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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Selection and european principles »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 9 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Selection and european principles"

Brody, Grace. « Implications of the Selection of Islamic Law in European Private International Law ». Michigan Journal of International Law, n^o 43.3 (2022) : 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.36642/mjil.43.3.implications.

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The English Court of Appeal in Beximco v. Shamil Bank chose to apply only English law in a breach of contract case, even though the choice of law clause in the contract at issue also selected Islamic law. The court cited three main reasons for this decision. First, article 3(1) of the Rome I Convention “contemplates” that a contract can be governed only by the “law of a country,” and there is no mention of the application of a “non-national system of law such as Sharia law.” Second, Islamic law does not consist of “principles of law” but instead a system of principles which “apply to other aspects of life and behaviour.” Third, even if Islamic law was interpreted to include principles of law, there is no consensus among the Islamic legal community as to what they would be when applied to a financial transaction. As this note will demonstrate, none of these arguments should hold weight in a contemporary European Member State court. For one thing, the court’s ruling is not consistent with the implications of the 2008 Rome I Regulation (“the Regulation” or “the Rome I Regulation”), which updates the Rome I Convention (“the Convention” or “the Rome I Convention”), both of which regulate choice of law issues in the European Union (“EU”). Although the Rome I Regulation was passed four years after the Shamil Bank decision, the content and legislative history of the Regulation suggest that it should be understood to support the validity of non-state sources of law like Islamic law. For another, the Shamil Bank decision misconstrued the nature of Islamic law. Islamic law’s approach to financial issues is demonstrably specific enough to enforce, as is evidenced by the fact that international arbitration proceedings have no difficulty enforcing choice of law clauses which select Islamic law. The weaknesses of the court’s arguments are not the only reason that future European Member State courts should not follow the reasoning of the Shamil Bank decision. In a global system that is trending toward prioritizing party autonomy, as evidenced by the Rome I Regulation and The Hague Principles on Choice of Law in International Contracts (“the Hague Principles”), European Member State court systems should be more open-minded about enforcing the legal systems that parties choose to rely upon in negotiating and drafting their contracts. This is especially true when the contract at issue selects both state law and non-state law, as was the case in Shamil Bank. If parties choose, as they did in that contract, to apply English law “in the spirit” of Islamic law, it would be disrespectful of their autonomy—and would materially alter the nature of the bargain they have entered into—for the court to choose to apply only English law, as the English Court of Appeal did. This is not to say that courts should be forced to apply parties’ selection of all types of non-state law, only those systems that are demonstrably specific enough to administer, as Islamic law is. This note will contend that even though no European Member State court has dealt with the application of Islamic law directly since the 2004 Shamil Bank decision, to the best of this author’s knowledge, if the issue were to arise again, courts should not follow the reasoning of the Shamil Bank decision.

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Samarin, Oleg, Sabina Paulauskaitė, Kęstutis Valančius et Kęstutis Čiuprinskas. « Selection of the Climate Parameters for a Building Envelopes and Indoor Climate Systems Design ». Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 9, n^o 4 (11 septembre 2017) : 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2017.1050.

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The current research considers the principles of selection of the climate information needed for the building envelope and indoor climate design and adopted in Russia and some European countries. Special reference has been made to the shortcoming of methodologies that include the notion of a typical year, and the advantages of climate data sets generated via software-based designs, using pseudo-random number generators. The results of the average temperature of the coldest five-day period with various supplies were calculated using the numerical Monte-Carlo simulations, as well as the current climate data. It has been shown that there is a fundamental overlap between the statistical distribution of temperatures of both instances and the possibility of implementation a probabilistic-statistical method principle in the development of certain climate data, relative to envelopes and thermal conditions of a building. The calculated values were combined with the analytic expression of the normal law of random distribution and the correlations needed for the main parameter selection.

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Obrecht, Matevz, Rawan El Haddad, Rowan Abd Elbary, Rebeka Kovačič Lukman et Maja Rosi. « Promoting Sustainable and Circular Plastics Use in Egipt with Implementation of Ecodesign Principles ». System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment 1, n^o 1 (1 mars 2019) : 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2019-0057.

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AbstractGreen Supply chain, Green Packaging, Eco-labels, and Eco-design strategies are concepts that are discussed frequently within scientific and political debates. Eco-design strategies for Lifecycle Design include the Eco-design Strategy wheel which presents eight Eco-design strategies: New concept development, Selection of low-impact materials, Reduction of materials usage, Optimization of production techniques, Optimization of distribution system, Reduction of impact during use, Optimization of initial lifetime, and Optimization of end-of-life system. This research investigates specifically the selection of low impact raw materials phase using the European Union as a benchmark to improve the Egyptian situation and aims to apply the closed loop cycle to the Egyptian Plastics Industry. Its goal is to enlight the way towards Sustainable and Circular economy system in Plastics manufacturing sector in Egypt while emphasizing the financial benefits from the Business and Marketing perspectives rather than the Environmental perspective only.

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Ohotnykova, Olha Volodymyrivna. « IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MERITOCRATIC PRINCIPLE IN EUROPEAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SYSTEMS ». International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 4, n^o 2 (30 décembre 2018) : 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0005.

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The article analyzed the experience of forming the personnel of the public administration system in France, Germany, Great Britain, Poland, Latvia. The author defined the procedures for selection and formation of a management elite in these countries. The article noted that the main stages of selection and formation of managerial personnel is the passage of the system of examinations on language proficiency and knowledge of legislation. The author stated that in France, Germany, Great Britain, Poland, Latvia there is no legislative regulation of the meritocratic principle as a principle of selection of talented specialists. In addition, the personal qualities of the managerial elite remain to be neglected. Separately, the question of creating a reserve of talented youth is needed, which will allow permanent rotation of staff in the system of public administration, and also create conditions for the development of personnel, depending on their talents and abilities. The author proposes ways to improve the system of examinations and procedures for recruiting.

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Staš, David, Radim Lenort, Pavel Wicher et David Holman. « Conceptual Framework for Assessing the Green Transport Level in Industrial Companies and Supply Chains ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 708 (décembre 2014) : 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.708.87.

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The paper presents a conceptual framework for measurement, monitoring, and evaluation of an industrial company and supply chain Green Transport level. The framework contains five main phases – preliminary analysis, transport system analysis, selection of assessing parameters, taxonomy development, and evaluation. For each phase are defined fundamental principles and recommended tools. The verification of the designed conceptual framework was performed on a real supply chain of the European automotive industry.

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Chizhova, G. M. « Acquiring the database “Internet resources in culture and arts” at the Russian State Art Library ». Scientific and Technical Libraries, n^o 6 (23 juin 2022) : 76–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2022-6-76-99.

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The author discusses acquiring and developing the database “Internet resources in culture and arts” at the Russian State Art Library. The networked online resources are highly demanded by the users in science, academic and professional sphere, as well as by expert librarians. The stages of database design are specified; defining the subject scope, selection principles and search strategies are defined. The role of recommendations included into European MINERVA project “European MINERVA project «Cultural web-User Interaction” (2008). The criteria for selecting Internet-resources for cataloguing are analyzed; the description formats are evaluated, i. e. the Dublin Core and Russian communication format of machine-readable bibliographic records RUSMARC, with the preference given to the later. The difficulties in describing resources and filling in RUSMARC fields are identified. The general and specific problems of cataloging Internet resources were solved; the principles of constructing bibliographic record of online digital resource “Internet resources in culture and arts” were developed. The significance of regular audit of the information resource, its relevancy and accessibility is emphasized. The examples of queries to the database are provided. The content of the resources included into the database “Internet resources in culture and arts” expands the study field through adding the wider range of document sources.

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de Streel, Alexandre. « The Integration of Competition Law Principles in the New European Regulatory Framework for Electronic Communications ». World Competition 26, Issue 3 (1 septembre 2003) : 489–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2003024.

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A new regulatory framework for electronic communications (fixed and mobile telephony, Internet, cable TV, . . .) is due to be applicable in the Member States of the European Union in July 2003. One of the main important aspects of the framework is the regulation of the operators enjoying significant market power, which has now been aligned on competition law principles. This article describes the three steps to be followed by a national regulatory authority to impose obligations upon these operators: selection of markets to be regulated and delineation of their boundaries, determination of the dominant operators on these markets, and choice of the remedies to be imposed. The article then characterises the remaining differences between sectoral law and general competition law. Finally, the article underlines the implicit vision of the new framework: economic sectoral law is a complementary tool—and not a substitute to—competition law, and would only intervene in case of hard-core market power that antitrust would be inefficient to control.

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Fedorova, T. A., A. G. Stolyarova, P. S. Kordyukov et M. S. Osintseva. « Technological principles of selection of plants and engineering features of gardening of roofs of the european part of Russia ». RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries, n^o 5 (2013) : 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2013-5-105-112.

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Henc, Adriana. « Kanon historiograficzny w literaturoznawstwie polsko-ukraińskim XVIII–XX wieku ». Studia Ukrainica Posnaniensia 10, n^o 1 (15 novembre 2022) : 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sup.2022.10.1.06.

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The article investigates the theoretical and practical principles of creating a canon in Polish and Ukrainian historical and literary syntheses in the context of European historiographical traditions. The core criteria of selection of historical and literary material are singled out, and taxonomic tendencies in the histories of literature from the 18th–20th centuries are considered. The main aspects of the canonization of texts in Ukrainian and Polish historiographical corpora are clarified, which are primarily reflected in the formal characteristics, criteria for selecting literary texts, the author’s interpretations, conceptual approaches and the methodological basis. The article articulates the main achievements of literary historians of the 18th–20th centuries, as well as comprehensively defining the methodology for creating a holistic and scientifically sound corpus of the history of Ukrainian and Polish literature.

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Korzh, O. M. « The personalized approach to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. » Shidnoevropejskij zurnal vnutrisnoi ta simejnoi medicini 2023, n^o 1 (février 2023) : 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/internalmed2023.01.102.

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The article presents a number of major updates on the assessment of the risk of cardiovascular complications and the principles of preventive intervention based on the materials of the analyzed clinical recommendations. Previous European guidelines focused on risk stratification and prevention of risk factors, whereas the updated European Society of Cardiology document places great emphasis on personalization and stepwise intervention in clinical practice. When developing a prevention strategy, it is recommended to pay attention not only to gender and age indicators, but also to geographic and ethnic factors. A personalized approach to prevention using a cardiovascular risk score and stepwise selection of treatment are more complex than a general prevention strategy, but they reflect the diversity of patients and their characteristics in clinical practice.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Selection and european principles"

GRILLO, ELISA. « Le concessioni di servizi pubblici locali a rilevanza economica : i principi europei dell'evidenza pubblica nella giurisprudenza della Corte di Giustizia e nel Codice dei contratti pubblici ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/43993.

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Le concessioni di servizi pubblici locali a rilevanza economica, inquadramento normativo e giurisprudenziale aggiornato all'anno 2012. Particolare attenzione alla procedura di selezione del concessionario e, in particolare, ai principi generali estrapolati dalla giurisprudenza della Corte di Giustizia e tradotti in norme di trasparenza, imparzialità e parità di trattamento immediatamente applicabili. analisi della casistica nazionale in cerca di riscontro degli insegnamenti del giudice europeo alla luce del recepimento delle direttive del 2004 attraverso il d.lgs. 163/2006.

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Mezabarba, Renan Maneli. « Selection principles in hyperspaces ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-10102018-144937/.

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In this work we analyze some selection principles over some classes of hyperspaces. In the first part we consider selective variations of tightness over a class of function spaces whose topologies are determined by bornologies on the space. As results, we extend several well known translations between covering properties and closure properties of the topology of pointwise convergence. In the second part we consider artificial hyperspaces that assist the analysis of productive topological properties. We emphasize the results characterizing productively ccc preorders and the characterization of the Lindelöf property via closed projections.
Neste trabalho analisamos alguns princípios seletivos quando considerados sobre alguns tipos de hiperespaços. Na primeira parte consideramos variações seletivas do tightness sobre diversos tipos de espaços de funções, cujas topologias são determinadas por bornologias no espaço. Como resultados, estendemos diversas traduções conhecidas entre propriedades de recobrimento e propriedades de convergência na topologia da convergência pontual. Na segunda parte consideramos hiperespaços artificiais que auxiliam na análise de propriedades topológicas produtivas. Destacamos os resultados que caracterizam as pré-ordens produtivamente ccc e a caracterização da propriedade de Lindelöf em termos de projeções fechadas.

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Shi, Feng. « Principles of European Union water law ». Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1944040.

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Liang, Zheng Yun. « The enviromental principles of the European Union ». Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2120095.

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Fox, Douglas E. « The application of choice set principles to typeface selection ». Diss., Wichita State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3927.

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Choice set size has implications on how people select typefaces, which are normally presented in long, alphabetical lists in programs such as Microsoft Word™. The extensive size of the choice set makes choosing a typeface a difficult task, which is unfortunate because typeface selections are highly important. Choosing the right typeface ensures that the rhetoric of the message is expressed correctly, and that confusions do not occur due to low legibility. Two ways of decreasing the choice difficulty is by reducing the number of typefaces and incorporating categories into the choice set. For these reasons, this experiment explored the effects that choice set design has on typeface selections in two studies. Study 1 examined the effect that size and categorization had on the affective response (satisfaction, difficulty, etc.) and preference for making a typeface decision. Participants reported higher satisfaction and preferred typeface choice sets that contained informative categories. Results also revealed that moderate size choice sets were associated with less difficulty, less choice overload, and higher satisfaction than large choice sets. Study 2 examined the effect that categorization had on the strategy for choosing a typeface across different document types. Participants spent more time choosing a typeface and contemplated more typefaces when using choice sets that contained categories, regardless of document type. This provides evidence that categorization lead participants to use a more optimal decision strategy, which should increase the likelihood of selecting a more optimal typeface.
Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology

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Etienne, Anne. « Towards European Integration : Do the European Union and Its Members Abide by the Same Principles ? » Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4617/.

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In the last few decades the European Union (EU) and its members have emphasized the importance of human rights and the need to improve human rights conditions in Third World countries. In this research project, I attempted to find out whether the European Union and its members practice what they preach by giving precedence to countries that respect human rights through their Official Development Assistance (ODA) program. Furthermore, I tried to analyze whether European integration occurs at the foreign policy level through aid allocation. Based on the literatures on political conditionality and on the relationship between human rights and foreign aid allocation, I expected that all EU members promote principles of good governance by rewarding countries that protect the human rights of their citizens. I conducted a cross-sectional time-series selection model over all recipients of ODA for each of the twelve members for which I have data, the European Commission, and the aggregate EU disbursements from 1979 to 1998.

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Stavridis, Stylianos. « Foreign policy and democratic principles : the case of European political cooperation ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265598.

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Mountjoy, Donald James. « Male song and sexual selection in the European starling ». Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41726.

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The function of the complex song of the European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) was examined. Song playback experiments showed that both male and female starlings were attracted by song, and complex song inhibited males from entering nestboxes. Wild starlings (at least two years old when first recorded) showed extensive changes in the composition of their song phrase repertoires and most also increased the size of their repertoires, which will result in a correlation between age and repertoire size in this species. Females prefer males that have more complex song, and this preference remained significant when preferences for certain nest sites were controlled. Males with larger repertoires did not spend more time incubating or make more feeding visits to nestlings than did males with smaller repertoires. The evolution of complex song in the European starling is consistent with an age-indicator model of sexual selection, in which aspects of male quality correlated with age are advertised by the complexity of male song.

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Debuse, Valerie J. « Resource competition and sexual selection in the European lobster ». Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302059.

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Hager, Tanja. « System der Stellvertretung im schweizerischen und englischen Recht unter Berücksichtigung der Unidroit Principles und der Principles of European Contract Law ». St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02600401002/$FILE/02600401002.pdf.

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Livres sur le sujet "Selection and european principles"

Lynch, Merrill. European insurance : Natural selection. London : Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Ltd, 1999.

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Open Society Institute (Budapest, Hungary), Local Government and Public Service Reform Initiative et Asocijacija multietničkih gradova jugoistočne Evrope Philia, dir. Principles of European regionalism. Novi Sad, Serbia : Association of Multiethnic Cities of Southeast Europe Philia, 2007.

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Motorola. Motorola European master selection guide. (s.l.) : Motorola, 1986.

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Bast, Jürgen, et Armin von Bogdandy. Principles of European constitutional law. 2^e éd. Oxford : Hart Pub., 2009.

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Birtwistle, Tim. Principles of European Union law. 3^e éd. Bromborough : Liverpool Academic Press, 2002.

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Busnelli, Francesco D., Giovanni Comandé, Herman Cousy, Dan B. Dobbs, Bill W. Dufwa, Michael G. Faure, Israel Gilead et al. Principles of European Tort Law. Vienna : Springer Vienna, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-211-27751-x.

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Principles of European Union law. 3^e éd. St. Paul, MN : Thomson/West, 2011.

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Folsom, Ralph Haughwout. Principles of European Union law. St. Paul, MN : Thomson/West, 2005.

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Ole, Lando, Beale H. G et Commission on European Contract Law., dir. Principles of European contract law. The Hague : Kluwer Law International, 2000.

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1960-, Bogdandy Armin von, et Bast Jürgen 1968-, dir. Principles of European constitutional law. 2^e éd. Oxford : Hart, 2010.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Selection and european principles"

Chistyakov, Vyacheslav V. « Pointwise selection principles ». Dans SpringerBriefs in Optimization, 45–79. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87399-8_4.

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Barkley, Andrew, et Paul W. Barkley. « Optimal input selection ». Dans Principles of Agricultural Economics, 117–44. Third edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series : Routledge textbooks in environmental and agricultural economics : Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429284793-5.

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Barkley, Andrew, et Paul W. Barkley. « Optimal output selection ». Dans Principles of Agricultural Economics, 145–60. Third edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series : Routledge textbooks in environmental and agricultural economics : Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429284793-6.

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Ho, Christopher C. K. « Principles of Shade Selection ». Dans Practical Procedures in Aesthetic Dentistry, 34–38. Oxford, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119324911.ch2.6.

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Héritier, Adrienne, Katharina L. Meissner, Catherine Moury et Magnus G. Schoeller. « Methodology and Case Selection ». Dans European Administrative Governance, 29–35. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16777-6_3.

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Butler, David, et Martin Westlake. « Candidate Selection ». Dans British Politics and European Elections 1999, 82–96. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230554399_4.

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Tate, Maryanne. « Selection and fitting ». Dans Principles of Hearing Aid Audiology, 155–72. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7152-4_8.

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Singh, B. D., et A. K. Singh. « Genomic Selection ». Dans Marker-Assisted Plant Breeding : Principles and Practices, 295–312. New Delhi : Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2316-0_10.

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Woodbridge, Richard. « Selection of test methods ». Dans Principles of Paint Formulation, 202–18. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3674-1_8.

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Lee, Shing M., Bruce Levin et Cheng-Shiun Leu. « Randomized Selection Designs ». Dans Principles and Practice of Clinical Trials, 1047–66. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52636-2_82.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Selection and european principles"

Nennie, E. D., J. P. de Boer et W. Schiferli. « Predicting the Gain From Deliquification Measures for European Wells ». Dans ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24688.

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Various Dutch operators have identified a need for increased application of deliquification measures in their North Sea wells. To help meet this need a Joint Industry Project (JIP) was set up to identify knowledge and experience gained in the United States on gas well deliquification and transfer this to European wells. In the first phase of the project a broad overview of the techniques used to deliquify gas wells suffering from liquid loading was made together with a set of available guidelines predicting the range of application. Having identified potential techniques, a selection tool was developed which suggests the most suitable deliquification technique for a given well. The selection tool can predict the gains in production and ultimate recovery resulting from applying a range of techniques. The selection tool is based on Tubing Performance Curve (TPC) analysis combined with Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) analysis; performance therefore depends on the pressure drop over the wellbore (as modelled in the TPC) and on reservoir characteristics. For each of these techniques, a model was available or developed to simplify their operating principles to a TPC. Results from this tool can aid in deciding which deliquification technique to implement, as it gives a clear overview of the production gain that can be expected for the different techniques [8].

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Kadic, Enes, et Theodore J. Heindel. « Hydrodynamic Considerations in Bioreactor Selection and Design ». Dans ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30367.

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The biological production of renewable fuels and chemicals, medicines, and proteins is not possible without a properly functioning bioreactor. Bioreactors are expected to meet several basic requirements and create conditions favorable to the biological material such that the desired production is maximized. The basic requirements, which are strongly influenced by fluid mechanic principles, may include minimum damage to the biological material, maximum reactor volume utilization, optimized gas-liquid mass transfer, and/or enhanced mass transfer from the liquid to the biological species. Each of these goals may be achieved within any of the major bioreactor designs, which generally fall under the categories of stirred tank, bubble column, or airlift bioreactor. Yet, each of the bioreactor designs has strengths and weaknesses. This paper provides an overview of bioreactor hydrodynamic developments and the fluid mechanic issues that should to be considered when selecting a bioreactor for experimental and production purposes.

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Miserciu, Iulian. « Shared Management between the European Commission and Romania on the Implementation of European Structural and Investment Funds ». Dans G.I.D.T.P. 2019 - Globalization, Innovation and Development, Trends and Prospects 2019. LUMEN Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/gidtp2022/11.

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The European Commission (EC) and Romania ensure a shared management of European funds and the principles governing the current financial framework are those of sound financial management. For each operational program, European regulations make mandatory the existence of the following authorities: the management body (MA), the certifying body (CA) and the audit institution (AA), which must operate independently of each other. Each Member State has the freedom to create its own institutional framework, if the three authorities mentioned in the European regulations are clearly defined and delineated. The present article aims to present whether the management and control system (MCS) implemented at the Romanian level is too bureaucratic if too many authorities have been created on the European Commission's cash flow. At the same time, some of the main causes will be identified, which may lead to a lack of beneficiaries' interest in accessing the funds allocated to certain programs. Some of these cases originate from the 2007-2013 programming period where Romania was sanctioned by the European Commission with many financial corrections due to systemic irregularities identified in the process of public procurement procedure, the evaluation and selection process projects. At the same time, the lack of funding due to the failure to complete some projects in time in December 2015 will be considered, as it is compulsory to ensure the necessary public and private financial resources from the own local budgets or from the state budget in order to be able to be finished.

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Dashin, Aleksey, Elena Simatova, Anatoly Shapovalov et Gennady Pratsko. « Principles of international law as source of regulating contractual relations complicated by foreign elements ». Dans East – West : Practical Approaches to Countering Terrorism and Preventing Violent Extremism. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcshss.rahd1545.

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This research is dedicated to the problem of essence and classification of international private law principles applicable to international private contracts. It studies existing doctrinal opinions towards systematization criteria of international private law principles including that in relation to other branches of law. The authors come to the conclusion on the essence and characteristics of those international private law principles that are applied to contractual relations complicated by a foreign element and that are reflected in the international practice. By subdividing the international private law principles by extent of relation to primary regulation methods (collision law and material law) and taking into account a close tie of this law branch with other branches, in particular, international public and civil law, given the goals of this research, the authors come to the conclusions that regulation of trans-border contractual relations correspond to the following principles: justice, good faith and rationality of participants of legal relations; autonomy of parties’ will; the closest tie. The substantiation of the above gives quotes of international documents widely spread as lex mercatoria – UNIDROIT principles, principles of the European contractual law, and Hauge principles of law selection as applicable to international commercial contracts.

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Dahl, Trygve. « Optimizing Pump Selection for Energy Efficiency Across Multiple Operating Conditions Using True Weighted Efficiency (TWE) ». Dans ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-4777.

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Abstract Energy efficiency is emphasized more actively across the pump industry. Legislation in the European Union and in the United States utilize new energy efficiency ranking metrics, but neither of these methods are conveniently applied to customer specified load conditions. True Weighted Efficiency, or TWE, is introduced as a general-purpose, universal pump efficiency metric for pumps operating under multiple operating conditions. The TWE is derived accurately from first principles, using generalized load profiles that include control curves, multiple discrete operating points based on those control curves, and the time of operation at each operating point. A pump selection/optimization program is used to numerically demonstrate the TWE method. Various examples are presented, contrasting candidate pumps based on three different optimization strategies. The study reveals that the pump with the best design point efficiency may not be the best choice from a TWE or an evaluated cost perspective. This method is applicable to rotodynamic or positive displacement pumps operating at fixed or variable speed, on/off operation, throttle control, or by-pass control. and other turbomachinery as well. The TWE methodology, when combined with a pump selection/optimization program, will help practitioners design systems that reduce energy consumption for new or reconfigured pump applications.

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Liang, Guangyue, Qian Xie, Yang Liu, Shangqi Liu, Jiuning Zhou et Yu Bao. « Design and Application Evaluation of Revolutionary Inflow Control Devices Enhanced Bitumen Recovery and Thermal Efficiency in SAGD Process ». Dans SPE EuropEC - Europe Energy Conference featured at the 83rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209682-ms.

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Abstract Non-uniform steam chamber caused by reservoir heterogeneity, shale interlayer, local mobile water, undulating well trajectories and improper operation, etc., severely restricts oil sands SAGD performance. Inflow control devices (ICD) achieved great success in controlling conventional water or gas coning. Inspired by this, liner and then retrofitting tubing deployed ICD have been tested since 2009 and soared in recent years. Therefore, this paper made a systematic review of ICD design, operation principle and application evaluation. Different types of ICD applications in dozens of Canadian oil sands projects were comparatively investigated including operating principle, adaptability analysis, liner-deployed or tubing-deployed ICD, early-to-medium SAGD performance. Then a numerical simulation method incorporated the relationship of pressure drop versus mass rate at different conditions and pressure degradation due to erosion impacts is presented. The feasibility analysis of ICD deployed on injector or producer was further evaluated by numerical simulations. Besides, a set of ICD optimization design method is provided including the principles of well selection, reasonable ICD number along horizontal well section, and optimum operating conditions, etc. Revolutionary ICD technology has become an effective way of greatly improving SAGD performance in recent years. According to the statistical data, most ICD are deployed on producers rather than injectors, which is also explained by numerical simulations of technical feasibility evaluation. In order to deal with uneven steam chamber growth, the number of tubing deployed ICD dramatically increases in recent years. The proportion of liner and tubing deployed ICD is 58% and 42%, respectively. However, there are big differences in SAGD performance of different ICD wells. Some ICD wells is worse in SAGD performance and even damaged by sand production. Based on absorbing the knowledge of field application, the behavior of different types of ICD was compared to guide the selection. Then the workflow of ICD optimization design method was provided by calculating conformance and allocated liquid volume according to the relationship of pressure drop versus mass rate. The operation principle is suggested to facilitate lower subcool but zero subcool not allowed in long term due to sand production risk. On the basis of reasonable well selection, it can easily improve conformance by above 15% and oil production by over 50%. Inspired by this, ICD also applied to several multilateral SAGD well pairs to balance steam or liquid distribution along horizontal wellbore. This paper first systematically provides various types of ICD behavior, screening criteria, design practices, operation principle and application evaluation in SAGD process. These findings are very useful for ICD design and enhancing both oil recovery and thermal efficiency in heavy oil or bitumen production.

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Yarovoy, V. V. « Role of Diffraction in Selection of Wave Phase-Conjugated to Input Speckled Beam in Resonator with Holographic Mirror. » Dans The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.cthh59.

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Optical oscillator with holographic mirror formed by external signal wave (fig. 1) is considered to be one of the prospect and effective PC-corrector being used in different laser systems. When one needs to reconstruct information about object wave distorted by transmission function of some random transporting medium (for instance, of multimode fiber) one has to deal with the hologram recorded by two waves both of them being speckled ones. In this case, the traditional holography (Gabor’s holography) based on the principle of “supporting"(when one of the two writing waves is considered to be plane wave against the background of other, I1 E3 =const E3) turns out to be practically unacceptable.

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Ran, Hongjuan, Xianwu Luo, Hongyuan Xu, Wen Luo et Junqi Peng. « Parameter Selection of Fluid Dynamic Sealing for a Submersible Slurry Pump ». Dans ASME 2006 2nd Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting Collocated With the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2006-98197.

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In the case of slurry pumps, mechanical seal is usually used. It is well known that the pump is very dangerous if any solid particle enters the seal. Nowadays, people prefer to install a fluid dynamic sealing including 1 or 2 sets of minor vanes and an auxiliary impeller rather than using high-pressure cleaning water in a slurry pump. However, if a fluid dynamic sealing is not designed properly, the mechanical seal is apt to be destroyed by the invading solid particle, and the slurry pump axes is worn seriously and rapidly. Though there are few empirical methods for designing a fluid dynamic sealing, the definite design concept is much deficiency. In the present work, the geometry selection of the fluid dynamic sealing for a submersible slurry pump is carried out so as to establish the basic principle for a fluid dynamic sealing design. The model pump is of centrifugal type, and has the specific speed of 136 m·m3/min·rpm. In order to validate the design concept, three dimensional turbulent flow in the pump was simulated. The total pump channel including inlet pipe, impeller with attached minor vane set, volute casing, and auxiliary impeller is treated as the calculation domain. The mesh grid is more than 2,000,000 nodes. The numerical simulation has been conducted by using a commercial code Fluent v6.1.2. To see the effect of minor vanes and auxiliary impeller geometrical parameters on the sealing performance, we change vane number, vane height, and radius of the minor vanes and auxiliary impeller, flow-rate of sealing water, etc. Based on the numerical results, a set of favorable geometrical parameters of the fluid dynamic sealing was selected for a submersible slurry pump. It is noted that the pump with the newly designed fluid dynamic sealing had been successfully applied for actual operation in the Yellow River sand transportation system in Shandong province, China.

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Babarit, Aure´lien, Jorgen Hals, Adi Kurniawan, Torgeir Moan et Jorgen Krokstad. « Power Absorption Measures and Comparisons of Selected Wave Energy Converters ». Dans ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49360.

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In this study, a selection of Wave Energy Converters (WECs) with different working principle is considered. It comprises a heaving device reacting against the seabed, a heaving self-reacting two-bodies device, a pitching device, and a floating OWC device. They are inspired by concepts which are currently under development. For each of these concepts, a numerical Wave To Wire (W2W) model is derived. Numerical estimates of the energy delivery which one can expect are derived using these numerical models on a selection of wave site along the European coast. This selection of wave site is thought to be representative with levels of mean annual wave power from 15 to 88 kW/m. Using these results, the performance of each WEC is assessed not only in terms of yearly energy output, but also in terms of yearly absorbed energy/displacement, yearly absorbed energy/wetted surface, and yearly absorbed energy per unit significant Power Take Off force. By comparing these criteria, one gets a better idea of the advantages and drawbacks of each of the studied concepts.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Selection and european principles"

Szekely, Pedro. First Principles Selection of Social Media Visualizations. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, février 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada582097.

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Führ, Martin, Julian Schenten et Silke Kleihauer. Integrating "Green Chemistry" into the Regulatory Framework of European Chemicals Policy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, juillet 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627727.

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20 years ago a concept of “Green Chemistry” was formulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner, aiming at an ambitious agenda to “green” chemical products and processes. Today the concept, laid down in a set of 12 principles, has found support in various arenas. This diffusion was supported by enhancements of the legislative framework; not only in the European Union. Nevertheless industry actors – whilst generally supporting the idea – still see “cost and perception remain barriers to green chemistry uptake”. Thus, the questions arise how additional incentives as well as measures to address the barriers and impediments can be provided. An analysis addressing these questions has to take into account the institutional context for the relevant actors involved in the issue. And it has to reflect the problem perception of the different stakeholders. The supply chain into which the chemicals are distributed are of pivotal importance since they create the demand pull for chemicals designed in accordance with the “Green Chemistry Principles”. Consequently, the scope of this study includes all stages in a chemical’s life-cycle, including the process of designing and producing the final products to which chemical substances contribute. For each stage the most relevant legislative acts, together establishing the regulatory framework of the “chemicals policy” in the EU are analysed. In a nutshell the main elements of the study can be summarized as follows: Green Chemistry (GC) is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Besides, reaction efficiency, including energy efficiency, and the use of renewable resources are other motives of Green Chemistry. Putting the GC concept in a broader market context, however, it can only prevail if in the perception of the relevant actors it is linked to tangible business cases. Therefore, the study analyses the product context in which chemistry is to be applied, as well as the substance’s entire life-cycle – in other words, the six stages in product innovation processes): 1. Substance design, 2. Production process, 3. Interaction in the supply chain, 4. Product design, 5. Use phase and 6. After use phase of the product (towards a “circular economy”). The report presents an overview to what extent the existing framework, i.e. legislation and the wider institutional context along the six stages, is setting incentives for actors to adequately address problematic substances and their potential impacts, including the learning processes intended to invoke creativity of various actors to solve challenges posed by these substances. In this respect, measured against the GC and Learning Process assessment criteria, the study identified shortcomings (“delta”) at each stage of product innovation. Some criteria are covered by the regulatory framework and to a relevant extent implemented by the actors. With respect to those criteria, there is thus no priority need for further action. Other criteria are only to a certain degree covered by the regulatory framework, due to various and often interlinked reasons. For those criteria, entry points for options to strengthen or further nuance coverage of the respective principle already exist. Most relevant are the deltas with regard to those instruments that influence the design phase; both for the chemical substance as such and for the end-product containing the substance. Due to the multi-tier supply chains, provisions fostering information, communication and cooperation of the various actors are crucial to underpin the learning processes towards the GCP. The policy options aim to tackle these shortcomings in the context of the respective stage in order to support those actors who are willing to change their attitude and their business decisions towards GC. The findings are in general coherence with the strategies to foster GC identified by the Green Chemistry & Commerce Council.

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Lovyanova, I. V. On Specific Character of Mathematical Education Content Selection at Subject-Specialised School. [б. в.], 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/2377.

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The article dwells upon the issues of mathematics teaching as a subject training organisational process. Historical principles and tendencies concerning subject-specialised school creation in particular as well as Russian and soviet school practice are analysed in the article. Experience of differentiation process on the high stage of school education in such countries as France, Japan and the USA has been investigated. The main functions of a subject matter mastering conception at high school have been pointed out. Mathematical education is considered to be the principal component of comprehensive education as well as the factor influencing the quality of education at a higher educational establishment on the whole run. The peculiarities of mathematical education content at a subject-specialised school in different directions of mathematical training have been illuminated in the article along with the deep consideration of succession problem of both secondary comprehensive and higher school educational processes correspondingly, which, in their turn, are regarded as the possible ways of education quality improvement in terms of higher educational establishment (HEE). The constructional principles of educational courses in various mathematical subjects are defined in the article.

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Grubb, Michael. Navigating the crises in European energy : Price Inflation, Marginal Cost Pricing, and Principles for Electricity Market Redesign in an Era of Low-Carbon Transition. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp191.

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The energy crisis engulfing Europe is a crisis of both gas and electricity markets, with huge cost impacts on consumers across all European countries. In Britain, half of typical household energy expenditure arises from electricity. This paper examines how the cost of gas-powered generation feeds through to electricity bills, on the principle of marginal cost pricing, setting the price for most of the time though it accounts for only about 40% of GB generation. Combined with the steep decline in wind and solar costs over the past decade, this has resulted in an unprecedented degree of ‘cost inversion’ in the electricity system. We offer estimates of the increase of revenues across the wholesale market, and outline five principles for reform for addressing the combined challenges of energy costs and accelerating low-carbon transition.

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Motel-Klingebiel, Andreas, et Gerhard Naegele. Exclusion and inequality in late working life in the political context of the EU. Linköping University Electronic Press, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789179293215.

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European societies need to increase the participation in work over the life course to support the provision of qualified labour and to meet the challenges for social security systems under the condition of their ageing populations. One of the key ambitions is to extend people’s working lives and to postpone labour market exit and retirement where possible. This requires informed policies, and the research programme EIWO – ‘Exclusion and Inequality in Late Working Life: Evidence for Policy Innovation towards Inclusive Extended Work and Sustainable Working Conditions in Sweden and Europe’ – aims to push the boundaries of knowledge about late working life and the potential of its inclusive and equal prolongation via a theoretically driven, gender-sensitive combination of multi-level perspectives. EIWO takes a life course approach on exclusion and inequality by security of tenure, quality of work, workplaces, and their consequences. It identifies life course policies, promoting lifelong learning processes and flexible adaptation to prolong working lives and to avoid increased exclusion and inequality. Moreover, it provides evidence for policies to ensure both individual, company and societal benefits from longer lives. To do so, EIWO orientates its analyses systematically to the macro-political contexts at the European Union level and to the policy goals expressed in the respective official statements, reports and plans. This report systematizes this ambitious approach. Relevant documents such as reports, green books and other publications of the European Commission (EC), the European Parliament (EP), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), as well as those of social partners and research institutions, have been systematically scanned and evaluated. In addition, relevant decisions of European summits have been considered. The selection of documents claims completeness regarding relevant and generally available publication, while relevance is defined from the point of view of EIWO’s interests. It is the aim of this report to provide a sound knowledge base for EIWO’s analyses and impact strategies and to contribute to the emerging research on the connection between population ageing and the European policies towards productivity, inclusiveness, equity, resilience and sustainability. This report aims to answer the following questions: How are EIWO’s conceptual classification and programme objectives reflected in the European Union’s policy programming? How can EIWO’s analyses and impact benefit from a reference to current EU policy considerations, and how does this focus support the outline of policy options and the formulating of possible proposals to Swedish and European stakeholders? The present report was written during early 2022; analyses were finalized in February 2022 and represent the status until this date.

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Vestergaard, Jakob, et Daniela Gabor. Central Banks Caught Between Market Liquidity and Fiscal Disciplining : A Money View Perspective on Collateral Policy. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, décembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp170.

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Despite much attention to unconventional monetary policies after the financial crisis, the collateral policies of central banks are rarely discussed. And when they are, the haircuts applied to assets pledged to access central bank liquidity tend not to be analyzed. An exception to these trends is the recent work by Nyborg (2017), who argues that the collateral policies adopted by the European Central Bank (ECB) aggravated the sovereign debt crisis and put the survival of the euro at risk. Taking our point of departure in the money view literature (Mehrling 2011), we argue however that Nyborg’s critique of the ECB’s crisis response is misguided and that his proposal to deepen and reinforce the ECBs role in the fiscal disciplining of member states would be procyclical and destabilizing. Through our analysis of Nyborg’s work and the ECBs crisis response, we identify core principles for countercyclical collateral policies suitable for market-based financial systems.

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Korotun, Olha V., Tetiana A. Vakaliuk et Vladimir N. Soloviev. Model of using cloud-based environment in training databases of future IT specialists. [б. в.], juillet 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3865.

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The authors substantiates and develops the model of using cloud-based environment (CBE) in the training of databases of future information technology (IT) specialists, which consists of interrelated units: target (purpose, task of using CBE), conceptual (pedagogical approaches, didactic principles), organizational and semantic (characteristics of CBE, basic requirements for CBE, subjects of training, CBE of the teacher, CBE of the student, curricula of institution of higher education, educational-methodical complex of discipline “Databases”, installation and configuration of database management system, development of educational material from the database in electronic form, selection of cloud-based systems of distance learning, introduction of cloud-based systems of distance learning in the training of students’ databases, selection of CBE in database training (databases, forms, methods, tools), evaluative (criteria, indicators, levels of professional and practical competence of future IT specialists on the use of CBE in database training), effective (increased formation of the information and communication technologies of future IT specialists on the use of CBE in database training).

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Lin, Zhijuan, Xing Chen, Long Liu, Zhifeng Li et Bing Xu. Chemo-Free Treatments in Relapsed and/or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma : A Network Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0111.

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Review question / Objective: FL is the most common indolent B cell lymphoma worldwide and patients with FL always have long term survival. However, advanced FL remains incurable and there is no universal agreement on optimal regimen to manage relapsed FL. Condition being studied: The efficacy of chemo-free regimens, including CD20 antibodies and targeted agents, in relapsed and/or refractory Follicular lymphoma. Information sources: We used the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to search the RCTs met our selection criteria. We also searched clinicalTrials.gov and the international clinical trial registry platform for completed and ongoing trials. In addition, we searched abstracts that published on American Society of Hematology (ASH), The European Hematology Association (EHA) or American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) meetings.

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Cain, Rachel Louise, Marcus Goll, Tyler Hood, Colton Lauer, Matthew McDonough, Brett Miller, Shea Pearson, Scott Rodriguez et Travis Riley. Groundwater Laws and Regulations : A Preliminary Survey of Thirteen U.S. States (First Edition). Sous la direction de Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, août 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.usstategroundwaterlaws.2017.

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This report presents preliminary results of a study investigating the groundwater laws and regulations of thirteen U.S. states. The purpose of the project is eventually to compile and present the groundwater laws and regulations of every state in the United States that could then be used in a series of comparisons of groundwater governance principles, strategies, issues, and challenges. Professor Gabriel Eckstein at Texas A&M University School of Law and Professor Amy Hardberger at Saint Mary’s University Law School developed a matrix to ascertain chief components and characteristics of the groundwater legal regime of each state. Student researchers then used the matrix to respond to a standardized set of questions about the groundwater laws and regulations of a selection of states. Before continuing with assessments of the remaining states, Professors Eckstein and Hardberger present in this report the results developed thus far, and now seek feedback about the overall project, including its objectives, methodology, and preliminary results.

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Torres-Mancera, Rocio, Carlos de las Heras-Pedrosa, Carmen Jambrino-Maldonado et Patricia P. Iglesias-Sanchez. Public Relations and the Fundraising professional in the Cultural Heritage Industry : a study of Spain and Mexico / Las relaciones públicas y el profesional de la captación de fondos en la industria del patrimonio cultural : un estudio de España y México. Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas, juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5783/rirp-21-2021-03-27-48.

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The present research aims to understand the current situation of strategic communication and public relations applied in the professional field of fundraising in the cultural heritage environment. It observes the current patterns used in the sector to obtain and generate long-term sustainable funding, through the stimulation of investors and International Cooperation projects from the European Union in line with UNESCO. Two international case studies are compared: Spain and Mexico, through the selection of territorial samples in Malaga and San Luis Potosi. The methodology used is based on a combination of in-depth interviews with key informants and content analysis. In the first instance, the degree of application of communication and public relations tools for strategic purposes to directly attract economic resources to the management of cultural heritage (tangible and intangible) in the region is studied. In line with the results obtained, the current parameters and key indicators of the profile of the fundraising professional in public and private cultural management are presented.

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