Articles de revues : « Series:Black Clover »

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Kurkina, Yuliya. « Fungal diseases of perennial legumes herbs in Belgorod ». Adaptive Fodder Production 2022, n^o 2 (12 septembre 2022) : 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2022-2-15-20.

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We analyzed soil samples and symptoms of mycoses of red clover, goat's rue, alfalfa, birds-foot trefoil, sandy sainfoin in the phase of budding-beginning of flowering of plants against a natural infectious background in small-plot experiments in the territory of the botanical garden of the National Research University "BelSU" (Belgorod, RF). As a result, a series of decrease in the number of propagules of soil microscopic fungi (thousand CFU/g) was compiled: alfalfa (27.8 ± 4.01) – birds-foot trefoil (23.5 ± 2.25) – sainfoin (18.3 ± 1.67) – clover (17.3 ± 2.43) – goat's rue (13.7 ± 1.21) – fallow (12.3 ± 1.73). The number of micromycete species in the fallow soil was 38, and 9–22 species decreased in the grass rhizosphere. On red clover plants, powdery mildew was recorded with an intensity of development and spread of 64% and 75%, respectively, with a shortage of green mass productivity of more than 50%. The loss of green mass productivity in clover Alternariosis was 81%. Rust of alfalfa, birds-foot and sainfoin led to losses in the productivity of green mass up to 14% and was noted with a prevalence of 20%. Symptoms of purple rhizoctoniosis, fusarium root rot, black mold, downy mildew, and yellow spot were also recorded. More than 80% of phytopathogenic fungi are representatives of the leaf-stem group, the rest are of the root-tuber group.

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Moiseevskaya, G. V., G. I. Razd'yakonova et A. A. Petin. « The Effect of the Functionalisation of Low-Dispersion Carbon Black of the OMCARB Series by Hydrogen Peroxide on the Properties of Filled Composites ». International Polymer Science and Technology 44, n^o 11 (novembre 2017) : 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307174x1704401104.

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The aim of this work was to produce a new filler for polymers in which a low surface activity is combined with a high degree of structure and functionalisation of the surface, which will bring the processing properties of filled rubber mixes closer to the properties of rubber mixes with channel carbon black. The oxidation of specimens of low-dispersion, highly structured carbon black of grade OMCARB S820 was carried out using aqueous solutions of hydrogen peroxide of different concentration. Using a combination of methods, including X-ray diffraction analysis (D8 Advance diffractometer; Bruker, Germany) and transmission electron microscopy (JEM 2100 electron microscope; JEOL, Japan), we assessed the physicochemical properties and the form and the number of oxygen-containing groups (carboxyl, phenolic, lactone) on the surface of a particle of oxidised S820 in comparison with carbon black K354 (produced by the Khazar Chemical Plant, Turkmenistan) and semi-active furnace black N550 (produced by Omsktekhuglerod). The rheological characteristics (MDR 3000 vibrorheometer and MV 3000 viscometer; MonTech, Germany) and the physicomechanical characteristics (tensometer; Shimadzu, Japan) of rubber mixes filled with these blacks and of rubber compounds based on natural rubber were determined. The dynamic properties of the rubber compounds and the glass transition temperatures were determined on a DMA 242D instrument (Netzsch, Germany). Comparative data on the temperature dependence of the mechanical loss tangent (tg δ)of the rubber compounds showed that at temperatures of −60 and +60°C the greatest differences are possessed by rubber compounds with K354. At intermediate temperatures, the tg δ values for rubber compounds with the different fillers are similar. The new carbon black was advantageous with respect to the strength properties and dynamic characteristics of the rubber compounds, retaining the unique properties of composites filled with channel black.

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Moingeon, P., A. Nowill, G. Courtois, B. Azzarone, P. Motte, A. Ythier, C. Bohuon et T. Hercend. « A target structure for a series of human cloned natural killer cell lines is recognized by both anti-TNKtar and 4F2 monoclonal antibodies. » Journal of Immunology 134, n^o 5 (1 mai 1985) : 2930–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.134.5.2930.

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Abstract It was shown recently that a surface antigen termed TNKtar was likely to serve as a target molecule for three distinct human NK clones expressing the same clonotypic determinant (termed NKTa) present on a 90 KD recognition structure. In the present studies, we investigated whether TNKtar and a previously described antigen termed 4F2 were related. Parallel immunoprecipitations from membrane lysates of the same cells showed that both anti-TNKtar and 4F2 Mab precipitate a heterodimeric structure which resolves as two bands of identical m.w. (40 and 80 KD) in SDS-PAGE analysis under reducing conditions. Sequential immunoprecipitations demonstrated that the two antibodies are directed at the same molecule. However, one antibody did not block subsequent binding of the other, and vice versa, suggesting that anti-TNKtar and 4F2 Mab are directed at two distinct epitopes of the molecule. Functionally, it was found that 4F2 Mab was able, as well as anti-TNKtar, to selectively block cytotoxic function of JT9 cloned cells. Furthermore, as reported previously for anti-TNKtar, 4F2 had no effect when additional NKTa-NK clones were used as effector cells in cytotoxicity assays. Finally, cold target inhibition assays were performed by using cold target cells precoated with either anti-TNKtar or 4F2 Mab. These experiments showed that preincubation of target cells with either antibody blocked their ability to compete with their radiolabeled counterpart. Such results further strengthen the hypothesis that the activation antigen recognized by both anti-TNKtar and 4F2 Mab serves as a specific target structure for NKTa+ NK active clones. We discuss the importance of previous data concerning the 4F2 molecule in light of this functional role, which had not been identified previously.

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Rédei, Károly, Zsolt Keserű, Imre Csiha, János Rásó, Beatrix Bakti et Marianna Takács. « Improvement of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) growing under marginal site conditions in Hungary : case studies ». Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, n^o 74 (30 juin 2018) : 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/74/1677.

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In Hungary, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is considered as an important exotic stand-forming tree species growing mostly under unfavourable ecological conditions for forest management. Due to climate change effects, its importance is increasing in many other countries, too. As a result of a selection programme, new black locust clones were tested in clone trials. Juvenile growth of 12 micropropagated black locust clones in two plots series established at different dates were evaluated in central Hungary under marginal site conditions. At age of 7 the clone R. p. ‘Bácska’ (‘KH 56A2/5’), at age of 10 the clones R.p. ‘Homoki’ (‘MB17D3/4’) and ‘PV201E2/4’ appeared to be especially promising for mass production. Based on the data obtained from the performed trials, it can also be concluded that tissue culture can be considered as a suitable tool for propagating superior individuals and offers new prospects for the rapid cloning of selected genotypes used for plantation forestry.

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ROLDÁN ROMERO, VANESA. « TRANSHUMANISM AND THE ANTHROPOCENE IN BECKY CHAMBERS’ A CLOSED AND COMMON ORBIT ». Revista de Estudios Norteamericanos, n^o 26 (2022) : 77–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ren.2022.i26.04.

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Transhumanism has been rising in both popularity and influence on western societies and philosophical thought. Dreams of mind transfer, immortality, or cloning as well as the fear of sentient and intelligent artificial intelligence (AI) can be traced in some of Netflix’s most popular series such as Altered Carbon (2018), from the novel by Richard K. Morgan, or Orphan Black (2013), to mention just a few. Similarly, transhumanism may be spotted in Becky Chambers’ fiction. The novel analysed in this paper, A Closed and Common Orbit (2016), a sequel in the author’s Wayfarers series, explores the possibility of cloning human bodies, the production of sentient AI, and the subsequent ethical implications of both science fiction tropes. Far from showing transhumanism as a miracle solution to limitations in human bodies and capacity to avoid climate change, the text presents the suspicions and fears transhumanism may raise in the USA. This article provides evidence of how the Anthropocene and transhumanism operate in Becky Chambers’ novel, the ethical effects concerning intrinsic and extrinsic values and their possible subversion through a posthumanist alliance under the Anthropocene.

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Gonçalves, Paulo de Souza, Marcelo de Almeida Silva, Adriano Tosoni da Eira Aguiar, Maria Alice Martins, Erivaldo José Scaloppi Junior et Lígia Regina Lima Gouvêa. « Performance of new Hevea clones from IAC 400 series ». Scientia Agricola 64, n^o 3 (juin 2007) : 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162007000300005.

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The Hevea breeding program of Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC) has completed clonal evaluation on the following series: IAC 100, IAC 200 and IAC 300. The performance of 22 clones of Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell.-Arg., evolved at IAC, over a period of eleven years was evaluated in the Western Central part of the São Paulo State, Brazil. Among these 22 new clones, six were intraspecific hybrid clones (IAC 400, IAC 404, IAC 405, IAC 406, IAC 410, IAC 412) and the remaining are primary those resulted from selected ortets within half-sib progenies. An old popular clone RRIM 600, of Malaysian origin, was used as the control. The trial was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. Yield performance over a period of four years, mean girth at the 11th year, girth increment before tapping and on tapping, thermal property of natural rubber produced, bark thickness, number of latex vessel rows in seven year virgin bark, percentage incidence of tapping panel dryness, wind damage and diseases like leaf and panel anthracnose have been observed. Sixty one percent of the clones were superior in relation to the control for yield. The clone IAC 400 recorded the highest yield (97.40 g tree-1 tap-1) over four years of tapping, followed by IAC 411 (78.87 tree-1 tap-1), whereas the control clone RRIM 600 recorded 50.86 g tree-1 tap-1. All selected clones were vigorous in growth. Girth increment of these clones was average to above average. Except for IAC 423, other clones had thick virgin bark at opening ranging from 4.84 mm for IAC 401 to 6.38 mm for IAC 416. The natural rubbers from IAC clones have shown good thermal stability up to 300ºC and no differences in the thermal behavior among rubber from clones of the IAC series and the clone RRIM 600 were found in inert atmosphere.

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Kahn, Brian A., Peter J. Stoffella, Roger F. Sandsted et Richard W. Zobel. « Influence of Flooding on Root Morphological Components of Young Black Beans ». Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 110, n^o 5 (septembre 1985) : 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.110.5.623.

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Abstract Three black bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), ‘Midnight’, ‘Black Turtle Soup’, and ‘T-39’, were grown in a sand culture in a series of greenhouse experiments. Seedlings were subjected to various flooding treatments beginning at the time the first true leaves were fully expanded and continuing for up to 14 days. Root systems were partitioned into adventitious, basal, and tap components at harvest. Basal roots accounted for the greatest proportion of the total root biomass in control plants. Adventitious roots became the dominant root component in plants which had been flooded for up to 7 days and then allowed to recover for 7 days. The production of adventitious roots by flooded plants reduced their shoot:root ratios to values closer to those of unflooded control plants. ‘Midnight’ plants usually had larger basal roots and higher total root and shoot weights than plants of the other 2 cultivars. All 3 cultivars, however, were proportionally affected to the same extent by flooding.

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Zaharijas, Gabrijela, Jovana Petrović et Pasquale Serpico. « What can Fermi LAT observation of the Galactic Centre tell us about its active past ? » Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S324 (septembre 2016) : 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317001089.

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AbstractThe Fermi-LAT gamma-ray data in the inner Galaxy region show several prominent features possibly related to the past activity of the Milky Way’s super massive black hole. At a large, 50 deg scale, the Fermi LAT revealed symmetric hour glass structures with hard energy spectra extending up to 100 GeV (and dubbed ‘the Fermi bubbles’). More recently and closer to the Galactic centre, at the 10 deg scale, several groups have claimed evidence for excess gamma-ray emission that appears symmetric around the Galactic center and has an energy spectrum peaking at few GeVs. We explore here the possibility that this emission originates in inverse Compton emission from high-energy electrons produced in a short duration, burst-like event injecting 1052 − 1053 erg, roughly 106 yrs ago. Several lines of evidence suggest that a series of ‘burst like’ events happened in the vicinity of our black hole in the past and gamma-ray observations may offer a new view of that scenario.

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Fleming, R. L., et D. S. Mossa. « Direct seeding of black spruce in northwestern Ontario : Seedbed relationships ». Forestry Chronicle 70, n^o 2 (1 avril 1994) : 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc70151-2.

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A series of spot seeding experiments was set out on coarse-textured upland sites in northwestern Ontario to investigate how black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) seedling establishment and growth could be improved by site selection and seedbed preparation. Virtually all germination occurred within the first growing season. Annual seedling mortality rates were greatest during the first year, then declined steadily and stabilized at low levels (<10%) after the third year. The highest fifth-year establishment ratios (seedlings/viable seed sown) were found on seedbeds derived from materials near the mineral soil/humus interface. On wetter sites (i.e., higher Soil Moisture Regimes) the best seedbeds occurred closer to the soil surface. Mean fifth year establishment ratios for the best seedbeds were 0.032 on moderately fresh to fresh sites, 0.146 on very fresh to moderately moist sites, and 0.082 on moist to very moist sites. On adjacent lowland sites, slow-growing, compact Sphagnum mosses had a mean establishment ratio of 0.179. Mean fifth-year seedling heights on upland sites ranged from 12 to 14 cm, and were not strongly correlated with site or seedbed type. Key words: direct seeding, black spruce, seedbed, seedling establishment, site type and germination

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Pasaribu, Syarifah Aini, Mohammad Basyuni, Edison Purba et Yaya Hasanah. « Physiological characteristics of IRR 400 series rubber clones (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) under drought stress ». F1000Research 12 (12 octobre 2023) : 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.129421.3.

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Background: Drought stress is one of the main causes of plant death. Strategies for plants survival are morphological adaptations, specific signaling pathways, and tolerance mechanisms. Rubber plantations have many uses, such as foreign exchange sources, job sources, forest revitalization, and a source of alternative wood for building materials and furniture. The rubber plant’s response to drought stress is a complex biological process. A tolerant rubber clone in a dry area is the right approach. The present study aimed to determine the mechanism of drought-tolerant clones, based on physiological characteristics, to obtain character selection and drought-tolerant clones early. Methods: The first factor examined for this work was clones (IRR 425, IRR 428, IRR 429, IRR 434, IRR 440, RRIC 100, and BPM 24) and the second factor was water content (30%, 60%, and 90%). The study was arranged on a factorial randomized block design and repeated three times. Characteristics observed were total sugar (µM), proline (mg/L), chlorophyll a, b, total (µg/mL), hydrogen peroxidase (µmol/g), ascorbate peroxidase (unit/mg), superoxide dismutase (unit/mg), and peroxide dismutase (unit/mg). Results: The tolerance ability of the IRR 400 series rubber clones to drought stress was determined by observing the characteristics of sugar total and proline. The concentration of total sugar and proline were higher when the plant was treated with a lower water content. The selected clones tolerant to drought stress are RR 425 and IR 434 with high total sugar content and proline. Other characteristics, namely chlorophyll a, b, and total, as well as hydrogen peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, super oxide dismutase, peroxide dismutase, cannot be used as selection characteristics for this study. Conclusions: This drought study of IRR 400 clones with varying water content percentages illustrated that the total sugar and proline characteristics could be used to distinguish tolerance levels from other observed characteristics.

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Pasaribu, Syarifah Aini, Mohammad Basyuni, Edison Purba et Yaya Hasanah. « Physiological characteristics of IRR 400 series rubber clones (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) on drought stress ». F1000Research 12 (27 janvier 2023) : 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.129421.1.

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Background: Drought stress is one of the main causes of plant death. Strategies for plants survival are morphological adaptations, specific signaling pathways, and tolerance mechanisms. Rubber plantations have many uses, such as foreign exchange sources, job sources, forest revitalization, and a source of alternative wood for building materials and furniture. The rubber plant’s response to drought stress is a complex biological process. A tolerant rubber clone in a dry area is the right approach. The present study aimed to determine the mechanism of drought-tolerant clones, based on physiological characteristics, to obtain character selection and drought-tolerant clones early. Methods: The first factor examined for this work was clones (IRR 425, IRR 428, IRR 429, IRR 434, IRR 440, RRIC 100, and BPM 24) and the second factor was water content (30%, 60%, and 90%). The study was arranged on a factorial randomized block design and repeated three times. Characteristics observed were total sugar (µM), proline (mg/L), chlorophyll a, b, total (µg/mL), hydrogen peroxidase (µmol/g), ascorbate peroxidase (unit/mg), superoxide dismutase (unit/mg), and peroxide dismutase (unit/mg). Results: The tolerance ability of the IRR 400 series rubber clones to drought stress was determined by observing the characteristics of sugar total and proline. The concentration of total sugar and proline were higher when the plant was treated with a lower water content. The selected clones tolerant to drought stress are RR 425 and IR 434 with high total sugar content and proline. Other characteristics, namely chlorophyll a, b, and total, as well as hydrogen peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, super oxide dismutase, peroxide dismutase, cannot be used as selection characteristics for this study. Conclusions: This drought study of IRR 400 clones with varying water content percentages illustrated that the total sugar and proline characteristics could be used to distinguish tolerance levels from other observed characteristics.

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Parker, M. L., G. A. Matzeu, W. N. Alston, A. C. Fabian, A. Lobban, G. Miniutti, C. Pinto, M. Santos-Lleó et N. Schartel. « Detection of a possible multiphase ultra-fast outflow in IRAS 13349+2438 with NuSTAR and XMM–Newton ». Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society : Letters 498, n^o 1 (25 août 2020) : L140—L144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slaa144.

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ABSTRACT We present joint NuSTAR and XMM–Newton observations of the bright, variable quasar IRAS 13349+2438. This combined data set shows two clear iron absorption lines at 8 and 9 keV, which are most likely associated with two layers of mildly relativistic blueshifted absorption, with velocities of ∼0.14c and ∼0.27c. We also find strong evidence for a series of Ly α absorption lines at intermediate energies in a stacked XMM–Newton EPIC-pn spectrum, at the same blueshift as the lower velocity iron feature. This is consistent with a scenario where an outflowing wind is radially stratified, so faster, higher ionization material is observed closer to the black hole, and cooler, slower material is seen from streamlines at larger radii.

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Pasaribu, Syarifah Aini, Mohammad Basyuni, Edison Purba et Yaya Hasanah. « Physiological characteristics of IRR 400 series rubber clones (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) under drought stress ». F1000Research 12 (18 juillet 2023) : 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.129421.2.

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Background: Drought stress is one of the main causes of plant death. Strategies for plant survival include triggering of specific signaling pathways and tolerance mechanisms. Rubber plantations have many uses, including in forest revitalization and as foreign exchange sources, job sources, and as an alternative source for building materials and furniture. The rubber plant’s response to drought stress is a complex biological process. Planting tolerant rubber clone in drought prone areas would be more appropriate. The present study is aimed to identify drought tolerant traits in order to select drought-tolerant clones at juvenile stage itself. Methods: The first factor examined for this research was the clones (IRR 425, IRR 428, IRR 429, IRR 434, IRR 440, RRIC 100, and BPM 24), with water content (30%, 60%, and 90%) as the second factor studied. The study was arranged on a factorial randomized block design and repeated three times. Characteristics observed included total sugar (µM), proline (mg/L), chlorophyll a, b, total (µg/mL), hydrogen peroxidase (µmol/g), ascorbate peroxidase (unit/mg), superoxide dismutase (unit/mg), and peroxide dismutase (unit/mg). Results: The tolerance ability of the IRR 400 series rubber clones to drought stress was determined by observing the concentrations of total sugar and proline, which were higher when the plant was treated with a lower water content. The selected clones tolerant to drought stress were RR 425 and IR 434 with high total sugar and proline. Other characteristics, namely chlorophyll a, b, and total, as well as hydrogen peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxide dismutase, cannot be used as selection characteristics for this study. Conclusions: This drought study of IRR 400 clones with varying water content percentages illustrated that the total sugar and proline characteristics could be used to distinguish tolerance levels.

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Pasaribu, Syarifah Aini, Mohammad Basyuni, Edison Purba et Yaya Hasanah. « Physiological characteristics of IRR 400 series rubber clones (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) under drought stress ». F1000Research 12 (4 décembre 2023) : 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.129421.4.

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Background Drought stress is one of the main causes of plant death. Strategies for plants survival are morphological adaptations, specific signaling pathways, and tolerance mechanisms. Rubber plantations have many uses, such as foreign exchange sources, job sources, forest revitalization, and a source of alternative wood for building materials and furniture. The rubber plant’s response to drought stress is a complex biological process. A tolerant rubber clone in a dry area is the right approach. The present study aimed to identify drought tolerant traits in order to select or identify drought-tolerant clones at juvenile stage. Methods The first factor examined for this work was clones (IRR 425, IRR 428, IRR 429, IRR 434, IRR 440, RRIC 100, and BPM 24) and the second factor was water content (30%, 60%, and 90%). The study was arranged on a factorial randomized block design and repeated three times. Characteristics observed were total sugar (µM), proline (mg/L), chlorophyll a, b, total (µg/mL), hydrogen peroxidase (µmol/g), ascorbate peroxidase (unit/mg), superoxide dismutase (unit/mg), and peroxide dismutase (unit/mg). Results The tolerance ability of the IRR 400 series rubber clones to drought stress was determined by observing the characteristics of sugar total and proline. The concentration of total sugar and proline were higher when the plant was treated with a lower water content. The selected clones tolerant to drought stress are RR 425 and IR 434 with high total sugar content and proline. Other characteristics, namely chlorophyll a, b, and total, as well as hydrogen peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, super oxide dismutase, peroxide dismutase, cannot be used as selection characteristics for this study. Conclusions This drought study of IRR 400 clones with varying water content percentages illustrated that the total sugar and proline characteristics could be used to distinguish tolerance levels from other observed characteristics.

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Hölscher, Stefan. « Questioning ‘Man’ in Joana Tischkau’s Colonastics : Black Feminist Identity Politics in Contemporary German Theater ». Performance Philosophy 8, n^o 2 (25 juin 2024) : 206–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21476/pp.2023.82489.

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In my contribution to this volume on Responsive Bodies I want to take a closer look at recent Black feminist identity politics in German theater in order to think about what the Caribbean philosopher Sylvia Wynter calls ‘Man.’ In this regard later in this text I will focus on the video clip series Colonastics (2020) by Joana Tischkau. I will do so in relation to the colonial roots of post-war racism in Germany, more precisely the time after its reunification in 1989. In front of this background my claim is that Afro-German feminist theater makers in the last couple of years have been responding to a certain white dominant culture in the country I am living in as a white German, where right-wing political parties like theAlternative für Deutschland (AfD) are getting stronger again right now unfortunately. The responsiveness corresponding with the aesthetic practices of the theater makers being discussed here questions, I am claiming with Wynter, ‘Man’ as a dominant genre of being human and thereby brings forth a true pluralization of German society.

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Zeq, Lorena Margo. « Some empirical results using block bootstrap in estimating the coefficients of a periodic autoregressive model ». Balkan Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 9, n^o 2 (1 septembre 2023) : 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjir-2023-0004.

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Abstract The bootstrap proposed by Efron (1979) resulted a useful method in estimating the distribution of an estimator or a test statistic by resampling the data in the case of independent and identically distributed observations. Although it was not as effective in the case of dependent data as in the case of independent and identically distributed data, an adaptation was obtained using the block bootstrap. The block bootstrap consists in dividing the data into blocks of observations and then resampling these blocks with replacement. When resampling periodic data, we must take in consideration the periodicity present. Periodically correlated time series and in particular those related with PAR processes have been object of many recent studies due to numerous applications in real data problems. The aim of this paper is to use a block bootstrap procedure proposed, Block Bootstrap of the Residuals, in the case of PAR (Periodic Autoregressive) models. The results obtained in the case of estimating the coefficients in a PAR model studied are very good and are characterized by small values of Bias, Mean Squared Error and Standard Deviation. Also the bootstrap estimations obtained are closer to the true values than the usual classic point estimations.

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Daslin, Aidi, Sekar Woelan et Syarifah Aini Pasaribu. « HIGH LATEX YIELDING AND DISEASE RESISTANCE OF RUBBER CLONES IRR 200 SERIES ». Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 13, n^o 2 (24 octobre 2012) : 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v13n2.2012.80-85.

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Rubber clones of Indonesian Rubber Research (IRR) 200 series have been produced from intensive breeding program started in 1985. Some clones showed superior characteristics such as high latex yielding, vigorous, and disease resistant. This study aimed to test their performances in a field trial conducted since 1999 at Sungei Putih Experimental Garden, North Sumatra. The experiment was designed in a randomized block, using twelve IRR clones as treatment and PB 260 clone as control, three replications. Planting distance was 5 m x 4 m and plot size was 10 rows x 50 trees. Observations were made on girth size of the 2, 3 and 4 year-old trees, dry rubber yield following the 1/2S d/2 and 1/2S d/3.ET2.5% tapping systems, bark thickness, rings number and diameter of latex vessels, as well as leaf fall diseases intensities of 3-5 year-old trees. The results showed four IRR 200 clones, i.e. IRR 207, IRR 208, IRR 211 and IRR 220 produced high latex. Using the 1/2S d/2 tapping system, three clones with highest dry rubber yield were obtained, namely IRR 208 (49.8 g tree-1 tapping-1 or g t-1 t-1), IRR 211 (48.8 g t-1 t-1) and IRR 220 (52.0 g t-1 t-1), whereas that using the 1/2S d/3. ET2.5% tapping system, their yields were 63.2 g, 64.3 g, and 66.2 g t-1 t-1, respectively. At four year-old, these clones had girth size of 41.4-51.0 cm, girth increment 9.7-11.6 cm year-1, bark thickness 6.3-7.2 mm, latex vessel rings number 6.8-7.0, and diameter of latex vessels 23.75-26.57 mm. All of the clones were moderately resistant to Colletotrichum, Oidium and Corynespora leaf fall diseases. This study suggests that IRR 207, IRR 208, IRR 211 and IRR 220 rubber clones are suitable for commercial stake holders and the recommended tapping system is 1/2S d/3.ET2.5%.Bahasa IndonesiaKaret klon IRR (Indonesian Rubber Research) seri 200 dihasilkan melalui program pemuliaan yang intensif mulai tahun 1985. Beberapa klon menunjukkan karakteristik unggul sebagai penghasil lateks tinggi, jagur, dan tahan terhadap penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kinerja klon pada percobaan lapangan yang dibangun tahun 1999 di Kebun Percobaan Sungei Putih, Sumatera Utara. Percobaan dirancang dalam acak kelompok dengan perlakuan dua belas klon IRR dan kontrol klon PB 260, tiga ulangan. Jarak tanam 5 m x 4 m dan luas plot 10 baris x 50 pohon. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap ukuran lilit batang pada umur 2, 3 dan, 4 tahun, hasil karet kering dengan sistem sadap 1/2S d/2 dan 1/2S d/3.ET2,5%, tebal kulit, jumlah cincin, dan diameter pembuluh lateks. Intensitas serangan penyakit gugur daun diamati pada tanaman berumur 3 dan 5 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan empat klon karet IRR seri 200 yaitu IRR 207, IRR 208, IRR 211, dan IRR 220 menghasilkan lateks yang tinggi. Dengan sistem sadap 1/2S d/2, tiga klon memiliki hasil karet kering paling tinggi, yaitu IRR 208 (49,8 g pohon-1 sadap-1 atau g p-1 s-1), IRR 211 (48,8 g p-1 s-1), dan IRR 220 (52,0 g p-1 s-1), sedangkan menggunakan sistem sadap 1/2S d/3. ET2,5%, hasil masing-masing klon adalah 63,2 g, 64,3 g, dan 66,2 g p-1 s-1. Pada umur empat tahun, klon-klon ini memiliki ukuran lilit batang 41,4-51,0 cm, pertambahan lilit batang 9,7-11,6 cm tahun-1, ketebalan kulit 6,3-7,2 mm, jumlah cincin pembuluh lateks 6,8-7,0, dan diameter pembuluh lateks 23,75-26,57 mm. Semua klon tahan terhadap penyakit gugur daun Colletotrichum, Oidium, dan Corynespora. Dengan demikian, klon karet IRR 207, IRR 208, IRR 211, dan IRR 220 cocok dikembangkan secara komersial dan sistem sadap yang dianjurkan adalah ½S d/3.ET2,5%.

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Daslin, Aidi, Sekar Woelan et Syarifah Aini Pasaribu. « HIGH LATEX YIELDING AND DISEASE RESISTANCE OF RUBBER CLONES IRR 200 SERIES ». Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 13, n^o 2 (24 octobre 2012) : 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v13n2.2012.p80-85.

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Rubber clones of Indonesian Rubber Research (IRR) 200 series have been produced from intensive breeding program started in 1985. Some clones showed superior characteristics such as high latex yielding, vigorous, and disease resistant. This study aimed to test their performances in a field trial conducted since 1999 at Sungei Putih Experimental Garden, North Sumatra. The experiment was designed in a randomized block, using twelve IRR clones as treatment and PB 260 clone as control, three replications. Planting distance was 5 m x 4 m and plot size was 10 rows x 50 trees. Observations were made on girth size of the 2, 3 and 4 year-old trees, dry rubber yield following the 1/2S d/2 and 1/2S d/3.ET2.5% tapping systems, bark thickness, rings number and diameter of latex vessels, as well as leaf fall diseases intensities of 3-5 year-old trees. The results showed four IRR 200 clones, i.e. IRR 207, IRR 208, IRR 211 and IRR 220 produced high latex. Using the 1/2S d/2 tapping system, three clones with highest dry rubber yield were obtained, namely IRR 208 (49.8 g tree-1 tapping-1 or g t-1 t-1), IRR 211 (48.8 g t-1 t-1) and IRR 220 (52.0 g t-1 t-1), whereas that using the 1/2S d/3. ET2.5% tapping system, their yields were 63.2 g, 64.3 g, and 66.2 g t-1 t-1, respectively. At four year-old, these clones had girth size of 41.4-51.0 cm, girth increment 9.7-11.6 cm year-1, bark thickness 6.3-7.2 mm, latex vessel rings number 6.8-7.0, and diameter of latex vessels 23.75-26.57 mm. All of the clones were moderately resistant to Colletotrichum, Oidium and Corynespora leaf fall diseases. This study suggests that IRR 207, IRR 208, IRR 211 and IRR 220 rubber clones are suitable for commercial stake holders and the recommended tapping system is 1/2S d/3.ET2.5%.Bahasa IndonesiaKaret klon IRR (Indonesian Rubber Research) seri 200 dihasilkan melalui program pemuliaan yang intensif mulai tahun 1985. Beberapa klon menunjukkan karakteristik unggul sebagai penghasil lateks tinggi, jagur, dan tahan terhadap penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kinerja klon pada percobaan lapangan yang dibangun tahun 1999 di Kebun Percobaan Sungei Putih, Sumatera Utara. Percobaan dirancang dalam acak kelompok dengan perlakuan dua belas klon IRR dan kontrol klon PB 260, tiga ulangan. Jarak tanam 5 m x 4 m dan luas plot 10 baris x 50 pohon. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap ukuran lilit batang pada umur 2, 3 dan, 4 tahun, hasil karet kering dengan sistem sadap 1/2S d/2 dan 1/2S d/3.ET2,5%, tebal kulit, jumlah cincin, dan diameter pembuluh lateks. Intensitas serangan penyakit gugur daun diamati pada tanaman berumur 3 dan 5 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan empat klon karet IRR seri 200 yaitu IRR 207, IRR 208, IRR 211, dan IRR 220 menghasilkan lateks yang tinggi. Dengan sistem sadap 1/2S d/2, tiga klon memiliki hasil karet kering paling tinggi, yaitu IRR 208 (49,8 g pohon-1 sadap-1 atau g p-1 s-1), IRR 211 (48,8 g p-1 s-1), dan IRR 220 (52,0 g p-1 s-1), sedangkan menggunakan sistem sadap 1/2S d/3. ET2,5%, hasil masing-masing klon adalah 63,2 g, 64,3 g, dan 66,2 g p-1 s-1. Pada umur empat tahun, klon-klon ini memiliki ukuran lilit batang 41,4-51,0 cm, pertambahan lilit batang 9,7-11,6 cm tahun-1, ketebalan kulit 6,3-7,2 mm, jumlah cincin pembuluh lateks 6,8-7,0, dan diameter pembuluh lateks 23,75-26,57 mm. Semua klon tahan terhadap penyakit gugur daun Colletotrichum, Oidium, dan Corynespora. Dengan demikian, klon karet IRR 207, IRR 208, IRR 211, dan IRR 220 cocok dikembangkan secara komersial dan sistem sadap yang dianjurkan adalah ½S d/3.ET2,5%.

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Pasaribu, S. A., M. Basyuni, E. Purba et R. Tistama. « Growth and leaf anatomy of rubber clones (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) IRR 400 series toward drought stress ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 977, n^o 1 (1 juin 2022) : 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/977/1/012042.

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Abstract The growth and leaf anatomy of plants in general time will changes when cultivated in drought area. An adaptation plant process that can be assessed from morphological characters. The research was conducted in a greenhouse and physiology laboratory at Sungei Putih Research Center, Indonesian Rubber Research Institute from June to September 2020. The study design is factorial randomized block design (RBD), the first factor is rubber clones (IRR 425, IRR 428, IRR 429, IRR 434, IRR 440, RRIC 100, BPM 24), the second factor is water content based on capasity field (CF) (30%, 60%, 90%) with repeated three times. The data is analyzed by MINITAB 6 software. If the analysis showed a significant difference, it would be continued by Tukey 5% test. The observed characters were plant height (cm), girth (mm), cuticle thickness (μm), stomata density and leaf relative water content (%). The results showed plant height and girth a decrease when the water content 30% CF, while cuticle thickness, stomata density and leaf relative moisture content appeared to be relatively same between among water content. IRR 434 clone is selected as clone with highest of plant height and stem diameter in drought stress.

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Sullivan, Deirdre A., Mats H. Holmqvist et Irwin B. Levitan. « Characterization of Gating and Peptide Block of mSlo, a Cloned Calcium-Dependent Potassium Channel ». Journal of Neurophysiology 78, n^o 6 (1 décembre 1997) : 2937–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.6.2937.

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Sullivan, Deirdre A., Mats H. Holmqvist, and Irwin B. Levitan. Characterization of gating and peptide block of mSlo, a cloned calcium-dependent potassium channel. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2937–2950, 1997. The 20 amino acid Shaker inactivation peptide blocks mSlo, a cloned calcium-dependent potassium channel. Changing the charge and degree of hydrophobicity of the peptide alters its blocking kinetics. A “triple mutant” mSlo channel was constructed in which three amino acids (T256, S259, and L262), equivalent to those identified as part of the peptide's receptor site in the S4–S5 cytoplasmic loop region of the Shaker channel, were mutated simultaneously to alanines. These mutations produce only limited changes in the channel's susceptibility to block by a series of peptides of varying charge and hydrophobicity but do alter channel gating. The triple mutant channel shows a significant shift in its calcium-activation curve as compared with the wild-type channel. Analysis of the corresponding single amino acid mutations shows that mutation at position L262 causes the most dramatic change in mSlo gating. These results suggest that the three amino acids mutated in the mSlo S4–S5 loop may contribute to, but are not essential for, peptide binding. On the other hand, they do play a critical role in the channel's calcium-sensing mechanism.

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Rodrigues, Sandro Lima, et Denize Correa Araujo. « “Queda Livre” : Conceitos de Cidadania em Episódio da Série Black Mirror ». Cambiassu : Estudos em Comunicação 16, n^o 28 (28 décembre 2021) : 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2176-5111v16n28.2021.24.

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As inovações tecnológicas otimizaram novas possibilidades de interações pessoais no ambiente virtual, causando, no entanto, significativas mudanças comportamentais em certas ocasiões. O objetivo deste artigo é identificar as correlações das novas tecnologias com a realidade contemporânea, tendo o episódio intitulado “Nosedive” (em portuguêsbrasileiro,“Queda Livre”) da terceira temporada da série “Black Mirror” (Brooker, 2016) como contexto representativo de uma sociedade cada vez mais conectada em ambientes virtuais, exibindo comportamentos que por vezes geram dissonâncias cognitivas nos conceitos de cidadania. Após a análise com metodologia dialética, aproximando o episódio em análise com o que a sociedade tecnológica está exibindo, a conclusão é que o episódio “Queda Livre” está potencializando a cultura do impressionar, que retrata o desespero de indivíduos por serem notados e aceitos em uma sociedade, incluindo a síndrome de FOMO (Fear of Missing Out/medo de ficar de fora), patologia cada vez mais presente, que questiona conceitos de cidadania em redes sociais e ambientes virtuais. O referencial teórico para a análise inclui conceitos de Zygmunt Bauman, Massimo Di Felice, Pierre Lévy, Andrew Keen e SherryTurkle.“Nosedive”: Citizenship Concepts in Episode of the Series Black MirrorAbstractThe technological innovations have optimized new possibilities for personal interactions in the virtual environment, causing, however, significant behavioral changes on occasion. The aim of this article is to identify the correlations of new technologies with contemporary reality, with the episode entitled “Nosedive” (in Brazilian-Portuguese, “Free Fall”) from the third season of the series “Black Mirror” (Brooker, 2016) as context representative of a society increasingly connected in virtual environments, exhibiting behaviors that sometimes generate cognitive dissonance in the concepts of citizenship. After analyzing with dialectical methodology, bringing the episode under analysis closer to what the technological society is exhibiting, the conclusion is that the episode "Free Fall" is enhancing the culture of impressing, which portrays the despair of individuals for being noticed and accepted in a society, including the syndrome of FOMO (Fear of Missing Out/fear of being left out), an increasingly present pathology that questions concepts of citizenship in social networks and virtual environments. The theoretical framework for the analysis includes concepts by Zygmunt Bauman, Massimo Di Felice, Pierre Lévy, Andrew Keen and SherryTurkle.Keywords: Behavior; communication; social nets; virtual scenery; citizenship.

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Slaghenaufi, Davide, Enrico Peruch, Marco De Cosmi, Léa Nouvelet et Maurizio Ugliano. « Volatile and phenolic composition of monovarietal red wines of Valpolicella appellations ». OENO One 55, n^o 1 (15 mars 2021) : 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2021.55.1.3865.

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The volatile and phenolic compositions of nine monovarietal wines from the following grape varieties allowed in the Valpolicella appellation were investigated: Corvina, Corvinone, Rondinella, Molinara, Oseleta, Raboso, Croatina, Sangiovese and Cabernet-Sauvignon. Different clones were also investigated for Corvina and Corvinone, the two main varieties of the appellation. All grapes were harvested from a single experimental block and vinified following a standard protocol. Wines from different clones of Corvina were characterised by higher monoterpenols content, including linalool, α-terpineol and geraniol, as well as by a peculiar pattern of C6-alcohols. Relatively high levels of monoterpene alcohols were also found in Corvinone wines, while Oseleta showed the highest concentration of terpinen-4-ol and cis- and trans- isomers of linalool oxide. The evaluation of the wine aroma profile by means of different aromatic series indicated higher values for the “floral”, “fruity” and “ripe fruit” series for Corvina and Corvinone wines. Major differences in phenolic composition were found between the different varieties of wine. The total phenolics and total tannins values for Corvina, Corvinone, Rondinella and Molinara wines indicated relatively low phenolic content in comparison with Croatina, Oseleta, Cabernet-Sauvignon. There were also major differences in the content of individual phenolic compounds, in particular anthocyanins, between the monovarietal wines.

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Nemes, Krisztina. « The Intermediate Zone of Translation Part I. » Acta Hispanica, n^o III (29 octobre 2021) : 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/actahisp.2021.0.89-100.

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Translation is a par excellence cultural communication and translators are agents of cultural transfer by means of language. Literary texts provide the translator with a higher grade of freedom than any other type of texts because of the self-referentiality of art encoded in language. Decoding the original and creating a new body in a different referential system are individual hermeneutic acts of the translator. Deciphering an author’s world is a step closer to the heart of the source culture and an ever-open language-game. The challenges I met translating Irene Solà’s novel gave me a special insight to Catalan culture and the English, Italian and Spanish translations gave me the opportunity to study other translation strategies. This essay is the first in the series of traductography essays centred on the Catalan-Hungarian intercultural communication revealing the processes in the black-box of the translator’s mind that on the one hand can serve as a guide to Catalan culture and, on the other hand, as a basis for further translatology research.

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Azzam, W. R., et A. K. Nazir. « Liquefaction Mitigation Using Lateral Confinement Technique ». Advances in Civil Engineering 2012 (2012) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/538274.

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The exploration of a series of shaking tests on circular model footing with and without cellular confinement constructed around the footing with variable depths and diameters under the effect of variable net bearing stress is studied. The effect of the confinement on the liquefaction time, final settlement, excess pore water pressure, and induced building acceleration were studied. The consequences showed that installing the cell with minimum diameter closer to footing and sufficient penetration depth significantly delayed the liquefaction time. It can be considered as an alternative technique to decrease both the lateral spreading and the final settlement below the foundation during the shaking. The results demonstrated that the cell reduced the excess pore water pressure within the confined zone and the pore water pressure migration outside the confined block where the liquefaction is induced. Moreover, the peak foundation acceleration of the confined footing soil system is reduced compared with the case of without cell confinement.

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Yousuf, MN, MM Hasan, S. Brahma, Deeder Sultana et AHM Fazlul Kabir. « Responses of garlic to zinc, copper, boron and molybdenum Application in grey terrace soil of amnura soil series ». Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 41, n^o 1 (9 mai 2016) : 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v41i1.27673.

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A field experiment was conducted at the Spices Research Centre, Shibgonj, Bogra, Bangladesh during rabi (winter) seasons of 2008-09 and 2009-10 to determine the requirement of Zn, Cu, B and Mo of garlic (BARI Garlic 2) along with a blanket dose of cowdung 5 t, 100 kg N, 40 kg P, 100 kg K and 30 kg S/ha for achieving satisfactory bulb yield of this crop. Different levels of zinc (0, 1.0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 kg/ha), copper (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg/ha), boron (0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 kg/ha) and molybdenum (0, 0.5 and 1.0 kg/ha) were distributed in the plot. The experiment was tested in randomized complete block design with three replications. The positive impact of application of those nutrients plant height, number of leaves per plant, cloves per bulb, diameter and weight of bulb and yield of garlic up to a moderate level of Zn3.0Cu1.0B3.0Mo1.0 kg/ha. The highest bulb yield (4.87 t/ha in 2008-09 and 6.6 t/ha in 2009-10) was obtained from Zn3.0Cu1.0B3.0Mo1.0 kg/ha and yield was declined with higher dose of these elements except Mo. The fertilizer treatment Zn3.0Cu1.0B3.0Mo1.0 kg/ha was observed to be the best suitable dose for garlic production on Grey Terrace Soil of Amnura Soil Series under AEZ-25 (Level Barind Tract) of Bangladesh.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(1): 85-90, March 2016

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Orban, P. C., et J. W. Schrader. « Antibodies to an autostimulatory growth factor (IL-2) or its receptor induce death of leukemogenic cells. » Journal of Immunology 156, n^o 9 (1 mai 1996) : 3334–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.156.9.3334.

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Abstract We show for the first time that Ab-mediated antagonism of growth factor activity can induce death of all cells in clonal populations surviving and growing by an autostimulatory mechanism. Models of autostimulatory leukemia were generated by transfecting a mouse IL-2-dependent cell line (FD.C/2) with vectors directing production of IL-2 by these cells. One series of clones grew in a density-dependent manner in the absence of exogenous IL-2 and produced tumors in syngeneic mice. Although these clones released relatively small amounts of IL-2, their growth and survival was only partially inhibited by Abs to IL-2 or the IL-2R. Another autostimulatory clone was derived, using a different vector, which produced significantly less IL-2. Treatment of cells of this clone with Abs to IL-2 or its receptor resulted in death of all cells. These data demonstrate that Abs that antagonize growth factor action can induce the death of cells transformed by autostimulatory mechanisms. They suggest that while autostimulatory tumors are relatively resistant to Abs that block growth factor action, this is a quantitative phenomenon, and competitive antagonists of growth factor action of sufficiently high affinity may provide effective and specific adjuvants to the treatment of such tumors.

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Martínez Valenzuela, Laura, Paula Antón, Ariel Tango, Francisco Gómez, Xavier Fulladosa, Alejandra De Carvalho, Montserrat Gomà, Josep Maria Cruzado, Juliana Draibe et Juan Torras. « Avoiding immunogenic drugs is key to preserve renal function in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors : Lessons learned from three illustrative cases ». Journal of Onco-Nephrology 5, n^o 3 (octobre 2021) : 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23993693211048506.

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Background: In the recent years, new immunotherapy agents are showing promising results in the treatment of cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), which block neoplasm-induced lymphocyte inhibition and enhance cancer immunosurveillance mechanisms, are associated to acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN). The mechanisms of this adverse effect are debated. Methods: We present a three-case series of ATIN in the setting of ICI therapy managed in our Nephrology department. We detail the clinical course of the episodes, emphasizing on the concomitant medications administered. We also conducted a literature review of the altered drug immunogenicity in patients under immunotherapy drugs. Results: The three reported ATIN cases illustrate closer temporal association with the concomitant medication rather than the ICI itself. This suggests a scenario where the tolerance to previously accepted drugs seems to be lost. Moreover, one of the patients presented an ATIN flare after ICI discontinuation, suggesting an state of leukocyte hyperactivation. Conclusions: Unraveling the exact patho-mechanisms by which ICI-related ATIN occurs will allow the prevention of the development of this side effect and determine whether ICI re-challenge in patients previously affected by ICI-ATIN is safe.

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Eberl, D. F., B. J. Duyf et A. J. Hilliker. « The role of heterochromatin in the expression of a heterochromatic gene, the rolled locus of Drosophila melanogaster. » Genetics 134, n^o 1 (1 mai 1993) : 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/134.1.277.

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Abstract Constitutive heterochromatic regions of chromosomes are those that remain condensed through most or all of the cell cycle. In Drosophila melanogaster, the constitutive heterochromatic regions, located around the centromere, contain a number of gene loci, but at a much lower density than euchromatin. In the autosomal heterochromatin, the gene loci appear to be unique sequence genes interspersed among blocks of highly repeated sequences. Euchromatic genes do not function well when brought into the vicinity of heterochromatin (position-effect variegation). We test the possibility that the blocks of centromeric heterochromatin provide an environment essential for heterochromatic gene function. To assay directly the functional requirement of autosomal heterochromatic genes to reside in heterochromatin, the rolled (rl) gene, which is normally located deep in chromosome 2R heterochromatin, was relocated within small blocks of heterochromatin to a variety of euchromatic positions by successive series of chromosomal rearrangements. The function of the rl gene is severely affected in rearrangements in which the rl gene is isolated in a small block of heterochromatin, and these position effects can be reverted by rearrangements which bring the rl gene closer to any large block of autosomal or X chromosome heterochromatin. There is some evidence that five other 2R heterochromatic genes are also affected among these rearrangements. These findings demonstrate that the heterochromatic genes, in contrast to euchromatic genes whose function is inhibited by relocation to heterochromatin, require proximity to heterochromatin to function properly, and they argue strongly that a major function of the highly repeated satellite DNA, which comprises most of the heterochromatin, is to provide this heterochromatic environment.

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Del Porto, P., F. Mami-Chouaib, J. M. Bruneau, S. Jitsukawa, J. Dumas, M. Harnois et T. Hercend. « TCT.1, a target molecule for gamma/delta T cells, is encoded by an immunoglobulin superfamily gene (Blast-1) located in the CD1 region of human chromosome 1. » Journal of Experimental Medicine 173, n^o 6 (1 juin 1991) : 1339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.173.6.1339.

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We have recently generated a series of gamma/delta T cell clones able to kill, after in vitro immunization, an Epstein-Barr Virus-transformed B cell line (designated E418) in a non-major histocompatibility complex-requiring fashion. A monoclonal antibody, termed anti-10H3, produced against E418 was selected by its ability to block these cytotoxic interactions. Further analysis indicated that the inhibitory effects of anti-10H3 were highly selective (i.e., no blocking activity with multiple control clones used as effector cells; no alteration of the natural killer-like function mediated by the relevant gamma/delta clones against 10H3+ tumor cells such as Rex). The molecule immunoprecipitated by anti-10H3, termed TCT.1, was characterized as a 43-kD protein broadly distributed in the hematopoietic system. The TCT.1 molecule has been further studied here by protein microsequencing. Results show that the TCT.1-derived peptide sequences are virtually identical to corresponding regions of Blast-1, a previously described surface protein with unknown function. The likely identity of the two molecules has been strengthened by analyzing the susceptibility of TCT.1 to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C digestion in light of the known anchorage of Blast-1 to the cell membrane through a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-containing lipid. The TCT.1/Blast-1-encoding gene is well characterized; it belongs to the immunoglobulin gene superfamily and it is located in the same band of chromosome 1 as the CD1 gene cluster. Together, these data further support the view that proteins distinct from the conventional class I/II histocompatibility molecules are involved in specific T cell recognition.

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Young-Wolff, Kelly C., Natalie E. Slama, Alisa A. Padon, Lynn D. Silver, Aurash Soroosh, Stacey E. Alexeeff, Sara R. Adams et al. « Geographic Accessibility of Retail Cannabis in Northern California and Prenatal Cannabis Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic ». JAMA Network Open 5, n^o 11 (29 novembre 2022) : e2244086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.44086.

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ImportancePrenatal cannabis use is associated with health risks for mothers and their children. Prior research suggests that rates of prenatal cannabis use in Northern California increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, but it is unknown whether increases varied with the local cannabis retail and policy environment.ObjectiveTo test whether pandemic-related increases in prenatal cannabis use were greater among pregnant individuals with greater retail availability of cannabis around their homes or among those living in jurisdictions that allowed storefront retailers.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cross-sectional, population-based time series study used data from pregnancies in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California health care system screened for cannabis use before (January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2020) and during (April 1 to December 31, 2020) the early COVID-19 pandemic. Proximity to the nearest retailer and number of retailers within a 15-minute drive from one’s home and local cannabis storefront retailer policy (banned vs permitted) were calculated. Interrupted time series models were fit using multiplicative and additive Poisson regression, adjusting for age and race and ethnicity.ExposuresThe COVID-19 pandemic.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrenatal cannabis use based on universal urine toxicology tests conducted during early pregnancy at entrance to prenatal care.ResultsThe sample (n = 99 127 pregnancies) included 26.2% Asian or Pacific Islander, 6.8% Black, 27.6% Hispanic, 34.4% non-Hispanic White, and 4.9% other, unknown, or multiracial individuals, with a mean (SD) age of 30.8 (5.3) years. Prenatal cannabis use before (6.8%) and during (8.2%) the pandemic was associated with closer proximity to a retailer, greater retailer density, and residing in a jurisdiction that permitted vs banned retailers. There was a greater absolute increase in cannabis use from before to during the pandemic among those within a 10-minute drive (&lt;10 minutes: adjusted rate difference [aRD], 0.93 cases/100 patients; 95% CI, 0.56-1.29 cases/100 patients; ≥10 minutes: aRD, 0.40 cases/100 patients; 95% CI, 0.12-0.68 cases/100 patients; interaction P = .02). Otherwise, relative and absolute rates increased similarly across categories of cannabis retailer proximity/density and local policy (interaction P &gt; .05).Conclusions and RelevancePrenatal cannabis use was more common among individuals living in areas with greater retail availability of cannabis. Although relative rates increased similarly during the pandemic regardless of local cannabis retail and policy environment, there was a larger absolute increase associated with living closer to a storefront cannabis retailer. Continued monitoring of local cannabis policy, the retail environment, and prenatal cannabis use is needed.

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Guo, Cunlan, Xi Yu, Sivan Refaely-Abramson, Lior Sepunaru, Tatyana Bendikov, Israel Pecht, Leeor Kronik, Ayelet Vilan, Mordechai Sheves et David Cahen. « Tuning electronic transport via hepta-alanine peptides junction by tryptophan doping ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, n^o 39 (12 septembre 2016) : 10785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606779113.

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Charge migration for electron transfer via the polypeptide matrix of proteins is a key process in biological energy conversion and signaling systems. It is sensitive to the sequence of amino acids composing the protein and, therefore, offers a tool for chemical control of charge transport across biomaterial-based devices. We designed a series of linear oligoalanine peptides with a single tryptophan substitution that acts as a “dopant,” introducing an energy level closer to the electrodes’ Fermi level than that of the alanine homopeptide. We investigated the solid-state electron transport (ETp) across a self-assembled monolayer of these peptides between gold contacts. The single tryptophan “doping” markedly increased the conductance of the peptide chain, especially when its location in the sequence is close to the electrodes. Combining inelastic tunneling spectroscopy, UV photoelectron spectroscopy, electronic structure calculations by advanced density-functional theory, and dc current–voltage analysis, the role of tryptophan in ETp is rationalized by charge tunneling across a heterogeneous energy barrier, via electronic states of alanine and tryptophan, and by relatively efficient direct coupling of tryptophan to a Au electrode. These results reveal a controlled way of modulating the electrical properties of molecular junctions by tailor-made “building block” peptides.

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Tomei, Licia, Sergio Altamura, Linda Bartholomew, Monica Bisbocci, Carolyn Bailey, Michele Bosserman, Antonella Cellucci et al. « Characterization of the Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication by Nonnucleosides ». Journal of Virology 78, n^o 2 (15 janvier 2004) : 938–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.2.938-946.2004.

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ABSTRACT The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is necessary for the replication of viral RNA and thus represents an attractive target for drug development. Several structural classes of nonnucleoside inhibitors (NNIs) of HCV RNA polymerase have been described, including a promising series of benzothiadiazine compounds that efficiently block replication of HCV subgenomic replicons in tissue culture. In this work we report the selection of replicons resistant to inhibition by the benzothiadiazine class of NNIs. Four different single mutations were identified in separate clones, and all four map to the RNA polymerase gene, validating the polymerase as the antiviral target of inhibition. The mutations (M414T, C451R, G558R, and H95R) render the HCV replicons resistant to inhibition by benzothiadiazines, though the mutant replicons remain sensitive to inhibition by other nucleoside and NNIs of the HCV RNA polymerase. Additionally, cross-resistance studies and synergistic inhibition of the enzyme by combinations of a benzimidazole and a benzothiadiazine indicate the existence of nonoverlapping binding sites for these two structural classes of inhibitors.

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Millar, Roberto J. « NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT AND PHYSICAL FUNCTION : EVIDENCE OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC DIFFERENCES ». Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (novembre 2019) : S279—S280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1034.

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Abstract Empirical and theoretical scholarship suggest that as individuals age and their physical, cognitive, and social needs change, their neighborhood environment becomes increasingly important to their health and well-being. Despite recent advances in this area of research, a number of critical gaps remain. Namely, few studies examine the associations between neighborhood social environments and performance-based physical function. Furthermore, racial and ethnic differences are widely understudied. The objectives of this study are (1) to examine the association between neighborhood social cohesion and physical disorder on physical function in older adults, and (2) to identify potential racial/ethnic differences in these associations. Data come from round five (collected in 2015) of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS; N=5,619). A series of adjusted linear regression models were used to predict performance-based physical function based on characteristics of the neighborhood social environment (i.e., cohesion, disorder). Results showed that only neighborhood physical disorder was statistically significantly associated with poorer physical function (p < 0.05). Similarly, when stratified by race/ethnicity, only neighborhood physical disorder was associated with poorer physical function in Whites (p < 0.05). There was no significant association for either neighborhood social environment characteristic and physical function for Black or Hispanic older adults. Racial and ethnic differences warrant closer investigation in studies of neighborhood effects on health. Community-level interventions, policy makers, and researchers should consider the interactions between minority membership and neighborhood social environments when addressing issues of health and physical function.

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Li, Da-Wei, Jian-Feng Yu, Yong-Jing Chen, Hong-Bing Ma, Zheng-Fei Wang, Yi-Bei Zhu et Xue-Guang Zhang. « Refolding and Characterization of Recombinant Human GST-PD-1 Fusion Protein Expressed in Escherichia coli ». Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 36, n^o 2 (1 février 2004) : 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abbs/36.2.141.

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Abstract Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is a costimulatory molecule of CD28 family expressed on activated T, B and myeloid cells. The engagement of PD-1 with its two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, inhibits proliferation of T cell and production of a series of its cytokines. The blockade of PD-1 pathway is involved in antiviral and antitumoral immunity. In this study, human PD-1 cDNA encoding extracellular domain was amplified and cloned into expression plasmid pGEX-5x-3. The fusion protein GST-PD-1 was effectively expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) as inclusion bodies and a denaturation and refolding procedure was performed to obtain bioactive soluble GST-PD-1. Fusion protein of above 95% purity was acquired by a convenient two-step purification using GST affinity and size exclusion columns. Furthermore, a PD-L1-dependent in vitro bioassay method was set up to characterize GST-PD-1 bioactivity. The results suggested that GST-PD-1 could competently block the interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1 and increase the production of IL-2 and IFN-γ of phytohemagglutinin-activated T cells.

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Gupta, Dr Sanjeev Kumar, et Gurmeet Singh. « Effect of Stone Dust on Properties of Soil ». International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, n^o 9 (30 septembre 2023) : 382–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55642.

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Abstract: Stone dust is a kind of solid waste material that is generated from stone crushing industry which is abundantly available. It is estimated that each crusher unit produce 15%-20% stone dust. Disposal of such wastes poses lots of geo environmental problems such as landfill disposal problems, health and environmental hazards. The best way to eliminate these problems is to make use such waste. Keeping this in view an experimental study was conducted on locally available soil by mixing it with Stone Dust. The effect of randomly distributed Stone Dust on MDD, OMC, and CBR has been discussed in this report. The percentage of stone dust by dry weight of soil was taken as 10%, 20%, 30%, and 50%.The first series of compaction, specific gravity and CBR tests were conducted on the soil and the same tests were conducted in the second series on soil samples mixed with stone dust. Laboratory experiments favorably suggest that mixing stone dust with soil would be effective in improving soil properties. Due to rapid growth of population and industrialization there is tremendous increase in construction activities. The cities and villages are coming closer, there is fast growth of vehicles running on roads. There is shortage of land for construction of buildings, roads, highways and airfields. The land available may not be suitable for construction activities. The soil may be black cotton, clayey, and loamy. The existing site conditions may or may not be sufficiently strong enough to withstand the load coming on it. In order to overcome these problem ground improvement technique such as soil stabilization, soil reinforcement etc. are evolved. The mechanical stabilization of soil proves to be cost effective and reliable. As the property of clayey soil proves to be suitable for mechanical stabilization, the cohesive natured clayey soil were chosen and checked for their geotechnical properties with other general soil characteristics by varying the content of stone dust The modification of soil is carried out by addition of stone dust to original expansive soils in the range of 0 to 50% by the percentage increase of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 50% and the effect of stone dust on liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, dry density, optimum moisture content and CBR values is considered

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ITOH, Hiroshi, Nagamu INOUE et Daniel K. PODOLSKY. « Goblet-cell-specific transcription of mouse intestinal trefoil factor gene results from collaboration of complex series of positive and negative regulatory elements ». Biochemical Journal 341, n^o 2 (8 juillet 1999) : 461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3410461.

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Intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) is expressed selectively in intestinal goblet cells. Previous studies of the rat ITF gene identified one cis-regulatory element, designated the goblet-cell-response element (GCRE), present in the proximal region of the promoter. To identify additional cis-regulatory elements responsible for goblet-cell-specific expression, a DNA fragment containing 6353 bp of the 5′-flanking region of the mouse ITF gene was cloned and its promoter activity was examined extensively. In human and murine intestinal-derived cell lines (LS174T and CMT-93), the luciferase activities of a 6.3-kb construct were 5- and 2-fold greater than the smaller 1.8-kb construct, respectively. In contrast, the activity in non-intestinal cell lines (HepG2 and HeLa) was 2-4-fold lower than the smaller construct. In the region downstream from the 1.8-kb position, strong luciferase activities in LS174T and HepG2 cells were observed using a 201-bp construct. Interestingly, increased activity was almost completely suppressed in cells transfected with a 391-bp construct. Detailed analyses of this region revealed the existence of a 11-bp positive regulatory element (-181 to -170; ACCTCTTCCTG) and a 9-bp negative regulatory element (-208 to -200; ATTGACAGA) in addition to the GCRE. All three elements were well conserved among human, rat and mouse ITF gene promoters. In addition, a mutant 1.8-kb construct in which the negative regulatory region was deleted yielded the same approximate luciferase activity as a 6.3-kb construct, suggesting binding of a goblet-cell-specific silencer inhibitor (SI) between -6.3 and -1.8 kb. The SI present in goblet cells may block the silencers' binding to the pre-initiation complex and allow increased transcriptional activity driven by specific and non-specific enhancers. High-level expression of the mouse ITF gene specifically in intestinal goblet cells may be achieved through the combined effects of these regulatory elements.

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Munduzova, M. « Conditions for the formation of ore-bearing Lower-Middle Paleozoic sedimentary formations of the Chatkal-Qurama Mountains of Uzbekistan ». Vestnik of geosciences, n^o 2 (24 avril 2024) : 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/geov.2024.2.2.

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The article describes stratiform lead-zinc and polymetallic deposits in Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of the southwestern Tien Shan of the Chatkal-Qurama Mountains using rhythmostratigraphic analysis developed by professor at Tashkent State University V. I. Popov (Popov et al., 1963; Popov, 1980). Tectonic movements play a major role in the formation of new structural elements of the lithosphere and the earth's surface. Large tectonic movements spread over large areas and become regional tectonic rhythms. Considerable phases of tectonic movements were divided into smaller phases. We observed the change in formational composition: the boundary and beginning of the rhythm series were dominated by clastic facies of mobile shallow water (surf-clastic), closer to the beltv — quiet-water or stagnant (Popov et al., 1963; Popov, 1980). We stadied the northwestern slopes of the Qurama ridge in the upper reaches of the Karakiya River. Lithological-facies sections and maps of actual materials were made in the study areas. Early Silurian sediments of the were formed in the conditions of a quiet-water (central-sedimentary) shallow-water basin, zones under the influence of bottom currents (bottom current) and deltaic (underwater deltaic) facies belt; Devonian-Lower Carboniferous sediments were accumulated in wave surf zone, bay (shallow-flood belt) and underwater delta (underwater delta belt). Three ore-bearing units with high contents of gold, copper, lead, zinc and a number of other metals were identified in the Lower Silurian terrigenous formations. Black dolomites of the stagnant zone of a shallow-water bay (shallow-bay facies) with high contents of lead were identified in the Devonian sedimentary formations. The confinement of increased concentrations of polymetals to certain layers and units of sedimentary dolomite rocks enriched in organic matter indicates that the accumulation of dispersed ore matter is syngenetic to the sedimentation process.

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Amugo, Frank, et Ibani Ikuinyi-Owaji. « States and Local Government Creations in Nigeria : A Veritable Tool for the Economic Underdevelopment of the Minorities ». International Journal of Strategic Research in Education, Technology and Humanities 10, n^o 2 (11 novembre 2022) : 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijsreth.v10.i2.10.

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The creation of states and local governments anywhere in the world has been a veritable instrument to drive and achieve meaningful development and bring governance structure and processes closer to the people. It is indeed one of the models through which development could easily be fostered across all regions In Nigeria. This paper examines states' and local governments' creation in Nigeria to determine whether the practice has achieved its universal purpose or otherwise, especially as it affects the minorities and people of the Niger Delta. Employing historical research methods and using both primary and secondary data, as well as the political economy framework, the paper establishes that the practice of Nigeria has rather underdeveloped the minority and oil-bearing regions in Nigeria. The experiment was purely designed for political expediency at the time and It is important to note that state and local government creation in Nigeria seems to be a veritable tool to undermine and under-develop the minority ethnic groups whose natural resources (the black gold) are used to service the entire nation and develop Lagos, Abuja and other parts of the country, with minimal amounts left to service the area where these natural resources are extracted. This has led to a series of conflicts that are still raging to date, with the minorities of South-South Nigeria demanding justice and the control of their resources through the application of fiscal federalism. They concluded that state and local government creation in Nigeria, rather than being a tool for the development of the minorities, is designed to selfishly enrich the major ethnic groups and recommends amongst others fiscal federalism as a means of assuaging the fears of continuous economic under-dev opment of the minorities by the majority ethnic groups.

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Priyanka Bansal, Nidhi Sultania et Kunal Bansal. « Rhomboid intercostal sub serratus plane block – Same bird with different horizons ». Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 14, n^o 12 (1 décembre 2023) : 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v14i12.59165.

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Sir,We did a case series in five patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy who were given RISS for post-operative analgesia. We noticed that the intraoperative fentanyl consumption as well as the post-operative analgesic consumption was significantly less. The overall quality of life and satisfaction score for routine daily activities like wearing clothes was better in our patients. The importance and efficacy of these blocks are because of the continuity of the interfacial planes across varied anatomical tissues. These planes have various cutaneous as well as sympathetic branches and hence drug given spreads to cover a large dermatomal area. RISS has been proposed to cover lateral cutaneous branches of T2 to T11 that extend medially to cover dorsal rami deep to the errector spinae muscle plane (ESP). The site of injectate is at T5-T6. The dermatomal coverage is 4 cm lateral to the midline anteriorly, posteriorly 4 cm medial to the posterior axillary line, cranially up to serrated posterior superior caudally up to serratus posterior inferior. The advantages of RISS block are that the injection is far from the surgical site and hence the drug does not interfere with the surgical field or cautery if given preoperatively. After induction technically, it is more feasible than serratus plane block or pectoral blocks. Logistically prior catheterization is possible that does not interfere with the sterility of the surgical field. Despite the above advantages, the axillary coverage is inconsistent as it does not cover the intercostobrachial nerve (LCB of second ICN T2). The midline, thoracodorsal nerve, and long thoracic nerve are not covered. Complete analgesia is not provided for latissimus dorsi flap, segmental resection surgeries, lymph node dissections, or radical mastectomies. Dr. Tulgar, first-ever reported of the use of RIB in a patient of MRM and highlighted the superiority of peri-peri-paravertebral blocks apart from previously used ESP and paravertebral blocks for a similar condition. Altiparimak conducted an RCT on 30 MRM patients with axillary lymph node dissection. The patients had enhanced recovery and quality of life scores (QoR-40), especially in terms of pain and emotional status. RISS has proved its non-inferiority as compared to ESP, paravertebral, PEC, and SAP which are closer to neuroaxis, at non-compressible sites and difficult to execute in obese patients. Thus RISS is excellent as a part of MMA for post-operative pain management in MRM patients, who remain comfortable for up to 14 h and have an NRS score <3 was seen in all of our five patients. The dynamic nature of pain was apparent at 14 h in three of the patients who had extensive axillary lymph node dissection. Is the journey of regional anesthesia just the replacement of “pops and clicks” with see it and block it? The renaissance in the era of blocks is visualizing an invention of a new block almost every month. We depend on the facial plane anatomy, its structure, and its relation to the surrounding organs and tissues to precisely disseminate the local anesthetic to its desired location. In this blind sheep race, enthusiasm should not blur our understanding of the basics. We should remember Triple A, improve health, enhance patient outcomes, and decrease the costs. We open the doors for larger studies with more patients, comparing different blocks with RIB/RISS blocks before generalizing the results. CONCLUSIONRhomboid intercostal subserratus plane block is an excellent option for intra and post-operative pain management as a part of multimodal analgesia in MRM patients.

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Yssel, H., J. P. Aubry, R. de Waal Malefijt, J. E. de Vries et H. Spits. « Regulation by anti-CD2 monoclonal antibody of the activation of a human T cell clone induced by anti-CD3 or anti-T cell receptor antibodies. » Journal of Immunology 139, n^o 9 (1 novembre 1987) : 2850–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.139.9.2850.

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Abstract In this study the effect of anti-cluster designation (CD) 2 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) on the activation of a cloned human T cell line, HY837, after triggering the CD3/T cell receptor (TcR) complex by anti-CD3 or anti-TcR mAb is described. HY837, which reacts with a series of mAb directed at different epitopes on the TcR, could be induced to proliferation and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production by soluble mAb directed at the CD3/TcR complex in the absence of accessory cells. mAb directed at the CD2 epitope T11-1 were shown to block the IL-2 production by HY837, as well as the expression of the IL-2 receptor, induced by anti-CD3 mAb, resulting in the inhibition of the proliferative response. The effect of anti-CD2 mAb on the proliferative response of HY837, induced by anti-CD3 mAb, was not due to a competition for Fc binding sites. In contrast, the proliferative responses and IL-2 production of HY837, induced by mAb directed at the TcR, were shown to be enhanced by the action of the anti-CD2 mAb. These results indicate that effects mediated by anti-CD3/TcR mAb cannot always be extrapolated to antigen-mediated effects and show that anti-CD2 mAb may regulate the T cell response, induced by mAb directed at the CD3/TcR complex, depending on which part of this complex is triggered during activation.

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Sansinena, Marina J., John Lynn, Kenneth R. Bondioli, Richard S. Denniston et Robert A. Godke. « Ooplasm transfer and interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer : heteroplasmy, pattern of mitochondrial migration and effect on embryo development ». Zygote 19, n^o 2 (25 août 2010) : 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199410000419.

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SummaryAlthough interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) has potential applications in the conservation of exotic species, an in vitro developmental block has been observed in embryos produced by this approach. It has been suggested that mitochondrial mismatch between donor cell and recipient oocyte could cause embryonic developmental arrest. A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the effect of mixed mitochondrial populations (heteroplasmy) on early development of iSCNT-derived cloned embryos. The effect of combining the techniques of ooplasm transfer (OT) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) was examined by monitoring in vitro embryonic development; the presence and pattern of migration of foreign mitochondria after OT was analysed by MitoTracker staining. In addition, the effect of transferring caprine ooplasm (iOT) into the bovine enucleated oocytes used in iSCNT was analysed. There was no significant effect of the sequence of events (OT-SCNT or SCNT-OT) on the number of fused, cleaved, blastocyst or hatched blastocyst stage embryos. MitoTracker Green staining of donor oocytes used for OT confirmed the introduction of foreign mitochondria. The distribution pattern of transferred mitochondria most commonly remained in a distinct cluster after 12, 74 and 144 h of in vitro culture. When goat ooplasm was injected into bovine enucleated oocytes (iSCNT), there was a reduction (p < 0.05) in fusion (52 vs. 82%) and subsequent cleavage rates (55 vs. 78%). The procedure of iOT prior to iSCNT had no effect in overcoming the 8- to 16-cell in vitro developmental block, and only parthenogenetic cow and goat controls reached the blastocyst (36 and 32%) and hatched blastocyst (25 and 12%) stages, respectively. This study indicates that when foreign mitochondria are introduced at the time of OT, these organelles tend to remain as distinct clusters without relocation after a few mitotic divisions. Although the bovine cytoplast appears capable of supporting mitotic divisions after iOT-iSCNT, heteroplasmy or mitochondrial incompatibilities may affect nuclear-ooplasmic events occurring at the time of genomic activation.

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Dahham, Saad S., Yasser Tabana, Muhammad Asif, Marawan Ahmed, Dinesh Babu, Loiy E. Hassan, Mohamed B. Khadeer Ahamed et al. « β-Caryophyllene Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Angiogenesis in Colorectal Cancer Models ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n^o 19 (29 septembre 2021) : 10550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910550.

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Beta-Caryophyllene (BCP), a naturally occurring sesquiterpene abundantly found in cloves, hops, and cannabis, is the active candidate of a relatively new group of vascular-inhibiting compounds that aim to block existing tumor blood vessels. Previously, we have reported the anti-cancer properties of BCP by utilizing a series of in-vitro anti-tumor-related assays using human colorectal carcinoma cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of BCP on in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo models of anti-angiogenic assays and evaluate its anti-cancer activity in xenograft tumor (both ectopic and orthotopic) mice models of human colorectal cancer. Computational structural analysis and an apoptosis antibody array were also performed to understand the molecular players underlying this effect. BCP exhibited strong anti-angiogenic activity by blocking the migration of endothelial cells, tube-like network formation, suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion from human umbilical vein endothelial cells and sprouting of rat aorta microvessels. BCP has a probable binding at Site#0 on the surface of VEGFR2. Moreover, BCP significantly deformed the vascularization architecture compared to the negative control in a chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay. BCP showed a remarkable reduction in tumor size and fluorescence molecular tomography signal intensity in all the mice treated with BCP, in a dose-dependent relationship, in ectopic and orthotopic tumor xenograft models, respectively. The histological analysis of the tumor from BCP-treated mice revealed a clear reduction of the density of vascularization. In addition, BCP induced apoptosis through downregulation of HSP60, HTRA, survivin, and XIAP, along with the upregulation of p21 expressions. These results suggest that BCP acts at multiple stages of angiogenesis and could be used as a promising therapeutic candidate to halt the growth of colorectal tumor cells.

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Weinstein, A. M. « Ammonia transport in a mathematical model of rat proximal tubule ». American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 267, n^o 2 (1 août 1994) : F237—F248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1994.267.2.f237.

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Pathways for ammonia transport have been incorporated within a model of rat proximal tubule [A. M. Weinstein. Am. J. Physiol. 263 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 32): F784-F798, 1992]. The luminal membrane includes a Na+/NH4+ exchanger, while at the peritubular membrane there is uptake of NH4+ on the Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase); both luminal and peritubular cell membranes contain conductive pathways for NH4+. The model equations have been expanded to include cellular ammoniagenesis. The principal focus of this study is the interplay of forces that can raise proximal tubule fluid total ammonia concentration 10-fold higher than in arterial plasma. Analysis of a cellular model reveals that luminal membrane Na+/NH4+ exchange, cellular production of ammonia, and peritubular membrane NH4+ uptake (via Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase or via K+ channel) all act in parallel to drive ammonia secretion. This derives from the cellular interconversion of NH4+ and NH3 and the free permeation of NH3 across cell membranes. It implies that inhibition of the luminal membrane transporter does not block the contribution of peritubular uptake to the overall active transport of ammonia. Conversely, when inhibition of the luminal membrane Na+/NH4+ entry (i.e., Na+/H+ inhibition) depresses transcellular Na+ flux, then the decrease of NH4+ flux through the peritubular Na+ pump enhances the apparent importance of the luminal membrane pathway. This analysis is confirmed in the numerical calculations and is a departure from the Ussing paradigm of series membrane Na+ transport. Although active secretion of ammonia by this tubule is substantial, the relative contribution of luminal Na+/NH4+ exchange and of peritubular uptake via the Na+ pump remains uncertain. The determination of peritubular capillary NH4+ concentration will be crucial to resolving this uncertainty, with lower concentration (i.e., closer to systemic arterial ammonia) obligating greater luminal membrane Na+/NH4+ exchange.

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Reyes-Cedeño, Isaí Gerardo, Martín Hernández-Marín, Anuard Isaac Pacheco-Guerrero et John P. Gannon. « Comprehensive Methodology and Analysis to Determine the Environmental Flow Regime in the Temporary Stream “La Yerbabuena” in Aguascalientes, Mexico ». Water 15, n^o 5 (24 février 2023) : 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15050879.

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In this study, a comprehensive methodology was adapted to determine the environmental flow regime of “La Yerbabuena”, a temporary stream located in the Aguascalientes Valley, Mexico. The analysis was divided into four stages: the geomorphological watershed analysis, a hydrologic analysis, hydraulic modeling, and environmental analysis. The main geomorphological features of the study area were defined from maps in the spatial block, and with them, a synthetic series of daily and monthly discharge was determined and further used in the next stages. In the hydrological stage, the IHA (Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration) methodology and the procedures from the Mexican regulation, named NMX-159, were applied to the stream, and their results were comparatively analyzed. A similar interannual flow variation from both methodologies was found for wet and dry seasons, ranging from 0.010 to 0.108 m3/s. In the hydraulic modeling stage, a micro-basin part of the stream was modeled in the software HEC RAS, observing that the IHA methodology results had water levels that matched the baseflow of the stream, which allows understanding the hydraulic behavior of the water flow through the generation of different profiles in function of the rainy season. Finally, for the environmental stage, the hydrological health of the stream was evaluated using the software Flow Health, additionally observing that the IHA methodology was closer to the desired water level of the reference. This study demonstrates that the proposed methodology achieves the objectives defined by the NMX-159, which establishes a streamflow regime considering a natural interval of hydrologic variability in both ordinary and after-disturbance conditions. This application of the methodology for temporary streams provides an understanding of the hydrological behavior of the environmental flow throughout the year, and regarding the existing regulations, it presents a correlation with the obtained results, as well as greater precision in the dry season.

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Masalov, Aleksei E. « Dialogue between Language School and Metarealism : Sun by Michael Palmer and Oil by Aleksei Parshchikov ». Literature of the Americas, n^o 12 (2022) : 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2022-12-102-114.

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In this article the author analyzes the interaction and mutual influence of such ways of speaking, which we call Language Writing and metarealism, which he reveals on the example of the poems Sun (1987) by Michael Palmer and Oil (1999) by Aleksei Parshchikov. Palmer's poem is a decentralized statement in which syntactic interruptions, complex symbolism, and an abundance of references create an embodied heteroglossia. The catastrophe of the meaning and the assembly of voices here are somehow structured by the central symbol — the Sun — from the headline of The Sun newspaper of July 22, 1986 (“A headless man walks, lives / for four hours”) to the artificial light of consumption centers. And the semantics of dying, references to Baudelaire in the poem, as well as Palmer's separate “Baudelaire Series” somehow admit that one of the many overtones of Sun poem is “The Voyage”, the final text of Fleurs du mal. Marjorie Perloff points out the difference between the approaches of Palmer and Parshchikov in the article “Russian Postmodernism: An Oxymoron?”, where, comparing their texts, she writes that the approach of the second is closer to Arthur Rimbaud, not the split subject Language Poetry. However, the similarity and differences between the approaches of Palmer and Parshchikov are similar to the similarity and differences between Charles Baudelaire and Arthur Rimbaud, when both use the mythopoetics of swimming as death, but incomplete, or rather incompleting. But if the first include it in the context of criticism of commodity fetishism and the subversive power of allegory (according to Benjamin), then the second in the context of “clairvoyance” and observation of the “black and cold” waters of capitalistic Europe. So the poem Oil by Parshchikov is close to the poem Sun by Palmer both in the depiction of the world in a frozen catastrophe, in the collapse of the language, and in the political dimension. And as in the poem Sun through heteroglossia, the symbolism of the crisis meaning, a permanent apocalypse Palmer creates political criticism of the symbolic order of the consumption society, including intellectual commodity fetishism, as in the poem Oil with a multilayered image of raw materials, including as an ideological concept, Parshchikov opens up new ways for analytical political poetry.

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Suriadna, Nataliia, et Halyna Mykytynets. « Amphibians of the genus Rana in the steppe zone of Ukraine : population status, distribution, and ecological features ». GEO&BIO 2023, n^o 25 (30 décembre 2023) : 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.53452/gb2515.

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Frogs of the genus Rana Linnaeus, 1758 are represented in the steppe zone of Ukraine by their southernmost populations. The distribution of brown frogs in the steppe zone of Ukraine is closely related to the floodplain forests of major rivers (Dnipro, Dnister, Danube, Southern Bug, Oril, Samara, Donets, etc.). The paper presents for the first time data on the distribution, ecological and population features, habitats, specifics of reproduction and development of brown frogs. New habitats of R. arvalis were found in the floodplain habitats of the lower reaches of the Dnipro River in Kherson Oblast and populations were confirmed in Dnipropetrovsk and Kirovohrad oblasts. The southern border is intrazonal. The new southernmost localities are described from Kherson Oblast (the villages of Pravi Solontsi and Krynky). The habitats belong to forest type habitats (G). The mean abundance of frogs is 5–10 individuals per 1 km of route and can reach 50 individuals per 10 m2 during the spawning season (Black Forest Reserve, Kirovohrad Oblast). The breeding season is in late March to early April at air temperatures of +3–4 to 8–12°C and water temperatures of +7–9°C. The mating process is short. The Dnipro isolates of R. arvalis may be of relict nature, form a series of refugia and be of important historical and indicator value. Given the overall reduction in the range of R. arvalis within its core area, active populations in the south can be valuable reserves for the conservation of the species and the sustainability of steppe biodiversity. Two other species, R. temporaria and R. dalmatina, were not found and their habitat within the steppe zone has not yet been confirmed. As typical forest species, they are common closer to the forest-steppe zone. Given the current state of brown frog populations in the steppe zone of Ukraine, their low numbers and isolation, they need regional protection along with their habitats. The issue of determining the origin of the identified populations in order to form an idea of the historical and genetic value of the southernmost populations of brown frogs in Ukraine remains promising.

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Nabat, P., S. Somot, M. Mallet, I. Chiapello, J. J. Morcrette, F. Solmon, S. Szopa et F. Dulac. « A 4-D climatology (1979–2009) of the monthly aerosol optical depth distribution over the Mediterranean region from a comparative evaluation and blending of remote sensing and model products ». Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 5, n^o 6 (28 novembre 2012) : 8469–538. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-5-8469-2012.

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Abstract. Since the 1980s several spaceborne sensors have been used to retrieve the aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the Mediterranean region. In parallel, AOD climatologies coming from different numerical model simulations are now also available, permitting to distinguish the contribution of several aerosol types to the total AOD. In this work, we perform a comparative analysis of this unique multi-year database in terms of total AOD and of its apportionment by the five main aerosol types (soil dust, sea-salt, sulfate, black and organic carbon). We use 8 different satellite-derived monthly AOD products: NOAA/AVHRR, SeaWiFS, TERRA/MISR, TERRA/MODIS, AQUA/MODIS, ENVISAT/MERIS, PARASOL/POLDER and MSG/SEVIRI, as well as 3 more historical data sets: NIMBUS7/CZCS, NIMBUS7/TOMS and METEOSAT/MVIRI. Monthly model datasets include the aerosol climatology from Tegen et al. (1997), the climate-chemistry models LMDz-OR-INCA and RegCM-4, and the reanalyses GEMS and MACC. Ground-based Level-2 AERONET AOD observations from 47 stations around the basin are used here to evaluate the model and satellite data. The sensor MODIS (on AQUA and TERRA) has the best average AOD scores over this region, showing a relevant spatio-temporal variability and highlighting high dust loads over Northern Africa and the sea (spring and summer), and sulfate aerosols over continental Europe (summer). The comparison also shows limitations of certain data sets (especially MERIS and SeaWiFS standard products). Models reproduce the main patterns of the AOD variability over the basin. The MACC reanalysis is the closest to AERONET data but appears to underestimate dust over Northern Africa, where RegCM-4 is found closer to MODIS thanks to its interactive scheme for dust emissions. The vertical dimension is also investigated using the CALIOP instrument. This study confirms differences between dust aerosols which can be lifted up to 5000 m, and other continental and marine aerosols which are confined in the boundary layer. From this compilation, we propose a 4-D blended product from model and satellite data, consisting in monthly time series of 3-D aerosol distribution at a 50 km horizontal resolution over the Euro-Mediterranean marine and continental region for the 2003–2009 period. The product is based on the total AOD from AQUA/MODIS, apportioned into sulfates, black and organic carbon from the MACC reanalysis, and into dust and sea-salt aerosols from RegCM-4 simulations, which are distributed vertically based on CALIOP climatology. We extend the 2003–2009 reconstruction to the past up to 1979 using the 2003–2009 average and applying the decreasing trend in sulfate aerosols from the LMDz-OR-INCA model, based on the recent emission reconstruction proposed by Lamarque et al. (2010). Finally optical properties of the different aerosol types in this region are proposed from the literature so that this reconstruction can be included in regional climate models for aerosol radiative forcing and aerosol-climate studies.

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Nabat, P., S. Somot, M. Mallet, I. Chiapello, J. J. Morcrette, F. Solmon, S. Szopa et al. « A 4-D climatology (1979–2009) of the monthly tropospheric aerosol optical depth distribution over the Mediterranean region from a comparative evaluation and blending of remote sensing and model products ». Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6, n^o 5 (17 mai 2013) : 1287–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013.

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Abstract. Since the 1980s several spaceborne sensors have been used to retrieve the aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the Mediterranean region. In parallel, AOD climatologies coming from different numerical model simulations are now also available, permitting to distinguish the contribution of several aerosol types to the total AOD. In this work, we perform a comparative analysis of this unique multi-year database in terms of total AOD and of its apportionment by the five main aerosol types (soil dust, sea-salt, sulfate, black and organic carbon). We use 9 different satellite-derived monthly AOD products: NOAA/AVHRR, SeaWiFS (2 products), TERRA/MISR, TERRA/MODIS, AQUA/MODIS, ENVISAT/MERIS, PARASOL/POLDER and MSG/SEVIRI, as well as 3 more historical datasets: NIMBUS7/CZCS, TOMS (onboard NIMBUS7 and Earth-Probe) and METEOSAT/MVIRI. Monthly model datasets include the aerosol climatology from Tegen et al. (1997), the climate-chemistry models LMDz-OR-INCA and RegCM-4, the multi-model mean coming from the ACCMIP exercise, and the reanalyses GEMS and MACC. Ground-based Level-2 AERONET AOD observations from 47 stations around the basin are used here to evaluate the model and satellite data. The sensor MODIS (on AQUA and TERRA) has the best average AOD scores over this region, showing a relevant spatio-temporal variability and highlighting high dust loads over Northern Africa and the sea (spring and summer), and sulfate aerosols over continental Europe (summer). The comparison also shows limitations of certain datasets (especially MERIS and SeaWiFS standard products). Models reproduce the main patterns of the AOD variability over the basin. The MACC reanalysis is the closest to AERONET data, but appears to underestimate dust over Northern Africa, where RegCM-4 is found closer to MODIS thanks to its interactive scheme for dust emissions. The vertical dimension is also investigated using the CALIOP instrument. This study confirms differences of vertical distribution between dust aerosols showing a large vertical spread, and other continental and marine aerosols which are confined in the boundary layer. From this compilation, we propose a 4-D blended product from model and satellite data, consisting in monthly time series of 3-D aerosol distribution at a 50 km horizontal resolution over the Euro-Mediterranean marine and continental region for the 2003–2009 period. The product is based on the total AOD from AQUA/MODIS, apportioned into sulfates, black and organic carbon from the MACC reanalysis, and into dust and sea-salt aerosols from RegCM-4 simulations, which are distributed vertically based on CALIOP climatology. We extend the 2003–2009 reconstruction to the past up to 1979 using the 2003–2009 average and applying the decreasing trend in sulfate aerosols from LMDz-OR-INCA, whose AOD trends over Europe and the Mediterranean are median among the ACCMIP models. Finally optical properties of the different aerosol types in this region are proposed from Mie calculations so that this reconstruction can be included in regional climate models for aerosol radiative forcing and aerosol-climate studies.

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Blenau, Wolfgang, Anna-Sophie Bremer, Yannik Schwietz, Daniel Friedrich, Lapo Ragionieri, Reinhard Predel, Sabine Balfanz et Arnd Baumann. « PaOctβ2R : Identification and Functional Characterization of an Octopamine Receptor Activating Adenylyl Cyclase Activity in the American Cockroach Periplaneta americana ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n^o 3 (31 janvier 2022) : 1677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031677.

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Biogenic amines constitute an important group of neuroactive substances that control and modulate various neural circuits. These small organic compounds engage members of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily to evoke specific cellular responses. In addition to dopamine- and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptors, arthropods express receptors that are activated exclusively by tyramine and octopamine. These phenolamines functionally substitute the noradrenergic system of vertebrates Octopamine receptors that are the focus of this study are classified as either α- or β-adrenergic-like. Knowledge on these receptors is scarce for the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana). So far, only an α–adrenergic-like octopamine receptor that primarily causes Ca2+ release from intracellular stores has been studied from the cockroach (PaOctα1R). Here we succeeded in cloning a gene from cockroach brain tissue that encodes a β-adrenergic-like receptor and leads to cAMP production upon activation. Notably, the receptor is 100-fold more selective for octopamine than for tyramine. A series of synthetic antagonists selectively block receptor activity with epinastine being the most potent. Bioinformatics allowed us to identify a total of 19 receptor sequences that build the framework of the biogenic amine receptor clade in the American cockroach. Phylogenetic analyses using these sequences and receptor sequences from model organisms showed that the newly cloned gene is an β2-adrenergic-like octopamine receptor. The functional characterization of PaOctβ2R and the bioinformatics data uncovered that the monoaminergic receptor family in the hemimetabolic P. americana is similarly complex as in holometabolic model insects like Drosophila melanogaster and the honeybee, Apis mellifera. Thus, investigating these receptors in detail may contribute to a better understanding of monoaminergic signaling in insect behavior and physiology.

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Hodge, T. P., R. Cross et J. Kendrick-Jones. « Role of the COOH-terminal nonhelical tailpiece in the assembly of a vertebrate nonmuscle myosin rod. » Journal of Cell Biology 118, n^o 5 (1 septembre 1992) : 1085–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.118.5.1085.

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A short nonhelical sequence at the COOH-terminus of vertebrate nonmuscle myosin has been shown to enhance myosin filament assembly. We have analyzed the role of this sequence in chicken intestinal epithelial brush border myosin, using protein engineering/site-directed mutagenesis. Clones encoding the rod region of this myosin were isolated and sequenced. They were truncated at various restriction sites and expressed in Escherichia coli, yielding a series of mutant myosin rods with or without the COOH-terminal tailpiece and with serial deletions from their NH2-termini. Deletion of the 35 residue COOH-terminal nonhelical tailpiece was sufficient to increase the critical concentration for myosin rod assembly by 50-fold (at 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.5), whereas NH2-terminal deletions had only minor effects. The only exception was the longest NH2-terminal deletion, which reduced the rod to 119 amino acids and rendered it assembly incompetent. The COOH-terminal tailpiece could be reduced by 15 amino acids and it still efficiently promoted assembly. We also found that the tailpiece promoted assembly of both filaments and segments; assemblies which have different molecular overlaps. Rod fragments carrying the COOH-terminal tailpiece did not promote the assembly of COOH-terminally deleted material when the two were mixed together. The tailpiece sequence thus has profound effects on assembly, yet it is apparently unstructured and can be bisected without affecting its function. Taken together these observations suggest that the nonhelical tailpiece may act sterically to block an otherwise dominant but unproductive molecular interaction in the self assembly process and does not, as has been previously thought, bind to a specific target site(s) on a neighboring molecule.

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