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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Small wind system »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 9 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 11 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Small wind system"

P, Senthilkumar. « Hybrid based Small Wind Generator with Boost Converter System ». International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 23, n^o 4 (20 décembre 2019) : 605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v23i4/pr190395.

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Carr, David, et Kenneth Starcher. « Small Wind Power Considerations ». Journal of Green Building 4, n^o 2 (1 mai 2009) : 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.4.2.1.

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Wind energy can be a supplemental source of energy to an electric grid or the complete power supply for an isolated source. It produces no waste particulate matter, uses no water for cooling, and contributes no green house gasses to the environment. A short description of the Alternative Energy Institute, at West Texas A&M University, and the basics of wind energy as well as some discussion of home scale wind systems are presented here. The uses of wind energy and many of the basic concerns and considerations of placing wind energy conversion systems on or near primary structures are discussed. The basic plan for a renewable energy system inclusion into a home or building is shown; it is always preferable to reduce the energy load and ensure that the structure will use energy as efficiently as possible before a system is designed. Current federal support for renewables is at a new high, and the source for local and regional description of programs is shown.

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ASO, Toshiyuki, Katsuya IIDA, Toshiya TANAKA, Akihiro UNNO, Keisuke HAYASAKA, Kneji HORIUCHI et Kazuichi SEKI. « A104 Experimental study on small wind turbine generation system under real wind condition system ». Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2010.15 (2010) : 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2010.15.9.

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Mo, Qiu Yun, Shuai Shuai Li, Fei Deng, Liang Bao Tang et Ke Yan Zhang. « Key Technology of LCA on Small Wind Power Generation System ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 571-572 (juin 2014) : 925–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.571-572.925.

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Many domestic and international scholars carried on LCA method research to wind power generation system, but generally focused on the large megawatt wind power generation system rather than SWPGS Small Wind Power Generation Systems (power rating less than 1kw).The different structural between large wind turbine and small wind turbine led to the different system boundaries and evaluation models in LCA. So this paper puts forward to establish LCA database based on Geographical Information System (GIS) and establish evaluation model based on Agent-based Modeling (ABM) method, which can provide references for LCA direction of the further deeper follow-up research.

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Al Mubarok, Abdul Goffar, Wisnu Djatmiko et Muhammad Yusro. « Design of Arduino-based small wind power generation system ». E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018) : 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186701006.

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Wind energy is a less-attended renewable energy due to the lack of information about its potential. Some pilot wind turbines were not managed properly and built without considering to the technical feasibility. This study aims to propose a preliminary design of an Arduino-based small wind power generation system. The electricity which is generated by the wind charges the battery. It supplies power of information system which transmits the data of wind speed and wind direction from the remote location to the web server through GPRS network. The remote location which is completed with mobile data coverage is essential for this study. The results of this study are (1) the battery charging stop automatically when the battery is full (2) the data of wind speed and wind direction can be accessed through web browser or Android Smartphone. The data can be used for further analysis to determine the potential of wind energy at the site.

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Hsiao, Yung Chia. « Control and System Integration of a Small Vertical-Axis Wind Rotor Coupled a Generator Having Two Windings ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (janvier 2013) : 1072–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.1072.

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Increase in the efficiency of a small vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) elevates its potential that compares with a horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT). The efficiency does not only depend on the power coefficient of the wind rotor but also on the efficiency of the generator. A permanent magnet synchronous generator having two windings keeps high efficiency in both of low rotor speed regime and high rotor speed regime. To maximize the electricity output of the VAWT, this study directly coupled a generator having 1kW winding and 3kW winding with a straight wing vertical-axis wind rotor as a 4kW VAWT. Meanwhile, system integration and control systems of the wind power system were developed to make sure the operation and the safety of the VAWT. The average efficiency of the wind power system is 0.32 through field tests. The results demonstrated that the small VAWT has the same potential in comparison with two small HAWTs via using the electrical generator having two windings.

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IWAKAWA, Akira, Takeshi OSUKA, Tatsuro SHODA, Akihiro SASOH et Hiromitsu KAWAZOE. « Ring-Force Balance System for Small Wind Tunnels ». TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES, AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY JAPAN 13 (2015) : 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/tastj.13.51.

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�ERNELI�, Jernej. « Control for Grid Connected Small Wind Turbine System ». PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, n^o 5 (5 mai 2015) : 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/48.2015.05.39.

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Qi, Zhiyuan, et Eerduntaokesu Lin. « Integrated power control for small wind power system ». Journal of Power Sources 217 (novembre 2012) : 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.06.039.

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Kitajima, Takahiro, et Takashi Yasuno. « Maximum power control system for small wind turbine using predicted wind speed ». IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering 10, n^o 1 (25 novembre 2014) : 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tee.22065.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Small wind system"

Taylor, Jennifer M. « The characteristics and perception of small wind system noise ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12614/.

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The UK has committed to sourcing 15% of its energy from renewable sources by 2020 and wind turbines have the potential to contribute towards this target. Due to the Feed-In-Tariffs introduced by the UK Government in 2010, the potential uptake of micro-generation methods such as small wind is likely to increase. However, many barriers exist which prevent widespread implementation, such as noise concerns. There is little work available in the open literature quantifying the problem because much of the existing research focuses on large scale turbines. The need for an increase in interdisciplinary research in this area has also been called for. This research fills the gap in the literature by seeking to better understand the noise levels generated by small wind systems, the characteristics of the noise and people’s reactions to this noise. The research is interdisciplinary, incorporating engineering, to measure, characterise and model the noise from small wind systems and psychology, to identify the type of people who are most likely to perceive the noise. Environmental noise measurements have been taken at small wind system installations to quantify and characterise the noise levels. This work included an assessment of the attenuation of the noise. Studies have been carried out on individuals living close to small wind system installations, as well as individuals being played recordings of wind turbine noise to investigate the level and type of noise they perceive and to link this to an individual’s attitude towards wind turbines, personality traits and symptom reporting. CFD has been used to model the flow fields around 2D blade sections to identify the likely noise mechanisms associated with small wind systems by observing the turbulent regions near the aerofoil wall. Finally, a comparison of the three methods has been carried out to identify that the overall level of small wind system noise is low but it is the nature of the sounds that increase the likely perception of the noise.

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Ferrigno, Kevin J. (Kevin James). « Challenges and strategies for increasing adoption of small wind turbines in urban areas ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59240.

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Thesis (S.M. in System Design and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, June 2010.
"May 2010." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-80).
A student group at MIT in cooperation with the MIT Department of Facilities is currently working to install a Skystream 3.7 wind turbine on MIT's campus. This has raised several questions about how to best develop small wind projects in urban environments. The best wind resources in the country exist in relatively remote locations and require large investments in electricity transmission infrastructure to be effectively utilized. In the meantime, several large and small projects have been developed in the Boston area. The urban environment presents many challenges to development including the interaction of urban buildings with wind flow, concerns from neighbors and government over the aesthetics and safety of turbines that are installed near human populations, environmental effects including wildlife, noise, and shadows. There are also many opportunities including the ability to use net metering, little or no transmission infrastructure costs, and the ability to build on existing wind resource data and project assessments to develop a large number of installations. This document presents an overview of how the challenges of small wind turbine development in urban, suburban, and rural neighborhoods are currently being addressed by research in new and improved technology for turbines and siting, business strategies of existing companies, financing, and government policy. It looks at the strategy options available to businesses involved development of small wind turbines and evaluates the relative strengths and weaknesses of these strategies in a rapidly changing marketplace.
by Kevin Ferrigno.
S.M.in System Design and Management

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Ehlers, P., CG Richards et DV Nicolae. « Small power, three to one phase matrix converter for wind generators ». International Review of Electrical Engineering, 2013. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001152.

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This paper investigates the concept of an isolated small wind power system based on a three-phase generator and a direct ac-to-ac conversion. The ac-to-ac conversion is performed by a matrix converter and thus removing the need of a large smoothing capacitor in the typical rectifier-inverter solution. The paper is briefly presenting the operation for a particular topology of a three-phase to single-phase matrix converter. The control of this conversion ensures system’s frequency and voltage stability. Simulation results and practical results are presented to validate the frequency and voltage regulation of the isolated power system.

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Ahmed-Mahmoud, Ashraf. « Power conditioning unit for small scale hybrid PV-wind generation system ». Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/580/.

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Small-scale renewable energy systems are becoming increasingly popular due to soaring fuel prices and due to technological advancements which reduce the cost of manufacturing. Solar and wind energies, among other renewable energy sources, are the most available ones globally. The hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and wind power system has a higher capability to deliver continuous power with reduced energy storage requirements and therefore results in better utilization of power conversion and control equipment than either of the individual sources. Power conditioning units (p.c.u.) for such small-scale hybrid PV-wind generation systems have been proposed in this study. The system was connected to the grid, but it could also operate in standalone mode if the grid was unavailable. The system contains a local controller for every energy source and the grid inverter. Besides, it contains the supervisory controller. For the wind generator side, small-scale vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are attractive due to their ability to capture wind from different directions without using a yaw. One difficulty with VAWTs is to prevent over-speeding and component over-loading at excessive wind velocities. The proposed local controller for the wind generator is based on the current and voltage measured on the dc side of the rectifier connected to the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control is provided in normal operation under the rated speed using a dc/dc boost converter. For high wind velocities, the suggested local controller controls the electric power in order to operate the turbine in the stall region. This high wind velocity control strategy attenuates the stress in the system while it smoothes the power generated. It is shown that the controller is able to stabilize the nonlinear system using an adaptive current feedback loop. Simulation and experimental results are presented. The PV generator side controller is designed to work in systems with multiple energy sources, such as those studied in this thesis. One of the most widely used methods to maximize the output PV power is the hill climbing technique. This study gives guidelines for designing both the perturbation magnitude and the time interval between consecutive perturbations for such a technique. These guidelines would improve the maximum power point tracking efficiency. According to these guidelines, a variable step MPPT algorithm with reduced power mode is designed and applied to the system. The algorithm is validated by simulation and experimental results. A single phase H-bridge inverter is proposed to supply the load and to connect the grid. Generally, a current controller injects active power with a controlled power factor and constant dc link voltage in the grid connected mode. However, in the standalone mode, it injects active power with constant ac output voltage and a power factor which depends on the load. The current controller for both modes is based on a newly developed peak current control (p.c.c.) with selective harmonic elimination. A design procedure has been proposed for the controller. Then, the method was demonstrated by simulation. The problem of the dc current injection to the grid has been investigated for such inverters. The causes of dc current injection are analyzed, and a measurement circuit is then proposed to control the inverter for dc current injection elimination. Characteristics of the proposed method are demonstrated, using simulation and experimental results. At the final stage of the study, a supervisory controller is demonstrated, which manages the different operating states of the system during starting, grid-connected and standalone modes. The operating states, designed for every mode, have been defined in such a hybrid model to allow stability and smooth transition between these states. The supervisory controller switches the system between the different modes and states according to the availability of the utility grid, renewable energy generators, the state of charge (SOC) of energy storage batteries, and the load. The p.c.u. including the supervisory controller has been verified in the different modes and states by simulation.

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Dalala', Zakariya Mahmoud. « Design and Analysis of a Small-Scale Wind Energy Conversion System ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51846.

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This dissertation aims to present detailed analysis of the small scale wind energy conversion system (WECS) design and implementation. The dissertation will focus on implementing a hardware prototype to be used for testing different control strategies applied to small scale WECSs. Novel control algorithms will be proposed to the WECS and will be verified experimentally in details. The wind turbine aerodynamics are presented and mathematical modeling is derived which is used then to build wind simulator using motor generator (MG) set. The motor is torque controlled based on the turbine mathematical model and the generator is controlled using the power electronic conversion circuits. The power converter consists of a three phase diode bridge followed by a boost converter. The small signal modeling for the motor, generator, and power converter are presented in details to help building the needed controllers. The main objectives of the small scale WECS controller are discussed. This dissertation focuses on two main regions of wind turbine operation: the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) region operation and the stall region operation. In this dissertation, the concept of MPPT is investigated, and a review of the most common MPPT algorithms is presented. The advantages and disadvantaged of each method will be clearly outlined. The practical implementation limitation will be also considered. Then, a MPPT algorithm for small scale wind energy conversion systems will be proposed to solve the common drawback of the conventional methods. The proposed algorithm uses the dc current as the perturbing variable and the dc link voltage is considered as a degree of freedom that will be utilized to enhance the performance of the proposed algorithm. The algorithm detects sudden wind speed changes indirectly through the dc link voltage slope. The voltage slope is also used to enhance the tracking speed of the algorithm and to prevent the generator from stalling under rapid wind speed slow down conditions. The proposed method uses two modes of operation: A perturb and observe (PandO) mode with adaptive step size under slow wind speed fluctuation conditions, and a prediction mode employed under fast wind speed change conditions. The dc link capacitor voltage slope reflects the acceleration information of the generator which is then used to predict the next step size and direction of the current command. The proposed algorithm shows enhanced stability and fast tracking capability under both high and low rate of change wind speed conditions and is verified using a 1.5-kW prototype hardware setup. This dissertation deals also with the WECS control design under over power and over speed conditions. The main job of the controller is to maintain MPPT while the wind speed is below rated value and to limit the electrical power and mechanical speed to be within the system ratings when the wind speed is above the rated value. The concept of stall region and stall control is introduced and a stability analysis for the overall system is derived and presented. Various stall region control techniques are investigated and a new stall controller is proposed and implemented. Two main stall control strategies are discussed in details and implemented: the constant power stall control and the constant speed stall control. The WECS is expected to work optimally under different wind speed conditions. The system should be designed to handle both MPPT control and stall region control at the same time. Thus, the control transition between the two modes of operation is of vital interest. In this dissertation, the light will be shed on the control transition optimization and stabilization between different operating modes. All controllers under different wind speed conditions and the transition controller are designed to be blind to the system parameters pre knowledge and all are mechanical sensorless, which highlight the advantage and cost effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. The proposed control method is experimentally validated using the WECS prototype developed. Finally, the proposed control strategies in different regions of operation will be successfully applied to a battery charger application, where the constraints of the wind energy battery charger control system will be analyzed and a stable and robust control law will be proposed to deal with different operating scenarios.
Ph. D.

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Stander, Johan Nico. « The specification of a small commercial wind energy conversion system for the South African Antarctic Research Base SANAE IV ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1583.

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Thesis (MScEng (Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
The sustainability and economy of the current South African National Antarctic Expedition IV (SANAE IV) base diesel-electric power system are threatened by the current high fuel prices and the environmental pollution reduction obligations. This thesis presents the potential technical, environmental and economical challenges associated with the integration of small wind energy conversion system (WECS) with the current SANAE IV diesel fuelled power system. Criteria derived from technical, environmental and economic assessments are applied in the evaluation of eight commercially available wind turbines as to determine the most technically and economically feasible candidates. Results of the coastal Dronning Maud Land and the local Vesleskarvet cold climate assessments based on long term meteorological data and field data are presented. Field experiments were performed during the 2007-2008 austral summer. These results are applied in the generation of a wind energy resource map and in the derivation of technical wind turbine evaluation criteria. The SANAE IV energy system and the electrical grid assessments performed are based on long term fuel consumption records and 2008 logged data. Assessment results led to the identification of SANAE IV specific avoidable wind turbine grid integration issues. Furthermore, electro-technical criteria derived from these results are applied in the evaluation of the eight selected wind turbines. Conceptual wind turbine integration options and operation modes are also suggested. Wind turbine micro-siting incorporating Vesleskarvet specific climatological, environmental and technical related issues are performed. Issues focusing on wind turbine visual impact, air traffic interference and the spatial Vesleskarvet wind distribution are analysed. Three potential sites suited for the deployment of a single or, in the near future, a cluster of small wind turbines are specified. Economics of the current SANAE IV power system based on the South African economy (May 2008) are analysed. The life cycle economic impact associated with the integration of a small wind turbine with the current SANAE IV power system is quantified. Results of an economic sensitivity analysis are used to predict the performance of the proposed wind-diesel power systems. All wind turbines initially considered will recover their investment costs within 20 years and will yield desirable saving as a result of diesel fuel savings, once integrated with the SANAE IV diesel fuelled power system. Finally, results of the technical and economical evaluation of the selected commercially available wind turbines indicated that the Proven 6 kWrated, Bergey 10 kWrated and Fortis 10 kWrated wind turbines are the most robust and will yield feasible savings.

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Wang, Xuntuo. « Physical modeling of wind turbine generators in a small scale analog system ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90168.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.
24
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Title as it appears in June 6, 2014 commencement exercises program: Analysis of stability and dynamics of double-fed induction machines in the wind turbine system.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 76-77)
This project represents the physical modeling and experimental test of a Doubly-fed Induction Machine (DFIM), in order to substantially analyze the characteristic behaviors of wind turbines and its use in the micro-grid network. The environment set-up is based on a smart micro-grid system, which consists of the grid, a diesel generator, a solar panel, and a wind farm. The hardware work includes the design of a 2.5kW inverter and a L-C-L grid filter (including inductor design and construction). The goal of this research is to better emulate the operation principles of wind turbine system. Future work proposes developing a better control method to improve the stability and reliability of the wind turbine system. Keywords: DFIM, micro-grid, space vector PWM, DTC-SVM, back-to-back inverter, inductor design, and grid filter.
by Xuntuo Wang.
S.M.

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De, Klerk Martinus Gerhardus. « Development of a simulation model for a small scale renewable energy system / Martinus Gerhardus de Klerk ». Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8731.

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In this dissertation I present my approach and findings regarding the development of a simulation model for a small scale renewable energy system. A brief introduction provides the reader with the background as to why there is a need for such a simulation package. The project objectives, research methodology and the research contributions originating from the project is also described. A literature study was done on all the relevant technologies constituting the renewable energy system as well as the techniques required to model the system. A system breakdown identified the various sub modules as well as how they interface with each other. The simulation model was tested by using Alexander bay, South Africa, as a case study. The results obtained from the various modules were discussed and found to correlate with what was expected. Although not contained within the project’s scope, an additional analysis of the effect of the wind data’s resolution on the probable power output of a wind turbine was performed leading to a hypothesis regarding the estimation of a more accurate probable power output extrapolation from data with a coarse resolution.
Thesis (MIng (Computer and Electronic Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

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Cozens, Nicola J. « Development of a sophisticated tool for siting small-scale, embedded wind projects using a geographical information system ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12690.

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The aim of the research is to produce a methodology for the siting of small-scale, embedded wind generators, and implement this within a commercial software package designed to use existing digital data sets. There is a widespread opportunity to exploit smaller size developments, but potentially large numbers of suitable sites means that an automated screening process is essential. Much of the information required for such a siting study is spatial in nature and hence the site identification process can be facilitated using a geographical information system - GIS. The literature has revealed a number of GIS-based assessments, but these have concentrated on large wind farms, and have been undertaken at relatively coarse resolution. In contrast, this research has produced a much more sophisticated tool, allowing analysis at much finer resolution and encompassing a wider range of relevant factors. An attractive site for a wind turbine development requires more than just a suitable wind resource; factors such as environmental acceptability, public safety, physical constraints such as land use and impact on the electricity supply system will all determine the potential of a site. Constraints and parameters have been derived describing these factors and from these algorithms and inference rules have been developed. These have been coded up for use with a proprietary GIS package, producing a tool that can be widely applied. In particular, it has been demonstrated for a test region in Shropshire, UK. A particular emphasis of this study is the consideration of the impact on the electricity network. Relatively, few small installations have been connected to the national electricity grid in the UK; there is a range of reasons for this, a lack of suitable siting tool being one. Connection to the 11 kV network has been assumed given its relevance to smaller scale installations. This can result in a lower grid connection cost than for typical large-scale wind farm arrangements, for which connection usually represents a major element in the overall project costs. Often these low voltage lines are weak (i.e. susceptible to voltage variation), especially in remote rural areas. An appraisal of the impact of such embedded generators is important and is an intrinsic part of the methodology presented and implemented here.

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Mandefro, Bezie Yalewayker. « Feasibility Study of Small Hydropower/PV/Wind Hybrid System for Off-Grid Electrification of Liben and MedaWoulabu Villages ». Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23841.

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According to the International Energy Agency 2016 statistics, Ethiopia is among the lowest countries in annual electricity consumption, 70 KWh/capita. Rural areas hold more than 80% of the country’s population and less than 30% of them have been electrified. Most of the population (the rural areas) still predominantly depend on traditional biomass energy sources for cooking and heating, and household lights are provided mainly by kerosene and biomass including this study area, Tadacha Rarasa, which consist of 4100 households with 6 members, totally 24,600 people[1, 2]. The feasibility study of hybrid system consisting of small Hydro, PV, Wind and Battery is carried out using HOMER as a tool for optimization and sensitivity analysis. TURBNPRO software also assists for the optimization of the small hydropower which is suggested to utilize the 2.2 m3/s ecological flow of the Genale 3 multipurpose hydropower plant’s reservoir. The wind speed and solar radiation data of the site is collected from NASA. Then, the wind speed, solar radiation, electric load and hydro data is input to HOMER in their respective appropriate format for simulation and analysis of the proposed hybrid system. Electric loads of the community is estimated bearing in mind the irrigation, fishery and other opportunities which will arise after the multipurpose project completion in addition to basic household demands. The daily average estimated residential consumption by each family is 9.118 kWh and the daily average total energy consumption per person is 1.872 kWh. After optimization and sensitivity analysis using HOMER, several different feasible configurations of Hydro, PV, Wind and Battery hybrid system has been displayed with a range of 0.049 to 0.067 $/kWh cost of energy. The optimum configuration becomes Hydro/PV/Battery hybrid system with 0.049 $/kWh levelized COE which is closer to the national energy tariff, 0.032 USD/kWh. The optimum Hydro/PV/Battery hybrid system generates annually 18,647,372 kWh with 0.18% capacity shortage and 0.15% unmet load. The hydropower supports the base load and the PV supplies for the peak load demand in the daytime which shares 19% of the total electric production.

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Livres sur le sujet "Small wind system"

C, Howard Brian, dir. Build your own small wind power system. New York : McGraw-Hill, 2012.

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Shea, Kevin. Build your own small wind power system. New York : McGraw-Hill, 2012.

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Todd, R. W. Small wind energy systems. Machynlleth (Powys) : Centre for Alternative Technology, 1993.

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Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Clearinghouse (U.S.), dir. Small wind energy systems for the homeowner. Merrifield, VA : Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Clearinghouse, 1997.

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Simon, Dunnett, Piggott Hugh et Intermediate Technology Development Group, dir. Small wind systems for rural energy services. London : ITDG Pub., 2003.

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Thomas, Newell. Introduction to small wind systems : Basic operating principles. Washington, D.C : American Wind Energy Association, 1993.

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John, Twidell, et British Wind Energy Association, dir. A Guide to small wind energy conversion systems. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire] : Cambridge University Press, 1987.

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Roheim, Cathy A. Economic feasibility of small wind energy generator systems. Bozeman, Mont : Montana State University, Agricultural Economics & Economics Dept., 1985.

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Oregon. Dept. of Energy. et United States. Dept. of Energy., dir. Small wind electric systems : An Oregon consumer's guide. Salem, OR : Oregon Dept. of Energy, 2005.

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Small wind : Planning & building successful installations, with case studies from the field. Waltham, MA : Academic Press, 2013.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Small wind system"

Wood, David. « Generator and Electrical System ». Dans Small Wind Turbines, 227–50. London : Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84996-175-2_11.

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Bhiladvala, Rustom B., Elsa Assadian et Ali Etrati. « Small Scale Sensing for Wind Turbine Active Control System ». Dans Research Topics in Wind Energy, 103–8. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54696-9_15.

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Li, Peiqiang, Lu-Qi Jie, Zheng-Bang Xia et Cai-Jie Weng. « Influence of Wind Farm Access on System Small Signal Stability ». Dans Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 113–22. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5841-8_12.

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Wu, Rong-Ching, Yen-Ming Tseng, En-Chih Chang et Chih-Yang Hsiao. « Building of a Practical Monitoring System for the Small Wind Turbine ». Dans Advances in Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, 255–63. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63859-1_32.

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Cravens, T. E. « The Solar Wind Interaction with Non-Magnetic Bodies and the Role of Small-Scale Structures ». Dans Solar System Plasma Physics, 353–66. Washington, D. C. : American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm054p0353.

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Prabaakaran, K., R. Srividhya, R. Senthil Kumar, D. Hemanth Kumar, D. Mohan Raj et A. Sham Prabu. « Energy Management System for Small-Scale Hybrid Wind Solar Battery-Based Microgrid ». Dans International Conference on Computing, Communication, Electrical and Biomedical Systems, 493–501. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86165-0_42.

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Mad Zain, Mohd Nurhadi, Norzanah Rosmin, Nor Khairunnisa Sidek, Aede Hatib Musta’amal@Jamal, Maherah Hussin et Dalila Mat Said. « Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Battery Charger for a Small Wind Power System ». Dans Communications in Computer and Information Science, 39–52. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6502-6_4.

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Mazur, Damian, Lesław Gołębiowski, Andrzej Smoleń, Marek Gołębiowski et Zygmunt Szczerba. « Modeling and Analysis of the AFPM Generator in a Small Wind Farm System ». Dans Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 202–10. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11187-8_16.

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Du, Wenjuan, Haifeng Wang et Siqi Bu. « Small-Signal Stability of a Power System with a VSWG Affected by the PLL ». Dans Small-Signal Stability Analysis of Power Systems Integrated with Variable Speed Wind Generators, 201–41. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94168-4_6.

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Du, Wenjuan, Haifeng Wang et Siqi Bu. « Linearized Model of a Power System with a Grid-Connected Variable Speed Wind Generator ». Dans Small-Signal Stability Analysis of Power Systems Integrated with Variable Speed Wind Generators, 27–62. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94168-4_2.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Small wind system"

Ehlers, Pieter, Coneth G. Richards et Dan V. Nicolae. « Isolated Small Wind Power System ». Dans Power and Energy Systems. Calgary,AB,Canada : ACTAPRESS, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2011.714-098.

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Schaf, Frederico M., Claiton M. Franchi, Humberto Pinheiro, Andre J. Ramos et Juliano Grigulo. « Small wind turbine communication system implementation ». Dans 2015 International Conference on Smart Grid and Clean Energy Technologies (ICSGCE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsgce.2015.7454289.

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Olaofe, Z. O., et K. A. Folly. « Energy storage technologies for small scale wind conversion system ». Dans 2012 IEEE Power Electronics and Machines in Wind Applications (PEMWA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pemwa.2012.6316391.

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Zdenko Simic et Vladimir Mikulicic. « Small wind off-grid system optimization regarding wind turbine power curve ». Dans AFRICON 2007. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2007.4401601.

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Ioakimidis, Christos S., Fivos Galatoulas et Robert R. Porter. « Evaluation of Small Modular Wind Energy Conversion System ». Dans 7th International Conference on Smart Cities and Green ICT Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006774502780285.

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Harrouz, Abdulkader, Ilhami Colak et Korhan Kayisli. « Control of a small wind turbine system application ». Dans 2016 IEEE International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrera.2016.7884509.

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Myschik, S., M. Heller, F. Holzapfel et G. Sachs. « Low-Cost Wind Measurement System For Small Aircraft ». Dans AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-5240.

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Ma, Ning, et Qinzhi Zhai. « A multifunction testing system of small wind generator ». Dans 2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icems.2011.6073712.

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Lara-Mendoza, Oscar, Juan Carlos Jáuregui-Correa, Ernesto Chavero-Navarrete et José R. García-Martínez. « Methodology for the Pitch Controller Wind Prediction System in Small Wind Turbines ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2022 : Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-81874.

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Abstract Nowadays, it is necessary to generate electrical energy using renewable natural resources even when the wind is limited. Small wind turbines are required to operate even with turbulence due to operation height. In this research, a fuzzy logic controller for the angular position of the blades in a wind turbine is proposed. The pitch system regulates the rotational speed of the generator to keep it at a nominal value. The mechanics of a blade pitch system usually act slower than an electrical control signal, which causes problems when the blades need fast positioning. The need for a quick blade positioning response arises when wind gusts occur. Wind gusts are undesirable in all regions of wind turbine operation, making efficient pitch control a problem. This work develops the experimental platform on a small wind turbine located in Mexico at the Autonomous University of Queretaro (UAQ). The wind speed conditions in a non-steady-state regime are presented at the experimental site. A weather station meters ahead of the wind turbine anticipates the position of the rotor blade before being impacted. Results of this methodology prove that the rotor blades reach in advance the ideal position to receive air gusts. This methodology will contribute to the efficient and safe utilization of wind turbines with turbulent wind speeds.

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Amirul Bin Mohd Adnan, Wan Mohammad, Anees Bt Abdul Aziz et Lilysuriazna Binti Raya. « Feasibility Study of Wind Power Generation System Using Small Scale Wind Turbines ». Dans 2022 IEEE 10th Conference on Systems, Process & Control (ICSPC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icspc55597.2022.10001785.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Small wind system"

Author, Not Given. Small Wind Electric Systems : A Michigan Consumer's Guide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mars 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15015996.

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Author, Not Given. Small Wind Electric Systems : A Utah Consumer's Guide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mars 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15016008.

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Huijser, Marcel, E. R. Fairbank et K. S. Paul. Best Practices Manual to Reduce Animal-Vehicle Collisions and Provide Habitat Connectivity for Wildlife. Nevada Department of Transportation, septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2022.2.

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The goal for this manual is to provide practical information for the implementation of mitigation measures that aim to: 1. Improve human safety through reducing collisions with large animals, including large wild mammal species, select free roaming large feral species, and select free roaming large livestock species, and 2. Improve or maintain habitat connectivity for terrestrial wildlife species and selected feral species through safe crossing opportunities. This manual does not include all possible measures that can or may reduce animal-vehicle collisions and maintain or improve habitat connectivity for wildlife. The measures included in this manual are: Barriers (fences) in combination with crossing structures (for large wild mammals and for small wild animal species), roadside animal detection system, Barriers (fences), Barriers (fences) in combination with crossing structures (for free roaming livestock), and culling, relocation, anti-fertility treatment, roadside animal detection systems, barriers (fences), and barriers (fences) in combination with crossing structures (for large feral mammal species such as feral horses and burros).

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Author, Not Given. Small Wind Electric Systems : A Guide Produced for the Tennessee Valley Authority (Revised) (Brochure). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), juin 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15007775.

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edu, Janet twomey@wichita. Sustainable Energy Solutions Task 1.0 : Networked Monitoring and Control of Small Interconnected Wind Energy Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), avril 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/991638.

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Huijser, M. P., Robert J. Ament, M. Bell, A. P. Clevenger, E. R. Fairbank, K. E. Gunson et T. McGuire. Animal Vehicle Collision Reduction and Habitat Connectivity Pooled Fund Study – Literature Review. Nevada Department of Transportation, décembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2021.12.

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This report contains a summary of past research and new knowledge about the effectiveness of mitigation measures aimed at reducing animal-vehicle collisions and at providing safe crossing opportunities for wildlife. The measures are aimed at terrestrial large bodied wild mammal species, free roaming large livestock species (e.g. cattle, horses), free roaming large feral species (e.g. “wild” horses and burros), and small animal species (amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals). While mitigation is common, it is best to follow a three-step approach: avoidance, mitigation, and compensation or “off-site” mitigation. If reducing collisions with large wild mammals is the only objective, the most effective measures include roadside animal detection systems, wildlife culling, wildlife relocation, anti-fertility treatments, wildlife barriers (fences),and wildlife fences in combination with wildlife crossing structures. If the objectives also include maintaining or improving connectivity for large wild mammals, then wildlife barriers (fences) in combination with wildlife crossing structures are most effective. Measures for large domestic mammal species are largely similar, though for free roaming livestock there are legal, moral and ethical issues. For small animal species, temporary or permanent road closure and road removal are sometimes implemented, but barriers in combination with crossing structures are the most common.

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Forsyth, T. L., M. Pedden et T. Gagliano. Effects of Net Metering on the Use of Small-Scale Wind Systems in the United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15002481.

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Tanksley, Steven D., et Dani Zamir. Development and Testing of a Method for the Systematic Discovery and Utilization of Novel QTLs in the Production of Improved Crop Varieties : Tomato as a Model System. United States Department of Agriculture, juin 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570570.bard.

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Modern cultivated varieties carry only a small fraction of the variation present in the gene pool. The narrow genetic basis of modern crop plants is a result of genetic bottlenecks imposed during early domestication and modern plant breeding. The wild ancestors of most crop plants can still be found in their natural habitats and Germplasm Centers have been established to collect and maintain this material. These wild and unadapted resources can potentially fuel crop plant improvement efforts for many years into the future (Tanksley and McCouch 1997). Unfortunately, scientists have been unable to exploit the majority of the genetic potential warehoused in germplasm repositories. This is especially true as regards to the improvement of quantitative traits like yield and quality. One of the major problems is that much of the wild germplasm is inferior to modern cultivars for many of the quantitative traits that breeders would like to improve. Our research, focusing on the tomato as a model system, has shown that despite their inferior phenotypes, wild species are likely to contain QTLs that can substantially increase the yield and quality of elite cultivars (de Vicente and Tanksley 1992, Eshed and Zamir 1994, Eshed et al. 1996). Using novel population structures of introgression lines (ILs; Eshed and Zamir 1995) and advanced backcross lines (AB; Tanksley et al. 1996) we identified and introduced valuable QTLs from unadapted germplasm into elite processing tomato varieties. Populations involving crosses with five Lycopersicon species (L. pennellii (Eshed and Zamir 1994; Eshed et al. 1996; Eshed and Zamir 1996), L. hirsutum (Bernacchi et al. 1998), L. pimpinellifolium (Tanksley et al. 1996), L. parviflorum (unpub.), L. peruvianum (Fulton et al. 1997) have been field and laboratory tested in a number of locations around the world. QTLs from the wild parent were identified that improve one or more of the key quantitative traits for processing tomatoes (yield, brix, sugar and acid composition and earliness) by as much as 10-30%. Nearly isogenic lines (QTL-NILs) have been generated for a subset of these QTLs. Each QTL-NIL contains the entire genome of the elite cultivated parent except for a segment (5-40 cM) of the wild species genome corresponding to a specific QTL. The genetic material and information that was developed in this program is presently used by American and Israeli seed companies for the breeding of superior varieties. We expect that in the next few years these varieties will make a difference in the marketplace.

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Whitham, Steven A., Amit Gal-On et Tzahi Arazi. Functional analysis of virus and host components that mediate potyvirus-induced diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, mars 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7591732.bard.

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The mechanisms underlying the development of symptoms in response to virus infection remain to be discovered in plants. Insight into symptoms induced by potyviruses comes from evidence implicating the potyviral HC-Pro protein in symptom development. In particular, recent studies link the development of symptoms in infected plants to HC-Pro's ability to interfere with small RNA metabolism and function in plant hosts. Moreover, mutation of the highly conserved FRNK amino acid motif to FINK in the HC-Pro of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) converts a severe strain into an asymptomatic strain, but does not affect virus accumulation in cucurbit hosts. The ability of this FINK mutation to uncouple symptoms from virus accumulation creates a unique opportunity to study symptom etiology, which is usually confounded by simultaneous attenuation of both symptoms and virus accumulation. Our goal was to determine how mutations in the conserved FRNK motif affect host responses to potyvirus infection in cucurbits and Arabidopsis thaliana. Our first objective was to define those amino acids in the FRNK motif that are required for symptoms by mutating the FRNK motif in ZYMV and Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Symptom expression and accumulation of resulting mutant viruses in cucurbits and Arabidopsis was determined. Our second objective was to identify plant genes associated with virus disease symptoms by profiling gene expression in cucurbits and Arabidopsis in response to mutant and wild type ZYMV and TuMV, respectively. Genes from the two host species that are differentially expressed led us to focus on a subset of genes that are expected to be involved in symptom expression. Our third objective was to determine the functions of small RNA species in response to mutant and wild type HC-Pro protein expression by monitoring the accumulation of small RNAs and their targets in Arabidopsis and cucurbit plants infected with wild type and mutant TuMV and ZYMV, respectively. We have found that the maintenance of the charge of the amino acids in the FRNK motif of HC-Pro is required for symptom expression. Reduced charge (FRNA, FRNL) lessen virus symptoms, and maintain the suppression of RNA silencing. The FRNK motif is involved in binding of small RNA species including microRNAs (miRNA) and short interfering RNAs (siRNA). This binding activity mediated by the FRNK motif has a role in protecting the viral genome from degradation by the host RNA silencing system. However, it also provides a mechanism by which the FRNK motif participates in inducing the symptoms of viral infection. Small RNA species, such as miRNA and siRNA, can regulate the functions of plant genes that affect plant growth and development. Thus, this binding activity suggests a mechanism by which ZYMVHC-Pro can interfere with plant development resulting in disease symptoms. Because the host genes regulated by small RNAs are known, we have identified candidate host genes that are expected to play a role in symptoms when their regulation is disrupted during viral infections. As a result of this work, we have a better understanding of the FRNK amino acid motif of HC-Pro and its contribution to the functions of HC-Pro, and we have identified plant genes that potentially contribute to symptoms of virus infected plants when their expression becomes misregulated during potyviral infections. The results set the stage to establish the roles of specific host genes in viral pathogenicity. The potential benefits include the development of novel strategies for controlling diseases caused by viruses, methods to ensure stable expression of transgenes in genetically improved crops, and improved potyvirus vectors for expression of proteins or peptides in plants.

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Chaparro, Rodrigo, Maria Netto, Patricio Mansilla et Daniel Magallon. Energy Savings Insurance : Advances and Opportunities for Funding Small- and Medium-Sized Energy Efficiency and Distributed Generation Projects in Chile. Inter-American Development Bank, décembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002947.

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The Energy Savings Insurance Program seeks to promote investment in energy efficiency and distributed generation in Latin America, primarily through small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It focuses on developing an innovative scheme of guaranteed energy performance that mitigates project risk and generates investor confidence (ESI Model). The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) facilitates the development of the ESI Program in alliance with the National Development Banks (NDBs). The ESI Model includes a contract for the supply, installation, and maintenance of equipment for generating a stipulated amount of energy or energy savings over a specific time period; validation by an independent body; insurance coverage that backs the savings or the guaranteed energy generation; and project financing. This paper describes the main attributes of the ESI Model (the contract, the insurance, validation and financing), evaluates market potential and the most attractive technologies, and identifies the priority sectors for implementing projects in Chile. The most promising economic sectors were found to be the hospitality industry, food processing industry, grape growing/wine production, and the fishing industry, and the technologies of electric motors, boilers, air conditioning systems and photovoltaic solar generation. In each of these sectors, estimates were made of financing requirements as well as CO2 emission reductions that could be achieved.

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