Articles de revues : « Social and economic background »

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International Monetary Fund. « Rwanda : Social and Economic Background Paper, and Statistical Appendix ». IMF Staff Country Reports 95, n^o 109 (1995) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451833201.002.

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Wong, May-Kuen, et Fuk-Tan Tang. « Investigation of Vaccination and Social Economic Background in Poliomyelitis ». Rehabilitation Practice and Science 15, n^o 1 (1 décembre 1987) : 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.6315/jrma.198712.00013.

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ÖZBOLAT, Abdullah. « FAMILY STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL MOBILITY : From Socio-Economic Background to Social Networks ». Journal of Academic Social Science Studies Volume 5 Issue 6, n^o 5 (2012) : 359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.9761/jasss_293.

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Lozina, Olga, et Leonid Tutov. « Methodological background of human model in modern economy ». Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2020, n^o 5 (30 octobre 2020) : 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105202052.

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Human behavior in the face of new challenges of changing economic reality is of interest not only to Economics, but also to other social Sciences. In this regard, the question of creating a universal human model as a tool for interpreting and predicting behavior remains open. The article analyzes the formation of human model in the economy comparing neoclassical and alternative approaches. The purpose of the work is to identify the possibilities of methodological development of the model not only as a tool for analyzing economic phenomena and processes, but also as an independent object of knowledge. The results of the study show that drawing on the interdisciplinary approach of new institutional Economics, behavioral Economics, and social Sciences, you may perform a more profound study of behavioral assumptions, including an appeal to the motivational component of behavior, which expands the explanatory power of the model. The findings can be used both for promising theoretical and methodological approaches to the analysis of an individual as an economic entity, and for solving practical problems.

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Navalna, Maryna, et Ruslana Tymchenko. « Differential signs of social and economic vocabulary against the background of social dynamics ». University Economic Bulletin, n^o 44 (12 février 2020) : 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2020-44-73-80.

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The subject of research is semantic processes in the vocabulary of socio-economic sphere. Objective of research. Analyzes the verbal vocabulary for denoting social-economic concepts and identifies the potential of these linguistic items. Methodological basis of research. In the research, the descriptive-analytical method was used for comprehensive study and description of vocabulary. For the systematization and classification of lexical items, interpretation of their functional features, the methods of linguistic observation and generalization were used; to determine the origin and the original meaning of lexical items – the elements of etymological analysis were used. The comparative method was used to compare the features of semantics, structure, origin and usage of linguistic items of the analyzed field. Results of research. The article analyzes the social-political vocabulary based on differential signs, it characterizes the verbal vocabulary for denoting social-economic concepts and identifies the potential of these linguistic items. Selected a few layers of vocabulary in different spheres of use, defined stylistic role of the term for economic concepts and processes, factors that new lexico-semantic displays have defined are characterized, their stylistic role is defined. The field of application of results. The results of the study can be used in teaching activities in the course «Scientific and technical terminology». Conclusions. Socio-economic vocabulary is a sufficiently broad group of verbs that denote different processes, actions and sometimes states. These lexical items really show what is happening in society in the economic sector. The article concludes that the selected thematic groups of verbs are not closed, they are open both for replenishment by new lexical items and verbs of other lexical-semantic groups.

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Nusupova, Saikal, et Cholponbai Nusupov. « PHILOSOPHY OF GENDER : ECONOMIC BACKGROUND GENDER RELATIONS ». Alatoo Academic Studies 22, n^o 2 (30 juin 2022) : 336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2022.222.43.

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This paper examines the problems of gender relations, viewed through the prism of economic factors that determine the social status and role of women in various areas of labor organization. Moreover, a philosophical and economic analysis of the correlation of gender and gender differences in society is given, the position on the fallacy found in the scientific literature, the definition of professions classified as “female”, is substantiated while replacing gender aspects with proper sexual ones, associated with the moral characteristics of the female sex. The objective dependence of gender principles on economic causes and political processes, determined by such factors as what form of ownership and what socio- political system exists in a particular historical society, is revealed. Thus, in particular, it highlights how the institution of private property has a direct impact on the content and direction of gender relations, viewed through the prism of social activity and the orientation of their subjects.

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Bager, G., R. Paiman et C. Odorige. « SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT : THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BACKGROUND ». Actual Problems of International Relations, n^o 129 (2016) : 90–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2016.129.0.90-113.

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This is a comparative study of three countries, “Hungary, Nigeria and Iraq”. These countries belong to three different continents, Hungary-Central Europe, Nigeria-Africa, Iraq-the Middle East. Sustainable Development means different concerns to each of these countries. The paradigm of SD includes Economic, Social and Environmental responsibilities. Economic growth is the primary policy objective for most countries where environment and social paradox of the equation is relatively low. In this study, the researchers analyse the three country’s situation in relation to Global Sustainable Development Goals. The approach of each country in realising these goals will be highlighted and a comparative link designed to find out differences and similarities in their approaches. Overall objectives of the Sustainable Development is to focus on the three dimensions equally, “economics, social and Environmental (Figure 1). Unfortunately many developing countries are incapable or lack the political will to tackle all three at the same time. The second part of this study will focus on the role of the three governments in meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and the challenges to growth and sustainability will be highlighted. The overall objective of this comparative study is to find out the role of governments and their efforts at reaching sustainable development goals.

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Savytska, Olga, Оksana Кrizhantovskaya, Maria Bielikova et Dіana Prisekorian. « SOCIO-ECONOMIC BACKGROUND OF FORMING RESORTS ». Urban development and spatial planning, n^o 76 (1 mars 2021) : 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2076-815x.2021.76.261-270.

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The article addresses key issues aimed at identifying factors affecting the development of resorts and ensuring the sustainable socio-economic development of public policy in the field of spa activities. The formation and development of any resort areas are largely determined by the quality and variety of recreational resources and services. Recreational resources, on the one hand, act as the main material basis of the recreational sphere, and on the other hand, they directly and directly affect the development of recreational infrastructure. The analysis of world and domestic experience showed that at the moment there is an urgent need to implement a set of measures aimed at preserving, developing the potential of the resort sector and the formation of a modern resort complex. Which is able to solve both medical and social problems, as well as providing affordable sanatorium-resort treatment, and the economic problems of forming the sphere of resort business.In Ukraine, the goals of the spa complex is to focus on the further restoration and development of the spa industry enterprises. The adaptation of the sanatorium complex to world standards is on the path to developing new types and forms of recreational services, organizing new types of leisure centers, expanding treatment services and organizing conference services.

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Чеботаренко, Елена, et Elena Chebotarenko. « Institutional Background of Social Market Economy ». Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series : Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2018, n^o 4 (14 janvier 2019) : 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2018-4-164-169.

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The quality of life of people and the degree of focus of market economy on the interests of people depend to a great extent on the structure of public institutes, which include formal and informal norms, rules and the organizations that support them. To develop these norms and rules, it is necessary to rely not only on rational considering and calculation of the interacting parties, but also on habits, customs, and traditions. The universal nature of functions of public institutes always acts in the specific ethical cover that reflects the culture of people, their idea of the social justice focused on three fundamental values: equal opportunities, overcoming excess inequalities, and providing honest rules of the game. The institutionalization process includes stages connected with understanding and acceptance by the majority of the principles of socially oriented economy, development of the particular rules, and mechanisms supporting them. Some institutes perform functions of control over the flaws of the market mechanism, others are aimed at alignment of excess social and economic inequalities and ensuring the compensating advantages to everyone.

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He, Xue-qiu, et Song Li. « On Social-technical Control of Safety Development in Economic Transition Background ». Frontiers of Engineering Management 2, n^o 3 (2015) : 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.15302/j-fem-2015025.

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Präg, Patrick. « Subjective socio-economic status predicts self-rated health irrespective of objective family socio-economic background ». Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 48, n^o 7 (7 juin 2020) : 707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494820926053.

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Aim: Subjective appraisals of socio-economic status (SES) are robustly associated with health outcomes, even when controlling for objective SES. Is this because objective SES is not accounted for in a sufficiently exhaustive way? Methods: I pool eight waves of nationally representative survey data from Germany (German General Social Survey, 2004–18, N=13,557) to assess the association between two separate subjective appraisals of SES (a 10-point scale and subjectively chosen social class membership) and poor self-rated health using logit and linear probability models. I account for an exhaustive range of objective SES variables, including respondents’ household incomes and social status, as well as occupational status, social class and education of respondents and of their partners, fathers and mothers. Results: The association between subjective SES and poor self-rated health remains stable, even when accounting for a wide range of objective SES markers. This is true for both subjective SES measured on a 10-point scale and as a subjective class identification. Conclusions: Even when controlling for a large number of objective SES markers, subjective SES and self-rated health are linked, suggesting that subjective assessments of SES are meaningful measures of SES which form a distinct pathway to health.

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Preziosi, Elisabetta, Marco Rotiroti, M. Teresa Condesso de Melo et Klaus Hinsby. « Natural Background Levels in Groundwater ». Water 13, n^o 19 (6 octobre 2021) : 2770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192770.

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Desideri, Agnese. « Children's social categorisation practices and family background ». WELFARE E ERGONOMIA 9, n^o 2 (février 2024) : 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/we2023-002004.

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The aim of this essay is to deepen understanding of family background's impact on children's social categorisation practices. Indeed, children's social categorisation practices have been widely studied in many countries worldwide, but the impact of family background remains poorly researched. Drawing on Bourdieu's notion of primary habitus, it has been possible to observe what happens when children use their incorporated dispositions to categorise. To achieve this aim, ninety-six families (96 first-grade children as well as their parents) were interviewed using photo-elicitation. A questionnaire was also used to reconstruct the families' socio-economic and cultural profiles. Thanks to mixed-methods analytic approach it has been possible to highlight the relevant impact of family context on children's social categorisation practices. Family's education level, nationality and some cultural practices play an important role on child categorisation.

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HRYTSENKO, A. A., et O. А. HRYTSENKO. « Social and economic background of a confrontation as escalation of contemporary contradictions ». ECONOMIC THEORY AND LAW 32, n^o 1 (2018) : 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31359/2411-5584-2018-32-1-11.

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Uzelac, Ozren, Marijana Dukić-Mijatović et Aleksandra Stoiljković. « Sustainable development and corporate social responsibility : Theoretical background and socio-economic context ». Ekonomija : teorija i praksa 15, n^o 4 (2022) : 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/etp2204153u.

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The challenges of sustainable development and corporate social responsibility are critically discussed through the current concept of unsustainable development of the economy and society, numerous manifestations of such development, as well as the causes and consequences of this phenomenon. Indicators of unsustainable development were analyzed, in particular: problems of global poverty, problems of ecology, climate change, energy, disease and lack of education. Changes in the direction of a new trajectory of development are necessary, i.e. action directed towards a new development paradigm. This requires a greater role of science, especially economic science. The new concept of the economy implies new patterns of behavior in terms of ecological business and green economy. A new paradigm of development, a new strategy for the development of the economy and society is necessary because the current concept of growth and development has led to a series of negative effects on the natural environment, society and people. There are many forms of manifestation of unsustainable development: the problem of global poverty and hunger, problems of ecology, climate change and energy. The basic message is that humanity faces great challenges and that it is necessary to move from unsustainable development to sustainable development of the economy and society, where corporate social responsibility plays a key role. Sustainable development is a way of thinking, i.e. observation of the world, which we must change for the sake of the present and the future. In order to achieve this, synchronized actions are needed at the local (national) and global (world) level in order to find solutions, where large multinational economic systems must play a special role.

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IVASHCHENKO, M. V. « The economic background of crime and the social costs of criminal punishment ». ECONOMIC THEORY AND LAW 3, n^o 50 (2022) : 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31359/2411-5584-2022-50-3-106.

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Power, Chris. « Social and economic background and class inequalities in health among young adults ». Social Science & ; Medicine 32, n^o 4 (janvier 1991) : 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(91)90342-a.

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Boyer, George R. « The Historical Background of the Communist Manifesto ». Journal of Economic Perspectives 12, n^o 4 (1 novembre 1998) : 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.12.4.151.

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This paper attempts to place the economic analysis of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels's Communist Manifesto in historical perspective. The author begins by summarizing the analysis of capitalist economic development in the Manifesto, and showing how it was strongly influenced by developments in the cotton industry in Manchester, England. He then examines the economic, social, and political conditions in Manchester and the surrounding cotton towns during the 1830s and 1840s, drawing on the views of contemporary observers and recent research by economic historians. The paper concludes by discussing why Marx and Engels's predictions for the imminent collapse of capitalism were wrong.

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Pachura, Aneta. « THE PERCEPTION OF SOCIAL ENTERPRISE IN THE BACKGROUND OF FEATURES OF SOCIAL LEADERS ». Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas Zarządzanie 23, n^o 3 (30 septembre 2022) : 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0315.

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The contemporary image of the socio-economic environment leads to consideration of social entrepreneurship. Increasing importance is attributed to the issue of creating social enterprises for socio-professional inclusiveness. The purpose of the article is to analyze the perception of social enterprise in relation to the entrepreneurial features of social leaders. The paper presents a report on empirical research conducted in the northern subregion of the Silesian Voivodeship. The process of real-life interaction between the author and social leaders in identifying elements of business models for launching a social enterprise made possible to carry out the research.

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Hansen, M. N. « Social and Economic Inequality in the Educational Career : Do the Effects of Social Background Characteristics Decline ? » European Sociological Review 13, n^o 3 (1 décembre 1997) : 305–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.esr.a018220.

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Kromják, Laura. « Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Economic Prospects and Historical Background ». Financial and Economic Review 20, n^o 2 (2021) : 148–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33893/fer.20.2.148169.

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The essay discusses the socio-political challenges for the economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its foreign trade in goods and services, including the Hungarian relation. The study uses descriptive tools and secondary data. Wedged in between Croatia and Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina’s economy is inextricably linked to the dramatic events of the past and the still unresolved social and political conflicts. Within Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina was a member state with significant export potential, but the war and ethnicisation have devastated the economy. The state administration of the Dayton system is expensive, and the foundations for capital flows, privatisation and European convergence are developing slowly. Capital flows, the Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance (IPA) and international aid play an important role in balancing the foreign exchange balance. A significant item reducing the negative current account balance is the amount of remittances, which is six times higher than FDI. Remittances have become the largest source of external financing, increasing dependency and exacerbating the vulnerability of the economy.

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Sukiennik, Katarzyna, et Michał Dziadkiewicz. « Forecasts for generational background of consumer behavior in ecological and economic terms ». Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2024, n^o 194 (2024) : 489–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2024.194.29.

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Purpose: The basic purpose of the article was to determine the awareness of different generation groups in terms of ecological and economic aspects of life. Design/methodology/approach: The article presents the theoretical framework of consumer behavior and the implemented pro-ecological activities of representatives of Generations X, Y, Z. Subsequently, social involvement in pro-ecological activities in the immediate vicinity was determined based on own research and exemplary results of 15 international research. Findings: The main hypothesis put forward is as follows: ecological and economic awareness is related to the age difference. The research indicates that there are differences in the consumer behavior of representatives of different generations in relation to environmental protection and the global energy crisis. Research limitations/implications: The research confirmed the formulated hypothes. The financial possibilities of various social groups may indicate a different image of consumerism in the era of commonly required pro-ecological behavior. Practical implications: The respondents showed great awareness and knowledge as well as commitment to pro-ecological activities, considering economic aspects. Social implications: Contemporary promotion of pro-ecological activities leads to an increase in social awareness. Originality/value: The analyzes of the conducted surveys emphasize the increasing awareness of pro-ecological and economic behavior of consumers in many countries and the need to adapt urban space to social and ecological requirements. Consumption leads primarily to an increase in production, which is an important factor of economic growth in the world markets. Keywords: generations, pro-ecological initiatives, ecological and economic awareness, sustainable environment. Category of the paper: Research paper.

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Pavalko, Ronald M. « Socio-economic Background, Ability, and the Allocation of Students ». Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie 4, n^o 4 (14 juillet 2008) : 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-618x.1967.tb01310.x.

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Абдувапова, Айнагул. « SOCIAL BACKGROUND AND CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT OF THE MODERN PERIOD ». Илимий-маалыматтык журналы 23, n^o 6 (2023) : 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.58494/esai.23(6).2023.02.

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The article analyzes unemployment, one of the most important socio-economic problems of Kyrgyzstan. Currently, the trends of unemployment development in the Kyrgyz Republic are shown, and the possibilities of unemployment distribution and employment in Kyrgyzstan are analyzed. It can be said that unemployment criteria are one of the main indicators that determine the overall state of the economy. In the article, the types of unemployment, their influence on society, problems of occurrence are discussed.

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Kyungho Jang, KyungmoKim et Kyungdong Hahn. « The Effects of Social Studies Teachers‘ Background on their Attitudes to Economic Education ». Theory and Research in Citizenship Education 40, n^o 4 (décembre 2008) : 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35557/trce.40.4.200812.002.

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PRZYBYSZ, Klaudia. « Corporate Social Responsibility in European Union Countries on Background of the Economic Development ». Journal of Applied Economic Sciences (JAES) 15, n^o 16 (décembre 2020) : 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.57017/jaes.v15.4(70).04.

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The aim of the study was to analyze the relationships between economic factors and the number of enterprises operating according to the CSR rules. The enlargement of the European Union (EU) resulted in the expansion of markets and increased competition. The improvement of goods and services quality as well as respect for natural and human resources become a value. Long-term practices such as the Corporate Social Responsibility constituting an investment in the company's competitive position are the answer to the needs of consumers. The implementation of CSR programs and planned PR activities in the company also leads to an increase in the company's value and thus improves its competitiveness. We want to determine whether entrepreneurs in more developed countries are more likely to implement the CSR rules than those in countries with a lower level of economic development. The base of our analysis was rating of CSR companies from every country in compared to their economic growth. In order to detect any dependency, multivariate comparative analysis and Hellwig’s method were used. Results may prove useful in the process of shaping the EU policy towards enterprises.

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GONZÁLEZ-RODRÍGUEZ, MARÍA DEL ROSARIO, MARÍA DEL CARMEN DÍAZ-FERNÁNDEZ, VALÉRIA RUEDA ELIAS SPERS et MARCELO DA SILVA LEITE. « RELATION BETWEEN BACKGROUND VARIABLES, VALUES AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ». Revista de Administração de Empresas 56, n^o 1 (février 2016) : 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-759020160102.

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ABSTRACT Consumer perception of corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be directly influenced by individual value structures. This research aims to provide new knowledge regarding the relationship between basic human values and the public's perception of CSR. It focuses on the values of higher education students and their views regarding a particular corporate social initiative. The study reveals that social, educational, and economic circumstances influence human values. Those values in turn influence why different students perceive CSR differently. These findings are relevant to companies as they provide a more detailed understanding of why certain consumer groups perceive certain CSR initiatives the way that they do. They also suggest that universities should increase their awareness of the importance of integrating human values and CSR in the curricula of future business managers and social leaders.

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Sangamithra, A., P. S. Janaki et S. Vishnu. « A Study on Social Background of the Cancer Patients in Coimbatore District ». Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 10, n^o 1 (1 juillet 2022) : 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v10i1.4986.

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Cancer is a serious threat not just to the victim’s health, but also to the victim’s entire family. It not only disrupts the family’s socio-economic fabric but also lowers the country’s overall development status since; in order to cover the costs and repay the financial debt, cancer-stricken households must reduce their own basic necessities. The study was conducted to know the socio-economic impact of cancer and treatment-seeking behaviour of cancer patients, the data was collected through an interview conducted among 20 out-patients in Coimbatore. The study explored the result of gender, age, religion, language, nativity, employment, and bank account are socioeconomic backgrounds of cancer patients in Coimbatore.

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Andersen, Torben M. « SOCIAL BACKGROUND, EDUCATION, AND INEQUALITY ». Economic Inquiry 57, n^o 3 (14 mars 2019) : 1441–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12778.

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Newbury, Catharine. « Background To Genocide : Rwanda ». Issue : A Journal of Opinion 23, n^o 2 (1995) : 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700501966.

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Readers of Issue know better than to accept the images of tribalism and ancient hatreds propagated in much of the American press during the early days and weeks of the genocide in Rwanda. And the media (or at least some journalists) came around eventually to a recognition that far from mindless tribal violence, this was planned and calculated genocide. Still, in North America it is the deaths and brutality that have most mesmerized public attention; there has been too little discussion of the political, social, and economic context in which the genocide occurred.

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Newbury, Catharine. « Background To Genocide : Rwanda ». Issue : A Journal of Opinion 23, n^o 2 (1995) : 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1548450500004741.

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Readers of Issue know better than to accept the images of tribalism and ancient hatreds propagated in much of the American press during the early days and weeks of the genocide in Rwanda. And the media (or at least some journalists) came around eventually to a recognition that far from mindless tribal violence, this was planned and calculated genocide. Still, in North America it is the deaths and brutality that have most mesmerized public attention; there has been too little discussion of the political, social, and economic context in which the genocide occurred.

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Durón Díaz, Juan Javier, et Félix Frías Ibarra. « Background of the Bathymetric Cartography of Mexico ». Revista Costas 6, Vol Esp. 2 (juin 2021) : 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26359/costas.e0921.

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At present the Mexican oceans are important for economic, social, and climatic reasons; Mexico’s privileged geographic location, between two oceans, largely explains the enormous biological and environmental diversity that it brings together, in addition to its wide range of marine resources and ecosystems. A determining factor that influences marine life is undoubtedly the relief that is submerged in the oceans, since different ecosystems originate in it where diversity of species is concentrated. Likewise, a great diversity of metals and hydrocarbons are concentrated in the relief, which currently constitute another wealth for Mexico. Given this, the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI, by its acronym in spanish)) has been given the task of providing data and geographic information of the undersea relief of Mexico through bathymetric cartography to represent the seabed to assist in decision-making in the areas economic, political, social, and technical, as well as for the planning and development of marine infrastructure and, where appropriate, for disaster prevention and response.

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Ananieva, E. V. « Brexit : Reasons, Political Background, Implications ». Outlines of global transformations : politics, economics, law 10, n^o 6 (28 février 2018) : 98–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2017-10-6-98-119.

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In the 1960s after the collapse of the colonial empire, the European direction became more important for Britain than relations with overseas territories. For Britain membership in the EEC and subsequently in the EU was a forced measure for the lack of an alternative. Britain gained a strong position in the integration group, but became “an inconvenient partner” in it, demanding special conditions. In the country there was a constant interand intra-party struggle on the “European question”. Eurosceptics were concerned about the country’s loss of national sovereignty and identity, dissatisfied with the social model of the EU in the spirit of social democracy. Euro-optimists considered self-isolation from the continent as disastrous for the country. The logic of integration led to deepening not only economic cooperation, but also political, which caused the rise of europetceptism in Britain in the conditions of the economic crisis of 2008- 2009, the crisis of the Eurozone and the migration crisis. Against this background, Prime Minister D. Cameron was forced to hold a referendum on Britain’s membership in the EU. The results of the referendum on Britain’s membership in the EU demonstrated a split in society: just over half of the British voted for the country’s withdrawal from the EU. The country is divided on social, age, and regional grounds. Not only socially vulnerable, but socially prosperous sections of the population voted for Brexit. As a result of globalization, the former concern immigration, the latter – the shift of economic power to the East. The political consequences of Brexit are serious. The political consequences of Brexit are serious. Scotland, having voted for the EU, is aiming to hold a new referendum on independence, Northern Ireland is wary of closing the border with Ireland. In the political arena, the struggle between eurosceptics and euro-opportunists did not stop, prompting the replacement of the leader and the Prime Minister (Conservative Party) and the aggravation of the crisis in the Labor Party. The successor of D. Cameron as head of the cabinet, T. May had to announce early parliamentary elections, hoping to strengthen the position of the ruling party and supporters of its line on the eve of difficult negotiations on the conditions for Britain’s withdrawal from the EU.

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Papakonstantinidis, Leonidas A. « Corporate Social Responsibility in Bargaining Solution by the “Win-Win-Win Papakonstantinidis Model” ». INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 5, n^o 3 (2019) : 31–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.53.2004.

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This work deals with the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as an application of the “win-win-win papakonstantinidis model”-the social wellbeing, bargaining (A-B-Community) Model which leads in a more justice more equality, more faith in the state and law. Starting from Ramzi Souleiman (2013) findings, on the “economic-harmony” equilibrium, this study goes one step more, in a synthesis between market(NE) and ethical economics(Economic Harmony equilibrium), so called the “equi-harmony” –the end of the sensitization process The suggested model’s theoretical background is analyzed as the main “interaction’s methodological tool” focusing on Utility Function

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Perez-Valdes, Gerardo A., Vibeke S. Nørstebø, May-Britt Ellingsen, Jukka Teräs et Adrian T. Werner. « Bioeconomic Clusters—Background, Emergence, Localization and Modelling ». Sustainability 11, n^o 17 (24 août 2019) : 4611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174611.

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Industrial Clusters, especially those based on biologically sourced materials and their derivative products, can play an important role in the global shift to more sustainable production methods and ecological economic systems. The concept of cluster, however, is difficult to define and study. This paper presents quantitative methods based on Input-Output and Operations Research analysis to establish and plan cluster operations and complement that with qualitative reflections on the nature of these clusters. The purpose is to bring together both dimensions and demonstrate their complementarity, with social and policy aspects being as important considerations as techno-economic-driven ones. Using a case study, hypothetical clusters using numerical methods are created; the clusters produced by numerical methods point to and raise important issues related to the need to utilize qualitative analysis in conjunction to pure economic motives while designing/planning industrial clusters.

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Wolska, Grażyna. « The review of theories of mainstream economics on the example of economic models ». Equilibrium 10, n^o 1 (31 mars 2015) : 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2015.010.

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Regardless of the fact that economics distinguishes itself from other social sciences by a high level of formal deductive modelling, it is a social science due to the essence of the economic process where a human is a subject and an object at the same time. In recent years this issue has been more frequently emphasized by economists in ongoing discussions. In the discussions, a good deal of time is devoted to economic models and, mainly, their relations with the socioeconomic reality and coherence of empirical evidence. The article presents a thesis that some mainstream economic theories have not always constituted the background to their practical applications, which led - and still can lead- to the dogmatic and inflexible use of model solutions for economic phenomena which are difficult to forecast in a non-variant rigid model. The aim is to critically analyse the beliefs about the usefulness of universal economic models in the economic reality advocated by mainstream economists, and to prove that not all economic models have constituted the background to their practical applications.

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Guryanov, Pavel. « Social and economic background of the October revolution of 1917 : the lessons of history ». Zhurnal Sotsiologii i Sotsialnoy Antropologii (The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology) 20, n^o 4 (5 décembre 2017) : 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31119/jssa.2017.20.4.1.

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Atoni, Rose, Phillip Ipat et Paul Ogula. « Students’ Socio-Economic Background On Social Media Use In Turkana Central Sub County Kenya ». International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 11, n^o 5 (12 avril 2021) : 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.11.05.2021.p11335.

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MIURA, Takahiro, Ryo FUJIKURA et Hidefumi IMURA. « The Social and Economic Background of Wetland Loss in Urban Area and the Suburds. » ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH 25 (1997) : 485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/proer1988.25.485.

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LeBlanc, Larry. « The Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Protocol to the American Convention and its Background ». Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 10, n^o 2 (juin 1992) : 130–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016934419201000203.

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Zawadzki, Piotr W. « Rynek pracy a przemiany społeczne i gospodarcze w świecie post-pandemicznym ». Studia Politologiczne, n^o 2/2022(65) (18 septembre 2022) : 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/spolit.2022.65.4.

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The pandemic is an accelerator of economic, technological and social changes. Despite pessimistic forecasts, Poland went unscathed by the pandemic crisis, which is the general conclusion of the article. This is evidenced both by economic data and market statistics. The first part of the article focuses on the economic background of the changes. The second one diagnoses the state of the Polish labor market, which is the main subject of the article. In the following sections author analyses the social consequences of the crisis, and on this basis, draws conclusions about the prospects of the Polish labor market after the pandemic.

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Hoseinian, Foad. « Passing-on Damages and Community Antitrust Policy – An Economic Background ». World Competition 28, Issue 1 (1 mars 2005) : 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2005002.

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Basic economic tools of analysis imply that overcharges imposed by cartels or monopolists are not entirely, if at all, absorbed by their direct purchasers. The harm is instead inflicted upon actors in an indeterminable number of submarkets. The net effect varies depending on the time scope, the nature of competition in the downstream markets and on the proportion of demand-supply elasticity in those markets. Under EC antitrust law it is unclear whether this so-called passing-on reasoning should be accepted in private litigations. The eventual answer will constitute a major policy choice for EC antitrust law in general. Assuming that competition law ought to enhance overall social welfare, a theoretic model can be borrowed from relevant US literature to gain an understanding of how the damage remedy should be contemplated within the system of EC antitrust law and how the passing-on question should be dealt with.

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Stamer, Naja Buono. « Moral conventions in food consumption and their relationship to consumers’ social background ». Journal of Consumer Culture 18, n^o 1 (5 octobre 2016) : 202–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469540516668224.

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The purpose of this article is to examine how social background influences the way people evaluate and justify their food consumption. Theoretically, the article combines Bourdieu’s theory of class-based practices with Boltanski and Thévenot’s theory of situated judgement in order to better understand how social class and moral values are connected. Empirically, the article analyses how social class might constrain or enable certain types of justification for food consumption. Using quantitative data on Danish food consumers’ attitudes to food, shopping and cooking, together with information on their social background, the analysis investigates the relation between consumers’ use of five orders of worth (Civic, Industrial, Inspired, Domestic and Health, and Market) and their cultural, economic and social capital as well as socio-demographic background. The main results are that four of the orders of worth (Civic, Industrial, Inspired and Market) are strongly related to consumers’ cultural capital, and to some extent social capital, but not to economic capital. Other background variables such as age and gender also influence which consumers adhere to different food evaluation criteria. The results support the notion that plural moralities are at play in food consumption, especially within groups with high cultural capital.

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Zwier, Dieuwke, Sara Geven et Herman G. van de Werfhorst. « Social inequality in shadow education : The role of high-stakes testing ». International Journal of Comparative Sociology 61, n^o 6 (décembre 2020) : 412–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020715220984500.

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Against the background of the worldwide expansion of shadow education, research shows that students from high socio-economic status (SES) backgrounds participate more in shadow education than students from disadvantaged SES backgrounds. We relate these social inequalities in shadow education participation to institutional features of educational systems. More specifically, we argue that the effect of socio-economic background on participation in shadow education will be stronger in countries characterized by high-stakes testing. Using data from the Programme for International Student Assessment for the year 2012 (PISA 2012), we show that higher SES students participate more in shadow education. For three out of four indicators of shadow education, this relationship is stronger in countries that are characterized by high-stakes testing but only when accounting for unobserved country differences.

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Golia, Angelo Jr, et Gunther Teubner. « Societal Constitutionalism : Background, Theory, Debates ». ICL Journal 15, n^o 4 (10 novembre 2021) : 357–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icl-2021-0023.

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Abstract The article provides a systematic outline and refinement of societal constitutionalism (SC), one of the frameworks emerged in contemporary legal theory to analyse constitutional phenomena. After an introduction in Section 1, Section 2 summarises SC’s theoretical background, namely the debates on the Economic Constitution (2.1), legal pluralism (2.2), systems theory (2.3), and the work of David Sciulli (2.4). Section 3 explains SC’s analytical limb, which on the one hand criticises some tenets of state-centred constitutionalism (3.1); and on the other hand identifies functions, arenas, processes, and structures of a constitutionalised social system (3.2). Section 4 turns to SC’s normative limb, pointing to some constitutional strategies that increase social systems’ capacities of self-limitation (4.1); and develop a law of inter-constitutional collisions (4.2). Section 5 addresses the main competing approaches and criticisms, which are based on state-centred constitutionalism (5.1); on international/global constitutionalism (5.2); and on contestatory/material constitutionalism (5.3).

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Balanchuk, I. S. « Social innovation in traditional Norway : background and features ». Science, technologies, innovation, n^o 4(12) (2020) : 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35668/2520-6524-2019-4-07.

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When we hear someone say “Norway”, in the imagination immediately emerges pictures of the ideal world: fairytale houses, bright green grass, picturesque nature, incredible fjords and wealthy and happy people. All in all, the above is the case in traditional Norway. This northwestern kingdom is perhaps the only state of its kind in which economic and political reforms are perfectly combined with social change and the evolutionary stages of civil society, giving what we now call the “ideal of socialism” model. However, it is quite obvious that the path to such a model was quite difficult; the Norwegians received their “ideal” state, through a total restructuring of their own consciousness, the creation of a unique system of upbringing of the younger generation, the belief in the common future of every Norwegian, which is both unique for each and for all. It is harder for a person who is not accustomed to hearing such postulates and, moreover, to live by following them, to grasp the whole content of these ideas. However, to make it easier to understand, there is only one fact: the gap between the very rich and the very poor in Norway is the lowest in the world. However, in Norway there is no such thing as “very poor”. Like the “very rich” by the way. Every Norwegian lives in the community, following the ten so-called “Yanté laws”, according to which “you, as an individual, do not exist; there is only a collective organism”. And as in every normal healthy organism, all the components cooperate together for the sake of further health of that organism. Amazingly? Yes. Radically? Yes. But does it work? Yes. Following this logic, the Norwegians have built a practically ideal place where all migrants and the needy want to live. Norway has become a kind of “Eldorado” for residents of third and, what to hide, second world countries. The author suggests in this study to familiarize with the main components of Norwegian “ideal socialism”, the preconditions that prompted the government to move in one way or another, as well as to list some of the most significant socially oriented innovative projects in Norway.

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Pisarski, Marcin. « Polish autonomous nationalism against the background of social movement theory ». Review of Nationalities 12, n^o 1 (1 décembre 2022) : 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pn-2022-0003.

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Abstract The purpose of this article is to analyze autonomous nationalism as a new social movement. This current of nationalism, which emerged at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, is characterized by a radical rejection of liberal democracy, as well as the ideology of the New Left. As a result of the analysis of the published content, it was possible to conclude that autonomous nationalism is a formula of nationalism as a movement of resistance to the establishment, adapted to the conditions of the 21st century. Economic conditions also influence the success of this social nationalism, which is inspired by the political thought of Otto Strasser. Autonomous nationalism is a novelty on the Polish far right also because of its rejection of Catholicism, as well as the formula of cultural nationalism associated with the national-Catholic current. Instead, a commitment to the ethnic concept of the nation as a ‘community of blood’ is noticeable in the movement under study. This goes hand in hand with the new neopaganism popular in the milieu.

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Varvarigos, Dimitrios, et Guangyi Xin. « SOCIAL DISTANCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ». Macroeconomic Dynamics 24, n^o 4 (15 novembre 2018) : 860–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100518000512.

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We show that path dependency in economic development can emerge in a model where social distance affects capital accumulation. This effect works through the impact of social interactions on individuals’ incentives to invest. Social distance evolves intergenerationally, as the process of social interactions with people from different backgrounds generates familiarity and experiences that are bequeathed to the next generation, thus shaping their perceptions and opinions about “outsiders.” A key result is the possibility of alienation among people who belong to different groups, if social distance is above a threshold. The initial conditions with respect to social distance and the capital stock can both be critical in determining the economy’s long-term prospects.

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Zhu, Zhu. « Research on the Economic History of Dali in the Late Ming Dynasty under the Background of Social Transformation ». BCP Business & ; Management 13 (16 novembre 2021) : 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v13i.67.

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The Ming dynasty was one of the most prosperous dynasties in ancient China and one of the most distinctive and important periods in the history of Chinese feudal society. The late Ming dynasty was an important turning point in social and economic development. In the context of social transformation, the development of commercial agriculture caused structural changes in the agricultural economy and rural society; the prosperity of regional commercial trade, the growth of merchant power and the formation of inter-regional market networks created a new stage in the development of regional commerce. This paper examines the economic development of the Dali region in the late Ming dynasty from a regional perspective against the backdrop of social transformations, taking into account the economic development of the region in the late Ming dynasty in terms of factor inputs and outputs of economic activities, foreign trade and commercial development, and finance and finance. The findings of this paper can provide a reference for deepening the study of regional economic history and promoting regional economic development.

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Evstafiev, Dmitry G., et Lubov A. Tsyganova. « After Post-Modernity : Discussion Points Against the Background of Global Transformations ». RUDN Journal of Political Science 25, n^o 2 (30 juin 2023) : 293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2023-25-2-293-307.

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The transition of the basically local military-political crisis in the Western Eurasia into the real focus of global geopolitical transformations and civilizational confrontation. That has brought to the agenda the issue of degradation of the principles of universalities that were the basis for globalization in both: socio-political and socio-economic spheres thus demonstrating deepening interaction between them. The world is facing the perspective of competition of different models of development and their political and social localization that reflect the specifics of social-economic environment. The fact that global transformations became the result of interaction of the objective and subjective, contextual factors as well as sometimes were brought to reality through the interaction of political leaders brings us to the conclusion that the world is nowadays within the transitional era that contains several points of bifurcation of political nature that in turn drive for different models of socioeconomic development. The sharp nature of ongoing transformations reflects the situation when most of the paradigms and instrumental models that were regarded as axiomatically universal like institutional governance and representative democracy started to lose their relevance as political and socio-political management tools. The same is true about a bulk of global economic tools such as the universal protected nature of economic interdependence and international trade. But all that was the basis for the globalization. The system of global political and economic relations that has resided quite recently in the environment of nearly total universality started to lose synergy and integrity while forming complex localized formats in which political and socio-cultural factors play the leading role ahead of economic basis and socio-economic relationships. The research drives to the conclusion on the possibility of emergence of the two competing models claiming a global status the specifics of interaction between them and the key differences between them.

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