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1
Kindt, Kristian Takvam, Jacob Høigilt et Tewodros Aragie Kebede. « Writing Change : Diglossia and Popular Writing Practices in Egypt ». Arabica 63, no 3-4 (26 mai 2016) : 324–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341405.
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Arabic is considered a paradigmatic case of diglossia, where written language is regarded as largely the domain of fuṣḥā. Presenting the results of a large-scale survey of language attitudes and practices in Cairo, we argue that this view should be reconsidered. A representative majority of Cairo’s literate population in fact report writing predominantly in the vernacular (ʿāmmiyya), and also regard it as a legitimate written variety, contradicting common assumptions about popular language attitudes. At the same time, fuṣḥā retains its position as an idealized prestigious variety. These surprising results are explained by rising levels of literacy and the growth of computer-mediated communication. The results encourage a rethinking of the language situation in the Arab world, supporting the view that diglossia is a social and cultural resource rather than a problem. L’arabe est considéré comme un cas paradigmatique de diglossie, dans lequel la langue écrite est largement perçue comme le domaine de la fuṣḥā, ou arabe standard moderne. En présentant les résultats d’une enquête à grande échelle sur les attitudes et pratiques langagières au Caire, nous estimons que ce point de vue devrait être reconsidéré. Une majorité représentative de la population éduquée du Caire écrit principalement en langue vernaculaire (ʿāmmiyya) pour rapporter des informations, et perçoit cette langue comme une variante légitime d’écrit, contredisant les affirmations sur les attitudes populaires vis-à-vis de la langue. Dans le même temps, le fuṣḥā garde sa position de variante prestigieuse et idéalisée. Ces résultats s’expliquent par différents niveaux d’alphabétisation et par le développement de la communication informatique. Les résultats invitent à repenser la situation linguistique du monde arabe, en soutenant l’idée que la diglossie est une richesse sociale et culturelle plutôt qu’un problème. This article is in French.
2
Ibrahim, Nasser A. « A Concubine in Early-Modern Egypt ». Hawwa 14, no 3 (5 décembre 2016) : 251–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341310.
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This article portrays the life of Al-Sit Nafisa Khatun al-Muradiyya, originally taken captive in Georgia and sold into slavery in Cairo, who rises from life as a concubine to become the wife of the Mamluk leader Murad Bey in the late eighteenth century. In the process, Nafisa became chief of the Mamluk Harem and acquired substantial wealth, but her fate would take a turn for the worse after Muhammad Ali Pasha consolidated his control of Egypt and began his efforts to annihilate the Mamluks, culminating in the famous Cairo Citadel massacre of 1811. As her life in various ways mirrored that of Egypt’s Mamluks, this study uses the example of Nafisa to understand the extent to which large social, economic and political changes impacted the lives of individuals who lived through them.
3
Ghonimi, Islam. « Towards Sustainable New Settlements in Egypt : Lessons Learned from a Comparison between Traditional and Modern Settlements in Greater Cairo Region - Egypt ». Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no 5 (8 septembre 2017) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n5p1.
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The last few decades, Egypt drawn into a dramatic socio-economic change that causes a relative change in adopted development patterns. Different typologies of new residential districts have turned from globalized westernized world into Egyptian context. Planners and authority thought that changing adopted development patterns from traditional to modern neighborhood could provide solutions for old town's problems. On the other hand, different scholars have emphasized that traditional compact, mixed use, high-density urban forms are important for reaching sustainability goals in term of environmental, economic and social advantages. Based on a comparison of the sustainability of three case studies Shubra, Heliopolis, and new Cairo city; this research examine analyze the sustainability of New Egyptian Settlements. The analysis depends on observation and spatial analysis to investigate the variations of performances between the three case studies in terms of urban, social, environmental, and economic sustainability indicators. The research aims to assess the sustainability of moving from traditional to modern urban form in GCR' new towns and to extract development criteria and lessons learned from traditional urban form to enhance the sustainability of modern settlements. The research concluded that both traditional early developed settlements like Shubra and new planned settlements like new Cairo recorded low performance in sustainability issues, each one in its own way; and that early planned settlements like Heliopolis recorded moderate performance in sustainability issues, this paves the way for criteria to prepare new plans of new settlements and provide intensification repair tools to fix existing new settlements.
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Abdel-Ghani, Taher. « Film Intervention in Public Space. A Phylogenetic Spatial Change ». Journal of Public Space, Vol. 5 n. 4 (1 décembre 2020) : 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v5i4.1384.
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Cinema has taken up the role of a social agent that introduced a variety of images and events to the public during critical times. This paper proposes the idea of using films as a tool to reclaim public space where a sense of belonging and dialogue restore to a meaningful place. During the January 2011 protests in Egypt, Tahrir Cinema, an independent revolutionary project composed of filmmakers and other artists, offered a space in Downtown Cairo and screened archival footage of the ongoing events to the protestors igniting civic debate and discussions. The traditional public space has undergone what Karl Kropf refers to as the phylogenetic change, i.e. form and function that is agreed upon by society and represents a common conception of certain spatial elements. Hence, the framework that this research will follow is a two-layer discourse, the existence of cinema in public spaces, and the existence of public spaces in cinema. Eventually, the paper seeks to enhance the social relationship between society, spaces, and cinematic narration – a vital tool to raise awareness about the right to the city.
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Yavuz, Cuneyt, Elcin Kentel et Mustafa M. Aral. « Climate Change Risk Evaluation of Tsunami Hazards in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea ». Water 12, no 10 (16 octobre 2020) : 2881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102881.
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Climate change impacts on social and economic assets and activities are expected to be devastating. What is as important as the analysis of climate change triggered events is the analysis of a combination of climate change related events and other natural hazards not related to climate change. Given this observation, the purpose of this study is to present a coastal risk analysis for potential earthquake triggered tsunamis (ETTs) coupled with the sea level rise (SLR) in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. For this purpose, extensive stochastic analysis of ETTs, which are not related to climate change, are conducted considering the effects of climate change related SLR projections for this century. For the combined analysis, economic and social risks are evaluated for two regions in the Eastern Mediterranean Coastline, namely the Fethiye City Center at the Turkish Coastline and the Cairo Agricultural Area near Egypt. It is observed that ignoring SLR will hinder realistic evaluation of ETT risks in the region. Moreover, spatial evaluations of economic and social risks are necessary since topography and proximity to the earthquake zones affect inundation levels due to ETTs in the presence of SLR.
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Fábos, Anita Häusermann. « Embodying Transition : FGC, Displacement, and Gender-making for Sudanese in Cairo ». Feminist Review 69, no 1 (novembre 2001) : 90–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01417780110070139.
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In this article I analyze both generalized propriety as a boundary marker of Sudanese identity in Cairo, and gendered attitudes toward morality and female genital cutting (FGC) as a fundamental aspect of that boundary. Sudanese have been profoundly affected by the ongoing political crisis in their home country, by the displacement triggered by political and economic collapse, and by their deteriorating legal and social status in Egypt. The dramatic changes in the circumstances of Sudanese residence in Cairo have challenged the cultural norm of gender complementarity as men ‘stay at home’ for want of work while women seek and find new opportunities for themselves. This unstable situation has led Sudanese to place more emphasis on ‘proper’ ways of behaving and being, an assertion that helps define the ethnic boundaries of the Sudanese community in Cairo. I demonstrate the inconsistencies between discourse and reality through ethnographic data while analyzing how Sudanese have found new ways of asserting their identity and resisting the practice of FGC.
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Mostafa, Samah Ahmed Faried. « The Role of Sport Programs in Peace Building. Anthropological Study at El-Zhour Club in Cairo ». European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no 29 (31 octobre 2018) : 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n29p244.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In Egypt, after leading change in the 2011 revolution, and being the majority of the Egyptian population, young Egyptians became the focus of much attention in the political and media speech. Sport for peace building has become an acknowledged policy in underprivileged communities both in the developing and developed world. The study argues that sport for peace programs in Egypt hold the potential role not only to alter structural violence but also to prevent the violence in the form of extremism. This study aims to place the perception of the sport importance and its influence’ on youth manner especially towards peace building and conflict resolution. It is important to reveal youth’ perception and their recommendations about peace and conflict after participating in some sports program at the club. The purpose of this paper is to determine the current barriers faced by Egyptian sport federations in their policy to reduce the social conflict. The data set is made up of youth and expert interviews, coaches and supplemented by ethnographic records about youth sport programs collected by the author through observation and scale. The methodology of the study is based on both the descriptive analytical method and a Likert Scale measurement. The results discovered the need of extra definitions and applications from the religious, art and cultural program beside the sports program to achieve the peace building. They suggested extra programs which may develop their character such as the development of cultural and social awareness.
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Sinunu, Michele, Kathryn M. Yount et Nadia Abdel Whab El Afify. « Informal and Formal Long-term Care for Frail Older Adults in Cairo, Egypt : Family Caregiving Decisions in a Context of Social Change ». Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 24, no 1 (10 juillet 2008) : 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10823-008-9074-6.
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Hassan, Bassma Taher, Mohamad Yassine et Doaa Amin. « Comparison of Urbanization, Climate Change, and Drainage Design Impacts on Urban Flashfloods in an Arid Region : Case Study, New Cairo, Egypt ». Water 14, no 15 (5 août 2022) : 2430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14152430.
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Urban flooding is considered one of the hazardous disasters in metropolitan areas, especially for those located in arid regions. Due to the associated risks of climate change in increasing the frequency of extreme rainfall events, climate-induced migration to urban areas leads to the intensification of urban settlements in arid regions as well as an increase in urban expansion towards arid land outskirts. This not only stresses the available infrastructure but also produces substantial social instability due to unplanned urban growth. Therefore, this study sheds light on the main factors that are increasing the flood risk, through examining the consequences of rapid urban growth and the performance of drainage networks on urban flood volumes and comparing it with the effects induced by climate change on the surface runoff. The effect of urbanization is assessed through land use maps showing the historical urbanization conditions for the past 30 years, while considering the role of urban planning and its effect on exacerbating surface runoff. Six climate projection scenarios adopted from three Global Climate Models under two Representative Concentration Pathways (4.5 and 8.5) during the period (2006–2020) were compared to ground observed rainfall data to identify which climate scenario we are likely following and then evaluate its effects on the current rainfall trends up to the year 2050. The significance of the drainage design in the mitigation or increase of surface runoff is evaluated through capacity-load balance during regular and extreme storms. It is found that using impervious surfaces coupled with poor planning causing the blockage of natural flood plains led to an increase in the total runoff of about 180%, which is three times more than the effect induced by climate change for the same analysis period. Climate change decreased the intensities of 2- and 5-year rainfall events by 6% while increasing the intensities of extreme events corresponds to 100-year by 17%. Finally, the urban drainage had a distinguished role in increasing surface runoff, as 70% of the network performed poorly during the smallest rainfall event of 2-year return period. The study emphasizes the urgency to re-evaluate the existing and future urban drainage design approach: although urban development and climate change have inevitable effects on the increase in urban flood volumes, it could be alleviated through improved infrastructures.
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Saleh, Mariam A., Loay Kassem, Hanaa Atteya, Mohamed Mousa et Samy Alsirafy. « Changes in Perceived Social Support after Starting Treatment in Egyptian Patients with Operable Breast Cancer : A Longitudinal Observational Study ». Tumori Journal 106, no 1_suppl (avril 2020) : 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300891620914160.
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Background: Social support (SS) has been proven to be associated with improved outcome of early breast cancer. Little is known about the magnitude of social support available for Egyptian breast cancer patient and much less is known about the changes that occur in such support after the diagnosis of breast cancer and starting treatment. Methods: We designed a longitudinal questionnaire based prospective cohort study using the six item form of the Medical Outcomes Study- Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) questionnaire and included patients with pathologically proven non-metastatic breast cancer 18-70 years of age. Patients completed the self administered questionnaire at 2 time points: at first diagnosis of breast cancer and after 3-6 months of starting treatment. Comparison of the pre and post treatment questionnaires was done using paired sample T test. Results: A total of 48 patients completed the 2 questionnaires. Median age was 48 years (range: 24-65 years). Seventy percent of our patients were married, 67% had more than 2 children and 77.8% were housewives. Around half of the patients (45.2%) had monthly income below 1200 EGP. Patients who had higher education level (p=0.002) and those who were living in Cairo (p=0.033) reported higher SS at baseline. Mean MOS-SSS score at baseline was 64.4 (±24.8) while after treatment was 76.4 (±22.3); p<0.001. The increase in SS was consistent in most of the patient subgroups but was more prominent in illiterate patients compared to educated (p=0.033), those who work a handy job compared to housewife (p=0.04), and those who lived in Upper Egypt compared to Cairo residents (p=0.029). Conclusion: The majority of Egyptian breast cancer patients had a supportive environment after the diagnosis of breast cancer. A special attention should be paid to the at-risk groups with no sufficient SS during that period.
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Soliman, Nayera Abdelrahman. « Remembering the 1977 Bread Riots in Suez : Fragments and Ghosts of Resistance ». International Review of Social History 66, S29 (9 mars 2021) : 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859021000109.
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AbstractMost of the existing literature on the 1977 Bread Riots focuses on the protests as an episode in larger national and international political and economic waves of change, either as the end of an era of political mobilization in Egypt, or the beginning of an era of anti-neoliberal struggles in the region and wider world. Moreover, most of the literature focuses on Cairo. Seeking to diverge from the trend even further, this article focuses on the memory of the 1977 uprising in the city of Suez, which it explores through the perspectives of leftist activists and others. It aims to understand how the people of Suez who witnessed and participated in the 1977 protests remember and interpret the event today, asking what memory of the uprising means politically on a local level. By exploring the memory of the 1977 protests in Suez, this article traces their effects on the lives of the selected interlocutors, and also on their political actions and interpretations. It follows three memory fragments of the 1977 protests in Suez from three different vantage points: the position of people who were members of political organizations before the protests; the traces of protests in Suez's streets; and the position of those who witnessed the protests from home.
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SÈNE, Abib. « A Gender-Sex System that afrocentralizes the Issue of a Traditional Female identity. The Case in Nawal El Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero and Nuruddin Farah’s From a Crooked Rib ». International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 3, no 5 (31 mai 2020) : 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.5.9.
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This paper aims at spotlighting the process of dehumanization women are victim of in many African traditional societies. From Cairo to Mogadiscio, women are all by themselves and go through the after-effects of the social and sexual brutalities they are daily subjected to. Nawal El Saadawi and Nuruddin Farah, in Woman at Point Zero and From a Crooked Rib, have brought on surface the stark stratification organized in age-old societies to the detriment of women. Thus being, the paper analyses the physical mutilation, the sexual exploitation women suffer from both in Egypt and Somalia and the whacks they take to liberate themselves from the enslaving social cages in which they are confined. Its findings contribute in showing up the mute but decisive changes that operate among the female gentry in religions-oriented countries in Africa. It underlines as well the de-phallocratization of traditional systems that stiffen women’s strong aspirations to freedom.
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Elshater, Abeer, Hisham Abusaada, Menna Tarek et Samy Afifi. « Designing the Socio-Spatial Context Urban In fill, Liveability, and Conviviality ». Built Environment 48, no 3 (1 octobre 2022) : 341–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.3.341.
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This study tackles the design challenge of urban in fill development which arises from changes in the urban form and daily living experiences. Using the Web of Science to review relevant literature published over the last decade, we found a signi ficant gap in the study of in fill development: it overlooks liveability and conviviality. To fill this gap, an in fill project in Ard el Golf, Cairo, Egypt, was surveyed using ethnographic research comprising two surveys and semi-structured interviews with site visitors, workers, and residents, and spatial analysis of the changes before and after the project. The results highlight the critical role of functional neighbourhood changes based on their impact on residents', site workers', and users' perceptions of their environment. A six-step strategic framework is presented aggregating the social and morphological dimensions that can off er designers a be er means of confronting the consequences of urban in fill projects with respect to the socio-spatial context for liveable and convivial urban living.
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Singer, Amy. « Mine Ener. Managing Egypt's Poor and the Politics of Benevolence, 1800–1952. Princeton : Princeton University Press, 2003. » Comparative Studies in Society and History 47, no 2 (avril 2005) : 434–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417505220194.
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Egypt of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries has long been a focus for study by social scientists and humanists of various disciplines. To an extensive bibliography is now added a unique work of social history that explores the lives of Egypt's poor and the shifting attitudes toward them over 150 years. Mine Ener has written an account of how the poor of Cairo and Alexandria negotiated assistance from traditional institutions and government agencies alike, and how the nature of institutions offering assistance changed during this time. She posited that, for much of this period, the attitude of successive Egyptian governments toward the poor was one infused with an Islamic ethos of charity and informed by shifting political concerns. Continuous evidence of government behavior—from Mehmet Ali Pasha in the early nineteenth century to King Farouk in the mid-twentieth—demonstrates that the source of charity was never thoroughly depersonalized. Each one claimed to be the source of assistance and couched his claims in the language of the concerned and conscientious Muslim ruler.
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Hakim, Hasnan. « Modernity and Culture ». American Journal of Islam and Society 20, no 2 (1 avril 2003) : 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v20i2.1868.
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This book contains the output from a series of discussions leading to an American Social Science Research Council (SSRC) conference in Aix-enProvence, France in September 1998. The 18 essays address some aspects of the history of the Mediterranean-Middle East and Indian Ocean-South Asian areas between the 1890s and 1920s, when modernity and colonialism struck these areas. Despite the lack of a precise definition of moder nity, the contributors unravel how the advent of "European" modernity in transportation, military power, media, and imperialistic or colonial tendency shaped these areas' culture and social structures. Many of the essays focus upon eighteenth- and nineteenth-century urban areas in port cities and important cities like Izmir, Haifa, Alexandria, Cairo, Basra, and Istanbul. This alludes to the fact that the cosmopolitan areas, especially coastal or port cities, are the locus of change, instead of rural areas. Throughout the book, modernization in Asia is treated less as an overpowering energy enacting inevitable social change than as a contested arena where subjugated people actively adapted, resisted, or altered the course of modernization inflicted by European colonialism. The introduction by C. A. Bayly and L. T. Fawaz provides background sketches of the challenge of area studies in history and long-term historical trends affecting the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean rim circa I 600-1920. Three broad strokes are identified: the relative decline of such Muslim empires as the Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals or Deccan, due to their growing irrelevance or colonial encroachment; European mercantilistimperialistic efforts in the maritime affairs of the Mediterranean, Red Sea, and Indian Ocean; and sweeping social change in Muslim societies due to embracing or reacting against the European onslaught or a pure reconstruction of culture and thought (e.g., Wahhabism, the Young Turks, and the pan-Islamic movement in Egypt and India). Against this backdrop, all chapters weave diverse, indepth, and interesting analyses at the macro, micro, or societal and individual levels ...
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Langohr, Vickie. « Women's Rights Movements during Political Transitions : Activism against Public Sexual Violence in Egypt ». International Journal of Middle East Studies 47, no 1 (février 2015) : 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743814001482.
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The most famous demand raised by protesters in the “Arab Spring” was “al-shaʿb/yurīd/isqāṭ al-niẓām” (the people/want /the fall of the regime). Three years later, little progress has been made—outside of Tunisia—in permanently replacing authoritarian regimes with the formal institutions of democracy. However, new forms of activism have emerged that increase citizens’ ability to directly combat pervasive social problems and to successfully pressure official institutions to alter policies. The evolution of activism against public sexual violence in post-Mubarak Egypt is a concrete example. Sexual harassment of women on the streets and in public transportation, widespread before the 25 January uprising, has likely since increased.1 Many women have been subjected to vicious sexual assault at political protests over the last three years. But activism against these threats has also expanded in ways unimaginable during the Mubarak era. Groups of male and female activists in their twenties and early thirties exhort bystanders on the streets to intervene when they witness harassment, and intervene themselves. Satellite TV programs have extensively covered public sexual violence, directly challenging officials for their failure to combat it while featuring the work of antiharassment and antiassault groups in a positive light. These new practices facilitated two concrete changes in the summer of 2014: amendments to the penal code on sexual harassment, and Cairo University's adoption of an antiharassment policy which was developed by feminist activists.
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Al-Zu bi, Maha, et Osama Mansour. « Water, Energy, and Rooftops : Integrating Green Roof Systems into Building Policies in the Arab Region ». Environment and Natural Resources Research 7, no 2 (10 mars 2017) : 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v7n2p11.
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Recent research claim that adopting green roof systems in building sectors in the Arab region is becoming necessary because of the current environmental, social, and economical challenges. Some Arab countries have already developed green building rating systems and recognized the importance of green roofs; however, they still do not fully benefit from such systems owing to limited supporting policies and financial incentives. The purpose of this article is to contribute to a better understanding of the potential role of green roof systems in effective planning and moving towards sustainable urban development in the Arab region. We argue that integrating green roof systems within governmental policies and green building strategies would potentially help in saving energy, enhancing water management, and coping with climate change. This paper presents a conceptual framework to help governments in the Arab region to adopt green roofs in their environmental policies. To present this framework; first, we studied the current international policies that adopt green roof systems and practices, then proposed a conceptual framework for adopting green roof systems in the Arab region. Second, we have chosen Cairo, Egypt, and Amman, Jordan from the Arab region to demonstrate the applicability of this framework at city level while considering the national and local context. This demonstration provides a novel perspective for the benefits of green roof systems in energy savings and water management in the Arab region.
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Elsafty, Ashraf, et Marwa Elshahed. « The Changes in Online Buying Intention as a Determinant of Behavior During COVID-19 Pandemic in the Ready-Made Garments Industry in Egypt ». International Journal of Business and Management 16, no 5 (2 avril 2021) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v16n5p1.
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During 2020, in the time of the COVID-19 during and after lockdown. Governments are imposing lockdown and shutdown for all activities/services inside the country to reduce the spread of the previously mentioned pandemic including international flights. Major factories and manufacturers had stopped for months during the pandemic which led to having thousands of people with no salaries. Major companies resorted to work from home procedures whenever they can to keep the business going. This research will focus on the Online buying intention that eventually leads to buying behavior of Ready-made Garments in Egypt over the internet and social media, such as Facebook and Instagram to be specific. Readymade garment industry has started booming with the spread of e-commerce, especially with the influence of social media. Paper focuses on the area of greater Cairo and its resident customer segment of readymade garments, focusing on middle and upper social with minimum college education, who are also well-enabled with the needed resources to purchase products via the Internet.
The primary data was collected through Customer Interviews that were conducted through online questionnaires that resulted in the observation of COVID-19 as a catalyst for online shopping intention as a determinant of behavior since 32.5 % of the respondents increased their buying frequency during the lockdown. The secondary data was collected through the review of previous researches, models and cases. Although the Online Buying Behavior is relatively a new phenomenon, the Buying behavior is quite rich with theories, a theoretical framework was proposed for the study of the online buying intention as a determinant of behavior that is based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by Davis (1989) and 2 variables from Nayyar & Gupta (2011) along with 2 moderating variables which are eWOM & Psychological Factors and a mediating variable which is COVID-19.
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Mowafy, Maha, Eman Ahmed Rushdy, Maha Rakha, Eman Elshekheiby et Saeed Soliman. « The Impact of Early Levothyroxine Replacement in Subclinical Hypothyroidism on Glycemic Control Parameters and Quality of Life in Adult Patients ». Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, B (12 septembre 2022) : 2098–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.10461.
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BACKGROUND: Subclinical hypothyroidism is diagnosed by increased level of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with normal levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4). Controversy exists concerning the early treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism with levothyroxine when TSH level is below 10 mIU/L. AIM: This stud aims to quantify the effects of a 3-month trial of levothyroxine replacement on quality of life in SCH patients with TSH level less than 10 mIU/L as primary outcome and fasting blood sugar and HbA1C levels as secondary outcome. METHODS: This was a randomized controlled trial. It was carried out on subjects between 18 and 65 years, of both sexes attending the family medicine outpatient clinic at Cairo University Hospitals with untreated symptomatic mild subclinical hypothyroidism. Simple randomization was performed by assigning random numbers from random number table. Quality of life (Short-Form 36 Questionnaire) as well as fasting blood sugar levels and HbA1C were assessed before the replacement of levothyroxine and 3 months after starting treatment in the subclinical hypothyroidism patients (intervention group) and were compared to the control group. RESULTS: The median of role limitations due to emotional problems, social functioning, and health change was higher in the intervention group in comparison with the control group. Moreover, the median scores of all general health questionnaire items showed significant positive statistical changes in the intervention group. There was also a significant improvement in glycemic control reflected in lower HbA1C levels and FBS. CONCLUSION: The results of our study highlight the positive effect of early substitution with levothyroxine in subclinical hypothyroid patients regarding the quality of life and glycemic control in Egypt and support the argument for replacement.
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Dewi, Ratna. « KONTRIBUSI TAREKAT TIJANIYAH TERHADAP PERUBAHAN PRILAKU SOSIAL JAMA'AH MASYARAKAT DI DESA PAYABENUA ». Scientia : Jurnal Hasil Penelitian 6, no 1 (31 décembre 2021) : 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32923/sci.v6i1.1738.
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The tijaniyah tarekat was founded by sheikh Abul Abbas at-Tijani, he came from the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad. In studying the tijaniyah tarekat he made a spiritual journey to Fez Morocco in 1171/1757 to study three tarekat namely the Qadiriyah, the Nashiriyah and the Ahmad bin al-habib tarekat. He received his first education from his father and from several other scholars until the age of 20-21 years. Then studied in other cities such as Algeria, Cairo, Makkah and Medina and met with several sheikhs including Sheikh Muhmud al-Karoli and Sheikh Abd. Karim Al-Sama (Samaniyah). These sheikhs contributed significantly to al-Tinjani's involvement in the tarekat movement. So it was from here that Sheikh Ahmad Tijani established a tarekat and this order was known as the tijaniyah tarekat. So that it spread very widely to the Eastern region, North Africa, India, Iran, Turkey, Egypt, and other countries including Indonesia, one of which was the Tijaniyah Order which was founded. In this regard, this problem needs to be examined regarding the tijaniyah tarekat ", namely:" how the contribution of the tijaniyah tarekat to changes in the social behavior of the congregation in the Payabenua village community ". In this study using a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Seeing the contribution of the tijaniyah tarekat in society, there are many changes, so that it can have a positive impact on the surrounding social community. From this research it can be concluded about the contribution of the tijaniyah tarekat to changes in the social behavior of the payabenua village congregation including: social relations of the congregation, the tijaniyah tarekat to Allah, the social relations of the congregation of the tijaniyah tarekat to the community in worshiping Allah, the social relations of the congregation. the tijaniyah tarekat in loving animals and plants, and the social relationship of the tijaniyah congregation to the universe.
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Nadim, Wafaa. « Live-work and adaptable housing in Egypt ». Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 5, no 3 (5 septembre 2016) : 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-08-2016-0019.
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Purpose Since the 1950s, Egypt has been challenged by rapid unplanned and uncontrolled informal developments. These may be regarded as people’s interventions to fulfil their basic needs which are seemingly not successfully materialised in previous as well as current interventions. Building on the anticipated demographic and socio-economic changes in the Egyptian society and the consequent changing needs; the purpose of this paper is to present the preliminary investigation of an ongoing research project that regards the housing unit as the nucleus for autonomous mobility starting from the dwelling internal spaces to the nearest public transport. In this respect, informal interventions to adapt housing typologies to the various needs are explored, defined, and categorised to inform future developments. Design/methodology/approach This exploratory phase follows an interpretivist view, which regards reality as not being objective and exterior, but rather socially constructed – given meaning by people. Acknowledging this, a qualitative case study approach was adopted to investigate the perception and aspirations of different age groups and educational levels, including different mobility abilities regarding the efficiency of their housing units and the immediate surroundings – context bound to an informal area in Greater Cairo, Egypt. This investigation comprised two stages. The first was an observatory site visit to establish, define, and identify preliminary challenges; these were then verified and complemented through the second stage which involved meeting and validating stage one data with respective inhabitants. An invitation was sent to inhabitants through an active NGO in the area to gain trust and acceptance of the inhabitants. The invitation targeted different age groups, physical abilities, and educational levels. Findings While developed countries are reviving and promoting the live-work concept, and are continuously thriving to adapt their housing and built environment (in general) to be age friendly; in Egypt, however, Government has largely provided housing projects which adopt a total separation between residential and non-residential activities. Furthermore, the mixed-use typology provided by the Government was arguably with “limited success”. Informal developments on the contrary tend to provide mixed-use housing typologies; in addition to informally adapting their “formal” dwellings to satisfy users’ changing needs. People and particularly the elderly do not consider the quality of their habitable environment as a priority (as long as they have a shelter for their families). However, while not explicitly acknowledging the problematic nature of their dwellings, specific interventions – physical and/or functional, imply their dissatisfaction, including their attempts to improve the spatial and functional qualities of their units. The results from literature review triangulated with findings from the case study; devised a conceptual framework which comprises subcategories for a successful realisation of mixed-use adaptable housing typology in Egypt to inform second phase of the research (not reported). Research limitations/implications This preliminary phase investigates the breadth of housing units’ challenges and explores potential for adaptation. Therefore, a qualitative semi-structured approach was adopted to allow participants to express themselves freely. Furthermore, the participants are those who accepted the invitation to participate in the study, and therefore care should be taken when generalising the results beyond this bounded observation lens. Social implications This research highlights the needs and challenges that need to be taken into account to ensure future housing typologies are adaptable and responsive to current as well as future socio-economic and demographic changes. Originality/value This work evaluates, defines, and categorise mixed-use housing typology potential and challenges in light of informal developments in Egypt. These challenges inform the second phase of this research to identify possible scenarios for achieving systemic “inclusivity” for future housing developments in Egypt.
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Vasiliev, Alexey M. « Saudi Arabia. The time of troubles : Both repression and “liberalization” ». Asia and Africa Today, no 10 (2022) : 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750022717-0.
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In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, the task to separate itself from extremist and terrorist activities became urgent for the Saudi government and the Wahhabi corporation. The period of liberalization started: freedom of the media was declared, national dialogues were promoted, some academic and school programs were changed. Pro-government “liberals” started a discussion about the establishment of “a state of institutions” (i.e., a constitutional monarchy). “Liberalization” was short-lived and new repressions began. The Arab Spring practically did not come to Saudi Arabia. The government could calm down possible unrest by generous multi-billion social measures and concessions in the sphere of women’s rights. But at the same time the suppression of organized opposition continued. The “Muslim Brothers” were officially designated as a terrorist organization. A coup d’état in Egypt against the rule of the “Muslim Brothers” was welcomed by Riyadh, and the new military government in Cairo received financial and political support from the kingdom. A temporary strengthening of Al-Qaeda in Iraq and Syria shifted the terrorist activity across the border. On the regional level, Sunni-Shiah contradictions engendered a cold war between Iran and Saudi Arabia. At the end of King Abdullah’s rule, the country already was an important international actor in the field of oil, petrochemicals, and finances. But its archaic socio-political system became a danger to internal stability and economic development. The situation demanded serious reforms.
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Gertel, J�rg, et Petra Kuppinger. « Space, social reproduction and food security in Cairo/Egypt ». GeoJournal 34, no 3 (novembre 1994) : 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00813931.
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Brooke, Steven. « Egypt : The Muslim Brothers in Society : Everyday Politics, Social Action, and Islamism in Mubarak's Egypt, by Marie Vannetzel. Translated by David Tresilian (book review) ». Middle East Journal 76, no 3 (1 décembre 2022) : 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/76.3.301.
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The Muslim Brothers in Society: Everyday Politics, Social Action, and Islamism in Mubarak's Egypt, by Marie Vannetzel. Translated by David Tresilian. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2020. 484 pages. $49.95.
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Shahidipak, Mohammadreza. « The dominant and defeated theory for sociology of acculturation in clothing, food, color by Ibn Khaldun, judge of Mamlukids, dialogue or clash ». Sociology International Journal 6, no 6 (21 novembre 2022) : 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/sij.2022.06.00309.
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By studying extensive and rapid changes in acculturation between Jew, Islamic,Christian societies of western and eastern of Mediterranean,Ibn Khaldun succeeded to presenting a secular model for justify behavior of states, individuals and societies in tight conflict of power circulation in open Mediterranean societies, which has existed for several centuries since his time. It is important for human sciences and it is based on the natural necessity of society. Ibn Khaldoun's theory has its roots in Qur'an that dominant people are not satisfied with defeated people unless they see them in color of their culture and nations.The theory of dominant and defeated has deep and wider roots in Islamic world, and before Ibn Khaldun and his descendants, it reaches use of word "dominance" in Farabi's social theory, but Ibn Khaldun was in course of a concrete event that was taking place in two section of Islamic worlds and this situation challenged Mamlukids of Egypt and Bani Ahmar kingdom of Andalusia. Based on these daily observations, he presented theory of dominant and defeated which shaped and related upon power and natural necessary spread of culture, which is called social necessity in modern science of sociology.Just as dying Islamic states had succumbed to autograph of their fall, the people of societies were also subject to dominant power in their outward behavior of covering, food, smells and appearances. Contemporary studies of Ibn Khaldun and after him about alienation of women and following the dominant culture in food and clothing, entertainment, doing all the things similar to actions of dominant people that showed in medieval texts, which include specialized terms in field of theory of dominant and subjugated. It is like "the word “Tahrosh" and its direct effect on instability of West of Islamic societies, which was created in same period and some time before Ibn Khaldun. The continuous stability and instability of Cairo from the Fatimids to the Mamlukids period is a direct process of invasion in open Mediterranean societies and continuation of Mongols battles and Crusaders of in Levant (Shamat) that is developing in east from eastern Mediterranean to Indian Ocean.It seems that theories that believe in necessity of civilization and culture and end of history are victorious and there is no place for any kind of cultural fusion. In modern sociology, this phenomenon is referred to as " َ Acculturation”. Is there some kind of convergence between contemporary theories about relationship between civilizations &cultures and Ibn Khaldun's theory that was presented earlier?
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Drolet, Julie. « Women, micro credit and empowerment in Cairo, Egypt ». International Social Work 54, no 5 (6 décembre 2010) : 629–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872810382681.
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Early, Evelyn Aleene. « The baladi curative system of Cairo, Egypt ». Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 12, no 1 (mars 1988) : 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00047039.
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Zinkow, Leszek. « The Sphinx and the Awakenings of Egypt ». Perspektywy Kultury 37, no 2 (29 juin 2022) : 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/pk.2022.3702.05.
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The article discusses some interesting themes of using the image of the Egyptian sphinx in contemporary contexts: the Egypt Awakened (Nahdat Misr) monument in Cairo, symbolizing modern Egypt, and the use of the sphinx motif as an aspect of social protests; the so-called Arab Spring and the political upheaval in Egypt of 2010–2012.
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Anwar, Rosihon, et Asep Abdul Muhyi. « Transmisi dan Transformasi Tradisi Tafsir Dari Mesir ke-Nusantara : Kajian Tafsīr Qur’ān Karīm ». Tashwirul Afkar 41, no 2 (30 décembre 2022) : 213–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51716/ta.v41i2.78.
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Mahmud Yunus was the first ulama of Nusantara who expand to al-Azhar, Cairo, Egypt. He studied with several leading ulama to study knowledge of the Qur’an and tafsīr. When he returned to Indonesia, Mahmud Yunus brought with him the traditions of the Qur’anic interpretation that he had found at al-Azhar, Cairo, Egypt, then poured them into the Book of Tafsīr Qur'an Karīm. This research aims to find out the knowledge transmission that was formed between the interpreters of al-Azhar, Egypt and Mahmud Yunus, and the forms of interpretation traditions contained in Mahmud Yunus' Tafsīr Qur'ān Karīm. In order to uncover the ideological transformation of the Nusantara interpretation in this study, the hermeneutic method is used. The research results indicate that there are several tafsīr traditions contained in Tafsīr Qur'ān Karīm, including the knowledge tradition of interpretation, where Mahmud Yunus adopted Mustafa al-Maraghi's thoughts while studying at al-Azhar in Cairo, Egypt. Also the tradition of social interpretation where Mahmud Yunus adopted the thoughts of Rasyid Ridha and Abduh. These traditions continue to develop up today, not even a few interpreters interpret the Qur'an with a scientific and social approach, such as Tafsīr al-Azhar by Hamka, Tafsīr al-Bayan by Hasbi Ashidiqi, Tafsīr al-Furqan by A Hasan, and tafsīr.
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Laskier, Michael M. « Egypt and Beyond : The Jews of the Arab Countries in Modern Times - Gudrun Krämer. The Jews in Modern Egypt, 1914–1952. Seattle : University of Washington Press, 1989. x, 319 pp. » AJS Review 16, no 1-2 (1991) : 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009400003172.
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Gudrun Krämer's study on the Jews of Egypt is divided into five sections: Communal Structure and Composition; Communal Organization; Socioeconomic and Political Change (1914–1918); Jewish Reactions to Political Change: Egyptian Patriotism, Communism, and Zionism; and The Beginning of the End: Egyptianization, the Arab-Israeli War, and the Burning of Cairo.
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AlSadaty, Aliaa. « Historic Houses as Pillars of Memory : Cases from Cairo, Egypt ». Open House International 43, no 3 (1 septembre 2018) : 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2018-b0002.
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The relationship between collective memory and the built environment is a complex relationship. Though the concept of memory is fragile, the maintenance and continuation of urban memory are essential to maintain groups' identities and to support the sense of place and place attachment between community members and the architectural settings they use and/or reside in. Preserving the physical aspects of buildings, spaces and settings that are linked with memory, is important to preserve the memory, however, the mere preservation does not guarantee the continuation of memory. The maintenance and continuation of memory is a process that depends on several factors, where the preservation of the physical aspects is only one among several. This paper aims at a better understanding of the intricate relationship between collective memory and the built environment, focusing on the processes of formation, stimulation and consolidation of memory. The paper sheds the lights on historic houses that are embedded with significant meanings and memories to their social contexts. It claims that historic houses can easily shift from ‘potential cultural memory' to ‘actual cultural memory' that could act as pillars of memory to their surrounding community, if the conservation process is done comprehensively, that is to include not only the physical and spatial aspects of memory but also to tackle the social dimensions of memory as well. The paper is organized into three sections: the first investigates the memory formation process, focusing on the social and the spatial dimension of memory, then the second investigates the possible channels to memory stimulation and consolidation, and finally, as a case study, the third section investigates the memory of two historic houses in Cairo, Egypt. The review of the works undertaken in the two houses highlights the difference and the distance between the concept of restoration and the essence of conservation. Findings yielded that, urban memory is an important aspect of cultural heritage that should to be captured and preserved for current and future generations, an aspect that is missing in local conservation approaches. Moreover, to be maintained, urban memory needs physical, social and moral props.
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Aboel Fetouh, Y., H. El Askary, M. El Raey, M. Allali, W. A. Sprigg et M. Kafatos. « Annual Patterns of Atmospheric Pollutions and Episodes over Cairo Egypt ». Advances in Meteorology 2013 (2013) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/984853.
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The Nile Delta major cities, particularly Cairo, experienced stagnant air pollution episodes, known as Black Cloud, every year over the past decade during autumn. Low-elevated thermal inversion layers play a crucial role in intensifying pollution impacts. Carbon monoxide, ozone, atmospheric temperature, water vapor, and methane measurements from the tropospheric emission spectrometer (TES) on board the Aura have been used to assess the dominant component below the inversion layer. In this study, time series analysis, autocorrelations, and cross correlations are performed to gain a better understanding of the connections between those parameters and their local effect. Satellite-based data were obtained for the years 2005–2010. The parameters mentioned were investigated throughout the whole year in order to study the possible episodes that take place in addition to their change from year to year. Ozone and carbon monoxide were the two major indicators to the most basic episodes that occur over Cairo and the Delta region.
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Danielson, Nora. « Channels of Protection : Communication, Technology, and Asylum in Cairo, Egypt ». Refuge : Canada's Journal on Refugees 29, no 1 (10 octobre 2013) : 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.37504.
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Communication between service providers and refugees about services, legal processes, and rights helps shape refugees’ experience of asylum but has, in Cairo, Egypt, been a source of misunderstandings and conflict. Based on qualitative pilot research, this paper explores the practices, challenges, and potentials of information technologies old and new in facilitating access to asylum in this southern city. Interviews with refugee and service providers and review of previous technology-based initiatives show that although service providers tend to rely on oral information transfer, other channels—print, phone, text messaging, websites, social media—hold significant capacity for growth. Existing practices and initiatives in Cairo demonstrate the potential for technology-based projects to overcome the geographic barriers of the urban setting and the range of literacy and languages in Cairo’s refugee communities. However, service providers and refugees require further funding and institutional support if this potential is to be realized.
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Larson, Barbara K. « Reem Saad, Social History of an Agrarian Reform Community in Egypt, Cairo Papers in Social Science, Vol. II, Monograph 4 (Cairo : American University in Cairo Press, 1988). Pp. 126. » International Journal of Middle East Studies 23, no 1 (février 1991) : 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800034590.
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Murray, John S. « The Cairo Stories : Some Reflections on Conflict Resolution in Egypt ». Negotiation Journal 13, no 1 (janvier 1997) : 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1571-9979.1997.tb00117.x.
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Hoehn, John P., et Douglas J. Krieger. « An Economic Analysis of Water and Wastewater Investments in Cairo, Egypt ». Evaluation Review 24, no 6 (décembre 2000) : 579–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193841x0002400602.
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Bullock, Katherine. « Development, Change, and Gender in Cairo ». American Journal of Islam and Society 15, no 2 (1 juillet 1998) : 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v15i2.2185.
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Since the late 1980s, the literature on women living in the Middle East hasshown an uneven but progressive sophistication in its approach. The view ofbackward, oppressed, submissive women is gradually being replaced by anunderstanding that women in the Middle East, like women anywhere, are "rational"actors, fully cognizant of their environment and situations. Books such asEveryday Life in the Muslim Middle East,1 and Muslim Women's Choices:Religious Belief and Social Reality2 are examples of this welcome ttend.Development, Change, and Gender in Cairo: A View from the Household, editedby Diane Singerman and Homa Hoodfar, is a fine contribution lo this newgenre. The essays in this book not only show that Cairene women are intelligentand comprehending observers of Egyptian society, but that they are also activeparticipants in their society-acting upon it, as well as being acted upon. Wewould hardly need a scholarly book lo tell us this, if it were not for the sttengthand prevalence of the negative stereotype of the "oppressed/silenced/submissiveMuslim woman," contributed lo in no small measure by previous scholarlybooks!Development, Change, and Gender in Cairo: A View from the Householdcontains seven essays detailing various aspects of low-income Cairene women'slives, plus an introduction by the editors which sets the more focused empiricalessays into broader theoretical context The volume is an interdisciplinary work,with contributions from sociologists, anthropologists, communications special ...
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Hashim, Ahmed M. M., Ahmed M. Hassan, Ghada Essam El-Din Amin et Mohamed Farouk Allam. « Prevalence of Strox Smoking Among University Students in Cairo, Egypt ». Open Public Health Journal 13, no 1 (19 août 2020) : 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010425.
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Background: In Egypt, the prevalence rate of New Psychoactive Substances (NPSs) use is severely underestimated. In the last 5 years, several non-scientific reports have demonstrated the presence of an emergent, cheap NPSs that has taken the name of “Strox” or “Egyptian Spice”. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence rate of Strox smoking among undergraduate students attending Ain Shams University (ASU), Cairo (Egypt). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in five non-medical colleges of ASU, namely, Law, Commerce, Computer Science, Engineering, and Literature. Participants were recruited using a convenient sampling method and were asked about NPSs use. Data were collected using the Marijuana Smoking History Questionnaire (MSHQ) developed by Bonn-Miller and Zvolensky (2009). The questionnaire was translated and modified to reflect Egyptian slang and culture. Results: This study included 558 students, 422 (75.6%) males and 136 (24.4%) females. The results showed that 189 (33.9%) were current tobacco smokers, 51 (9.1%) were smokers of substances other than tobacco, 45 (8.1%) were cannabis smokers, 38 (6.8%) were Strox smokers, and 3 (0.5%) were Voodoo smokers. When students were asked about their reasons for smoking Strox, they cited the following motivations: to achieve a feeling of euphoria(28.9%), depression (23.7%), experimentation (23.7%), peer pressure (21.1%), and having excess money (2.6%). The results showed a clear association between tobacco and cannabis smoking and consumption of Strox. Conclusion: Although the prevalence rates of NPSs usage as observed in this study were not high, higher rates could be expected in other communities outside of the university. Community-based studies are needed to estimate the magnitude of NPSs use in Egypt and the associated risk factors.
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McNicoll], [Geoffrey, et Richard H. Adams. « Development and Social Change in Rural Egypt. » Population and Development Review 13, no 1 (mars 1987) : 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1972132.
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El-Feki, Sameh, et Taher Abdel-Ghani. « The architectural features of socio-spatial transformation in Hassan Al-Imam’s Cairo Trilogy ». Journal of Urban Cultural Studies 9, no 2 (1 décembre 2022) : 199–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jucs_00055_1.
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The urban scenery that dominated Cairo since the nineteenth century was a spatial superimposition of tradition and modernity, represented in the social and architectural composition of the city. The cinematic medium in Egypt attempted to visualize such overlap through a vivid depiction of spatial transformations occurring within the micro and macro urban levels revealing hidden aspects of social order and organizational behaviour. This article sheds light on Egyptian filmmaker Hassan Al-Imam’s Cairo Trilogy films, based on the critically acclaimed novels by Nobel Prize laureate Naguib Mahfouz, where the story takes place in the heart of early twentieth-century Cairo spanning from 1917 to 1944. The films’ physical features illustrate the morphology of time and urban space constituting to the socio-spatial narratives of the local setting, a theoretical framework adopted by the authors named cine-spatial representation. Through the examination of such connection within the settings across the three films, the article reveals the influence of non-physical elements on the physicality of architectural and urban space, creating a visual narrative from social collectivism to individualist fragmentation.
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Winegar, Jessica. « LILIANE KARNOUK, Contemporary Egyptian Art (Cairo : American University in Cairo Press, 1995). Pp. 137. » International Journal of Middle East Studies 32, no 2 (mai 2000) : 304–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800002440.
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Studies of contemporary visual art in the Middle East are scarce compared with the vast literature on historical Islamic arts. In the past ten years, however, several notable books and articles have featured this important but under-recognized realm of visual culture in the region. These recent works often examine the ways in which art reflects social trends such as nationalism and struggles for religious identity. Karnouk's book is a worthy introduction to the world of contemporary art in Egypt, and is the first major English-language book of its kind on the subject (see also Wijdan Ali, Modern Islamic Art: Development and Continuity [Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1997]). Contemporary Egyptian Art is a sequel to Karnouk's earlier Modern Egyptian Art: The Emergence of a National Style (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1988), in which she outlined the prominent artists and styles of the first half-century of the modern art movement within the context of Egyptian nationalism. This recent book picks up from the 1952 revolution and presents the major trends in art since that time while offering possible socio-political explanations for these trends.
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Zinger, Oded. « The Use of Social Isolation (inqiṭāʿ) by Jewish Women in Medieval Egypt ». Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 63, no 5-6 (11 novembre 2020) : 820–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341522.
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Abstract Petitions from the Cairo Geniza often emphasize that the petitioner is lonely or “cut off” (munqaṭiʿ) from social support. Such claims are gendered, as they are more common in women’s petitions than in men’s, and women occasionally use explicitly gendered expressions to highlight their social isolation. Claiming to lack social support had a special valency in medieval Islamicate societies due to the primacy of reciprocal social relationships in these societies. Since women’s access to cultural and social capital was more limited than men’s, women lacking effective and supportive male kin were particularly vulnerable and were recognized as deserving justice. Studying claims of social isolation thus sheds light on the social predicament of Jewish women in medieval Egypt. Finally, recognizing the currency of social isolation in women’s petition helps identify an opposite trend of social belonging in men’s petitions.
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Bolteya, Ahmed M., Mohamed A. Elsayad, Ola D. El Monayeri et Adel M. Belal. « Impact of Phase Change Materials on Cooling Demand of an Educational Facility in Cairo, Egypt ». Sustainability 14, no 23 (30 novembre 2022) : 15956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315956.
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Heat gains and losses via building envelopes are impacted by varied characteristics such as geometry, orientation, properties of the building materials, and the type of construction and its interface with the exterior environment. Current studies are investigating the use of phase change materials (PCMs) characterized by high latent heat and low thermal conductivity that may cause temperature time lag and reduce amounts of heat transferred through building envelopes. The prime objectives of this research are evaluating zones’ energy consumption by type for an educational facility in a dry arid climate, examining the effects of a PCM (RT28HC) and polyurethane insulating material, comparing these effects to the existing situation with respect to cooling energy savings and CO2 emissions, and studying the effect of varying PCM thicknesses. The working methodology depended on gathering the real status and actual material of the building, constructing models of the building using Design Builder (DB) simulation software, and comparing the insulation effect of incorporating polyurethane and phase change insulating materials. A parametric study evaluated various PCM thicknesses (6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 mm). Validation was performed primarily for a selected year’s energy usage; simulation results complied with field measurements. The results revealed that an 18 mm PCM had a high efficiency regarding thermal comfort attributes, which reduced cooling energy by 17.5% and CO2 emissions by 12.4%. Consequently, this study has shown the significant potential of PCM regarding improved energy utilization in buildings.
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AHMED, O., W. S. CHOI, A. J. FARKAS et J. P. PIERCE. « Tobacco education in Cairo, Egypt : is there an effect on adolescent smoking ? » Tobacco Control 8, no 4 (1 décembre 1999) : 440–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.8.4.440a.
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Smith, Christine. « Art as a diagnostic : assessing social and political transformation through public art in Cairo, Egypt ». Social & ; Cultural Geography 16, no 1 (17 juillet 2014) : 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2014.936894.
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Hassanein, Elsayed Elshabrawi A., Taha Rabie Adawi et Evelyn S. Johnson. « Barriers to Including Children with Disabilities in Egyptian Schools ». Journal of International Special Needs Education 24, no 1 (1 avril 2021) : 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9782/2331-4001-24.1.25.
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Abstract This study set out to investigate teachers' perceptions of barriers to including children with disabilities in general schools in Egypt. This descriptive, qualitative study drew on a purposive sample of twelve general and special education teachers within two educational districts in Cairo, Egypt. Through in-depth interviews, teachers were asked about their perceptions of the barriers that hinder the implementation of inclusive education in Egypt. Four categories of barriers were identified: structural-organizational, personal, interpersonal and socio-cultural barriers. The findings showed that these barriers are related and interact to affect teachers' beliefs about the possibility of the implementation of inclusion in Egypt. In addition, the study argues that “barriers to inclusion” is a very complicated issue that includes many interrelated contextual factors that should be addressed to implement inclusion effectively. The results indicate that differential change procedures should be followed if we would like to enhance the learning of children with disabilities in inclusive settings.
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Hezam, Abdulrahman Mokbel Mahyoub. « Corruption, Poverty and Immorality : An Analytical Study of New Cairo and Middaq Alley ». مجلة العلوم التربوية و الدراسات الإنسانية 5, no 12 (30 septembre 2020) : 461–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.55074/hesj.v5i12.179.
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This research paper aims at giving a realistic image of the exploitation and suffering of the low middle class in the realistic novels of Naguib Mahfouz Al-Qahira al-Jadida (New Cairo, 1945) and Zudaq al-Midaq (Midaq Alley, 1947). The two novels within their multipart of thematic formation and methodology invite huge possibilities of insights and investigations. Mahfouz focuses attention on the triple threats facing Egypt at that time, poverty, corruption, and unemployment. The study tries to show how Mahfouz argues through these novels that the existence of poverty and corruption in a society violates widely shared moral values and affects the poor people’s dignity as human beings. Using specific examples from the novels, the researcher points out that poverty often does serious harm to poor people’s bodies, relationships, morality, and social relationships. The themes dealt with in these two novels are still valid in today Egypt and the Arab World.
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Ismail, ElHassan Reda, Ghada Mohamed El-Mahdy, Ahmed Hussein Ibrahim et Ahmed Osama Daoud. « Towards automated construction for safe disposal of materials waste in the Egyptian construction industry ». E3S Web of Conferences 347 (2022) : 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234702010.
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The solid waste management (SWM) represents one of the most important challenges worldwide in the current period. Also, it contributes to large negative effect on the three aspects of sustainability which are environmental, social and economic sustainability. Approximately 50% of total annual global generated solid waste (SW) is from construction and demolition waste (CDW). The case of CDW in Egypt has become a major challenge, and Egypt encounters many challenges that obstacle the way for development of efficient SWM especially towards ensuring safe disposal of CDW. This paper aims to investigate: (1) the rising problem related to SW in Egypt showing its main causes; (2) CDW percentages in greater Cairo; (3) the unsafe disposal of CDW waste in Egypt through reviewing most recent research papers; and (4) automation in construction techniques that were previously implemented for better CDW management (CDWM). Findings and recommendations of CDWM improvement in Egypt from this study are expected to encourage research on automated construction technique towards ensuring safe disposal of CDW in Egypt which would be of great effect towards improving sustainability levels in the Egyptian construction sector.
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Araffa, Sultan Awad Sultan. « Geophysical investigation for shallow subsurface geotechnical problems of Mokattam area, Cairo, Egypt ». Environmental Earth Sciences 59, no 6 (4 mars 2009) : 1195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0109-2.
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Aboulnaga, Mohsen, et Mona Mostafa. « Mitigating Heat Islands Effect in Mega Cities through Districts' Prioritisation for Urban Green Coverage Applications : Cairo – Egypt as a Case Study ». Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability 4 (2019) : 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rees/2019002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Heat-related problems have become a global issue resulted from climate change. Prolonged exposure to extreme high temperatures increased the percentage of mortality and morbidity in cities worldwide. Urbanization and population contribute to urban heat islands effect (UHIE). The purpose of this paper is to prioritize urban areas at high risk for heat related incidents in mega cities and to propose the implementation of urban green coverage (UGC) strategies which contribute to mitigating UHIE. The methodology includes a review on the UHI problems, along with the cooling benefits the UGC can produce. Then, the study's application is mainly focused on Cairo Governorate, Egypt as an example of a developing country. Cairo Governorate, Egypt lacks well maintained vegetation in almost all districts as results indicated that it has a mean normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) ranging from 0.08 to 0.25. The study adopts the Australian model developed by Norton et al. [Landsc. Urban Plan. 134, 127 (2015)], which includes the intersection of three factors (heat exposure, vulnerability, and behavioural exposure) to identify a high priority area. It was difficult to assess the behaviour of population in outdoor public spaces in a city like Cairo; hence, the study follows “Crichton's Risk Triangle” conducted by Morabito et al. [PLoS One 10, e0127277 (2015)], to identify high risk areas based on the intersection of three layers: (a) high day-time/night-time surface temperatures − hazard; (b) total exposed population in a city − exposure; and (c) sub-populations at risk of being harmed during extreme heat − vulnerability. In the simulation, the risk assessment method simplifies the process of constructing the GIS database as it is composed of layering system. The development of a Heat-related Vulnerability Index (HVI) map for Cairo districts was conducted by over layering the natural hazard layer (land surface temperature) with spatial demographic data using GIS Software. Results of risk maps of Cairo were presented and showed normalized HVI values ranging between 0.0 and 1.0, which can be categorized into five risk levels (very low to very high). Results also indicated that 13 out of the 46 districts in Cairo are at very high/high risk, while only 5 districts have a very low risk. Finally, a tool was established to map the population vulnerability to extreme heat events by identifying high priority risk areas that requires urgent intervention by applying more UGC to mitigate UHIE and climate action and adaptation.