Andy Boyd, Dinithi Wijedasa et John Macleod. « Early life adversity, contact with children’s social care services and educational outcomes at age 16 years : UK birth cohort study with linkage to national administrative records ». BMJ Open 9, no 10 (octobre 2019) : e030213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030213.
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ObjectivesTo use record linkage of birth cohort and administrative data to study educational outcomes of children who are looked-after (in public care) and in need (social services involvement), and examine the role of early life factors.Setting, designProspective observational study of children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), which recruited pregnant women in and around Bristol, UK in the early 1990s. ALSPAC was linked to the annual Children Looked-After (CLA) Data Return and Children In Need (CIN) Census. Educational outcomes at 16 years were obtained through linkage to the National Pupil Database (NPD). These included passing 5+ good GCSEs (grades A*-C, including English and Maths). Covariates included early life adversity and social position.Participants12 868 ALSPAC participants were linked to the NPD. The sample for the main educational outcomes analyses comprised 9545 children from the ALSPAC core sample who had complete education data.ResultsOverall, of the 12 868 ALSPAC participants linked to NPD data, 137 had a CLA record and a further 209 a CIN record during adolescence. These children were more disadvantaged than their peers and had little active study participation beyond infancy. In the main educational outcomes analyses, achievement of 5+ good GCSEs was low in the CLA (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.35) and CIN (0.11, 0.05 to 0.27) groups relative to their peers. Measured early life factors explained little of this difference.ConclusionsData linkage enabled the study of educational outcomes in children with social services contact. These children had substantially worse educational outcomes relative to their peers, for reasons likely to be multifactorial.
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Halimah, H. « Critical Literacy Approach in the teaching of literary appreciation using Indonesian short stories ». Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics 10, no 1 (1 juin 2020) : 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v10i1.24992.
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This paper presents experimental results about the use of the Critical Literacy Approach (CLA) in literary appreciation using Indonesian short stories. The purpose of the study is to find better teaching strategies to improve students’ critical thinking skills and critical awareness to comprehend the conditions of the world, including social relationships involving disproportionate power relations. This study uses the randomized pretest-posttest control group design (RPPCGD), which is a randomized design by giving pretest and posttest to the experimental group (CLA) and control group (expository). The effect of both teaching strategies is calculated through the difference between the pretest and posttest of both groups. This research involved 170 students in the Department of Indonesian Language and Literature Education of an education university in Indonesia. The results are presented in the form of analytical descriptions of paired samples test and paired samples correlations of each group. The results show that students who did a short story analysis with CLA had significantly increased critical thinking skills and critical awareness compared to students of expository strategy. The average posttest of the experimental group is 80.33, which is considerably higher than the control group, with an average of 76.13. The average increase in skills (posttest-pretest) of the experimental group is 38.71 points, and the control groups have an average increase of 31.19 points. Therefore, it is clear that the teaching of literary appreciation using Indonesian short stories with CLA is effective. The use of CLA strategies in increasing students’ critical thinking skills and critical awareness through literary appreciation of Indonesian short stories shows positive results. The results of this study can contribute to the field of learning design with new ideas to improve critical thinking skills and critical awareness of Indonesian students through effective short story analysis or fictional prose analysis.
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Tognocchi, Monica, Maria Conte, Lara Testai, Morena Martucci, Andrea Serra, Stefano Salvioli, Vincenzo Calderone, Marcello Mele et Giuseppe Conte. « Supplementation of Enriched Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and CLA Cheese on High Fat Diet : Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Fat Profile ». Foods 11, no 3 (29 janvier 2022) : 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030398.
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Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a positive relationship between dietary fat intake and the onset of several metabolic diseases. This association is particularly evident in a diet rich in saturated fatty acids, typical of animal foods, such as dairy products. However, these foods are the main source of fatty acids with a proven nutraceutical effect, such as the ω-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid (ALA) and the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which have demonstrated important roles in the prevention of various diseases. In the present study, the effect of a supplementation with cheese enriched with ω-3 fatty acids and CLA on the metabolism and lipid profiles of C57bl/6 mice was evaluated. In particular, the analyses were conducted on different tissues, such as liver, muscle, adipose tissue and brain, known for their susceptibility to the effects of dietary fats. Supplementing cheese enriched in CLA and ω-3 fats reduced the level of saturated fat and increased the content of CLA and ALA in all tissues considered, except for the brain. Furthermore, the consumption of this cheese resulted in a tissue-specific response in the expression levels of genes involved in lipid and mitochondrial metabolism. As regards genes involved in the inflammatory response, the consumption of enriched cheese resulted in a reduction in the expression of inflammatory genes in all tissues analyzed. Considering the effects that chronic inflammation associated with a high-calorie and high-fat diet (meta-inflammation) or aging (inflammaging) has on the onset of chronic degenerative diseases, these data could be of great interest as they indicate the feasibility of modulating inflammation (thus avoiding/delaying these pathologies) with a nutritional and non-pharmacological intervention.
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Holdaway, Marcelle. « Field work in potential gas fields, middle ground or war zone : enhancing accountability by shining a light on difference ». foresight 20, no 1 (12 mars 2018) : 84–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-07-2017-0036.
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Purpose As a key element of corporate accountability, social and environmental accounting (SEA) has failed to yield significant results in terms of firms embracing goals other than financial profitability. Influenced by the work of critical accountants on dialogic accounting, the study rejects binary frameworks and aims to contribute to an essential element of SEA, stakeholder engagement. Design/methodology/approach Business concerned with unconventional gas (UCG) extraction was chosen from numerous vehicles suited to examining multiple views on contested issues. The research explores perspectives expressed by community, while also including perspectives of one gas firm. Research is viewed through the lens of critical futures theory and methodology causal layered analysis (CLA) in the analysis of the interviews at the case study site in Australia. In addition, to broaden the understanding of “accountability”, participants captured their own views through images that they interpreted in the interviews. This methodology is known as photovoice. Findings Findings suggest that CLA enables access to multiple, complex and nuanced perspectives and various ways of knowing, some of which are less conscious. Research limitations/implications Accessing multiple perspectives, including marginalized voices, gives rise to the potential to then collaboratively develop a more inclusive set of solutions to critically examine, and the CLA methodology appears to provide a fuller story, address “blindness” and enable a clearer “seeing”. This suggests access to new understandings. These two potentials should be further explored through follow up research. Practical implications This practice-based methodology involving civil society could provide SEA accounting practitioners with a greater range of possibilities; they would therefore benefit from incorporating “CLA thinking” as a basis in developing a pluralist, democratic and transformative approach to stakeholder engagement. Social implications The study is an initial contribution in an ambitious task of democratizing accounting and accountability. Originality/value The study addresses a gap in accounting and accountability research by applying a critical futures theory and a practice-based method.
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Fan, Gilbert, et Joan Nee Wey Khng. « The futures of the Singapore association of social workers : an analysis using CLA and the “Futures Triangle” ». Foresight 16, no 4 (5 août 2014) : 329–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-05-2013-0022.
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Purpose – This paper aims to study the future of the Singapore association of social workers using causal layered analysis (CLA) and the Futures Triangle. In today’s rapidly changing world, professional associations have to re-evaluate their roles to remain relevant. This paper presents an analysis of findings from a study on the level of alliance of social workers with their professional association. By critically examining underlying issues beneath common beliefs held by social workers that impede, promote or sustain change with their professional association, we can gain a deeper understanding into their level of alliance with their association. Insights toward current issues faced by the association as well as its alternative and preferred futures could be illuminated. Design/methodology/approach – Inayatullah’s “Futures Triangle” was used to deepen the findings of the study on the level of alliance of social workers with their professional association from the lens of CLA (Inayatullah, 2004). The study employed interviews with 27 social workers in Singapore, selected through purposive sampling. Findings – Alternative scenarios and preferred futures of the Singapore Association of Social Workers (SASW) that were postulated from the interviews reinforce a need for more targeted recruitment campaigns. It also calls for regionalization and globalization of SASW to maximize its potentials. Originality/value – The paper suggests how a social work association might be able to reposition its role in relation to its stakeholders to promote and sustain itself. SASW could do so through positioning itself as the “National Geographic” beacon for social workers in Singapore to reach out to the world.
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Shkerina, T. A., A. V. Zharova, V. S. Rozinkevich et K. T. Filippova. « DIAGNOSTICS OF COMMUNICATIVE LEARNING ACTIVITIES AMONG STUDENTS OF EARLY SCHOOL AGE WITH MILD INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES ». Bulletin of Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafiev 57, no 3 (30 octobre 2021) : 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/1995-0861-2021-57-3-287.
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Statement of the problem. In terms of the concept of development of education for students with disabilities for the period of 2020-2030 and according to the Federal State Educational Standard for students with intellectual disabilities, the harmonious development of both academic educational results and life competence necessary for a student with special educational needs in various social situations is declared one of the main strategic directions for the development of children of early school age. The Basic Learning Action Program (BLAP), as a structural element of the Federal Standard, does not contradict the indicated idea and aims not only at the formation and development of mentally retarded students, but also at ensuring the conditions for their socialization, including their life competence development. The analysis of educational theory and practice made it possible to distinguish a contradiction between the development of the basic provisions of active and differentiated approaches and the insufficient theoretical development of the criteria and levels of formation of communicative learning activities (CLA) of students of early school age with mild mental retardation in order to form the phenomenon under research. The problem solved in the article is the search for theoretical grounds for revealing the essence, structure of CLA of students of early school age with a mild degree of intellectual disabilities in order to develop the diagnostics of the phenomenon under research. The purpose of the article is to disclose the essence, structure of CLA of students of early school age with mild intellectual disabilities; to identify and characterize formation levels of the investigated phenomenon in order to develop diagnostics of CLA formation in the context of the research subject. Methodology (materials and methods) is based on the active and differentiated approaches to education of students with intellectual disabilities; analysis of official documents, scientific psychological and pedagogical literature on the problem of development of basic learning activities in students with intellectual disabilities. Research results. Based on the analysis of scientific works of Russian and foreign researchers and the regulatory and legal framework, the essence and structure of CLA of students of early school age with mild intellectual disabilities was revealed; minimum evaluation and diagnostic map of formation of the investigated phenomenon has been developed; variable communicative situations in which CLA of students of early school age with mild intellectual disabilities are manifested and formed are identified. Conclusion. The developed diagnosis of CLA of students of primary school age with intellectual disabilities will allow tracking their dynamics and making timely adjustments in the organization and implementation of their formation at the level of primary general education and with appropriate modification actions at subsequent educational levels.
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Asmara Putra, Dewa Nyoman Rai, Kadek Agus Sudiarawan et Ari Mahartha. « Interest Dispute Settlement Related to Workers’ Health Care Security in Indonesia ». Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 4, no 1 (31 janvier 2020) : 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ujlc.2020.v04.i01.p04.
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The enactment of Law Number 24 of 2011 concerning the Social Security Organizing Body (BPJS Law) has legal implications especially for employers and workers before the enactment of the BPJS Law, the Parties had already agreed that Private Health Insurance as an organizer of workers' health insurance on Collective Labor Agreement (CLA). This condition provides a possibility for the emergence of conflicts of interest. The problem raised in this legal research is how is the regulation concerning the employers' obligations in the health insurance of workers after the enactment of the BPJS Law; what are the legal implications if the CLA in the company before the enactment of BPJS Law has implemented the scheme of Health Insurance for Workers through Private Insurance; and how the legal steps that can be taken in resolving disputes arising related to this matter. This study uses normative legal research methods with a statute approach and a case approach. The result of this research shows that after the enactment of BPJS law, the Employer is obliged to register all of the Workers to BPJS membership as the national provider of health care security system. In terms of double coverage of Workers’ health insurance which impacted the company, the parties could negotiate to amend the CLA based on mutual agreement and good faith. In terms of an interest dispute in implementing the CLA about workers’ health insurance is happening in the future, legal actions that can be taken accordance with the provisions of the Industrial Relations Disputes Settlement Law are bipartite, tripartite disputes settlement through mediation, conciliation, arbitration, and submit a lawsuit to Industrial Relations Court
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Mohammadi, Mohsen, Mohammad Rahim Eivazi, Gholam Reza Goudarzi et Einollah Keshavarz Turk. « Identifying the hidden layers of cultural changes and pinpointing the contributing factors of cultural changes using the casual layered analysis ». foresight 20, no 2 (9 avril 2018) : 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-08-2017-0041.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose Various theoretical studies were carried out which attempted to identify impacting factors of cultural changes; however, these studies ignored the correlation among other affecting factors all together. In this paper, the authors aim not only to discuss the hidden layers that trigger the cultural changes but also to answer the questions of how to identify the main factors in each layer based on casual layered analysis (CLA), which could have a strong impact in shaping other layers’ factors? What are the dominant metaphors and worldviews that human beings are telling themselves about our universe that influences the future cultural changes? Design/methodology/approach To answer the questions of “how to identify the main factors in each layer,” the CLA methodology was used to investigate the underlying reasons. CLA takes into account four layers (litany, social systems, dominant discourse and worldviews and metaphors), which could be a tremendous help in identifying the mentioned factors. Findings The analysis shows that there are some contributing factors such as economy, technology, politics, society, environment, mass media, globalization and migration at the second layer – “social systems layer” – which may trigger cultural changes in first layer “litany”; in addition, in the third and deeper layer two dominant worldviews – materialist/secular and religious affecting the contributing factors in the second layer – were identified. Such worldviews are, in turn, supported by metaphors or perfect stories/myths of the deepest layer. Originality/value It can be concluded that because the cultural changes as a reality is composed of different layers, it is important to dig into different layers of reality to comprehend the significant shaping factors of that reality to visualize and make the better future.
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Watson, Cate. « Futures Narratives, Possible Worlds, Big Stories : Causal Layered Analysis and the Problems of Youth ». Sociological Research Online 14, no 5 (novembre 2009) : 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1969.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Narratives of the future can be seen as a form of colonialisation, structuring fields of discourse, in a process which Johan Galtung (cited in Andersson, 2006) refers to as ‘chronological imperialism’. However, futures narratives can also be used to disrupt these attempts at colonialisation through surfacing problematic assumptions in order to explore alternative scenarios. In this paper I first consider modal narratives and possible worlds and their relevance to the social sciences. I then discuss Sohail Inayatullah's ‘Causal Layered Analysis’ (CLA) - a narrative technique for constructing past and present and imagining the future. CLA draws on a ‘poststructural toolbox’ to examine problematic issues using a process which focuses on four levels of analysis: litany (the official public description of the issue); social science analysis (which attempts to articulate causal variables); discourse analysis or prevailing worldview; and myth/metaphor analysis. The aim is to disrupt current discourses which have become sedimented into practice and so open up space for the construction of alternative scenarios. In the third part I demonstrate how this approach can be used to examine ‘big issues’ taking as my example the current preoccupation with troubled and troublesome youth.
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Szterk, Arkadiusz, Karol Ofiara, Bartosz Strus, Ilkhom Abdullaev, Karolina Ferenc, Maria Sady, Sylwia Flis et Zdzisław Gajewski. « Content of Health-Promoting Fatty Acids in Commercial Sheep, Cow and Goat Cheeses ». Foods 11, no 8 (13 avril 2022) : 1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11081116.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The study aimed to examine samples of different market original sheep cow and goat cheeses, in respect of the content and profile of FA with special emphasis on health-promoting FA. The content of fatty acids in the examined cheeses was highly differentiated and depended on the sort and type of cheese. The content of fatty acid groups in milk fat varied within the limits: SFA, 55.2–67.2%; SCSFA, 10.9–23.4%; BCFA, 1.6–2.9%; MUFA, 15.2–23.4%; PUFA, 1.9–4.3%; trans-MUFA, 1.8–6.0%; and CLA, 1.0–3.1%. From among the examined cheeses, the seasonal sheep cheeses (Oscypek) and mountain cow cheeses were characterized by the highest content of health-promoting fatty acids. The content of health-promoting fatty acids in the fat fraction of these cheeses was CLA 2.1–3.1%, trans-MUFA 3.5–6%, BCFA 2.7–2.9%, and SCSFA 12–18%.
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Tkacz, Katarzyna, Urszula Tylewicz, Renata Pietrzak-Fiećko et Monika Modzelewska-Kapituła. « The Effect of Marinating on Fatty Acid Composition of Sous-Vide Semimembranosus Muscle from Holstein-Friesian Bulls ». Foods 11, no 6 (10 mars 2022) : 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11060797.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of two commercial oil marinades on marinated bovine semimembranosus muscles’ (n = 12) fatty acid composition. Fatty acids were determined in unmarinated raw and sous-vide beef and marinated muscles with two different marinades. The application of marinating changed the fatty acid composition in sous-vide beef. The sum of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and n-6/n-3 ratio decreased. However, the sum of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including n-6 and n-3, increased in marinated sous-vide beef, while a proportion of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and arachidonic acid (AA) decreased. The concentration (mg/100 g) of the sum of SFA and CLA in sous-vide beef was unaffected by marinating; however, the treatment significantly increased the sum of MUFA, PUFA, n-6 fatty and n-3 fatty acid concentrations. Using marinades containing canola oil and spices prior to the sous-vide treatment of beef was effective in improving its fatty acid composition.
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Gabriel Gb, Jegede. « The Church of the Lord (Aladura, CLA) : An Examination of a Charismatic Movenment in Ekitiland (South-Western Nigeria), 1937-2005 ». Social Sciences 5, no 2 (1 février 2010) : 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/sscience.2010.89.95.
Texte intégral
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Palla, Michela, Giuseppe Conte, Arianna Grassi, Semih Esin, Andrea Serra, Marcello Mele, Manuela Giovannetti et Monica Agnolucci. « Novel Yeasts Producing High Levels of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Organic Acids in Fermented Doughs ». Foods 10, no 9 (3 septembre 2021) : 2087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092087.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Traditional fermented foods are obtained by a complex consortium of autochthonous microorganisms producing a wide variety of bioactive compounds, thus representing a reservoir of strains with new functional properties. Here, doughs obtained using five different wholegrain flours were singly fermented with selected yeast strains, which were evaluated for their functional traits. Lactate, volatile fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid isomers produced by fermented doughs were detected by HPLC, while dough anti-inflammatory capacity was measured on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by flow cytometry. Yeast potential probiotic activity was assessed by evaluating their resistance to simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. For the first time we report evidence of yeast strains producing high levels of the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer CLA 10-12tc and propionic acid, which are known for their specific health benefits. Moreover, such yeast strains showed an anti-inflammatory capacity, as revealed by a significantly decreased production of the strongly pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. All our Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains were remarkably resistant to simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, as compared to the commercial probiotic strain. The two strains S. cerevisiae IMA D18Y and L10Y showed the best survival percentage. Our novel yeast strains may be exploited as valuable functional starters for the industrial production of cereal-based innovative and health-promoting fermented foods.
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Suárez Mayor, Zenaida M. « Reescribir a dúo : Copresencia y autoría múltiple en Juan Luis Martínez y Raúl Zurita ». Atenea (Concepción), no 526 (2022) : 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.29393/at526-12rdzs10012.
Texte intégralRésumé :
El presente texto pretende dar respuesta a una serie de relaciones, aún no explicitadas por la crítica, de acuerdo a la hipótesis de que existen casos particulares de transtextualidad (copresencia y autoría múltiple) entre los textos tempranos de Raúl Zurita y la obra publicada en vida de Juan Luis Martínez. Se trata aquí de definir y cla-sificar estas dos nuevas categorías o tipos de transtextualidad a partir de la observación y la comparación de la bibliografía que conforma un limitado corpus seleccionado, visibilizar la relación de copresencia que se da entre las obras de ambos autores y de-mostrar la existencia de casos concretos de autoría múltiple entre sus trabajos.
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Kennedy, Brooke P. A., Wendy Y. Brown et James R. A. Butler. « Causal Loop Analysis Can Identify Solutions to Complex Dog Management Problems in Remote Australian Aboriginal Communities ». Animals 11, no 4 (8 avril 2021) : 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041056.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Companion animal management in Australian remote Aboriginal communities (rAcs) is a complex problem with multiple stakeholders involved, with differing needs, knowledge, power and resources. The Comm4Unity (Cycle of Multiple Methods for Unity—For Community) approach was designed to address such problems. This study represents the second step of the Comm4Unity framework, where a causal loop analysis (CLA) was adapted and tested as a tool to address the issue of dog overpopulation in Wurrumiyanga, and in particular the systemic causes of the problem and necessary transformational management solutions. Ten focus group discussions (FGDs) were held amongst three of the four stakeholder groups identified during the first step in the analysis. The CLA identified 13 positive feedback loops, which drive vicious cycles and perpetuate the dog overpopulation issue. All three groups agreed and developed 22 solutions to address the causes of dog overpopulation. Despite the differences in the framings of the three groups, “training” and “education” were both the top priority solutions for all three groups. The majority of the solutions discussed by the groups were not only transformational but also social, requiring collaboration. This study was successful in so far as transformational actions were co-developed by all FGDs, which may have also built capacity and agency amongst the local community to implement them as a cohesive group.
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Wang, Erdan, Manqian Cha, Shuo Wang, Qianqian Wang, Yajing Wang, Shengli Li et Wei Wang. « Feeding Corn Silage or Grass Hay as Sole Dietary Forage Sources : Overall Mechanism of Forages Regulating Health-Promoting Fatty Acid Status in Milk of Dairy Cows ». Foods 12, no 2 (9 janvier 2023) : 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12020303.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Different dietary forage sources regulate health-promoting fatty acids (HPFAs), such as conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), in the milk of lactating cows. However, the overall mechanism of forages regulating lipid metabolism from the gastrointestinal tract to the mammary glands (MGs) is not clear. Three isocaloric diets that contained (1) 46% corn silage (CS), (2) a mixture of 23% corn silage and 14% grass hays (MIX), and (3) 28% grass hays (GH) as the forage sources and six cannulated (rumen, proximal duodenum, and terminal ileum) lactating cows were assigned to a double 3 × 3 Latin square design. Our results show that a higher proportion of grass hay in the diets increased the relative contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), CLAs, and n-3 PUFAs. The lower relative content of SCFA in the milk of CS was predominantly due to the reduction in acetate production in the rumen and arteriovenous differences in the MG, indicating that the de novo synthesis pathways were inhibited. The elevated relative contents of total CLA and n-3 PUFA in the milk of GH were attributed to the increases in apparent intestinal digestion and arteriovenous differences in total CLA and n-3 PUFA, together with the higher Δ9-desaturase activity in the MG. In conclusion, this study provides an overall mechanism of dietary forages regulating HPFA status in the milk of dairy cows.
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Shingfield, Kevin J. « Nutritional regulation of milk fatty acid composition ». Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no 23 (31 janvier 2008) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75850.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There is increasing evidence that nutrition plays an important role in the development of chronic diseases in the human population including cancer, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and obesity. Developing foods that enhance human health is central to dietary approaches for preventing and reducing the economic and social impact of chronic disease. Numerous studies in human subjects have implicated a high consumption of medium-chain (12:0-16:0) saturated fatty acids (SFA) and trans fatty acids (TFA) as risk factors for cardiovascular disease risk, with emerging evidence of a possible role in the development of insulin resistance and inflammation. Milk and dairy products are a major source of 12:0, 14:0, 16:0 and TFA in the human diet. However, developing public health policies promoting a decrease in milk, cheese and butter consumption ignores the value of these foods as a versatile source of nutrients and bioactive lipids, including 4:0, branch-chain fatty acids, cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), vitamins A and D, β-carotene and sphingomyelin. Therefore, altering milk fatty acid composition through sustainable, environmental and welfare acceptable means is an integral component of an overall strategy for preventing human chronic disease. Nutrition is the major environmental factor regulating milk fat composition. Strategies for enhancing the nutritional value of milk fat have been directed towards reducing the proportion of 12:0, 14:0 and 16:0, increasing cis monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content and/or enhancing the concentration of bioactive lipids. Formulation of diets to alter milk fat composition to meet these targets typically involves 1) inclusion of plant oils and oilseeds, 2) supplements of marine lipids, 3) increasing the proportion of dietary energy derived from fresh grass, 4) replacing ensiled grass, maize or whole-crop cereal with forage legumes or 5) inclusion of rumen-protected lipids in the diet. Nutritional strategies for reducing 12:0, 14:0 and 16:0 and enhancing cis-MUFA in milk fat are dependent on increasing the supply of C18 or longer-chain fatty acids to inhibit mammary de novo fatty acid synthesis. Due to incomplete metabolism of dietary unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen, inclusion of oils or oilseeds in the diet also increases milk fat TFA content. Both the concentration and distribution of TFA isomers in milk is dependent on the amount and type of lipid supplement fed, composition of the basal diet and interactions between these factors. Altering the diet of lactating cows can be used as a means to significantly enrich milk fat cis-9, trans-11 CLA content. Increases in the concentration of CLA in milk are reliant, in the most part, on enhancing ruminal trans-11 18:1 outflow for endogenous cis-9, trans-11 CLA synthesis in the mammary gland. The potential to increase n-3 fatty acids in milk is relatively limited. Inclusion of fresh or ensiled red clover in the ruminant diet significantly increases 18:3 n-3 content, while increases in milk 20:5 n-3 and 22:6 n-3 concentrations to marine lipid supplements is relatively limited due to extensive ruminal metabolism of n-3 PUFA. Greater enrichment of 20:5 n-3, 22:5 n-3 and 22:6 n-3 in milk can be achieved using rumen-protected fish oil supplements. Overall, recent research has highlighted the important role of nutrition in attempts to modify milk fat composition for improved long-term human health.
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Clímaco, Veríssima Dilma Nunes. « Territórios sociais de resistência em comunidades de remanescentes de quilombos ». COLÓQUIO 12, no 1 (22 juillet 2015) : 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26767/coloquio.v12i1.222.
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Este trabalho visa analisar territórios sociais de resistência de comunidades remanescentes de quilombos e os limites desses territórios, construindo a raiz da criação da Agrovila Peru. Essa Agrovila é um território político-jurídico criado pelo Estado brasileiro, para abrigar dez comunidades quilombolas, deslocadas compulsoriamente das terras que ocupavam até 1987, quando a Aeronáutica instala nelas o Centro de Lançamento de Foguetes de Alcântara - CLA - no Maranhão. A partir da pesquisa etnográfica realizada na Comunidade Quilombola Peru, uma das dez comunidades quilombolas que compõem a Agrovila Peru, analisam-se os elementos de identidade cultural reiterados pelos quilombolas, para construir ou desconstruir fronteiras com outro território, o território político-jurídico da Agrovila Peru. Nesse sentido, observa-se a flexibilidade das fronteiras desses territórios de resistência, isto é, como eles se compõem e decompõem conforme as posições dos atores sociais no espaço, nas diversas esferas da vida social e cultural: religiosa, ambiental, econômica e política.
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González-Arellano, Salomón, Adriana Helia Larralde-Corona et Gustavo Cruz-Bello. « El periurbano en México : identificación y caracterización sociodemográfica y territorial ». Papeles de Población 27, no 108 (30 juin 2021) : 119–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22185/24487147.2021.108.14.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La producción científica y la política territorial en México se ha construido básicamente a partir de la dicotomía campo-ciudad. En consecuencia, los fenómenos periurbanos no han sido cla-ramente explicados y, las políticas dirigidas a estos espacios no son explícitas o diferenciadas. En ese sentido, este artículo busca aportar información panorámica del periurbano en México. Primeramente, se propone un método para la identificación del periurbano basado en el índice de entropía de Shannon que mide la heterogeneidad del uso del suelo. En un segundo tiempo, el estudio caracteriza el espacio periurbano a través de atributos demográficos, sociales y terri-toriales. Finalmente, el estudio identifica cuatro dimensiones sociodemográficas y territoriales del espacio periurbano: 1) polarización socio-ocupacional, 2) la oposición entre suelo natural y suelo para el cultivo, 3) urbanización como entorno construido y dinámica demográfica, y 4) marginación social e informalidad residencial. Estas dimensiones sugieren procesos simultáneos diferenciados en el espacio periurbano.
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Sykes-Kelleher, Anita. « Transforming global governance : images of futures from people on the periphery ». Foresight 17, no 2 (13 avril 2015) : 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-01-2014-0004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose – The topics of an emerging planetary civilisation and its common affairs, global problems requiring coordinated worldwide responses and contested forms of globalisation are collectively stimulating an international conversation about alternatives to the current system of global governance. The purpose of this paper is to introduce new voices to the conversation, providing unconventional perspectives of possible futures to those found in much of the scholarly literature. These perspectives are those of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation (UNPO), an international non-government organisation comprising nations and peoples not represented at the United Nations (UN). Design/methodology/approach – Collectively the discourses and worldviews of the UNPO, feminists, social and environmental movements, Cosmopolitan Democrats, technocrats and the Commission on Global Governance reveal contesting images of global governance futures in which the UN is transformed in ways that are aligned to emerging forms of alternative globalisations. The Causal Layered Analysis (CLA) futures research method is used to construct models of each group’s preferred global governance future from elements of their discourses and deeply held ideological commitments. Findings – Structural aspects are also considered and the author offers an analytical framework summarising the models against the layers of CLA and the history, power base, globalisation worldview and agency congruent with each model. The models are then presented as visionary scenarios generating images of future alternatives while providing an opportunity to hear what the nations unrepresented in the current system have to say. Originality/value – Their image produced a more inclusive, egalitarian and holistic image of a global governance future when compared with the “business as usual” UN future. As we approach 2015 and the 70th anniversary of the establishment of the UN, this conversation provides a timely prompt for the review of the UN system of global governance and an opportunity for the UN to consider how it might transform to retain relevance in a rapidly changing global environment.
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Bedrii, Marian. « On the question of the functions and tasks of legal custom ». Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, no 4 (30 décembre 2020) : 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.4.2020.03.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article researches the functions and tasks of legal custom based on historical experience and the current state of legal life.The view represents that law and culture functions are realized through legal custom, as it is an important element of these phenomena.At the same time, it is noted that legal custom is characterized by a separate catalog of functions and tasks that need to be studied. Theregulatory, explanatory, protective, defensive, inflectional, reconstitutive, ideological-educative, identification-communicative, antimonopoly,and legal-resource functions of legal custom are analyzed. The administrative and organizational components of the regulatoryfunction of legal custom are highlighted. The preventive and restrictive components of the protective function of legal custom are cha -racterized. It is substantiated that these functions are inextricably linked with the tasks of legal custom.Based on the analyzed functions, the following tasks of a legal custom are allocated: the legal regulation of social relations; cla -rification of provisions of the legislation, acts of law enforcement, texts of agreements, terms and symbolic actions; legal protection ofpublic goods and values; providing opportunities to protect rights and freedoms; stabilization of the legal system, its protection fromill-considered and risky transformations; reproduction of the acquired legal experience in new conditions; ensuring the flexibility of thelegal system; influence on the worldview of the individual and society in general; determining the affiliation of the subject to a parti -cular community and maintaining communication between its members; prevention of monopoly in the legal system of a normativelegal act or other sources of law; formation of material for the systematization of law.It is argued that legal custom, as a social phenomenon, evolving in the process of history, performed a wide range of functionsthat correlated with its tasks. Not every period, people, or locality is characterized by a full set of analyzed functions and tasks, but itis worth noting the possibility of their implementation by the legal custom in general, as evidenced by past experience and the currentstate of legal relations. The results of the research, on the one hand, complement the understanding of the nature of legal custom, andon the other – prove the feasibility of further use of this source of law in modern legal systems.
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Kilar, Janusz, et Anna Kasprzyk. « Fatty Acids and Nutraceutical Properties of Lipids in Fallow Deer (Dama dama) Meat Produced in Organic and Conventional Farming Systems ». Foods 10, no 10 (27 septembre 2021) : 2290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10102290.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The aim of the study was to assess the fatty acid profile and nutraceutical properties of lipids contained in fallow deer (Dama dama) meat produced in organic and conventional farming systems. Longissimus lumborum (LL) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles from 24 fallow deer carcasses were selected for the study. The fallow deer meat from the organic farming system was characterized by significantly lower intramuscular fat content. The fatty acid profile in the organic meat was characterized by a particularly high proportion (p < 0.0001) of conjugated linoleic acid—CLA (LL—2.29%, SM—2.14%), alpha-linolenic acid—ALA (LL—4.32%, SM—3.87%), and docosahexaenoic acid—DHA (LL—2.83%, SM—2.60%). The organic system had a beneficial effect (p < 0.0001) on the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including n-3 PUFAs, which resulted in a more favorable n-6 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid)/n-3 PUFA ratio. The significantly higher nutritional quality of organic meat lipids was confirmed by such nutraceutical indicators as the thrombogenic index (TI), ∆9-desaturase C16, elongase, and docosahexaenoic acid + eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA+EPA) in the LL and SM and cholesterol index (CI), and the cholesterol-saturated fat index (CSI) indices in the SM. LL was characterized by higher overall quality.
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Inayatullah, Sohail, Emma Paine et Otto Scharmer. « The Navigation System, The Planetary Gardener, and the Prism : ». Journal of Awareness-Based Systems Change 2, no 2 (30 novembre 2022) : 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.47061/jasc.v2i2.5047.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thirty-three years ago, futurist Sohail Inayatullah and MIT Senior Lecturer Otto Scharmer participated in a seminar focused on macrohistory at the University of Hawaii at Manoa held by peace activist and futurist Johan Galtung. In the years that followed, each developed a body of work that provides an integrated theory and method that supports individuals, groups and organizations to sense, vision and co-create the future. Dr. Inayatullah’s Causal Layered Analysis (CLA) draws on and integrates empiricist, interpretive, critical, and action learning modes of knowing at inner and outer levels to cultivate transformative spaces for the creation of alternative futures. Dr. Scharmer’s Theory U provides a framework and process for building essential leadership capacities needed to address the root causes of today’s social, environmental, and spiritual challenges by shifting individual and collective consciousness from ego-system to eco-system awareness. Recently the two came together in dialogue, joined by the Presencing Institute’s Emma D. Paine, Editorial Coordinator and recent graduate from the London School of Economics, to explore the role of futuring in societal transformation. In the context of our current polycrisis, and drawing from a wealth of personal and professional experience, the three engage in a multi-generational conversation about bringing the future into being.
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Nemeslaki, András. « Application of Science‒Technology‒Society Studies in Information Security Research ». Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 17, no 1 (30 avril 2018) : 87–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2018.1.8.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The research question and problem statement I posed to answer simply has been: what kind of patterns and specific discourses can be identified around the keywords of “information security” and “social construction” in information systems and its related reference fields such as social sciences, management studies, decision sciences extended to psychology. We may start summarizing the conclusions by stating that “information security” and “social construction” in the SCOPUS domain offers a wide range of literature in the social sciences and related subject areas; the initial search resulted in 406 article hits, whose basic bibliographic parameters with keywords and abstracts were downloaded. I categorized this sample according to the journals H-index, the Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) Q1‒Q4 ranking and the individual papers’ citations, into five—socalled structural—clusters. Three papers were identified as the highest referenced and most influential, and analysed separately. The other were clustered as follows: 30 papers were classified into CL1, a high impact cluster due to its high citation and H-index, 122 papers were grouped into CL2, a mature cluster, due to their publishing date and medium referencing, 71 papers fell into CL3, a high potential cluster, due to their high H-index and recent appearance and, finally 152 papers were clustered into CL4, the mainstream of the sample due to their medium impact and wide spread of publishing dates. These clusters were further analysed with basic text mining techniques: word counting, key word analysis, textual clusters and N-Gram analysis, and concordance analysis. I found that clusters are different as far as the academic discourse on information security evolves, and each contain unique added value to the social construction of information security amongst users, institutions, technology and public policy. Finally, conclusion and further research opportunities are presented.
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Agyare, Anita Nkansah, Chang Hong An et Qi Liang. « Goji Berry (Lycium Barbarum L.) Carotenoids Enrichment through ‘Green’ Extraction Method Improves Oxidative Stability and Maintains Fatty Acids of Yak Ghee with Microwave Heating and Storage ». Foods 11, no 3 (27 janvier 2022) : 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030369.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As the oxidation of yak ghee is inevitable and as consumer demand for natural products continues to increase, this study aimed to enrich yak ghee with goji berry carotenoids by means of green solvent extraction and determined changes in the oxidative stability and fatty acid profiles of yak ghees during microwave heating (MW-heating) and accelerated storage. An enriched ghee (GG0) was prepared by high shear dispersion and ultrasound-assisted extraction, while a control ghee (FG0) was prepared by heating and filtration; both ghees were stored at 65 °C for 30 days and were microwave-heated (MW-heating) at 180 °C (15 and 30 min) and 200 °C for 30 min. The results showed that the carotenoid enrichment increased the oxidative stability of yak ghee during MW-heating and storage. The initial CLA and PUFA values of GG0 were not significantly different from those of FG0; SFA increased, and MUFA and TFA decreased. There was a faster rate of UFA loss and an increase in SFA and TFA in FG0 during MW-heating and storage. This indicated a protective effect of carotenoid enrichment on yak ghee. Therefore, the findings in this study support the use of goji berry carotenoids as a natural colorant and antioxidant in yak ghee. This study provides vital information for dairy processors and marketers.
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dos Santos, Neiri J. A., Leilson R. Bezerra, Daniela P. V. Castro, Polyana D. R. Marcelino, Gercino F. Virgínio Júnior, Jarbas M. da Silva Júnior, Elzânia S. Pereira et al. « Effect of Dietary Palm Kernel Oil on the Quality, Fatty Acid Profile, and Sensorial Attributes of Young Bull Meat ». Foods 11, no 4 (21 février 2022) : 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11040609.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Lipid supplementation through vegetable oils in diets for ruminants can be a nutritional strategy to increase energy density, manipulate ruminal fermentation and change the physicochemical composition and sensorial properties of meat. This study evaluated the optimal dietary inclusion of palm kernel oil (PKO) for Nellore bulls on meat quality. The diets consisted of 0.0, 11.5, 23.0, and 34.6 g/kg dry matter (DM) PKO levels. PKO inclusion did not influence the centesimal composition, pH, color indices, water holding capacity, cooking loss, or shear force of the beef. There were linear increases in the concentrations of lauric acid (C12:0) and myristic acid (C14:0) in the bull’s meat. However, palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:0), vaccenic acid (t-11–C18:1) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), ∑n − 6, ∑n − 3, ∑n − 6/∑n 3, the hypocholesterolemic: hypercholesterolemic ratio of the fatty acid content, and the thrombogenicity index were not affected. There were linear reductions in the oleic acid meat concentration (c-9–C18:1) and elongated enzymatic activity when PKO was added to the bull diet. The atherogenicity index increased linearly due to PKO inclusion in the bull diet. No effect of the inclusion of PKO on meat flavor, perception of tenderness, juiciness, or global acceptance from the sensorial evaluation was recorded. The inclusion of PKO up to 34.6 g/kg DM can be recommended to supplement young bulls with no effects on meat composition and quality characteristics.
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Mavrommatis, Alexandros, Kyriaki Sotirakoglou, Charalampos Kamilaris et Eleni Tsiplakou. « Effects of Inclusion of Schizochytrium spp. and Forage-to-Concentrate Ratios on Goats’ Milk Quality and Oxidative Status ». Foods 10, no 6 (8 juin 2021) : 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061322.
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Although the dietary inclusion level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the forage: concentrate (F:C) ratio affect milk quality, their interaction has not been broadly studied. To address such gaps and limitations a two-phase trial using twenty-two dairy goats was carried out. During the first phase, both groups (20 HF n = 11; high forage and 20 HG n = 11; high grain) were supplemented with 20 g Schizochytrium spp./goat/day. The 20 HF group consumed a diet with F:C ratio 60:40 and the 20 HG-diet consisted of F:C = 40:60. In the second phase, the supplementation level of Schizochytrium spp. was increased to 40 g/day/goat while the F:C ratio between the two groups were remained identical (40 HF n = 11; high forage and 40 HG n = 11; high grain). Neither the Schizochytrium spp. supplementation levels (20 vs. 40) nor the F:C ratio (60:40 vs. 40:60) affected milk performance. The high microalgae level (40 g) in combination with high grain diet (40 HG) modified the proportions of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and the ω3/ω6 ratio in milk, to a beneficial manner according to human health recommendation guidelines. However, the highest inclusion level of Schizochytrium spp. (40 g) and foremost in combination with the high grain diets (40 HG) induced an oxidative response as observed by the increased protein carbonyls (CP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in milk and blood plasma indicating severe limitations for a long-term, on-farm application. In conclusion, the supplementation with 20 g Schizochytrium spp. and high forage diet (60:40) appears to be an ideal formula to enrich dairy products with essential biomolecules for human health without adversely affect milk oxidative stability.
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Christodoulou, Christos, Alexandros Mavrommatis, Christina Mitsiopoulou, George Symeon, Vasilis Dotas, Kyriaki Sotirakoglou, Basiliki Kotsampasi et Eleni Tsiplakou. « Assessing the Optimum Level of Supplementation with Camelina Seeds in Ewes’ Diets to Improve Milk Quality ». Foods 10, no 9 (2 septembre 2021) : 2076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092076.
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Camelina sativa seeds are rich in bioactive compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and antioxidants, thus, their supplementation in ewes’ diets, may be an effective way to develop high nutritional dairy products. Therefore, the present study investigates the effect of the dietary inclusion of Camelina sativa seeds in ewes’ oxidative status and milk quality. Forty-eight dairy Chios ewes were divided into four homogenous groups and were fed individually. The concentrate of the control group (CON) had no inclusion of Camelina seeds, while the treatment groups (CSS6, CSS11, CSS16) were supplemented with 6%, 11%, and 16%, respectively. Including Camelina seeds in 6% and 11%, had no impact on milk performance, while in the CSS16, milk fat was significantly decreased compared to the CON. Supplementing Camelina seeds improved milk quality from a human health perspective by modifying the content of saturated fatty acid, the proportions of α-linolenic (C18:3 n-3), and C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 (CLA), and the ω6/ω3 ratio. Furthermore, the activity of catalase (CAT) was significantly increased in the CSS11 and CSS16, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity also significantly upsurged in the CSS16. Still, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased in the CSS11 compared to the CON and CSS6, and in the CSS16 compared to the CSS6. In CSS16, protein carbonyls were significantly increased. Finally, in the CSS-fed ewes, milk oxidative stability was fortified, as suggested by the modifications in the activities of SOD, CAT, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), in the antioxidant capacity, and the oxidative stress biomarkers. Consequently, the incorporation of 6% Camelina seeds in the concentrates of ewes improves milk’s fatty acid profile and oxidative status. However, more research is required regarding the possible negative effects of the constant consumption of Camelina seeds by ewes.
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Jin, Li, Sun, Zhang et Zheng. « Factors Controlling Urban and Rural Indirect Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Household Consumption : A Case Study in Beijing ». Sustainability 11, no 23 (20 novembre 2019) : 6563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236563.
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Residential carbon dioxide emissions can be divided into a direct component caused by consumers via direct energy usage and an indirect component caused by consumers buying and using products to meet their needs, with a higher proportion caused by the latter. Based on Beijing panel data for 1993–2012, an economic boom period in China, indirect carbon dioxide emissions were separately calculated for urban and rural households using the consumer lifestyle approach (CLA) model. Then, an extended stochastic impact by regression on population, affluence, and technology (STIRPAT) model was used to analyze the influence from two aspects, social economy, and land use, with high precision. Results indicate that indirect CO2 emissions in Beijing households display a rising trend in urban areas but a slight decrease in rural areas. Technology influences and forest land are, respectively, the most important aspects of the social economy and land use. Higher population and urbanization resulted in enhanced emissions in both urban and rural areas. The Engel coefficient presented a negative correlation with indirect CO2 emissions for both rural and urban areas. Compared with urban areas, the per capita net income of rural areas restrained consumption. The consumption structure of urban residents was more biased toward the tertiary industry than that of rural residents. Although technical progress has proceeded, it cannot offset urban residents’ indirect CO2 emissions caused by the large amount and rapid growth of consumption. Regarding land use, urban construction land net primary productivity (NPP) was high and not an important factor contributing to indirect CO2 emissions. Forest and lawn primarily served a recreational function and exhibited a positive impact. Water and cultivated land offered insufficient production and thus had a negative influence. For rural residents, lawn and cultivated land production is self-sufficient. Forests offer a carbon sequence effect, and construction land expansion increased the proportion of developed area, offering a scale effect that resulted in reduced carbon emissions. Based on the results, alternative carbon emission reduction policies have been proposed for each tested influence aspect to reduce emissions, including policies for optimizing industrialization quality, constructing a medium-density city, increasing space efficiency, encouraging sustainable consumption behavior, and increasing the efficiency of energy utilization.
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Rohit, Deepa, et Rajesh Panda. « Cause-brand association (CBA) : An empirical investigation into millennials in India ». Journal of Customer Behaviour 19, no 1 (1 mars 2020) : 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1362/147539220x15874775191967.
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A cause-brand association (CBA) is a marketing strategy wherein a brand integrates a social cause, and aims to achieve both social as well commercial objectives. Millennials are often described as a socially-conscious age cohort. The objective of the study was to empirically examine millennials' responses towards the strategy of CBA. A sample of 622 respondents has been analysed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results of the study revealed that attitude towards CBA influences millennials' purchase intentions (PI), behavioural intentions towards the cause (BI) and social media intentions (SMI). Moreover, there is a positive effect of SMI on PI, and BI on PI, which offers an alternative way to enhance purchase intentions. Likewise, the impact of SMI on BI also presents an unconventional way to enhance support for the cause. The study highlights practical implications for marketing managers, non-profit organisations (NPO) and academicians.
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Giulietti, Maria Velia, Anna Vespa, Marica Ottaviani, Rossana Berardi, Giancarlo Balercia, Giorgio Arnaldi, Pisana Gattafoni, Paolo Fabbietti, Mirko Di Rosa et Roberta Spatuzzi. « Personality (at Intrapsychic and Interpersonal Level) Associated With Quality of Life in Patients With Cancer (Lung and Colon) ». Cancer Control 26, no 1 (1 janvier 2019) : 107327481988056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073274819880560.
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The objective of this study was to determine the association of quality of life (QoL) and intrapsychic and interpersonal behaviors (Structural Analysis of Social Behavior [SASB]) of patients with cancer (lung: n = 88; age 62.8 ± 10.1; colon: n = 56; age 60.1 ± 11.4). Personality described by SASB clusters (Cls): SASB-Questionnaire; QoL tests: FACT_G and QLQ-C30. Patients with lung cancer (n = 88; age 62.8 ± 10.1) and colon cancer (n = 56; age 60.1 ± 11.4; all stages of severity). Multiple regression analyses. Multiple linear regression: dependent variable: FACT_G; covariates: physical functioning, cognitive functioning, SASB-Cl3-50°, SASB-Cl6-50°. Analysis of variance and t test confirm validity of the model ( P < .001). SASB-Cl3 with FACT_G ( P = .034); SASB-Cl6 with FACT_G ( P = .002); age with FACT_G ( P = .018); physical functioning with FACT_G ( P < .001); cognitive functioning with FACT_G ( P < .001). Personality traits such as self-critical and oppressive behaviors, low capacity for self-esteem, physical and cognitive functioning, and age (a higher age determines a better QoL) strongly determine QoL in patients with lung and colon cancer. This may suggest areas of therapeutic intervention.
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Iqbal, Shawana, Shahab Adil, Syed Riaz Gillani, Syed Salman Shah et Asma Sami. « Clinical Epidemiological Study of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate ». Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no 10 (30 octobre 2022) : 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221610206.
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Aim: To determine the frequency of different types of cleft lip and palate and to investigate the possible relation of some risk factors to cleft lip and palate. Study design: Descriptive study. Place and duration of study: Peshawar Dental College, Peshawar Pakistan from 1st August 2017 to 31st January 2019. Methodology: One hundred and seven patients with congenital cleft lip and cleft palate deformities, either gender and age ranged from 1 day to 720 days were enrolled. Cleft types were categorized as bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), left cleft lip and palate (LCLP), right cleft lip and palate (RCLP), cleft alveolus (CLA) and bilateral incomplete cleft (BICLP). Results: There were 73(68.2%) males and 34(31.8%) females. The highest number of patients from Peshawar 30(28%) followed by Swat 21(19.8%) and Charssada by 11(10.3%). Forty two (39.3%) patients’ parents had consanguineous marriages. There were 89(83.2%) of mother haven't used folic acid during their pregnancy. Forty 40(37.4%) cases had a positive family history of cleft deformities. Most common systemic disease was anemia 25(23.2). Eighty five (79.4%) of cleft lip and palate patients were belonging to poor class family. Conclusion: The households of cleft lip and palate children demonstrated low socioeconomic status. The incidence of cleft lip and palate should be reduced to enhance the conditions of women during pregnancy by maintaining a balanced diet and giving them folic acid. Keywords: Epidemiology, Children, Cleft lip, Palate, Risk factors
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Filgueiras, Isabel Porto, Aline Santos Rodrigues, Mirvane Dias De Souza et Elisabete dos Santos Freire. « Portfólio reflexivo, práxis pedagógica e culturas infantis nas aulas de Educação Física (Reflexive portfolio, pedagogical praxis, and child cultures in Physical Education classes) (Portafolio reflexivo, praxis pedagógica y la cultura de los niños en cla ». Retos 45 (9 juin 2022) : 1127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v45i0.91822.
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La agudización de las desigualdades sociales y las crecentes amenazas a los derechos de los niños brasileños gracias a presiones de la agenda neoliberal global y el avanzo de grupos políticos ultraconservativos en el país imponen a profesores e investigadores de Educación Física en la Educación Infantil un compromiso con pedagogías que consideren la multiplicidad de infancias, sus culturas y el derecho de participación de los niños. Procesos de documentación pedagógico, construcción de narrativas e investigaciones sobre la práctica son potenciales recursos para el desarrollo de esas pedagogías. Por medio de un análisis de contenido temático del portafolio reflexivo de una profesora de Educación Física, esa investigación analiza las relaciones entre experiencias de vida, formación inicial, y formación continuada de la profesora y sus procesos de reflexión e investigación sobre la práctica misma. El análisis muestra que las experiencias personales de la profesora con la infancia y la juventud periférica, su formación inicial conectada con proyectos de extensión, prácticas, y pesquisas, y su búsqueda constante por documentar la práctica junto a otros educadores posibilitó a la profesora que construyera prácticas pedagógicas a partir de la escucha y participación de los niños, de la movilización de múltiplos lenguajes y de la integración curricular. Se concluyo que la dimensión personal de la enseñanza, incluso el rescate de la propria infancia y procesos constantes de documentación de la práctica pedagógica son estrategias de construcción de pedagogías que respectan las culturas de los niños en clases de Educación Física.
Abstract: Social inequality and the threats to the rights of Brazilian children are on the rise due to pressures from the global neoliberal agenda and the advance of ultraconservative political groups in the country. This context requires children Physical Education professors and researchers to be committed with a pedagogy that consider the multiplicity of children, their cultures, and their rights to participate in the pedagogical process. The processes of educational documentation, construction of narratives and researches about the practice itself can be resources for the development of this type of education. This research carries out a thematic content analysis about the reflective portfolio of a PE teacher, analyzing relationships between life experiences, the early and continued formation of the teacher, and her process of reflection and research about her own practice. The analysis shows that these teacher’s personal experiences with children and youth in the periphery; her early formation, including extension projects, internships, and research; and her constant documenting of her practice, jointly with other teachers, allowed her to elaborate educational practices that originate from listening children and allowing their participation, mobilizing multiple languages and curriculum integration. We concluded that the personal dimension of teaching, including the reclaiming of one’s own childhood, the early formation in professional contexts, and the constant processes of documentation of the pedagogical practice are strategies to construct pedagogical theories that consider the culture of the children in PE classes.
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Affandi, Muhamad. « Role of CLC through Social Entrepreneurs as a Community Empowerment Efforts ». Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, no 7 (20 juillet 2020) : 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12i7/20201979.
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Kemp, Robyn. « Treasuring the Social in Social Pedagogy ». Children Australia 40, no 4 (décembre 2015) : 348–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2015.49.
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Robyn is a UK-qualified social worker who has a deeply held passion for, and some 30 years of experience working with disenfranchised and/or vulnerable people and children and young people in care. She has a strong interest in social pedagogy and residential childcare both operationally and strategically. Since 1995, she has been in a variety of management positions and has developed and delivered training, conferences, workshops and consultancy on children's social work and social care for the statutory, voluntary and independent sectors. Her work has aimed at improving both the experiences and outcomes for children and young people in or on the edge of care and raising the profile of those affected by, and working within, the social work and social care sectors.