Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Sentenze additive »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Sentenze additive"
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Tasca, Melinda, Ahram Cho, Cassia Spohn et Nancy Rodriguez. « The Role of Parental Status and Involvement in Sentence Length Decisions : A Comparison of Men and Women Sentenced to Prison ». Crime & ; Delinquency 65, no 14 (28 novembre 2018) : 1899–924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128718811929.
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Drawing upon familial paternalism theory, this study explores the effects of parental status and involvement on prison sentence length among men and women. To carry out this research, we relied on a combination of official and self-report data on 919 offenders sentenced to prison in Arizona. Results revealed that parents were not sentenced significantly differently from offenders without children; although women and mothers were punished more severely than their male counterparts. In addition, mothers who lived with their children before arrest received shorter prison terms than mothers who were uninvolved in their lives. Parental involvement was not a significant predictor of fathers’ prison sentences, however. This study illuminates the complex interplay between parenthood, gender, and sentencing.
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Setyono, Winkie, Donni Richasdy et Mahendra Dwifebri Purbolaksono. « POS Tagger Improvisation with the Addition of Foreign Word Labels on Telkom University News ». Building of Informatics, Technology and Science (BITS) 4, no 2 (22 septembre 2022) : 588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47065/bits.v4i2.1983.
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News is a medium of daily information usually obtained by the public. The news consists of a lot of information in it and is composed of sentence structures. Each language is unique with its own sentence structure, like Indonesian and other foreign languages. But nowadays, many media mix Indonesian with foreign languages, making the sentence structure different from Bahasa Indonesia. To classify these words, Part Of Speech Tagging needed to determine the class of words composed of sentences by learning from the Corpus of each language. With the new sentence structure, POS Tagger requires a larger Corpus to learn. The language structure can determine the results of tagging from the POS Tagger. If there are words that are not in the Corpus, it can reduce the accuracy of the POS Tagger. We conducted to enhance the research results by adding data with a different sentence structure from the Indonesian Language Corpus using sentences from online media. Added about 242 sentences with 7,043 tokens on Corpus focused on Foreign Word tags, which total 3819 tags. After doing some testing and scenarios, the results of the accuracy of POS Tagger show an accuracy of 94.7% using the Hidden Markov Model method with the F1-Score tag FW 78%.
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Sy, Evha Nazalatus Sa'adiyah, Devie Reztia A et Devie Reztia A. « A SYNTACTICAL ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SENTENCES IN KEMBHANG BABUR ». Premise : Journal of English Education 8, no 2 (20 octobre 2019) : 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/pj.v8i2.2112.
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Syntax is the study of the principles and processes by which sentence that it is constructed in particular language. Whereas that every language in the world certainly has different structure. This research aim to answer: (1) What are kinds of simple sentence found in Kembhang Babur books? (2) What are the differences between English and Madurese in simple sentences? This research is a descriptive qualitative research, descriptively describing the syntactic structures of simple sentences in Kembhang Babur book. The writer followed the rule of the qualitative which the data describe in words as the basis of interpreting data. Words are of utmost importance to qualitative researchers. There are three kinds of simple sentences found in Kembhang Babur book could be classified into: (a) Affirmative sentences, (b) Negative sentences (c) Interrogative sentences. The differences in English sentence is; if this affirmative sentence Aux there is after NP, but in the interrogative sentence Aux there is before NP and there is auxiliary “do/does” as interrogative verb. In Madurese sentence is marked by the addition of the word “apah” which is put before NP. “Apah” is as question word in Madurese, not as an auxiliary.
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Stepashin, V. M. « Addition of punishments ». Law Enforcement Review 6, no 3 (18 septembre 2022) : 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2022.6(3).186-198.
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Introduction. They complete and specify the rules for assigning the final penalty for both single crimes and for the totality of crimes and sentences of the prescriptions of Articles 71-72.1 of the Criminal Code, the content of the provisions of which is much broader than the names of the articles themselves. The logical sequence of the presentation of regulatory requirements in these articles is flawed.The method and the basic algorithm for determining the final penalty when adding punishments. The final punishment for two types of plurality - the totality of crimes and sentences – is determined by the rules of Articles 69-72 of the Criminal Code, which establishes: (a) a method for determining the final punishment (absorption, full or partial addition); (b) a basic algorithm for determining the final penalty when adding punishments imposed for individual crimes; (c) differentiated limits of the final punishment.Rules for adding punishments. Article 71 of the Criminal Code details the rules for adding individual punishments, different in appearance: (a) by transferring to a single more severe type of punishment; (b) by their independent execution (thereby - only a complete addition).The proportions by which the replacement is made are chosen arbitrarily, and in some cases, contrary to the intention of the legislator, it is even possible to mitigate the punishment instead of tightening it. There is an obvious need for scientific substantiation of such coefficients, taking into account, at least, the political and social significance of deprivation and restrictions that determine the qualitative indicator of the repressiveness of punishment, their consequences (primarily legal and economic) both for the convict himself and for society, which is the subject of independent research. The legislator has not strictly observed the principle of the arrangement of types of punishments depending on their severity and severity. The problem lies in the fact that all the rules for the application of punishment (sentencing, replacement of punishment with a stricter one, release from serving a sentence) proceed from the presumption of an indisputable and accurate classification of punishments according to their severity. The above fully applies to the provisions of Articles 69-72 of the Criminal Code. Part 2 of Article 71 excludes the first stage of the addition of individual punishments, different in type, namely their transfer (recalculation) to another type of punishment. In such cases, independent execution of the relevant measures is provided. The legislator has avoided developing a set of rules defining the independent execution of punishments imposed by the court without bringing them to a single form. In fact, Part 2 of Article 71 of the Criminal Code presents only some special cases of this type of addition of punishments, but even they suffer from incompleteness.Addition of punishments with their independent execution. It would be preferable to reflect in Part 2 of Article 72 of the Criminal Code all the existing rules for the addition of individual punishments involving the independent execution of the measures-components: (1) additional punishments of different types; (2) basic and additional punishments of different types; (3) basic and additional punishments of the same type; (4) real for the execution of punishment and suspended sentence; real for the execution of punishment and punishment, the execution of which is postponed; two or more sentences with a suspended sentence; sentences with a suspended sentence and with a suspended sentence; (5) basic or additional punishments of the same type, if the characteristics of the repressiveness of the penalties determined by the court are fundamentally different, in particular, the consequences of evasion from serving the sentence.Conclusions. The current rules for adding and determining the final terms (sizes) of punishment are desystematized, fragmentary and do not always correspond to the elementary canons of legislative technique, their very presentation in the Criminal Code is rather chaotic. They do not fully take into account the peculiarities of the construction of the punishment system and its shortcomings, general and special rules for the appointment of punishments and other measures of criminal responsibility.
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SEON, CHOONG-NYOUNG, HARKSOO KIM et JUNGYUN SEO. « TRANSLATION ASSISTANCE SYSTEM BASED ON SELECTIVE WEIGHTING AND CLUSTER-BASED SEARCHING METHODS ». International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 21, no 06 (décembre 2012) : 1250028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213012500285.
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Visiting a foreign country is now much easier than it was in the past. This has led to a consequent increase in the need for translation services during these visits. To satisfy this need, a reliable translation assistance system based on sentence retrieval techniques is proposed. When a user inputs a sentence in his/her native language, the proposed system retrieves sentences similar to the input sentence from a pre-constructed bilingual corpus and returns pairs of sentences in the native and foreign languages. To reduce the lexical disagreement problems that inevitably occur in this sentence retrieval application, the proposed system uses multi-level linguistic information (i.e., keywords, sentence types, and concepts) with different weights as indexing terms. In addition, the proposed system uses clustering information from sentences with similar meanings to smooth the retrieval target sentences. In an experiment, the proposed system outperformed traditional IR systems. Based on various experiments, it was found that multi-level information was effective at alleviating critical lexical disagreement problems in sentence retrieval. It was also found that the proposed system was suitable for sentence retrieval applications such as translation assistance systems.
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Atygaev, Bakyt Isaevich. « ОКУМУШТУУ М.МУРАТАЛИЕВ ЖАНА КЫРГЫЗ ТИЛ ИЛИМИНИН СИНТАКСИС МАСЕЛЕЛЕРИ ». Alatoo Academic Studies 8, no 6 (30 juin 2021) : 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2021.212.22.
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The problems of studying complex sentences, considered in the field of traditional syntax of Kyrgyz linguistics, are studied from different points of view and are not fully scientifically justified, which can be traced in general textbooks, scientific and theoretical works. Therefore, the relevance of the article is due to the need to study the issues of complex sentences in the framework of the syntax of the Kyrgyz language. In addition, some scientists note that the issue we are considering is still controversial among scientists. For example, the scientist M. V. Muratalieva, in her scientific work on “Complex Sentences in the Kyrgyz language”, published in the 1980s, identifies the main types of complex sentences and examines the differences between them. The paper describes the relationship between equal simple sentences that have independent semantic meanings as part of a compound sentence, and also considers the relationship between the main sentence and one or more subordinate clauses. The author sets the main goal of the study to study the possibility of using a simple sentence as part of a complex sentence separately, the presence of simple sentences in their structure and structure of features that distinguish them from complex sentences, and as a result, comes to the conclusion that it is unacceptable to separate individual parts of a complex sentence, thereby excluding the possibility of using and considering them outside of complex sentences. Thus, simple sentences in a compound sentence are closely interrelated with each other, forming a unity not only in semantic terms, but also in structural terms.
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Kim, Natalya, et Dilshoda Rakhmonova. « The Question of a Reasonable Sentence Statement in Communication ». International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 8, no 10 (2 octobre 2021) : 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i10.3070.
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In Korean, sentence syntax is an important subject of research. It is often noted that sentences, depending on the purpose of the statement, can be in a narrative, interrogative and motivating exclamation form. The Korean sentence is characterized by grammatical constructions. This article discusses constructs that convey a cause. In addition, one of the most striking features of the intonation of a complex sentence in Korean is the presence of sharp distinctive endings of sentences and grammatical structures that form different meanings.
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Muzakki, Kholid Akhmad, Ahmad Rizza Firdaus et Annisa’ Fatmayanti. « Tindak Tutur Tak Langsung Dalam Surat Al-Kahfi (Kajian Analisis Pragmatik) ». Nazhruna : Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 1, no 1 (16 août 2018) : 96–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v1i1.44.
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Sentences by mode can be divided into three: sentence (declarative), interrogative, and command (imperative) sentences. Conventionally, declarative sentences are used if the speaker wants to declare or convey information to his or her opponent. Interrogative sentence is the sentence used if the speaker wants to get the information, the reaction or the expected answer. As for the imperative sentence, is if the speaker wants to enjoin or forbid his opponent to do something. But in pragmatic studies, there are times when the sentence is used non-conventionally. Declarative sentences, in addition to functioning to deliver the news, also enabled to ask; interrogative sentences other than enabled to ask is also enabled for the request or command. Meanwhile, the command line can only be used conventionally, and can not be used non-conventionally. When all three sentences are conventionally functioned, the speech is called direct speech act, whereas when used in a non-conventional way, it is called indirect speech act. The use of sentences indirectly has a purpose, among others, in order to maintain politeness. A command that explanation by using the sentence news or sentence, will be felt by the opponent said lighter, even for the opponent said the command on him is not perceived as a command. In the Qur'an there are many unusually functional sentences, indicating that the Qur'an is a holy book that strongly upholds language-based pride. One of them is Surah Al-Kahfi. In the Surah Al-Kahfi, found some verses which are indirect speech. In Surah Al-Kahfi, the forms of indirect speech are as follows. First, Declarative texts mean imperative is found in verse 16, 45, 52, 60 and 78. Second, Interrogative texts mean imperative is found in verse 6, 9 and 50. Third, Interrogative texts mean declarative is found in verses 15, 37, 57, 68, 75, 102 and 103.
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Djatmika, Djatmika, Ahfi Hikmawati et Sumarlam Sumarlam. « Mental Intelligence and the Complexity of Sentence Structures in the Interaction between Teachers and Children with Autism ». IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics) 5, no 2 (19 mai 2021) : 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v5i2.641.
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This article discusses the relationship between the mental intelligence of children with autism and their capability in understanding the complexity of sentence structure represented in utterances performed by their teachers. In addition, this study also explains the complexity of the sentence structure produced by the autistic children in interacting with the teachers. The data of this research are in the form of sentence structures used in the class interaction between teachers and students with autism. The collected data were then analyzed by classifying the sentences used by the teachers and the sentences produced by children with autism. The results showed that children with high mental intelligence were able to understand the complex sentence structures used by the teachers and were able to respond and speak utterances in the form of complex sentences. This shows that children with high mental intelligence understand and can produce sentences in a complex structure better than those with a low mental one.
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Hunter, Cynthia R. « Dual-Task Accuracy and Response Time Index Effects of Spoken Sentence Predictability and Cognitive Load on Listening Effort ». Trends in Hearing 25 (janvier 2021) : 233121652110180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23312165211018092.
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A sequential dual-task design was used to assess the impacts of spoken sentence context and cognitive load on listening effort. Young adults with normal hearing listened to sentences masked by multitalker babble in which sentence-final words were either predictable or unpredictable. Each trial began with visual presentation of a short (low-load) or long (high-load) sequence of to-be-remembered digits. Words were identified more quickly and accurately in predictable than unpredictable sentence contexts. In addition, digits were recalled more quickly and accurately on trials on which the sentence was predictable, indicating reduced listening effort for predictable compared to unpredictable sentences. For word and digit recall response time but not for digit recall accuracy, the effect of predictability remained significant after exclusion of trials with incorrect word responses and was thus independent of speech intelligibility. In addition, under high cognitive load, words were identified more slowly and digits were recalled more slowly and less accurately than under low load. Participants’ working memory and vocabulary were not correlated with the sentence context benefit in either word recognition or digit recall. Results indicate that listening effort is reduced when sentences are predictable and that cognitive load affects the processing of spoken words in sentence contexts.
Thèses sur le sujet "Sentenze additive"
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BIELLA, DANIELA. « Manipolazione e interpretazione della Corte costituzionale in due settori emblematici del diritto penale : la giustizia minorile e la giustizia militare ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/44435.
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La Corte costituzionale, sin dall’inizio della sua attività, ha ricoperto un ruolo molto significativo nei confronti del diritto penale. Principi fondamentali, quali quelli di legalità e di colpevolezza, attraverso l’apporto della giurisprudenza costituzionale, hanno acquisito nuovi contenuti, e lo stesso sistema sanzionatorio è stato sotto più profili coinvolto nell’opera di riconduzione della legislazione penale ai principi sanciti dalla Costituzione.
La prospettiva che si intende adottare per l’analisi delle più importanti pronunce costituzionali è quella delle tecniche decisorie di cui il Giudice delle leggi si è servito, in oltre cinquant’anni, per svolgere il proprio controllo di legittimità sulle norme penali indiziate di porsi in contrasto con il sistema dei principi e delle regole contenute nella nostra Carta fondamentale.
Anche nella materia penale, lo strumentario a disposizione dei giudici delle leggi si presenta quanto mai eterogeneo ed articolato, e le controverse formule espressive per contrassegnare le diverse decisioni della Consulta ne sono una prova. Le molteplici tipologie di pronunce elaborate dalla giurisprudenza costituzionale sono da anni oggetto di un’attenta analisi da parte della dottrina soprattutto costituzionalistica, da sempre alla ricerca di una (almeno percentualmente elevata) regolarità nelle scelte del tipo di pronuncia adottato dalla Consulta, sul presupposto che la individuazione di tipologie attraverso il consueto metodo della astrazione generalizzante possa assumere una vincolatività dogmatica.
Ai nostri fini la ricerca ha lo scopo di individuare le tecniche maggiormente impiegate dalla Consulta, quando oggetto del suo sindacato sono le norme penali e in particolare quelle relative alla giustizia penale minorile e militare, settori particolarmente emblematici del ruolo di adeguamento ai principi costituzionali svolto dalla Corte costituzionale.
La nostra attenzione riguarderà dunque quelle sentenze che, entrando nel merito della questione di costituzionalità di una norma, non si sono limitate a dichiararla infondata o ad accoglierla, ma si sono spinte sino al punto di dare della norma una interpretazione diversa da quella fatta propria dal giudice a quo, o sono intervenute direttamente sulla disposizione manipolandone, sempre in via interpretativa, il contenuto. Di qui i problemi circa l’ammissibilità di queste “invasioni” da parte della Corte costituzionale; “invasioni” che nella materia penale destano maggiori dubbi rispetto agli altri settori dell’ordinamento.
Sarà altrettanto interessante approfondire quelle pronunce di natura processuale, di (manifesta) inammissibilità o infondatezza, che, pur non entrando nel merito dell’eccezione di legittimità costituzionale, aprono o, meglio, tentano di aprire, a seconda dei casi, un dialogo con i giudici comuni o con il legislatore.
Proprio i rapporti del Giudice delle leggi con il potere giudiziario e con il potere legislativo saranno oggetto di alcune, seppur brevi, considerazioni. Da un lato, infatti, non si possono trascurare gli effetti delle pronunce costituzionali sull’operato della magistratura ordinaria, soprattutto laddove la Corte costituzionale li induce a dare, da soli, interpretazioni conformi a Costituzione. Dall’altro, non può negarsi importanza a tutti quei moniti, troppo spesso trascurati (o ignorati?), rivolti direttamente al legislatore perché metta mano a riforme più o meno sistematiche del diritto penale.
L’analisi preliminare dei diversi strumenti adottati dalla Consulta, con il conseguente richiamo delle più rilevanti pronunce intervenute sul nostro codice penale, consente poi di approfondire il ruolo della giurisprudenza costituzionale nei due ambiti del diritto penale al centro della presente indagine: quello della giustizia minorile e quello della giustizia militare. La scelta di indagare il ruolo delle sentenze della Corte costituzionale in questi due settori nasce anzitutto dal notevole interesse che la Corte ha ad essi riservato. Nei riguardi del sistema penale minorile, come si vedrà, la Consulta è spesso intervenuta per supplire all’inerzia del legislatore ordinario che, nonostante i continui solleciti, non si è mai occupato di predisporre per il minore autore di reato una normativa organica e profondamente differenziata rispetto a quella prevista per l’adulto. Sul diritto penale militare, invece, l’opera della Corte si è rivelata pressoché l’esatto contrario: è infatti intervenuta su un ordinamento autonomo per denunciarne l’obsolescenza e per ricondurlo ai principi propri del diritto penale – per così dire – “comune”.
In entrambi i settori, la maggior parte delle sentenze manipolative che vanno ad incidere direttamente sul testo legislativo, e che per questo segnano indelebilmente il sistema normativo, concernono la previsione delle sanzioni penali e la loro esecuzione. Come si avrà modo di precisare, i parametri alla luce dei quali il Giudice delle leggi interviene su queste materie, talvolta sino al punto di sostituire la cornice edittale stabilita dal legislatore, sono soprattutto il principio di eguaglianza di cui all’art. 3 Cost. ed il principio di rieducazione della pena di cui all’art. 27, comma 3, Cost.
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Karvovskaya, Lena. « ‘Also’ in Ishkashimi : additive particle and sentence connector ». Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6609/.
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The paper discusses the distribution and meaning of the additive particle -m@s in Ishkashimi. -m@s receives different semantic associations while staying in the same syntactic position. Thus, structurally combined with an object, it can semantically associate with the focused object or with the whole focused VP; similarly, combined with the subject it can semantically associate with the focused subject and with the whole focused sentence.
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Taschetto, Fernando Maicon Prado. « As sentenças aditivas e as sentenças substitutivas da Corte Constitucional italiana e a jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileiro ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/127883.
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O presente trabalho tratou das sentenças aditivas e das sentenças substitutivas no Direito italiano e no Direito brasileiro (mais especificamente, na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal). Tais técnicas alternativas (ou “atípicas”) de decisão no controle de constitucionalidade foram criadas pela Corte Constitucional na Itália e, com o tempo, passaram a ser utilizadas por outros tribunais ao redor do mundo, inclusive – conforme a doutrina mencionada no trabalho – pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal no Brasil. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar como tais modelos (ou tipos) decisórios são utilizados pela Corte Constitucional na Itália e como foram “importados” para o Brasil pela jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal. Inicialmente, estudou- se, de modo detalhado, o controle de constitucionalidade na Itália, que é exercido pela Corte Constitucional por via incidental (ou por via de exceção) ou por via principal (ou por via de ação). Em seguida, abordou-se o “arsenal” de modelos (ou tipos) decisórios da Corte Constitucional no controle de constitucionalidade, do qual fazem parte as sentenças aditivas e as sentenças substitutivas. Por fim, examinaram- se algumas decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal que – de acordo com a doutrina mencionada no trabalho – são tidas como exemplo de sentenças aditivas e de sentenças substitutivas. Verificou-se que o Supremo Tribunal Federal não utiliza as fórmulas que, na Itália, são encontradas no dispositivo das sentenças aditivas e das sentenças substitutivas da Corte Constitucional nem admite expressamente – no dispositivo das decisões – que emprega sentenças aditivas e sentenças substitutivas, o que pode indicar que tais modelos (ou tipos) decisórios não precisam ser “importados” para o Brasil. Constatou-se, ainda, que as referências às sentenças aditivas, do modo como são feitas pelos Ministros nas decisões do Tribunal, representam grave violação à ideia de segurança jurídica, que está contida no princípio do Estado de Direito, e vulneram, pois, a própria Constituição.The present essay adressed the additive sentences and the substitutive sentences in Italian Law and in Brazilian Law (more especifically, in the Federal Supreme Court jurisprudence). Such alternative (or “atypical”) techniques of decision in judicial review were created by the Constitucional Court in Italy and, with time, started being used by other courts around the world, including – according to the doctrine mentioned in this essay – the Federal Supreme Court in Brazil. The goal of this essay was to analise how these decision models (or types) are used by the Federal Supreme Court. Initially, the judicial review in Italy, which is exercised by the Constitutional Court by incidental via (or exceptional via) or by mainly via (or through action), was studied, in detail. Then, the “arsenal” of models (or types) of decision of the Constitutional Court in judicial review, which comprises the additive sentences and the substitutive sentences, was approached. Lastly, some decisions of the Federal Supreme Court that – according to the doctrine mentioned in this essay – are considered as example of additive sentences and of substitutive sentences were examined. It was found that the Federal Supreme Court does not use the formulas that, in Italy, are found in the device of the additive sentences and of the substitutive sentences of the Constitutional Court, nor expressly acknowledges – in the device of decisions – that employs additive sentences and substitutive sentences, which may indicate that such models (or types) of decision-making do not need to be “imported” to Brazil. It was also found that the references to the additive sentences, the way they are made by Justices in the Court’s decisions, represent a serious violation of legal certainty idea, which is contained in the Rule of Law principle, and undermines, therefore, the Constitution itself.
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Zaranza, Filho Jos ? Evandro Lacerda. « A concretiza??o do princ?pio da igualdade em mat?ria tribut?ria por meio de senten?as aditivas ». Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13908.
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This work aims to study the additive decisions, a type of juridical interpretation developed in foreign legal systems and which are known in Italy as adittive sentences. Thefore, this dissertation is based on theorical studies developed around the subject in Italy and Brazil. Considering the fact that the fundamental rights face a problem of implementation, being decreased its normative force when there are legislative partial omissions lacking constitutional justification creating privileges to certain individuals or social/economical groups over others, the method of additive interpretation according to the Constitution can be used in order to realize the principle of equality. In tax matters the subject is even more relevant in the way that it represents an important role in the economy. Partial legislative omissions can generate inequalities, favoring certain taxpayers in relation to others in similar legal situation. In these cases the privilege may have a negative impact on economic order restricting values related to the basis of market competition. On those occasions, Brazilian Judges and Courts must exercise their constitutional jurisdiction in order to expand the effects of the legislative omissions, based on the principle of equality by extending the standard to equal tax situations in order to maintain neutrality in taxation
A presente disserta??o tem como objeto o estudo das decis?es aditivas, esp?cies de decis?es interpretativas desenvolvidas no controle de constitucionalidade de sistemas jur?dicos estrangeiros e que na It?lia recebe a denomina??o de senten?as aditivas. Portanto, a presente disserta??o tem como pressupostos te?ricos, os estudos desenvolvidos em torno do tema na It?lia e no Brasil. Dada a constata??o que os direitos fundamentais sofrem quanto a sua concretiza??o, tendo sua for?a normativa diminu?da quando se observa a exist?ncia de omiss?es legislativas parciais desprovidas de justificativa constitucional, na medida em que criam-se privil?gios a determinadas pessoas ou grupos de pessoas em detrimento de outras, busca-se com as decis?es aditivas por meio do m?todo de interpreta??o conforme a Constitui??o, suprir a omiss?o legislativa parcial estendendo os efeitos da norma jur?dica ?queles que n?o foram contemplados, concretizando o princ?pio da igualdade. Em mat?ria tributaria o tema ganha relev?ncia na medida em que o tributo desempenha papel importante na economia. Omiss?es legislativas parciais podem gerar regimes jur?dicos tribut?rios privilegiando determinados contribuintes em rela??o a outros em situa??o jur?dica similar. Nestas hip?teses o privil?gio pode gerar impacto negativo na ordem econ?mica restringindo ? livre concorr?ncia e ? livre iniciativa. Nessas oportunidades, o Poder Judici?rio brasileiro deve exercer a jurisdi??o constitucional e garantir a for?a normativa da Constitui??o, atribuindo efeito positivo ao Princ?pio da Igualdade, estendendo a norma tribut?ria aos casos, situa??es ou pessoas n?o expressamente previstos de modo a manter a neutralidade na tributa??o
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Júnior, Antônio Veloso Peleja. « As sentenças aditivas na jurisdição constitucional ». Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6508.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Como o título deixa ver, o trabalho tem como objeto as sentenças aditivas, alvos de uma análise crítica, à luz de pressupostos filosóficos, sociais, políticos e jurídicos. Para isso, fez-se uma visitação à doutrina, nacional e estrangeira, em torno do tema, além de proceder à coleta posicionamentos, emanados das cortes supremas de alguns países expoentes, acerca da matéria em foco. O Supremo Tribunal Federal não poderia ficar como não ficou fora desse universo de pesquisa. O primeiro capítulo trata dos tópicos relativos ao Estado e à Jurisdição, contemplando as relações entre eles para focalizar, com propriedade, a Jurisdição Constitucional. O segundo capítulo traz à discussão a criação judicial do direito e o ativismo judicial, temas correlatos e imprescindíveis ao estudo proposto, porque a sentença aditiva tem, entranhada, uma dose de ativismo judicial. Tem-se, pois, que o criacionismo judicial insere-se nesse contexto e, por isso, carece de uma abordagem descritiva e crítica. O terceiro capítulo versa sobre as cortes constitucionais e o Supremo Tribunal Federal, móveis principais das sentenças aditivas, e que devem ser bem conhecidos para facilitar a digressão do tema-base. O quarto capítulo aborda as decisões no controle de constitucionalidade das normas e seus efeitos, de fundamental importância porque se conectam diretamente com as aditivas. Finalmente, a quinta parte centra-se, no núcleo do tema-objeto da dissertação, contemplando minudências referentes ao assunto, bastante conflituoso ressalte-se , no limite que separa as atribuições de dois Poderes do Estado, o Judiciário e o Legislativo.As it seen in the title, the objects of this study are the additive sentences, targets of a critical analysis in the light of philosophical, social, political and legal assumptions. For this, the observation of a national and international doctrine was required, on the theme, besides collecting the positions coming from the Supreme Courts of some exponent countries, on the matter in question. The Supreme Court could not be and it was not out of this research universe. The first chapter deals with topics relating to State and Jurisdiction, contemplating the relationships between them to focus the Constitutional Jurisdiction appropriately. The second chapter brings the judicial creation of law and judicial activism to discussion, themes which are related and essential to the proposed study, since the additive sentence has ingrained a kind of judicial activism. Thus, judicial creationism is inserted in this context and, therefore, it lacks a descriptive and critical approach. The third chapter deals with the constitutional courts and the Supreme Court, main pieces of the additive sentences, which have to be well-known to facilitate the digression of the main theme. The fourth chapter deals with the decisions on the control of constitutionality of the rules and their effects, having fundamental importance because they are directly connected to the additives. Finally, the fifth part focuses on the core subject-matter of the dissertation, contemplating minutiae pertaining to the quite controversial subject - it is worth mentioning in the limits separating the tasks of two State Powers, the Judiciary and the Legislative.
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Carey, Deborah Ann. « Number sentences linking addition and subtraction word problems and symbols / ». 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/21092574.html.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1989.Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 149-157).
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Bebout, Harriett Cope. « Teaching children to symbolically represent addition and subtraction verbal problems with number sentences that represent problem structure ». 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/14073652.html.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1986.Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-121).
Livres sur le sujet "Sentenze additive"
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Pinkster, Harm. The Oxford Latin Syntax. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199230563.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Volume II of the Oxford Latin Syntax deals with the syntax and pragmatics of complex sentences in Latin and other topics that transcend the simple clause (which is the content of Volume I). The volume starts with a chapter on subordination in general, followed by chapters on subordinate clauses that function as argument or as satellite in their sentence. Separate chapters are devoted to subordinate clauses governed by nouns and adjectives and to relative clauses. In addition there are chapters on coordination, comparison, secondary predicates, information structure of clauses and sentences including the use of emphatic particles, word order, and various discourse phenomena such as sentence connection. As in Volume I, the description of the Latin material is based upon texts from roughly 200 BC to AD 450. The Latin texts that are discussed are provided with an English translation. Supplements contain further examples to illustrate the main text. The grammatical framework used is mainly that of Functional Grammar but the description is accessible for readers without a modern linguistic background.
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Albonetti, Celesta A. Sentencing of White-Collar Offenders in U.S. Federal Courts. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935383.013.52.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper begins by discussing variables influencing sentence severity imposed in white-collar cases in federal courts. Sentence outcomes imposed under indeterminate, presumptive, and advisory federal sentencing policies are discussed in terms of the effect of defendant characteristics, legally relevant case characteristics, and process-related variables on the probability of imprisonment, length of imprisonment, and probability of receiving a suspended sentence. Federal sentencing guidelines legalities are presented, with attention to white-collar crimes of larceny, embezzlement, counterfeiting, fraud and deceit, and forgery. Attention shifts to legal issues relevant to the adjudication and sentencing of white-collar offenders. The blurring of criminal and civil law in statutory law governing criminal prosecution and sentencing of white-collar offenders is dicussed. In addition, attention is given to both the offense-specific features of the federal sentencing guidelines, to mechanisms of discretion, and guideline departures, as they apply to sentencing in economic crimes.
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Fuß, Eric. Introduction to Part III. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813545.003.0011.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter provides an overview of Part III, which deals with various aspects pertaining to the right sentence periphery in historical stages of German. It outlines a set of issues that figure prominently in relevant current research, including the theoretical analysis of linguistic variation, the impact of information structure on word order (OV versus VO, in particular), and the historical development of verb clusters. In addition, the chapter includes brief summaries of the individual contributions, which focus on word order variation in the lower/right-most part of the middle field (and the post field), and properties of the so-called verbal complex located in the right sentence bracket.
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Murray, Sarah E. The Semantics of Evidentials. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199681570.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This book gives a compositional, truth‐conditional, crosslinguistic semantics for evidentials set in a theory of the semantics for sentential mood. Central to this semantics is a proposal about a distinction between what propositional content is at‐issue, roughly primary or proffered, and what content is not‐at‐issue. Evidentials contribute not‐at‐issue content, more specifically what I will call a not‐at‐issue restriction. In addition, evidentials can affect the level of commitment a sentence makes to the main proposition, contributed by sentential mood. Building on recent work in the formal semantics of evidentials and related phenomena, the proposed semantics does not appeal to separate dimensions of illocutionary meaning. Instead, I argue that all sentences make three contributions: at‐issue content, not‐at‐issue content, and an illocutionary relation. At‐issue content is presented, made available for subsequent anaphora, but is not directly added to the common ground. Not‐at‐issue content directly updates the common ground. The illocutionary relation uses the at‐issue content to impose structure on the common ground, which, depending on the clause type (e.g., declarative, interrogative), can trigger further updates. Empirical support for this proposal comes from Cheyenne (Algonquian, primary data from the author’s fieldwork), English, and a wide variety of languages that have been discussed in the literature on evidentials.
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Murray, Sarah E. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199681570.003.0006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Chapter 6 is the conclusion. It gives a summary of the analysis and the empirical coverage, but also discusses extensions of the proposed analysis. The proposed semantics for all sentence types is quite general, though designed for a compositional semantics for evidentials and mood. Many other phenomena may be seen as contributing similar kinds ofmeaning, including appositives, non‐restrictive relative clauses, and (slifting) parentheticals, in addition to other expressions of evidentiality.
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Azzouni, Jody. Transcendence and Immanence. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190622558.003.0001.
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Current metaphysical debates (between, e.g., Hirsch, Sider, Hawthorne, and others) are historically centered in an earlier debate between Carnap and Quine. This was a debate over whether formal languages can function as replacements for natural language or whether instead they offer techniques that can be used to modify natural languages. This debate continues to be relevant to contemporary debates between Hirsch and his opponents. Hirsch presupposes the natural-language-centered Quinean position; many of his opponents take Ontologese to be a cogent alternative for metaphysical discourse. In addition, it’s shown that Hirsch’s attempts to demarcate substantial from purely verbal debates derail because of the technical failure to show that finitely specified sentence-to-sentence mappings between disputant claims are available. It’s shown further that quantifier-variant views make no sense of ontological debate. Participants in ontological debate need to share an existence concept if they are to argue successfully with one another.
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Press, Wildflower. Handwriting : Printing Vintage Inspired Farm Addition Grades P-K-1 : Upper, Lowercase, Words and Sentences. Includes Coloring Page with Each Letter. Independently Published, 2019.
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School Zone - Second Grade Scholar Workbook - 32 Pages, Ages 6+, 2nd Grade, Telling Time, Sentence Structure, Parts of Speech, Addition, Subtraction, Fractions, and More. School Zone Publishing, 2013.
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Jackendoff, Ray. Representations and Rules in Language. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199367511.003.0007.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In both traditional grammar and cognitive science, the standard view of language distinguishes sharply between words (lexicon) and rules (grammar). Here I undermine this distinction, presenting a continuum of phenomena that lie between undisputed words like cat and undisputed “rules” such as the pattern for transitive verb phrases. Mainstream linguistics makes a further distinction between productive rules “in the grammar,” such as the regular English past tense, and partially productive rules “in the lexicon,” such as forming a noun like construction by affixing –tion to a verb. I show that this distinction too has been misconceived: productive rules have all the properties of partially productive rules, but have in addition “gone viral.” These phenomena argue that rules of grammar are declarative schemas for licensing well-formed sentences, rather than either procedures for assembling sentences, as in mainstream generative grammar, or simple association and analogy, as in connectionist and exemplar-based approaches.
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Demleitner, Nora V. Collateral Sanctions and American Exceptionalism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190203542.003.0012.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter presents a comparative analysis of collateral sanctions, which encompass a broad array of restrictions that befall offenders in addition to their sentence during the time they are under a criminal justice sanction and often well beyond. Differences between European countries and the United States with respect to the imposition, the number, the types, and the length of collateral sanctions reflect strikingly dissimilar philosophies about how to treat those with a criminal record. The European model prioritizes reintegration and rehabilitation while the United States continues to exclude and penalize those who ran afoul of the law. On both sides of the Atlantic, however, offenders considered at a high risk of reoffending have increasingly been subjected to collateral sanctions.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Sentenze additive"
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Wang, Yuxin, Linsen Song, Wayne Wu, Chen Qian, Ran He et Chen Change Loy. « Talking Faces : Audio-to-Video Face Generation ». Dans Handbook of Digital Face Manipulation and Detection, 163–88. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87664-7_8.
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AbstractTalking face generation aims at synthesizing coherent and realistic face sequences given an input speech. The task enjoys a wide spectrum of downstream applications, such as teleconferencing, movie dubbing, and virtual assistant. The emergence of deep learning and cross-modality research has led to many interesting works that address talking face generation. Despite great research efforts in talking face generation, the problem remains challenging due to the need for fine-grained control of face components and the generalization to arbitrary sentences. In this chapter, we first discuss the definition and underlying challenges of the problem. Then, we present an overview of recent progress in talking face generation. In addition, we introduce some widely used datasets and performance metrics. Finally, we discuss open questions, potential future directions, and ethical considerations in this task.
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Alrabbaa, Christian, Franz Baader, Stefan Borgwardt, Patrick Koopmann et Alisa Kovtunova. « Finding Good Proofs for Description Logic Entailments using Recursive Quality Measures ». Dans Automated Deduction – CADE 28, 291–308. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79876-5_17.
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AbstractLogic-based approaches to AI have the advantage that their behavior can in principle be explained to a user. If, for instance, a Description Logic reasoner derives a consequence that triggers some action of the overall system, then one can explain such an entailment by presenting a proof of the consequence in an appropriate calculus. How comprehensible such a proof is depends not only on the employed calculus, but also on the properties of the particular proof, such as its overall size, its depth, the complexity of the employed sentences and proof steps, etc. For this reason, we want to determine the complexity of generating proofs that are below a certain threshold w.r.t. a given measure of proof quality. Rather than investigating this problem for a fixed proof calculus and a fixed measure, we aim for general results that hold for wide classes of calculi and measures. In previous work, we first restricted the attention to a setting where proof size is used to measure the quality of a proof. We then extended the approach to a more general setting, but important measures such as proof depth were not covered. In the present paper, we provide results for a class of measures called recursive, which yields lower complexities and also encompasses proof depth. In addition, we close some gaps left open in our previous work, thus providing a comprehensive picture of the complexity landscape.
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Albertson, Brendon. « TextMix : using NLP and APIs to generate chunked sentence scramble tasks ». Dans CALL and professionalisation : short papers from EUROCALL 2021, 6–11. Research-publishing.net, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2021.54.1300.
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A Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) application, TextMix, was developed as a proof-of-concept for applying Natural Language Processing (NLP) sentence chunking techniques to creating ‘sentence scramble’ learning tasks. TextMix addresses limitations of existing applications for creating sentence scrambles by using NLP to parse and scramble syntactic components of sentences, while connecting with Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to provide repeated exposure to authentic sentences in the context of texts such as Wikipedia articles. In addition to identifying a novel application of NLP and APIs in CALL, this project highlights the need for teacher-friendly interfaces that prioritize pedagogically useful ways of chunking text.
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Pinkster, Harm. « Relative clauses ». Dans The Oxford Latin Syntax, 471–582. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199230563.003.0018.
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Chapter 18 deals with relative clauses, of which two types are distinguished: adnominal relative clauses, which modify an antecedent (a head-noun), and autonomous relative clauses, without an antecedent. Adnominal relative clauses can be restrictive or non-rectrictive. Autonomous relative clauses can fulfil various syntactic functions within their sentence and can be modified by determiners (especially is) and quantifiers. In addition, the connecting relative can be used to connect sentences.
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Fairfax-Columbo, Jaymes, Bronwyn Neeser, Alexandra Kudatzky et David DeMatteo. « Of Capital Importance ». Dans The Oxford Handbook of Psychology and Law, 186—C11P82. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197649138.013.11.
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Abstract Capital sentencing is the legal process by which homicide offenders are determined to be deserving either of a sentence of life imprisonment or a sentence of death. Due to the severe and irrevocable liberty deprivation that a death sentence represents, the US Supreme Court has gone to great lengths to ensure that death sentences are not levied in arbitrary and capricious fashion. In addition, they have restricted the classes of individuals the death penalty can apply to. This chapter reviews key Supreme Court case law pertaining to capital sentencing as well as highlights several vital factors for forensic mental health professionals to consider in conducting evaluations in accordance with the trial phase of capital sentencing proceedings. Said factors include assessment of mitigating factors for sentencing, assessment of intellectual disability in Atkins evaluations, and assessment of future dangerousness.
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Ludovic, Hennebel, et Tigroudja Hélène. « Part II Means of Protection, Ch.VIII Inter-American Court of Human Rights, s.2 Jurisdiction and Functions, Article 63-2 ». Dans The American Convention on Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0063.
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This chapter investigates Article 63-2 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR). Article 63-2 of the ACHR organizes a special incidental procedure before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. It recognizes the Inter-American Tribunal's competence to order provisional measures under certain conditions. In addition to the claims on the violation of the ACHR lodged under Articles 44 (individual petition), or 45 (inter-State communication), the petitioner may bring an incidental request to the Court. Its purpose is to obtain from the respondent State the adoption of a certain type of conduct, pending the decision on the merits of the case. Article 63-2 is divided into two sentences which refer to two distinct procedural moments. The first sentence refers to the Court's jurisdiction to order interim measures in the event of a petition brought before it. The second sentence of Article 63-2 concerns cases for which “it has not yet been seized” and which are therefore being examined by the Commission.
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Connolly, Andrew C., Jerry A. Fodor, Lila R. Gleitman et Henry Gleitman. « Why Stereotypes Don’t Even Make Good Defaults ». Dans Sentence First, Arguments Afterward, 713–35. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199828098.003.0020.
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Many concepts have stereotypes. This leaves open the question of whether concepts are stereotypes. It has been argued elsewhere that theories that identify concepts with their stereotypes or with stereotypical instances of their instances fail to provide an adequate account of the compositionality of concepts. This paper extends that argument and reports and experiment suggesting that participants do not assume, even as a default strategy, that complex concepts inherit the stereotypes of their constituents. Thus, propositions such as “baby ducks have webbed feet” were judged to be less likely to be true than propositions like “ducks have webbed feet”. Moreover, manipulation of the type and number of noun phrase modifiers revealed a systematic departure from the unmodified noun’s stereotype both with the addition of stereotypical modifiers (“quacking ducks”) and with the addition of a second modifier (“baby Peruvian ducks”). Thus in the general case the stereotypical properties of a head noun are systematically discounted when that head noun combines with modifiers. This effect represents a general principle of compositional combination that argues against the inheritance of stereotypical features of concepts as a default strategy. Instead, we advocate a model of conceptual combination where concepts remain inert under combination, supported by a separate machinery that introduces pragmatic and world-dependent inferences.
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Metslang, Helle. « North and Standard Estonian ». Dans The Oxford Guide to the Uralic Languages, 350–66. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767664.003.0020.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Estonian belongs to the southern branch of the Finnic languages. Standard Estonian, now the sole official state language of Estonia, was developed mainly on the basis of North Estonian dialects. Estonian has been in contact with many languages and has especially been influenced by German. It has several features that are spread in the Circum-Baltic area. Estonian phonetics and phonology are characterized by three quantity degrees, palatalization, and lack of vowel harmony. The morphology combines agglutinative features with fusional. Existential, possessive, experiential, and resultative sentences display non-canonical subjects. Differential subject and object marking are conditioned by various semantic and syntactic features of the sentence. In addition to inherited and borrowed stems, Estonian language planning has created many completely new word stems.
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« Writing Science Through the Tenets of Journalism ». Dans Complete Science Communication : A Guide to Connecting with Scientists, Journalists and the Public, 12–36. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788011105-00012.
Texte intégralRésumé :
One of the main themes of this text is that science should be written like journalism. As such, this chapter discusses journalism most notably in its inverted pyramid format. The most important sentence in any document is the very first (the lead), and the following sentences decrease in importance as the story progresses. Hence, construction of the lead, supporting paragraph, and the rest of the story are described within the context of science journalism and writing about science. Additionally the 5 “Ws” of “Who?,” “What?,” “When?,” “Where?,” and “How?” as well as the author’s addition of the 3 “Cs” of science communication in “Clear,” “Concise,” and “Correct” are also provided. Interviews, the use of sources, medium, length, and new media are also included.
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Raychaudhuri, Soumya. « Finding Gene Names ». Dans Computational Text Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198567400.003.0016.
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Successful use of text mining algorithms to facilitate genomics research hinges on the ability to recognize the names of genes in scientific text. In this chapter we address the critical issue of gene name recognition. Once gene names can be recognized in the scientific text, we can begin to understand what the text says about those genes. This is a much more challenging issue than one might appreciate at first glance. Gene names can be inconsistent and confusing; automated gene name recognition efforts have therfore turned out to be quite challenging to implement with high accuracy. Gene name recognition algorithms have a wide range of useful applications. Until this chapter we have been avoiding this issue and have been using only gene-article indices. In practice these indices are manually assembled. Gene name recognition algorithms offer the possibility of automating and expediting the laborious task of building reference indices. Article indices can be built that associate articles to genes based on whether or not the article mentions the gene by name. In addition, gene name recognition is the first step in doing more detailed sentence-by-sentence text analysis. For example, in Chapter 10 we will talk about identifying relationships between genes from text. Frequently, this requires identifying sentences refering to two gene names, and understanding what sort of relationship the sentence is describing between these genes. Sophisticated natural language processing techniques to parse sentences and understand gene function cannot be done in a meaningful way without recognizing where the gene names are in the first place. The major concepts of this chapter are presented in the frame box. We begin by describing the commonly used strategies that can be used alone or in concert to identify gene names. At the end of the chapter we introduce one successful name finding algorithm that combines many of the different strategies. There are several commonly used approaches that can be exploited to recognize gene names in text (Chang, Shutze, et al. 2004). Often times these approaches can be combined into even more effective multifaceted algorithms.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Sentenze additive"
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Yang, Yinfei, Gustavo Hernandez Abrego, Steve Yuan, Mandy Guo, Qinlan Shen, Daniel Cer, Yun-hsuan Sung, Brian Strope et Ray Kurzweil. « Improving Multilingual Sentence Embedding using Bi-directional Dual Encoder with Additive Margin Softmax ». Dans Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/746.
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In this paper, we present an approach to learn multilingual sentence embeddings using a bi-directional dual-encoder with additive margin softmax. The embeddings are able to achieve state-of-the-art results on the United Nations (UN) parallel corpus retrieval task. In all the languages tested, the system achieves P@1 of 86% or higher. We use pairs retrieved by our approach to train NMT models that achieve similar performance to models trained on gold pairs. We explore simple document-level embeddings constructed by averaging our sentence embeddings. On the UN document-level retrieval task, document embeddings achieve around 97% on P@1 for all experimented language pairs. Lastly, we evaluate the proposed model on the BUCC mining task. The learned embeddings with raw cosine similarity scores achieve competitive results compared to current state-of-the-art models, and with a second-stage scorer we achieve a new state-of-the-art level on this task.
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García, María Luz, Ivan Agea et María José Argente. « Integración didáctica de “apps” relacionadas con la producción animal en la docencia universitaria del Grado de Ingeniería Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental ». Dans IN-RED 2020 : VI Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Valencia : Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inred2020.2020.11997.
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The objective of this work is the didactic integration of apps that are used in the management of livestock farms in the Degree in Agro-Food and Agro-Environmental Engineering. The academic results indicated that the scores improved by 1.67 points when the apps were included in the teaching. In addition, a questionnaire was carried out for the student, resulting that more than 66% of the students answered "Totally agree" to the sentence "The proposed task has made it easier for me to learn the subject". This was also the response for 33% of the students to the sentences "The use of apps has helped me understand the subject" and "I would recommend the use of apps in other subjects of the subject". The answer "Neither agree nor disagree" was the answer selected by 66% of the students for the sentence "The use of apps has brought me closer to that of the livestock sector". The conclusions of this work are that the introduction of apps in teaching improves the academic performance of the student as they facilitate learning. It would be advisable to use this methodology to other subject.
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Wu, Bofeng, Guocheng Niu, Jun Yu, Xinyan Xiao, Jian Zhang et Hua Wu. « Weakly Supervised Dense Video Captioning via Jointly Usage of Knowledge Distillation and Cross-modal Matching ». Dans Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/160.
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This paper proposes an approach to Dense Video Captioning (DVC) without pairwise event-sentence annotation. First, we adopt the knowledge distilled from relevant and well solved tasks to generate high-quality event proposals. Then we incorporate contrastive loss and cycle-consistency loss typically applied to cross-modal retrieval tasks to build semantic matching between the proposals and sentences, which are eventually used to train the caption generation module. In addition, the parameters of matching module are initialized via pre-training based on annotated images to improve the matching performance. Extensive experiments on ActivityNet-Caption dataset reveal the significance of distillation-based event proposal generation and cross-modal retrieval-based semantic matching to weakly supervised DVC, and demonstrate the superiority of our method to existing state-of-the-art methods.
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Xu, Linli, Wenjun Ouyang, Xiaoying Ren, Yang Wang et Liang Jiang. « Enhancing Semantic Representations of Bilingual Word Embeddings with Syntactic Dependencies ». Dans Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/628.
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Cross-lingual representation is a technique that can both represent different languages in the same latent vector space and enable the knowledge transfer across languages. To learn such representations, most of existing works require parallel sentences with word-level alignments and assume that aligned words have similar Bag-of-Words (BoW) contexts. However, due to differences in grammar structures among different languages, the contexts of aligned words in different languages may appear at different positions of the sentence. To address this issue of different syntactics across different languages, we propose a model of bilingual word embeddings integrating syntactic dependencies (DepBiWE) by producing dependency parse-trees which encode the accurate relative positions for the contexts of aligned words. In addition, a new method is proposed to learn bilingual word embeddings from dependency-based contexts and BoW contexts jointly. Extensive experimental results on a real world dataset clearly validate the superiority of the proposed model DepBiWE on various natural language processing (NLP) tasks.
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Schaffhausen, Cory R., et Timothy M. Kowalewski. « Large Scale Needs-Based Open Innovation via Automated Semantic Textual Similarity Analysis ». Dans ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47358.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Open innovation often enjoys large quantities of submitted content. Yet the need to effectively process such large quantities of content impede the widespread use of open innovation in practice. This article presents an exploration of needs-based open innovation using state-of-the art natural language processing (NLP) algorithms to address existing limitations of exploiting large amounts of incoming data. The Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) algorithms were specifically developed to compare sentence-length text passages and were used to rate the semantic similarity of pairs of text sentences submitted by users of a custom open innovation platform. A total of 341 unique users submitted 1,735 textual problem statements or unmet needs relating to multiple topics: cooking, cleaning, and travel. Scores of equivalence generated by a consensus of ten human evaluators for a subset of the needs provided a benchmark for similarity comparison. The semantic analysis allowed for rapid (1 day per topic), automated screening of redundancy to facilitate identification of quality submissions. In addition, a series of permutation analyses provided critical crowd characteristics for the rates of redundant entries as crowd size increases. The results identify top modern STS algorithms for needfinding. These predicted similarity with Pearson correlations of up to .85 when trained using need-based training data and up to .83 when trained using generalized data. Rates of duplication varied with crowd size and may be approximately linear or appear asymptotic depending on the degree of similarity used as a cutoff. Semantic algorithm performance has shown rapid improvements in recent years. Potential applications to screen duplicates and also to screen highly unique sentences for rapid exploration of a space are discussed.
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van Bremen, Timothy, et Ondřej Kuželka. « Lifted Inference with Tree Axioms ». Dans 18th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2021}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2021/57.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We consider the problem of weighted first-order model counting (WFOMC): given a first-order sentence ϕ and domain size n ∈ ℕ, determine the weighted sum of models of ϕ over the domain {1, ..., n}. Past work has shown that any sentence using at most two logical variables admits an algorithm for WFOMC that runs in time polynomial in the given domain size (Van den Broeck 2011; Van den Broeck, Meert, and Darwiche 2014). In this paper, we extend this result to any two-variable sentence ϕ with the addition of a tree axiom, stating that some distinguished binary relation in ϕ forms a tree in the graph-theoretic sense.
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Thi, Lanh Dang. « Conjunctional Means in “Husbandless Wharf” of Author Duong Huong ». Dans The 4th Conference on Language Teaching and Learning. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.132.12.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In any discourse, cohesion is considered as the most fundemental characteristics because discourse is not a simple addition of sentences. Sentences in the discourse are cohesion by determinable procedures and means. Any discourse has more than a cohesion method procedure and crisscross among cohesion procedures. For examples: using conjunction and iteration increases accuracy, clearness, closeness; using substitution and ellipsis compresses expression to avoid repeating vocabulary ect... in order to create emotion and determinable values. This article will find out the the method of cohesion words in the novel “Husbandless Wharf” of Duong Huong to point out the role of this association in making accuracy and clearness in sentences as well as in maintaining and developing content of the discourse. Simultaneously the writer also shows his way of selecting and using word out that his selecting and using the word are skilful and artistic.
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Witecy, Bernadette, Tatjana Tolkmit et Martina Penke. « Sentence repetition in German-speaking individuals with Down syndrome ». Dans 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2020/11/0055/000470.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The present study investigated the morphosyntactic abilities of German-speaking individuals with Down syndrome (DS) employing a sentence repetition task. In addition, a nonword repetition task was used to assess verbal short-term memory. The performance of 16 children/adolescents with DS was compared to that of 10 typically developing (TD) children. Group comparisons as well as the inspection of standard scores that were determined based on nonverbal mental age indicated a significant morphosyntactic impairment in most individuals with DS that could neither be solely attributed to the general cognitive delay nor to the observed deficit in verbal verbal short-term memory. Further qualitative results are presented.
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Gui, Tao, Ruotian Ma, Qi Zhang, Lujun Zhao, Yu-Gang Jiang et Xuanjing Huang. « CNN-Based Chinese NER with Lexicon Rethinking ». Dans Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/692.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Character-level Chinese named entity recognition (NER) that applies long short-term memory (LSTM) to incorporate lexicons has achieved great success. However, this method fails to fully exploit GPU parallelism and candidate lexicons can conflict. In this work, we propose a faster alternative to Chinese NER: a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based method that incorporates lexicons using a rethinking mechanism. The proposed method can model all the characters and potential words that match the sentence in parallel. In addition, the rethinking mechanism can address the word conflict by feeding back the high-level features to refine the networks. Experimental results on four datasets show that the proposed method can achieve better performance than both word-level and character-level baseline methods. In addition, the proposed method performs up to 3.21 times faster than state-of-the-art methods, while realizing better performance.
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Shen, Kai, Lingfei Wu, Fangli Xu, Siliang Tang, Jun Xiao et Yueting Zhuang. « Hierarchical Attention Based Spatial-Temporal Graph-to-Sequence Learning for Grounded Video Description ». Dans Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/131.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The task of Grounded Video Description~(GVD) is to generate sentences whose objects can be grounded with the bounding boxes in the video frames. Existing works often fail to exploit structural information both in modeling the relationships among the region proposals and in attending them for text generation. To address these issues, we cast the GVD task as a spatial-temporal Graph-to-Sequence learning problem, where we model video frames as spatial-temporal sequence graph in order to better capture implicit structural relationships. In particular, we exploit two ways to construct a sequence graph that captures spatial-temporal correlations among different objects in each frame and further present a novel graph topology refinement technique to discover optimal underlying graph structure. In addition, we also present hierarchical attention mechanism to attend sequence graph in different resolution levels for better generating the sentences. Our extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method compared to state-of-the-art methods.