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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Social change – Czechoslovakia »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Social change – Czechoslovakia"

Kennedy, Michael D., Elaine Weiner, Jaroslav Krejci et Pavel Machonin. « Czechoslovakia 1918-1992 : A Laboratory for Social Change. » Social Forces 77, n^o 4 (juin 1999) : 1658. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3005908.

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Radvan, Michal. « Taxation in Democratic Czechoslovakia and the Independent Czech Republic ». Intertax 49, Issue 8/9 (1 août 2021) : 725–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2021071.

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The taxation system in communist Czechoslovakia was based on the redistributive, regulative, and fiscal functions of taxes. After the Velvet Revolution in November 1989, it was crucial for the economy and economic development to change the tax system. To achieve this, new politicians decided for the slower transformation of Czechoslovakian tax law. Most of the tax acts that were valid in socialist Czechoslovakia remained in force after the Velvet Revolution; however, they were amended in 1990 with regard to the aim of the tax reform being prepared for 1993. In August 1992, the decision to split Czechoslovakia was announced. It was more of a historical coincidence that the independent Czech Republic’s foundation in 1993 was connected with complex tax reform. The reform’s primary aims were the link between tax revenues and gross domestic product; tax justice and fair competition; possible foreign investments and general openness to the European and international markets; elasticity and effectiveness of the tax system; and reduction of social criteria in taxation. The tax reform of 1993 in the Czech Republic is one of the most complex tax reforms globally. Most of the acts adopted at the end of 1992 are still effective. This article aims to introduce the developments in terms of taxation in democratic Czechoslovakia and the independent Czech Republic to international readers. Tax system, tax reform, Czechoslovakia, Czech Republic, Velvet Revolution, nullum tributum sine lege, income tax, property tax, VAT.

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Glenn, John K. « Modern Revolution : Social Change and Cultural Continuity in Czechoslovakia and China ». Contemporary Sociology : A Journal of Reviews 35, n^o 5 (septembre 2006) : 531–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009430610603500555.

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Janáč, Jiří. « Building hydrosocialism in Czechoslovakia ». Global Environment 13, n^o 3 (1 octobre 2020) : 610–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/ge.2020.130305.

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Throughout the period of state socialism, water was viewed as an instrument of immense transformative power and water experts were seen as guardians of such transformation, a transformation for which we coin the term 'hydrosocialism'. A reconfiguration of water, a scarce and vital natural resource, was to a great extent identified with social change and envisioned transition to socialist and eventually communist society. While in the West, hydraulic experts (hydrocrats) and the vision of a 'civilising mission' of water management (hydraulic mission) gradually faded away with the arrival of reflexive modernity from the 1960s, in socialist Czechoslovakia the situation was different. Despite the fact they faced analogous challenges (environmental issues, economisation), the technocratic character of state socialism enabled socialist hydraulic engineers to secure their position and belief in transformative powers of water.

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Clark, Ed, et Anna Soulsby. « Privatisation in Czechoslovakia — A Case Study in Organisational Transformation during Social Change ». Management Research News 15, n^o 5/6 (mai 1992) : 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb028238.

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Šmidrkal, Václav. « A Milestone or Mistake of Progress ? The Death Penalty and State Consolidation in Austria and Czechoslovakia after 1918 ». European History Quarterly 52, n^o 1 (janvier 2022) : 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02656914211066215.

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This article takes a comparative approach and deals with the issue of the death penalty in Austria and Czechoslovakia after the First World War. Whereas both successor states strived for progressive reforms that would delimit them from the discredited old regime, each of them found a different response to the experience of extreme violence and massive use of the death penalty during the First World War. While Austria abolished the death penalty by law in 1919 and anchored this abolition into its constitution in 1920, Czechoslovakia, despite expectations to the contrary, gradually embedded this punishment within the process of national state consolidation in the post-war chaos. This article argues that this difference was not only a result of an actual dominance of retentionists or abolitionists, but it had its deeper roots in the relation of the new states to the vanquished empire and the values of the regime change. Austrian Social Democrats, alongside other politicians, saw a way out of the state collapse and the post-war legal nihilism through laying down the state's new foundations and by the abolishing the death penalty, which they regarded as unjustifiable. In Czechoslovakia the death penalty was dismissed as a means of national repression under the Habsburgs but it proved useful in maintaining military discipline in the Czechoslovak Army and managing its peripheral regions where the state had little representation. It also served as a penal instrument to control the skyrocketing criminality that occurred amidst the post-war chaos. While the misery of defeat called for a fresh start in Austria, the death penalty turned out to be irreplaceable for securing the national independence and future prospects in victorious Czechoslovakia.

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Bernstein, Thomas P. « Modern Revolution : Social Change and Cultural Continuity in Czechoslovakia and Chinaby Daniel Brook ». Political Science Quarterly 121, n^o 3 (septembre 2006) : 507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-165x.2006.tb01526.x.

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Sommer, Vítězslav. « The Economics of Everyday Life in “New” Socialism ». History of Political Economy 51, S1 (1 décembre 2019) : 52–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-7903228.

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The article explores the effort by economists and economic journalists in Czechoslovakia in the 1960s to translate economic knowledge to the political language of reform communism. Czechoslovak economists aimed to cultivate public understanding of economic issues and to disseminate economic knowledge among the nonacademic public, not only through politically engaged writing in the journal Ekonomická revue, but also through research on management to change managers’ behavior, habits, and competencies. In this important communication with nonacademic recipients, experts translated their economic knowledge to the specific managerial language of advice and personal self-development. A significant part of management studies literature was concerned with capitalist economies, especially capitalist managerial praxis. It thus contributed to the social academic and journalistic genre of the 1960s that focused on exploring capitalism and the West.

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Landa, Filip. « ACTUAL CHANGES IN SYSTEM OF URBAN PLANNING IN POST-SOCIALIST CITY : THE CASE OF PRAGUE ». Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 40, n^o 4 (14 décembre 2016) : 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2016.1246986.

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After the change of political system in Czechoslovakia (1989) came also a lot of social, economical and cultural changes. Today, all the Czech cities stay in front of the biggest change of city planning philosophy in last two decades. Prague, the capital city of Czech Republic, decided for a big institutional transition in 2012. The municipality, in cooperation with Faculty of Architecture CTU in Prague, is preparing completely pioneering methodology for quality commissioning of land use plans and, in cooperation with the new Institute of Planning and Development, is preparing innovative system of city planning. There are new ordinances, laws, regulations, tourist trade strategies and many other documents. Prague, as one of the strongest regions in East-Central Europe, can be seen like a laboratory of current development of post-socialist city. The new methodology of Metropolitan Plan could be a key to success.

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Blaive, Muriel. « Surveillance Society : From Communist Czechoslovakia to Contemporary Western Democracies ». East Central Europe 49, n^o 2-3 (19 octobre 2022) : 254–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763308-49020006.

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Abstract Surveillance was long considered one of the main characteristics of communist rule. The ubiquitous presence of the secret police and its informants, citizens who would spy on their own family, friends, and colleagues, was one trait that was considered almost consubstantial to the exercise of communist repression. The regimes paralyzed the people by mobilizing fear: fear of repression, but also fear of the West, and fear of capitalism. But the participation of large chunks of society to this control culture, as well as its high level of conformism, progressively led to the postulate that the communist domination is no more than one particular avatar of modern society. Such an approach revives the notion of individual choice and that of social actors. As dissident thinkers underlined it, it would have been enough for people to question the official dogma, by refusing to live in a lie, for the regimes to collapse. However, surveillance practices have been studied also in Western countries in the past decades. And the recent coronavirus crisis shows yet again that the use of fear in politics is not a prerogative of communist regimes only. We can observe how potent fear is, also in our democracies, as a motivator of individual behavior and extractor of conformism. The ongoing coronavirus pandemic has increased the visibility of state and corporate surveillance, yet this new reality has garnered the massive support of the wider public. In fact, it has largely been a demand on the part of a fearful citizenry, who has voluntarily complied to this new surveillance and self-surveillance model. The communist experience should warn us that surveillance leads to censorship and, even more importantly, to a change of behavior. But the current Covid situation should also lead us to reinterpret the degree of sincerity of social actors under communism: we now see that fear can lead to curtailing freedoms with the willing participation of a large part of society.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Social change – Czechoslovakia"

VORISEK, Michael. « The reform generation : 1960s' Czechoslovak sociology in a comparative perspectives ». Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/13292.

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Defence Date: 15/09/2009
Examining Board: Johan Heilbron (Erasmus University Rotterdam and CSE-CNRS); Jiri Musil (Charles University, Prague); E. Arfon Rees (University of Birmingham, former EUI); Peter Wagner (University of Trento, former EUI) (Supervisor)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
The thesis deals with the 1960s’ sociology in Czechoslovakia, rapidly launched around 1964-1965, and rapidly finished, as a discourse, with the end of the reform era in 1969/1970. The approach is that of disciplinary history, with discipline defined as a set of practices revolving around disciplinary discourse and around institutional settings for teaching, research, and professional organization. Emphasis is put on studying practices, as opposed to the idealist interpretations of science, and on comparative approach, as opposed to the idiographic one. Chapter 2 maps suppression of sociological institutions in post-WWII Soviet Europe, explaining it as a conflict of habituses between the standing ‘bourgeois’ sociologists and the Stalinists arriving to power. Chapter 3 studies debates on historical materialism and sociology in the Soviet Union, Poland, and Czechoslovakia as a practice that belonged to the process of establishing the discipline of sociology, and was a good indicator of its progress. Chapter 4 examines the possible continuity with the previous sociological tradition in Czechoslovakia, stating a pronounced discontinuity instead; Poland, Romania, and Yugoslavia serve as background cases. Chapter 5 maps the sociologists’ attitudes to a neglected research topic (ethnicity), a promoted topic (social structure), and their interaction with the Communist Party headquarters. In result, it describes sociology as a project closely related to the reform Party wing and favoring technocratic experts - like the sociologists themselves. Chapter 6 compares the postwar institutionalization of Czechoslovak sociology with twenty-three other European countries. It identifies three typical obstacles to the process, and proposes six institutionalization types in Europe. The thesis concludes by reviewing the 1960s’ Czechoslovak sociology as a project of a particular age cohort, which had entered the political and academic life in the first postwar years, and dominated the discourse until the 1968 Soviet and allied invasion.

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Livres sur le sujet "Social change – Czechoslovakia"

Pavel, Machonin, dir. Czechoslovakia, 1918-92 : Alaboratory for social change. Basingstoke : Macmillan in association with St. Antony's College, Oxford, 1996.

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Jaroslav, Krejčí. Czechoslovakia, 1918-92 : A laboratory for social change. New York : St. Martin's Press in asociation with St. Antony's College, Oxford, 1996.

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Šanderová, Jadwiga. Socialist Czechoslovakia : System error and premises for change. Praha : Sociologický ústav ČSAV, 1991.

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Modern revolution : Social change and cultural continuity in Czechoslovakia and China. Lanham, MD : University Press of America, 2004.

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Women of Prague : Ethnic diversity and social change from the eighteenth century to the present. Providence : Berghahn Books, 1995.

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Manufacturing a socialist modernity : Housing in Czechoslovakia, 1945-1960. Pittsburgh : University of Pittsburgh Press, 2011.

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1948 : Únor 1948 v Československu : nástup komunistické totality a proměny společnosti = Czechoslovakia, February 1948 : the coming of communist totalitarianism and social change. Praha : Ústav pro soudobé dějiny AV ČR, 2011.

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Krejci, Jaroslav. Social Change and Stratification in Postwar Czechoslovakia. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.

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Machonin, Pavel. Czechoslovakia, 1918-92. Palgrave Macmillan, 1998.

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Krejcí, J., et P. Machonin. Czechoslovakia, 1918-92 : A Laboratory for Social Change. Palgrave Macmillan, 1998.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Social change – Czechoslovakia"

Balcar, Jaromír, et Jaroslav Kučera. « The Works Councils in Czechoslovakia 1945–1949. Remarks on the Fate of a Social Movement in the Process of Transformation ». Dans Social Movements and the Change of Economic Elites in Europe after 1945, 113–35. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77197-7_7.

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Krejčí, Jaroslav, et Pavel Machonin. « An Overview of the Basic Social Changes ». Dans Czechoslovakia, 1918–92, 113–31. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377219_10.

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Zapletal, Josef, et Mikulas Tomin. « Attitudes of the Czechoslovakian Public towards the Police after 1989 ». Dans Social Changes, Crime and Police, 190–94. London : Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003378020-19.

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Pátek, Jaroslav. « Economic, social and political aspects of multinational interwar Czechoslovakia ». Dans Economic Change and the National Question in Twentieth-Century Europe, 248–61. Cambridge University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511497148.014.

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Kalinová, Lenka. « Conditions and Stages of Change in the Social Security System in Czechoslovakia (1945 - 1989) ». Dans Social Care under State Socialism (1945-1989), 65–78. Verlag Barbara Budrich, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvbkk1vp.8.

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Vorachek, Emil. « Left-wing spectrum of the Czechoslovak political opposition in search of new solutions. The late 1980s to early 1990s ». Dans Central and South-Eastern Europe in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries : researches and documents, 154–78. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences ; Nestor-Istoriia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2712-8342.2021.2.11.

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The chapter is devoted to the history of the formation and activity of left-wing organizations in the Czechoslovak political opposition from the late 1980s to early 1990s. Those organizations were made up of diverse ideological currents from both inside and outside the ranks of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (СPCz). Attempts to develop alternative scenarios of social, political, and socio-economic changes in the country are examined. The left-wing had difficulties adaptating to the changing conditions provided by the leader of the revolution - the Civil Forum - towards the liberal transformational model. In general, during the period examined in the chapter, the forces of the left, for various reasons, failed to realize their vision for future development.

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Turnock, Bryan. « American Independent Horror ». Dans Studying Horror Cinema, 139–58. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781911325895.003.0008.

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This chapter assesses the emergence of American independent horror, looking at George A. Romero's Night of the Living Dead (1968). By the mid-1960s, the traditional Hollywood studio system was responsible for only around 20 per cent of America's film production. The remainder came from independent film-makers and from films made outside of the United States, where labour and locations were cheaper. The 'New Wave' movements in countries such as Japan, France, Britain, and Czechoslovakia introduced new styles of film-making to American cinemagoers, who found them an attractive alternative to the classical Hollywood feature film. As such, the late 1960s saw enormous changes in American cinema, including within the horror genre. Influenced by social, political and cultural upheavals occurring in the country at the time, 1968 is often cited as the dawn of the 'modern American horror film'. The chapter considers how political and social turmoil in America led to a growing number of independent film-makers actively working against the industry establishment, taking advantage of the heavily diminished influence of the major studios, and producing films which rejected Hollywood conservatism and deliberately pushed the boundaries of acceptability.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Social change – Czechoslovakia"

Nenicka, Lubomir. « IMMIGRATION AND CHANGES OF SOCIAL POLICY IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA BEFORE SECOND WORLD WAR ». Dans SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on ANTHROPOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b31/s10.065.

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