Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Sexism – united states »

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Sexism – united states"

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Hayes, Elisabeth, et Scipio A. J. Colin. « Racism and sexism in the United States : Fundamental issues ». New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education 1994, no 61 (1994) : 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ace.36719946103.

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Lytle, Ashley, Jamie Macdonald, Christina Dyar et Sheri R. Levy. « Ageism and Sexism in the 2016 United States Presidential Election ». Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 18, no 1 (19 février 2018) : 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/asap.12147.

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Lee, I.-Ching, Felicia Pratto et Mei-Chih Li. « Social Relationships and Sexism in the United States and Taiwan ». Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 38, no 5 (septembre 2007) : 595–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022107305241.

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Rapp, Kristen Schorpp, Vanessa V. Volpe, Tabitha L. Hale et Dominique F. Quartararo. « State–Level Sexism and Gender Disparities in Health Care Access and Quality in the United States ». Journal of Health and Social Behavior 63, no 1 (18 novembre 2021) : 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00221465211058153.

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In this investigation, we examined the associations between state-level structural sexism—a multidimensional index of gender inequities across economic, political, and cultural domains of the gender system—and health care access and quality among women and men in the United States. We linked administrative data gauging state-level gender gaps in pay, employment, poverty, political representation, and policy protections to individual-level data on health care availability, affordability, and quality from the national Consumer Survey of Health Care Access (2014–2019; N = 24,250). Results show that higher state-level sexism is associated with greater inability to access needed health care and more barriers to affording care for women but not for men. Furthermore, contrary to our hypothesis, women residing in states with higher state-level sexism report better quality of care than women in states with lower levels of sexism. These findings implicate state-level sexism in perpetuating gender disparities in health care.
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Prina, Francesca, et Julie N. Schatz-Stevens. « Sexism and Rape Myth Acceptance : The Impact of Culture, Education, and Religiosity ». Psychological Reports 123, no 3 (26 février 2019) : 929–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294119826896.

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This study explores the influence of education and religiosity on sexist attitudes towards women and rape myth acceptance in two samples totaling 399 participants from the United States and Italy. Both samples completed a demographic questionnaire that assessed age, area of residence, and racial and gender identification. Three questions about religiosity and three about education were included, as well as the Attitudes Towards Women Survey and the Acceptance of Modern Myths about Sexual Aggression. In the Italian pool, 44 held at least a bachelor’s degree, 108 had completed some college, and 29 completed high school at most, while the United States pool consisted of 83, 123, and 12, respectively. Average self-reported levels of religiousness were M = 3.87 (SD = 3.05) in Italy and M = 5.10 (SD = 2.76) in the United States. In both samples, religiosity was a strong predictor of both sexism and rape myth acceptance, while education was only related to rape myth acceptance and with less strength than religiosity. Moreover, country of residence was an important influence for sexist beliefs along with both religiosity and education; however, for rape myth acceptance, country did not have a significant impact.
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Nagle, Amanda, et Goleen Samari. « State-level structural sexism and cesarean sections in the United States ». Social Science & ; Medicine 289 (novembre 2021) : 114406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114406.

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Homan, Patricia. « Structural Sexism and Health in the United States : A New Perspective on Health Inequality and the Gender System ». American Sociological Review 84, no 3 (28 mai 2019) : 486–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122419848723.

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In this article, I build a new line of health inequality research that parallels the emerging structural racism literature. I develop theory and measurement for the concept of structural sexism and examine its relationship to health outcomes. Consistent with contemporary theories of gender as a multilevel social system, I conceptualize and measure structural sexism as systematic gender inequality at the macro level (U.S. state), meso level (marital dyad), and micro level (individual). I use U.S. state-level administrative data linked to geocoded data from the NLSY79, as well as measures of inter-spousal inequality and individual views on women’s roles as predictors of physical health outcomes in random-effects models for men and women. Results show that among women, exposure to more sexism at the macro and meso levels is associated with more chronic conditions, worse self-rated health, and worse physical functioning. Among men, macro-level structural sexism is also associated with worse health. However, greater meso-level structural sexism is associated with better health among men. At the micro level, internalized sexism is not related to physical health among either women or men. I close by outlining how future research on gender inequality and health can be furthered using a structural sexism perspective.
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Tromble, Rebekah, et Karin Koole. « She belongs in the kitchen, not in Congress ? Political engagement and sexism on Twitter ». Journal of Applied Journalism & ; Media Studies 9, no 2 (1 juin 2020) : 191–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajms_00022_1.

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Social media offer direct lines of communication to many democratic representatives, and, in some instances, they may provide policy-makers and journalists with a better sense of public views. But, are the voices expressed on social media worth heeding? Impersonal and anonymous communication often invites negativity and abuse, including racism and sexism. Indeed, evidence suggests that women face particularly high levels of abuse online. And yet we know relatively little about the role of sexism in citizens’ digitally mediated interactions with their political representatives. Do people direct more criticism and hostility towards female politicians? Using Twitter data comparing political engagement in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States, we actually find reason for optimism. In the United Kingdom and the United States, there are no differences in the tone of messages sent to male and female politicians, and Dutch citizens direct more positive messages towards women. Across all three countries, gendered insults towards women are rare.
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Everett, Bethany G., Aubrey Limburg, Patricia Homan et Morgan M. Philbin. « Structural Heteropatriarchy and Birth Outcomes in the United States ». Demography 59, no 1 (15 novembre 2021) : 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00703370-9606030.

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Abstract Emerging evidence links structural sexism and structural discrimination against lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) populations to poor health outcomes, but studies have yet to examine the combined effects of these mutually reinforcing systems of inequality. Therefore, we developed a composite measure of structural heteropatriarchy—which includes state-level LGB policies, family planning policies, and indicators of structural sexism (e.g., women's political and economic position relative to men)—and examined its relationship to birth outcomes using data from Waves I to V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Multivariate regression analyses demonstrated that higher levels of heteropatriarchy were associated with an increased risk of preterm birth and decreased birth weight, net of important covariates. There was no association between clinical low birth weight and heteropatriarchy, or interactions between heteropatriarchy and individuals' race, ethnicity or sexual identity, suggesting a negative effect of heteropatriarchy on birth outcomes for all pregnant people. This study demonstrates the importance of considering gender and sexuality as mutually reinforcing systems of oppression that impact population health. Future research should examine the impact of heteropatriarchy on additional health outcomes and in conjunction with other structural inequalities such as racism and transgender oppression.
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McKetta, Sarah, Seth J. Prins, Deborah Hasin, Megan E. Patrick et Katherine M. Keyes. « Structural sexism and Women's alcohol use in the United States, 1988–2016 ». Social Science & ; Medicine 301 (mai 2022) : 114976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114976.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Sexism – united states"

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Miller, Scot A. « Perceptions of racial and gender bias in naval aviation flight training ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA297589.

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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1994.
"December 1994." Thesis advisor(s): Lyn R. Whitaker, Frank C. Petho. Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-110). Also available online.
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Kim, Ye Jung. « Hierarchy Attenuating/Enhancing Organizational Environments and Intergroup Attitudes : Relationship of Racism, Classism, and Sexism in Multiracial and Monoracial Churches of the United States ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4956/.

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As Yancey (2003) has pointed out, the intentional character of racially integrated churches tends to lessen the social distance between Whites and minorities. The purpose of this study is to examine how racially hierarchy-attenuating and hierarchy-enhancing environments affect classism and sexism attitudes among congregations. The finding shows that multiracial churches promote H-A environment for class and race diversity, but not for gender equality. The class and race diversity is affected by organizational structure; on the other hand, gender equality is influenced by theologies. This study finds the answers to this discrepancy from the effect of biblical teachings on classist and sexist attitudes and the cumulative effect of structured domination of women.
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Haigh, Charles Frederick. « Gender differences in SAT scores : analysis by race and socioeconomic level ». Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/941574.

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Gender differences on Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores were analyzed by racial and socioeconomic groupings. Differences in SAT-Math scores, in SAT-Verbal scores, and in the difference between SAT-Math and SAT-Verbal scores were studied using four racial groupings (African American, Asian American, Caucasian American, and Hispanic American) and two socioeconomic groupings (average-to-high income and average-low income) of students. All differences were tested at the .05 level. Socioeconomic status was determined by using federal guidelines for free and reduced school lunches.The population of the study consisted of 7625 students (3962 females and 3663 males) from two school districts. School District A provided the SAT-M and SAT-V scores of 767 African American, 111 Asian American, 5202 Caucasian American, and 101 Hispanic American students. School District B provided the SAT-M and SAT-V scores of 139 African American,'179 Asian American, and 1126 Caucasian American students.Males, as a group, were found to be significantly higher than females in SAT-M scores and in the difference between SAT-M and SAT-V scores. Asian Americans and Caucasian Americans were found to score significantly higher than both African Americans and Hispanic Americans in SAT-M and SAT-V scores. Asian Americans were found to score significantly higher than all other racial groups in the difference between SAT-M and SAT-V scores. Hispanic Americans were found to score significantly lower than Asian Americans and Caucasian Americans and significantly higher than African Americans in SAT-M and SAT-V scores. African Americans were found to. score significantly lower than all other racial groups in SAT-M and SAT-V scores. A significant two-way interaction was found for gender and race in SAT-M scores, in SAT-V scores, and in the difference between SAT-M and. SAT-V scores. Gender differences in SAT scores varied significantly between each racial grouping.Average-to-high socioeconomic groups were found to have significantly higher scores than average-to-low socioeconomic groups in both SAT-M and SAT-V scores. These differences occurred regardless of gender and race. Significant linear differences were also found to occur in the difference between SAT-M and SAT-V scores over a seven year period.
Department of Educational Leadership
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Bostic, Jordan. « No Title IX in Journalism : An Analysis of Subject Gender in Newspaper Sports Columns ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12086/.

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The purpose of this study is to examine gender bias in sports media from the perspective of the sports columnist. The research analyzed 1,082 sports columns written by ten columnists (five male, five female) at newspapers across the United States. The columns were scrutinized to determine if the column subject was male or female. Results found that 84.4% of the sports columns were written about male athletes or men's sports compared to only 9% devoted to female athletes and women's sports. The research also found that female sports columnists write about female sports 12.7% of the time, while male sports columns only dedicate 6% of their columns to female athletes or women's sports. Newspapers with a larger circulation were more likely to have sports columns about female sports than were newspapers with smaller readerships. Six of the columnists were then interviewed to get their opinions on gender issues in sports journalism.
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Railsback, Diane Estelle. « Reading for equality : An examination of gender-bias in children's literature ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/680.

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Fye, Carmen Michelle. « Composition and technology : Examining liminal spaces online ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1950.

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This thesis examines how composition studies have been, and continue to be, shaped by the cultural values of exclusion; this field is "continually magnif[ied] and reproduc[ed] in the complex social conditions connected with those values in fundamental ways much like educational systems in general."
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Ledru, Juliette. « Dialectique de l'américanité et de l'ethnicité dans les représentations littéraires des personnages féminins : l'assimilation à l'épreuve de la fiction sino-américaine féminine (1965-2010) ». Thesis, Le Havre, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEHA0025/document.

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Entre la seconde moitié du XIXème siècle et le début du XXIème siècle, les minorités Sino-américaines ont vécu le passage du statut d’étrangers inassimilables à celui de minorités modèles. Au cœur d’enjeux politiques, économiques, culturels et sociaux, les Chinois et les Sino-américains ont souffert de mesures discriminatoires telles que le Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) et de représentations culturelles orientalistes (le péril jaune) qui ont appuyé le discours assimilationniste exclusionniste, fondé dans le refus d’intégrer les minorités raciales dans la définition de l’américanité. Lorsque les mouvements sociaux des années 1960 ont permis de faire entendre la cause des minorités ethniques, sexuelles et sociales, les Sino-américains sont devenus au regard de la société dominante emblématiques d’une intégration sociale réussie et les représentants d’une assimilation supposément inclusive. Ce travail de recherche propose d’explorer l’évolution et les tensions au cœur du processus d’assimilation aux États-Unis et en particulier celui de personnages féminins de seconde génération dans la littérature produite par des auteures sino-américaines entre 1965 et 2010. Nous proposons d’analyser la façon dont l’assimilation et l’américanité sont représentées, contestées et reconfigurées dans un corpus de quarante-et-une œuvres
Between the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 21st, Chinese American minorities experienced the evolution of their social status from unassimilable aliens to model minorities. At the intersection of political, economic, cultural and social stakes, the Chinese and Chinese Americans were subjected to discriminatory measures such as the Chinese exclusion act (1882) and orientalist cultural representations (the yellow peril) which defended an exclusionary definition of assimilation, based on the refusal to integrate racial minorities in the definition of what it meant to be “American.” When the social movements of the 1960s allowed social, sexual and ethnic minorities to have their voices heard, the American mainstream society turned Chinese Americans into the embodiment of the American success story of integration and of the inclusiveness of American assimilation. This Ph.D. dissertation will explore the evolution and the tensions at the core of the assimilation process in the United States through the prism of the Chinese experience, and more specifically that of second generation female characters in works of fiction by Chinese American female authors (published between 1965 and 2010). We will focus on the way in which assimilation and Americanness are represented, contested and redefined in a syllabus of forty-one works of fiction
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Franks, Kristin N. « Exclusion at the Border : Female Smugglers in Maria Full of Grace and Frozen River ». Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1244470239.

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McKetta, Sarah. « Structural Sexism in the United States and Patterns of Women's Alcohol Use in Recent Decades ». Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-z4g3-nj72.

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Alcohol consumption is a leading cause of morbidity and premature mortality. In the United States, consumption remains highly prevalent, and certain subgroups have been increasing alcohol risks in recent decades. Among these are women in the mid-life, who have increased rates of both alcohol consumption (vs. abstention) and binge drinking (i.e., multiple drinks in a setting). Women’s alcohol use has increased concurrent with social and economic gains. These gains in women’s social and economic status are indicative of broader declines in structural sexism, a macro-level, systematic source of gender inequality. The objective of this dissertation is to examine the associations between state-level structural sexism (e.g.., social, political, and economic gender inequality) and patterns of women’s alcohol consumption. This dissertation is presented in five chapters: first, an introduction; second, a narrative historical review of the relationship between structural sexism in the United States and women’s health outcomes, with a lens towards understanding the theoretical and epidemiologic sources of conflicting study findings; third, an empirical study of the relationship between state-level structural sexism and both alcohol consumption and binge drinking among women in the mid-life in recent cohorts; fourth, an empirical study examining structural sexism as a source of heterogeneity for relationships between women’s social positions—namely, their occupational characteristics—and both alcohol consumption and binge drinking; fifth, a discussion of findings and implications for future research. Materials and methods The narrative literature review drew from empirical studies in public health, criminology, and sociology (N=43 studies). The two empirical aims used longitudinal data from Monitoring the Future (MTF), a national survey examining substance use throughout young adulthood, using data from cohorts who were high school seniors between 1988-2006. For both empirical aims, I measured structural sexism using a factor-analytically derived score based on state-level social and economic indicators of gender inequality, and assessed occasions of alcohol consumption and probability of binge drinking as study outcomes. Both studies used three-level multilevel models to estimate associations between structural sexism and each alcohol outcome. The first empirical aim included a sample of 23,862 women surveyed between 1988-2016, and beyond the marginal association also tested the role of three mediators: depressive symptoms, college completion, and restrictive alcohol norms. The second empirical aim included a sample of 16,571 women in the MTF follow-up surveys between 1989-2016, and examined whether associations among work status, high-status careers, occupational gender composition, and both alcohol outcomes varied across levels of structural sexism using interaction models between occupational characteristics and state structural sexism. Results The review identified the divergent theoretical frameworks and measurement invariance as the most pressing threats to reconciling competing findings. In the review I also observed a dearth of empirical studies relating structural sexism to any behavioral health outcomes, including alcohol use. In the first empirical study, I demonstrated that women living in states with lower levels of structural sexism evidenced increases in both occasions of alcohol consumption (RR: 0.974, 95% CI: 0.971, 0.976) and probability of binge drinking (OR: 0.917, 95% CI: 0.909, 0.926); I showed that this relationship was specific to women (i.e., it was less pronounced among men) and that mediators of this relationship included increases in college completion and decreases in restrictive alcohol norms. In the second empirical study, I found that working women evidenced higher frequencies of alcohol consumption and higher probabilities of binge drinking than non-working women, and that these differences were most pronounced among women in low-sexism environments. At the lowest level of structural sexism, employed women reported higher occasions of consumption (2.61, 95% CI 2.57, 2.64) then unemployed women (2.32, 95% CI 2.27, 2.37). I also found that women in high-status occupations reported more occasions of alcohol consumption than those in low-status occupations, but only in low-sexism environments. Conclusions Lower levels of structural sexism are related to increases in both alcohol consumption and binge drinking among women. In low-sexism environments, working and belonging to a high-status career increases women’s alcohol use. Increases in women’s equality are positive and important social forces, but have conferred new acceptability of alcohol use that has implications for women’s health.
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Gray, Susan Webster. « An examination of selected gender-equity factors in NCAA Division 1-A intercollegiate athletics from 2001-2003 ». Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1161.

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Livres sur le sujet "Sexism – united states"

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Pawlick, J. Edward. Freedom will conquer racism and sexism. Wellesley, MA : Mustard Seeds, 1998.

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Lucas, Samuel Roundfield. Theorizing discrimination in an era of contested prejudice : Discrimination in the United States. Philadelphia : Temple University Press, 2008.

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Sexism and reentry : Job realities for women librarians. Lanham, Md : University Press of America, 1997.

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Lucas, Samuel Roundfield. Theorizing discrimination in an era of contested prejudice : Discrimination in the United States. Philadelphia : Temple University Press, 2008.

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S, Rothenberg Paula, dir. Race, class, andgender in the United States : An integrated study. 2e éd. New York : St. Martin's Press, 1992.

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McKetta, Sarah. Structural Sexism in the United States and Patterns of Women's Alcohol Use in Recent Decades. [New York, N.Y.?] : [publisher not identified], 2021.

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1943-, Rothenberg Paula S., dir. Race, class, and gender in the United States : An integrated study. 7e éd. New York : Worth Publishers, 2007.

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Rothenberg, Paula S. Race, class, and gender in the United States : An integrated study. 8e éd. New York : Worth Publishers, 2010.

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Sexism in America : Alive, well, and ruining our future. Chicago, Ill : Lawrence Hill Books, 2009.

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Ari, Lilakh Lev. The American dream--"for men only" gender, immigration, and the assimilation of Israelis in the United States. New York : LFB Scholarly Pub. LLC, 2008.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Sexism – united states"

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Carian, Emily K. « The Inversive Sexism Scale ». Dans Male Supremacism in the United States, 21–47. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003164722-3.

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Taylor, Sarah, Natasza Kosakowska-Berezecka, Maria Rosario T. de Guzman, Yan Ruth Xia, Irene Padasas et Jan Esteraich. « Romantic Relationships, Dating Violence, and Sexism During Adolescence : A Cross-Cultural Case Study of Poland and the United States ». Dans International and Cultural Psychology, 251–65. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49230-3_12.

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Brooks, Elaine R., Maria Zuñiga et Nolan E. Penn. « The Decline of Public Mental Health in the United States ». Dans Mental Health Racism And Sexism, 51–118. University of Pittsburgh Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.3205992.8.

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« Historical Overview of Health Disparities in the United States ». Dans Examining and Solving Health Disparities in the United States, 18–30. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3874-6.ch002.

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Health disparities in the United States and around the world carry with them a history of cultural bias, fear of the unknown, racism, sexism, ageism, intolerance of religious beliefs, and a desire to retain the status quo. Some people perceive a majority group as superior to demographic groups that are believed to be inferior. However, as the US population becomes increasingly diverse, changes will come. Internationally, globalization and immigration merge the worlds of the poor and rich, as each social class struggles to find their socioeconomic and healthcare footprint in modern-day society. All US citizens will be affected by a failure to unite.
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Wolfe, Leslie R. « 8 The Women’s Movement in the United States : Confronting Racism and Sexism ». Dans Beyond Racism, 231–50. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781588261564-009.

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Akosionu, Odichinma, Janette Dill, Mignon Duffy et J’Mag Karbeah. « 4 Black Lives Matter : Structural Racism, Sexism, and Carework in the United States ». Dans From Crisis to Catastrophe, 36–44. Rutgers University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36019/9781978828599-006.

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Byrd, Brandon R. « “We Are Negroes!” ». Dans To Turn the Whole World Over, 15–37. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042317.003.0002.

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This essay examines the ideas and activism of a woman calling herself Madame Parque, who traveled across the United States giving lectures to black and white audiences during the 1870s. Claiming to be a well-educated, multilingual, and mixed-race Haitian educator, Parque spoke at courthouses, black churches, and black schools throughout the United States, mocking racism and sexism and celebrating Afro-diasporic history and black identity. The woman who presented herself as a Haitian named Madame Parque emboldened African Americans striving for meaningful freedom and prodded white Americans to develop more enlightened perspectives about black people. Her story captures the dynamic ways in which black women influenced the directions of black thought in the postemancipation United States.
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Adjetey, Wendell Nii Laryea. « Immigration, Black Power, and Draft Resisters ». Dans Cross-Border Cosmopolitans, 153–94. University of North Carolina PressChapel Hill, NC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469672113.003.0005.

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Abstract As opposition to the racism, sexism, and imperialism of the Cold War global order intensified, leftists from the Caribbean and Black Panthers and war resisters from the United States sought social and economic refuge in Canada. The racism and latent imperialism of Canadian society compelled activists to agitate for social change. This chapter uncovers the struggles of these African Caribbean and Black and white radicals from the United States, as well as Canadian-born activists, who tried to improve the material conditions of vulnerable groups. It is within this logic that Caribbean immigrants, Black Panthers, and US draft resisters looked north to Canada as a viable alternative to an increasingly repressive US government.
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Beziat, Tara L. R., Kristin M. McCombs, Brooke A. Burks et Jennifer Byrom. « Are Female STEM Majors Academic Risk Takers ? » Dans Critical Research on Sexism and Racism in STEM Fields, 144–52. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0174-9.ch008.

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The existing literature does not focus on risk-taking differences within females and how these differences may influence academic choices in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields. The current project examined differences in academic risk-taking between STEM and non-STEM female students. A total of 272 undergraduates from 3 universities in the United States participated in a total of 2 studies. Results from the first and second studies indicated differences between STEM and non-STEM females in academic risk-taking. Future studies should explore these academic risk-taking differences between STEM and non-STEM female students.
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Okihiro, Gary Y. « Notes from Shinagawa, July 28–29, 2012 ». Dans Trans-Pacific Japanese American Studies. University of Hawai'i Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824847586.003.0016.

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Listening to my Japanese colleagues and reading their analyses and comparing them with what I understand to be Japanese American studies in the United States suggests to me several implications. First, Japan-based scholars seem attentive to the notion of men and women as historical agents, an internal as opposed to external perspective. Whether as migrants, men or women, linguistic communities, commercial actors, Japanese scholars can understand the contexts of racism and sexism, but they appear more keenly attentive to the internal and individual voices and workings of Japanese America. Perhaps this arises from frames; scholars in Japan see Japanese America as extensions of self and Japan, while those in the United States are more focused, at present, on the (wider) contexts of Japanese America, perhaps beginning with the anti-Japanese movement to anchor that experience within U.S. history and society....
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Sexism – united states"

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Viniegra, Rocio Fernandez Santos, Hellen Caroline da Silva Moura, Pamella Dalabeneta Fernandes Santos et Victor Joshua de Aguiar Mello Nascimento. « Bioética e saúde da mulher : um levantamento sobre os temas mais publicados no Brasil ». Dans 46º Congresso da SGORJ e Trocando Ideias XXV. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/jbg-0368-1416-2022132s1008.

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Introdução: A saúde da mulher abrange áreas que envolvem conflitos éticos importantes para a saúde pública por impactar a saúde biológica, social e psicológica, porém muitos desses problemas são agravados pela invisibili-dade, falta de capacitaçã o profissional e insensibilidade social. Dessa forma, é importante o fomento à identificaçã o e às reflexões sobre os conflitos éticos relacionados à saúde da mulher tanto na área assistencial quanto no ensino, no intuito de criar bases para as tomadas de decisão pautadas em consensos prudentes entre os sujeitos envolvidos. Objetivo: Analisar as publicações brasileiras que abordam conflitos/problemas éticos na saúde da mulher, com o objetivo de identificar os temas mais trabalhados, os tipos de estu-dos desenvolvidos e a área profissional que teve interesse em publicá-los. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de trabalhos brasileiros publicados nas bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed)/Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), nos últimos dez anos (2012 até 2022), em português, inglês e espanhol, com os descri-tores: “saúde da mulher”, “bioética”, “problemas éticos” e “conflitos éticos”. Resultados e conclusão: Identificou-se o total de 196 artigos, dos quais foram selecionados 24 para ser analisados após a leitura de título e resumo. As abordagens metodológicas encontradas foram os estudos qualitativos (n=11; 45,8%), reflexões (n=4; 16,6%), estudos quantitativos (n=2; 8,3%), qualiquantitativos (n=2; 8,3%), revisões integrativas (n=2; 8,3%), revisões bibliográficas (n=2; 8,3%) e revisão narrativa (n=1; 4,1%). Os profissio-nais que mais publicaram foram os médicos (n=9; 37,5%) e os enfermeiros (n=8; 33,3%), com a presença também de bioeticistas, psicólogos e equipe multidisciplinar. Os temas mais encontrados nos trabalhos foram: violência sexual e de gênero (n=8; 33,3%), aborto (n=4; 16,6%), gravidez na adoles-cência (n=2; 8,3%), temas relacionados à amamentação (n=2; 8,3%), popu-lação de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, transexuais, queer, intersexo, assexuais e todas as demais variedades da sexualidade humana — LGBTQIA+ (n=2; 8,3%), reprodução assistida, planejamento familiar, parto (episiotomia, religião, HIV) e aspectos culturais (genitoplastia). A saúde da mulher, em sua prática assistencial, apresenta diversos conflitos que precisam de aten-ção, destacando-se temas como violência, aborto, adolescência, população LGBTQIA+, amamentação, entre outros. Percebem-se esforços crescentes nas pesquisas voltadas para a bioética, até mesmo por profissionais das áreas humanas, que extrapolam a visão biomédica e confrontam iniqui-dades históricas. Ressalta-se a necessidade de ampliar o estudo e o ensino sobre temas conflituosos, de estimular o conhecimento de leis e normas rela-cionadas a tais questões, de criar projetos de extensão universitária envol-vendo academia e sociedade civil, além de cobrar a execução de políticas públicas direcionadas à promoçã o e proteçã o da saúde da comunidade e de cada indivíduo; em se tratando das mulheres, elas diariamente sofrem com sexismo, abusos e descasos.
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Ruckman, Sophia, Jigar Bhatt, Jadyn Cook, Peshala Thibbotuwawa Gamage, Bahram Kakavand et Amirtahà Taebi. « Design, Prototype, and Evaluation of a Low-Cost Multimodal Device for Cardiovascular Monitoring ». Dans ASME 2023 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2023-112486.

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Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the United States. In most cases, these diseases go undiagnosed and untreated in the general population until the patient’s health is severely affected. Scanning for these diseases is generally done in a clinical setting, something that not everyone takes advantage of. These tests can also be expensive for many, especially in underserved areas. In that regard, the availability of a low-cost monitoring device can help in the early detection and management of cardiovascular diseases, leading to reduced morbidity, mortality, and associated healthcare costs. The goal of this pilot study is to construct and establish the feasibility of an inexpensive sensing device that is noninvasive and can be used to monitor cardiovascular functions outside of healthcare facilities. This device includes an MPU-6050 inertial measurement unit, an AD8232 signal conditioning block, a MAX30102 sensor, and a microcontroller to measure triaxial seismocardiogram (SCG), triaxial gyrocardiogram (GCG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and the oxygen level of the blood. The sensors were enclosed by a custom-designed case that is composed of various 3D printed parts. The combination of these different modalities assessed both electrical and mechanical aspects of cardiovascular activity. To evaluate the performance of the device, three adult subjects (both sexes: 2 males and 1 female; mean age: 26±5.29 years old) were recruited after institutional review board approval. The subjects were asked to lie in a supine position and breath normally during the experiment. The prototype was placed on the sternum around the 4th intercostal space of the subjects to acquire their SCG, GCG, and ECG signals, as well as the blood oxygen level. The ECG electrodes were placed under the right clavicle, left clavicle, and the lower right side of the abdomen. The signals of interest were also measured simultaneously using more sensitive, expensive, and commercially available sensors (as the gold standard). The signals collected from the prototype were then compared to the gold-standard signals using a similarity index based on dynamic time warping. Results demonstrated a high similarity between the two groups of signals, proving the feasibility of the proposed multimodal device. Future directions for this technology include wireless integration, increased compactness, reduced cost, and clinical testing on a larger and more diverse population including patients with cardiovascular issues. This device will ultimately provide an inexpensive and noninvasive method of scanning for CVDs in the general population.
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Dantas, Rebeca Fernandes de Azevedo, Mariana Eiras Cardoso Conforto, Maria Eduarda Barillari Cano, Patrícia de Oliveira Arruda, Thais Regina Santos et Maria Eduarda Baracuhy Cruz Chaves. « Avaliação da sexualidade no transtorno de espectro autista nos adolescentes ». Dans 46º Congresso da SGORJ e Trocando Ideias XXV. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/jbg-0368-1416-2022132s1006.

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Introdução: O transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) compromete três áreas de desenvolvimento, resultando em dificuldade de comunicação, socia-lização, padrão de comportamento restritivo e repetitivo. Estima-se que a prevalência do TEA na população geral possa ser superior a 1%, acometendo mais o sexo masculino do que feminino. Nesse contexto, mudanças recentes na cultura sexual e atitudes com relação à sexualidade quando correlacio-nadas ao sexo biológico de indivíduos com autismo começaram a desafiar equívocos originais da sexualidade e desencadear novas pesquisas de inte-resse no comportamento sexual deste grupo. Objetivo: Avaliar as diferenças entre os sexos biológicos no comportamento sexual autista na adolescência. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando-se artigos publicados originalmente em inglês, português e espa-nhol do período de 2015 a 2022, extraídos das bases de dados: United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Resultados e conclusão: De início, foram encontrados 235 estu-dos, mas com a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão apenas sete artigos fizeram parte do escopo e análise finais. Quanto ao interesse sexual por sexo biologicamente atribuído aos indivíduos com autismo, constatou--se maior frequência interesse sexual entre homens autistas (85%) do que mulheres autistas (72%), visto que as mulheres conseguem camuflar mais seu desejo e comportamento diante das imposições sociais. No entanto, a existência de uma experiência sexual foi relatada mais por mulheres (40%) do que homens (22%), principalmente em função da diversidade da orien-tação sexual. Ainda, vale ressaltar que a porcentagem de meninas autistas foi maior do que a de meninos autistas com relação ao namoro tanto passado quanto presente. No que tange às experiências sexuais negativas, observa-se que as proporções em meninas (entre 25 e 52%) são mais relevantes do que em meninos (entre 7 e 15%), principalmente quando há uma diversidade na orientação sexual, somadas a diversos fatores, tais como: insegurança, menor autoestima, subestimação das experiências sexuais pelos pais, além do próprio desconhecimento sobre elas. Uma das dimensões da experiên-cia sexual negativa, o arrependimento depois de uma ocorrência, é mais frequente em mulheres (52–65%) do que em homens (32–38%); 60% das mulheres autistas relataram consentimento a um evento sexual indesejado. Ademais, indivíduos autistas em geral mostram grande preocupação a res-peito da interpretação da sua vida sexual pela sociedade. Nesse contexto, évisto que a sexualidade nas mulheres autistas, de forma geral, tem impactos negativos quando comparada à dos homens autistas. Além disso, é neces-sário envolver os pais e os profissionais da saúde e da educação a fim de reconhecer e estabelecer que a educação sexual é fundamental para conhe-cer o próprio corpo, compreender limites, aumentar a segurança pessoal e nos relacionamentos futuros.
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Damasceno, Caroline Graça Mota, Bruna Obeica Vasconcellos, Jacqueline Guimarães de Souza Haimuri, Marcela Ignacchiti Lacerda, Ana Ximena Zunino et Cláudia Márcia de Azevedo Jacyntho. « Proposta para rastreio de Chlamydia/Neisseria em clínica privada ». Dans 46º Congresso da SGORJ e Trocando Ideias XXV. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/jbg-0368-1416-2022132s1042.

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Introdução: As infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) incluem um grupo de doenças de interesse tanto na saúde pública quanto privada, dada sua alta prevalência. O termo IST substituiu o anterior pela característica assintomática de algumas. Entre elas, a clamídia e gonorreia, na maioria dos casos, não provocam sintomas, mas podem ter repercussões consideráveis em ambos os sexos, especialmente na fertilidade, e uma forma de rastreio deve ser discutida. Objetivos: Propor rotina de rastreio para clamídia e gonorreia em clínicas privadas, bem como população-alvo. Materiais e métodos: Revisão de artigos buscados nas bases de dados United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Journal of the American Medical Association (Jama) com os descritores “screening for chlamydia", “screening for N. gonorrhea", “screening for STIs”, dos anos 2016 a 2022. Resultados: A clamídia e a gonorreia não são doenças de notificação compulsória no Brasil, mas sua incidência vem crescendo, principalmente em adolescentes e adultos jovens. As complicações podem ser doença inflamatória pélvica, infertilidade, complicações gestacionais e dor pélvica crônica. Por serem assintomáticas na maioria dos casos, uma forma de rastreio é por meio de testes de amplificação de ácido nucleico (NAAT) para seus agentes etiológicos, que possuem alta sensibilidade e especificidade, além de poderem ser realizados com diversos tipos de amostra. O rastreio deveria ser realizado em todas as mulheres sexualmente ativas abaixo dos 30 anos, por seu maior risco de exposição; em gestantes no primeiro e terceiro trimestre, evitando assim complicações neonatais; em mulheres que vivem com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) ou tenham diagnóstico de outra IST ou parceiro com IST no último ano, pelo maior risco de coinfecção; em mulheres sem relacionamento estável, antes de inserção de DIU, de realização de excisão de zona de transformação/conização, de histeroscopia ou histerossalpingografia, uma vez que tais procedimentos podem aumentar o risco de ascensão dos microrganismos, de pós-exposição ao HIV pelo contato com esta IST, e nas mulheres que receberam atendimento por terem sofrido violência sexual, uma vez que já é realizado o rastreio para as outras IST. Já o intervalo entre testes não foi determinado ainda com bases científicas consistentes e deve se dar de acordo com novas exposições de risco da paciente. Nós sugerimos, como a maioria dos protocolos, que o teste seja realizado de forma anual nas clínicas privadas, até semestral em grupos de altíssimo risco, e repetido três meses após o tratamento. A coleta é realizada com swab, que deve ser conservado em meio próprio e enviado para análise. Também se deve fazer rastreio para outras IST, assim como orientar a vacinação, principalmente para papilomavírus humano (HPV) e hepatite B. Conclusão: O rastreio, por mais que represente um custo, deve ser realizado por ser não invasivo e permitir a detecção precoce e o tratamento de IST que possuem alta morbidade para as pacientes. Além disso, diminui os gastos dos planos de saúde com o manejo das complicações de tais doenças, muito mais custoso do que o rastreio.
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