Thèses sur le sujet « Servetta »

Servera R&S AB is Sweden’s largest wholesale company within the restaurant and food service industry. Servera R&S AB is the daughter company to Axel Johnson AB, which in turn is a part of the Axel Johnson Group with Antonia Ax:son Johnson as the owner.

Servera is a nation wide company with a business concept of offering a complete selection of merchandise and services to the professional food service market. The company is split into for different regions: the north region, the middle region, the southwest region, and the southeast region and has its headquarter in Stockholm. In every region there is a regional office and warehouse. The southeast region includes Blekinge, Småland, Öland, Gotland, Östergötland and Stockholm including Södertälje. The regional warehouse as well as the sales office for this region is located in Norrköping.

Servera is heavily dependent on road transportations. There are approximately 38 deliveries leaving the regional warehouse in Norrköping on a daily basis. These are either delivered directly to the customer or to distribution points in the region. These factors create a high importance when the routes are planed out.

The deliveries today are on fixed routes and the work to coordinate the deliveries is done by the delivery supervisor. The planning of the routes is always done one day in advance, meaning that the deliveries planed out today will be sent out tomorrow. The issue evolving by this is the delivery supervisor estimating the number of trucks that will be needed the following day. The only tool the supervisor has to use for this is Servera’s internal database system called Servo. Servo is a complete ASW-system, modified to serve Servera’s wholesale of provisions. Servo contains information about customers, incoming deliveries, stock, deliveries, purchases, sales, etc.

The southeast region plans to introduce a new routing system to its operation. Today’s route planning is somewhat inefficient and non-flexible. The goal is to increase the efficiency and lower the logistic cost, but at the same time maintain the current service for the customers. The routingprogram in mind is Roadshow 1.5, which is owned and developed by Canadian based Descartes System Group Inc. located in Waterloo. Roadshow 1.5 is a dynamic route planning system developed to ease the work of planning deliveries.

Roadshow lets the user create, edit, update, and simulate routes based on conditions in the operation. At every simulation, Roadshow will consider the cost factors that have been preprogrammed and will calculate and propose the most cost efficient route for the deliveries.

The purpose of this project was to get a better understanding of how an introduction of the route planning system, Roadshow 1.5, will affect the southeast region operations with regards to cost, routine, flow as well as the administration in general. In order to achieve this, two scenarios were simulated in Roadshow. In the first scenario, the fixed routes were kept but they were reorganized in order to try to cut back cost. In the second scenario Roadshow was allowed to completely create new routes based on the conditions for Servera. The results were then reviewed and analyzed resulting in an answer to if Roadshow is a profitable investment for the southeast region of Servera.

To understand the roots and the context in which discrimination against attendant laborers (servants) in construction is generated and reproduced, as well as their psychosocial implications. This was the guiding objective of this research, developed through a case study. It fits in the so-called Clinics of Labor, specifically in the Psychosociology strand that seeks to establish a relationship between Ergology and Clinics of Activity for the understanding and transformation of work situations. The field of study was a small private company in the construction business, located in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The research was divided into three stages: (a) preliminary studies, (b) ergonomic observations and interviews and (c) categorization of the interviews and structure of the text. It was found a striking contradiction between the speeches addressed to the servant when speaking of his activity from common sense ("he who can do nothing") and speeches that are made considering the analysis of the actual work of these professionals (without the attendant the officer does nothing"). Besides that, it was noticed that the servant condition embodies a set of characteristics treated as negative, which hinder the formation of a positive self-image and identity by those who are marked by it (low education level, lack of expertise that characterizes "an art", the maximum level of heteronomy, "dirty" and heavy work, poverty). It was also found that the category discrimination has an important political function (social control) by weakening and breaking down cohesion and collective organization. The study reveals the coexistence of sophisticated mechanisms of construction production and the placing of human beings into humiliating and/or degrading conditions, which is classified as ethically and morally untenable. It also suggests that the neglect of investments focused on human development, in the work context, seems counterproductive, even under the profit logic. Finally, the considerations point to the need of overcoming the old social order and to create a new concept of work in our societies.
Compreender as raízes e o contexto em que é gerada e reproduzida a discriminação contra a categoria dos serventes na construção civil, bem como suas implicações psicossociais. Este foi o objetivo norteador da realização desta investigação, desenvolvida através de um estudo de caso. Ela se inscreve nas chamadas Clínicas do Trabalho, mais especificamente na vertente da Psicossociologia que busca estabelecer uma relação entre a Ergologia e a Clínica da Atividade para a compreensão e transformação das situações de trabalho. Tomou-se como campo do estudo uma empresa privada de pequeno porte do ramo da construção civil, situada na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte/MG. A pesquisa foi dividida em três etapas: (a) estudos preliminares; (b) observações ergonômicas e entrevistas e (c) categorização das verbalizações e estruturação do texto. Constatou-se uma marcante contradição entre os discursos dirigidos ao servente quando falam de sua atividade a partir do senso comum (aquele que não sabe fazer nada) e os discursos que partem da análise do trabalho real desses profissionais (sem o servente o oficial não faz nada). Além disso, revelou-se que a condição servente encarna um conjunto de características assimiladas como negativas, que dificultam a formação de uma auto-imagem e de uma identidade positivas por parte daquelesque são por ela marcados (baixa escolaridade, ausência de especialização que caracterize uma arte, nível máximo de heteronomia, trabalho sujo e pesado, pobreza). Identificou-se também que a discriminação da categoria exerce importante função política (controle social) através do enfraquecimento (ou mesmo anulação) da coesão e organização coletivas. O estudo denuncia a coexistência dos mais sofisticados mecanismos de produção e a sujeição de seres humanos a relações/situações de vida e trabalho humilhantes e/ou degradantes, contradição classificada como ética e moralmente insustentável. Ele sugere ainda que a negligência de investimentos focados no desenvolvimento humano, no contexto de trabalho, mostra-se contraproducente, mesmo que sob a lógica do lucro. Finalmente, as considerações apontam para a necessidade de superação da velha ordem social e criação de outro conceito de trabalho em nossas sociedades.

Miguel Serveto ha sido una de las figuras españolas más relevantes del Renacimiento. Por una parte, por su amplia cultura multidisciplinar propia de dicha época, además de su independencia de cualquier clero o sistema oficialmente establecido. Así llegó a ocupar un lugar de honor en una encrucijada clave para el desarrollo cultural europeo de la época. Su conocimiento de las lenguas clásicas propias del trilinguis homo: latín, griego y hebreo, le permitió leer obras clásicas que todavía no habían sido traducidas al latín. En su obra principal, Christianismi Restitutio, da muestras de una extraordinaria erudición, llegando a describir perfectamente la circulación menor de la sangre e intuyendo el círculo mayor.Sin embargo, aunque el verdadero descubridor de la circulación menor de la sangre fue el árabe Ibn an-Nafís (1210), su manuscrito no fue conocido hasta 1924. Por lo que a Serveto le pertenece el mérito de la primera descripción impresa de la circulación menor de la sangre en 1553, siendo muy probable que la conociera aún antes. La falta de referencias anteriores a este trascendental descubrimiento en otros autores de la época, como su compañero de disección Vesalio o incluso en autores como el italiano Colombo, o el también español Valverde, dan a Serveto la prioridad en el descubrimiento. Aún así, lo que realmente tiene una gran importancia es el contexto en el que aparece, es decir, en una obra de teología y recurriendo a argumentos y autores enmarcados dentro de lo que se puede denominar literatura hermética. Así pues, Serveto aplica a la anatomía y a la fisiología unas ideas teológicas o herméticas como la doctrina del pneuma o del aliento vital, así como ciertas doctrinas del alma.Hasta ahora la obra más conocida de Serveto es la teológica y la médica, motivo de múltiples estudios tanto españoles como extranjeros. Pero todavía quedaba un vacío en la obra de Serveto por estudiar, como es el aspecto astrológico y hermético, hecho que han resaltado claramente algunos estudiosos de la obra de éste como Bainton, Alcalá o el mismo José Barón.El motivo inicial de esta tesis fue el de profundizar en las ideas astronómicas y astrológicas de Miguel Serveto. Pero al comenzar a analizar su obra principal, Christianismi Restitutio, se puso de manifiesto la necesidad de aclarar igualmente ciertos conceptos empleados por Serveto y estudiar las posibles influencias de ciertas obras, autores o ideas muy poco conocidas hasta ahora en relación con su obra, como son los textos herméticos y las doctrinas del alma en relación con la astrología antigua.Así, la vía: Egipto-autores clásicos como Platón, Hipócrates, Estoicos, Plotino, Filón, Porfirio, etc.-Corpus Hermeticum-Renacimiento-Serveto, se convierte en una hipótesis de trabajo. Por otra parte, mis estudios sobre la lengua egipcia en la facultad de Teología de Valencia me han ayudado determinantemente en esta idea.El Corpus Hermeticum revolucionó el pensamiento renacentista desde su traducción y publicación, hacia 1471, por Marsilio Ficino por encargo de Cosme de Medicis. Todos los humanistas, desde Ficino hasta Bruno o Serveto, encontraron en Hermes la autoridad, el prestigio y la legitimidad necesaria para su reforma cultural.Para Serveto el aliento vital tenía que entrar desde el exterior porque éste, como el pneuma, está presente en el aire. Y tenía que hacerlo especialmente en el momento del nacimiento porque es en este momento cuando entra el alma en el recién nacido. La obra claramente astrológica de Serveto es la Apologetica disceptatio pro astrologia, de la que se ofrece aquí la primera traducción castellana con notas y comentarios.
Miguel Serveto has been one of the most relevant Spanish figures in the Renaissance. In one hand, due to his wide multidisciplinary culture, usual in that epoch, besides his independence from any kind of church or official establishment. He reached an honour position in a crucial crossroads for the European cultural development in that moment. His knowledge of all classic languages within the trilinguis homo: Latin, Greek and Hebrew, let him read classic works that hadn't been translated yet to Latin. In this main work, Christianismi Restitutio, shows an extraordinary erudition, describing perfectly the minor blood circulation and sensing the major circle.However, although the real discoverer of the minor blood circulation was the Arabian Ibn an-Nafis (1210), his manuscript wasn't known till 1924. So the first printed description of the minor blood circulation in 1553 belongs to Serveto, even though it's probable he knew it much before. Apart from this, the real importance is the context in which it appears, that is, in a theological work and resorting to arguments and authors framed within the hermetic literature. So, Serveto applies some theological and hermetic ideas as pneuma or life breath doctrine to Anatomy and Physiology, so as some doctrines of the soul.Up to now the most known work by Serveto has been the theological and medical one, aim of several studies, Spanish and foreigners. But there was a void to study in Serveto's opus, the astrological and hermetic aspect, a fact pointed by some scholars as Bainton, Alcalá o José Barón.The astrological thought in the Renaissance and especially in Serveto's opus, is more than a pure anecdote, and much more than the sketches of the later Astronomy. The Astrology appears in this way as an extremely complex discipline for its implications and its multidisciplinary criss-crossings. The correspondence between the macrocosmos and the microcosmos, the law of analogy and the universal sympathy are an evident example of its complexity. The Science Philosophy has taken curiously some of these ideas as the holographic principle and the chaos theories seem to confirm the correspondence between the whole and the part.

Inom grossistbranschen associeras distributionen med svårigheter så som många kunder, små godsvolymer per kund och krav på korta ledtider. Många kunder kräver dessutom leveranser inom vissa tidsfönster. Dessa faktorer ställer höga krav på logistiken och skapar behov om hög leveransservice.

Inom transportbranschen råder idag generellt en relativt låg datormognad. Sedan tidigare finns avancerade digitala informationssystem tillgängliga för inköp, ordermottagning och lagerkontroll. Utvecklingen går dock mot att även logistik- och transportavdelningarna i större utsträckning börjar använda sig av mer avancerade transporttekniska hjälpmedel. Exempel på sådana är ruttoptimeringsprogram som kan användas för att beräkna optimala körvägar.

Servera R&S är en restauranggrossist som har ett antal lager utspridda i Sverige. Då deras kundkrets i stockholmsområdet under senare år blivit allt större har även antalet lossningsplatser ökat drastiskt. Godset till dessa förses från lager placerade i Norrköping och Västerås. Godset från Norrköping samlas och packas om i en terminal i Årsta innan det transporteras vidare till kunderna i Stockholm.

Servera R&S efterfrågade en analys av deras distribution i Stockholm. Detta för att undersöka om nuvarande distributionsstrategier är kostnadseffektiva. Syftet var att finna möjliga förändringar i verksamheten som skulle kunna medföra förbättringar för distributionen till kunder i Stockholm. Målet innefattade att finna förbättringsförslag som skulle innebära ett bättre användande av distributionsnätverkets resurser, minskade transportkostnader och ökad leveransservice.

Inledningsvis genomfördes en nulägesanalys för att kartlägga arbetsmetoder och tillvägagångssätt vid distributionen. Utifrån intervjuer och enkätundersökningar skapades sedan en modell av distributionen i vilken det verkliga trafikarbetet efterliknades. Denna användes vid simuleringar i ett ruttoptimeringsprogram med syftet att påvisa förbättringsmöjligheter. Under analysfasen studerades distributionsprocessen och simuleringsresultaten med målet att ta fram förslag på förbättringar och annorlunda tillvägagångssätt vid terminalhantering och transport.

Studien visar att det i distributionsprocessen finns stora möjligheter för förbättringar gällande terminalhantering och godstransporter. Ruttoptimeringen påvisar stora besparingsmöjligheter gällande transporttid, antalet körda kilometer och antalet använda fordon i distributionsarbetet. Simuleringsresultaten visar exempelvis en minskning av den totala transportsträckan med upp till 30 procent. Då transportsträckan står i direkt relation till transportkostnaderna skulle en sådan minskning innebära reducerade kostnader för distributionen.

Within the wholesale sector, the distribution is often associated with difficulties, such as many customers and a requirement for short lead times. A lot of customers also demand delivery within certain time windows. These factors all contribute to a high level of strain on the logistics.

In general, the amount of computer usage within the transportation industry is relatively low. However, advanced information systems are available for order handling and inventory management, and a lot of software for distribution planning and vehicle routing have surfaced as of recently. These often combine digital maps and optimization algorithms, and can be used for calculating optimized routes within the distribution.

Servera R&S is a wholesale company with a number of warehouses in different parts of Sweden. As of lately, their clientele in Stockholm has expanded, and the number of delivery points have increased drastically. The customers in Stockholm are provided with goods from warehouses in Norrköping and Västerås. The goods from Norrköping passes through a transfer terminal in Årsta before it is delivered to the customer in Stockholm.

Servera R&S is requesting an analysis of their distribution in Stockholm. They want to determine whether their distribution strategies are economically effective or not. Within this study, we aim to analyze different distribution strategies, which may or may not result in improvements of the efficiency of the distribution process. The purpose is to find solutions that better use the recourses of the distribution network (i.e. vehicles and personnel etc.), increase the level of delivery service and reduce the transportation costs.

A survey analysis was carried out to map work methods and procedures within the distribution process. Interviews and surveys were used in the process of creating a basis for the optimization tool. Simulations were performed in an attempt to demonstrate the possibilities for decreasing distribution costs through the use of a vehicle routing program. During the analysis, the distribution process and the results from the simulations were studied with an aim to find possible improvements in the way that goods and information are handled within the warehouses and during the transports.

The study shows a lot of possibilities for improvements within the distribution process. The route optimization prove a potential for decreasing costs regarding transportation time, distances and the number of vehicles used within the distribution. For example, the simulations show that the distances can be decreased with as much as 30 percent.

Bakgrund: Trots plastfilmen negativa miljöpåverkan används den idag i hög utsträckning som förpackningsmaterial vid lastsäkring, detta då plastens materialegenskaper överträffar andra konkurrerade material. Plastfilm är ett förbrukningsmaterial, vilket gör att det inte kan återanvändas och stora mängder avfall skapas. Trots vetskapen om plastavfallets negativa påverkan på miljön läggs tonvikten på den ekonomiska aspekten när förpackningsmaterial diskuteras, medans miljön utlämnas eller har mindre fokus. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att utifrån identifierade faktorer utvärdera alternativa lastsäkringsmetoder som leder till en minskad användning av plastfilm utan att äventyra kvalitén på livsmedelsvaror under transport. Frågeställningar: (1) Vilka faktorer påverkar val av lastsäkringsmetod vid samlastade livsmedel? (2) Vilka alternativa lastsäkringsmetoder kan vidtas för att minska användningen av plastfilm i lastsäkringsprocessen? Genomförande: Denna studie motsvarar en enfallsstudie som är utförd hos Martin & Servera. Empiri insamling har främst skett via semi-strukturerade intervjuer och direkta observationer. I och med Covid-19 har även strukturerade intervjuer behövs genomföras. Utifrån observationer och intervjuer har en kartläggning av Martin & Serveras utgående logistik samt lastsäkringsprocess skett för att finna faktorer som påverkar valet av lastsäkringsmetod. Faktorerna har stått till grund vid framtagning av utvärderingskriterier, som har använts för att utvärdera alternativa lastsäkringsmetoder. De alternativa metoderna är funna genom intervjuer. Resultat: Totalt identifierades sju faktorer som påverkar val av lastsäkring metod: förpackningsformer, typ av lagersystem, lagerarbetare, krav/lagar/regleringar, typ av lastbärare, omslagsmaterialets egenskaper samt vilket typ av produkt som hanteras. Utifrån faktorerna framställdes utvärderingskriterier som sedan applicerades på fyra alternativa lastsäkringsmetoder (Plastskiva, Add-On Door Flex, 2 Kompletterande Dörrar samt Bioplastfilm). Samtliga metoder bidrog till minskad användning av plastfilm. Utifrån utvärderingskriterierna; Skydd & Stabilitet, Krav/Lagar/Reglering, Kostnad, Tidsåtgång, Miljö rekommenderas plastskivan som första alternativa lastsäkringsmetoden till plastfilm.

Karlstad kommun har de senaste åren arbetat med projektet ”Klimatsmart mat” där kommunen fokuserat på hållbarhetsfrågor inom måltidsverksamheter i skolor. Konceptet One planet plate har testats för första gången i skolor och Karlstad kommun var först ut i Sverige att prova.  Det här är en kvalitativ studie som har genomförts via personliga intervjuer med fyra stycken kostansvariga på de skolor som var utvalda att delta i One planet platesamt kommunens koststrateg. Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka hur de utvalda skolorna upplever att konceptet har fungerat på deras arbetsplats samt vilka möjligheter och hinder de upplever att det klimatsmarta arbetet ger upphov till. Studien har visat att One planet platehar upplevts som ett konkret och enkelt verktyg för de kostansvariga att använda sig av. Det har dock tagit mycket tid och planering att skapa recept som håller sig inom gränsvärdet för koldioxidutsläpp. För att förbättra konceptet föreslås att måltiderna bör kombineras med pedagogisk undervisning angående matens klimatpåverkan för att skapa en bättre förståelse hos eleverna.  I det klimatsmarta arbetet har flera hinder och möjligheter beskrivits och de viktigaste handlar om ekonomiska förutsättningar och politikers makt att påverka. Även att erbjuda klimatsmart mat från tidig ålder har lyfts som betydande för att kunna förändra attityder och kunskap som skapar långsiktiga hållbara vanor.
Karlstad community has been working with the project ”Climate-smart food” where the community in the past years has been focusing on sustainability questions within school canteens. The concept ”One planet plate” has been tested for the first time in schools and Karlstad community was the first in Sweden to try it. This is a qualitative study, carried out by interviewing those four people responsible for catering at the selected schools within one planet plateand the food strategist of the community. The purpose of this study have been to examine how the chosen schools experience that the concept have worked on their working place and which opportunities and obstacles they find the climate smart work causes. The study have found that one planet platehas been perceived as a concrete and easy tool for those responsible of the cantines to use. However, it has been time consuming to create recipes whitin the limits of carbon emissions. To improve the concept they suggest to combine the meals with educational teaching concerning the climate impact of food, to create a better understanding for the students. In the climate-smart work various obstacles and opportunities were described and the most important concerns financial prerequisites and the power politicians have to affect. Also, to offer climate-smart food from an early age have been lifted as important to be able to change attitudes and knowledge that creates long-term sustainable habits.

Syftet med det här arbetet är att undersöka och belysa vad sex lärare i årskurs fyra och fem anser om det matematiska språket och det matematiska samtalet, hur lärarna anser sig arbeta med samtalet och språket i undervisningen samt hur lärarna genom samtalet stödjer eleverna. Vi vill med det här arbetet även undersöka hur det ser ut under en matematiklektion för att lärarna ska kunna bli medvetna om hur deras arbete kan se ut och om det stämmer överens med deras intentioner med undervisningen. Undersökningen är kvalitativ med deltagande observationer och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Utifrån begreppsteorier har vi arbetat fram samtalskategorier och språkkategorier som vi har använt oss av vid sammanställandet av data. Resultatet av denna undersökning har visat att lärarna ser positivt på arbetet med det matematiska samtalet och ett matematiskt språk, och vill ge tid och plats till detta i undervisningen. Samtliga lärare använder sig i hög grad av ett matematiskt språk och lärarna beskriver flera olika sätt att genom samtalet stödja eleverna på. Under de observerade lektionerna förekom främst metoden lotsning i de stödjande samtalen, något som även forskning visat vara en vanligt använd metod.

Motivation: Debaser started of as a rock club with live acts located in a shabby basement in the center of Stockholm in 2002. Thirteen years later the organization has grown into including restaurants, conference locations and rentals. Despite the drastic changes it still manages to keep its original image of a unpolished rebel. It is interesting to look at what changes that have been made and how the organization has worked in order to keep its image intact. Problem statement: By using this case the thesis aim to explore how to change a brand while keeping its original image. Also how strategic communication can be used in that process to keep the legitimacy intact. This will be done by asking if and how strategic external communication can be used to change such image and to what degree? Approach: We have conducted qualitative interviews with CEOs, managers and other employees to understand not only what strategies has been used but also in hope to gain some insight into the thoughts of implementers and stakeholders. This is complemented by a quantitative content analysis of visual PR materials throughout the history of the organization. This is used as a historical mapping to confirm the material from the interviews and show patterns and trends in the external comunication which affects the stakeholders image of the company. Furthermore this thesis aim to test how the current theories about rebranding works in this type of brand. Results and Conclusions: The results show it’s possible to make a re-branding of a service brand as long as it goes along with the original concept of the service provided. The product is secondary to the experience given to the costumers in this types of brands. Keywords: Re-branding, Branding, Service Brands, External Communication, Strategic Communication, Debase Paper type: Bachelor’s thesis

A partir d'une étude comparée d'organisations non-gouvernementales de défense des droits de l'Homme au Kenya et au Cameroun, notre travail montre que les droits de l'Homme, en tant que discours de revendication et de protestation, ne sont pas universellement efficaces. Les usages, par des groupes non étatiques, de ces principes reconnus par tous sont redevables des conditions de déploiement d'une action collective dans des contextes de récente libéralisation. L'émergence et les tentatives de pérennisation de ces nouveaux groupes politiques mettent en évidence les tensions entre contraintes historiques et marges d'invention encadrant tout type d'action collective. Alors que la forme inédite ou mimétique des organisations traduit les possibilités d'innovation face aux contraintes de l'environnement politique, le vivier de militants susceptibles d'user des droits de l'homme comme discours de revendication apparaît dépendant de l'histoire des oppositions dans ces pays. De plus, bien que la relative flexibilité des répertoires d'action concourt à sa diffusion à partir de supports divers, la disponibilité de discours et de symboles partagés et construits historiquement demeure déterminante pour énoncer les droits de l'Homme et asseoir leur légitimité. Enfin, si la participation des organisations de défense des droits de l'Homme à l'action publique se transforme au gré de leurs interactions avec les autorités, elle est tributaire des modes historiques de ces relations, et son efficacité est contrainte par les limites internes aux discours des droits de l'Homme et aux réformes menées en leur nom. Finalement, à la question de départ : "à quoi servent les droits de l'Homme?", ce travail répond qu'en tant qu'objet d'étude, les usages des droits de l'Homme permettent d'explorer les cultures du politique et certains mécanismes institutionnels des régimes étudiés ; il démontre, qu'en tant qu'objet de revendication et de protestation, les droits de l'Homme ne sont pas en eux-mêmes un vecteur puissant et suffisant du changement politique.

A partir d'une étude comparée d'organisations non-gouvernementales de défense des droits de l'Homme au Kenya et au Cameroun, notre travail montre que les droits de l'Homme, en tant que discours de revendication et de protestation, ne sont pas universellement efficaces. Les usages, par des groupes non étatiques, de ces principes reconnus par tous sont redevables des conditions de déploiement d'une action collective dans des contextes de récente libéralisation. L'émergence et les tentatives de pérennisation de ces nouveaux groupes politiques mettent en évidence les tensions entre contraintes historiques et marges d'invention encadrant tout type d'action collective. Alors que la forme inédite ou mimétique des organisations traduit les possibilités d'innovation face aux contraintes de l'environnement politique, le vivier de militants susceptibles d'user des droits de l'homme comme discours de revendication apparaît dépendant de l'histoire des oppositions dans ces pays. De plus, bien que la relative flexibilité des répertoires d'action concourt à sa diffusion à partir de supports divers, la disponibilité de discours et de symboles partagés et construits historiquement demeure déterminante pour énoncer les droits de l'Homme et asseoir leur légitimité. Enfin, si la participation des organisations de défense des droits de l'Homme à l'action publique se transforme au gré de leurs interactions avec les autorités, elle est tributaire des modes historiques de ces relations, et son efficacité est contrainte par les limites internes aux discours des droits de l'Homme et aux réformes menées en leur nom. Finalement, à la question de départ : "à quoi servent les droits de l'Homme?", ce travail répond qu'en tant qu'objet d'étude, les usages des droits de l'Homme permettent d'explorer les cultures du politique et certains mécanismes institutionnels des régimes étudiés ; il démontre, qu'en tant qu'objet de revendication et de protestation, les droits de l'Homme ne sont pas en eux-mêmes un vecteur puissant et suffisant du changement politique.

Title – Incorporating Sustainability in The Strategic Management Process of The Business: A Case Study on Martin & Servera Purpose – In sustainability literature why a business should integrate sustainability in the strategies and activities has been well established, but the question of how is not yet widely explored. The purpose of the study is to investigate empirically, how companies can integrate sustainability into their core of the business through the strategic management process with the help of a case study. Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative research method has been used in this single case study using both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through semi-structured interviews with some of the key personnel of the case company. Findings – Empirical findings show that the company should follow a structured and systematic process to incorporate sustainability in the strategic management process of the company. This starts with defining the long-term sustainability goals which are shaped up by the corporate principles and internal and external factors. During the implementation of the strategies, strong polices and process helps companies to embed sustainability in the organizational culture and measuring sustainability performance against set KPIs guides company to evaluate its contribution towards sustainability. Research limitations/implications – Single case study and only qualitative data analysis are the major limitations of the study, furthermore, COVIC – 19  has severely impacted the planned data collection. Originality/value – This study presents a conceptual framework to incorporate sustainability in the strategies and activities through the strategic management process of the company and then tested that with empirical findings.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a visão de uma parcela do funcionalismo municipal sobre as antigas funções clássicas da burocracia hierarquia, capacitação e qualificação técnica-, conjugadas agora, com o fortalecimento de mecanismos de ampliação dos processos decisórios através da participação popular e da responsabilização do poder público neste processo. Como competência administrativa convive com inovações que visam a implantação e o aprofundamento da democracia numa cidade governada pela esquerda?
The purpose of this Dissertation is to analyse the local civil servent views about the classic functions of bureaucracy -hierarchy, technical expertise- in contrast now with the changes in local policy-making process turn out by increasing in political participation and accountability processes. How can administrativa proficiency rub shoulders with change toward democracy deepen in a town with a left-wing government?

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar dois trechos rodoviários não pavimentados localizados no Campus da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG, quanto aos aspectos pedológicos, geotécnicos, características geométricas, condições de tráfego e serventia. Foram coletadas quinze amostras representativas dos solos da região de Viçosa, MG ao longo dos taludes de corte e sub leito das estradas para realização de ensaios de caracterização, classificação TRB, USCS e MCT, compactação e CBR 1. Procedeu-se o levantamento planialtimétrico dos dois trechos com a utilização de equipamento do tipo estação total e posteriormente foram feitas medições das condições de serventia das estradas empregando-se o método desenvolvido por Eaton et al. (1997). A partir da classificação MCT verificou-se que solos considerados de comportamento de fraco a pobre para utilização como subleito pela classificação TRB, têm potencialidade para serem utilizados na melhoria dessas vias. O método de Eaton et al. (1997) demonstrou ser eficiente para avaliação das rodovias não pavimentadas, no entanto foram observadas algumas dificuldades para aplicação à realidade de nossas estradas devido às peculiaridades de fatores físicos do país de origem do método.
This study aimed characterization of two non-paved road segments located at the Fedreal University of Viçosa campus. Viçosa- MG relating pedological, geotechnical, geometric, traffic conditions and road usefulness. Fifteen representative samples were collected from two roads segments located in Viçosa, MG, from cut slopes and sub-grade for characterization; TRB, USCS, and MCT classification; compaction, and CBR1pt. A total station was used to survey the road segments to allow profiling of the road platform. Road usefulness was later measured using the methodology presented by Eaton et al. (1997). Based on MCT classification, the soil was considerered poor for use as road sub-grade; using the TRB classification, the same soil was considered potentially apt for improvement of these segments. The methodology introduced by Eaton et al. (1997) presented itself to be efficient in evaluating non-paved roads. However, some difficulties were encountered when trying to apply the method to the reality of Brazilian roads because of the unique properties of the soils for which the method was initially developed.

För att kunna vara konkurrenskraftig är en hög leveranssäkerhet viktigt för många företag. Leveranssäkerhet är extra viktigt för logistikföretag därför att leverera i rätt tid och till rätt kvalitet utgör deras kärnverksamhet. Kunder kräver även hög leveranssäkerhet när de väljer sina leverantörer, vilket innebär att leveranssäkerhet blir ett krav för att ett företag ska anses som ett alternativ för kunden. Martin & Servera Logistik är ett logistikföretag inom livsmedelsbranschen och hanterar cirka 6000 leveranser varje dag. De arbetar kontinuerligt med att förbättra sin leveranssäkerhet, vilket mäts i antal kundreklamationer. En del av dessa reklamationer uppstår på grund av avvikelser i transportprocessen, vilket leder till kvalitetsbristkostnader i form av returer och omarbeten.  Syftet med denna studie är att utreda problem och brister som kan uppstå i transportprocesser hos logistikföretag, specifikt inom livsmedelsbranschen. Studien syftar även till att ge exempel på förbättringar som kan implementeras för att höja leveranssäkerheten och minska kvalitetsbristkostnader. För att uppnå syftet har en fallstudie genomförts hos Martin & Servera Logistik. Studien har bedrivits som ett Sex-Sigma projekt där problemlösningsmetoden DMAIC har använts. Akronymen DMAIC står för Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve och Control.  Projektet har inneburit analys av både kvantitativa och kvalitativa data. En litteraturstudie har genomförts för att förklara sambandet mellan leveranssäkerhet och kvalitetsbristkostnader och hur dessa kan påverkas med hjälp av processutveckling. Insamling av data har gjorts genom intervjuer och en fokusgrupp. Analys har genomförts med hjälp av metoder inom statistisk processtyrning, processkartläggning, och tematisk analys av intervjuer.  Från studien framkom att de vanligaste kvalitetsbristerna som uppstår i en transportprocess är olika former av transportskador samt att varor saknas vid leverans. Bland de vanligaste orsakerna till kvalitetsbrister som identifierades fanns feltemperering, krosskador och felplacerat gods. Exempel på förbättringsåtgärder för att höja leveranssäkerheten är att koppla orsakklassificeringar till specifika processaktiviteter, till exempel i ett avvikelsehanteringssystem.  Utifrån studiens resultat kan det konstaterats att minskade kvalitetsbristkostnader kan utgöra ett mått på ökad leveranssäkerhet, vilket kan uppnås genom kontinuerligt arbete med processutveckling. Baserat på tidigare studier kan det även konstateras att leveranssäkerhet kan bidra till minskat slöseri i transportprocesser och på så vis bidra till hållbar utveckling. Kravet på leveranssäkerhet för att förbli konkurrenskraftig kan därigenom användas som incitament för att utveckla företagets processer. Detta kan göras i syfte att minska kostnader, öka kundtillfredsställelse och bidra till hållbar utveckling.

Utifrån ett folkhälso- och samhällsperspektiv är livsmedelsproduktionen den största orsaken till globala miljöförändringar och även en riskfaktor för ohälsa. Samtidigt är kost en grundläggande bestämningsfaktor för hälsa. Restauranger har ett stort inflytande till att påverka en hållbar konsumtion och produktion, och för att gynna det globala ekosystemet. Samtidigt bär restauranger ett ansvar attservera miljövänlig mat, vilket är fördelaktigt ur ett folkhälsoperspektiv. I denna studien var syftet att studera restaurangchefers attityder och tillämpningar kring att servera mat utifrån ett ekologiskt hållbarhetsperspektiv. Metoden var en kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer som analyserades utifrån en innehållsanalys. Resultaten visade överlag positiva attityder kring att handlar åvaror som är säsongsbaserade, närproducerade och ekologiska i syfte om att värna om miljö-och hälsa. När det kommer till framtida utmaningar och lösningar fanns en oro kring att kunna tillfredsställa framtida generationers behov, kopplat till miljöförändringar. Nedskärningen av köttinstustrin lyftes av restaurangcheferna som den största utmaningen, i relation till att förbättra miljön och således folkhälsan. Det visade sig också att användandet av mat utifrån ett ekologiskt hållbarhetsperspektiv i vissa fall hämmas av ekonomiska resurser. Avgörande faktorer i relation till att servera mat utifrån ett ekologiskt hållbarhetsperspektiv var både ekonomiska resurser och kunskaper kring ämnet. Däremot visade resultatet att kunskaper i de flesta fall var mer avgörande än ekonomiska tillgångar. Med detta resultat, kan slutsatsen dras att det finns ett ytterligare kunskapsbehov samt ekonomiskt behov inom ämnet för att restauranger ska agera mer ekologiskt hållbart.
From a public health and society perspective, food production is the biggest cause of global environmental change and also a risk factor for ill health. At the same time, diet is a fundamental determinant of health. Restaurants have a major influence on sustainable consumption and production, on benefiting the global ecosystem. At the same time, restaurants have a responsibility to serve environmentally friendly food, which is beneficial from a public health perspective. In this study, the purpose was to study restaurant managers' attitudes and applications around serving food from an ecological sustainability perspective. The method was a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews that were analyzed on the basis of a content analysis. The results showed generally positive attitudes towards buying raw products that are seasonal, locally produced and organic in order to protect the environment and health. When it comes to future challenges and solutions, there was a concern about being able to satisfy the needs of future generations, linked to environmental changes. The cut of the meat industry was highlighted by the restaurant managers as the biggest challenge, in relation to improving the environment and thus public health. It also turned out that the use of food froman ecological sustainability perspective is in some cases hampered by financial resources. Crucial factors in relation to serving food from an ecological sustainability perspective were both financial resources and knowledge of the subject. On the other hand, the results showed that knowledge was in most cases more decisive than financial assets. With this result, it can be concluded that there is an additional need for knowledge as well as financial need in the subject for restaurants to act more ecologically sustainable.

Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Desenvolvimento Socioeconômico (UNESC).
Na última década, as serventias extrajudiciais dispuseram certa visibilidade por receber serviços que antes eram realizados somente por meio do Poder Judiciário, embora estejam estabelecidas há séculos na sociedade brasileira. No âmbito acadêmico, parcas discussões ou debates ocorreram acerca de sua finalidade, de sua forma de organização ou sobre os seus operadores. Observando tal contexto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender as relações de trabalho estabelecidas entre dois tipos de profissionais atuantes nessa organização jurídica: um qualificado juridicamente e o outro em processo de formação. Trata-se de trabalhadores que cursam paralelamente a graduação em Direito – considerados neste estudo como aprendizes em busca do saber técnico jurídico – e titulares de serventias extrajudiciais – profissionais detentores do título de bacharéis em direito, que exercem o papel de mestres informais. Os resultados foram obtidos por meio de abordagem qualitativa e análise de conteúdo, com o cumprimento da pesquisa de campo mediante a aplicação de questionários e de entrevistas semiestruturadas. O lócus para a coleta de dados ocorreu nas seis serventias extrajudiciais instaladas em Criciúma, no estado de Santa Catarina (SC). A escolha por contemplar todas as serventias ocorreu por decorrência da necessidade de abranger o maior número de trabalhadores, preservando suas identidades, haja vista que as relações (pacíficas ou tensionadas) estabelecidas entre eles e seus titulares poderiam produzir efeitos aos trabalhadores. Na pesquisa foi possível identificar o perfil do trabalhador e dos titulares, e a partir disso analisar as relações que nascem de conflitos, tensões e alianças dentro da organização. Constatou-se que no contexto brasileiro, as serventias ainda representam um caminho alternativo para o atendimento a algumas demandas – legais e econômicas de organizações e, em especial, demandas sociais crescentes, provenientes das necessidades dos cidadãos – enquanto ―braço direito‖ para o Poder Judiciário. Por fim, entende-se que ao passo que tais resultados e constatações contribuem no registro e compreensão desta condição, também deixam novos questionamentos para estudos complementares na linha de pesquisa Trabalho e Organizações.

Esta tese tem como objetivo apontar e comentar as estratégias de construção e de legitimação de um ethos de advogado da causa ueritatis nas polêmicas religiosas do século XVI. Trata-se aqui de defender uma posição num contexto em que só há um Deus e só há uma Verdade, e, portanto, somente uma interpretação é verdadeira. O autor cristão envolvido em polêmicas precisa, pois, provar que ele é o \"enviado\", o nuntius que proclama a mensagem com simplicidade, ao passo que seus oponentes são os \"falsos mestres\" que, para dissimular suas mentiras, ocultam-nas sob palavras artisticamente trabalhadas. Assim, não apenas a construção do ethos \"positivo\" de um está vinculada à desconstrução (ou destruição) do ethos do outro, mas ambas - construção e desconstrução - dão-se segundo o ideário da humilitas, a qual é, ao mesmo tempo, constitutiva da moral (ética) e da expressão discursiva (estética).
The objective of this doctoral dissertation is to identify and comment on the strategies of construction and legitimization of an ethos of an advocate in the causa ueritatis in the religious polemics of the sixteenth century. It is a way of defending a position within a context in which there is only one God and only one Truth, and, therefore, only one true interpretation. The Christian author involved in such polemic needs to prove that he is the \"emissary,\" the nuntius who proclaims the message with simplicity, whereas his opponents are the \"false masters\" who, in order to dissimulate their lies, hide them under artistically woven words. Thus, not only is the construction of the positive ethos linked to the deconstruction (or destruction) of the other\'s ethos; but both, construction and deconstruction, happen according to the concept of humilitas, which is, at the same time, constitutive of morals (ethics) and of discursive expression (esthetics).

Syfte Syftet med denna studie är att skapa en förståelse över vilka sätt som ekoturismföretag bidrar till hållbar turismutveckling utifrån ett ekologiskt, socialt och ekonomiskt perspektiv, samt att skapa en förståelse över hur ekoturism och hållbar turismutveckling definieras. Följaktligen är studiens frågeställning: på vilka sätt bidrar ekoturismföretag till hållbar turismutveckling? Metod Studien är genomförd via en deduktiv ansats med utgångspunkt i tidigare forskning om ekoturism och hållbar turismutveckling. För insamling av empirisk data har en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod använts i form av semistrukturerade telefonintervjuer med respondenter från fem stycken utvalda svenska ekoturismföretag. Slutsats Ekoturism innebär i grunddrag att bevara den lokala miljön, samarbeta med lokalsamhället, handla ekologiskt och närproducerat samt att arbeta med naturbaserade upplevelser. Hållbar turismutveckling definieras som att arbeta småskaligt för ekologisk, social och ekonomisk hållbarhet. Ekoturismföretag bidrar till hållbar turismutveckling genom att samarbeta med lokalsamhället, skapa långsiktig hållbarhet och värna om naturen och miljön. Företagen förhåller sig till hållbar turismutveckling och de tre dimensionerna ekologisk, social och ekonomisk hållbar turismutveckling genom att arbeta för långsiktig hållbarhet i ett lokalt perspektiv.
Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to create an understanding of which ways ecotourism companies contributes to sustainable tourism development from an ecological, social, economical perspective. Also to create an understanding of the definition of ecotourism and sustainable tourism development. The thesis question is: in what ways does ecotourism companies contributes to sustainable tourism development? Method The study is conducted through a deductive research approach based on previous research about ecotourism and sustainable tourism development. A qualitative method in form of semi-structured telephone interviews has been used for collecting the empirical data. The interviews are made using respondents from five selected Swedish ecotourism companies. Conclusion Ecotourism is, in the basics, to preserve the local environment, to cooperate with the local community, to purchase ecological and locally produced products and to work with nature-based activities. Sustainable tourism development is defined as working small- scale for ecologic, social and economic sustainability. Ecotourism companies contribute to sustainable tourism development by cooperating with the local community, creating long-term sustainability and preserving the nature and the environment. The companies relate to sustainable tourism development and the three dimensions ecological, social and economical sustainable tourism development by working towards long-term sustainability in a local perspective.

Au XVIe siècle en Europe, les divisions religieuses au sein de la Chrétienté se répercutent au niveau littéraire dans des débats polémiques extrêmement vifs où les thèmes du blasphème, de l'hérésie, de l'hétérodoxie et de la déviance occupent une place majeure. Dans ce climat d'intolérance, se construit, difficilement, sous des plumes isolées comme celle du calviniste dissident Castellion (1515-1563), exilé à Genève, puis réfugié à Bâle, une tolérance pré-moderne qui n'est pas celle des Lumières. Les ouvrages polémiques de Sébastien Castellion ont eu tendance à être occultés par ses traductions de la Bible qui le firent reconnaître comme l'un des pionniers de la critique biblique (traduction intégrale de la Bible du grec en latin, 1551, puis du grec en français, 1555). Or dans ces mêmes années, Castellion a subi les attaquesdes calvinistes pour avoir pris la défense de Michel Servet (1553), ce qui se traduisit par la rédaction de l'Historia de morte Serveti, du De Haereticis / Traité des Hérétiques (1554) et d'autres traités publiés à titre posthume (Contra libellum Calvini). Ces textes publiés parfois sous d'autres noms (Martin Bellie / Georges Kleinberg / Basile Montfort) sont plus que des réponses circonstancielles à des opuscules de Calvin ou à des conceptions portées par Bèze. La conception de latolérance qu'ils expriment (sur fond de scepticisme doctrinal, aux dires de ses adversaires) est représentative d'un courant de pensée particulier. La recherche récente a montré que la structure argumentative, grammaticale et lexicale des écritsfrançais et latins de Sébastien Castellion révèle des propriétés originales dont l'analyse aide à mieux comprendre l'outillage mental des contemporains face aux enjeux théologiques et éthiques que posait le pluralisme confessionnel et doctrinal. Une étude lexicologique et sémantique de ces textes de combat réalisée avec l'aide d'outils nouveaux comme un logiciel de textométrie permet de renouveler nos connaissances sur une histoire de la tolérance qui reste très instructivepour l'époque contemporaine
In the 16th century in Europe, religious divisions of christianity erupt in vigorous polemic debates which are fought in literature. The themes of blasphemy, heresy, heterodoxy and deviance become paradigmatic for the political and social changes of the century. In this very special context, a pre-modern idea of tolerance arises in the writings of a few thinkers, like Sebastian Castellio, a former calvinist who veered away from the orthodoxy in Geneva and who took refuge in Basle.The polemical writings of Castellio vanish behind his tranlations of the Bible in latin (1551) and in french (1555), who made of him one of the first critics of the holy scripture. But in the same years, Castellio is violently attacked by the calvinists party for having defended Michael Servetus (1553): a polemic debate on the impunity of heretics breaks out between John Calvinand Sebastian Castellio, who writes his Historia de Morte Serveti and De haereticis / Traité des hérétiques (1554), and other texts which are edited after his death (Contra libellum Calvini) in order to defend his conviction of freedom of conscience. These writings, partly published under pseudonym (Martin Bellius / Georges Kleinberg / Basile Montford) are more then simple answers of circumstance to the texts of Calvin and Théodore de Bèze. They express an idea oftolerance (based on a doctrinal scepticism, as say his adverseries) which is representative for a particular thinking. Recent research has shown that the grammatical, linguistical and logical structure of Castellio's french and latin writings presents a number of original properties. Their analysis can contribute to understand the contemporary mental tools for dealingwith ethical and theological challanges of confesional and doctrinal pluralism. A semantical and lexicological study with a recent texometrical software tool (TXM) allows us to discover new aspects of the history of tolerance, which are revealing for our own century
Im 16. Jahrhundert zeigen sich die religiösen Spaltungen des Christentums in lebhaften polemischen Debatten in der Literatur. Die Themen der Abweichung, der Blasphemie, der Ketzerei und der Heterodoxie werden paradigmatisch für die politischen und sozialen Spannungen der Epoche. In diesem Klima der Unversöhnlichkeit entsteht allmählich der Gedanke vormoderner Toleranz. Die polemischen Schriften des calvinistischen Abweichlers Sebastian Castellio, der in Basel im Exil lebt, werden von seinen beiden Bibelübersetzungen (1551 lateinisch, 1555 französisch) überschattet, die den Nonkonformisten zu einem der ersten kritischen Bibelübersetzer gemacht haben. Nichtsdestoweniger ist Castellio 1553 heftigsten Angriffen der Calvinisten ausgesetzt, da er in seinen Schriften Michael Servetus verteidigt, der kurz zuvor in Genf als Ketzer verbrannt worden ist. Die heftige Polemik zwischen Johannes Calvin und Sebastian Castellio äussert sich in seinen Schriften Historia de Morte Serveti und De haereticis / Traité des hérétiques (1554), sowie in anderen Texten, die posthum veröffentlicht werden (Contra libellum Calvini). Diese Texte, die teilweise unter einem Pseudonym erscheinen (Martinus Bellius / Georges Kleinberg / Basilius Montfort), sind mehr als nur anlassbezogene Antworten auf die doktrinären Schriften Calvins und Theodor Bezas. Die Konzeption der Toleranz, die Castellio darin entwickelt, und die sich laut seinenGegnern auf einen Skeptizismus gegenüber den konfessionellen Lehren gründet, ist repräsentativ für ein besonderes Menschen- und Weltbild. Die jüngste Forschung hat aufgezeigt, dass die grammatikalische, argumentative und lexikalische Struktur des Texte Sebastian Castellios einzigartige Eigenheiten besitzt, deren Analyse zu einem besseren Verständnis der „geistigen Werkzeuge“ der Zeitgenossen angesichts der theologischen und ethischen Umwälzungen der konfessionellen Epoche beitragen kann. Die semantische und lexikologische Untersuchung der Kampfschriften Castellios anhand einer neuen Software für Textometrie (TXM) wirft ein neues Licht auf die Geschichte der Toleranz, die für unsere Epoche wegweisend ist

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O trabalho tem por objeto demonstrar a necessidade de efetivação do controle e da eficácia na Administração Pública do Estado de Pernambuco, para que seja efetivada a cidadania. Partindo do conceito de controle e da forma como se realiza, enfatizando-se o controle externo à cargo do Poder Judiciário em relação à gestão dos Cartórios de Registro Civil. Em relação aos Cartórios de Registro Civil foram definidos os órgãos controladores. O primeiro será o nosso foco, tomando por base o Cartório de Registro Civil do bairro do Pina, comparando com o de Cachoeira do Roberto, Mirandiba e Conceição das Crioulas. Em relação à metodologia, quanto aos fins temos o condão de atender a cidadania pelo caráter aplicativo, mostrando a problemática à solução e a implementação, como forma de criar informadores e resolver o problema do elevado índice de pessoas sem certidão de nascimento. A pergunta que buscamos responder é se os Cartórios e Registro Civil estão cumprindo com seu papel Constitucional e por conseqüência contribuindo com o processo de cidadania no Brasil? O que pesquisamos foi à forma de atuação dos Cartórios distintos mostrando as disparidades de gestão administrativa entre um Cartório e outro. Por fim, sugerimos uma gestão baseada no Cartório do Pina, disponibilizando registros na maternidade de forma on-line, evitando o retardamento ou não registros das crianças nascidas em Pernambuco

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Esta tese de doutorado procura estudar Cristologia da Libertação Latinoamericana na perspectiva de Jon Sobrino, o qual elabora seu pensamento cristológico numa correlação entre Jesus como Servo de Deus, os profetasmártires e os povos-crucificados latino-americanos. Com esta correlação tenta-se uma superação da dicotomia entre as cristologias: descendente e ascendente. A tese está composta de três partes com oito capítulos. Na primeira parte, com dois capítulos: No primeiro capítulo, analisou-se a figura do Servo de Deus no Dêutero-Isaías, pois o escrito revela o Servo de Deus com três dimensões: eleição, missão e destino. No segundo capítulo, refletiu-se Jesus se compreendendo como Servo de Deus e como este título foi aplicado a Jesus pelos apóstolos mantendo estas três dimensões de eleição, missão e destino. Na segunda parte, com três capítulos: No terceiro capítulo, estudou-se realmente o título Jesus-servo de Deus na perspectiva de Jon Sobrino e com esta ótica foram refletidos outros títulos de Jesus na mesma perspectiva tendo como princípio hermenêutico as vítimas latinoamericanas destacando mais a dimensão de eleição de Jesus. O quarto capítulo foi elaborado para mostrar a dimensão da missão de Jesus como o Reino de Deus e quinto capítulo sobre o destino de Jesus demonstrando assim sua morte redentora por solidariedade-substitutiva para chegar à exaltação da glória da ressurreição: o ressuscitado é o crucificado. Na terceira parte, com três capítulos: O sexto capítulo versa sobre a identificação de Jesus-servo com o profeta-mártir Dom Oscar Romero, o sétimo capítulo sobre a soteriologia histórica de Jesus-servo com seus povos-crucificados e o oitavo capítulo com uma proposta de seguimento de Jesus-servo constituindo uma Igreja-serva como um novo povo pascal.
This doctoral thesis’s aims to study Christology of Liberation in Latin American from the perspective of Jon Sobrino, which prepares your Christological thought in a correlation between Jesus as the Servant of God, profhets-martyrs and crucified-peoples Latin Americans. With this correlation is an attempt to overcome the dichotomy between christologies: descending and ascending. The thesis in composed of three parts with eight chapters. In the first part, with two chapters: in the first chapter, it was analyzed the figure of the Servant of God in Deutero-Isaiah, as the writing reveals the Servant of God with three dimensions: election, mission and destiny. In the second chapter, it was reflected Jesus understanding himself as the Servant of God and how this title was applied to Jesus by the apostles, keeping these three dimensions of election, mission and destiny. In the second part with three chapters, the third chapter, it was studied really the title Jesus-servant of God from the perspective of Jon Sobrino and with this perspective were reflected other titles of Jesus in the same hermeneutic perspective based on the principle victims of Latin American further highlighting the dimension of election of Jesus. The fourt chapter was designed to show the dimension of the mission of Jesus as the Kingdom of God and the fifth chapter on the destiny of Jesus demonstrate his redemptive death for solidarityreplacement to get to the exaltation of the glory of the resurrection The rose is the crucified. In the third part, with three chapters: the sixth chapter deals with the identification of Jesus-servant with the profhet-martyr Archbishosp Oscar Romero, the seventh chapter on soteriology historical Jesus-servant with his crucified-peoples and the eighth chapter propose to following Jesus-servant, constituting a serven-church as a new Easter people.

La thèse de doctorat en science politique s’attache à comprendre le rôle des partis politiques parlementaires d’opposition en Russie entre 2005 et 2010. Elle se fonde sur l’étude des branches régionales du Parti communiste de la Fédération de Russie (KPRF), du Parti libéral-démocrate de Russie (LDPR) et de Russie juste à Tomsk, en Sibérie occidentale. Toute la problématique de ces trois partis d’opposition est liée à ce paradoxe :dans les années 2000, il existe en Russie des partis qui se positionnent comme étant d’opposition - dans un système partisan dominé par Russie unie - tout en se montrant loyaux envers le régime politique et ses principaux dirigeants.

Les données, recueillies au cours de huit mois et demi de recherche de terrain en Russie, sont essentiellement qualitatives. Une approche organisationnelle et fonctionnelle de l’étude des partis est utilisée afin de comprendre le rôle de ces trois formations dans le système politique russe.

La thèse s’attache à tester trois hypothèses :les partis parlementaires d’opposition remplissent certaines fonctions dans le système politique qui leur assurent le soutien d’électeurs et d’adhérents ;les organisations partisanes du LDPR, du KPRF et de Russie juste sont centralisées de manière à limiter la marge de manœuvre des branches locales et permettre un contrôle étroit de l’appareil central ;ces trois partis transforment au sein des institutions parlementaires le soutien des électeurs en soutien pour le régime.

Tout d’abord, il apparaît que le KPRF, le LDPR et Russie juste remplissent d’autres fonctions dans le système politique que celle de légitimation/stabilisation (Lavau, 1969). Ces fonctions sont multiples. Les activités électorales indiquent que ces trois partis servent, d’une part, de plateforme d’accès aux organes du pouvoir pour les entrepreneurs, d’autre part, la fonction d’expression est assurée en ce que les partis expriment des problèmes, proposent une alternative, et disqualifient certaines pratiques. Pendant les élections, et au sein du parlement régional, les partis assurent dans une certaine mesure la fonction d’organisation de l’opposition. Enfin, le KPRF, le LDPR et Russie juste remplissent, de différentes façons, la fonction d’assistance à la société.

Ensuite, la thèse a vérifié que les trois partis ont une structure interne centralisée à Moscou, tout en mettant en évidence l’interdépendance qui existe entre le siège fédéral et les branches régionales dans chaque parti. Une marge de manœuvre, différente selon les trois formations, existe donc au niveau des branches locales.

Enfin, l’exemple de Tomsk montre qu’une loyauté formelle envers le régime et une opposition réelle sont possibles. Cela implique des ambiguïtés, notamment concernant l’activité des députés de ces partis au sein des parlements locaux./The PhD thesis starts with this paradox: in the 2000s, the Russian party system is dominated by United Russia called the party of power. Nevertheless, this system also allows the existence of parties that claim to be the opposition, while being loyal to the political regime and its leaders. How do these parties resolve this paradox?

The doctoral dissertation in political science seeks to understand the role of parliamentary opposition parties in Russia between 2005 and 2010. It is based on the study of regional branches of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF), the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (LDPR) and Just Russia (SR) in Tomsk, Western Siberia. The qualitative data were collected during eight and a half months of field research in Russia. An organizational and functional approach to the study of political parties is used to understand their role in the Russian political system.

The thesis tests three hypotheses: first, the opposition parliamentary parties perform certain functions in the political system that gives them the support of voters and members. Second, the party organizations of the LDPR, the KPRF and Just Russia are centralized to limit the flexibility of local branches and allow tight control of the central apparatus. Third, we examine if these parties transform the support of voters into support for the regime in the parliamentary institutions at the local level.

The results show three elements. First, it shows that the KPRF, the LDPR and Just Russia perform several functions in the political system. On the one hand, they are platforms for businessmen to access to the organs of power; on the other hand, they express problems, offer an alternative, and disqualify some practices. During elections, and within the regional parliament, parliamentary opposition parties perform to a certain extent the function of organizing opposition. Moreover, the KPRF, the LDPR and Just Russia support citizens in various ways.

Then, the dissertation verifies that the three parties have a centralized internal structure. But it also highlights the interdependence between federal headquarters and regional branches within each party.

Finally, the case of Tomsk shows that formal loyalty to the regime, and a real opposition at the same time, is possible as far as the KPRF, the LDPR and Just Russia are concerned.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

L'étude des dessins du Mémoire de Laurent Mahelot (manuscrit de la B. N. F contenant 47 esquisses pour des décors de théâtre à Paris) a permis d'établir une iconographie théâtrale fondée à partir d'une définition de l'image du décor en trois propositions : cette image est contextualisée, élaborée d'après des références picturales et poétiques, et elle est construite selon des implications théoriques. La première partie comprend une délimitation du contexte historique des esquisses du Mémoire. Nous avons, grâce à la découverte de documents d'archives, mis à jour l'importance de Georges Buffequin dans la vie artistique parisienne du début du XVIIe siècle (peintre du roi au service de Richelieu, créateur des dessins du Mémoire). Dans la deuxième partie, nous avons montré en quoi une analyse iconographique spécifique pouvait aider à comprendre la particularité de l'iconographie du décor : c'est-à-dire une imbrication d'éléments visuels "réels" et symboliques. Enfin, dans la dernière partie, nous avons envisagé les implications théoriques de l'image du décor, notamment celle de l'étendue scénique. Par ailleurs, l'étude du Discours à Clinton a permis de révéler l'intérêt de ce texte que l'on considère comme le manifeste de l'esthétique de la variété : il s'intègre ainsi dans l'étude des débats pré-académiques. L'image du décor du début du XVIIe siècle, étudiée dans une pluralité méthodologique du fait de la polyvalence de l'objet, a montré sa valeur iconographique et théorique. Grâce aux dessins de Georges Buffequin, réhabilité, nous avons approfondi la connaissance d'une histoire de l'art pré-académique
A study of the drawings of Laurent Mahelot's Mémoire (a manuscript containing 47 sketches for scenery-painting, at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France in Paris) permitted me to establish a theatrical iconography based on a definition of the scenery-painting image : a contextual image elaborated from pictorial and poetic referents, and made according to theorical implications. The first part of my thesis is an attempt to delimit the historical context of the Mémoire's sketches. The discovery of some new archive documents allowed me to demonstrate the importance of Georges Buffequin in the artistic life of Paris in the first half of 17th century (the King's painter employed by Richelieu, and creator of the drawings of the Mémoire). In the second part, I show how a specific iconographic analysis could help us to understand the particularity of scenery-painting iconography, i. E. An interconnection of symbolic and real visual elements. Finally, in the third part, I treat the theoretical implications of the scenery-painting image, especially the question of stage "extent". The analysis of the Discours à Cliton reveals the importance of this text, which can be considered as a manifesto of the aesthetic of variety, and thus belongs to pre-academic debates. The analysis of the scenery-painting image during the first years of the 17th century, using a methodological plurality because of the polyvalence of the subject, gives proof of its iconographical and theoretical validity. In fouding my research on Georges Buffequin's drawings, now re-evaluated, I hope perhaps have opened a new door in the knowledge of pre-academic art history

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Estudos realizados no Brasil e no exterior vem demonstrando a importância dos modelos de desempenho na implantação de gerência de pavimentos ou até mesmo na atividade de reabilitação de pavimentos. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de desenvolver modelos de previsão de desempenho para as rodovias do estado da Paraíba. Para tanto foram utilizados os dados de avaliação de superfície e de estrutura, realizados entre os anos de 1990 a 1993 pela equipe técnica do DER-PB em 24 rodovias. Estas avaliações incluem análise de defeitos de superfície, estrutural e dados características de cada trecho, sendo avaliado cada rodovia em apenas um ano o que permitiu utilizar a metodologia desenvolvida por Shain & outros (1987). Em seguida agruparam-se várias rodovias, em função de suas características climatológicas e geográficas. Foram correlacionados, para cada grupo, os dados de avaliação de superfície (IGG) e os dados de avaliação estrutural (Do e raio) com a idade e o tráfego de cada rodovia, resultando em uma tendência de desempenho para cada grupo e cada correlação. Entretanto só obteve-se resultados satisfatórios nas correlações com a idade pois não se dispunha de um histórico de tráfego das rodovias analisadas, sendo necessário para atingir o objetivo desejado para trabalhar com os dados não apurados. Com base nas análises preliminares e nos resultados finais, pode-se concluir que as rodovias analisadas não se encontram em bom estado quanto ao aspecto estrutural. Por fim, esta pesquisa mostra a importâncias dos modelos de previsão de desempenho, que permite analisar o comportamento dos pavimentos avaliados ao longo de sua vida útil.
Studies accomplished in Brazil and in the exterior studding comes the importance of the models of acting forecast in the implantation of systems of management of pavements or even, in the activities of rehabilitation of pavements. This work has the objective of developing models of acting forecast for the highways of the state of Paraíba. For so much the data of surfaçe evaluations were used and it structures, accomplished among the years from 1990 to 1993 by the technical team of the DER-PB in 24 highways. These evaluations had included analysis space, being evaluated each highway in just one year that allowed to use the methodology developed by Shain & other (1987). Soon after they assembled several highways, in function of its climatological and geographical characteristics of the area and type coating of the highways, what allowed the formation five groups of highways. They were correlated, for each group, the data of surface evaluation (IGG) and the data of structure evaluation (of the and I Stripe) with the age and the traffic of each highway resulting in an acting tendency for each group and each correlation. Hewever it was only obtained satisfactory results in the correlation' s with the age because it was not had a historical study of traffic of the analyzed highways, being necessary to reach the wanted objective, to work with having given not select. With base in the preliminary analyses and in the final results it could be concluded that the analyzed highways don1t find on the other hand in good state under the superficial aspect they present a good state with relationship to the structural aspect. Finally, this research exhibition the importance of the models of acting forecast, which permitted to analyze the behavior of the pavements evaluated along its useful life.

Il progetto di ricerca si inserisce in un preciso solco di studi relativo al funzionamento del sistema e l’evoluzione dei ruoli del teatro italiano nel corso del XIX secolo. In particolare l’indagine è rivolta a quei ruoli che, detentori della comicità al femminile, compiono un processo che conduce dalla servetta di primo Ottocento fino alla prima attrice comica di fine secolo. La trattazione racconta la morte di un ruolo, quello della servetta legata alla drammaturgia goldoniana, e la sopravvivenza delle sue peculiarità in altri ruoli (espresse anche a livello drammaturgico) grazie all'estro delle singole interpreti; racconta della trasformazione dei tratti della comicità femminile a livello di ruoli teatrali fino alla sua consacrazione in quel ruolo codificato di prima attrice comica di fine secolo, incarnato alla perfezione da Dina Galli.

Michael Servetus (1508 - 1553) and Emanuel Swedenborg (1688 - 1772) are both considered heretics. They share many concepts about the nature of God, especially their rejection orthodox Nicene and Chalcedonian theology. This thesis explores their respective theologies relating to the Trinity and Christology, with speculation of what sources they may have had in common. While attention is paid to Ignatius, Irenaeus and Tertullian, particular attention is paid to Tertullian, whose work Adversus Praxean lays the foundation of Servetus' ideas and has much in common with Swedenborg's theology. In light of their similarity to Tertullian, the question is asked if Servetus and Swedenborg would have been called heretics prior to Nicaea.
Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology
D.Th. (Church History)

碩士
國立高雄大學
法律學系碩士班
106
The problem of public servants’ corruption is now a globally salient issue. To curb this problem, the majority of countries around the world aspires to establish governments of great integrity seeking to prohibit corruption by, in addition to aggravating its criminal liability, aggressively framing the so-called “Sunshine Act” in defining and preventing the crime of corruption by public servants. This law which demands public servents to disclose personal property is already deemed as one of the most effective policies against bribery and fraudulence. Likewise, the Taiwanese government has put all efforts in restraining corruption that may occur in public posts. For the purpose of ensuring good administration, several sets of Sunshine Act were legislated in a steady pace in Taiwan. For instance, the Act on Property-Declaration by Public Servants, released in 1993, was known as the first Taiwanese Sunshine Act in history. While this Act had undergone four modifications since its day of enactment, it is still facing criticism and unrelenting reviews. Noteworthy is its third modification in 2007, in which the scope of the liable individuals who shall make property declaration was significantly expanded, thus attesting the government’s determination on enforcing anti-corruption policies. It is nonetheless a disappointing fact that, more than twenty years after enactment of the Act, the execution outcome nowadays can hardly meet the initial expectation upheld by legislators. Especially following the extension of the Act to the larger pool of liable individuals, the competent property declaration agencies experienced many difficulties in conducting effective inspection on these individuals. These barriers to effective execution not only resulted in a waste of administrative resources but also rendered public servants’ resentment and fear of privacy violation. How may we define the scope of the liable individuals who shall make property declaration so as to achieve the greatest efficacy of the Act? Whether the reference to the“Corruption Perceptions Index” superior to Taiwan foreign experience and legislation, appropriate amendments the object of property declaration, achieve the goal of establishing a integrity government?This is the motive of this research. According to Transparency International research , The declaration system of public servent property has made a significant contribution to the reduction of corruption. However, the study also pointed out that the scope of the number of property declarations and the Corruption Perceptions Index is no exactly correlation. In particular, due to the limited audit capacity, more attention should be paid to the practical limitations of the property declaration system. Therefore, this study advocates that in order to improve the effectiveness of the Property Declaration Act, we should re-examine the scope of the object of property declaration. Use the importance of job and business risk as a necessary basis for judging. Needless to say the importance of the job. For business risk, the government should consider whether to use administrative means to reduce the risk of corruption. Strive to limit the scope of the object of property declaration, to avoid the risk of infringing upon the privacy of most public servants and to achieve the goals of appropriate political and legislative.

碩士
國立暨南國際大學
公共行政與政策學系
95
The core competence theory has been valued since 1990s, and there were plenty of scholars wrote articles to explore its application in public and private sectors. Among them, the majority explored the construction of indicators and evaluation methods of core competences of various professional realms in the public sector. Few of them probed into "meta-theory" of core competence theory. In cognitive theories, the controversy between explanation paradigm and understanding paradigm has lasted for a long time. This thesis regards them as "meta-theory" of the core competence theory and dwells on them. Based on this main concern, the author firstly introduces the meanings of these two cognitive paradigms, secondly briefly introduces core competence theory and regulations of core competence, finally, by introducing practical cases of the external recruitment and the internal promotion of civil servants in Taiwan government, explores the practical application of two cognitive paradigm. This research has some findings. On the theoretical aspect, two cognitive paradigms are conflicting in the governmental external recruitment and internal promotion of civil servants in Taiwan. On the aspect of evaluation, two cognitive paradigms exist side by side. The degree of inclination depends on cases. Therefore there exists a co-opetition relation. The abstract cognition can appropriately guide practical implementation. Based on this, this thesis suggests governing bodies can use the co-opetition relation of these two cognitive paradigms as a reference point when studying on the core competence mechanism and other governmental personnel systems.