Thèses sur le sujet « Seeking Social Support »
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1
Minton, Brandon. « Examining Social Support Seeking Online ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103264.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Research across healthcare and organizational settings demonstrates the importance of social support to increase physical and mental well-being. However, the process of seeking social support is less well-understood than its outcomes. Specifically, research examining how people seek social support in natural settings is scarce. One natural setting increasingly used by people to seek support is the internet. In this online setting, people seek and provide social support verbally via social media platforms and messages. The present project seeks to further examine the nature of social support seeking in these online contexts by examining people’s language. This analysis includes discovering the common language features of social support seeking. By applying a data-driven content analysis approach, this research can examine the underlying themes present when seeking social support and build upon that insight to classify new instances of support seeking. These results would have important practical implications for occupational health. By identifying individuals who are seeking social support, future interventions will be able to take a more targeted approach in lending additional support to those individuals who have the greatest need. Subsequently, this application potentially provides the mental and physical health benefits of social support. Therefore, this research extends our knowledge of both the nature of support seeking and how to develop effective interventions.M.S.
Research suggests that social support has important effects on our mental and physical health. To this point, though, the process of seeking social support has largely been neglected in research. Specifically, there hasn’t been much research on how social support is sought online. We know that people seek social support online by posting and messaging on social media. The present study seeks to examine the language of online support seeking—this way, we can understand what people tend to say when seeking support. The present study is concerned with the content of support seeking posts; by analyzing this content, we can understand themes that are prevalent in online support seeking. This allows us to better understand support seeking and, hopefully, better identify people in need of support. By identifying those people in need of support, we can ensure that their support needs are met and that they don’t suffer the health consequences related to a lack of social support. Therefore, this research extends our knowledge of social support seeking, both theoretically and practically.
2
Gonzalez, Liana Christine. « Social support as an influential factor in treatment-seeking ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2842.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study was conducted using a quantitative design and statistical analysis to determine the extent to which social support will influence an individual's decision to seek treatment for a medical illness. Main findings include significant correlations between measures of perceived and tangible social support and treatment compliance.
3
Corner, Ann-Marie. « Bereavement : early experience, perceived social support and help-seeking behaviour ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295909.
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Lo, Suk-yee. « Social support, personality trait, and sex differences in psychiatric help-seeking ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29653095.
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Johnson, Michelle Lorraine 1967. « The seeking of social support from same- and cross-sex friends ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288734.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Many studies have been conducted on the process of social support. However, very few of have focused on the seeking of that support. This paper utilized uncertainty reduction theory and facework in an investigation of who people turn to for social support and how it is obtained. Comparisons were made between men and women and between same- and cross-sex friends on the level of relational certainty, expectations for specific types of social support, the directness and amount of facework in support. The results suggests that men and women may be more alike than different. No gender differences were found and only one difference was found between same- and cross-sex friends. Specifically, a supplementary analysis using a subscale of the relational certainty measure revealed that same-sex friends are higher in general relational certain than cross-sex friends, but this difference did not emerge when same- and cross-sex friends were compared on certainty regarding the likelihood of receiving the needed social support. The results also suggest that relational characteristics such as the level of relational certainty play a role in determining who people are likely to seek out for social support and the messages they use to acquire the desired support.
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Canning, Victoria. « Transcending conflict : exploring sexual violence support for women seeking asylum in Merseyside ». Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6154/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Rape and sexual violence have long been acknowledged in feminist literature as a silenced social problem which requires long term strategies for prevention, prosecution and support. Social sciences more generally, however, have had a more ambivalent relationship with the theoretical and conceptual development of research in this area. Outside of feminist sociology and criminology there has been little engagement, yet sexual violence remains a prevalent social problem in all regions of the globe. The latter half of the twentieth century saw quick and significant changes to the structures of states as the result of localised and international conflicts, many of which continue or are experiencing post-conflict transformation that has resulted in global growths in refugee populations as a result of forced migration. Alongside this has been an increasing globalisation of rights based approaches related to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, the Geneva Convention of 1951 and the development of United Nations Resolutions and the establishment of the International Criminal Courts. Focussing on Merseyside as a case study, a main area of dispersal in the UK, this thesis critically examines domestic responses to women's asylum applications and support for women survivors of conflict related sexual violence. Using qualitative activist methodologies from a feminist standpoint perspective, it explores support available through interviews with local governmental and non-governmental organisations working within sexual violence support, asylum, and/or women's organisations before applying a structural analysis of long term impacts of sexual violence through an oral history with Hawwi, an Ethiopian rape survivor and asylum seeker in . . Merseyside. It concludes that, despite international developments, women's rights continue to lie marginalised in these arenas within and outside of academia. As such, important gaps in response exist with regard to sexual violence in conflict, but also in Merseyside. It concludes that, like rights based developments, considerations for applications continue to overlook the gendered experience of conflict, particularly with regard to the widespread perpetration of sexual violence. As such, limited resources for support exist for women survivors in Merseyside which can have detrimental effects on women's emotional, psychological and physical health as well as having wider social impacts beyond the individual.
7
Rankin, Sandra Renee. « Influence of Coping Styles on Social Support Seeking Among Cancer Patient Family Caregivers ». ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/908.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Family caregivers of cancer patients may enter a predeath grief cycle when their loved one is diagnosed with cancer. The emotional upheaval and accompanying stress that define predeath grief may lead to health problems for the caregiver, and also interfere with their ability to provide care for their loved one. The purpose of the present research was to examine the relationship between coping styles of family caregivers and the tendency of those caregivers to seek social support during active caregiving. This study employed a quantitative approach based on the revised coping theory and the process of bereavement, which is grounded in the transactional theory of stress and coping, to examine coping styles of family members who care for cancer patients. Family caregivers of current cancer patients (n=103) were recruited through e-mails, flyers, the Walden Participant Pool, public social networking sites, and websites to complete the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. A preliminary analysis indicated a normal data distribution and confirmed homoscedasticity and linearity. Through the use of multiple regression, correlations, and t tests, relationships between 7 coping styles and the tendency to seek support were explored. Results indicated that coping styles of confrontive coping, problem solving, and positive reappraisal were positive and significant predictors of the tendency to seek social support during active caregiving. However, coping styles of distancing, self-control, escape/avoidance, and taking responsibility were not significant predictors of seeking social support. Findings from this study can influence social change by promoting appropriate support interventions that appeal to family caregivers, regardless of their coping styles, in order to effectively support the physical and mental health of the caregiver population.
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Donlon, Katharine. « The Role of Social Support Seeking and Social Constraints on Psychological Outcomes After Trauma : A Social Cognitive Theory Perspective ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42688.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) posits that survivors of a traumatic event have the ability to influence their own outcomes and do so most aptly when they perceive they can exert control over their outcomes. Posttraumatic growth outcomes are associated with a greater perception of controllability, while posttraumatic stress outcomes can be related to the lack of perceived control. In the context of the Virginia Tech shootings, several social factors were examined three months after the trauma (T1) and one year later (T2) to further explore the dynamic interplay between these factors and psychological outcomes. Social support seeking was conceptualized as both a coping strategy (situational) and as a coping style (dispositional) and was hypothesized to predict greater growth outcomes, while social constraints were hypothesized to predict higher levels of posttraumatic stress outcomes. These variables were also examined as moderators of the relationship between perceived threat and psychological outcomes at both time points. As expected, dispositional social support seeking was negatively related to posttraumatic stress at T1, and positively related to posttraumatic growth at T1 and T2. Social constraints were positively related to posttraumatic stress at T1 and negatively related to posttraumatic growth at T1 and T2. Situational social support seeking served as a moderator for the relationship between perceived threat and posttraumatic stress at T1. Lower levels of situational social support seeking lessened the relationship between perceived threat and posttraumatic stress, while high levels of situational social support seeking exacerbated this relationship.Master of Science
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Rife, Sean Chandler. « Sexual Assault, Perceived Stigma, and Christian Fundamentalism : Understanding Support Seeking Among Victims ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1886.
Texte intégralRésumé :
For women, sexual assault is a widespread problem with numerous psychological consequences, yet many victims do not seek support. The present study investigates this lack of support seeking in the context of stigma. It is hypothesized that sexual assault victims who perceive themselves as stigmatized (due to their status as a sexual assault victim) will be less likely to seek support than those who do not perceive themselves as stigmatized. It is also hypothesized that Christian fundamentalism will play a role in the stigmatization of sexual assault victims, with higher degrees of fundamentalism being associated with greater likelihood of self-perceptions of stigmatization among sexual assault victims. Results indicate that there is a relationship between perceived stigma and certain support sources (clergy, parents, and other relatives), but this relationship is positive. The hypothesized relationship between Christian fundamentalism and perceived stigma was partially supported.
10
Pedersen, Hannah Corlin. « Examining the influence of perceived social support and unsupportive social interactions on PTSD and social support seeking behaviors in offline and online contexts in veterans ». Thesis, Washington State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3684793.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As service members return home from active duty, the number of veterans seeking attention for PTSD will likely increase. The manner in which society offers or denies support to veterans with PTSD is of utmost importance as they reintegrate into everyday civilian life. The collective support of family, friends, medical personnel, community members and organizations, broadly termed social support, is integral to the reintegration of veterans with PTSD. Among various aspects of social support, in this project, I examined the influence of Positive Social Support and Unsupportive Social Interactions and their relationship to PTSD and to seeking social support seeking behaviors in offline and online contexts. The findings from this study suggest that positive social support is associated with lower PTSD, whereas unsupportive negative interactions are associated with higher PTSD. Further, higher levels of seeking online and offline social support were associated with higher levels of PTSD. Moreover, those had online and offline behaviors were negatively correlated with social support, in essence suggesting the possibility that social support seeking behaviors are intended to make up for gaps in social support among veterans with elevated levels of PTSD. In summary, I argue that communication scholars and other social scientists should examine the role of social support on PTSD in veterans and with the increasing penetration of the Internet and new communication technologies, the comparative study of online social support compares to traditional face-to-face or peer-group support can be a rich area of study.
11
Bailey, Lisa Danielle. « Peer Victimization and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adolescents : Role of Social Support and Disclosure ». Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/212.
Texte intégralRésumé :
During adolescence, peer relationships become increasingly important in various aspects of development, such as self-esteem and emotional adjustment. Unfortunately, a number of adolescents experience peer victimization, placing them at increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems. Research has consistently demonstrated the link between peer victimization and poor outcomes. However, exploration of the mechanisms underlying this link, including potential buffers of negative outcomes, is needed. The current study examined social support as a moderator of the relationship between peer victimization and maladjustment in order to assess whether social support from adults and peers protects adolescents from developing emotional and/or behavioral problems. The current study also examined disclosure of victimization to explore the role of a specific type of enacted social support in the link between peer victimization and poor outcomes. Adolescents (N = 633) in grades 10 through 12 completed a background questionnaire, the Revised Peer Experiences Questionnaire, the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale, the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents, and the Youth Self-Report. Regression analyses were used to evaluate social support as a moderator of the relationship between peer victimization and internalizing and externalizing behaviors and to explore the role of disclosure. Overall, peer victimization predicted higher levels of social anxiety, anxiety/depression, and aggressive and delinquent behaviors. Strength and direction of moderation effects varied according to the type of peer victimization and source of social support and type of disclosure. The results of this study further our understanding of mechanisms underlying the link between peer victimization and maladjustment and can be used to inform prevention and intervention efforts.
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丹羽, 智美, et Tomomi NIWA. « 青年期の親への愛着によるソーシャル・サポート,サポート希求の差異とそのバランスの検討 : 父親,母親,友人に焦点をあてて ». 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/3192.
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Baydoun, Hind Ahmad Smith Elaine M. « Intimate partner violence, employment and social support among women seeking elective abortion services In Iowa ». [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/335.
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Read, Stuart Allen. « Dilemmas of stigma, support seeking, and identity performance in physical disability : a social identity approach ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18844.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Physically disabled people belong to a stigmatised group that is subject to negative societal stereotypes of incompetence and dependency on others. In order to maintain a positive sense of self, as well as receive needed support from others, physically disabled people need to continually navigate the stigma associated with disability. In so doing, they may face a number of dilemmas about how to express their disabled identity to others. The core argument of this thesis is that managing these identity dilemmas can have implications for support-seeking behaviour, as well as individual health and well-being. To develop this argument, this thesis aimed: first, to investigate the way in which physically disabled people experience their identity; second, to explore the role of stigma in shaping the experience and expression of identity among disabled individuals; and third, to elaborate a model of identity performance to describe how physically disabled people enact their identities in ways that navigate the twin concerns of stigma and accessing needed support. Before presenting a series of studies designed to address these aims, Chapters 1 through 3 explore the existing literature and develop the rationale for the present work. Chapter 1 presents a substantive review of previous research into stigma and physical disability. This review includes studies of general attitudes about disability and toward disabled individuals from the perspective of the non-disabled, and studies documenting the experience of stigmatisation from the perspective of disabled individuals themselves. Chapter 2 presents the social identity approach as a general framework for understanding identity in the context of stigma, and for theorising links between these processes and individual outcomes in terms of health and well-being. This chapter extends the basic social identity approach by incorporating recent thinking about identity performance, and considers the applicability of this to the disability context. Chapters 4 through 6 present the empirical work undertaken as part of this thesis. Chapter 4 provides a qualitative investigation of the ways in which people with cerebral palsy experience stigmatisation when accessing support. These experiences demonstrate individual awareness of stigma in support-seeking contexts and that this awareness is associated with felt pressures to perform one’s disabled identity in specific ways. In particular, respondents reported a tension between needing to be seen as sufficiently disabled in order to qualify for others’ support, but also the need to downplay feelings of difference from non-disabled people when accessing this support. Chapter 5 explores this tension further via a series of three connected quantitative studies. Using self-report data, these studies assessed how the salience of stigma as an issue (Study 2), and the salience of specific stigmatising audiences (healthcare providers, the general public, educators and employers; Studies 3 and 4) might promote changes in how physically disabled people enact their selves, and the implications of this for subjective feelings of health and well-being, and willingness to engage in support-seeking behaviour. The key finding from these studies is that the salience of specific audiences (but not the issues to which these connect) can activate expectations of stigma in the form of negative meta-stereotypes, and that these activated stereotypes shape the form and consequences of individual identity expressions. Healthcare providers were associated with especially negative stereotypes about disabled people, and these stereotypes undermined individual health and well-being as well as willingness to engage with support. Consistent with our identity-based analysis of these processes, individual differences in identification were found to play a role in modifying responses to these salient audiences and the meta-stereotypes these audiences activated in Studies 3 and 4. Finally, Chapter 6 presents a further qualitative investigation designed to build on the insights of the previous four studies. Specifically, Study 5 delves deeper into physically disabled people’s experiences of stigma when interacting with healthcare providers, educators and employers, the behavioural pressures they felt when doing so, and the strategies they engaged to deal with those pressures. When interacting with healthcare providers, participants discussed concerns about their deservingness for care potentially being questioned, and so sought to perform their identity in ways that demonstrated their legitimacy or need for support. When interacting with educators and employers, participants were instead concerned about being devalued in terms of their competence, and so sought to demonstrate their identity in ways that amplified their capabilities. However, in enacting these performances, participants noted the possible negative implications these behaviours had for how they personally viewed themselves (and wanted to be viewed by others). In this sense, Study 5 demonstrated that disabled people face dilemmas in negotiating demands from their audience, while also attempting to maintain a positive view of their self. In the concluding Chapter 7, a final discussion is completed in which the results from the five studies are reviewed and integrated, and the theoretical and practical contributions this work are noted.
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Baydoun, Hind Ahmad. « Intimate partner violence, employment and social support among women seeking elective abortion services In Iowa ». Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/335.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a major public health issue worldwide. The purpose of this dissertation is to characterize violence perpetrated by an intimate partner against a "high-risk" group of pregnant women who sought elective abortion services at a family planning clinic. Analyses were based on the Iowa Women's Health Experience Survey (IWHES), a cross-sectional study of 519 abortion patients who completed an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire over a period of seven months. IWHES eligibility criteria were 'Seeking pregnancy termination'; 'Age ≥ 18 years'; 'Iowa resident' and 'Fluent in English or Spanish'. The survey instrument covered physical, sexual and psychological types of violence, health correlates of violence as well as demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics of participating women and their current intimate partners. Aim I examined the prevalence of physical, sexual and/or psychological abuse by employment characteristics of elective abortion patients and their current intimate partners. Aim II examined associations of substance use, depression and social support with physical, sexual and/or psychological abuse perpetrated by current intimate partners against women seeking pregnancy termination. To achieve the analytic goals of Aims I and II, the study sample was restricted to women who had a current partner and valid IPV data. The overall prevalence of physical, sexual and/or psychological abuse perpetrated by a current partner was 12.3%, with some overlap between the different IPV sub-types. In general, the prevalence of IPV did not differ significantly by employment status or by broadly defined occupational groups of women and their partners. However, a trend was noted whereby a woman's employment and a partner's unemployment were associated with greater likelihood of IPV. Specifically, the prevalence of IPV was highest among couples where the woman was employed and the partner was unemployed. Consistently positive associations were noted between the partner's (but not the woman's) substance use indicators (alcohol intake, binge drinking, recreational drug use) and IPV. Higher levels of depressive symptoms and less perceived availability of social support were noted among women who had experienced IPV versus those who had not experienced IPV. The association between depressive symptoms and IPV was stronger for women who reported having children in their homes compared to those did not report having children in their homes. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.
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Henderson, Ellen. « Information and support seeking for teenagers in pain : the role of the Internet ». Thesis, University of Bath, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.600213.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Health care providers see patient information provision as one objective they must meet in an endeavour to provide good patient care. Received wisdom suggests that the more information a patient has available to them about their illness, its progression and treatment, the better their healthcare will be (Suzuki & Calzo, 2004; Information Strategy Team & Department for Health, 2010). However, this may not be the case. Some studies have shown that certain patients may not want information on their disease and patients may differ in the types of information they find most helpful depending in their information processing style (Miller, Fang, Diefenbach, & Bales, 2001; Suzuki & Calzo, 2004). In contrast, others may prefer certain types of information depending on the ways in which they cope with illness (Seale, Ziebland, & Charteris-Black, 2006) and the ways in which they process information once they have access to it (Caes, Vervoort, Eccleston, & Goubert, 2012; Eysenbach, Powell, Englesakis, Rizo, & Stern, 2004). One common source of information is through peer-to-peer interactions especially in hospital waiting rooms and ward areas, as these provide patients with the means to access others suffering from similar problems and ask to about their lives (Miller et al., 2001). However, in the digital age the internet is now emerging as the primary medium for both information gathering and peer-to-peer interactions of patient groups (Eysenbach et al., 2004). At present we know very little about how children use this mode of information gathering and support seeking in order to cope with illness, and more specifically with pain. At the very least the change of what we mean by space and place online alters the ways in which children may communicate with each other (Fox, Morris, & Rumsey, 2007). In this PhD thesis I begin, in chapter one by reviewing what limited research has been carried out on child pain information seeking. In chapter two, the first empirical study assesses what children who seek information and support online find when they search. This study is a content analysis of pain websites found by using search terms generated by teenagers. The second empirical study, in chapter three, assesses how adolescents access and use this information in the context of their wider pain coping. A questionnaire is utilised to assess these coping mechanisms. The third empirical study assesses what frequent users of the internet think of online health information. I accessed frequent users of the internet through an online message board Let’s Chat Pain. In the development of this message board a number of key ethical and methodological issues were brought to light and this study presented a solution to many of these issues. A paper describing some of the solutions presented by this case is presented in chapter four followed by the results of the study itself in chapter five. The final study assesses what impedes non-users of online health information and support in a focus group of non-users of online information and support in chapter six. The final chapter, chapter seven will draw some conclusions of the thesis.
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Gordon, Elizabeth Amy. « Social Anxiety and Communication in Intimate Relationships : Identifying Core Challenges while Navigating Conflict and Seeking Support ». Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/221682.
Texte intégralRésumé :
PsychologyPh.D.
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most prevalent psychological disorders and one that is particularly disruptive of social relationships. Socially anxious individuals often have trouble forming and maintaining intimate relationships, as evidenced by a high divorce rate and low relationship satisfaction within existing relationships. However, little is known about the specific reasons why relationships involving socially anxious individuals suffer. Initial research suggests that such relationships may be characterized by lower levels of emotional intimacy and difficulties managing and resolving conflict. The current study aimed to detect specific problems socially anxious individuals have communicating with their partners during conflict and support-seeking conversations. Male (n = 50) and female (n = 57) undergraduates ("actors") and their intimate partners ("partners") completed two videotaped conversations in our laboratory. One conversation featured a topic of conflict within the relationship, whereas the other focused on a personal problem experienced by the actor. Outcomes of interest included level of engagement and expressiveness of the actor, presence of positive (e.g., humor) and negative (e.g., withdrawal) communication behavior by the actor, feelings of satisfaction and closeness of both partners, and emotions experienced by both partners. We hypothesized that social anxiety would be associated with lower levels of engagement and expressiveness overall, but especially during conflict. Further, we hypothesized that those higher on social anxiety would demonstrate more negative communication behavior (such as expressing hostility toward their partners) during conflict. Results provided some evidence that socially anxious individuals were less engaged and expressive when speaking with their partners. However, there was no evidence that they used more negative communication behaviors. Our hypothesis that social anxiety would be associated with greater difficulty during conflict had minimal support; rather, conversations in which the actor elicited support appeared to be the most difficult for socially anxious individuals, particularly when emotional experience was considered. Clinical implications and ideas for further research are explored.
Temple University--Theses
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Southern, Kristina. « A psycho-educational support group for transgender and gender variant adolescents seeking resources A grant proposal ». Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527755.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this project was to develop a potential psycho-education group for trans gender and gender variant (TGV) adolescents in need of services based on the most recent literature. A search for a funder was conducted using the Long Beach Nonprofit Partnership Library and the local LGBTQ Center of Long Beach. The grant-funded support group will target TGV adolesents age 13 to 17 in need of resources including, but not limited to a safer environment, social and medial transition support, legal aid, and mental health support. The goals of the project include increased support, increased mental health, and increased community outreach. The actual submission and funding of this grant was not a requirement for the successful completion of the thesis project.
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Lewis, Celia Ann. « Reported social support seeking behaviour of fathers of elementary school aged children diagnosed with learning difficulties ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28104.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Using Q-technique, 15 fathers of children diagnosed with severe learning disabilities, sorted 41 statements concerning use of their potential formal and informal social network members. Additional demographic and descriptive data, and scores from the Perceived Social Support scales (Family, Friends), were used to analyze the possible effects of a number of variables on fathers' sorting patterns.
Fathers reported their spouse as their primary source of support/information, and child's immediate school personnel as their secondary resource. Subdividing fathers into perceived-High and perceived-Low support groups indicated that the Low subgroup reported their spouse as their most significant social contact; also, that contacting School Board personnel was a somewhat more usual behaviour than for the High subgroup.
As spousal support was clearly primary, fathers were also subgrouped according to their wives' employment, and thus their availability for support. Comparisons indicated fathers with working wives were more likely to report going to their informal intimate network (family, friends, spouse's family) and, to be notably more active in contacting various school personnel involved in their children's school difficulties. Fathers with at-home wives appeared to follow more traditional patterns of social interactions, with less school contact behaviour reported.
Fathers differed on several demographics when subgrouped according to whether their target child was first-born, or subsequent-born (2nd or 3rd). First-born children were younger, were more likely to be enrolled in regular classes at present, and their mothers were more likely to be working. Additional data showed that 14 of the 15 target children were boys, and that the families had predominantly male children in total (28 of 32), an unexpected finding.
Future research directions are discussed. In order to utilize fathers in the children's educational programme, suggestions axe pointed out for various school personnel, from the home room teacher to school board administrators.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
20
Brinkman, Kim. « Experiences of living with a visible difference and social support among individuals seeking appearance-altering surgery ». Thesis, University of East London, 2010. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3685/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study explored the psychosocial experiences of living with a visible difference and social support among individuals seeking appearance-altering surgery. Appearance-altering surgery is a common intervention for individuals with visible differences and research is important for helping services better understand and respond to the experiences of service users. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, including questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Participants were recruited from a Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery department within an NHS Trust Hospital during a five-month period. 11 participants who met the inclusion criteria for the study completed questionnaires. Due to the small sample, it was only possible to conduct a descriptive analysis of the questionnaire data; this indicated variation between participants' experiences of living with a visible difference and social support. Eight participants who completed questionnaires also participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyse interview data. Findings from the thematic analysis are presented in terms of four main themes and 11 sub-themes. These suggested appearance-related thoughts and feelings are triggered by particular circumstances, including when people reacted to participants' visible differences and when participants thought that people might react. Participants attempted to manage appearance-related concerns and difficulties through concealment, social avoidance and seeking surgery. Participants described barriers to accessing support from others, such as concerns about the risks associated with talking to others and the view that visible difference is a problem with physical appearance that cannot be resolved through social support. Despite barriers, participants valued some forms of social support, including others looking beyond their visible difference, support being available when needed, understanding from others regarding their experiences of living with a visible difference and seeking surgery and finally, affirmation of the decision to seek surgery. These findings are sample-specific and cannot be generalised to other populations. However, the considerable variation between participants' experiences suggests that plastic surgery services need to tailor assessments and interventions to the diverse needs of their service-users. The findings are discussed with reference to previous theory and research. Clinical and research implications are considered.
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Keenan, Lisa A. « Family Environment, Social Support, and Psychological Distress of Women Seeking BRCA1 and BRCA2 Genetic Mutation Testing ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3240/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Shared characteristics and predictors of psychological distress are beginning to be identified in research on women seeking genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. This study further explored patterns of psychological distress for 51 community women waiting to receive such genetic test results. There was no significant relationship between psychological distress and family cancer history, personal cancer history, social support networks, and family environment. Women in this sample tended to rely more on females and relatives for support than males and friends. Social support satisfaction was not related to gender or number of relatives providing support. Thirty-four of the 36 women classified on the family environment type were from Personal Growth-Oriented families. Comparisons with normal and distressed family means revealed increased cohesion and expressiveness with decreased conflict, indicative of supportive family environments. Limitations and implications are discussed.
22
Nolte, Anna E. « To Whom It May Concern : Support-Seeking within Letters of Stigmatized College Students in the Southeast U.S ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/310.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Individuals with stigmatized identities have been shown to have more negative health outcomes and shorter life expectancy than individuals who don’t carry a stigmatized label. One factor that acts as a buffer to protect stigmatized individuals against negative outcomes is support. However, how an individual seeks support can have an impact on whether they receive it. This study attempted to discover if the anticipation of either acceptance or rejection affected the type of support-seeking present in letters written by college students with either concealable or visible stigmatized identities. Results indicated stigmatized individuals displayed significantly more indirect support seeking in their letters when they were in the rejection condition compared to those in the acceptance condition. No significant condition or stigma type differences were found when examining seeking behaviors with a quantitative survey. However, a posthoc analysis revealed a significant interaction between stigma type and condition for indirect support-seeking. Those with a visible stigma reported more indirect seeking in the acceptance condition.
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Rife, Sean Chandler. « Social support seeking in response to stress : Person-level moderators, contextual factors, and the role of online venues ». Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1405976151.
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Duchsherer, Amy Elaine. « Latching on to Information : Effects of Information-Seeking Behavior on Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy ». Diss., North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31748.
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Recommendations on breastfeeding in the United States suggest that infants should be exclusively breastfed for six months with continued breastfeeding in conjunction with complementary foods for at least one year. However, only 22.30% of women are exclusively breastfeeding when their infant reaches the age of six months, which indicates the existence of barriers hindering prolonged breastfeeding. In this study, I consider the factors related to information-seeking behavior that may influence breastfeeding rates. Specifically, I focus on the relationship between the sources a woman selects to receive information about breastfeeding and her level of breastfeeding self-efficacy, which has been shown to be a significant predictor of breastfeeding success. A sample of 222 breastfeeding women was recruited for participation in this study. Participants completed a mixed-methods survey, and the results of the survey were analyzed using applied thematic analysis, correlation, and regression analysis. Women who participated in this study used non-expert online information sources most frequently when searching for information related to breastfeeding. Criteria women used most frequently when choosing an information source included source affordances (e.g., convenience and quickness), information characteristics (e.g., variety of information and information quality), and source characteristics (e.g., source expertise). Hypotheses for this study posited a relationship between source characteristics (i.e., expertise, trustworthiness, goodwill, and social support) and breastfeeding self-efficacy; all hypotheses were supported, and expertise, trustworthiness, goodwill, and social support were found to have a significant positive relationship with breastfeeding self-efficacy. Source expertise was found to be the strongest predictor of breastfeeding self-efficacy among those that were measured for this study; however, it is not an individual significant predictor when modeled alongside the remaining source characteristics. Implications of this study stress the importance of access to quality information related to breastfeeding and continued research on the development of breastfeeding self-efficacy in various demographic populations and over the span of a breastfeeding relationship.
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Särnholm, Josefin, et Sebghati Nathalie Lidgren. « SOCIAL SUPPORT AND MENTAL HEALTH AMONG PAKISTANI WOMEN EXPOSED TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE ». Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Psychology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-37399.
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Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is highly prevalent in Pakistan. Social support is associated with a reduced risk for violence and adverse mental health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between social support and the occurrence of IPV and adverse mental health among Pakistani women exposed to IPV, along with exploring help-seeking behaviour using qualitative interviews. Data from a cross-sectional survey of 759 women, aged 25–60, were analyzed using logistic regression. The results demonstrated that informal social support was associated with fewer occurrences of all forms of IPV and less likelihood of adverse mental health when exposed to psychological violence, whereas formal social support was associated with more occurrences of all forms of IPV and more likelihood of adverse mental health when exposed to psychological violence. The qualitative result showed that fear of social stigma and low autonomy were, among others, obstacles for seeking help. Suggestions for future interventions include strengthening informal social networks and expanding formal resources, as well as raising awareness of IPV in order to address the issue.
This thesis was made possible by a Minor Field Study grant from the Swedish International Developmental Agency (SIDA) distributed by the department of Psychology at Stockholm University and we would like to express our gratitude for assisting us financially.
PhD project by Tazeen Saeed Ali, School of Nursing, Aga Khan University, called, “Living with violence in the home - a normal part of Pakistani women's life or a serious transgression of human rights.”
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Shacham, Enbal. « Self-reported psychological distress symptoms of individuals self-seeking HIV-related psychosocial support in Western Kenya ». [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3215184.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Applied Health Science, 2006.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-04, Section: B, page: 1959. Adviser: Michael D. Reece. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed June 20, 2007)."
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Moore, Chan. « Effects of Social Support on Health-Seeking Behaviors Among African-American Men Who Have Sex With Men ». ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4975.
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The rate of HIV/AIDS infections among African American men who have sex with men (MSM) is alarming. There has been a challenge in reducing HIV/AIDS among the African American MSM population due to internal and external factors that affect their decision making. The theory of social support and reasoned action were applied to gain knowledge on the lived experiences and perceptions of African American MSM as related to social support and seeking health care, which can help fight the heavy impact HIV/AIDS has placed on this population. Data was collected from 14 African American men who openly identified as MSM. Following the in-depth face-to-face interviews, themes were developed using Miles and Huberman's 6-step analytical process to gather a better understanding from this population's perspective. The participants' responses yielded that, although they felt support should come from family, most judgement came daily from family. Participants indicated that judgement tended to cause them to shy away and hide their sexuality from family and turn to people who were more like themselves whom they could trust. Social support has an impact on positive behaviors and choices as related to health among the African American MSM population. Social support can encourage regular testing among this population as well as provide comfort in discussing risky behaviors to ones' health. Knowing ones' health status helps promote HIV/AIDS awareness which helps decrease the prevalence of HIV/AIDS within the African American MSM population as a whole.
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Miraudo, Amanda. « Big boys don't cry : understanding barriers to seeking support for mental health problems among adolescent males ». Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2003. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1307.
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This study explored the possible barriers encountered by adolescents in developing and achieving positive mental health. Male adolescents in Perth, Western Australia were consulted in an attempt to provide insight into the motivating and inhibiting factors influencing help-seeking as a coping strategy. Barriers to seeking help for mental health problems were investigated through the inductive process of grounded theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) to obtain a more detailed understanding of help-seeking than previous studies have provided; The study found that the coping responses most frequently enacted by the adolescent males sampled included avoidance, diversion, and private resolution. Help-seeking was far less frequently enacted, and was suggested to be the course of last resort. The primary barrier to help-seeking was found to be the interviewees' fear of feeling and appearing incompetent in successfully enacting the traditional male role. This primary barrier appeared to stem from the interviewees' socialised perceptions of the ideal male, their perceptions of available help-sources, and their perceptions of those with mental ill-health. These factors thus constitute possible barriers faced by male adolescents in achieving positive mental health and provide insights into key areas that need to be addressed in social marketing strategies. In addition, practical information and recommendations are directed towards adolescents, parents, and educators.
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Al-Rowaie, Odah O. « Predictors of Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Among Kuwait University Students ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30166.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this study was: (1) to investigate Kuwait University (KU) students'
attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help; and (2) to investigate if family, friends, and societal support played a role in the student's decision to seek professional psychological help as measured by the Family, Friends, and Societal Support Scale (FFSS), which was developed by the author. Other assessment tools used in the study included: (1) Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale (ATSPPHS) as developed by Fischer and Turner (1970); (2) Orientation Toward Utilization of Social Resources (OTUSR) as developed by Vaux, Burda, and Stewart (1986); (3) a modified Life Stress Events Scale (LSE) based on 18 items selected from the 43 items Social Readjustment Scale published by Holmes and Rahe (1967); and (4) Demographic Data Sheet (DDS). A total of 529 participants completed all five assessment tools. The results indicated that KU students have less favorable attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help than groups studied by other researchers. The results also supported previous research, which found females, in general, to have more favorable attitudes toward seeking professional help than males. Individuals who received previous counseling were more likely to have favorable attitudes toward seeking professional help than those who did not receive such help. Students who majored or minored in psychology had more favorable attitudes toward counseling than those who were not psychology majors or minors. The newly developed scale, FFSS, was an effective predictor of KU students' attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help and explained more variance in ATSPPHS scores than any other predictors used in the study.Ph. D.
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Bostwick, Richard. « University Student Support Systems, Help-Seeking Behaviour And The Management Of Student Psychological Distress ». Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1458.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The issue of student management and retention remains one of the most pertinent considerations for any university. In a climate of increasing awareness of mental and physical health issues, university policy development needs to adapt to ensure all students engage with and utilise support services effectively. It would appear that there are various influences on a student’s university experience, including learning abilities and styles, impact of life events and situations, for example, housing and finance, availability of support services and the ability of an individual to seek out appropriate help. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, in combination with the Health Belief Model can provide a strong foundation for universities to begin to understand why a student may not achieve their potential, or may depart prematurely. This theoretical interaction postulates how needs are determined and prioritised subsequently influences help-seeking behaviour. The application of this interaction assists with developing a picture of students who have ongoing issues, for example: housing, finance, and lack of family support, and how these issues can lead to problems with learning, achievement, and ultimately academic performance. The purpose of this thesis is concerned with seeking to understand how and why students access support services within the university setting, and whether the support services have an impact on the levels of psychological distress. This thesis was conducted in two phases, both collecting data through the use of surveys. Phase one, intended to collect information directly from support services concerning students who were accessing them, however, phase one did not achieve its aim due to lack of responses from support services. Phase two profiled the experience of students who have interacted with support services; this profile assisted in a review of relevant services including how the provision of university support services potentially affects student’s psychological distress. Results revealed a lack of data for measuring service outcomes, for example measures of psychological distress, which might impact on students’ ability to succeed at university. Recommendations were generated based on the discussion relating to the lack of phase one data and the phase two student profile, these recommendations aiming to enhance the ability of university systems to identify and promote effective help-seeking behaviour, and the efficacy of those systems in reducing psychological distress. The implications of this research include the potential for enhancing operational policies relating to student management and retention within Australian universities.
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Green, Amy. « Barriers and facilitating factors to high school students' school engagement ». [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003008.
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Engberg, Miranda. « Könsskillnader i socialt stöd : Att söka manligt respektive kvinnligt stöd ». Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-39765.
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Socialt stöd är ett etablerat begrepp som har undersökts främst i relation till stressreduktion och hälsa. I denna undersökning är syftet att få kännedom om skillnader mellan män och kvinnor i socialt stöd, samt undersöka om det sociala stödet generellt söks från män eller kvinnor. Deltagarna bestod av 113 studenter från en högskola i Mellansverige, varvid 76.6 % var kvinnor. Data inhämtades med Berlin Social Support Scale, samt genom egenutformade frågor beträffande vilket kön människor generellt vänder sig till vid sökande av socialt stöd. Envägs variansanalys för oberoende respektive beroende mätningar användes som analysmetod. Män och kvinnor upplevde samt sökte socialt stöd i lika stor utsträckning. Kvinnor upplevde däremot ett högre behov av stöd än män. Både män och kvinnor vände generellt sig till kvinnor vid sökande av socialt stöd. Slutsatsen som drogs var att kvinnor i högre grad tillskrivs egenskaper som korrelerar positivt med socialt stöd.
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Goatley, Elizabeth Michale. « A study of the impact of perceived individual stigma, social stigma and social support on treatment seeking behaviors of victims of sexual exploitation in Georgia ». DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2012. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/451.
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The issue of commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) is a growing problem within the United States of America. According to research by Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution, and Child Pornography, 300,000 CSEC children may live within the United States every year (United Nations Economic and Social Council, 1996). Other research by the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (1999) has estimated that the number of CSEC children may be increasing to around 300,000-500,000 per year. Research is lacking in providing more current statistics regarding the number of children being commercially sexually exploited due to the clandestine nature of the lifestyle. The CSEC population is described as an intricate network of pimps, johns, and child victims (Slavin, 2002; Dalla, Xia, & Kennedy, 2003; Gragg, Petta, Berstein, Eisen, & Quinn, 2007). The population is often created of children that are deemed homeless, thrownaways, or transient/migrant (Gragg, Petta, Berstein, Eisen, & Quinn, 2007) or have not been reported missing by those with guardianship. According to research by A Future Not A Past, a national organization to end child prostitution, most CSEC children enter “the Life” around 12-13 years of age (A Future Not A Past, 2009). This dissertation examines the impact of perceived individual stigma, perceived social stigma and social supports impact on treatment seeking behavior among victims of CSEC. Through a mixed methods study, fifty (50) participants were selected through snowball sampling to participate in the quantitative research agenda and ten (10) participated in in-depth interviews. The findings showed that 48% reported seeking treatment for CSEC and 76% stated they had strong social support systems. The qualitative analysis supported the position that victims of CSEC will seek treatment with the help of strong social support systems.
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Sundqvist, Johanna. « Forced repatriation of unaccompanied asylum-seeking refugee children : towards an interagency model ». Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och global hälsa, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-140166.
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Introduction Not all children seeking asylum without parents or other relatives are entitled to residence permits. In the last few years, more than one in four unaccompanied asylum-seeking refugee children have been forced to repatriate, either to their home country or to a transit country. Mostly the children refuse to leave the country voluntarily, and it becomes a forced repatriation. Five actors collaborate in the Swedish child forced repatriation process: social workers, staff at care homes, police officers, Swedish Migration Board officers and legal guardians. When a child is forced to repatriate, the Swedish workers involved must consider two different demands. The first demand requires dignified repatriation, which is incorporated from the European Union’s (EU’s) Return Directive into Swedish Aliens Act. The second demand requires that the repatriation process be conducted efficiently, which means that a higher number of repatriation cases must be processed. The fact that the same professionals have different and seemingly contradictory requirements places high demands on the involved collaborators. Two professionals have a legal responsibility for the children until the last minute before they leave Sweden: social workers and police officers. That makes them key actors in forced repatriation, as they carry most of the responsibility in the process. Further, they often work with children who are afraid what will happen when they return to their home country and often express their fear through powerful emotions. Being responsible and obliged to carry out the government’s decision, despite forcing children to leave a safe country, may evoke negative emotional and mental stress for the professionals involved in forced repatriation. Aim The overall aim of this study is to explore and analyse forced repatriation workers’ collaboration and perceived mental health, with special focus on social workers and police officers in the Swedish context. Materials and methods The study combines a qualitative and quantitative research design in order to shed light at both a deep and general level on forced repatriation. In qualitative substudy I, a qualitative case study methodology was used in one municipality in a middle-sized city in Sweden. The municipality had a contract regarding the reception of unaccompanied asylum-seeking refugee children iv with the Swedish Migration Board. The municipality in focus has a population of more than 100,000 inhabitants. The city in which the data were collected has developed a refugee reception system where unaccompanied asylumseeking refugee children are resettled and await a final decision regarding their permit applications. This situation made it possible to recruit participants who had worked with unaccompanied refugee children without a permit. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 20 social workers, staff at care homes, police officers, Swedish Migration Board officers and legal guardians. A thematic approach was used to analyse the data. In quantitative substudies II, III and IV, a national survey of social workers (n = 380) and police officers (n = 714), with and without experience of forced repatriation, was conducted. The questionnaires included sociodemographic characteristics, the Swedish Demand-Control Questionnaire, Interview Schedule for Social Interaction, Ways of Coping Questionnaire and the 12- item General Mental Health Questionnaire. Factor analysis, correlational analysis, and univariate and multivariable regression models were used to analyse the data. Results The qualitative results in substudy I showed low levels of collaboration among the actors (social workers, staff at care homes, police officers, Swedish Migration Board officers and legal guardians) and the use of different strategies to manage their work tasks. Some of them used a teamwork pattern, showing an understanding of the different roles in forced repatriation, and were willing to compromise for the sake of collaboration. Others tended to isolate themselves from interaction and acted on the basis of personal preference, and some tended to behave sensitively, withdraw and become passive observers rather than active partners in the forced repatriation. The quantitative results in substudy II showed that poorer mental health was associated with working with unaccompanied asylum-seeking refugee children among social workers but not among police officers. Psychological job demand was a significant predictor for mental health among social workers, while psychological job demand, decision latitude and marital status were predictors among police officers. Substudy III showed that both social workers and police officers reported relatively high access to social support. Furthermore, police officers working in forced repatriation with low levels of satisfaction with social interaction and close emotional support increased the odds of psychological disturbances. In substudy IV, social workers used more escape avoidance, distancing and positive-reappraisal coping, whereas police officers used more planful problem solving and self-controlling coping. Additionally, social workers with experience in forced repatriation used more planful problem solving than those without experience. Conclusions In order to create the most dignified forced repatriation, based on human dignity, for unaccompanied asylum-seeking refugee children and with healthy actors, a forced repatriation system needs: overall statutory national guidance, interagency collaboration, actors working within a teamworking pattern, forced repatriation workers with reasonable job demands and decision latitude, with a high level of social support and adaptive coping strategies. The point of departure for an interagency model is that it is impossible to change the circumstances of the asylum process, but it is possible to make the system more functional and better adapted to both the children’s needs and those of the professionals who are set to handle the children. A centre for unaccompanied asylum-seeking refugee children, consisting of all actors involved in the children’s asylum process sitting under the same roof, at the governmental level (Swedish Migration Board, the police authority) and municipality level (social services, board of legal guardians), can meet all requirements.
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Dijkshoorn, Anna. « Inclusive Education for Refugees and Asylum Seeking Children : A Systematic Literature Review ». Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, CHILD, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30510.
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BACKGROUND In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of children with a refugee background in the Netherlands. All of these children who are under 18 years of age must go to school, but they face many barriers towards inclusion. Appropriately educating this diverse group of children presents schools with challenges. Supportive programs are needed to overcome these barriers and challenges. AIM The aim of this paper was to explore what supports are put in place to foster refugee students’ inclusion in school. METHOD A systematic literature review was conducted to synthesize research on school-based programs and practices. RESULTS A broad range of supports were identified. Most studies addressed access barriers to learning by offering emotional and educational support, while fewer studies focused on opportunity barriers such as negative attitudes and lack of parental involvement. CONCLUSION It was concluded that schools can play an important role in supporting the inclusion of refugee children and their families because of their accessibility, but that more high quality research is necessary in order to assess the effectiveness of supports that minimize barriers towards learning and promote their inclusion in school.
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Cebi, Esra. « University Students ». Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610828/index.pdf.
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The main purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of perceived social support, psychological distress, prior help-seeking experience, and gender on attitudes toward seeking psychological help of university students. In addition to the main purposegender, faculty, living arrangement, and year of study differences in attitudes toward seeking psychological help and students&rsquo
knowledge about the psychological counseling services of the METU Health and Guidance Center were investigated. The sample consisted of 417 (223 female, 194 male) undergraduate students of Middle East Technical University. The data was gathered using the scale of Attitudes Toward Seeking Psychological Help-Shortened (ASPH-S), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and a demographic information form. It was found that nearly half of the participants (47%) had knowledge about the psychological counseling services of the METU Health and Guidance Center. Friends were the most frequently stated sources of help (59%) in times of need for personal problems. Females had more positive attitudes toward seeking psychological help than males. Students of the Faculty of the Arts and Sciences, and students of the Faculty of the Education were found to have more favorable attitudes than of the Faculty of Engineering students. Finally, hierarchical regression analysis showed that perceived social support, prior help-seeking experience, and gender significantly predicted attitudes toward seeking psychological help. However, psychological distress was not associated with help-seeking attitudes.
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Hernandez, Yvette. « Peer capital a network of support in dual language settings ; a case study approach / ». To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Pritchard, Kelsey Jay. « An Interpersonal Model of Depression : A Psychophysiological Perspective ». Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1460405442.
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Wang, Catherine S. « Stress, School Satisfaction, Attitudes Toward Professional Help-Seeking, Levels of Perceived Social Support, and Involvement in Race/Ethnic Based Organizations for Asian Americans at the Claremont Colleges ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/278.
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The present study sought to examine Asian American college stress and school satisfaction for Claremont Colleges students. Participants completed a survey which will include four measures: Attitudes Toward Professional Help-Seeking (Halgin, Weaver, Edell & Spencer, 1987), modified Social Support Scale (Duran, Oetzel, Lucero, Jiang, Novins, Manson, & Beals, 2005), College Student Stress Scale (Feldt, 2008), the School Satisfaction Scale (Butler, 2007), and questions about the participant’s involvement in race-based, and non-race-based organizations and mentoring programs. Asian Americans are unsupported because of their academic performance and thus receive less institutional support (Kiang & Lee, 1993). The stigma of mental health problems is significantly and negatively related to attitudes toward professional help seeking in the Asian American community (Masuda & Boone, 2011). Race-based organizations and mentoring programs facilitate adjustment to college through providing a community and ways to explore one’s identity (Kim, Goto, Bai, Kim, & Wong, 2001; Museus, 2008). It was expected that attitudes toward help seeking and support would be significantly different between Asian Americans and Whites. It was expected that involvement in ethnic-/race-based organizations and mentor programs would mediate the relationship between demographics and satisfaction, support and stress. Results revealed significantly different attitudes toward help seeking between Asian Americans and Whites. Involvement in race-based organization and mentoring program predicted school satisfaction. Involvement in a race-based mentoring program predicted stress. Implications of this study are discussed in relation to literature, clinicians, and on-campus support services.
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Scaife, Wendy A. « Transforming human energy to power for change : development principles for charitable health organisations seeking to optimise community and other support of Australian medical science ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36364/1/36364_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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Alahmad, Badr Suleman. « Costly Ignorance : The Denial of Relevance by Job Seekers : A Case Study in Saudi Arabia ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955039/.
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Job centers aid businesses seeking qualified employees and assist job seekers to select and contact employment and training services. Job seekers are also offered the opportunity to assess their skills, abilities, qualifications, and readiness. Furthermore, job centers ensure that job seekers are complying with requirements that they must meet to benefit from job assistance programs such as unemployment insurance. Yet, claimants often procrastinate and/or suspend their job search efforts even though such actions can make them lose their free time and entitlements, and more importantly they may lose the opportunity to take advantage of free information, services, training, and financial assistance for getting a job to which they have already made a claim. The current work looks to Chatman's "small worlds" work, Johnson's comprehensive model of information seeking, and Wilson's "costly ignorance" construct for contributions to understanding such behavior. Identification of a particular trait or set of traits of job seekers during periods of unemployment will inform a new Job Seeking Activities Model (JSAM). This study purposely examines job seeker information behavior and the factors which influence job seekers' behavior, in particular, family tangible support as a social norm effect. A mixed method, using questionnaires for job hunting completers and non-completers and interviews for experts, was employed for data collection. Quantitative data analysis was conducted to provide the Cronbach α coefficient, Pearson's product moment correlation, an independent-sample t-test, effect size, and binary Logit regression. The qualitative data generated from the interview transcript for each section of the themes and subthemes were color coded. Finally, simultaneous triangulation was carried out to confirm or contradict the results from each method. The findings show that social norms, particularly uncontrolled social support provided by their families, are more likely to make job seekers ignore the relevant information about jobs available to them in favor of doing other things. Finally, this research presents a form of data and the development of a workable model that are useful in more clearly and better defining the complex world of job seekers.
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Thuillier, Julien. « Effets de la discrimination et du risque de discrimination perçus au travail par les homosexuels sur la recherche de soutien et le bien-être psychologique au travail : le rôle des stratégies de présentation de soi ». Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20057.
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Cette thèse se propose d'apporter une contribution aux débats relatifs aux effets de la discrimination et du risque de discrimination perçus au travail par les personnes homosexuelles sur deux dimensions-clés de leur socialisation au travail : la recherche de soutien social et le bien-être psychologique au travail. A partir des travaux récents conduits en psychologie, nous posons l'hypothèse que les effets de la discrimination et du risque de discrimination perçus au travail sur ces dimensions, sont médiatisés par les stratégies de présentation de soi utilisées par les homosexuels au travail : la feinte, l'évitement et le dévoilement (Woods, 1993). Toutefois, l'examen des travaux empiriques fait état de résultats contradictoires concernant les relations : entre la discrimination – et le risque de discrimination – perçus d'une part, et les stratégies de présentation de soi au travail d'autre part ; les stratégies de présentation de soi utilisées au travail d'une part, et la construction des relations interpersonnelles et le bien-être psychologique au travail d'autre part. Ces résultats contradictoires nous amènent, en référence au modèle d'une socialisation plurielle et active (Malrieu, 1979), à formuler l'hypothèse que ces relations sont modulées par le jeu de variables liées à d'autres temps et lieux de socialisation. Une enquête, conduite par un questionnaire en ligne auprès de 234 sujets homosexuels en activité professionnelle, nous a permis de valider nos hypothèses. Ces résultats nous conduisent à discuter les pratiques actuelles de gestion de la diversité dans les organisations, ainsi que les pratiques cliniques proposées aux homosexuelsThis work aims to analyze the effects of perceived discrimination and discrimination risk on two key-dimensions of work socialization among gay and lesbian individuals : social support seeking and psychological well-being at work. Drawing from recent LGBT vocational literature, we assume that the relationships between discrimination (and discrimination risk) and these variables are mediated by identity management strategies (Woods, 1993) used by lesbian women and gay men (e.g., counterfeiting, avoiding and integrating). However, empirical evidence showed mixed findings regarding the relationships between: perceived discrimination (and discrimination risk) and identity management strategies; identity management strategies and interpersonal relationships building; identity management strategies and psychological well-being. With reference to Malrieu’s theory (1979) of a plural and active socialization, we attempt to overcome these mixed findings and posit that the relationships mentioned above are modulated by variables referring to the diversity of times and backgrounds in which individuals live. Data were collected using an online survey, which has been completed by 234 participants currently employed, and who identified themselves as lesbian or gay. Most of our hypothesis are validated and permit us to discuss both clinical practices targeted to sexual minority individuals and diversity management practices targeted to organizations
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Hansson, Jonas. « Mind the blues : Swedish police officers' mental health and forced deportation of unaccompanied refugee children ». Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Enheten för polisutbildning vid Umeå universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-138923.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introduction: Policing is a public health issue. The police often encounter vulnerable populations. Police officers have wide discretionary powers, which could impact on how they support vulnerable populations. In encountering vulnerable populations the police officers are required to be professional; maintaining mental health in the face of challenges is part of professionalism. Their encounters with vulnerable populations might influence their mental health which in turn might influence the way they use their discretion when making decisions. Background/context: Sweden receives more unaccompanied, asylum-seeking refugee children than any other country in Europe. The number of asylum applications for such children increased from 400 in 2004 to 7000 in 2014 to over 35,000 in 2015. These children come to Sweden and apply for asylum without being under the care of their parents or other legal guardian. Some are denied asylum. If they do not return to their country of origin voluntarily the police are responsible for their deportation. The Swedish government wants an increasing number of deportations and wants them carried out with dignity. This thesis is about the police officers’ perceptions of how to interpret the seemingly contradictory demands for more deportations, that is, efficiency; and concerns for human rights during the deportation process, that is, dignity. This is conceptualized using three theoretical frameworks: a) street-level bureaucracy, b) job demand-control-social support model and c) coping. These theoretical frameworks indicate the complexity of the issue and function as constructions by means of which understanding can be brought to the police officers’ perceptions of deportation work involving unaccompanied, asylum-seeking refugee children and how such work is associated to their mental health. Aim: The current research aims to investigate and analyse Swedish police officers’ mental health in the context of deportations of unaccompanied, asylum-seeking refugee children. Methods: This thesis uses both qualitative and quantitative methodology. The qualitative approach comprised interviews conducted to achieve a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of police officers’ perceptions of deportations of unaccompanied, asylum-seeking refugee children. The quantitative method involved the use of validated questionnaires to investigate the association between police officers’ mental health and psychosocial job characteristics and coping. This approach made it possible to study a complex issue in a complex environment and to present relevant recommendations. A total of 14 border police officers were interviewed and 714 police officers responded to a survey. Results: The police officers utilize their wide discretionary powers and perceive that they are doing what is best in the situation, trying to listen to the child and to be aware of the child’s needs. Police officers with experience of deportations of unaccompanied, asylum-seeking refugee children were not found to have poorer mental health than police officers with no such experience. Furthermore, high job demand, low decision latitude, low levels of work-related social support, shift work and being single are associated with poor mental health. Coping moderates the association between mental health and the experience of carrying out deportations of unaccompanied, asylum-seeking, refugee children, and the police officers seem to utilize both emotional and problem-solving coping during the same complex deportation process. Implications / conclusions: The general conclusion reached in this thesis is that if police officers are subject to reasonable demands, have high decision latitude, access to work-related social support, and utilize adaptable coping, the deportation work does not seem to affect their mental health. When police officers meet vulnerable people, they utilize their discretionary powers to deal with seemingly contradictory demands, that is, efficiency and dignity. The executive role in the deportations of unaccompanied, asylum-seeking refugee children and the awareness of dealing with a child threatened with deportation might give rise to activation of a sense of protection, safety and security. Discretion might make it possible to act on this sense of protection, safety and security and to combine efficiency and dignity. Further studies, which integrate cognitive and emotional discretion with coping, need to be undertaken.Introduktion: Polisarbete är i mångt och mycket en folkhälsofråga, något som inte minst blir tydligt i polisers möte med utsatta människor. Poliser har ett stort handlingsutrymme, vilket kan påverka hur de bemöter utsatta människor. I mötet med dessa människor behöver poliserna vara professionella; att ta hand om sin psykiska hälsa när man möts av utmaningar är en del av professionalismen. Att möta utsatta människor kan påverka polisernas psykiska hälsa, som i sin tur kan påverka hur de använder sitt handlingsutrymme när de fattar beslut. Bakgrund: Sverige tar emot fler ensamkommande asylsökande flyktingbarn än något annat land i Europa. Antalet asylansökningar för sådana barn ökade från 400 år 2004 till 7000 år 2014 till över 35 000 år 2015. Dessa barn kommer till Sverige och ansöker om asyl utan sina föräldrar eller annan vårdnadshavare. Somliga av dem nekas asyl. Om de inte återvänder till sitt ursprungsland frivilligt är polisen ansvariga för utvisningen. Den svenska regeringen kräver ett ökande antal verkställigheter av av- och utvisningar samt fastlår att verkställigheterna ska genomföras med respekt för människors värdighet. Denna avhandling handlar om polisers uppfattningar och tolkningar av de till synes motsägelsefulla kraven på att verkställa fler av- och utvisningar, det vill säga effektivitet; och hur man hanterar de mänskliga rättigheterna under utvisningsprocessen, det vill säga värdighet. Detta beskrivs och analyseras med hjälp av tre teoretiska ramverk: a) gräsrotsbyråkrati, b) jobb-krav-kontroll-socialt stödmodellen och c) coping. Dessa teoretiska ramverk visar på arbetsuppgiftens komplexitet och fungerar som utgångspunkt för att skapa förståelse för polisernas uppfattningar av arbetet med att verkställa av- och utvisningar av ensamkommande asylsökande flyktingbarn och hur sådant arbete är associerat med polisernas psykiska hälsa. Syfte: Denna avhandling syftar till att undersöka och analysera svenska polisers psykiska hälsa i relation till av- och utvisningar av ensamkommande asylsökande flyktingbarn. Metod: Både kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod användes i denna avhandling. Det kvalitativa tillvägagångssättet innefattade intervjuer för att uppnå en djupare förståelse för hur poliser uppfattar av- och utvisningar av ensamkommande asylsökande flyktingbarn. Den kvantitativa metoden innebar tillämpning av validerade frågeformulär för att undersöka sambandet mellan polisernas psykiska hälsa och psykosociala jobbkarakteristika samt coping. Detta tillvägagångssätt gjorde det möjligt att studera en komplex fråga i en komplex miljö och att presentera relevanta rekommendationer. Totalt intervjuades 14 gränspoliser och 714 poliser svarade på en enkätundersökning. Resultat: Resultatet visar att poliserna utnyttjar sitt stora handlingsutrymme och uppfattar att de gör det som är bäst i situationen, att de försöker lyssna på barnet och vara medvetna om barnets behov. Poliser med erfarenhet av av- och utvisningar av ensamkommande asylsökande flyktingbarn har inte visat sig ha en sämre psykisk hälsa än poliser utan sådan erfarenhet. Vidare är höga krav och lågt beslutsutrymme på arbetet, låga nivåer av arbetsrelaterat socialt stöd, skiftarbete och singelliv associerat med dålig psykisk hälsa. Coping mildrar effekten på den psykiska hälsan hos de som har erfarenhet av att utföra av- och utvisningar av ensamkommande asylsökande flyktingbarn. Poliserna verkar utnyttja både emotionell och problemlösande coping under en och samma komplexa utvisningsprocess. Slutsats: Den viktigaste slutsatsen i denna avhandling är att om poliser utsätts för rimliga krav, har stort beslutsutrymme, tillgång till arbetsrelaterat socialt stöd och använder sig av anpassningsbar coping, verkar det som att arbetet med av- och utvisningar inte påverkar deras psykiska hälsa. När poliser möter utsatta människor utnyttjar de sitt handlingsutrymme för att hantera de till synes motsägelsefulla kraven, det vill säga effektivitet och värdighet. Den verkställande rollen i av- och utvisningar av ensamkommande asylsökande flyktingbarn och medvetenheten om att hantera ett barn som hotas av utvisning kan ge upphov till en aktivering av känslan att ge skydd, trygghet och säkerhet. Handlingsutrymmet kan göra det möjligt att agera på denna känsla av skydd, trygghet och säkerhet samt att kunna kombinera effektivitet och värdighet. Ytterligare studier, som integrerar kognitivt och känslomässigt handlingsutrymme med coping, behöver emellertid genomföras.
44
Geldard, Kathryn Mary. « Adolescent Peer Counselling ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16155/1/Kathryn_Geldard_Thesis.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Adolescent peer counselling as a social support strategy to assist adolescents to cope with stress in their peer group provides the focus for the present thesis. The prosocial behaviour of providing emotional and psychological support through the use of helping conversations by young people is examined. Current programs for training adolescent peer counsellors have failed to discover what skills adolescents bring to the helping conversation. They ignore, actively discourage, and censor, some typical adolescent conversational helping behaviours and idiosyncratic communication processes. Current programs for training adolescent peer counsellors rely on teaching microcounselling skills from adult counselling models. When using this approach, the adolescent peer helper training literature reports skill implementation, role attribution and status differences as being problematic for trained adolescent peer counsellors (Carr, 1984; de Rosenroll, 1988; Morey & Miller, 1993). For example Carr (1984) recognised that once core counselling skills have been reasonably mastered that young people " may feel awkward, mechanical or phoney" (p. 11) when trying to implement the new skills. Problematic issues with regard to role attribution and status differences appear to relate to the term 'peer counsellor' and its professional expectations, including training and duties (Anderson, 1976; Jacobs, Masson & Vass, 1976; Myrick, 1976). A particular concern of Peavy (1977) was that for too many people counselling was an acceptable label for advice giving and that the role of counsellor could imply professional status. De Rosenroll (1988) cautioned against creating miniature mirror images of counselling and therapeutic professionals in young people. However, he described a process whereby status difference is implied when a group of adolescent peer counsellors is trained and invited to participate in activities that require appropriate ethical guidelines including competencies, training, confidentiality and supervision. While Carr and Saunders (1981) suggest, "student resentment of the peer counsellor is not a problem" they go on to say, "this is not to say that the problem does not exist" (p. 21). The authors suggest that as a concern the problem can be minimised by making sure the peer counsellors are not 'forced' on the student body and by providing opportunities for peer counsellors to develop ways of managing resentment. De Rosenroll (1988) acknowledges that the adolescent peer counsellor relationship may fall within a paraprofessional framework in that a difference in status may be inferred from the differing life experiences of the peer counsellor when compared with their student peers.
The current project aimed to discover whether the issues of skill implementation, role attribution and status differences could be addressed so that adolescent peer counselling, a valuable social support resource, could be made more attractive to, and useful for adolescents.
The researcher's goal was to discover what young people typically do when they help each other conversationally, what they want to learn that would enhance their conversational helping behaviour, and how they experience and respond to their role as peer counsellor, and then to use the information obtained in the development of an adolescent-friendly peer counsellor training program. By doing this, the expectation was that the problematic issues cited in the literature could be addressed. Guided by an ethnographic framework the project also examined the influence of an adolescent-friendly peer counsellor training program on the non-peer counsellor students in the wider adolescent community of the high school.
Three sequential studies were undertaken. In Study 1, the typical adolescent conversational and communications skills that young people use when helping each other were identified. In addition, those microcounselling skills that young people found useful and compatible with their typical communication processes were identified. In Study 2, an intervention research process was used to develop, deliver, and evaluate an adolescent-friendly peer counsellor training program which combined typical adolescent helping behaviours with preferred counselling microskills selected by participants in Study 1. The intervention research paradigm was selected as the most appropriate methodology for this study because it is designed to provide an integrated perspective for understanding, developing, and examining the feasibility and effectiveness of innovative human services interventions (Bailey-Dempsey & Reid, 1996; Rothman & Thomas, 1994). Intervention research is typically conducted in a field setting in which researchers and practitioners work together to design and assess interventions. When applying intervention research methodology researchers and practitioners begin by selecting the problem they want to remedy, reviewing the literature, identifying criteria for appropriate and effective intervention, integrating the information into plans for the intervention and then testing the intervention to reveal the intervention's strengths and flaws. Researchers then suggest modifications to make the intervention more effective, and satisfying for participants. In the final stage of intervention research, researchers disseminate information about the intervention and make available manuals and other training materials developed along the way (Comer, Meier, & Galinsky, 2004). In Study 2 an adolescent-friendly peer counsellor training manual was developed. Study 3 evaluated the impact of the peer counsellor training longitudinally on the wider school community. In particular, the project was interested in whether exposure to trained peer counsellors influenced students who were not peer counsellors with regard to their perceptions of self-concept, the degree of use of specific coping strategies and on their perceptions of the school climate. Study three included the development of A School Climate Survey which focused on the psychosocial aspects of school climate from the student's perspective. Two factors which were significantly correlated (p<.01) were identified. Factor 1 measured students' perceptions of student relationships, and Factor 2 measured students' perceptions of teachers' relationships with students.
The present project provides confirmation of a number of findings that other studies have identified regarding the idiosyncratic nature of adolescent communication, and the conversational and relational behaviours of young people (Chan, 2001; Noller, Feeney, & Peterson, 2001; Papini & Farmer, 1990; Rafaelli & Duckett, 1989; Readdick & Mullis, 1997; Rotenberg, 1995; Turkstra, 2001; Worcel et al., 1999; Young et al., 1999). It extends this research by identifying the specific conversational characteristics that young people use in helping conversations.
The project confirmed the researcher's expectation that some counselling microskills currently used in training adolescent peer counsellors are not easy to use by adolescents and are considered by adolescents to be unhelpful. It also confirmed that some typical adolescent conversational helping behaviours which have been proscribed for use in other adolescent peer counsellor training programs are useful in adolescent peer counselling. The project conclusively demonstrated that the adolescent-friendly peer counsellor training program developed in the project overcame the difficulties of skill implementation identified in the adolescent peer counselling literature (Carr, 1984). The project identified for the first time the process used by adolescent peer counsellors to deal with issues related to role attribution and status difference.
The current project contributes new information to the peer counselling literature through the discovery of important differences between early adolescent and late adolescent peer counsellors with regard to acquiring and mastering counselling skills, and their response to role attribution and status difference issues among their peers following counsellor training. As a result of the substantive findings the current project makes a significant contribution to social support theory and prosocial theory and to the adolescent peer counselling literature. It extends the range of prosocial behaviours addressed in published research by specifically examining the conversational helping behaviour of adolescents from a relational perspective. The current project provides new information that contributes to knowledge of social support in the form of conversational behaviour among adolescents identifying the interactive, collaborative, reciprocal and idiosyncratic nature of helping conversations in adolescents. Tindall (1989) suggests that peer counsellor trainers explore a variety of ways to approach a single training model that can augment and supplement the training process to meet specific group needs. The current project responded to this suggestion by investigating which counselling skills and behaviours adolescent peer counsellor trainees preferred, were easy to use by them, and were familiar to them, and then by using an intervention research process, devised a training program which incorporated these skills and behaviours into a typical adolescent helping conversation.
A mixed method longitudinal design was used in an ecologically valid setting. The longitudinal nature of the design enabled statements about the process of the peer counsellors' experience to be made. The project combined qualitative and quantitative methods of data gathering. Qualitative data reflects the phenomenological experience of the adolescent peer counsellor and the researcher and quantitative data provides an additional platform from which to view the findings. The intervention research paradigm provided a developmental research method that is appropriate for practice research. The intervention research model is more flexible than conventional experimental designs, capitalises on the availability of small samples, accommodates the dynamism and variation in practice conditions and diverse populations, and explicitly values the insights of the researcher as a practitioner. The project combines intervention research with involvement of the researcher in the project thus enabling the researcher to view and report the findings through her own professional and practice lens.
45
Geldard, Kathryn Mary. « Adolescent Peer Counselling ». Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16155/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Adolescent peer counselling as a social support strategy to assist adolescents to cope with stress in their peer group provides the focus for the present thesis. The prosocial behaviour of providing emotional and psychological support through the use of helping conversations by young people is examined. Current programs for training adolescent peer counsellors have failed to discover what skills adolescents bring to the helping conversation. They ignore, actively discourage, and censor, some typical adolescent conversational helping behaviours and idiosyncratic communication processes. Current programs for training adolescent peer counsellors rely on teaching microcounselling skills from adult counselling models. When using this approach, the adolescent peer helper training literature reports skill implementation, role attribution and status differences as being problematic for trained adolescent peer counsellors (Carr, 1984; de Rosenroll, 1988; Morey & Miller, 1993). For example Carr (1984) recognised that once core counselling skills have been reasonably mastered that young people " may feel awkward, mechanical or phoney" (p. 11) when trying to implement the new skills. Problematic issues with regard to role attribution and status differences appear to relate to the term 'peer counsellor' and its professional expectations, including training and duties (Anderson, 1976; Jacobs, Masson & Vass, 1976; Myrick, 1976). A particular concern of Peavy (1977) was that for too many people counselling was an acceptable label for advice giving and that the role of counsellor could imply professional status. De Rosenroll (1988) cautioned against creating miniature mirror images of counselling and therapeutic professionals in young people. However, he described a process whereby status difference is implied when a group of adolescent peer counsellors is trained and invited to participate in activities that require appropriate ethical guidelines including competencies, training, confidentiality and supervision. While Carr and Saunders (1981) suggest, "student resentment of the peer counsellor is not a problem" they go on to say, "this is not to say that the problem does not exist" (p. 21). The authors suggest that as a concern the problem can be minimised by making sure the peer counsellors are not 'forced' on the student body and by providing opportunities for peer counsellors to develop ways of managing resentment. De Rosenroll (1988) acknowledges that the adolescent peer counsellor relationship may fall within a paraprofessional framework in that a difference in status may be inferred from the differing life experiences of the peer counsellor when compared with their student peers. The current project aimed to discover whether the issues of skill implementation, role attribution and status differences could be addressed so that adolescent peer counselling, a valuable social support resource, could be made more attractive to, and useful for adolescents. The researcher's goal was to discover what young people typically do when they help each other conversationally, what they want to learn that would enhance their conversational helping behaviour, and how they experience and respond to their role as peer counsellor, and then to use the information obtained in the development of an adolescent-friendly peer counsellor training program. By doing this, the expectation was that the problematic issues cited in the literature could be addressed. Guided by an ethnographic framework the project also examined the influence of an adolescent-friendly peer counsellor training program on the non-peer counsellor students in the wider adolescent community of the high school. Three sequential studies were undertaken. In Study 1, the typical adolescent conversational and communications skills that young people use when helping each other were identified. In addition, those microcounselling skills that young people found useful and compatible with their typical communication processes were identified. In Study 2, an intervention research process was used to develop, deliver, and evaluate an adolescent-friendly peer counsellor training program which combined typical adolescent helping behaviours with preferred counselling microskills selected by participants in Study 1. The intervention research paradigm was selected as the most appropriate methodology for this study because it is designed to provide an integrated perspective for understanding, developing, and examining the feasibility and effectiveness of innovative human services interventions (Bailey-Dempsey & Reid, 1996; Rothman & Thomas, 1994). Intervention research is typically conducted in a field setting in which researchers and practitioners work together to design and assess interventions. When applying intervention research methodology researchers and practitioners begin by selecting the problem they want to remedy, reviewing the literature, identifying criteria for appropriate and effective intervention, integrating the information into plans for the intervention and then testing the intervention to reveal the intervention's strengths and flaws. Researchers then suggest modifications to make the intervention more effective, and satisfying for participants. In the final stage of intervention research, researchers disseminate information about the intervention and make available manuals and other training materials developed along the way (Comer, Meier, & Galinsky, 2004). In Study 2 an adolescent-friendly peer counsellor training manual was developed. Study 3 evaluated the impact of the peer counsellor training longitudinally on the wider school community. In particular, the project was interested in whether exposure to trained peer counsellors influenced students who were not peer counsellors with regard to their perceptions of self-concept, the degree of use of specific coping strategies and on their perceptions of the school climate. Study three included the development of A School Climate Survey which focused on the psychosocial aspects of school climate from the student's perspective. Two factors which were significantly correlated (p<.01) were identified. Factor 1 measured students' perceptions of student relationships, and Factor 2 measured students' perceptions of teachers' relationships with students. The present project provides confirmation of a number of findings that other studies have identified regarding the idiosyncratic nature of adolescent communication, and the conversational and relational behaviours of young people (Chan, 2001; Noller, Feeney, & Peterson, 2001; Papini & Farmer, 1990; Rafaelli & Duckett, 1989; Readdick & Mullis, 1997; Rotenberg, 1995; Turkstra, 2001; Worcel et al., 1999; Young et al., 1999). It extends this research by identifying the specific conversational characteristics that young people use in helping conversations. The project confirmed the researcher's expectation that some counselling microskills currently used in training adolescent peer counsellors are not easy to use by adolescents and are considered by adolescents to be unhelpful. It also confirmed that some typical adolescent conversational helping behaviours which have been proscribed for use in other adolescent peer counsellor training programs are useful in adolescent peer counselling. The project conclusively demonstrated that the adolescent-friendly peer counsellor training program developed in the project overcame the difficulties of skill implementation identified in the adolescent peer counselling literature (Carr, 1984). The project identified for the first time the process used by adolescent peer counsellors to deal with issues related to role attribution and status difference. The current project contributes new information to the peer counselling literature through the discovery of important differences between early adolescent and late adolescent peer counsellors with regard to acquiring and mastering counselling skills, and their response to role attribution and status difference issues among their peers following counsellor training. As a result of the substantive findings the current project makes a significant contribution to social support theory and prosocial theory and to the adolescent peer counselling literature. It extends the range of prosocial behaviours addressed in published research by specifically examining the conversational helping behaviour of adolescents from a relational perspective. The current project provides new information that contributes to knowledge of social support in the form of conversational behaviour among adolescents identifying the interactive, collaborative, reciprocal and idiosyncratic nature of helping conversations in adolescents. Tindall (1989) suggests that peer counsellor trainers explore a variety of ways to approach a single training model that can augment and supplement the training process to meet specific group needs. The current project responded to this suggestion by investigating which counselling skills and behaviours adolescent peer counsellor trainees preferred, were easy to use by them, and were familiar to them, and then by using an intervention research process, devised a training program which incorporated these skills and behaviours into a typical adolescent helping conversation. A mixed method longitudinal design was used in an ecologically valid setting. The longitudinal nature of the design enabled statements about the process of the peer counsellors' experience to be made. The project combined qualitative and quantitative methods of data gathering. Qualitative data reflects the phenomenological experience of the adolescent peer counsellor and the researcher and quantitative data provides an additional platform from which to view the findings. The intervention research paradigm provided a developmental research method that is appropriate for practice research. The intervention research model is more flexible than conventional experimental designs, capitalises on the availability of small samples, accommodates the dynamism and variation in practice conditions and diverse populations, and explicitly values the insights of the researcher as a practitioner. The project combines intervention research with involvement of the researcher in the project thus enabling the researcher to view and report the findings through her own professional and practice lens.
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Chuan, Chiang Hsiu, et 江秀娟. « BatteredWives' Experiences of Seeking Help from Formal Social Support ». Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54804595033017880034.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士輔仁大學
社會工作學系
96
The research hopes to understand from the battered wives’ viewpoints on the purpose, experience and feelings of their asking for help from the formal social systems and the kind of assistance they get from the formal social support systems. The research subjects are the battered wives’in the cases opened by the Center of Domestic Violence, ○○ Country and ○○Foundation. We adopt the qualitative research and make use of purposive sampling methods to select eight battered wives who have been suffered marital violence and experienced asking for help from police agency, medical treatment, social affairs department and judicature four systems in the past one year. The results of the research are as follows: 1. Help-seeking Behavior The interviewed battered wives asked for outside help mainly through the messages offered by their relatives and friends, TV commercials, newspaper and magazines and welfare groups. When they think that their marital violence is caused by the outside factors or they can’t solve the problems caused by violence, they will turn to police , medical treatment, departments of social affairs and judicial system for help. When they are asking for help, the interviewees will show positvie moods if they realize that the helpers really care about them. In that way, they are willing to accept the assistance and will turn again to the helpers for help. If they feel their self-dignity is hurt or devalued, then they won’t. 2. Help-seeking Experience The interviewees have both the positive and negative experience and feelings. The eight help-seeking interviewees have the positive feelings toward social agency. Only one of the interviewees complained about the life in the shelter being restricted and the working staff couldn’t have the same empathy. 3. Assistace offered by Formal Social Support System All the four formal social support systems can offer the battered wives three kinds of helps such as mood, materials and messages. The social agency offer more support on mood and messages than those of the other organizations. Medical doctors and judges offer less support on mood. All systems provide with the support of materials. According to the findings and the limitations of this research, the author provide some suggestions respectively directing to police, medical, social affairs and judicial systems and the future researches as follows: 1. All the policemen should know the procedure of marital violence and their duties. They must accurately execute public authority, enhance management and provide incentive and punishment system. They should provide the battered women with safe and comfortable place to take down in writing. When they provide assistance, their attitudes should be gentle and impartial. In addition, they should avoid the ideas of patriarchy to deal with women. 2. Medical staff should enhance the sensibility of marital violence and distinguish the marital violence initiatively. They should give more care and patience for the help-seeking women and should report to the police as soon as possible. The social workers system should be set up inside the hospitals, and then they can provide the immediate help and make the women know their own rights. Besides, they should set up good medical service system network to increase the interactions with the other prevention and cure webs. 3. Help every organization provide effective service for the battered women through enhancing professional social service, increasing related resources of marital violence, summoning connection meetings regularly, coordinating the cooperation among systems and cementing the protection web of marital violence. 4. They should put emphasis on the problems of women’s safety. The stnadpoint of judge should be impartial， with kind attitude, being considerate about the difficulties of presenting the evidence of the battered women and protect their rights. With regard to the marital violence, they should set up the standard procedure and try to unify the ways of investigation and let the battered women know exactly what evidence they should present to prove. 5. Following are some suggestion for future researches: To explore and to compare the present and the past help-seeking experience and probe into the influence toward women’s help-seeking behavior.
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Greidanus, Elaine. « Online Help Seeking ». Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1301.
Texte intégralRésumé :
When stress becomes distress, people seek to decrease their psychological pain using methods that seem convenient and appropriate. In an increasingly technology-based society, the Internet provides opportunities for individuals in distress to seek information and connections with others. Research on Internet-based help services indicates that many people seek help online because of the anonymity and control afforded by the communication medium. This study explored the experiences of 10 people who sought help for mental health concerns and used the Internet as part of the process. Participants were recruited from online sources and posters placed in Internet cafes. Transcripts from the community message boards and blogs helped to support the reports for some participants. Basic qualitative inquiry was used to help understand these experiences and represent them in a way that facilitates understanding in others. Results of this study indicate that the role of the Internet in the process of help seeking is perceived differently, based on participants individual differences. However, the results also indicate ways that online and offline resources can be combined to facilitate early help seeking and seamless transitions between helping services. This study highlights the unique implications of online help services for adolescents and those seeking help online for suicidality, highlighting the benefits and challenges of online help. Implications of this study support the necessity to develop an integrated online/offline mental health strategy, as well as clear guidelines for online counselling. Recommendations are made for online service providers and directions for future research are suggested.Counselling Psychology
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CHIU, WEI-TING, et 邱偉婷. « Research on Intimate Relationship Abused Women’s Help Seeking Experience and Social Support ». Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m7khvv.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士中央警察大學
犯罪防治研究所
107
According to the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Intimate Partner Violence is a severe problem in today’s society. Intimate relationship violence portrays different patterns from general violent crimes. It particularly involves emotional entanglements and intensive interactions. Once it happens, it often appears repeatedly, and this affects the victim’s emotional, psychological and behavioral response a great deal. The termination of intimacy is like a strong source of pressure not only on the victims themselves but additionally, on the relatives and friends of both the abusers and the abused as they have to face many changes and adjustments. Ending intimacy is not the first or only choice for all abused women. A lot of factors, for example financial problems or parenting issues determine whether or not those abused women decide to seek help. This study is based on criminological and sociological perspectives combined with relevant theories and examines how the abused behaved in seeking help as well as social support they received from both formal and informal systems. Three women who have been abused were selected and intensive interviews were conducted. Through the sharing of the life experiences of these women, we can understand how the impact of early childhood abuse experiences, may have influenced their adulthood relationships. Findings in this study, revealed that abused women’s reasons for seeking help and for leaving violent relationships were similar and included quotes such as “threat of death,” “could not endure anymore,” “concerns for children” and “being badly injured”. Moreover, when they do turn to seek informal channels and are unable to get help or positive feedback that is sufficient to change the current state of violence, they turn to coercive formal channels. The study clarified that all of these social support systems play an important role to the abused women. According to thees findings, the resercher suggests our government needs to put more emphasis on the training of child psychologists who can help children to cope with the effects of being abused. Additionally, women can be furthered empowered to fend for themselves and leave these abusive situations. Furthermore, police officers' law enforcement skills should be polished so that they can deal with abusive situations sensitively, and patiently, thus ensuring that the abused can be helped adequately and feel encouraged to report these cases. Keywords：Abused Women、Help Seeking Experience、Social Support
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祝韻梅. « A study on the seeking-for-help social support network of battered women ». Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47129708311226428451.
Texte intégral
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Huang, Yun-Ying, et 黃芸瑩. « The Relationship among Depression, Social Support, and Help-seeking Attitudes in College Students ». Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30917950531595292389.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
教育心理與輔導學系
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This study aimed to investigate the relationship among depression, social support, and help-seeking attitudes of college students in Taiwan. This study used stratified purposive sampling to choose sample of university students (N = 892). The students are in various grades from northern Taiwan. The sample were administered a battery of self- report instruments including personal data form, Tung’s Depression Inventory for College Students (TDICS), Chinese version of Social Support Questionnaire, and Chinese version of Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale - Short Form. All valid data were analyzed with Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and hierarchical regression. The study revealed the following results: (a) The prevalence of college students with help-seeking experience was 20.4% (b) There were gender difference on depression, but no difference among college students of different grades. (c)There were gender and romance status difference on social support. (d) There were gender difference on help-seeking attitude. (e) A significantly correlation is shown depression, social support, and help-seeking attitudes. (f) Depression and social support significantly predict help-seeking attitudes of college students. Suggestions for research and practice as well as limitations were presented in the end of this study.