Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Sistema di vigilanza »

The west coast of Sumatera island is one of potential areas of the earthquake and tsunami that requires high vigilance and preparedness seriously. One is the well-prepared-disaster logistics system. World Health Organization (WHO) has been divided into 10 categories of logistics, including the temporary shelter. The purpose of this study is to study attributes that should be required for the mosque as a shelter for victims of the earthquake and tsunami in Padang and provide recommendations to the government of Padang to prepare the mosque as a shelter. Formulation of mosque attributes as a shelter eligibility has been obtained through literature review and interviews. Attributes have been formulated in the form of questionnaires that filled out by prospective refugees of the earthquake and tsunami in Padang . Result of questionnaire has been used to build the House of Quality (HOQ). Furthermore, a SWOT analysis has been conducted to formulate a strategy for local government in an effort to empower mosques as shelters in Padang. This research has resulted 14 attributes of feasibility mosque as a shelter. Attributes divided into seven categories. Strategies that result based SWOT analysis have nine formulations that consists of two SO strategies, four WO strategies, two ST strategies, and one WT strategies. Implementation of this strategies required responsibility and cooperation between government, community, NGO, and leaders. Keywords: strategy, logistics, mosque, QFD, SWOT analysis AbstrakPantai barat pulau Sumatera merupakan salah satu potensi daerah gempa dan tsunami yang membutuhkan kewaspadaan tinggi dan kesiapan serius. Salah satunya adalah sistem logistik disiapkan bencana. Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) telah membagi menjadi 10 kategori logistik termasuk tempat penampungan sementara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari atribut yang harus diperlukan untuk masjid sebagai tempat penampungan bagi korban gempa dan tsunami di Padang dan memberikan rekomendasi kepada Pemerintah Kota Padang untuk menyiapkan masjid sebagai tempat berlindung. Perumusan masjid atribut sebagai kelayakan penampungan telah diperoleh melalui kajian pustaka dan wawancara. Atribut telah dirumuskan dalam bentuk kuesioner yang diisi oleh calon pengungsi dari gempa dan tsunami di Padang. Hasil kuesioner telah digunakan untuk membangun Rumah Kualitas (HOQ). Selain itu, analisis SWOT telah dilakukan untuk merumuskan strategi bagi pemerintah daerah dalam upaya memberdayakan masjid sebagai tempat penampungan di Padang. Penelitian ini telah menghasilkan 14 atribut kelayakan masjid sebagai tempat berlindung. Atribut dibagi menjadi tujuh kategori. Strategi yang hasil yang didasarkan analisis SWOT memiliki sembilan formulasi yang terdiri dari dua SO strategi, empat WO strategi, dua strategi ST, dan satu strategi WT. Pelaksanaan strategi ini diperlukan tanggung jawab dan kerjasama antara pemerintah, masyarakat, LSM, dan pemimpin.Kata Kunci : strategi, logistik, masjid, QFD, analisis SWOT

ABSTRAKPraktikum merupakan sebuah proses pengamatan, percobaan, dan pengujian terhadap materi mata kuliah yang didapatkan. Praktikum diadakan sebagai salah bentuk pencapaian proses pembelajaran suatu mata kuliah. Satu sks terdiri dari 170 menit pembelajaran perminggu dalam satu semester untuk aktivitas praktikum. Aktivitas praktikum dilaksanakan selama 120 menit dan sisanya disebut tugas mandiri sebanyak 50 menit. Pada kenyataannya tugas mandiri yang dilaksanakan mahasiswa lebih dari 50 menit dalam 1 minggu. Mahasiswa sering terlihat mengalami penurunan performansi dalam aktivitas perkuliahan disertai dengan munculnya kondisi kelelahan. Kondisi tersebut sangat mempengaruhi beban kerja mental mahasiswa dalam beraktivitas, sehingga tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi sistem praktikum berdasarkan beban kerja mental melalui pengukuran performansi dan kelelahan di perguruan Tinggi X. Pengukuran tingkat performansi (waktu reaksi) menggunakan psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) dengan parameter mean 1/RT, shortest 10% 1/RT, lapses, dan longest 10% 1/RT, serta kelelahan menggunakan kuesioner visual analog scale (VAS). Pengukuran dilakukan setelah praktikum, sebelum asistensi laporan, dan sebelum presentasi laporan. Uji statistik menunjukan untuk parameter performansi yaitu shortest 10% 1/RT signifikan medeteksi perubahan untuk ketiga kondisi, sementara untuk mean 1/RT, lapses, dan longest 1/RT tidak signifikan dalam mendeteksi perubahan waktu reaksi untuk ketiga kondisi tersebut. Parameter VAS juga menunjukan hasil tidak signifikan dalam perubahan kondisi kelelahan untuk ketiga kondisi tersebut. Hasil menunjukan bahwa mahasiswa tidak mengalami peningkatan beban kerja mental saat melewati rangkaian proses praktikum di jurusan teknik industri pada perguruan tinggi X, sehingga sistem praktikum yang diterapkan saat ini dalam pencapaian proses pembelajaran sudah optimal.Kata kunci: waktu reaksi, kelelahan, PVT, VAS.ABSTRACTPracticum are observation, experiment, and examination towards the obtained course material. Practicum held as a form of achievement learning process of a course. One course credit (sks) has 170 minutes learning once a week witihin a semester dedicated for practicum activity. Practicum activity consists of 120 minutes actual practice and 50 minutes independent task. In fact, independent task occurs over 50 minutes once a week. Many Students have seen their academics performances decline, along with fatigue because of the practice activity while also attending lectures in classes. These Conditions often affected students mental workload, which is why the aim of this study is to evaluate practicum activity system based on mental workload through measurement of perfomance and fatigue on college X. Measurement performance rate (reaction time) use psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) with parameter mean 1/RT, shortest 10% 1/RT, lapses, and longest 10% 1/RT, with questionnaire visual analog scale (VAS) for fatigue measurement. Each measurement was made after practicum, before assistance report, and before a report presentation. Statistics showed shortest 10% 1/RT significant detecting transformation for third condition, while mean 1/RT, lapses, and longest 10% were not significant. VAS parameter showed not significant result in term of detecting transformation for those 3 condition mentioned berofe. Result showed mental workload through series of practicum activity at Industrial Engineering Major on college X are not significant, which is showed that the current practicum system activity for achievement learning process are optimum.Keywords: reaction time, fatigue, PVT, VAS.

Introdução: O Estado de São Paulo foi a Unidade da Federação onde ocorreu a notificação do primeiro caso de COVID-19 no Brasil e América Latina,apresentando indicadores de saúde alarmantes e boa parte dos municípios afetados. Objetivo: Analisar os indicadores de saúde do Novo Coronavírus (COVID-19) no Estado de São Paulo (ESP) nos três primeiros meses da epidemia a partir da confirmação do primeiro caso. Material e método: Estudo ecológico, descritivo, considerando os casos confirmados de COVID-19 captados pelo Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica do ESP para o período de 26 de fevereiro a 26 de maio de 2020. Resultados: Houve crescimento do número de municípios (35, 284 e 510), casos confirmados (1.015, 20.652 e 85.459), óbitos (57, 1.700 e 6.423), coeficientes de incidência (2,21; 44,97 e 186,11 para cada 100.000 habitantes) e mortalidade (0,12; 3,70 e 13,99 para cada 100.000 habitantes) - respectivamente, março, abril e maio. Observou-se declínio do coeficiente de letalidade no terceiro mês comparado ao segundo (respectivamente, 8,23 e 7,52 para cada 100 casos). Conclusão: A magnitude do COVID-19 extrapola os indicadores mundiais em algumas localidades do Estado de São Paulo.Descritores: Infecções por Coronavírus; Pandemias; Epidemiologia Descritiva; Estudos Ecológicos.ReferênciasTan W, Zhao X, Ma X, Wang W, Niu P, Xu W et al. A Novel Coronavirus Genome Identified in a Cluster of Pneumonia Cases — Wuhan, China 2019−2020. China CDC Weekly, 2020;2(4):61-2.Rafael RDMR, Neto M, Carvalho MMB de, David HMSL, Acioli S, Faria MG de A. Epidemiologia, políticas públicas e pandemia de Covid-19: o que esperar no Brasil? Rev enferm UERJ. 2020;28:e49570.Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern [published correction appears in Lancet. 2020. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):470-73.Di Gennaro F, Pizzol D, Marotta C, Antunes M, Racalbuto V, Veronese N et al. Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) Current Status and Future Perspectives: A Narrative Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(8):2690.World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) Situation Report - 117. World Heal Organ [Internet]. 2020;8(1):3–8. Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200516-covid-19-sitrep-117.pdf?sfvrsn=8f562cc_World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Situation Report 138. 2020;(June). Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200606-covid-19-sitrep-138.pdf?sfvrsn=c8abfb17_4BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde S de V em S. Boletim Epidemiológico Especial COE COVID-19. Bol Epidemiológico Espec COE-COVID19 [Internet]. 2020; Available at: https://www.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2020/May/29/2020-05-25---BEE17---Boletim-do-COE.pdf.The Lancet. COVID-19 in Brazil: "So what?". Lancet. 2020;395(10235):1461.Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Gallego V, Escalera-Antezana JP, Mendez CA, Zambrano LI, Franco-Paredes et. al. COVID-19 in Latin America: The implications of the first confirmed case in Brazil. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020;35:101613.Governo do Estado de São Paulo10 - Secretaria de Estado da Saúde - Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças - Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica “Prof. Alexandre Vranjac” – Novo Coronavírus (COVID-19) - Situação Epidemiológica 26 de fevereiro a 26 de maio de 2020, disponíveis em: http://www.saude.sp.gov.br/cve-centro-de-vigilancia-epidemiologica-prof.-alexandre-vranjac/areas-de-vigilancia/doencas-de-transmissao-respiratoria/coronavirus-covid-19/situacao-epidemiologicaIBGE. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Brasil. São Paulo. Arandu. Disponível em: https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/sp/arandu/pesquisa/37/30255Castro Delgado R, Arcos González P. Analyzing the health system's capacity to respond to epidemics: a key element in planning for emergencies. El análisis de la capacidad de respuesta sanitaria como elemento clave en la planificación ante emergencias epidémicas. Emergencias. 2020;32(3):157-59.World-o-Meter. Disponível em: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/. Acesso em: 14 de maio de 2020.Ren H, Zhao L, Zhang A, Song L, Liao Y, Lu W et al. Early forecasting of the potential risk zones of COVID-19 in China's megacities. Sci Total Environ. 2020;729:138995.Morgenstern H. Ecologic studies in epidemiology: concepts, principles, and methods. Annu Rev Public Health. 1995;16:61-81. Organização Pan-americana de Saúde. REDE Interagencial de Informação para a Saúde – RIPSA. Indicadores Básicos para a Saúde no Brasil: conceitos e aplicações. 2. ed. – Brasília: Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, 2008. p. 144. Disponível em: http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/tabdata/livroidb/2ed/CapituloC.pdfMedeiros de Figueiredo A, Daponte A, Moreira Marculino de Figueiredo DC, Gil-García E, Kalache A. Letalidad del COVID-19: ausencia de patrón epidemiológico [Case fatality rate of COVID-19: absence of epidemiological pattern] Gac Sanit. 2020;S0213-9111(20)30084-4.SEADE – Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados. Perfil dos Municípios Paulistas. Disponível em: https://perfil.seade.gov.br/. Acessado em: 10/06/2020.Governo de São Paulo. SP Contra o Novo Coronavírus. Adesão ao Isolamento Social em São Paulo. Disponível em: https://www.saopaulo.sp.gov.br/coronavirus/isolamento/. Acessado em 10/06/2020.

The strong claim of a criminal law guided by the principle of offensiveness is the intangible outcome of a modern rule of law. Of course, with this, referring to today's conception of criminal law as a means of protection against offensive behavior in practice for goods deemed worthy of legal protection and promotion appraisal, expunge every reference to the criminalization of mere violation of duties. In our system, the age-old debate on the Criminal Law of the offense can not disregard a constitutional perspective: in particular, the broad doctrine maintains that the Republican Constitution states, though not expressly, the general principle of the seriousness of the offense. The need for a criminal law of injury, where the use of criminal sanction is actually last resort, intended to punish only conduct offensive practice of well-defined legal property, conflicts with the proliferation of legislative initiatives, particularly in ' scope of criminal law and criminal law of the company, directed to the repression of private behavior of a concrete orientation offensive, they see the penalty call to punish breaches simple formal. The consequences of the choices of penalty should be obvious: the penalty should not take only in the presence of a complete attack on an individual situation, because the intrinsically dangerous nature of the business would be too large an area removed from the regulates criminal, with almost certain impact on the protection of the good of the individual. It outlines the need for an anticipation of the response penalties.
La decisa affermazione di un diritto penale improntato al principio di offensività rappresenta il risultato intangibile di un moderno Stato di diritto. S’intende, con ciò, riferirsi all’odierna concezione del diritto penale quale strumento di tutela contro comportamenti concretamente offensivi di beni giuridici ritenuti meritevoli di protezione e promozione da parte dell’ordinamento, espungendo ogni possibile riferimento alla criminalizzazione di mere violazioni di doveri.. Nel nostro ordinamento, il secolare dibattito sul diritto penale dell’offesa non può prescindere da una prospettiva costituzionale: in particolare, lata parte della dottrina sostiene che la Costituzione repubblicana affermi, sia pur non expressis verbis, il principio di necessaria offensività del reato. L’esigenza di un diritto penale dell’offensività, dove il ricorso alla sanzione penale rappresenta effettivamente un’extrema ratio, volta a punire esclusivamente comportamenti concretamente offensivi di ben determinati beni giuridici, si scontra con la proliferazione di interventi legislativi, in particolare nell’ambito del diritto penale dell’impresa e nel diritto penale delle società, orientati alla repressione di comportamenti privi di un concreto orientamento offensivo, che vedono la sanzione penale chiamata a reprimere semplici inosservanze formali. Le conseguenze sul piano delle scelte di penalizzazione dovrebbero essere evidenti: la sanzione penale non dovrebbe scattare solo in presenza di una compiuta aggressione a una situazione individuale, perché l’intrinseca, naturale pericolosità dell’attività d’impresa troverebbe uno spazio troppo ampio sottratto alla disciplina penale, con quasi certe ripercussioni sulla tutela del bene del singolo. Si profila così la necessità di un’anticipazione della risposta sanzionatoria.

Muovendo da un’analisi critica delle evidenze che la crisi finanziaria ha reso sull’internal governance, la tesi si propone di sottolineare, alla luce del recente aggiornamento riguardante le Nuove disposizioni di vigilanza prudenziale per le banche, la rilevanza del tema del governo del sistema informativo quale quadro di riferimento ai fini di una gestione integrata dei rischi, tra i quali specie quello di compliance. La trattazione si apre con alcune riflessioni sull’evoluzione dell’IT all’interno del sistema bancario, evidenziandone al contempo sia la natura pervasiva a tutti i livelli dell’organizzazione sia il ruolo di leva strategica che evolve con il business stesso della banca. Nel composito quadro delineato, rileva in particolare l’esigenza di ripensare a fondo agli assetti organizzativi e ai controlli interni in un’ottica omnicomprensiva, al fine di valorizzare appieno le opportunità offerte dal buon uso dei sistemi informativi. Sulla scia della nuova normativa, pertanto, il lavoro muove da una prima riflessione circa il tentativo di uniformare l’organizzazione ICT e le connesse responsabilità degli organi aziendali nel più ampio sistema di governance della banca, per poi giungere ad una attenta disamina del modello di gestione del rischio IT, della sicurezza informatica, nonché del sistema di data governance.

2014 - 2015
This research wants to focalize its attention on the finance world, especially on the financial markets supervision in order to obtain their simplification and rationalisation. After the computer revolution, the world began a “global village” and most part of the economy has suffered a financialisation process; the decrese and the speed up of the economic exchanges in the space and time found its best expression in the speeding up of the financial exchanges. The current interexchanges have made the financial world more complex and in few years it took over politics. Particularly the categories, by which one used to study politics and States life, have no value anymore: the triad territory – state – nation has to be substituted by a sort of local, national, overnational and international interconnected networks. The crisis of the State moved the balance from the executive to the administrative and the legal certanty with the State monopoly has left the place to an interexchangeable sets of rules network. From here the independent authorities are born and they were succesful even thanks tothe process of liberalization-privatization of the economy. Above all in Italy these Authorities were born in a chaotic and no organic way, with a series of overlaps of competences that don’t let understand “who does what”: so it needs simplification and rationalisation. In the financial world, especially all after the crisis in 2007/2008, we understood that the world, as de Larosière report says, was in front of two ways: or to do chacun pour soi or to take again the destiny in its hands, i.e. to try to take back finance under the direction of politics. the UE chose the second hypothesis leaving Lamfalussy care (soft law) and moving to de Larosière care (hard law), as a doctor does towards ills people: he tries to prevent instead of caring. The European regulations in 2010 and the international institutions like G20, FSB, Basel Committee, IOSCO, IFAC, IASB and IAIS, by their standards, tried to put order again in the financial world and to prevent the socalled “systemic risks” (macroprudential supervision), including the microprudential supervision in the most important sectors of finance (banking, insurance, securities) too. So it is necessary to study and know better the international supervision sistems (coordinated inter se) especially the EU Authorities (EBA, ESMA, EIOPA). The UE needed to rationalise the sistem and imposed it by regulations on every member State; in other words the Bank of Italy, CONSOB, IVASS and COVIP (financial indipendent Authorities) began the longa manus of the European Authorities by introducing into the italian system some rules coming directly from Europe, without “passing” through government or parliament way. Considering that the other member States have more less adeguated their “organogram” of Authorities following the UE model, Italy is still late, no because it didn’t adopte the European binding rules, but because it persevered to retain a “set” of inadeguated Authorities for the financial markets challenge. There are a lot of overlaps – interferences of competences between CONSOB and the Bank of Italy, the Bank of Italy and AGCM, whithout considering the “financialisation” of the insurance sector; Germany faced questions like Bankassurance and Allfinanz by BaFin reform, Italy instead persists in a “mixed” model of supervision in which coexists the “pourpose” model (fixed by TUF) and the “sectorial” model (there are specific supervision Authorities in every sector). In the italian system, as Kant says, it is necessery a new criterion of truth that combines empiricism of the American approach (SEC and CFTC) with the organic system and the predictability of the European model. So it is strongly necessary a simplification – reduction of Authorities to two: one in the field of micropudential supervision (Bank of Italy – CONSOB) and one Authority for macroprudential supervision (like UE model); in this way we’ll have a regulation, with overnational legal standards, based on prefixed, general, abstract defined criterions that are possibly “waterproof” for private interests of strong big groups. [edited by Author]
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