Articles de revues : « Shared Automated Vehicles »

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Clements, Lewis M., et Kara M. Kockelman. « Economic Effects of Automated Vehicles ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2606, n^o 1 (janvier 2017) : 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2606-14.

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Connected and fully automated or autonomous vehicles (CAVs) may soon dominate the automotive industry. Once CAVs are sufficiently reliable and affordable, they will penetrate markets and thereby generate economic ripple effects throughout industries. This paper synthesizes and expands on existing analyses of the economic effects of CAVs in the United States across 13 industries and the overall economy. CAVs will soon be central to the automotive industry, with software composing a greater share of vehicle value than previously. The number of vehicles purchased each year may fall because of vehicle sharing, but rising travel distances may increase vehicle sales. The opportunity for heavy-truck drivers to do other work or rest during long drives may lower freight costs and increase capacity. Personal transport may shift toward shared autonomous vehicle fleet use, reducing that of taxis, buses, and other forms of group travel. Fewer collisions and more law-abiding vehicles will lower demand for auto repair, traffic police, medical, insurance, and legal services. CAVs will also lead to new methods for managing travel demand and the repurposing of curbside and off-street parking and will generate major savings from productivity gains during hands-free travel and reduction of pain and suffering costs from crashes. If CAVs eventually capture a large share of the automotive market, they are estimated to have economic impacts of $1.2 trillion or $3,800 per American per year. This paper presents important considerations for CAVs’ overall effects and quantifies those impacts.

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Hamiditehrani, Samira, Darren M. Scott et Matthias N. Sweet. « Shared versus pooled automated vehicles : Understanding behavioral intentions towards adopting on-demand automated vehicles ». Travel Behaviour and Society 36 (juillet 2024) : 100774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2024.100774.

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Hunter, Jacob G., Matthew Konishi, Neera Jain, Kumar Akash, Xingwei Wu, Teruhisa Misu et Tahira Reid. « The Interaction Gap : A Step Toward Understanding Trust in Autonomous Vehicles Between Encounters ». Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 66, n^o 1 (septembre 2022) : 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181322661311.

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Shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) will be introduced in greater numbers over the coming decade. Due to rapid advances in shared mobility and the slower development of fully autonomous vehicles (AVs), SAVs will likely be deployed before privately-owned AVs. Moreover, existing shared mobility services are transitioning their vehicle fleets toward those with increasingly higher levels of driving automation. Consequently, people who use shared vehicles on an “as needed” basis will have infrequent interactions with automated driving, thereby experiencing interaction gaps. Using human trust data of 25 participants, we show that interaction gaps can affect human trust in automated driving. Participants engaged in a simulator study consisting of two interactions separated by a one-week interaction gap. A moderate, inverse correlation was found between the change in trust during the initial interaction and the interaction gap, suggesting people “forget” some of their gained trust or distrust in automation during an interaction gap.

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Andrei, Liliana, Oana Luca et Florian Gaman. « Insights from User Preferences on Automated Vehicles : Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors on Value of Time in Romania Case ». Sustainability 14, n^o 17 (30 août 2022) : 10828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710828.

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New transport technologies, such as autonomous vehicles, are increasingly discussed in the debate on the transition to a sustainable urban future. Automated vehicles (AVs) are expected to reduce the value of travel time (VoT), allowing the use of time for other types of activities during travel, including working, reading, sleeping, entertainment, etc. Our study aims to provide empirical insights on future modal choice preferences for regular trips for Romanian citizens, using a sample of 309 respondents to a web survey on issues related to automated vehicles. Using multinomial logistic models (MNL), we analysed the relationship between three mode choices: regular car, private automated vehicle, and shared automated vehicle, along with the individual and household characteristics. In addition, we calculated the VoT for each mode choice based on the results of MNL analysis. Results showed that VoT is strongly influenced by travel cost and travel time, by socio-economic characteristics such as age, gender, and education, and has the lowest value for the shared AV compared with a regular car or a private AV. Future research may conduct comparable studies in European countries but also explore the opinions and perceptions of vulnerable road users on AVs and VoT.

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Terken, Jacques, et Bastian Pfleging. « Toward Shared Control Between Automated Vehicles and Users ». Automotive Innovation 3, n^o 1 (20 février 2020) : 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42154-019-00087-9.

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You, Fang, Xu Yan, Jun Zhang et Wei Cui. « Design Factors of Shared Situation Awareness Interface in Human–Machine Co-Driving ». Information 13, n^o 9 (16 septembre 2022) : 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13090437.

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Automated vehicles can perceive their environment and control themselves, but how to effectively transfer the information perceived by the vehicles to human drivers through interfaces, or share the awareness of the situation, is a problem to be solved in human–machine co-driving. The four elements of the shared situation awareness (SSA) interface, namely human–machine state, context, current task status, and plan, were analyzed and proposed through an abstraction hierarchy design method to guide the output of the corresponding interface design elements. The four elements were introduced to visualize the interface elements and design the interface prototype in the scenario of “a vehicle overtaking with a dangerous intention from the left rear”, and the design schemes were experimentally evaluated. The results showed that the design with the four elements of an SSA interface could effectively improve the usability of the human–machine interface, increase the levels of human drivers’ situational awareness and prediction of dangerous intentions, and boost trust in the automatic systems, thereby providing ideas for the design of human–machine collaborative interfaces that enhance shared situational awareness in similar scenarios.

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Sarabia, Joseba, Mauricio Marcano, Sergio Díaz, Asier Zubizarreta et Joshué Pérez. « Lateral Evasive Maneuver with Shared Control Algorithm : A Simulator Study ». Sensors 24, n^o 2 (16 janvier 2024) : 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24020562.

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Shared control algorithms have emerged as a promising approach for enabling real-time driver automated system cooperation in automated vehicles. These algorithms allow human drivers to actively participate in the driving process while receiving continuous assistance from the automated system in specific scenarios. However, despite the theoretical benefits being analyzed in various works, further demonstrations of the effectiveness and user acceptance of these approaches in real-world scenarios are required due to the involvement of the human driver in the control loop. Given this perspective, this paper presents and analyzes the results of a simulator-based study conducted to evaluate a shared control algorithm for a critical lateral maneuver. The maneuver involves the automated system helping to avoid an oncoming motorcycle that enters the vehicle’s lane. The study’s goal is to assess the algorithm’s performance, safety, and user acceptance within this specific scenario. For this purpose, objective measures, such as collision avoidance and lane departure prevention, as well as subjective measures related to the driver’s sense of safety and comfort are studied. In addition, three levels of assistance (gentle, intermediate, and aggressive) are tested in two driver state conditions (focused and distracted). The findings have important implications for the development and execution of shared control algorithms, paving the way for their incorporation into actual vehicles.

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Benarbia, Taha, Kyandoghere Kyamakya, Fadi Al Machot et Witesyavwirwa Vianney Kambale. « Modeling and Simulation of Shared Electric Automated and Connected Mobility Systems with Autonomous Repositioning : Performance Evaluation and Deployment ». Sustainability 15, n^o 1 (3 janvier 2023) : 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010881.

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The boom seen in artificial intelligence in recent years has led to a revolution in the automotive industry. Numerous automakers around the world, such as Tesla, Toyota, Honda, and BMW, have achieved giant strides in the development of e-autonomous vehicles. Consequently, shared electric automated vehicle mobility (SEAVM) systems, which are a crucial part of future innovative transportation solutions, have attracted significant attention from the research community, particularly from a design perspective. However, the flexibility of shared automated mobility systems may lead to a self-operating technology issue (unequal distribution of vehicles), since users in these systems can pick up and drop off electric vehicles wherever they like. With this in mind, this paper addressed the issues of autonomous repositioning and the assignment of shared autonomous electric vehicle systems to balance a system’s network and fulfill its demand. Modeling, analysis and assessment of the system’s performance were carried out using stochastic Petri nets formalism, which included determining the average time areas were empty/congested and the number of unserved consumers, and estimating the redistribution service launch moment. Furthermore, many simulation scenarios were analyzed, including repositioning and without repositioning scenarios, in order to evaluate the efficiency of the model and to show the potential of using Petri nets as a probabilistic formalism approach for the modeling of e-automated mobility systems.

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Zhu, Lei, Jinghui Wang, Venu Garikapati et Stanley Young. « Decision Support Tool for Planning Neighborhood-Scale Deployment of Low-Speed Shared Automated Shuttles ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, n^o 9 (23 juillet 2020) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120925273.

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Increasing interest and investment in connected, automated, and electric vehicles as well as mobility-as-a-service (MaaS) concepts are paving the way for the next major transformation in transportation through automated and shared mobility. The initial excitement toward rapid deployment and adoption of automated vehicles (AVs) has subsided, and low-speed automated shuttles are emerging as a more pragmatic pathway for introducing automated mobility in geofenced districts. Such shuttles hold the promise to provide a viable alternative for serving short trips in urban districts with high travel densities. As interest in low-speed automated shuttle systems (to improve urban mobility) increases, the need for tools that can inform communities in relation to benefits or disadvantages of automated shuttle deployments is imminent. However, most of the existing transportation planning and simulation tools are not capable of handling emerging shared automated mobility options. This paper presents a microscopic simulation toolkit that can be used by cities and communities to plan for the deployment of low-speed automated shuttles systems, as well as other shared mobility options. Labeled as the Automated Mobility District modeling and simulation toolkit, the proposed decision support tool intends to help cities evaluate the mobility and sustainability impacts of deploying shared automated vehicles (SAVs) in geofenced regions. This paper describes the toolkit, as well as a sample scenario analysis for the deployment of low-speed automated shuttles in Greenville, South Carolina, U.S. Results from the scenario study demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed simulation toolkit in planning for advanced mobility systems.

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Tabattanon, Kamolnat, Patrik T. Schuler et Clive D’Souza. « Investigating Inclusive Design of Shared Automated Vehicles with Full-Scale Modeling ». Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, n^o 1 (décembre 2020) : 965–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641232.

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Shared automated vehicles (SAVs) in the form of low-speed driverless shuttles have the potential to improve independent mobility for older adults and people with disabilities. At full vehicle autonomy and in the absence of an onboard operator, tasks such as ingress-egress, interior circulation, and securement of passengers and carry-on items will need to be safe, efficient, and independent. This paper describes a novel laboratory apparatus for conducting inclusive design research related to SAVs and presents preliminary findings from an ongoing preliminary study examining the effects of interior design configuration on ingress-egress performance for six wheelchair users. Early findings emphasize the interactions between diverse user abilities and technology design on user performance. The study demonstrates the potential benefit of full-scale physical simulations to investigating a broad range of usability and inclusive design issues related to emerging SAVs.

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Brill, Sarah, William Payre, Ashim Debnath, Ben Horan et Stewart Birrell. « External Human–Machine Interfaces for Automated Vehicles in Shared Spaces : A Review of the Human–Computer Interaction Literature ». Sensors 23, n^o 9 (2 mai 2023) : 4454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23094454.

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Given the rise of automated vehicles from an engineering and technical perspective, there has been increased research interest concerning the Human and Computer Interactions (HCI) between vulnerable road users (VRUs, such as cyclists and pedestrians) and automated vehicles. As with all HCI challenges, clear communication and a common understanding—in this application of shared road usage—is critical in order to reduce conflicts and crashes between the VRUs and automated vehicles. In an effort to solve this communication challenge, various external human–machine interface (eHMI) solutions have been developed and tested across the world. This paper presents a timely critical review of the literature on the communication between automated vehicles and VRUs in shared spaces. Recent developments will be explored and studies analyzing their effectiveness will be presented, including the innovative use of Virtual Reality (VR) for user assessments. This paper provides insight into several gaps in the eHMI literature and directions for future research, including the need to further research eHMI effects on cyclists, investigate the negative effects of eHMIs, and address the technical challenges of eHMI implementation. Furthermore, it has been underlined that there is a lack of research into the use of eHMIs in shared spaces, where the communication and interaction needs differ from conventional roads.

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Tabattanon, Kamolnat, et Clive D’Souza. « Accessibility Retrofit of a Shared Automated Vehicle : Challenges and Lessons Learned ». Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 65, n^o 1 (septembre 2021) : 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181321651168.

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Driverless shared automated vehicles (SAVs) have the potential to substantially improve independent mobility for the growing number of older adults and people with disabilities who are unable or ineligible to drive. However, early designs and deployments of SAVs have lacked accommodations for people with disabilities. This article describes a case study where post-production modifications were performed on a commercial electric SAV in an attempt to comply with US accessibility guidelines for conventional vehicles. Findings emphasize the key human factors considerations for physical accessibility and some lessons learned in order to inform the broader conversation about the accessible design of emerging SAVs. The case study highlights the need for considering accessibility and usability early in the design of complex technological systems such as automated vehicles.

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Harrison, Gillian, Simon Shepherd, Paul Pfaffenbichler, Meng Xu, Hang Tian et Wei Mao. « Scenarios for New Mobility Policies and Automated Mobility in Beijing ». Future Transportation 4, n^o 3 (3 juillet 2024) : 697–721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp4030033.

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In this study, we consider the introduction of new mobility services and technologies into the megacity of Beijing, China, as per developed strategy and action plans, in order to investigate their potential contribution to sustainable mobility. This includes population relocation (decentralization), the construction of new rail lines, the introduction of shared bike services as a feeder to subway stations, the electrification of passenger vehicles and the adoption of automated and shared vehicles. The well-established, system dynamics-based MARS model is adapted to Beijing and further improved via the inclusion of these new services, technologies and policies. We find that decentralization can have a profound effect on overall sustainability if not considered in conjunction with other policies and that new rail lines and shared bikes may only have benefits in specific zones. Shared and automated vehicles could increase VKT by 60% and reduce active and public transport trips by a quarter. As such, nuanced integrated policy approaches will be required that are similar to those currently in place, such as imposed car shedding and taxi fleet control.

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Saleh, Marc, Alexandre Milovanoff, I. Daniel Posen, Heather L. MacLean et Marianne Hatzopoulou. « Energy and greenhouse gas implications of shared automated electric vehicles ». Transportation Research Part D : Transport and Environment 105 (avril 2022) : 103233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103233.

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Fuest, Tanja, Elisabeth Schmidt et Klaus Bengler. « Comparison of Methods to Evaluate the Influence of an Automated Vehicle’s Driving Behavior on Pedestrians : Wizard of Oz, Virtual Reality, and Video ». Information 11, n^o 6 (29 mai 2020) : 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11060291.

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Integrating automated vehicles into mixed traffic entails several challenges. Their driving behavior must be designed such that is understandable for all human road users, and that it ensures an efficient and safe traffic system. Previous studies investigated these issues, especially regarding the communication between automated vehicles and pedestrians. These studies used different methods, e.g., videos, virtual reality, or Wizard of Oz vehicles. However, the extent of transferability between these studies is still unknown. Therefore, we replicated the same study design in four different settings: two video, one virtual reality, and one Wizard of Oz setup. In the first video setup, videos from the virtual reality setup were used, while in the second setup, we filmed the Wizard of Oz vehicle. In all studies, participants stood at the roadside in a shared space. An automated vehicle approached from the left, using different driving profiles characterized by changing speed to communicate its intention to let the pedestrians cross the road. Participants were asked to recognize the intention of the automated vehicle and to press a button as soon as they realized this intention. Results revealed differences in the intention recognition time between the four study setups, as well as in the correct intention rate. The results from vehicle–pedestrian interaction studies published in recent years that used different study settings can therefore only be compared to each other to a limited extent.

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Schuß, Martina, Philipp Wintersberger et Andreas Riener. « Security Issues in Shared Automated Mobility Systems : A Feminist HCI Perspective ». Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 5, n^o 8 (7 août 2021) : 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti5080043.

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The spread of automated vehicles (AVs) is expected to disrupt our mobility behavior. Currently, a male bias is prevalent in the technology industry in general, and in the automotive industry in particular, mainly focusing on white men. This leads to an under-representation of groups of people with other social, physiological, and psychological characteristics. The advent of automated driving (AD) should be taken as an opportunity to mitigate this bias and consider a diverse variety of people within the development process. We conducted a qualitative, exploratory study to investigate how shared automated vehicles (SAVs) should be designed from a pluralistic perspective considering a holistic viewpoint on the whole passenger journey by including booking, pick-up, and drop-off points. Both, men and women, emphasized the importance of SAVs being flexible and clean, whereas security issues were mentioned exclusively by our female participants. While proposing different potential solutions to mitigate security matters, we discuss them through the lens of the feminist HCI framework.

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Zhou, Yefang, Hitomi Sato et Toshiyuki Yamamoto. « Shared Low-Speed Autonomous Vehicle System for Suburban Residential Areas ». Sustainability 13, n^o 15 (3 août 2021) : 8638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158638.

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In the context of global suburbanization and population aging, a low-speed, automated vehicle (LSAV) system provides essential mobility services in suburban residential areas. Although extensive studies on shared autonomous vehicle (SAV) services have been conducted, quantitative investigations on the operation of suburban LSAV systems are limited. Based on a demonstration pilot project of an autonomous vehicle called “Slocal Automated Driving”, we investigated the performance of an SAV system considering several scenarios in Kozoji Newtown, a suburban commuter town in Japan. The agent-based simulation results revealed that 40 LSAVs can satisfy the demands of 2263 daily trips with an average wait time of 15 min. However, in the case of a high-speed scenario, the same fleet size improved the level of service (LOS) by reducing the average wait time to two and a half minutes and halving the in-vehicle time. By contrast, the wait time in terms of the average and 95th percentile of the no-sharing ride scenario drastically deteriorated to an unacceptable level. Based on the fluctuations of hourly share rates, wait times, and the number of vacant vehicles, we determined that preparing for the potential fleet insufficiency periods from 7:00–13:00 and 15:00–18:00 can improve the LOS.

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Katar, Oğuzhan, et Erkan Duman. « Automated Semantic Segmentation for Autonomous Railway Vehicles ». Tehnički glasnik 16, n^o 4 (26 septembre 2022) : 484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20220329114254.

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With the development of computer vision methods, the number of areas where autonomous systems are used has also increased. Among these areas is the transportation sector. Autonomous systems in the transportation sector are mostly developed for road vehicles, but highway rules and standards different between countries. In this study, models capable of semantic segmentation have been developed for autonomous railway vehicles with the help of the public dataset. Four different U-Net models were trained with 8500 images for four different scenarios. The model trained for binary semantic segmentation reached mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) value of 89.1%, while the models trained for multi-class semantic segmentation reached 83.2% mIoU, 79.7% mIoU and 29.6% mIoU. Information about the inclusion of high-resolution images in model training and performance metrics in semantic segmentation studies shared.

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Tubis, Agnieszka A., Honorata Poturaj et Anna Smok. « Interaction between a Human and an AGV System in a Shared Workspace—A Literature Review Identifying Research Areas ». Sustainability 16, n^o 3 (23 janvier 2024) : 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16030974.

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Background: This article presents the results of a literature review from 2018 to 2023, which focused on research related to human and AGV system cooperation in a shared workspace. This study defines AGV systems as systems using Automated Guided Vehicles or Autonomous Guided Vehicles. An Automated Guided Vehicle is a cart that follows a guided path, while an Autonomous Guided Vehicle is an Automated Guided Vehicle that is autonomously controlled. The analyses conducted answered two research questions: (RQ1) In what aspects are the human factor examined in publications on the implementation and operation of AGV systems? (RQ2) Has the human-AGV collaboration aspect been analyzed in the context of a sustainable work environment? Methods: The literature review was conducted following the systematic literature review method, using the PRISMA approach. Results: Based on the search of two journal databases, according to the indicated keywords, 1219 documents pertaining to the analyzed issues were identified. The selection and elimination of documents that did not meet the defined criteria made it possible to limit the number of publications to 117 articles and proceedings papers. On this basis, the authors defined a classification framework comprising five basic research categories and nine subcategories. The analyzed documents were classified, and each distinguished group was characterized by describing the results. Conclusions: The development of a two-level classification framework for research from the analyzed area according to the assumptions of the concept map and the identification of research gaps in the area of human-AGV interaction.

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Etzioni, Shelly, Ricardo A. Daziano, Eran Ben-Elia et Yoram Shiftan. « Preferences for shared automated vehicles : A hybrid latent class modeling approach ». Transportation Research Part C : Emerging Technologies 125 (avril 2021) : 103013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2021.103013.

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Huang, Chao, Fazel Naghdy, Haiping Du et Hailong Huang. « Shared control of highly automated vehicles using steer-by-wire systems ». IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 6, n^o 2 (mars 2019) : 410–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jas.2019.1911384.

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Winter, Konstanze, Oded Cats, Karel Martens et Bart van Arem. « Parking space for shared automated vehicles : How less can be more ». Transportation Research Part A : Policy and Practice 143 (janvier 2021) : 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.11.008.

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Marcano, Mauricio, Sergio Diaz, Joshue Perez et Eloy Irigoyen. « A Review of Shared Control for Automated Vehicles : Theory and Applications ». IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems 50, n^o 6 (décembre 2020) : 475–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/thms.2020.3017748.

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Polydoropoulou, Amalia, Ioannis Tsouros, Nikolas Thomopoulos, Cristina Pronello, Arnór Elvarsson, Haraldur Sigþórsson, Nima Dadashzadeh et al. « Who Is Willing to Share Their AV ? Insights about Gender Differences among Seven Countries ». Sustainability 13, n^o 9 (23 avril 2021) : 4769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094769.

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The introduction of shared autonomous vehicles into the transport system is suggested to bring significant impacts on traffic conditions, road safety and emissions, as well as overall reshaping travel behaviour. Compared with a private autonomous vehicle, a shared automated vehicle (SAV) is associated with different willingness-to-adopt and willingness-to-pay characteristics. An important aspect of future SAV adoption is the presence of other passengers in the SAV—often people unknown to the cotravellers. This study presents a cross-country exploration of user preferences and WTP calculations regarding mode choice between a private non-autonomous vehicle, and private and shared autonomous vehicles. To explore user preferences, the study launched a survey in seven European countries, including a stated-preference experiment of user choices. To model and quantify the effect of travel mode attributes and socio-demographic characteristics, the study employs a mixed logit model. The model results were the basis for calculating willingness-to-pay values for all countries and travel modes, and provide insight into the significant heterogeneous, gender-wise effect of cotravellers in the choice to use an SAV. The study results highlight the importance of analysis of the effect of SAV attributes and shared-ride conditions on the future acceptance and adoption rates of such services.

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Lam, Justin, Tarryn O’Rourke, Caitlin Bowman et Clive D’Souza. « DESIGN NEEDS AND PERCEPTIONS OF OLDER ADULTS REGARDING SHARED-USE AUTOMATED VEHICLES ». Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (1 décembre 2023) : 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.2864.

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Abstract Many communities struggle to provide safe, accessible, and reliable transportation services for older adults due to high demand, rising costs, driver shortages, and other evolving challenges. Innovative transportation solutions are needed to support the current and future populations of older adults. Low-speed, shared-use, driverless shuttles present an exciting development in automated vehicle (AV) technology with potential to meet mobility needs of older adults in their community. Understanding older adults’ perceptions about and willingness to consider using these emerging modes of transportation is vital to realizing the full potential of these technologies. This presentation summarizes an in-person study conducted with 12 older (average: 66 +/- 4 years of age, range: 60 to 80 years) and 10 younger (average: 44 +/- 11 years) adults that evaluated a stationary, proof-of-concept shared-use AV retrofitted with accessibility features. We will present findings on perceptions regarding accessibility, safety, and willingness to use driverless AVs along with human factors design recommendations. While questionnaire-based studies have been the dominant approach to understanding older adults’ perceptions about shared-use AVs, in-person evaluations even with prototype AVs as described here, provide opportunities to identify goals, needs and preferences of older adults concerning usability and safety in early design stages, and through hands-on exploration help older adults develop good mental models, i.e., understand AV capabilities and limitations, towards building trust and acceptance for these emerging modes of transportation. Research and policy implications will be discussed towards enabling emerging driverless shared-use AV technologies that support safe and independent community mobility for older adults.

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Zhao, Liuhui, Joyoung Lee, Steven Chien et Cheol Oh. « Shockwave-Based Automated Vehicle Longitudinal Control Algorithm for Nonrecurrent Congestion Mitigation ». Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017 (2017) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6568135.

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A shockwave-based speed harmonization algorithm for the longitudinal movement of automated vehicles is presented in this paper. In the advent of Connected/Automated Vehicle (C/AV) environment, the proposed algorithm can be applied to capture instantaneous shockwaves constructed from vehicular speed profiles shared by individual equipped vehicles. With a continuous wavelet transform (CWT) method, the algorithm detects abnormal speed drops in real-time and optimizes speed to prevent the shockwave propagating to the upstream traffic. A traffic simulation model is calibrated to evaluate the applicability and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Based on 100% C/AV market penetration, the simulation results show that the CWT-based algorithm accurately detects abnormal speed drops. With the improved accuracy of abnormal speed drop detection, the simulation results also demonstrate that the congestion can be mitigated by reducing travel time and delay up to approximately 9% and 18%, respectively. It is also found that the shockwave caused by nonrecurrent congestion is quickly dissipated even with low market penetration.

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Gong, Jian, Weijie Chen et Ziyi Zhou. « Receding Horizon Optimization for Cooperation of Connected Vehicles at Signal-Free Intersections under Mixed-Automated Traffic ». Applied Sciences 13, n^o 20 (23 octobre 2023) : 11576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132011576.

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This paper proposes a distributed coordination scheme for connected vehicles, including automated vehicles (AVs) and manual vehicles (MVs), at signal-free intersections. The cooperation issue of vehicles at an intersection is formulated into a multi-objective optimization problem that aims to eliminate conflicts and improve traffic mobility and fuel economy. For this purpose, the future trajectories of AVs and MVs are predicted by the respective car-following models, and are shared with neighboring vehicles in conflict relationships. The proposed scheme optimizes the sum of the performance of AVs within the cooperative zone in a prediction horizon. A distributed optimization algorithm in the receding horizon is presented to obtain the local optimal solutions, and is tested in simulations with different demand levels and penetration rates of AVs. The results show that the proposed scheme reduces travel time by 29.7–45.5% and 34.5–49.2%, and decreases fuel consumption by 27.6–35.3% and 21.6–29.9% under 70–100% penetration rates of AVs, compared to the no-control operation and fixed-time signal control strategy. In addition, a comparison simulation with the strategy of jointly optimizing the vehicle trajectory and signal timing is conducted to evaluate the relative merits of the proposed scheme.

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Wang, Kaidi, et Wenwen Zhang. « The role of urban form in the performance of shared automated vehicles ». Transportation Research Part D : Transport and Environment 93 (avril 2021) : 102744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102744.

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KII, Masanobu, Ayaka YOKOTA, Zhenyu GAO et Kazuki NAKAMURA. « THE EFFECT OF URBAN CONDITIONS ON DISSEMINATION OF SHARED FULLY-AUTOMATED VEHICLES ». Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. D3 (Infrastructure Planning and Management) 73, n^o 5 (2017) : I_507—I_515. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejipm.73.i_507.

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Barbour, Natalia, Nikhil Menon, Yu Zhang et Fred Mannering. « Shared automated vehicles : A statistical analysis of consumer use likelihoods and concerns ». Transport Policy 80 (août 2019) : 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2019.05.013.

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Zhang, Wenwen, et Kaidi Wang. « Parking futures : Shared automated vehicles and parking demand reduction trajectories in Atlanta ». Land Use Policy 91 (février 2020) : 103963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.04.024.

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Zhou, Fan, Zuduo Zheng, Jake Whitehead, Simon Washington, Robert K. Perrons et Lionel Page. « Preference heterogeneity in mode choice for car-sharing and shared automated vehicles ». Transportation Research Part A : Policy and Practice 132 (février 2020) : 633–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2019.12.004.

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Deka, Devajyoti. « Three revolutions : steering automated, shared, and electric vehicles to a better future ». Transport Reviews 39, n^o 4 (8 juin 2018) : 553–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2018.1481892.

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Dijkhuijs, Tim, Fabian Israel et Dea van Lierop. « To Share or to Own ? Understanding the Willingness to Adopt Shared and Owned Electric Automated Vehicles on Three Continents ». Future Transportation 3, n^o 3 (13 septembre 2023) : 1108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp3030061.

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Electric automated vehicles (AVs) are expected to become part of the transportation system within the coming years. The implications of their implementation are still uncertain. What is known is that human behaviour will be central to determining AV adoption. This research aims to gain insight into how potential users of privately owned (PAVs) and shared (SAV) electric automated vehicles are characterised across three different continents assessing the influence of cultural and geographic features, personal attitudes and characteristics and the perceived advantages and disadvantages of AVs. Using survey data collected among residents (N = 1440) in Greater Sydney, Australia; Greater Montréal, Canada; and the Randstad, the Netherlands, this paper explores individuals’ willingness to adopt PAVs and SAVs using statistical descriptive analysis and logistic regression models. The study supports the impact of personal characteristics (e.g., age and travel characteristics) and attitudes towards personal and societal gains on the willingness to adopt AVs. Furthermore, this paper provides cross-continental evidence for the regional socio-urban context, affecting the desire to adopt AVs in different forms. Policy-makers should consider these factors and tailor different strategies according to cultural norms in order to motivate a coherent and sustainable implementation of AVs into existing and future mobility landscapes.

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Atabay, Orhan, Ned Djilali et Curran Crawford. « Shared Automated Electric Vehicle Prospects for Low Carbon Road Transportation in British Columbia, Canada ». Vehicles 4, n^o 1 (3 février 2022) : 102–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles4010007.

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This study explores the long-term energy use implications of electrification, automation and sharing of road vehicles in British Columbia, Canada. Energy use is first analyzed for the years 1990–2016 for forward forecasting, and hypothetical scenarios ranging from conservative to disruptive, incorporating various effects of road vehicle electrification, sharing and automation, as well as influences of other technology disruptions, such as online shopping and e-learning are presented and used to project the road transportation energy use in B.C. to 2060. Transportation energy use projections are compared to those of the Canadian Energy Regulator (CER). When considering only the effect of vehicle electrification, the scenarios show higher energy savings compared to CER’s scenarios. The combined impact of vehicle electrification and automation leads to decreased energy use to 2060 for all scenarios considered. The energy savings for all scenarios, except for the conservative one, are higher than CER’s projections. When the effects of vehicle electrification, automation and sharing are merged, all scenarios yield energy savings beyond the CER projections. Inclusion of other technology disruptions and the effects of pandemics like COVID-19 reduce transportation demand and provide further energy savings. The BAU scenario given in this study shows energy use decreases compared to 2016 of 26.3%, 49%, 62.24%, 72.1% for the years 2030, 2040, 2050, and 2060 respectively.

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Zhu, Lei, Zhouqiao Zhao et Guoyuan Wu. « Shared Automated Mobility with Demand-Side Cooperation : A Proof-of-Concept Microsimulation Study ». Sustainability 13, n^o 5 (25 février 2021) : 2483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052483.

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Most existing shared automated mobility (SAM) services assume the door-to-door manner, i.e., the pickup and drop-off (PUDO) locations are the places requested by the customers (or demand-side). While some mobility services offer more affordable riding costs in exchange for a little walking effort from customers, their rationales and induced impacts (in terms of mobility and sustainability) from the system perspective are not clear. This study proposes a demand-side cooperative shared automated mobility (DC-SAM) service framework, aiming to fill this knowledge gap and to assess the mobility and sustainability impacts. The optimal ride matching problem is formulated and solved in an online manner through a micro-simulation model, Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO). The objective is to maximize the profit (considering both the revenue and cost) of the proposed SAM service, considering the constraints in seat capacities of shared automated vehicles (SAVs) and comfortable walking distance from the perspective of customers. A case study on a portion of a New York City (NYC) network with a pre-defined fleet size demonstrated the efficacy and promise of the proposed system. The results show that the proposed DC-SAM service can not only significantly reduce the SAV’s operating costs in terms of vehicle-miles traveled (VMT), vehicle-hours traveled (VHT), and vehicle energy consumption (VEC) by up to 53, 46 and 51%, respectively, but can also considerably improve the customer service by 30 and 56%, with regard to customer waiting time (CWT) and trip detour factor (TDF), compared to a heuristic service model. In addition, the demand-side cooperation strategy can bring about additional system-wide mobility and sustainability benefits in the range of 4–10%.

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Baringer, Kathryn, Dustin J. Souders et Jeremy Lopez. « Age Differences in the Malleability of Attitudes toward Automated Shared Mobility ». Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 65, n^o 1 (septembre 2021) : 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181321651250.

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Introduction: The use of shared automated vehicles (SAVs) should lead to several societal and individual benefits, including reduced greenhouse gas emissions, reduced traffic, and improved mobility for persons who cannot safely drive themselves. We define SAVs as on-demand, fully automated vehicles in which passengers are paired with other riders traveling along a similar route. Previous research has shown that younger adults are more likely to report using conventional ridesharing services and are more accepting of new technologies including automated vehicles (AVs). However, older adults, particularly those who may be close to retiring from driving, stand to greatly benefit from SAV services. In order for SAVs to deliver on their aforementioned benefits, they must be viewed favorably and utilized. We sought to investigate how short educational and/or experiential videos might impact younger, middle-aged, and older adult respondents’ anticipated acceptance and attitudes toward SAVs. Knowing what types of introductory experiences improve different age groups’ perceptions of SAVs will be beneficial for tailoring campaigns aiming to promote SAV usage. Methods: We deployed an online survey using the platform Prolific for middle-aged and older respondents, and our departmental participant pool for younger adults, collecting 585 total responses that resulted in 448 valid responses. Respondents answered questions regarding their demographic attributes, their ridesharing history, preconceptions of technology, as well as their anticipated acceptance attitudes towards SAVs as measured by the dimensions of the Automated Vehicle User Perception Survey (AVUPS). After this, respondents were randomly assigned to an intervention condition where they either watched 1) an educational video about how SAVs work and their potential benefits, 2) an experiential video showing a AV navigating traffic, 3) both the experiential and educational videos, or 4) a control video explaining how ridesharing works. Anticipated acceptance attitudes towards SAVs were measured again after this intervention and difference scores calculated to investigate the effect of the intervention conditions. Prolific respondents were paid at a rate of $9.50/hour and younger adults received course credit. Results: Controlling for preconceptions of technology and ridesharing experience, a MANOVA was run on the difference scores of the dimensions of the AVUPS (intention to use, trust/reliability, perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), safety, control/driving-efficacy, cost, authority, media, and social influence). Both older and middle-aged adults expressed significantly greater increases in PEOU and PU of SAVs than younger adults. We also observed an interaction between age and condition for both PU and PEOU. For PU, older adults’ difference scores were found to be significantly greater than younger adults’ for the control video condition. With PEOU, older adults’ difference scores were significantly greater than both younger adults’ for the control video condition, and middle-aged adults had greater difference scores for the educational-only video condition than younger or older adults. Discussion: The increases in PU observed for older adults in the control condition suggests that educating them on how to use currently available ridesharing services might transfer to and/or highlight the benefits that automated ridesharing might provide. The PEOU interactions also suggest that middle-aged adults might respond more positively than younger or older adults to an educational introduction to SAVs. Conclusion: The positive findings pertaining to PU and PEOU show that exposure to information related to SAVs has a positive impact on these attitudes. PU’s and PEOU’s positive relationship to behavioral intentions (BI) in the Technology Acceptance Model, coupled with the findings from this study, bode well for higher fidelity interventions seeking to inform and/or give individuals experience with SAVs. Providing information on how currently available ridesharing services work helped our older adult respondents recognize the potential usefulness of SAVs. Knowing that different age groups may respond better to educational versus experiential interventions, for example middle-aged adults in this study responding more positively to the educational video condition than younger or older adults, may be useful for targeted promotional campaigns.

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Heubeck, Laura, Franziska Hartwich et Franziska Bocklisch. « To Share or Not to Share—Expected Transportation Mode Changes Given Different Types of Fully Automated Vehicles ». Sustainability 15, n^o 6 (13 mars 2023) : 5056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065056.

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When it comes to climate change, automated vehicles (AV) are often presented as a key factor to reducing emissions related with the transport sector. While studies promise emissions savings of up to 80%, it is often overlooked how AVs will be introduced and which transportation mode changes will arise from their implementation. Therefore, this online survey examined usage intentions regarding private and shared AV types, and underlying attitudes and mobility needs of 136 current users of different main modes of transport. Two main results counteract the general assumption of ecological sustainability benefits of AVs: First, current car drivers prefer private over shared AV types, even though notable sustainability gains can only be expected from shared AVs. Second, current users of more sustainable modes of transport (walking, bike, public transport) would replace theses modes by AVs for substantial shares of their trips, which represents a behavioural rebound effect, since AVs cannot be more sustainable than walking or biking. Group-specific mobility needs and knowledge gaps regarding the sustainability of different AV types are identified as reasons for these results and as starting points for deriving necessary measures accompanying the introduction of AVs into society through motivating ecologically sustainable transportation mode changes.

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Li, Hao, Zhengwu Wang, Shuiwang Chen, Weiyao Xu, Lu Hu et Shuai Huang. « Integrated optimization of planning and operation of a shared automated electric vehicle system considering the trip selection and opportunity cost ». Electronic Research Archive 32, n^o 1 (2023) : 41–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/era.2024003.

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<abstract> <p>Shared autonomous electric vehicle systems (SAEVS) combine autonomous driving technology with shared electric vehicle services to provide advantages over traditional shared vehicle systems, including autonomous vehicle relocation and rapid response to user needs. In this study, we seek to enhance the operational efficiency and profitability of SAEVS by considering trip selection and the potential opportunity cost associated with unmet user demands. An integer linear programming (ILP) model is developed using a spatio-temporal state network to optimize the system design planning (e.g., charging facility, vehicle fleet sizing and distribution) and operational decisions (e.g., vehicle operational relocation and trip selection strategy). To handle the computational complexities of this model, we propose a Lagrangian relaxation (LR) algorithm. The performance of the LR algorithm is evaluated through a case study. The results, along with a parameter sensitivity analysis, reveal several key findings: (ⅰ) Allocating vehicles to stations with concentrated early peak demand, distributing charging facilities to stations with high total demand throughout the day and implementing vehicle relocation after the early demand peak can mitigate uneven vehicle distribution; (ⅱ) Implementing trip selection enhances SAEVS profitability; (ⅲ) Increasing opportunity cost meets user demands but at the expense of reduced profit; (ⅳ) It is recommended that SAEVS be equipped with charging facilities of suitable charging power based on operational conditions.</p> </abstract>

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Wang, Senlei, Goncalo Homem de Almeida Correia et Hai Xiang Lin. « Exploring the Performance of Different On-Demand Transit Services Provided by a Fleet of Shared Automated Vehicles : An Agent-Based Model ». Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (16 décembre 2019) : 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7878042.

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Automated vehicles used as public transport show a great promise of revolutionizing current transportation systems. Still, there are many questions as to how these systems should be organized and operated in cities to bring the best out of future services. In this study, an agent-based model (ABM) is developed to simulate the on-demand operations of shared automated vehicles (SAVs) in a parallel transit service (PTS) and a tailored time-varying transit service (TVTS). The proposed TVTS system can switch service schemes between a door-to-door service (DDS) and a station-to-station service (SSS) according to what is best for the service providers and the travelers. In addition, the proposed PTS system that allows DDS and SSS to operate simultaneously is simulated. To test the conceptual design of the proposed SAV system, simulation experiments are performed in a hypothetical urban area to show the potential of different SAV schemes. Simulation results suggest that SAV systems together with dynamic ridesharing can significantly reduce average waiting time, the vehicle kilometres travelled and empty SAV trips. Moreover, the proposed optimal vehicle assignment algorithm can significantly reduce the empty vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT) for the pickups for all tested SAV systems up to about 40% and improve the system capacity for transporting the passengers. Comparing the TVTS system, which has inconvenient access in peak hours, with the PTS systems, which always makes available door-to-door transport, we conclude that the latter could achieve a similar system performance as the former in terms of average waiting time, service time and system capacity.

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Nemoto, Eliane Horschutz, Roukaya Issaoui, Dorien Korbee, Ines Jaroudi et Guy Fournier. « How to measure the impacts of shared automated electric vehicles on urban mobility ». Transportation Research Part D : Transport and Environment 93 (avril 2021) : 102766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102766.

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Li, Li, Theodoros Pantelidis, Joseph Y. J. Chow et Saif Eddin Jabari. « A real-time dispatching strategy for shared automated electric vehicles with performance guarantees ». Transportation Research Part E : Logistics and Transportation Review 152 (août 2021) : 102392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2021.102392.

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Shaheen, Susan, et Mohamed Amine Bouzaghrane. « Mobility and Energy Impacts of Shared Automated Vehicles : a Review of Recent Literature ». Current Sustainable/Renewable Energy Reports 6, n^o 4 (26 novembre 2019) : 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40518-019-00135-2.

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Brendel, Alfred Benedikt, Sascha Lichtenberg, Christoph Prinz et Bernd Herrenkind. « Increasing the Value of Shared Vehicles : Insights from an Implementation of User-Based Relocation in Station-Based One-Way Carsharing ». Sustainability 12, n^o 21 (23 octobre 2020) : 8800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218800.

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New digital technologies are a driving force behind many pivotal changes in our modern world. For example, the carsharing business model has improved drastically through the adoption of technologies for online booking, instant access, vehicle monitoring, and automated billing. However, the challenge of vehicle supply and demand management hinders carsharing from reaching its full potential and mainstream application. The current norm of relocating vehicles via employees is expensive and unsustainable, counteracting the environmental benefits of carsharing. To engage this problem, a new concept called user-based relocation has emerged in recent years. For user-based relocation, customers are requested to return rented vehicles at undersupplied locations. However, research and practice lack knowledge on how to implement user-based relocation in a real-world carsharing system. This study employs an iterative research approach, including the implementation of user-based relocation in a real-world carsharing system. During the development and evaluation process, novel requirements and challenges for user-based relocation were discovered, providing valuable knowledge for its implementation and future research.

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Wang, Senlei, Gonçalo Homem de Almeida Correia et Hai Xiang Lin. « Assessing the Potential of the Strategic Formation of Urban Platoons for Shared Automated Vehicle Fleets ». Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (21 juillet 2022) : 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1005979.

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This paper addresses the problem of studying the impacts of the strategic formation of platoons in automated mobility-on-demand (AMoD) systems in future cities. Forming platoons has the potential to improve traffic efficiency, resulting in reduced travel times and energy consumption. However, in the platoon formation phase, coordinating the vehicles at formation locations for forming a platoon may delay travelers. In order to assess these effects, an agent-based model has been developed to simulate an urban AMoD system in which vehicles travel between service points transporting passengers either forming or not forming platoons. A simulation study was performed on the road network of the city of The Hague, Netherlands, to assess the impact on traveling and energy usage by the strategic formation of platoons. Results show that forming platoons could save up to 9.6% of the system-wide energy consumption for the most efficient car model. However, this effect can vary significantly with the vehicle types and strategies used to form platoons. Findings suggest that, on average, forming platoons reduces the travel times for travelers even if they experience delays while waiting for a platoon to be formed. However, delays lead to longer travel times for the travelers with the platoon leaders, similar to what people experience while traveling in highly congested networks when platoon formation does not happen. Moreover, the platoon delay increases as the volume of AMoD requests decreases; in the case of an AMoD system serving only 20% of the commuter trips (by private cars in the case-study city), the average platoon delays experienced by these trips increase by 25%. We conclude that it is beneficial to form platoons to achieve energy and travel efficiency goals when the volume of AMoD requests is high.

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Fukatsu, Ryuichi, et Kei Sakaguchi. « Automated Driving with Cooperative Perception Based on CVFH and Millimeter-Wave V2I Communications for Safe and Efficient Passing through Intersections ». Sensors 21, n^o 17 (30 août 2021) : 5854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175854.

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The development of automated driving is actively progressing, and connected cars are also under development. Connected cars are the technology of connecting vehicles to networks so that connected vehicles can enhance their services. Safety services are among the main services expected in connected car society. Cooperative perception belongs to safety services and improves safety by visualizing blind spots. This visualization is achieved by sharing sensor data via wireless communications. Therefore, the number of visualized blind spots highly depends upon the performance of wireless communications. In this paper, we analyzed the required sensor data rate to be shared for the cooperative perception in order to realize safe and reliable automated driving in an intersection scenario. The required sensor data rate was calculated by the combination of recognition and crossing decisions of an automated driving vehicle to adopt realistic assumptions. In this calculation, CVFH was used to derive tight requirements, and the minimum required braking aims to alleviate the traffic congestion around the intersection. At the end of the paper, we compare the required sensor data rate with the outage data rate realized by conventional and millimeter-wave communications, and show that millimeter-wave communications can support safe crossing at a realistic velocity.

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Tafidis, Pavlos, Ali Pirdavani, Tom Brijs et Haneen Farah. « Can Automated Vehicles Improve Cyclist Safety in Urban Areas ? » Safety 5, n^o 3 (23 août 2019) : 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety5030057.

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Automated vehicles (AVs) are expected to assist in decreasing road traffic fatalities, particularly among passenger cars. However, until now limited research has been conducted on how they will impact the safety of vulnerable road users (VRUs) (i.e., cyclists and pedestrians). Therefore, there is a clear need to start taking into account the interactions between AVs and VRUs as an integrated element of the transport network, especially in urban areas where they are dominant. The objective of this study is to verify whether the anticipated implementation of AVs can actually improve cyclists’ safety. For this purpose, the microscopic traffic flow simulation software PTV Vissim combined with the surrogate safety assessment model (SSAM) were utilized. The road network used for this analysis was generated based on a real study case in a medium-sized city in Belgium, where narrow streets in the city center are shared on many occasions between vehicles and cyclists. The findings of the analysis show a notable reduction in the total number of conflicts between cars, but also between cars and cyclists, compared to the current situation, assuming a 100% market penetration scenario for AVs. Moreover, the severity level of conflicts also decreased as a result of the lack of human-driven vehicles in the traffic streams.

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Zhuang, Huanbiao, Chaofan Lei, Yuanhang Chen et Xiaojun Tan. « Cooperative Decision-Making for Mixed Traffic at an Unsignalized Intersection Based on Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning ». Applied Sciences 13, n^o 8 (17 avril 2023) : 5018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13085018.

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Despite rapid advances in vehicle intelligence and connectivity, there is still a significant period in mixed traffic where connected, automated vehicles and human-driven vehicles coexist. The behavioral uncertainty of human-driven vehicles makes decision-making a challenging task in an unsignalized intersection scenario. In this paper, a decentralized multi-agent proximal policy optimization (MAPPO) based on an attention representations algorithm (Attn-MAPPO) was developed to make joint decisions at an intersection to avoid collisions and cross the intersection effectively. To implement this framework, by exploiting the shared information, the system was modeled as a model-free, fully cooperative, multi-agent system. The vehicle employed an attention module to extract the most valuable information from its neighbors. Based on the observation and traffic rules, a joint policy was identified to work more cooperatively based on the trajectory prediction of all the vehicles. To facilitate the collaboration between the vehicles, a weighted reward assignment scheme was proposed to focus more on the vehicles approaching intersections. The results presented the advantages of the Attn-MAPPO framework and validated the effectiveness of the designed reward function. Ultimately, the comparative experiments were conducted to demonstrate that the proposed approach was more adaptive and generalized than the heuristic rule-based model, which revealed its great potential for reinforcement learning in the decision-making of autonomous driving.

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Wang, Senlei, Goncalo Homem de Almeida Correia et Hai Xiang Lin. « Effects of Coordinated Formation of Vehicle Platooning in a Fleet of Shared Automated Vehicles : An Agent-based model ». Transportation Research Procedia 47 (2020) : 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.03.112.

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Hiller, Johannes, Sami Koskinen, Riccardo Berta, Nisrine Osman, Ben Nagy, Francesco Bellotti, Ashfaqur Rahman et al. « The L3Pilot Data Management Toolchain for a Level 3 Vehicle Automation Pilot ». Electronics 9, n^o 5 (15 mai 2020) : 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050809.

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As industrial research in automated driving is rapidly advancing, it is of paramount importance to analyze field data from extensive road tests. This paper investigates the design and development of a toolchain to process and manage experimental data to answer a set of research questions about the evaluation of automated driving functions at various levels, from technical system functioning to overall impact assessment. We have faced this challenge in L3Pilot, the first comprehensive test of automated driving functions (ADFs) on public roads in Europe. L3Pilot is testing ADFs in vehicles made by 13 companies. The tested functions are mainly of Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) automation level 3, some of them of level 4. In this context, the presented toolchain supports various confidentiality levels, and allows cross-vehicle owner seamless data management, with the efficient storage of data and their iterative processing with a variety of analysis and evaluation tools. Most of the toolchain modules have been developed to a prototype version in a desktop/cloud environment, exploiting state-of-the-art technology. This has allowed us to efficiently set up what could become a comprehensive edge-to-cloud reference architecture for managing data in automated vehicle tests. The project has been released as open source, the data format into which all vehicular signals, recorded in proprietary formats, were converted, in order to support efficient processing through multiple tools, scalability and data quality checking. We expect that this format should enhance research on automated driving testing, as it provides a shared framework for dealing with data from collection to analysis. We are confident that this format, and the information provided in this article, can represent a reference for the design of future architectures to implement in vehicles.

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