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1
Fregonezi, Eliane Hetzel. « Adquirindo uma nova cidadania : estudo do preparo do doente mental para viver na comunidade ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22131/tde-14012011-091457/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A assistência ao doente mental deve ser fundamentalmente humanista e o profissional de saúde deve deixar de considerar apenas a doença, passando a cuidar do doente, da pessoa que está sofrendo. Além da dimensão física, a pessoa deve ser atendida também em seu componente social, psíquico e emocional. O deslocamento do doente mental do lugar onde ele é visto como incapaz, desacreditado e excluído para o lugar de inclusão social não ocorre pela simples mudança de espaço físico. É na articulação dos detalhes do cotidiano, na maneira de agir e lidar com os objetos, espaço e tempo que se imprime a particularidade no mundo compartilhado. É esta apropriação que irá ordenar para o sujeito a realidade compartilhada, possibilitando a inclusão na sociedade. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: conhecer como tem sido realizado o preparo dos pacientes institucionalizados para saírem do hospital para morarem nas residências terapêuticas; e também, conhecer como o paciente institucionalizado percebe o seu preparo para sair do hospital a fim de viver nas residências terapêuticas. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório, com uma proposta de trabalho teórico-metodológica para abordagem qualitativa. A obtenção dos dados foi centralizada em um setor denominado Vila Terapêutica do Hospital Santa Tereza de Ribeirão Preto. Participaram da pesquisa todos os profissionais da equipe multidisciplinar, que prestavam cuidados aos pacientes institucionalizados, no setor Vila Terapêutica, e que quiseram participar da pesquisa, sendo eles onze que aceitaram; e também, todos os moradores que estavam sob os cuidados da equipe multidisciplinar da equipe descrita, e que moravam na Vila Terapêutica e que aceitaram participar da pesquisa, sendo um total de seis. De acordo com a apresentação e discussão dos dados coletados, percebemos que embora o hospital tenha projetos e propostas de mudanças, ainda possui muitas características manicomiais. A estrutura não favorece a reinserção social. Não aparece a proposta de reinserção na fala dos profissionais, e sim, a noção de \"convencer\" através de visitas, os moradores a morarem em residências terapêuticas. Nota-se que quando abordado os profissionais sobre a questão de como tem sido realizado o preparo dos moradores da Vila Terapêutica para saírem do hospital para morarem nas residências, ficou muito ressaltado que realizavam visitas às moradias na cidade, porém, não deram ênfase a outros espaços sociais. É importante oportunizar mais espaços de socialização, de recuperação de potencialidades, de inclusão, (muitas vezes desprezadas), reabrindo a comunicação do morador na família e no seu ambiente social, trazendo a ele possivelmente um sentido mais significativo de existência.Assistance to the mentally ill should be fundamentally humanist and the health professional must cease to consider only the disease but take care of the sick, of the person who is suffering. Besides the physical dimension, the person must be addressed also in its social component, psychological and emotional. The transfer of the mentally ill where he is seen as incapable, discredited and excluded, to the place of social inclusion does not occur by mere change of physical space. It is the articulation of the details of daily life in the way of acting and dealing with objects, space and time that stamps the particularity in the shared world. It is this ownership that will sort to the subject the shared reality, enabling the inclusion in society. The objectives of this study were: to understand how the preparation of the institution\'s inpatients has been made to leave the hospital and go live in therapeutic homes; and also understand how the institution\'s inpatient perceives his preparation to leave the hospital and go live in therapeutic homes. This was a descriptive-exploratory study with a theoretical-methodological work for qualitative approach. The data obtained was centralized in a sector known as \"Santa Tereza Hospital\'s Therapeutic Village\" of Ribeirão Preto. Participated in the research all professionals of the multidisciplinary team that provided care for the hospital\'s inpatients at the Therapeutic Village, and who also wanted to participate, of which eleven agreed; also, all residents who were under the care of the described multidisciplinary team, and who lived in the Therapeutic Village that agreed to participate in the research, being a total of six. According to the presentation and discussion of the data collected, it was realized that although the hospital has projects and proposals for changes, it still has many characteristics of a mental institution. The structure doesn\'t favor social reintegration. On the professionals\' dialogue the proposal for reintegration doesn\'t appear, but the notion of \"convincing\" through visits, the villagers to go live in therapeutic homes. It is noticed that, when the professionals are approached on the question of how the preparation of the residents of the Therapeutic Village is performed to leave the hospital and go to live in the homes, it stood out that the visits were carried out at homes in the city, but no emphasis was given on other social locations. It is important to give the opportunity to expand socialization locations, recovery potentialities, inclusion, (often neglected), reopening the communication of the resident in the family and in his social environment, possibly bringing to him a more meaningful sense of living.
2
Leão, Adriana. « As práticas de inclusão social : o desafio para os serviços de saúde mental ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7134/tde-02102006-101737/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) são considerados dispositivos estratégicos para a mudança de modelo assistencial em saúde mental e apresentam proposições que vão ao encontro dos conceitos da Reabilitação Psicossocial, na perspectiva de promover a inclusão social das pessoas com a experiência do sofrimento psíquico. Neste contexto insere-se a temática desta pesquisa: as ações de inclusão social. Busca-se compreender como ocorrem as práticas de inclusão social voltadas para essa população, no intuito de contribuir para a avaliação deste serviço, considerado um importante avanço no processo da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira. O objeto de estudo são as representações sociais dos sujeitos sobre práticas de inclusão social realizadas pelos serviços substitutivos em saúde mental, no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Para apreender esta realidade, os objetivos delineados foram: identificar as ações desenvolvidas no CAPS que, de acordo com a equipe de saúde mental, tenham por finalidade a inclusão social das pessoas portadoras de transtornos mentais severos e persistentes; analisar a concepção de inclusão social expressa na representação social dos trabalhadores; compreender as dificuldades e as possibilidades, a fim de fomentar a inclusão social de usuários em serviços de saúde mental; e compreender a fundamentação teórico-prática que sustenta as ações de inclusão. Os conceitos norteadores deste estudo são a Reabilitação Psicossocial e a Desinstitucionalização, segundo a perspectiva da Psiquiatria Democrática Italiana, por apresentarem proposições que fundamentam as práticas de inclusão social. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada com os funcionários que compõem a equipe do CAPS da cidade de São Carlos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise do discurso, a partir da qual foi possível reconhecer as seguintes categorias empíricas: representações dos processos de inclusão e exclusão social, práticas de inclusão social e modelo assistencial. A análise dessas categorias foi realizada sob a ótica da Representação Social que, apoiada na valorização do senso comum, favorece a análise de alguns limites e potencialidades das ações de inclusão social, a partir da percepção dos profissionais. Dessa forma, foi possível compreender as concepções de inclusão social atreladas à ideologia da normalidade social; as famílias dos usuários são consideradas atores importantes no processo de inclusão, mas também são culpabilizadas pela falta de adesão ao tratamento oferecido no serviço; o trabalho é contemplado como uma dimensão importante para a inclusão, contudo, os profissionais não se consideram agentes desse processo; e algumas práticas refletem as concepções presentes no conceito de Reabilitação Psicossocial. Nesse sentido, as concepções acerca das práticas de inclusão social apresentam-se pouco claras e muitas vezes contraditórias. Apontamos para a necessidade de maior clareza do projeto institucional do CAPS.Psychosocial Attention Centers (CAPS) are considered strategic devices for the change of assistance model concerning mental health. They present proposals that involve concepts of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, aiming to promote social inclusion for people who have experienced psychological suffering. In this context, the research theme involves social inclusion actions that aim to understand how social inclusion practices for this population occur, and also to contribute to the evaluation of this service, as it is considered an important advance in the process of Brazilian Psychiatric Reform. The object of the study is social representations of the citizens on social inclusion practices performed by the substitutive services concerning mental health, in the scope of Brazilian Public Health System (SUS). Based on this situation, the study aims to: 1) identify actions developed at CAPS which, according to the team of mental health workers, may aim for the social inclusion of people with severe and persistent mental disturbances; 2) analyze the conception of social inclusion expressed through workers social representation; 3) understand the difficulties and possibilities in order to promote social inclusion for the users of mental health services;4) understand the theoretical-practical basis that supports inclusion actions. The guiding concepts of this study are Psychosocial Rehabilitation and De-institutionalization, according to the perspective of Italian Democratic Psychiatry, since these concepts present proposals that support social inclusion practices. The data was collected from semi-structured interviews with the employees who compose the work team at CAPS in the city of Sao Carlos. The data have been submitted to discourse analysis in order to make it possible to recognize the following empirical categories: representations of inclusion and social exclusion processes, social inclusion practice, and the assistance model. The analysis of these categories was done by the Social Representation optics, a method that, supported by common sense, favors the analysis of some limits and potentialities of social inclusion actions, beginning from the professionals perception. In this way, it was possible to understand the conceptions of social inclusion related to the ideology of social normality. The families of the users are considered important characters in the inclusion process, but they are also responsible for the lack of adhesion to the treatment offered by the service. Work is considered an important dimension for the inclusion; however, professionals do not consider themselves as agents of this process. Some practices reflect the ideas present in the concept of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. In this sense, the concepts concerning social inclusion practices are not very clear and are often contradictory. Based on these results, this study suggests the necessity of more clarity concerning the institutional project of CAPS.
3
Alves, Hélio Gustavo. « A relação jurídica da habilitação e reabilitação profissional no direito positivo : responsabilidade do empregador ou da Previdência Social ? » Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6060.
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Previous issue date: 2012-11-28This paper aims at tracing the connection between sickness-assistance and disability retirement with the provision pension and rehabilitation and the professional qualification. The goal is to show that if there was a program of rehabilitation and professional habilitation and if it were applied to the policyholders apart for disability, besides these ones have a chance of qualifying to another profession, the INSS would no longer afford the benefits and raise again with social contributions by the policyholders return to work, as well as rescuing the principle of human dignity for the worker being rehabilitated and professionally qualified. Therefore, the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs and professional qualification would make INSS to have great savings for failing to pay benefits, and also to start receiving social security contributions, and mainly, would guarantee the policyholders the right to return to working life, preserving, as a consequence, their human dignity
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo traçar a ligação entre o auxílio-doença e a aposentadoria por invalidez com a prestação previdenciária reabilitação e a habilitação profissional. Tem-se como meta demonstrar que se existisse o programa de reabilitação e habilitação profissional e se o mesmo fosse aplicado aos segurados afastados por incapacidade, além destes terem a chance da qualificação para outra profissão, o INSS deixaria de bancar os benefícios e voltaria a arrecadar com as contribuições sociais pelo retorno do segurado ao trabalho, bem como, resgataria o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana por ter sido o trabalhador reabilitado e habilitado profissionalmente. Portando, a eficácia do programa de reabilitação e habilitação profissional faria com que o INSS tivesse uma grande economia por deixar de pagar os benefícios e, ainda, por passar a receber as contribuições sociais e, principalmente, se garantiria ao segurado o direito de volta à vida laboral, preservando-se, como consequência, sua dignidade humana
4
Jurczyk, Michael Ulrich. « Shape based stereovision assistance in rehabilitation robotics ». [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001084.
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BRESSAN, NOEMI. « ADELE BONOLIS. LA FORMAZIONE, LA SPIRITUALITA', LE OPERE ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/119449.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La tesi di dottorato è dedicata alla figura di Adele Bonolis (Milano 14 agosto 1909 – 11 agosto 1980), della quale ricostruisce criticamente la formazione, la spiritualità e le opere sociali a cui diede vita nella seconda metà del Novecento. Nel quadro delle vicende del cattolicesimo ambrosiano e delle molteplici realtà assistenziali che hanno caratterizzato Milano nel secolo scorso, il lavoro analizza la formazione religiosa e culturale di Adele Bonolis, maturata nell’esperienza dell’Azione cattolica e presso l’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. Si considerano quindi il progetto di fondazione delle Aralde dell’Amore, una comunità di donne consacrate nel mondo, e l’attività di insegnamento condotta a partire dagli anni universitari. La ricerca prende poi in esame le opere avviate dalla Bonolis rivolte a situazioni di particolare fragilità soprattutto femminile, nel campo della prostituzione, del carcere e del disagio psichico, considerando il dibattito politico e culturale dell’epoca e mettendo in luce l’originale metodo rieducativo adottato. Viene infine studiata l’Associazione Amicizia, fondata dalla Bonolis negli anni Sessanta e dedita al sostegno delle sue iniziative. È stato così possibile evidenziare l’originalità delle risposte di Adele Bonolis a importanti problemi del suo tempo, in rapporto al percorso spirituale e culturale che ne aveva segnato l’esistenza.This dissertation focuses on Adele Bonolis (Milan, August 14th, 1909 – August 11th, 1980). It critically reconstructs her formation and spirituality, and the social welfare work that she initiated in the second half of the twentieth century. In the context of Milanese Catholicism’s events and Milan’s welfare system in the last century, the dissertation analyzes the religious and cultural formation that Adele Bonolis gained through her experience within the Catholic Action and at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. The dissertation considers the foundation project of the Aralde dell’Amore – a consecrated community of women in the world – and the teaching activity that she conducted starting from her university years. Subsequently, the dissertation examines her social welfare work aimed at particularly fragile situations, especially for women, in the fields of prostitution, prison, and mental illness. Thus, the work takes into account the political and cultural debate of the time and highlights the rehabilitation method she adopted. Lastly, the dissertation studies the Associazione Amicizia that Bonolis founded in the Sixties and dedicated to support her initiatives. The outcome highlights the originality of Adele Bonolis’ answers to outstanding problems of her time in relation to the spiritual and cultural path that marked her existence.
6
Gudipati, Radhika. « GENTLE/A : adaptive robotic assistance for upper-limb rehabilitation ». Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/13895.
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Advanced devices that can assist the therapists to offer rehabilitation are in high demand with the growing rehabilitation needs. The primary requirement from such rehabilitative devices is to reduce the therapist monitoring time. If the training device can autonomously adapt to the performance of the user, it can make the rehabilitation partly self-manageable. Therefore the main goal of our research is to investigate how to make a rehabilitation system more adaptable. The strategy we followed to augment the adaptability of the GENTLE/A robotic system was to (i) identify the parameters that inform about the contribution of the user/robot during a human-robot interaction session and (ii) use these parameters as performance indicators to adapt the system. Three main studies were conducted with healthy participants during the course of this PhD. The first study identified that the difference between the position coordinates recorded by the robot and the reference trajectory position coordinates indicated the leading/lagging status of the user with respect to the robot. Using the leadlag model we proposed two strategies to enhance the adaptability of the system. The first adaptability strategy tuned the performance time to suit the user’s requirements (second study). The second adaptability strategy tuned the task difficulty level based on the user’s leading or lagging status (third study). In summary the research undertaken during this PhD successfully enhanced the adaptability of the GENTLE/A system. The adaptability strategies evaluated were designed to suit various stages of recovery. Apart from potential use for remote assessment of patients, the work presented in this thesis is applicable in many areas of human-robot interaction research where a robot and human are involved in physical interaction.
7
Chauhan, Raghuraj Jitendra. « Towards Naturalistic Exoskeleton Glove Control for Rehabilitation and Assistance ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104113.
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This thesis presents both a control scheme for naturalistic control of an exoskeleton glove and a glove design. Exoskeleton development has been focused primarily on design, improving soft actuator and cable-driven systems, with only limited focus on intelligent control. There is a need for control that is not limited to position or force reference signals and is user-driven. By implementing a motion amplification controller to increase weak movements of an impaired individual, a finger joint trajectory can be observed and used to predict their grasping intention. The motion amplification functions off of a virtual dynamical system that safely enforces the range of motion of the finger joints and ensures stability. Three grasp prediction algorithms are developed with improved levels of accuracy: regression, trajectory, and deep learning based. These algorithms were tested on published finger joint trajectories. The fusion of the amplification and prediction could be used to achieve naturalistic, user-guided control of an exoskeleton glove. The key to accomplishing this is series elastic actuators to move the finger joints, thereby allowing the wearer to deflect against the glove and inform the controller of their intention. These actuators are used to move the fingers in a nine degree of freedom exoskeleton that is capable of achieving all the grasps used most frequently in daily life. The controllers and exoskeleton presented here are the basis for improved exoskeleton glove control that can be used to assist or rehabilitate impaired individuals.Master of Science
Millions of Americans report difficulty holding small or even lightweight objects. In many of these cases, their difficulty stems from a condition such as a stroke or arthritis, requiring either rehabilitation or assistance. For both treatments, exoskeleton gloves are a potential solution; however, widespread deployment of exoskeletons in the treatment of hand conditions requires significant advancement. Towards that end, the research community has devoted itself to improving the design of exoskeletons. Systems that use soft actuation or are driven by artificial tendons have merit in that they are comfortable to the wearer, but lack the rigidity required for monitoring the state of the hand and controlling it. Electromyography sensors are also a commonly explored technology for determining motion intention; however, only primitive conclusions can be drawn when using these sensors on the muscles that control the human hand. This thesis proposes a system that does not rely on soft actuation but rather a deflectable exoskeleton that can be used in rehabilitation or assistance. By using series elastic actuators to move the exoskeleton, the wearer of the glove can exert their influence over the machine. Additionally, more intelligent control is needed in the exoskeleton. The approach taken here is twofold. First, a motion amplification controller increases the finger movements of the wearer. Second, the amplified motion is processed using machine learning algorithms to predict what type of grasp the user is attempting. The controller would then be able to fuse the two, the amplification and prediction, to control the glove naturalistically.
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LOTTI, NICOLA. « Model-based myoelectric control of robots for assistance and rehabilitation ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1011061.
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The first anthropomorphic robots and exoskeletons were developed with the idea of combining man and machine into an intimate symbiotic unit that can perform as one joint system. A human-robot interface consists of processes of two different nature: (1) the physical interaction (pHRI) between the device and its user and (2) the exchange of cognitive information (cHRI) between the human and the robot. To achieve the symbiosis between the two actors, both need to be optimized.
The evolution of mechanical design and the introduction of new materials pushed pHRI to new frontiers on ergonomics and assistance performance.
However, cHRI still lacks on this direction because is more complicated: it requires communication from the cognitive processes occuring in the human agent to the robot, e.g. intention detection; but also from the robot to the human agent, e.g. feedback modalities such as haptic cues.
A possible innovation is the inclusion of the electromyographic signal, the command signal from our brain to the musculoskeletal system for the movement, in the robot control loop.
The aim of this thesis was to develop a real-time control framework for an assistive device that can generate the same force produced by the muscles. To do this, I incorporated in the robot control loop a detailed musculoskeletal model that estimates the net torque at the joint level by taking as inputs the electromyography signals and kinematic data. This module is called myoprocessor.
Here I present two applications of this control approach: the first was implemented on a soft wearable arm exosuit in order to evaluate the adaptation of the controller on different motion and loads. The second one, was a generation of myoprocessor-driven force field on a planar robot manipulandum in order to study the modularity changes of the musculoskeletal system.
Both applications showed that the device controlled by myoprocessor works symbiotically with the user, by reducing the muscular activity and preserving the motor performance.
The ability of seamlessly combining musculoskeletal force estimators with assistive devices opens new avenues for assisting human movement both in healthy and impaired individuals.
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Wampler, James R. « An Analysis of Student Assistance Program Characteristics and Activities in Selected Illinois Schools ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37673.
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The main purpose of this study was to survey the participants, directors, and the coordinators that are associated with the SAP. The survey was done in order to determine opinions concerning the factors, procedures, standards, and guidelines for this program. Whether they are adequate, in order, complete enough and properly fitting, are questions to be reviewed in this document. They hopefully will verify items that are proper, thorough, and complete. They may accentuate procedures and factors that are illuminative, that highlight the points of the programs that are successfully aiding students. The need and interest in continuing educational programs is pointed out. It is pleasing to find the large number of participants desiring continuing education. Notably, as the drug scene is constantly changing, mental health needs detection and help is another point that is continually evolving. This document is to review the Landscape Questionnaire and relate to its validity, and appropriateness; bearing in mind the strong point of strict confidentiality in respect of the students. The need for compensated education of the involved principles would further involvement, with perhaps more guidance counseling principles involved, as a lot of these basics are ingrained. The Questionnaire is divided into 6 general functional sections for purposes of simplification of discussion, and that pattern followed throughout.Ed. D.
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Apaydin, Aydin. « Social Assistance As A Poverty Alleviation Strategy ». Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613862/index.pdf.
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Through the globalization of economy, alleviating poverty has become one of the pivotal issues within social policy arrangement agendas for many countries all over the world. One of the primary and rifest instruments of the alleviation process is social assistance programs. It is an apodictic fact that the proportion of social assistance disbursements within general budgets of the states have been gradually increasing during the recent years. This situation is also true for Turkey. In this context, to what extent citizens steer away from poverty as the result of all these assistances and to what extent social assistance programs are effective on reproduction of poverty becomes a major question. . The basic objective of this study is to search for and understand the impact of social assistances provided by the state in Turkey on behalf of reducing the poverty conditions of the beneficiaries. The study is based upon a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with beneficiaries of Altindag Social Assistance and Solidarity Foundation in Ankara, Turkey.
As a result of the study, it is observed that even though distributed assistances are found insufficient by beneficiaries, they have some significant impacts on reduction of poverty. It is understood that the distribution process itself reveals some key problems of the social assistance program of the state such as inefficient defition of poverty and the poor and creating a feeling of dependency for the beneficiaries. The socio-economic factors creating poverty of the beneficiaries are not well defined in Turkey. . In line with this finding one striking inference is that the assistances may
cause a kind of culture of poverty for a group of beneficiaries. Besides, assistance may have more impact on women&rsquos poverty as the women beneficiaries have a higher tendency to identify social assistance as a vital part of their survival while men beneficiaries identify social assistance as support to family. In terms of cash and /or goods transfers the beneficiaries identified transfers of coal, food and cash as very effective and essential for their survival, though the amount especially of cash transfers was less than required. All in all, as a concrete policy suggestion social assistance programs in both cash and in goods are effective for the reduction of poverty of the poor groups however it is not a total solution to create a take-off effect for the beneficiaries out of their poverty condition. The thesis suggests that social assistance programs should be improved in terms of accessibility and defition of poverty and the poor.
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Stewart, Jennifer M. « Three essays on unemployment and social assistance ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0028/NQ51015.pdf.
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Stewart, Jennifer M. « Three essays on unemployment and social assistance / ». *McMaster only, 1998.
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Jung, In-Young. « Social assistance in Korea in comparative perspective ». Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11005/.
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Konigs, Sebastian. « The dynamics of social assistance benefit receipt ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c8b4b576-eece-46f8-a3ea-d6b368b2f59f.
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This dissertation consists of three articles on social assistance benefit receipt dynamics in European countries. The first article presents an analysis of state dependence in benefit receipt in Germany based on annual survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel. The observation period extends from 1995 to 2011, thus covering the 2005 'Hartz reforms'. I estimate a series of dynamic random-effects probit models to control for observed and unobserved heterogeneity and the endogeneity of initial conditions. The high observed state dependence has a substantial structural component, with benefit receipt one year ago being associated with an increase in the likelihood of receipt today by 13 percentage points. There is only little evidence for time-variation in state dependence. The second article presents evidence on spell durations and the frequency of repeat spells using monthly administrative data from Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. In the two Nordic countries, short-term benefit receipt is the norm, with only around 6% and 11% of spells in Norway and Sweden lasting longer than 12 months. Most recipients however have multiple spells. In Luxembourg and the Netherlands, long-term benefit receipt is frequent, with median spell durations of 14 and 9 months, respectively, and one-third and one-quarter of all spells lasting 24 months or longer. The total duration of benefit receipt across spells is much higher in the Netherlands and Luxembourg than in Norway and Sweden. The third article tests the validity of one of the central assumptions of dynamic discrete-choice models of benefit dynamics, the conditional Markov property. Using monthly administrative data from Norway, the article shows that the Markov property is violated as estimated state dependence is affected by the chosen time unit of analysis. The standard model can be improved by permitting for different entry and persistence equations and duration and occurrence dependence in benefit receipt.
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Birchwood, Lucy Ann. « Rehabilitation of older people in the Lodge Rehabilitation Unit : a case study ». Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2015. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/rehabilitation-of-older-people-in-the-lodge-rehabilitation-unit(bc69c000-d1d1-47ca-8e0c-f408c2cd6b64).html.
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The growing numbers of older people in the UK has resulted in increased demand on existing and prospective health and social care services (Gray, A and Birrell, D 2013, p. 6). Intermediate care for older people has been an important aspect of a wide range of policy developments in the UK, developing from an awareness that hospital admission or a prolonged hospital stay is not necessarily an appropriate or effective intervention for older people (Glasby and Littlechild, 2000, p.110, Parker, 2005, p.9). Contemporary intermediate care policy and practice has developed within the context of research into the issues which impact on the outcomes for older people, including the concepts of caring (Fine, 2012), gender and caring (Clarke and Bennett, 2013) dependency (Fine and Glendinning, 2005), resilience (Netuveli, Wiggins, Montgomery, Hildon, Blane, 2008) and motivation (Shafizadeh, 2007). However, there is a paucity of evidence about the effectiveness or impact of intermediate care units in the UK (Roe and Beech, 2005, p. 62); most research focuses on the impact of NHS services and on disease specific services. This research provides an original contribution to knowledge by exploring the impact of the Lodge, a small intermediate care unit, managed by social services in a unitary authority on the south coast of England. Previous research on intermediate care has focused overwhelmingly on NHS provisions or disease specific rehabilitation. This research is original in exploring both the outcomes of rehabilitation and the voices of older people admitted to the Lodge. The effectiveness of the Lodge was measured by comparing the Barthel scores of residents both pre and post the rehabilitation intervention; as well as whether a resident is discharged to the community as opposed to residential or hospital care. Eleven participants were interviewed using a narrative approach to explore older people’s perspectives of rehabilitation and motivation. From the results, the Lodge was effective in improving the Barthel scores of older people and in facilitating their discharge to the community. Older people were generally positive about the intervention but they were not always clear about the process of admission; nor did the older people appear to have a sense of their goals within the Lodge. Instead, their motivation to return home appeared to be based on the quality and interdependence of the relationships with their family as well as their formal and informal carers.
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Klein, Hal. « The experience of unemployment of social assistance recipients ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28252.
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An exploratory study was conducted to discover significant events and the feelings attached to these events during the experience of unemployment of social assistance recipients. Twenty social assistance recipients were interviewed. The subjects ranged in age from 25 to 44 and there were 11 females and 9 males. The phenomenological/critical incident methodology adapted by Borgen and Amundson (1984) was used. It was found that this group had an unemployment experience that could be best described as a "flat" experience with relatively few highs and a continual, pervasive string of lows. The most prominent critical incident was financial pressures and this factor seemed to dominate the experience of the great majority of respondents. Their experience was characterized by a continual struggle to financially meet survival needs, pessimism around job search, low self esteem and a battery of negative feelings around being on welfare. The results of this study will hopefully assist counsellors in understanding the experience of unemployment of social assistance recipients and lead to more effective therapeutic interventions for this population.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Stark, Alan. « The growth of social assistance receipt in Canada ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0020/NQ56626.pdf.
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Han, Kilsoo. « Professionalitetens gränser : Socialsekreterares erfarenheter av unga vuxna klienter med komplexa behov inom socialtjänst–ekonomiskt bistånd ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Centrum för socialt arbete - CESAR, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-422371.
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This study explores the experiences of the Swedish front-line social workers (socialsekreterare) in the municipal income support unit, Young Adults, monthly assessing the income support applications as well as daily processing the activation programs for young adult clients with mental ill-health combined with social-medicinal vulnerabilities, also referred to as young adults with complex needs. Furthermore, this study aims to illuminate the ever changing conditions of the Swedish welfare state and its underlying driving forces through the lens of the social workers. 9 Semi-structured distance interviews with 11 social workers from 6 municipalities belonging to 5 regions in Sweden, were conducted for the collection of qualitative data. It has been analyzed by the inductive-deductive coding as well as a theoretical frame consisting of concepts such as discretiona and advocacy of M. Lipsky, and reciprocal interaction (Wechselwirkung), form and contents, and call of G.Simmel. The result and analysis show that the rehabilitative approach based on the interactions and relations with the clients, is prevalent through the social workers’ processing of the activation program. It seems to be effective in a dyad, between the social workers and the client while the social workers’ discretion is maximized for the utilization of the agency (unit) activation resources. However, it proved not to be as effective in a triad or more when an extern agent outside of the unit, Young Adults begins to be involved. The tension is a fact and the social workers’ discretion is minimized when they have to process the activation program for the clients who are neither “active enough” to have a job in the ordinary labor market, nor “sick enough” to be eligible for the stately activity compensation (aktivitetsersättning) from the Social Insurance Agency (Försäkringskassan) which heavily relies on the medicinal expertise for its decision making. The social workers’ experience to fail to deliver the best possible results out of the activation programs, and the client relationship built on the rehabilitative approach turns out to be unsustainable, which can indicate the discrepancy between the rehabilitative approach as well as the activation programs, as content, and the unit, Young Adults, as form. Even though the social workers daily carry the ideological as well as the social-political tensions between the medicalization and the activation through the ever changing reality of the Swedish welfare state, their mandate to make an impact on the decision making of the activity compensation program, is rather limited, reflecting the Swedish welfare state’s expectation for the professionalism of the social workers. Rather striking that the social workers, however, confess that they in spite of the pressure of organizational efficiency as well as socio-economic discourse of digitalization undermining the concept of the unit, Young Adults, are not willing to give up the rehabilitative approach for the client’s sake but also to protect their unit, Young Adults, which postulate that they are not the gatekeepers in the agency but the advocate for the clients. In this moment, they also seem to know, and even have the call, the essential, if not mandatory, element needed to be landed in the perfect society of G. Simmel.
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Wolff, Jodi Michele. « The Intersection of Personal Assistance Services and Transition Outcomes in Neuromuscular Disease ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/347241.
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Striking disparities exist in higher education and employment rates between young adults with disabilities and their non-disabled peers. This qualitative study examined the lived experiences of nine young adults ages 24-35 with neuromuscular disease and how their use of personal assistance services (PAS) impacted their pursuit of higher education and employment. Participants overall had positive college experiences and reported the easiest time coordinating PAS was during college. Families of participants expected college attendance, but the lack of experience with PAS prior to college impacted higher education; the need for PAS influenced choice of college. Participants used consumer-driven and agency based models, experienced great stress coordinating PAS, experienced low quality and high turnover of staff, were restricted in their ability to be spontaneous, and at times limited their needs to avoid asking for assistance. A significant amount of informal caregiving from family and friends was used to support higher education and employment. Participants speculated that societal stereotypes and low expectations of people with disabilities contribute to low rates of employment and higher education, and reported negative interactions with vocational rehabilitation counselors. Eligibility criteria for federal and state PAS programs limited income and created work disincentives, were complex to understand and navigate, and discouraged both advancement in their careers and the willingness to pursue advanced degrees. Young adults with neuromuscular disease are willing, wanting, and capable to participate in higher education and gainful employment and could not do so without access to reliable quality PAS. Efforts to prepare families and youth to fund and coordinate PAS, eliminate work disincentives, and coordinate transition planning between multiple support agencies could help break the cycle of poverty in the disability community and encourage employment.
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小高淑江 et Yoshie Kotaka. « Rehabilitation : the social responsibility of a place ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31986523.
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Kotaka, Yoshie. « Rehabilitation : the social responsibility of a place / ». Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2595488x.
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Luhmann, Ole. « Development of a Novel Hand Exoskeleton for the Rehabilitation and Assistance of Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome Patients ». Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281248.
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Hand exoskeletons are wearable robotic devices which are used to compensate for impaired handmovements in patientswith impaired upper-limbs. These devices can either help patients to grasp objects for a therapeutic purpose or to performactivities of daily living. This Thesis describes the development of a novel hand exoskeleton, with a focus on the user, based on the product development methodology "the V-Model". Therefore, user needs are identified through interviews and a thorough literature review. Three potential concepts are developed and sub-sequential a concept is selected based on a logical decision process. A mathematical model of the selected concept is generated and then used for dimensioning the hand exoskeleton. Moreover, three variants of the hand exoskeleton are built as prototypes. Finally, the variants of the device are tested on a bench top. The result of the development process is a novel hand exoskeleton for the rehabilitation of upper motor neuron syndrome patients. Force and range of motion tests revealed, that a design with a higher level of underactuation is favourable. The design presented in this thesis does not reach the defined range of motion and force augmentation. However, the defined target values are the results of a conservative approach, thus are a challenge to reach. The augmented closing force and range of motion surpass other state of the art hand exoskeletons. Nevertheless, the augmented opening force under-performs in comparison with other designs. Decisively, a validation with users is needed for a usability assessment.Exoskelett för händer är robotiska hjälpmedel som kan användas för att kompensera nedsatt muskelstyrka och rörlighet hos patienter med nedsatt muskelfunktion i armarna. Dessa hjälpmedel kan hjälpa patienter att greppa föremål i ett terapeutiskt syfte eller för att utföra vardagliga sysslor. Examensarbetet beskriver utvecklingsarbetet av ett nytt exoskelett med fokus på användaren genom att tillämpa produktutvecklingsmotodikens V-modell. Användarens krav och behov identifieras genom intervjuer och en gedigen litteraturstudie. Tre koncept utvecklas och ett vidareutvecklat koncept väljs slutligen baserat på en logisk beslutsprocess. En matematisk modell genereras och används för att dimensionera exoskelettet. Dessutom tillverkas tre prototyper av exoskelettet i olika utföranden för att slutligen utvärderas i en testrigg. Resultatet av utvecklingsprocessen är ett nytt handexoskelett ämnat för rehabilitering av patienter med övre motorneuronsjukdom. Tester som genomfördes för att mäta Kraft och rörlighet visade att en design med en högre grad av underaktuering är gynnsamt. Designen som presenteras här når inte upp till de krav som ställs på kraft och rörlighet, de målvärden som definieras är dock baserade på ett konservativt synsätt och är därmed svåra att uppnå. Exoskelettet producerar en högre stängningskraft och uppvisar bättre rörlighet än andra toppmoderna exoskelett. Exoskelettet underpresterar dock vad gäller den producerade öppningskraften jämfört med andra modeller och designen behöver valideras hos användarna för att användarbarheten ska kunna bestämmas.
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Xiao, Meng. « An analysis of social assistance dynamics in Beijing, China ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43925777.
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Fainer, Andrew. « Social assistance, equality, and section 15 of the Charter ». Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6483.
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Prior to 1982 the Parliament of Canada and the legislatures of the provinces were the sovereign powers within their respective constitutional areas of legislative jurisdiction. In 1982, with the passage by the British Parliament of the Canada Act 1982, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (hereinafter referred to as the "Charter") became part of the "supreme law of Canada". This thesis is composed of three distinct parts. The first part provides an overview of the Ontario social assistance system in its current state of transition. The second part consists of a response to the essential question of equality: what is the worth of a human being? A response to this question is sought within the framework of Western traditions. Based mostly upon a review of the literature and an analysis of the section 15 jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Canada the third part consists of an evaluation of the likelihood of the courts interpreting section 15 of the Charter with regard to cases involving the social assistance system in a manner that is consistent with the conception of human worth and dignity developed in the first two parts of the thesis. It is proposed that the idea of equality requires a social assistance system to recognize the satisfaction of need which is outside the control of the individual, with need being understood to comprise the element of social participation, to be its goal and guiding principle. The underlying basis to this proposition is that equality is essentially a demand upon the human capacity to empathize. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Xiao, Meng, et 肖萌. « An analysis of social assistance dynamics in Beijing, China ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43925777.
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Conley, Anna. « A comparative law analysis of U.S. judicial assistance ». Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18431.
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This thesis analyzes 28 U.S.C. §1782 from a comparative point of view, and highlights the problems with the statute that become quite apparent when comparing the statute with its common law counterparts. I have chosen England and Canada as comparative jurisdictions because they are common law jurisdictions with at least some pre-trial discovery, judicial assistance statutes, and developed caselaw regarding these issues. The main deficiencies of §1782 that a comparative analysis brings to light are its anti-comity implications, its unfairness to U.S. defendants, and its refusal to acknowledge worldwide distaste toward U.S. style discovery. A simple solution to §1782's current problems would be to allow only foreign courts and tribunals to request judicial assistance, as opposed to any interested person.La présente thèse adopte une approche comparative à la fois pour analyser l'article 1782 de l'U.S.C. 28 et pour souligner les problèmes qui surviennent lorsque cette loi est comparée à ses pendants des pays régis par la common law. Le Canada et l'Angleterre se sont imposés en tant que pays comparables puisque ces derniers sont régis par la common law, procèdent à des enquêtes préalables, disposent de lois sur l'entraide judiciaire et d'une jurisprudence détaillée faisant état des problèmes qui y sont liés. Aussi, l'emploi d'une méthode comparative a permis de révéler les principales lacunes de l'article 1782, soit ses conséquences néfastes sur la courtoisie entre tribunaux, son injustice à l'égard des inculpés américains et son refus de reconnaître le malaise éprouvé mondialement envers les techniques employées par les États-Unis pour recueillir des éléments de preuve. Par ailleurs, une solution simple aux problèmes actuels de l'article 1782 consisterait à permettre uniquement aux cours et aux tribunaux étrangers de réclamer l'entraide judiciaire, plutôt que de le permettre à toute personne intéressée.
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LEAO, REGINA COELI CALIL LUSTOZA. « REORDERING OR DISASSEMBLE ? : A STUDY OF LEGAL MARCOS SOCIAL ASSISTANCE IN SOCIAL-PRIVATE NETWORK THAT MAKE UP THE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF SOCIAL ASSISTANCE OF RIO DE JANEIRO ». PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=27040@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROEsta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar o processo de reordenamento das entidades da Rede Socioassistencial privada, que integram o Conselho Municipal de Assistência Social do Rio de Janeiro (CMAS/RJ), frente aos Marcos Legais de operacionalização da Política Nacional de Assistência Social (PNAS), no período de 2013-2015. Desde 2004, a Assistência Social vem definindo um conjunto de reformulações significativas, sejam elas políticas, e/ou normativas e estruturais de execução e gestão, que caracterizam o processo de reordenamento institucional, demarcando uma trajetória pautada em permanências e rupturas, caracterizadoras de transições históricas que vão da caridade ao direito social. O percurso metodológico envolve pesquisa documental, relativas às deliberações das normativas de inscrição e regularização das entidades de assistência social, serviços, programas e projetos; pesquisa qualitativa e entrevistas semiestruturadas, junto a Conselheiros da rede socioassistencial privada do CMAS/RJ. Destaca-se também a observação participante no acompanhamento das reuniões do CMAS/RJ; bem como, através do assessoramento realizado com as 29 entidades filantrópicas. A abordagem permite concluir que apesar da importância em adequar as ações institucionais aos marcos legais, temos um Estado que ora considera estas entidades como fundamentais na execução da política pública, ora concorre com elas, na busca de financiamento privado. Neste sentido, procuramos demonstrar a existência de dificuldades do Estado na condução e execução da política pública, assim como das entidades socioassistenciais em relação ao seu papel complementar de execução; falta maior interlocução entre ambos para garantir a efetivação da política de assistência social, enquanto direito social. Em relação ao CMAS/RJ, verifica-se baixa discursão política quanto ao seu papel neste processo, prevalecendo uma adequação burocrática na efetivação desses marcos legais.
This thesis aims to analyze the reorganization process of the entities of private social assistance network, comprising the Municipal Council of Social Welfare of Rio de Janeiro (CMAS / RJ), compared to the Legal Frameworks of operation of the National Social Assistance Policy (PNAS) in the period 2013-2015. Since 2004, the Social Assistance has defined a set of significant reformulations, whether political, and / or regulatory and structural implementation and management, which characterize the process of institutional reorganization, marking a path guided by continuities and ruptures, characterizing historical transitions ranging from charity to social rights. The methodological approach involves documentary research relating to the deliberations of the registration regulations and regularization of social assistance entities, services, programs and projects; qualitative research and semi-structured interviews with the directors of private social-network CMAS / RJ. Also noteworthy participant observation in monitoring the meetings of the CMAS / RJ; as well as through advisory services offered to the 29 charities. The approach shows that despite the importance of adequate institutional actions to the legal framework, we have a state that now considers these entities as fundamental in the implementation of public policy, sometimes competing with them in the search for private financing. In this sense, we seek to demonstrate the existence of State difficulties in conducting and execution of public policy and the social assistance entities in relation to its complementary role of enforcement; lack greater dialogue between them to ensure the effectiveness of social welfare policy, as a social right. Regarding the CMAS / RJ, there is low political increasing discussion about their role in this process, prevailing bureaucratic adequacy in terms of these legal frameworks.
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Chiachio, Neiri Bruno. « A construção dos serviços de assistência social como política social pública ». Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17521.
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Previous issue date: 2011-06-27The present thesis studies the state regulation for social assistance services designed to people who need the protection of Social Assistance Services to be considered as rights reserved to citizens to Social Security under the Social Welfare and Health policies as established by the Brazilian Constitution. As a duty of the State, the Social Assistance Policy takes charge of offering the answers to certain social needs, to guarantee benefits and public service, in direct administration of the Public Power or through the participation of non-profitable private organizations. The study deals with the configuration and regulation of social assistance services and the way they were established up to present days in the Brazilian society. The study also investigates how services are introduced and how relationship between public and private sectors is developed when offering these services to two metropolis of the city of Sao Paulo. The study is searching to rescue the debate related to the theme and situates its critical points and also promote the discussion aiming the composition of networking services integrated to the Public Social Policy to guarantee social security and extension of citizenship in Brazil
A presente tese estuda a regulação estatal dos serviços socioassistenciais dirigidos aos cidadãos que necessitam de proteção social de Assistência Social, a serem prestados como direito do cidadão à Seguridade Social, junto às políticas de Saúde e Previdência Social, conforme estabelece a Constituição Brasileira. Como dever de Estado, a Política de Assistência Social se encarrega de ofertar respostas a determinadas necessidades sociais, assegurando prestações nas modalidades de benefícios e serviços públicos, em gestão direta do Poder Público, ou pela ação compartilhada com organizações privadas, sem fins lucrativos. O estudo aborda as formas como os serviços de assistência social foram constituídos na sociedade brasileira e a sua configuração e regulamentações até os dias atuais. Investiga como se apresentam e que formas de relação se desenvolvem entre o setor público e privado na prestação desses serviços em duas metrópoles paulistas. Busca resgatar o debate relativo ao tema, situar seus pontos críticos e inserir a discussão na perspectiva da composição dos serviços em rede integrante da Política Social Pública, para a garantia de seguranças sociais e a extensão da cidadania no Brasil
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Yu, Wentao. « Intelligent telerobotic assistance for enhancing manipulation capabilities of persons with disabilities ». [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000479.
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Ellis, Elaine. « Transforming rehabilitation : probation practitioners negotiating change ». Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/111710/.
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The focus of this research is probation practitioner reaction and adaptation to change. Previous studies have shown probation core values to be resilient, practitioners managing to react and adapt to change whilst remaining committed to traditional humanistic values. However, predictions emerging as the latest programme of change, brought about by ‘Transforming Rehabilitation: A Strategy for Reform’ suggest these changes could result in the end of probation as it had come to be known. This research is a case study of Durham Tees Valley Community Rehabilitation Company the only not for profit Community Rehabilitation Company in England and Wales. The study follows a cohort of practitioners through the first 15 months of implementing a new operating model. The research argues that in some ways the flexibility afforded by Transforming Rehabilitation allowed practitioners to regain professional discretion and work in ways that reflected probation’s original purpose and values. However, it is also argued that this flexibility came at the cost of fragmentation of the service and a subsequent loss of trust within and between different parts of the service. The mixed methods case study design allowed for in-depth exploration and tracking of a cohort of practitioners as they negotiated the process of change. Analysis and interpretation of the data revealed significantly different practitioner reactions to the changes, dependent mainly on the length of time practitioners had worked in probation and to a lesser extent on their level of qualification. Practitioners appeared to move through the process of adaptation at different rates, with qualified probation officers, trained during the height of national standards appearing to find the process of change most difficult. The thesis concludes by critically evaluating earlier predictions for the future of probation in light of these findings and information emerging about other Community Rehabilitation Companies.
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Swiss, Liam. « Developing consensus : the globalisation of development assistance policies ». Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32545.
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This dissertation explains the increasingly homogenous institutional and policy framework of Official Development Assistance. Whereas multilateral actors like the World Bank or the issue of civil society involvement in development have been substantially researched and discussed, less attention has been paid to the institutions of bilateral donor agencies and the processes by which they arrive at common policy positions. It is of great importance to better understand how donors arrive at these consensus policy positions, essentially limiting development possibilities worldwide. Engaged with the literatures on world polity theory, development assistance, and social movements, this dissertation examines the social processes which explain this growing uniformity among major bilateral development assistance donor agencies. This research adopts a mixed-methods approach of both quantitative and qualitative methods to illustrate the working of world polity influences on nation-state donor agencies. Event history analysis techniques at the macro level are used to show the influence of world society on donor states, then the relationships identified in this quantitative analysis are used to frame two in-depth qualitative case studies on gender and security policy among three countries, Canada, Sweden, and the United States. My results show that despite different national contexts, there are common social processes and mechanisms of globalisation that promote conformity and isomorphism among donor countries. Five primary social processes are identified: (1) internalisation and certification; (2) donor agency embeddedness with civil society; (3) bureaucratic activism; (4) catalytL'objet de cette thèse est d'expliquer les raisons pour lesquelles le cadre politique et institutionnel de l'aide publique au développement devient de plus en plus homogène. Si les organismes multilatéraux (comme la Banque mondiale) et la participation de la société civile dans le développement ont fait l'objet de nombreux débats et d'études approfondies, il en est tout autrement pour les institutions des organismes donateurs bilatéraux et les processus via lesquels ils aboutissent à une position politique commune. Il est donc primordial de mieux comprendre comment les donateurs parviennent à ces consensus politiques qui limitent avant tout les possibilités de développement dans le monde. À travers l'étude de la littérature portant sur la théorie de la politie planétaire, sur l'aide au développement et sur les mouvements sociaux, cette thèse examine les processus sociaux qui expliquent l'uniformité croissante parmi les principaux organismes donateurs d'aide bilatérale au développement. Cette recherche se fonde sur une approche méthodologique mixte, à la fois quantitative et qualitative, pour démontrer comment la politie planétaire influence les organismes donateurs des États-nations. Des techniques de macro-analyse des transitions sont employées pour montrer l'influence de la société mondiale sur les États donateurs. Les relations identifiées dans cette analyse quantitative sont ensuite utilisées pour formuler deux études de cas détaillées, l'une sur les politiques en matière d'égalité entre les sexes et l'autre sur les politiques de sécurité, dans trois pays : le Canada, la Suède et les États-Unis d'Amérique. Mes résultat
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Tong, Sui-yip. « The implementation of the policy of comprehensive social security assistance ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36449714.
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Sivarajah, Renukavathy. « From family to state, six Tamil women receiving social assistance ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0003/MQ33510.pdf.
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Nolan, Terence. « Clinical trial of social worker assistance in childhood chronic illness ». Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75376.
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Children with chronic illnesses have a doubled risk of developing psychosocial maladjustment--emotional problems, behavior disorder or difficulties in social relationships. Social work support and counselling aims to reduce this secondary morbidity, and is a common form of hospital-based psychosocial service. The first randomized controlled trial of this type of intervention was carried out to evaluate its effectiveness in treating and preventing maladjustment. This thesis describes how child behavior outcomes were assessed before and 4 months after a 6 month period of social worker assistance in 173 children randomized to intervention, and in 169 controls, all with chronic illnesses.No significant difference between intervention and control groups in the overall prevalence of maladjustment was found. There was no evidence to support a therapeutic or preventive effect of social work counselling on child behavior outcomes, nor was there improvement in child perceived competence. A search for treatment interactions failed to reveal any sub-group that benefitted from the intervention, and restriction of the analysis to individuals who actually received the intervention does not alter any of these conclusions.
Measurement problems, co-intervention, or other forms of bias cannot account for the negative results. It is speculated that if social work support is to be effective, it should be targetted, potent, of adequate duration, and possibly integrated within specialist clinic services.
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黃晨熹 et Chenxi Huang. « Social assistance in urban China : a case study of Shanghai ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30075166.
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Tong, Sui-yip, et 唐瑞葉. « The implementation of the policy of comprehensive social security assistance ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36449714.
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Lalioti, Varvara. « Social assistance outcomes in Southern Europe : an actor-centred approach ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b1fecf25-27bc-4fec-9c21-b7640031962d.
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This study analyses the evolution of social assistance in Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece, and closely examines the four countries’ different experiences with Guaranteed Minimum Income (GMI) schemes. A process-tracing methodology uses data from secondary sources, archival material, and 46 interviews to construct an actor-centred model and pursue a multiple-causality, historical approach. Outcomes are shown to result from interactions among central governments, religious organizations, secular organizations and territorial actors; and also from destabilizing forces. It is assumed that social assistance beneficiaries are forced to rely on these actors, whose attitudes are found to vary significantly due to their different interests, subjective perceptions of fairness, and preferences. Case histories of the four countries show that the periods prior to the 1970s were marked by minimal central government interest; indifferent, hostile, and/or divided secular organizations; and governmental partnerships with religious organizations. In the post-1970s periods, destabilizing forces co-occurring with centre-left governments resulted in new policies and changes, with relevant actors/organizations gradually welcoming pluralistic social assistance systems. The existence and extent of GMI schemes has been the principal factor differentiating social assistance developments among the four countries in more recent decades: Portugal is the only country with a national GMI, Italy and Spain have solely regional schemes, and Greece has no GMI at all. Because GMIs cut across traditional social assistance categories and are often linked with overall welfare system restructuring, establishment of GMIs and their subsequent maintenance require the co-occurrence of destabilizing forces and strong pro-GMI coalitions. Portugal exhibits the highest level of pro-GMI consensus nationwide, Greece the lowest,while Italy and Spain occupy intermediate positions. The institutional empowerment of territorial actors in the latter two countries was a precondition to emergence of local schemes, while destabilizing forces and strong local pro-GMI coalitions greatly increased the odds for establishing and maintaining them.
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Ebinger, Sarah E. « International Students’ Perceptions of University Assistance with their Social Adjustment ». Ashland University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=auhonors1323367259.
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Valli, Elsa. « Essays on social protection ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/69365/.
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This thesis analyses issues related to aid in Ethiopia and provision of elder care in the US. The first essay assesses the targeting of two major aid interventions, public works and food aid. Both types of aid are primarily allocated through community-based targeting. The few studies that have analysed the accuracy of aid targeting in Ethiopia have shown biases along demography, geography and political affiliations lines. With the introduction in 2005 of the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP), a major social protection programme, several administrative guidelines were introduced aimed at improving targeting. This paper uses the last two rounds of the Ethiopian Rural Household Survey to investigate whether there were changes in both targeting determinants, and amount received for PSNP public works and food aid components from 2004 to 2009. Overall, the PSNP appears to be allocated on the basis of observable-poverty-related characteristics, and food aid on household demographics. In addition, results suggest for both PSNP and food aid beneficiaries, political connections are significant in determining receipt of the program in 2004, but no longer in 2009, indicating an improvement towards means-based targeting. The second essay investigates the long-term effectiveness of emergency aid in Ethiopia in pro- tecting child health from the negative effects of a severe drought that hit the country in 2011. Child malnutrition remains a critical issue in Ethiopia and the literature has shown that shocks can have long lasting effects on physical and cognitive development. Using the two rounds of the Ethiopian Rural Socioeconomic Survey (ERSS) collected in 2011 and 2013, I explore the impact of emergency aid on child height-for-age aged 0-36 months two years after the drought had occurred. Because aid was not randomly allocated, I use a matching estimator to account for selection into the programme. The results show that emergency aid was effective in protecting children that experienced the drought. In the last essay, I research the effects of kindergarten eligibility on the provision of elder care in the US. I am able to identify the trade-off between child care and elder care by exploiting age eligibility criterion for public kindergarten, in combination with state-level variation, in the provision of full-time kindergarten. Through a reduced form approach, I estimate the Intention to Treat (ITT) for the effect of eligibility to kindergarten on provision of elder care. The results show that having the youngest child aged 5 in states that offer full-time kindergarten increases the probability of providing elder care by around 9 percentage points, which corresponds to 63 percentage increase to the baseline. The effect is higher for females (9.2) than for males (8.1).
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Watanabe, Anthony. « An employment assistance program for homeless men| A grant proposal ». Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10032312.
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The purpose of this project was to locate a potential funding source and write a grant to provide an employment assistance program for homeless men at The Salvation Army Hospitality House in Santa Ana, California. Homelessness and the resulting health, economic, and social problems are significant public concerns and men are overrepresented among the homeless. Unemployment is one of the most cited reasons for being homeless among men residing at the host agency. The proposed program would provide these men with work/trade skills and job placement assistance and help them move from homelessness to self-sufficiency. The Carrie Estelle Doheny Foundation was selected as the most appropriate funding source. If funded, the program would reduce the number of homeless men in the area. The evaluation of the program would also contribute to the knowledge base of social work by demonstrating techniques to implement strength-based, evidence-based practices.
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Nitzsche, Nico, Gangolf Hirtz et Henry Schulz. « Assistierte Bewegungskontrolle in der Rehabilitation durch intelligente Sensortechnologie ». Universitätsverlag der Technischen Universität Chemnitz, 2018. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A31741.
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Im Beruf, in der Freizeit und in der Rehabilitation werden immer öfter digitale Medien eingesetzt. Speziell in der motorischen Rehabilitation wird zunehmend eine Digitalisierung der Therapieprozesse festgestellt. Dieser Trend soll den Therapieprozess dokumentieren, die Patienten motivieren und auch eine Unterstützung für die Therapeuten sein. Gegenwärtig werden in der Praxis verschiedene „Feedback-Informationen“ verwendet, beispielsweise Informationen zum Bewegungsweg und zur Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit. In der Regel kommen diese Informationen primär vom Trainingsgerät, da dort die entsprechenden Sensoren angebracht sind. Die Information zur Bewegungsqualität des Patienten selbst, wird von den Sensoren nicht erfasst.
Im Rahmen des Projektes „AssiSt“ (Assistierte Bewegungskontrolle in der Rehabilitation durch intelligente Sensortechnologie) wurde ein anderer Ansatz verfolgt. Hier war es das Ziel, ein Assistenzsystem zu entwickeln, welches einem Patienten während seiner Übungsausführung Feedback geben kann. Es galt dabei zu prüfen, inwiefern mit einem optischen Sensor die Bewegung des Übenden direkt erfasst und in Echtzeit auf fehlerhafte Bewegungsausführungen/oder die/eine fehlerhafte Bewegungsausführung analysiert werden kann. Eine falsche Bewegungsausführung kann dazu führen, dass die Zielmuskulatur nicht richtig angesteuert wird. Darüber hinaus können aktive und passive Strukturen in der frühen postoperativen Phase überlastet werden.
Hierfür wurde mithilfe von Methoden des maschinellen Lernens die Bewegung des Übenden auf Fehlerbilder hin analysiert. Bei fehlerhafter Ausführung werden dabei über eine Feedbackeinheit sofort Korrekturhinweise übermittelt, sodass auftretende Fehler zeitnah korrigiert werden können. Im Verlauf klinischer Tests wurde das Feedback des Assistenzsystems mit der Analyse eines Therapeuten verglichen, wobei eine gute Übereinstimmung erzielt wurde. Neben der Bewegungsanalyse wird durch das System zusätzlich eine Verlaufsdokumentation erstellt, sodass Patienten und Therapeuten nachträglich den Therapieverlauf auswerten können. Darüber hinaus wurde untersucht, ob Biosignale, wie bspw. die Erwärmung der Hautoberfläche infolge der Muskelarbeit während des Trainings, als Feedback geeignet sind. Dies könnte das Effektwissen des Patienten durch ein besseres Verständnis zwischen der Therapieübung und der Muskelansteuerung verbessern.
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Rurka, Anna. « L'efficacité de l'action éducative d'aide à domicile : le point de vue des usagers et des professionnels / ». Paris : l'Harmattan, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41308153x.
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Gantt, Antrelise. « Differences in sources of assistance with activities of daily living between Black and white non-Hispanic elderly in South Florida ». FIU Digital Commons, 1999. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3453.
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Minas, Renate. « Administrating poverty : Studies of intake organization and social assistance in Sweden ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Social Work, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-351.
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The general purpose of this dissertation is to study the causes and the consequences of the formal structure of intake of potential social assistance clients at Swedish social welfare offices. The focus lies on the social welfare offices, their organizational framework and routines concerning intake. A focus on the formal structure of the intake may provide information about the importance of organization for people seeking help but also for the municipalities themselves. The data used in the analyses comes from two surveys of welfare offices augmented with register data.
Study 1 examines the very first contact between social assistance inquirers and the social welfare offices. Telephone intake and first personal visits are documented and a considerable variation in the share of inquirers who received an appointment for further assessment was found. Considerable variation was also found in the share who were granted social assistance after the assessment during the personal visit. An examination of the offices’ intake routines and organization provided some indications that the unequal priority given to intake is an important explanation behind the variation.
Study 2 analyzes the link between intake organization and the degree of selection taken place at telephone intakes by focusing on those inquirers not becoming clients. The relationship between intake organization and the social workers’ reasons for selection is examined and several selection strategies could be found. The results confirm the fact that Swedish municipalities have great autonomy in designing the social services and in addition show that offices within the same municipality may choose different organizational solutions.
The aim of study 3 is to investigate how intake of social assistance inquirers is organized in Swedish municipalities and what factors determine intake organization. The results show that there are three different intake types. One of them, called special intake units, is distinct from the other two in that the intake staff has relatively high qualifications. Examining factors likely to affect the creation of special intake units, the results show that mainly professional and organizational factors related to the organization of work within the whole social assistance unit are important.
The purpose of study 4 is to examine the connection between organizational factors and local social assistance expenditures in Swedish municipalities. The organization of the social assistance unit, in particular to the intake of social assistance inquirers, and its potential implication for local social assistance costs are emphasized. The results show a cost reducing effect of special intake units first when analyzed together with additional specialization and taking account for staff resources. Thus, specialized intake organization by itself does not play a cost reducing role, but in combination with certain other factors describing internal organization.
In an introductory part the studies are located in a broader framework starting with a historical description of different strategies and classification systems traditionally used when distributing poor aid. The expansion of the welfare state changed the importance of a last safety net. Specific characteristics of public organizations administering social assistance are described and the legal framework is outlined focusing on the right to apply for social assistance is outlined. Different aspects of intake are then discussed: stages of the intake process, the organization of intake in Sweden and elsewhere, intake organization as a fashion, and possible functions of the intake. Finally, implications of the four studies with regard to access to benefit and the issue of specialization as well as further research are discussed.
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Sharif, Shaheedah. « A program evaluation of the Georgia justice project's employment assistance program ». DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2004. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/2038.
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This evaluation examines the Georgia Justice Project's (GJP) employment program. GJP has been assisting its clients since 1986. GJP is an unlikely mix of lawyers, social workers, and a landscaping company. The Georgia Justice Project defends people accused of crimes and, win or lose, they stand by their clients while they rebuild their lives. GJP's mission is to ensure justice for the indigent criminally accused and to take a holistic approach to assisting them in establishing crime-free lives as productive citizens. GJP's goal is to have a positive impact on the lives of individual clients and their families, which in turn positively impacts the community by decreasing crime and violence. Helping clients rebuild their lives often involves helping them obtain employment. In 1993, New Horizon Landscaping Company was created to assist clients with employment needs. The services the employment program provides include job readiness, job placement, training, and GED preparation. These services help clients remove/overcome barriers (i.e., legal case, criminal record). The sample consists of sixty individuals who received assistance in 2002. The social services intake form was utilized to gather the information needed for the evaluation. The data was obtained by assessing each client's case file records. The following questions were addressed in this evaluation: (1) What were the employment needs presented by the program's clients? (2) What specific needs were met by existing services? (3) What needs were not being addressed?
The data were collected by the researcher and interpreted for data analysis. The findings from this evaluation were expected to increase awareness when working with ex-offenders in the field of social work. The results of the evaluation and implications are discussed in later chapters.
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Erik, Hedlin. « The Grandchildren of Immigrants : Employment, Earnings and Receipt of Social Assistance ». Thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5506.
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This paper studies the employment rates, earnings and social assistance of grandchildren to the immigrants that came to Sweden before 1960. The results indicate that there are differences regarding employment, earnings and social assistance between some of the third-generation immigrant groups and the third-generation native groups, especially when it comes to employment rates. No differences were however found for the grandchildren of immigrants from outside of Europe, but around 90 percent of them came from North America and many were return migrants. One conclusion from this paper is that differences in labor market outcomes between immigrant groups and natives may exist over several generations and that immigration policy may have very long lasting effects.
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Sicard, Colette. « Neither here nor there, exploring the contradictions in social assistance policies ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0005/MQ45303.pdf.
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Villa, Lora Juan. « Exit conditions in social assistance programmes : evidence from conditional cash transfers ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/exit-conditions-in-social-assistance-programmes-evidence-from-conditional-cash-transfers(dd7f8f80-8e11-4652-a49e-c01d8dd93067).html.
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Social assistance programmes (SAPs), understood as non-contributory transfers aimed at ad-dressing poverty, have spread in developing countries since the late 1990s. National govern-ments in Latin America have sought to extend the coverage of SAPs through human devel-opment conditional cash transfer programmes (CCTs). CCTs share several implementation features. First, they employ targeting and selection methods based on means, and proxy means, tests. Research on targeting and selection methods has evolved hand in hand with the adoption of CCTs in Latin America, Africa and South East Asia. Second, CCTs involve the provision of cash transfers directly to households, but with conditions attached to human development objectives. Transfers are given to households in poverty contingent on investment in the human capital formation of their children. A third feature relates to the presence of programme exit conditions. To date, scarce research is available on the design and outcomes associated with exit condi-tions from CCTs. This thesis thus contributes to the literature in the implementation of SAPs by providing a critical examination of exit conditions in SAPs with specific emphasis on CCTs. The thesis provides a systematic theoretical and empirical analysis of the role of exit conditions in the implementation of CCTs. The thesis develops and tests two basic principles underlying the role of exit conditions. First, the exhausted-effectiveness principle suggests that the effectiveness of a CCT varies over time. The research reported in this examines the effectiveness of programme over time with the aim of identifying potential thresholds after which a given SAP's effectiveness de-clines. A two-period child human capital investment model is developed to study analytically the conditions in which programme effectiveness varies over time. This is examined empirically in order to demonstrate the existence of the time-varying effectiveness associated with the implementation of the Colombia's CCT, Familias en Accion. A continuous treatment effect model is estimated following Hirano and Imbens (2004), in which the length of exposure allows for the graphical analysis of dose-response functions. The results indicate that the design of SAPs must take account of time-varying effectiveness. Second, a principle of the non-recurrence of poverty states that beneficiaries should be able to exit an effective programme when two conditions apply: (i) they are not in poverty; and (ii) they face a low probability of becoming poor in the near future. This principle acknowledges the implications of poverty dynamics for the implementation of SAPs with a particular focus on exit conditions. This thesis characterises the poverty dynamics of beneficiary households through the estimation of a Markovian poverty transition model using data from the Familias en Accion programme. The findings from the empirical work suggest that programme participation should not end when households are non-poor, but attention must be paid to probabilities of recurrence, in order to secure non-recurrence in the near future. Taken together, the exhausted-effectiveness principle interacts with the non-recurrence of poverty principle in the sense that the first sets a maximum length of exposure to the intervention, while the second determines minimum levels of exposure.
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Hassan, Said Neama Lejla. « Ett liv på försörjningsstöd : En kvalitativ studie om socialsekreterares erfarenheter av och perspektiv på arbetsföra klienters långvariga behov av försörjningsstöd ». Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-20359.
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Abstract The purpose of the study was to gain knowledge about how social workers perceive the underlying factors that may be behind clients’ need of social assistance for longer periods. A qualitative approach has been used and six telephone interviews with social workers from two different municipalities in Stockholm have been performed. The results show that the social workers’ views are that individuals are in need of social assistance because they are unemployed and because they can not speak Swedish, but it also depends on the client's relationship to the social worker and the municipality's employee turnover. The social services can help to prevent clients from being trapped in a long term need of social assistance, for example by clarifying the municipal rules and regulations, by developing and introducing new activities in the municipality and / or by reducing employee turnover and workload. Keywords: social worker, social assistance, unemploymentSammanfattning Syftet med studien var att få kunskap om hur socialsekreterare ser på de faktorer som kan ligga bakom arbetsföra klienters behov av försörjningsstöd under längre perioder. Kvalitativ metod har använts och sex telefonintervjuer med socialsekreterare från två olika kommuner i Stockholm har genomförts. Informanternas bild är att individer är i behov av försörjningsstöd eftersom de är arbetslösa och på grund av bristande kunskap i svenska, men det kan även bero på klientens relation med socialsekreteraren och kommunens höga personalomsättning. Socialtjänsten kan hjälpa till med att förhindra att klienter fastnar i ett långvarigt behov av försörjningsstöd, exempelvis genom att förtydliga kommunens regler och riktlinjer, genom att utveckla och införa nya insatser i kommunen och/eller genom att minska personalomsättningen och arbetsbelastning. Nyckelord: social worker, social assistance, unemployment
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Morrison-Orton, Debra J. « How rehabilitation professionals define and use religion and spirituality in practice ». Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3034940.
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