Articles de revues : « Security brigade »

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Putri, Alia Widara, et Ayi Budi Santosa. « Korps Mobile Brigade dalam Mengatasi Masalah DI/TII Jawa Barat (1950-1962) ». FACTUM : Jurnal Sejarah dan Pendidikan Sejarah 10, n^o 2 (30 octobre 2021) : 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/factum.v10i2.39044.

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The research examine about Mobile Brigade Corps’ contribution in overcoming the West Java’s DI/TII affairs. The background of this research is because as a police troops, Mobile Brigade Corps contribute in overcoming one of the domestic security intruption problems that happened in Indonesia in the 1950’s decade, namely West Java’s DI/TII. However, that contribution from Mobile Brigade Corps is unpopular. Then, the main question in this research is how is the contribution of the Mobile Brigade Corps in overcoming the West Java’s DI/TII affairs. The method used in this research was a historical research method, with four research steps, namely heuristics, criticsm, interpretation, and historiography. The research technique used for collected the data was literature and documentation study. Based on this research’s result, West Java was in emergency state (SOB)/danger situation in the 1950’s deacade, it was because at that time, the security condition in West Java was worsed due to the domestic security intruption problem, caused by West Java’s DI/TII. Mobile Brigade Corps involved in overcoming the West Java’s DI/TII affairs because at that time, Djawatan Kepolisian Negara was involved in the task of overcoming that West Java’s DI/TII for seconded to Tentara Teritorium III/Siliwangi, Mobile Brigade Corps used because it’s the paramilitary troops from Djawatan Kepolisian Negara. The efforts from Mobile Brigade Corps were formed the Ranger Troops and mobilized Mobile Brigade Coprs’ troops, including the Ranger Troops in domestic security operation to overcoming the West Java’s DI/TII affairs.

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Fryc, Mariusz. « The Lithuanian-Polish-Ukrainian Brigade’s development potential in the context of regional security ». Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 195, n^o 1 (17 mars 2020) : 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0247.

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Since January 2017 the Lithuanian-Polish-Ukrainian brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG) is fully operational to influence and shape not only regional security but also international peace out of Europe. Its development potential can contribute to support Ukraine in its current military reform as well as in an accession process to NATO. It can positively impact military competencies, capabilities, and capacities of all founding nations and contribute to a stronger regional identity based on common values, interests, experiences and threats perceptions either. Now is the time for the founding nations to decide whether to keep a status quo of the brigade or to further build its “trademark” upon its strengths and competencies. If they choose the second option, the Brigade has to become more visible and active in the security sphere which leads to the necessity to demonstrate its effectiveness and utility in practice. The purpose of this article is to answer the questions: where is the development potential of the Lithuanian-Polish-Ukrainian Brigade and how it can be used in the context of strengthening both tripartite cooperation and security in the region. In the introduction, the author collides different perspectives on the future of LITPOLUKRBRIG. In the first part, he argues that the brigade can help Ukraine to join the Euro-Atlantic family. In the second part, he justifies that the brigade can have a positive impact on military capabilities development and the interoperability of the armed forces of all founding states. In the third part, he justifies that the brigade has the potential to shape regional security. In the fourth part, he argues that LITPOLUKRBRIG can contribute to building a stronger regional identity and tripartite cooperation based on common values, interests, experiences and common threat’s perception.

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Koto, Tabrani, Basir Basir et Riska Sri Handayani. « Analysis of Technical Training Needs for the Pioneer Battalion of Brimob Polda Metro Jaya in The Context of Securing The National Capital ». International Journal of Social Service and Research 3, n^o 11 (19 novembre 2023) : 2834–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v3i11.589.

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This research analyzes the technical training needs required by the Mobile Brigade Pioneer Battalion of Polda Metro Jaya in securing the National Capital City. Securing the National Capital is a complex challenge and requires high readiness and competence from the police, especially the Pioneer Battalion. In this research, the author uses a qualitative approach with the Training Need Analysis (TNA) analysis method, which involves questionnaires and a literature study. The results of the analysis show that the Pioneer Battalion is widely applied in various security tasks, which include handling high-intensity crime threats and managing natural disasters. The involvement of the Vanguard Battalion generally plays a role in supporting regional police when the intensity of the threat reaches a high escalation. Training uses a training manual published by the Foster Police Department. The research results show that there is still potential to improve training. In this analysis, the author emphasizes training based on actual needs for securing the National Capital, enhancing services to the community, and preparing to face future threats. In conclusion, this research identifies the importance of technical training in securing the National Capital by the Mobile Brigade Pioneer Battalion of Polda Metro Jaya. Based on the analysis, it is recommended to provide training that is not only related to the tasks and duties of the Pioneer Battalion in the context of securing the capital. Because the involvement of the pioneer battalion was extensive and not only related to security. The development and improvement of technical training that is relevant to the actual needs for security of the National Capital will strengthen the readiness and competence of Pioneer Battalion members in carrying out complex security tasks involving various other security aspects.

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Gonschorek, Julia, Anja Langer, Benjamin Bernhardt et Caroline Räbiger. « Big Data in the Field of Civil Security Research ». International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 7, n^o 1 (janvier 2016) : 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaeis.2016010104.

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This article gives insight in a running dissertation at the University in Potsdam. Point of discussion is the spatial and temporal distribution of emergencies of German fire brigades that have not sufficiently been scientifically examined. The challenge is seen in Big Data: enormous amounts of data that exist now (or can be collected in the future) and whose variables are linked to one another. These analyses and visualizations can form a basis for strategic, operational and tactical planning, as well as prevention measures. The user-centered (geo-) visualization of fire brigade data accessible to the general public is a scientific contribution to the research topic 'geovisual analytics and geographical profiling'. It may supplement antiquated methods such as the so-called pinmaps as well as the areas of engagement that are freehand constructions in GIS. Considering police work, there are already numerous scientific projects, publications, and software solutions designed to meet the specific requirements of Crime Analysis and Crime Mapping. By adapting and extending these methods and techniques, civil security research can be tailored to the needs of fire departments. In this paper, a selection of appropriate visualization methods will be presented and discussed.

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Cahyono, Afiid. « SOCIAL COMMUNICATION STRATEGY THROUGH SPILL MARKET ACTIVITIES TO ACHIEVE NATIONAL SECURITY IN CIMAHI CITY ». Jurnal Strategi Pertahanan Laut 8, n^o 1 (14 juin 2022) : 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/spl.v8i1.1053.

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National security is the basic need of every citizen besides welfare. Oneof the ways to achieve national security is to increase the deterrence power of the community in dealing with every problem in their environment. Therefore, 15th/Kujang II Infantry Brigade strives to embody those purposes with social communication strategy through spilled market activity. Social communication development is one of several methods of Territorial Management of the Indonesian Armed Forces in the form of communication activity that is carried out effectively and sustainably. This social communication strategy is applied as a medium for socialization, as a medium for equalization of vision, mission and interpretation of media for coordination, integration, synchronization and simplication as well as a means to improve, maintain and strengthen the unity of the Indonesia Armed Forces and society in order to achieve main tasks of Indonesia Armed Forces. Yet in implementing territorial management through that social communication development, this endeavor is still not in accordance with the expected goals. Therefore, in order this spilled market activity does not seem like a common market in general, this study was conducted to analyze the social communication strategy of the 15 th /Kujang II Infrantry Brigade also the constraints in its progress through spilled market activity to embody national security in Cimahi City.In order to achieve that purpose, this research is conducted with qualitative method, depth-interview technique, passive observation and document review. This research found that social communication strategy that was conducted by 15 th /Kujang II Infantry Brigade is by educating society about social problems that occur in the society and their role in problem solving in the community. 15 th /Kujang II Infrantry Brigade also conducting territorial guidanve to the whole community that the community also plays a role in realizing national security through awareness, as it is their role as an early detection and early prevention in a society, as a form of deterrence for threats. While the constraints encountered in fostering social communication are mechanicaldisturbances, factors of interest, motivation and prejudice by the public of what isintended by 15 th /Kujang II Infantry Brigade.Keywords : National Security, Territorial Management, Social Communication, Strategy, Indonesia Armed Forces

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Lilly, Damian. « The United Nations as a Party to Armed Conflict ». Journal of International Peacekeeping 20, n^o 3-4 (17 août 2016) : 313–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-02003011.

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As the role of United Nations peacekeeping operations has evolved in recent decades so too has the legal interpretation of the way in which international humanitarian law (ihl) is viewed as applying to its peacekeepers. While it has been understood that the un could become a party to armed conflict, the organization has never publicly acknowledged this until the establishment of the Intervention Brigade of the of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (monusco) pursuant to Security Council resolution 2098 of March 2013. This article addresses the legal consequences of the Intervention Brigade as a party to armed conflict and the insights it provides into the legal status of un peacekeeper under ihl. In particular, it will argue that the established legal framework for un peacekeeping operations as having the protected status of civilians under ihl has proved ill-suited for the Intervention Brigade and its experience has highlighted the inconsistencies and gaps in the rules that have been developed.

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Sagita, Yagie. « Implementasi Fungsi Dan Kewenangan Brigade Mobile Kepolisian Daerah Nusa Tenggara Timur Dalam Mencegah Tindak Pidana Terorisme Di Wilayah Perbatasan Indonesia Dengan Timur Leste ». Supremasi Hukum : Jurnal Penelitian Hukum 29, n^o 1 (28 août 2020) : 60–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jsh.29.1.60-77.

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This article discusses the role of the East Nusa Tenggara Regional Police Mobile Brigade in Preventing Terrorism in the Border Area. The background of this research is the implementation of the functions and authority of the East Nusa Tenggara Police Mobile Brigade in preventing terrorism in the Indonesian border region with Timor-Leste and what are the obstacles of the NTT Regional Police Mobile Brigade in conducting terrorism prevention in the border region of the State of Indonesia and the State of Timor Leste. This research is an empirical study. Data collection used in this study was a library research, interviews and analyzed qualitatively. Based on the results of the study, the number of personnel at the moment the National Police who are on duty at the Brimob Sub Den 2 Atambua Atambua NTT Regional Police are 114 personnel, which is considered quite in accordance with the ratio of cross-border post guard. that patrols were mostly carried out in the form of routine satker patrols (70%). The rest is done together with the Timor Leste government and government agencies involved in border management (10%). Other tasks are in the form of adjustments, in accordance with field conditions that occur at that time. Regarding the threat of terrorism, all respondents (100%) thought that the threat of terrorism ever occurred at the Border, namely the threat in the form of terror, 40% the threat of recruiting terrorism networks was only 30% and the threat of bombing occurred 30%. The obstacles faced by the NTT Regional Police Mobile Brigade in securing border areas are inadequate Accessibility to Border, Inadequate Facilities and Infrastructure, Minimal number of security personnel, Border Area Conflict, Inter-ethnic, ethnic and religious conflict, Lack of Community education about Nationality.Keywords: Mobile Brigade; Terrorism; Border; AbstrakPenelitian ini Peran Brigade Mobile Kepolisian Daerah Nusa Tenggara Timur Dalam Mencegah Terorisme Di Wilayah Perbatasan. Latar belakang dari penelitian ini adalah implementasi fungsi dan kewenangan Brigade Mobile Kepolisian daerah Nusa Tenggara Timur dalam mencegah terorisme di wilayah perbatasan Indonesia dengan Timor leste dan apa saja kendala Brimob Polda NTT dalam melakukan pencegahan terorisme di wilayah perbatasan Negara Indonesia dengan Negara Timor Leste. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian empiris. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah library research, interview serta dianalisis secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, jumlah personal Saat ini anggota Polri yang bertugas di Sat Brimob Sub Den 2 Pelopor Atambua Polda NTT berjumlah 114 personal, hal tersbut dirasa cukup sesuai dengan rasio penjagaan pos lintas perbatasan negara. Bahwa patroli banyak dilakukan dalam bentuk patroli rutin satker (70%). Selebihnya dilakukan bersama pemerintah Timor Leste dan instansi pemerintah yang terkait pengelola perbatasan (10%). Tugas lain sifatnya berbentuk penyesuaian, sesuai dengan kondisi lapangan yang terjadi saat itu. Terkait ancaman terorisme, semua responden (100 %) berpendapat bahwa ancaman terorisme pernah terjadi di Perbatasan yaitu ancaman berbentuk terror 40 % ancaman perekrutan jaringan terorisme hanya 30 % dan ancaman bom terjadi 30 %. Adapun Kendala yang dihadapi sat brimob Polda NTT dalam mengamankan daerah perbatasan yaitu Aksesibilitas ke Perbatasan , Sarana dan prasarana yang belum memadai, Jumlah personel keamanan yang minim, Konflik Wilayah Perbatasan, Konflik antar etnis, suku dan agama, Kurangnya pendidikan Masyarakat tentang Kebangsaan.Kata Kunci: Brigade Mobile; Terorisme; Perbatasan;

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Suwalla, Nicha, Khairuddin Siregar et Nolla Puspita Dewi. « Juridical Analysis of The Role of The Gegana Datasemen of The Brimob Unit of The Riau Police in Countering Criminal Acts of Terrorism ». MARAS : Jurnal Penelitian Multidisiplin 2, n^o 1 (6 février 2024) : 422–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.60126/maras.v2i1.192.

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The criminal act of terrorism is a serious crime that endangers the state ideology, state security, state sovereignty, human values and various aspects of social life so that its eradication needs to be carried out in a specific, planned, directed, integrated and sustainable manner. The Datasemen Gegana Brimob unit is a certain police unit that has the agility to carry out political actions in creating order and security in society, especially in terms of countering the threat of terrorism. This study aims to conduct an analysis of the role of the Riau Islands Police Mobile Brigade Unit Datasemen in combating terrorism crimes with a research study at the Satbrimob Polda Riau Islands Province-Batam. This study analyzes the dimensions of legal regulation and the constraints and solutions. This study uses a descriptive method by using a normative approach (legal research) to obtain secondary data and an empirical approach (juridical-sociological) to obtain primary data through field research (field research). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the role of the Riau Islands Police Mobile Brigade Unit Datasemen in overcoming terrorism crimes has not been maximized. The Datasemen of Brimob Polda Kepri have constraints of limited funds and lack of personnel in carrying out countermeasures for criminal acts of terrorism.

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Skopintsev, Oleh, Mykhailo Tulenko, Dmitro Kozlov, Oleksandr Koplik, Oleksandr Kramar, Pavlo Miroshnichenko et Vadim Zaharchenko. « SUBSTANTIATION OF THE INDICATOR THE EVALUATION OF OPTIONS FOR THE DISTRIBUTION FORCES AND MEANS IN THE ORGANIZATION THE SECURITY OF THE BASE CAMP BY THE MOBILE RESERVE OF THE BRIGADE OF THE DEFENSE FORCES DURING HOSTILITIES ». Grail of Science, n^o 26 (23 avril 2023) : 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.14.04.2023.024.

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The work compares and evaluates options for the distribution of forces and means of organizing the security of the base camp during hostilities, therefore, a methodology for the rational distribution of forces and means of security of the base camp by the mobile reserve of the defense force brigade during hostilities has been developed.The probability of holding the base camp was chosen as an indicator for evaluating options for the distribution of forces and resources. The value of the indicator depends on the success of the security organization of the base camp during hostilities. The probability of success of the security organization of the base camp during hostilities will be determined by the initial qualitative ratio of the forces and means of the parties and the coefficient of the degree of fortification equipment of the base camp.

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Traverso, Luciana Davi, Augusto Albuquerque Moura, Jéssica Da Silva Maciel et Sirlei Glasenapp. « Gabinetes de papel : uma análise sobre a implantação de gabinetes de gestão integrada municipal nos municípios com unidades do 12º Batalhão de Bombeiros Militar - Ijuí ». Revista de Administração da UFSM 13 (28 décembre 2020) : 1392–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1983465944254.

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Purpose – The purpose of this article is to analyze how the installation of these offices is in the eight municipalities with units of the 12th Military Fire Brigade (12º BBM).Design/methodology/approach – This study had an exploratory character. Data collection took place through structured interviews with a total of eight interviews carried out with the Secretaries of Administration of the prefectures, one for each municipality with units of the 12th Military Fire Brigade (12º BBM).Findings – It was observed that, despite the positive impact generated in local public security, only the municipality of Panambi has the GGIM in operation, however, it only conducts meetings of the Plenary, with partial installation, reducing the positive impact on public safety local. It became clear that municipalities ignore its importance for the promotion of local public safety by creating GGIMs only on paper.Research limitations/implications – Do not realize interviews with those responsible for the creation of the offices is a limiting factor of the research, as well as the short time of operation of the GGIM’s to carry out a comparative analysis of crime rates.Originality/value – It highlights the importance and potential of the Municipal Integrated Management Offices for the transformation of the local scenario, while providing a channel for dialogue between the actors involved and for the establishment of joint and planned solutions to the problems faced within the scope of Public Security.

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Saclag, Daryll Edisonn. « A Rapid Reaction Force for the United Nations : Middle Powers, Human Security, and the Multinational Standby High Readiness Brigade (SHIRBRIG) ». Malaysian Journal of International Relations 9, n^o 1 (30 décembre 2021) : 164–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/mjir.vol9no1.9.

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Contemporary threats to human security have prompted middle powers to call again for the establishment of a rapid reaction force even as they failed to implement the Multinational Standby High Readiness Brigade (SHIRBRIG) over a decade ago. Despite this failure, much of what has been written on middle powers simply assumed that they successfully contributed to human security. Previous studies on rapid reaction force and SHIRBRIG also lacked a theoretical examination - merely identifying lessons learned and offering policy recommendations. Utilising Ronald M. Behringer’s conceptualisation of middle power theory which posits that middle powers use the concept of human security to design instruments that address contemporary security challenges, this article attempts to bridge the gaps in the literature by arguing that middle powers were only successful in creating a rapid reaction force, but not in providing the material capabilities to implement it. Ultimately, the concept of human security was not enough to make middle powers commit vital resources to SHIRBRIG.

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Šadinlija, Mesud. « The participation of the Yugoslav Army in the attacks on Sarajevo in december 1993 and january 1994 – Operation “Pancir-2” ». Historijski pogledi 3, n^o 4 (30 décembre 2020) : 287–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2020.3.4.287.

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Before the beginning of the aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia had created, organized and armed a powerful military structure within the 2nd military area of the Yugoslav People’s Army, which was renamed into the Army of the Serb Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in May of 1992. It had also never ceased to fill the ranks, arm, supply, train, equip and finance the Serb army which it had created in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Apart from that, abundant undeniable evidence exists which confirms the direct involvement of the Yugoslav Army as well as the special detachments of the Ministry of internal affairs of Serbia in the acts aimed against the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina, for the whole duration of the war and in different parts of the country. In this work we shall present the motives, intentions, chronology and consequences of the participation of special detachments of the Yugoslav Army and the State Security Agency of Serbia in the attacks on Sarajevo during December 1993 and January 1994. On the eve of the conclusion of the Geneva peace talks on the basis of the Owen-Stoltenberg plan, the Serb political and military leadership, expecting further pressure directed towards the signing of the peace treaty and withdrawal from the territory that the Serb forces had taken, reached a decision to strenghen their positions during December 1993. As for the whole duration of the war, Sarajevo was considered to be the strategically most important area, so a military operation “PANCIR-2” was devised, prepared and executed with the aim of taking the key objects of Sarajevo’s defence, which would force the opposition to accept a partition of the city. The forces of the Sarajevo-Romanija corps, and a brigade each from the Hercegovački and 1st Krajiški corps of the Army of the Republic of Srpska were engaged in this operation. From the composition of the Yugoslav Army, parts of the Special detachment corps were involved, with the support of charge and transport helicopters. The operation was planned in two stages, whereby the first had the aim to establish control over the following objects: Žuč, Orlić, Hum and Mojmilo, while the second stage had to result with established control over Hrasnica and Butmir. Units from the composition of the Special detachment corps of the Yugoslav Army initiated the execution of their task from Belgrade on 16 December 1993. The striking part was made up from members of the 72nd Special Brigade, with parts of other special detachments: Guards Motorized Brigade, Armoured Brigade and 63. Paratroops Brigade from Niš. The combined composition of the special detachments of the Yugoslav Army of 320 men represented the core of the fighting group from the composition of the Sarajevo-Romanija Corps, numbering a total of 3,000 fighters, and representing the main part of the Serb forces within the “PANCIR-2” operation. Colonel Milorad Stupar, the commander of the 72nd Special Brigade of the Yugoslav Army, was named as commander of the fighting group. The attacks of Serb forces, with the participation of Special detachments of the Yugoslav Army and State Security Agency of Serbia, in their first phase lasted from 21 to 27 December 1993, when the 72nd Special Brigade suffered a heavy defeat in the battles on Betanija and Orahov Brijeg. Due to the suffered losses, this detachment was incapable of further military action and it was ordered to retreat to Belgrade. Instead of it, parts of the Guards Motorized Brigade were directed into Vogošća. During January, these units were engaged in battle activities of somewhat diminished intensity on the lines of Sarajevo’s defence, because in the meantime the focus of the fighting was again shifted towards the Olovo-Vareš battlefield. Active participation of the units of the Yugoslav Army in the “PANCIR-2” operation was discontinued by the end of January 1994. Their return to Belgrade was executed on 28 and 29 January in three marching columns with 45 vehicles, 3 tanks, 2 armoured vehicles, 2 self-propelled anti-aircraft guns PRAGA and one engineering machine.

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Minaev, Maxim. « Armed Forces in the present United States and Britain military policy. Main Trends ». Russia and America in the 21st Century, n^o 6 (2023) : 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760029541-2.

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The article presents the United States and United Kingdom Armed Forces evolvement main trends in the warfare below the threshold of war context. The point at issue is United States Special Operations Forces (US SOF), British Army and United Kingdom Special Forces (UKSF). The focus of the research paper on: the US Theater Special Operations Commands - Special Operations Command Africa, Special Operations Command Europe and others; British Army new units - Ranger Regiment, Army Special Operations Brigade, 11th Security Force Assistance Brigade and others. The organizational and establishment of these units, their warfighting and combat training functions, tactical battle employment the spot is on. The article consciously thinks the Future Soldier British Army reform program and its role in the battle units adapting to the new type of conflicts - hybrid warfare below the threshold of war. The special attention is given to the US Military Operation in Syria (Operation Inherent Resolve) and American-British military assistance to Ukraine Armed Forces. The article is also reviewing the CIA Special Activities Center military role in Ukraine and 22nd Special Air Service regiment (UKSF) Syria combat presence.

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van Groeningen, T., H. Driessen, J. Söhl et R. Vôute. « AN ULTRASONIC SENSOR FOR HUMAN PRESENCE DETECTION TO ASSIST RESCUE WORK IN LARGE BUILDINGS ». ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4/W7 (20 septembre 2018) : 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-w7-135-2018.

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Abstract. When the fire brigade arrives at a burning building, it is of vital importance that people who are still inside can quickly be found. Smart buildings should be able to expose this location data to the fire brigade working in a smart city. In this paper the feasibility is researched of using ultrasonic sound sensors for human presence detection in smoke-filled spaces. This type of sensor could assist the fire brigade when evacuating a large building by directing them to the places where their help is most needed. The advantage of ultrasonic sound over other sensors or cameras is that its signal is able to pierce through smoke, does not require badges or other wearable devices and introduces little privacy and security risks. In addition, ultrasonic sensors are very inexpensive making it possible to equip every room of a building with an ultrasonic presence detector. In this research both a preliminary ultrasound measuring device and signal processing algorithm have been designed. Testing results show that the walking movement of a person in an indoor area can be detected with the combination of the sensor and the algorithms. In addition, tests of the signal strength in smoke have shown that ultrasound is capable of “looking through” the smoke. The algorithm based on a particle filter allows for more information to be extracted from the relatively simple sensor signal by detecting human walking movement specifically and opens up the way for an ultrasound based indoor positioning system that can be used in emergency situations.

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Koreerat, Nicholas R., et Christina M. Koreerat. « Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Injuries in a Security Force Assistance Brigade Before, During, and After Deployment ». Military Medicine 186, Supplement_1 (1 janvier 2021) : 704–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa334.

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ABSTRACTIntroductionThe Security Force Assistance Brigades (SFABs) are specialized units designed to strengthen allied and partnered nations through advising, supporting, liaising, and assessing in support of U.S. national security interests and combatant commanders’ war fighting objectives. As the 1st SFAB was the pioneer unit, descriptive analysis of the musculoskeletal injures and body regions occurring before, during, and after deployment was previously unavailable, limiting the ability of embedded holistic health and fitness teams to proactively address the unit’s musculoskeletal needs and medical readiness.Materials and MethodsPhysical therapists collected and retrospectively analyzed data from 4597 encounters over 19 months: 4 months before, 9 months during, and 4 months after deployment using descriptive statistics.ResultsPhysical therapy encounters averaged 124 per month during pre-deployment preparation, 363 per month during deployment, and 206 per month post-deployment. The most common musculoskeletal injuries identified during pre-deployment were to the lumbar spine (31.8%), knee (18.1%), and shoulder (9.1%). The most common areas of injury during deployment were to the lumbar spine (28.4%), thoracic spine (18.3%), and shoulder (14.0%). The most common post-deployment injuries consulted were to the lumbar spine (21.3), shoulder (19.6%), and knee (17.8%).ConclusionMusculoskeletal injuries are a concern that may limit medical readiness in the SFABs in the time of before, during, and after deployment. Low back pain is the primary musculoskeletal injury of the 1st SFAB throughout the entire deployment cycle. Based on these findings, recommendations include embedding injury prevention programs to address low back pain to improve medical readiness. More research is required to assess the effectiveness of these programs in reducing incidents of musculoskeletal injuries before, during, and after deployment cycles.

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Anwar Hidayat, Zarisnov Arafat et Nursidik. « TINJAUAN YURIDIS PERAN BRIGADE MOBIL (BRIMOB) DALAM MENANGANI KONFLIK BERSENJATA DI WILAYAH PAPUA DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN PASAL 2 PERATURAN KEPALA KEPOLISIAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 8 TAHUN 2013 TENTANG TEKNIS PENANGANAN KONFLIK SOSIAL ». Justisi Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 7, n^o 1 (1 avril 2022) : 13–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36805/jjih.v7i1.2293.

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Persoalan Papua merupakan persoalan bangsa yang perlu dengan seksama diuraisecara jelas sesuai pada ketentuan dari amanat konstitusi Undang-Undang DasarRepublik Indonesia 1945. Menghindari dari suatu masalah yang ada pada wilayahPapua (baik Provinsi Papua atau Provinsi Papua Barat) merupakan sebuah sikapyang inkonstitusional. Pemerintah Republik Indonesia sangat memahami sebuahpesan konstitusi tersebut serta dalam mencapai upaya-upaya pembenahan selaludilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya Brimob Dalammenangani konflik bersenjata di wilayah Papua ditinjau dari Pasal 2 PeraturanKepala Kepolisian Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 2013 Tentang TeknisPenanganan Konflik Sosial dan Bagaimana cara brigade mobil mengatasihambatan-hambatan dalam menangani konflik bersenjata di Wilayah Papua. Padapenelitian ini penulis memakai pendekatan secara yuridis empiris yakni penelitiandengan mengadakan di lapangan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan penulis dalampenelitian ini adalah penelitian deksriptif dengan menggunakan metode studikepustakaan dan studi lapangan yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan logikadeduktif. Adapun kesimpulan penulis adalah Dengan melakukan suatu strategidengan melalui penerapan pendekatan secara lunak serta apabila dengan kerassecara simultan ini, tentu gerakan insurgensi bersifat separatis Papua relatif mampuditangani, meskipun belum selesai. Namun apabila didasarkan pada prinsippenanganan insurgensi dengan menekankan pada aspek melalui dukungan publik, legitimasi politis dan/atau propaganda, sehingga prinsip-prinsip tersebut mamputerpenuhi secara dengan upaya pendekatan yang lunak (deradikalisasi dankesejahteraan) serta pilihan penegakan hukum sebagai bentuk pendekatan keras Kata Kunci : Konflik, Papua, Peran Brigade Mobil The Papua problem is a national problem that needs to be thoroughly parsed inaccordance with the provisions of the constitutional mandate of the 1945 Constitutionof the Republic of Indonesia. Avoiding a problem that exists in the Papua region (eitherPapua Province or West Papua Province) is an unconstitutional attitude. TheGovernment of the Republic of Indonesia really understands a message of theconstitution and ef orts to reform are always being made. This study aims to measurethe security of Brimob in the prevention of armed conflict in the Papua region in termsof Article 2 of the Indonesian National Police Chief Regulation Number 8 of 2013concerning Technical Handling of Social Conflict and How mobile brigades overcomeobstacles in conflict conflicts in Papua Region. In this study the authors used ajuridical approach, namely conducting research in the field. The type of research usedby the writer in this research is descriptive research using literature study methods andfield studies which are analyzed using deductive logic. The writer's entry is By carryingout a strategy by applying the approach, and simultaneously, of course, the Papuanseparatist insurgency movement is relatively capable, although it is not yet finished. However, the principles of handling insurgency with an emphasis on aspects of publicsupport, political legitimacy and / or propaganda, so that these principles can befulfilled by means of a soft approach (deradicalisation and welfare) and the choice oflaw enforcement in the form of a hard approach Keywords: Conflict, Papua, Role of the Mobile Brigade

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De Souza, Graziene Carneiro. « MONUSCO : a atuação brasileira em operações de paz robustas ». Brasiliana : Journal for Brazilian Studies 3, n^o 2 (24 mars 2015) : 169–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25160/bjbs.v3i2.20232.

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The Resolution 2098 of the UN Security Council (UNSC) of March 28th 2013 authorized with originality, the creation of a Force Intervention Brigade to work in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Although the appointed Brazilian General to command MONUSCO does not operate as an official representative of Brazil but instead as an UN official, this action reinforces the interest of Brazil on UN peace operations. Stressing the Brazilian efforts to win a seat as a permanent member of the UNSC and considering its participation since 1956, in 47 UN peacekeeping missions, this article questions the Brazilian’s intention and capacity to be active in robust operations.Keywords: MONUSCO, Brazilian participation, military capability.

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Binney, Connor, David Medina, John Silvers, Nicholas Steinhaus et Patrick DuBois. « Integrating Open Source Intelligence into the Brigade Combat Team at Combat Training Centers ». Industrial and Systems Engineering Review 8, n^o 1 (6 mars 2021) : 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37266/iser.2020v8i1.pp24-30.

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Open source intelligence (OSINT) is a rapidly expanding intelligence discipline in the Intelligence Community (IC), both in scope and impact to national security. US Army organizations conduct pre-deployment training and validation at combat training centers (CTC) across the full spectrum of warfare. Military intelligence professionals are tested on their ability to collect and analyze data using each of the intelligence disciplines. However, OSINT is the only intelligence discipline that is not currently graded at CTCs. Although there are various reasons why OSINT is not being sufficiently evaluated, this project focuses on the lack of defined OSINT evaluation criteria and endeavors to develop defined task, conditions, standards, and evaluation criteria for the planning and execution of OSINT operations. This project is sponsored by the Army OSINT Office (AOO) who is the proponent and capability developer for Army OSINT.

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Pieczywok, Andrzej, Zbigniew Dziamski, Małgorzata Schneider et Waldemar Nowosielski. « Forming of sense of security of Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship based on example of Voluntary Fire Brigade ». Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Technika, Informatyka, Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa 6 (2018) : 497–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/tiib.2018.06.36.

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Mika, Otakar Jiří, Lubomír Polívka, Karel Malinovský et Tomáš Matýs. « Medis-Alarm Significant Database of Hazardous Substances in Czech Republic ». Chemické listy 118, n^o 3 (15 mars 2024) : 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54779/chl20240169.

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This article deals with the security of the population and the fire brigade, which uses the Czech database of hazardous substances, Medis-Alarm. This database is connected with the long-term operation of the proven safety transport system TRINS (transport, information and accident system) in the Czech Republic. The Medis-Alarm database is the most widespread one used in the Czech Republic. In this paper, this database is therefore characterized and described in detail, and various possibilities of its use at universities are indicated. The article also aims to provoke a public professional discussion on the necessary increase of the safety of both the population and rescuers and the improvement of environmental protection in the Czech Republic.

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Fellner, Radosław, et Adrian Burnos. « UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES IN OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES EXAMPLE OF SELECTED VOLUNTEER FIRE BRIGADE UNITS ». Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP 86 (26 juin 2023) : 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7153.

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This article presents the results of research concerning the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs) in operations in selected Voluntary Fire Brigade (VFB) units. In addition to literatureresearch, a survey method was used. A SWOT analysis was also carried out based on the answersprovided in the questionnaires. The provided information shows that VFBs most often use UAVsfor searching for missing persons, monitoring mass events, tracking illegal rubbish dumps, aswell as during firefighting operations including monitoring of large area fires. Also noted weresuch cases of UAV usage as smoke surveys from chimneys, monitoring of internal fires, locatingwild boar herds during African swine fever (ASF) or initial assessment of the health of an injuredperson. As part of the SWOT analysis, 12 strengths and weaknesses of the UAV were identified,as well as 5 opportunities and threats related to their implementation and application. The articleends with conclusions and recommendations for further research and implementation related toUAVs. This may serve to assure further development of this technology and give an overview ofany pros and cons of its implementation in operational activities in the general security and safetysector, including rescue units.

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Fraenkel, Nadav. « The Creation of the Nahal Settlement Enterprise ». IYUNIM Multidisciplinary Studies in Israeli and Modern Jewish Society 36 (25 décembre 2021) : 68–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51854/bguy-36a124.

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During the days of the British Mandate in Palestine, the leadership of the Hebrew Yishuv developed the concept of security settlements, i.e., settlements established on the frontier to provide security along the borders of the future state. The concept was put into practice with the Nahal (acronyms of Pioneer Youth Warrior) Brigade settlement enterprise which set up dozens of settlements from 1951 onwards. The first six settlements were founded by ‘lone’ soldiers: immigrants from Eastern Europe and Islamic countries, and natives who did not have a youth movement or pioneering background. The article offers an account of the creation of the Nahal settlement enterprise which adds to the existing research on the subject in two ways. Firstly, it identifies some of the stages in the historical process that have not as yet been adequately described. Secondly, contrary to existing research which claims that the attempt to integrate lone soldiers within the Nahal settlement enterprise failed and had no long-term effects, we argue that the integration achieved most of its goals.

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Enkh-Amgalan, S., P. D. Gunin, Yu I. Drobyshev, S. N. Basha, D. Amgalanbaatar et B. Baasandorzh. « Modern use of pastures and watering security in the Middle Gobi aimak, Mongolia (by example of Rashaant brigade) ». Arid Ecosystems 2, n^o 1 (janvier 2012) : 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2079096112010040.

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Chmiel, Michał, Tomasz Popielarczyk, Ilona Majka et Marta Iwańska. « SAFETY OF RESCUE ACTIVITIES AND OPERATIONS IN THE ASPECT OF TRAINING OF VOLUNTEER FIRE BRIGADE FIREFIGHTERS IMPLEMENTED IN THE “FLORIAN” HARBOUR FIRE SERVICE LTD. IN GDANSK ». Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP 1, n^o 88 (12 décembre 2023) : 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.1463.

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Purpose: The purpose of the article is to discuss the training system and forms of improving rescueskills of members of volunteer fire brigades, as well as to present training topics and programmesimplemented by the Training and Improvement Centre of the “FLORIAN” Harbour Fire Servicein Gdansk. The article also addresses the impact of volunteer fire brigade (VFB) firefighter trainingon the safety of their rescue activities and rescue operations.Introduction: One of the ways in which the state fulfils its obligations to its citizens is by providinga well-functioning security system, which comprises entities and non-governmental organisationsresponsible for countering threats to civilization and the environment (Zwęgliński, Radkowski,2020). Such organisations include volunteer fire brigades (Zając, 2018). Owing to the progressof civilization, volunteer fire brigades play an increasingly important role in the national internalsecurity system. The scope of their activities continues to grow. It is worth noting that over the pastfew years the nature of rescue operations carried out by volunteer fire brigades and the assistancethey provide has changed. Presently, there are fewer fires, while the number of road accidents andlocal dangers, such as local flooding, floods, broken/collapsed trees and damaged buildings hasincreased. In addition to fighting fires and battling natural disasters, members of the volunteer firebrigades also carry out technical, medical, chemical or environmental rescue tasks (Forjas, 2020).In particular, a key role is played by VFB units comprised by the national rescue and firefightingsystem, which must meet a number of requirements among other things in terms of having thenecessary equipment at disposal, remaining ready to undertake rescue operations, as well ascompleted training (Marjański, 2017, pp. 137–138). The participation of authorised VFB membersin a wide range of rescue operations requires that they be properly trained, which can be achievedthrough a system of training and forms of improving rescue skills.Methodology: The article has been drafted on the basis of principles developed by the NationalHeadquarters of the State Fire Service for the preparation of volunteer firefighters to participate inrescue operations, training programmes for VFB rescue firefighters and available literature on the subject. The paper also draws on the training materials of the Training and Improvement Centreof the “FLORIAN” Harbour Fire Service in Gdansk and the authors’ experience.Conclusions: The growing range of rescue operations carried out by volunteer fire brigadesrequires that its members be properly trained and that their rescue skills be continuously improved.Training in simulators makes it possible to perform a simulation of a real fire and demonstrate thecharacteristic phenomena accompanying it. It also has a significant impact on raising awarenessamong trainees of the fire hazards of working in a fire environment. One of the centres providingsuch training in Poland is the Training and Improvement Centre of the Harbour Fire Service in Gdansk.

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Pavlov, K, A., et O. B. Klochkov. « Protection of State Border in Caucasus at End of 19th Century : Karsk Border Brigade ». Nauchnyi dialog, n^o 5 (28 mai 2021) : 413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-5-413-426.

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The process of formation and development of the protection of the state border in the Caucasus at the end of the 19th century (using the example of the Karsk border brigade) is analyzed in the article. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in historical research insufficient attention is paid to the protection of the state border in the Caucasus by border guard units at the end of the 19th century. It is shown that under the conditions of the introduction of protective customs duties, as a result of which smuggling activities began to develop actively, without specialized units, the Russian Empire was unable to protect its economic interests in the border space in the Caucasus. It is noted that the development of the state border guard system was carried out in a tense, unstable military-political situation, accompanied by constant armed clashes with bandit formations. It is indicated that in these conditions, the protection of the state border was carried out by the border guards together with military units, which in turn negatively affected the quality of the protection of the economic interests of the Russian Empire in the region. It is concluded that the development of the system for protecting the state border in the Caucasus was a consequence of the existing threats to national security in the region.

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De Souza, Graziene Carneiro. « Islands of Stability : new conception on the use of force regarding the implementation of protection of civilians ». Brazilian Journal of International Relations 5, n^o 2 (6 août 2016) : 431–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2016.v5n2.09.p431.

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This article proposes that the normative context of the use of force is being modified by a new way to implement the Protection of Civilians (PoC). Resolution 2098 of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) created a Force Intervention Brigade (FIB) with an unprecedented mandate to implement the use of force preemptively. In this context, the objective of this paper is to evidence that the FIB’s offensive actions resulted in the emergence of the “Islands of Stability” concept, which represents a new method to implement the PoC. In order to elaborate this method, a review of literature, news papers and official documents was undertaken, as well as interviews with MONUSCO officials. Its outcome is a significant update, adaptation and evolution on the use of force in peace operations that aims to influence the general debate regarding military intervention and PoC. Key Words: Use of force, MONUSCO, FIB, Protection of Civilians, Islands of Stability.Resumo: Este artigo propõe que o contexto normativo sobre o uso da força está sendo modificado por uma nova forma de implementação da Protecção de Civis (PoC). A Resolução 2098 do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas criou uma Força de Brigada de Intervenção (FIB) com mandato sem precedentes para implementar o uso da força preventivamente. As ações ofensivas da FIB resultaram na emergência do conceito de Ilhas de Estabilidade, apresentando novo processo da operacionalização da PoC. Isso significa nova atualização, adaptação e evolução do uso da força em operações de paz; e, portanto, influencia o debate geral sobre a intervenção militar e a PoC.Palavras-Chave: Uso da força, MONUSCO, FIB, Proteção de Civis, Ilhas de Estabilidade.

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Humayun, Mamoona, Noor Zaman Jhanjhi et Abdullah Almotilag. « Real-Time Security Health and Privacy Monitoring for Saudi Highways Using Cutting-Edge Technologies ». Applied Sciences 12, n^o 4 (19 février 2022) : 2177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12042177.

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Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) highways hold the record for having the straightest, longest highways in the world. Since the country’s major population centers are dispersed across the country and due to the country’s geography, which includes valleys, deserts, and mountains, among other landscapes, these highways connect the many cities of the kingdom and neighboring nations. However, it is still challenging to provide emergency assistance in a timely way in the case of accidents, such as first aid, medical aid, police protection, etc. The transport ministry is actively working on improvements and safety features for the drivers. This research proposes a CET (cutting-edge technologies)-based model named the real-time security, health, and privacy monitoring model for passenger safety (RTSHPMP) for securing the traveler’s safety and privacy besides medical and legal help. The vehicle will be equipped with IoT-based front-back cameras to collect real-time data and share it with the cloud using 5G network. The local and national trusted authorities (TAs) will monitor the collected cloud data and inform the government machinery (police, first aid, fire brigade, hospitals) in the case of an accident. In addition, the data collected through other vehicles on the road at the time of the incident will help supply evidence linked to the accident. The RTSHPMP was evaluated with the help of a case study, and the results show that it provides an efficient and secure mechanism for traveler safety on Saudi highways at the time of need.

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Suhartanto, Tri, et Indra Perwira. « The Difference of Authority between Satpol PP and Polri in Creating General Involvement ». International Journal of Science and Society 2, n^o 3 (5 juillet 2020) : 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v2i3.118.

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This study aims to analyze the differences in law enforcement authority between Civil Service Police Unit (Satpol Pamong Praja/ Satpol PP) and Indonesian National Police (Polri) in creating public order and peace of society and how the differences could cause an overlap in their implementation. The research method used is normative juridical legal research using a statutory, conceptual, and comparative approach. The results showed that differences in law enforcement authority between Satpol PP and Polri are in creating public order and peace of society. Satpol PP has an authority to maintain public order, while the National Police is more concerned with maintaining domestic security; Meanwhile, in carrying out their duties, the Satpol PP often overlaps and clashes with other law enforcers, especially the National Police. It cannot be denied that it often happens that the National Police finally have to become a "fire brigade" when carrying out their duties. The Satpol PP has to clash with the community, which then arises an anarchic situation. When in situations that could lead to further disturbance in security and public order, the National Police finally intervened. What often happened was that the National Police collided with the community because of the anarchist situation that had developed too far.

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Kocjancic, Klemen. « Španci v nemški službi na Slovenskem med drugo svetovno vojno ». Contributions to Contemporary History 56, n^o 2 (9 novembre 2016) : 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51663/pnz.56.2.01.

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SPANIARDS IN GERMAN SERVICE IN SLOVENIA DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAROn Slovenian territory during the Second World War were active different units of foreigners, which fought on the side of the German occupying force; among them were also two different units of Spanish volunteers. First unit, a half-battalion, was garrisoned in Lower Styria, specifically in Zasavje area, where it provided security for coal mines and railway. Second unit, of company strength, was integral part of brigade, then division of so called Karst hunters, based in Slovene Littoral, which was actively participating in counterinsurgency against Italian and Slovene partisans. Using critical analysis and interpretation of wartime sources and post-war literature article is presenting activity of Spanish volunteers in German service in Slovenia. Because of the size of both units Spaniards didn't significantly impact the progress of the Second World War in Slovenia, but are still part of Slovenian military and war history.

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Bianchi, F., G. C. Serra, M. G. Mezzetti, T. M. Romano, L. Corbo et R. Parabiaghi. « The Duties of the Fire Brigade in the Safety of the Rescue Staff in an Airport Disaster ». Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 1, n^o 2 (1985) : 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00065134.

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In serious emergency situations such as the aircraft crash, the medical staff can also be in danger. The risk for the medical and paramedical staff has two sources: (a) factors related to the cause of the accident; and (b) dangers occurring during rescue operations. It is necessary that the emergency staff look to their own security, and avoid exposing themselves to the risks associated with the panicking movements of frightened people (herd effect). The first aid station should be established in a position down-wind, to avoid the toxic smoke from fire. An essential condition is that the medical emergency staff is composed of people physically and psychologically suitable to the sudden effort and the acute stress.To reduce the risks associated with rescue operations training is essential, conducted under the supervision of experts from the Fire Brigade. A minimum program of training must be arranged between the physician in charge and the airport authorities, so as to reconcile the activities of the two parties and achieve co-ordination. The medical and paramedical staff must be trained to operate with a gas-mask or oxygen auto-respirator, necessary to prevent intoxication with compounds such as tri-o-cresyl phosphate, fire extinguisher compounds such as dibromodil-fluoromethane and bromocloromethane. Metabolites of air contaminants found in airport disasters are not well known. We summarize in the table some toxicologic data of interest.

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BANNELIER, KARINE, et THEODORE CHRISTAKIS. « Under the UN Security Council's Watchful Eyes : Military Intervention by Invitation in the Malian Conflict ». Leiden Journal of International Law 26, n^o 4 (8 novembre 2013) : 855–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156513000447.

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AbstractResponding to an urgent request by the authorities of Mali, France launched Operation Serval against several terrorist armed groups in January 2013. The French troops were assisted by a Chadian contingent and by forces progressively deployed by other African countries within a UNSC authorized African force (Resolution 2085). While the French and African military operations in Mali were clearly legal, they raise important questions of jus ad bellum in relation to the two legal arguments put forward to justify them: intervention by invitation, and UNSC authorization. In this paper we first discuss the general rules of international law applying to intervention by invitation. We explain that such an intervention could sometimes be contrary to the principle of self-determination and we propose a purpose-based approach. We then apply these rules to the situation in Mali and conclude that the French and Chadian interventions were legal because, on the one hand, the request was validly formulated by the internationally recognized government of Mali and, on the other hand, their legitimate purpose was to fight terrorism. The UNSC approved this legal basis and ‘helped’ France and Chad appeal validly to it by listing the enemy as ‘terrorist groups’. It gave its ‘blessing’ to these interventions, without authorizing them, and observed the events with relief. The adoption of Resolution 2100 on 25 April 2013 raises new legal questions. The Council creates a UN peace enforcement mission in Mali, MINUSMA, which has a robust use-of-force mandate. Created just a few weeks after the DRC Intervention Brigade, this force seems to indicate an ongoing evolution (revolution?) in UN peacekeeping, notwithstanding the assurances by some UNSC member states that MINUSMA will avoid ‘offensive counter-terrorism operations’. At the same time Resolution 2100 gives a restricted use-of-force mandate to France (to protect MINUSMA), without challenging the legal validity of intervention by invitation for all other tasks. The conflict in Mali might thus remain for some time yet between the latitude of UNSC authorization and the longitude of unilateral intervention by invitation.

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Zapart, Robert. « Możliwości recepcji emigracyjnych wzorców edukacji wojskowej i wychowania obywatelskiego we współczesnych organizacjach proobronnych ». Polityka i Społeczeństwo 20, n^o 4 (2022) : 392–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/polispol.2022.4.27.

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The paper is an attempt at analysing the possibilities of implementing the emigrant patterns of military and civic education in modern non-governmental pro-defence organisations. In the light of the thesis presented by the author, building an intergenerational bridge, within which the knowledge and experience gained while on forced exile is transferred to such an organisation, may, possibly by referring to non-Communist models and traditions of the Second Polish Republic, increase, among the young generation seeking new incentives, the level of their public participation with a special focus on their active participation within the system of national security, thus constituting an important foundation for building the ethos of service for the Fatherland. The above process may be supported by the author’s recommendations that are based on the achievements of one of the emigrant military circles, or the Brigade Young Group “Pogoń” [Polish: Brygadowe Koło Młodych “Pogoń”] and the Józef Piłsudski Riflemen's Association “Rifleman” [Polish: Związek Strzelecki “Strzelec” Józefa Piłsudskiego], which has a similar profile and is the subsequent domestic equivalent of the first organisation. Experience gained while on forced exile may to some extent also be useful for other entities that pursue similar tasks outside the borders of their own country.

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Ręcławowicz, Stanisław, et Janusz Adam Wrzesiński. « Krajowy system ratowniczo-gaśniczy w systemie bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego państwa ». Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 106 (13 décembre 2016) : 331–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.106.28.

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NATIONAL FIREFIGHTING AND RESCUE SYSTEM NFRS IN THE STATE INTERNAL SECURITY SYSTEMNational Firefighting and Rescue System was formed on 1 January 1995 under the Act of 24August 1991. The Act, which initiated achange in our state internal security system, changing its paramilitary character into civilian. Despite the laws of abygone era of communism the creation of the State Fire Service as aseparate formation within the Ministry of Internal Affairs allowed „the exclusion” of organizational units of the fire brigade of the Civil Defence so-called „rescue units group”.This formation was obliged to create the National Rescue and Fire Fighting, possessing the power switch to the system of other units of fire protection services, inspections, internships, institutions and entities that voluntarily on the basis of acivil contract agreed to cooperate in rescue operations.This system gives permission to the Chief Commander in the State Fire Service, Provincial and District Heads to determine respectively in the country, province or district the tasks, coordinate operation and manage it in extreme situation.The Provincial Governor and the District Head carry out their tasks with the appropriate provincial and district crisis management team, operating under the Act of 26 April 2007. Crisis Management Dz.U. Journal of Laws No. 89, item. 590, as amended. Amendment 2.The Village Head has the authority supervised by the mayor or city president, who coordinates the operation of the National Firefighting and Rescue System within the municipality to the extent determined by the Provincial Governor. In other words, the system enables the interaction of organizational units of government, local government, private entities and public benefit organizations. The relevant Governors play ameaningful role in this system. They perform tasks and powers of the State Fire Service with the help of provincial commanders of the State Fire Service in the province.

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Kolomiitsev, O., V. Obriadin et S. Horelyshev. « INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUPPORT THE ADOPTION OF A MILITARY DECISION IN ACCORDANCE WITH NATO STANDARDS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TASKS IN THE FIELD OF STATE SECURITY ». STATE SECURITY 1, n^o 1 (2023) : 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33405/2786-8613/2023/1/1/288259.

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The military decision in the field of state security is taken by the government or the military command, which uses military force to defend the state from aggression. The military decision at the present stage is taken at different levels of military command (strategic, operational, tactical). Standardization of the military decision-making process according to NATO standards opens the way for the wide use of information and analytical technologies by the management bodies of the unit in the planning of service and combat operations in the field of state security. The presence of an information and analytical system for supporting management processes in the automated management system of the unit staff allows to accelerate the process of making military decisions by the brigade management body, as well as to ensure effective interaction and better implementation of the combat capabilities of subordinate units and subunits. The article discusses the issues of implementing information and analytical technologies in the process of making a military decision in accordance with NATO standards in the implementation of service and combat tasks. On the basis of the automated control system of the unit command post with the use of the Arc View GIS version 3.3 geographic information system, the sequence of work of the structural units of the management body at the stages of development, analysis and comparison of options for the method of performing the service and combat task is proposed. Standardization of the procedures of the process of making a military decision by the tactical command bodies leads to the use of automated control tools at the unit command post in order to improve the methods of work of the staff officers and leads to a reduction in its organizational and staffing structure.

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Ida Friatna, Jalilah et Tajul Muna Raya Guna. « PERTANGGUNG JAWABAN RISIKO KERJA PADA KARYAWAN PEMADAM KEBAKARAN DALAM PERSPEKTIFAKAD IJARAH ‘ALA AL-AMAL ». Al-Mudharabah : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah 4, n^o 2 (12 février 2024) : 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/al-mudharabah.v4i2.4248.

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The profession of a firefighter carries very high safety risks. Legal review in firefighting work using the Ijārah 'Ala al-A'mal agreement. The problems studied in this research are to find out, first, how to minimize work risks among Banda Aceh City Fire Department employees; second, what is the level of awareness of Banda Aceh City Fire Department employees regarding work risks; and third, what forms of party responsibility exist. Banda Aceh City firefighters in the perspective of the Ijārah 'Ala al-A'mal Agreement. The research method used in this research is descriptive-qualitative, and data collection was carried out using field research and library research. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, and documentation. The research results show that efforts are made to minimize work risks with available facilities and infrastructure. Awareness of work risks among fire department employees is still lacking. The form of responsibility of the Banda Aceh City fire brigade in the perspective of the Ijarah 'Ala Al-Amal agreement based on the regulations used in work risk responsibility is in accordance with the Ijarah 'Ala Al-Amal agreement; however, it is very unfortunate that there are differences in the social security obtained, which employees Civil servants get BPJS employment, while contract employees do not get BPJS guarantees or any benefits, so officers cannot submit claims for work accident insurance because they are not insured by the government.

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Ali, Hannatu, et Sadiq Inuwa. « Post- Civil War Developments in Nigeria : Issues, Challenges and the Establishment of NATSINTA Army Barracks, Katsina, 1970-2020 ». NIU Journal of Humanities 9, n^o 1 (31 mars 2024) : 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.58709/niujhu.v9i1.1835.

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The paper examines the post-Nigerian Civil War developments that led to the establishment of Natsinta Army Barracks, Katsina. Prior to 1966, the total strength of the Nigerian Army was merely 10,000. However, at the end of the war, the figure had risen to 250,000. This posed a serious challenge because the available barracks could not contain more than 10% of the personnel. In view of this, the Nigerian Army instructed the soldiers to leave the East because the region was saturated with artificial barracks. On the May 1, 1970 the 82-battalion arrived Katsina from Uli-Ahiala. They were accommodated at Sabongida, Gidan Kwakwa, Kayalwa, GRA and some hotels, as well as rented apartments in the city. By 1977, the project for a permanent barracks was completed at Natsinta Village. The barracks housed the 82 battalion and in 1996 the 35 battalion replaced them. The scope of the paper is 1970-2020 because it was in 1970 that 82 battalion arrived Katsina. The year 2020 is the terminal end of the paper because it was in that year that residential quarters for the personnel of 17 brigade was constructed in the barracks. The paper argues that the establishment of the barrack was a landmark in the history of modern Katsina metropolis. Natsinta had impacts on the socio-economic and security aspect of Katsina. Primary and secondary sources of historical research were used in writing this paper. Keywords: Natsinta, Sabongida, Katsina, Army Barracks, Battalion, Civil war.

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Cheng, Zeyang, Jian Lu, Zhenshan Zu et Yunxuan Li. « Speeding Violation Type Prediction Based on Decision Tree Method : A Case Study in Wujiang, China ». Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (27 juin 2019) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8650845.

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The speeding violation has become a key concern in the traffic safety management, as it increases the risk of traffic crashes, as well as the severity of these crashes. This uncivilized phenomenon is prominent and presents an increasing trend in Wujiang in recent years, which severely endangers the road traffic safety. This study is approved by the Traffic Police Brigade of Wujiang Public Security Bureau and aims to explore the characteristic of the speeding violation behaviour and attempt to make an effective prediction about it. This study proposes a speeding violation type (including type 1 and type 2) prediction method using electronic law enforcement data obtained from the public security administration of Wujiang. Before the prediction, a speeding violation influence factor analysis based on the binary logical regression model is proposed. The binary logical regression analysis identifies that the license plate, season, speeding area, position, and rainfall are the influence factors of Wujiang’s speeding violation. Then a decision tree method is used to predict the speeding violation type according to the influence factors, and from which the speeding violation situations can be determined. The prediction results demonstrate that under the hypothetical conditions, the high speeding violation level (i.e., type 2) tends to occur under high rainfall environment, and the foreign license plate and autumn present a larger probability of high speeding violation level than the local license plate and other seasons (i.e., spring, summer, and winter), respectively. Finally, a model comparison between the proposed method and other tree-based approaches is conducted. The comparison results show that the decision tree method outperforms other methods in prediction performance (including accuracy, precision, recall, and classification error), runtime, and ROC curve, which indicates that the decision tree method is feasible in predicting the speeding violation type of Wujiang. Based on the findings, the traffic managers can macroscopically grasp the speeding violation situation of the whole road networks, which can be referred for making the related polices and taking intervention measures.

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Rode, Sanjay. « Financing capital expenditure through municipal bond market in Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation ». Public and Municipal Finance 8, n^o 1 (26 avril 2019) : 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/pmf.08(1).2019.02.

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In India, the urban local bodies do not have decentralization in various functions. Therefore, municipal corporations find various issues in functioning and revenue generation. It has resulted into either shortfall or low quality infrastructure services to people. The Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation is developed as modern municipal corporation. Municipal corporation invested financial resources in development for civic infrastructure. Therefore, population, industries, educational institutions, markets, transport and other facilities are expanding very fast. The ordinary least square regression results shows that the municipal corporation has positive co-relation with revenue receipts from LBT, property tax and town planning. The revenue expenditure is positively co-related with municipal estate, public health and hospitals, primary and secondary education. The engineering work for poor is negatively correlated with revenue expenditure. The capital receipts are positively co-related with fire brigade, auditorium, sports and cultural programs and security deposits and water supply. The capital expenditure is positively co-related to women and child welfare schemes, primary education, environment monitoring. It is negatively co-related with dumping grounds. The municipal corporation must raise funds from capital market through municipal bonds. More investment must be made in civic infrastructure. Similarly, corporation must spend more funds on poor, welfare of women and children. Municipal corporation must monitor and protect environment. It must give more priorities for processing of solid and e-waste, protect local culture, primary and secondary education, health care for all and technology in provision of civic services. It must develop human resource and create best place to live in metropolitan region.

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Burnos, Adrian. « SYSTEMIC CIVIL PROTECTION IN CONDITIONS OF LIMITED RESOURCES OF FIRE BRIGADE UNITS IN POLAND IN THE EVENT OF A PANDEMIC. EXAMPLE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN POLAND ». Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP 2, n^o 88 (27 mars 2024) : 223–146. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.4535.

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Ensuring an adequate level of security should be the responsibility of every civilised developedcountry. The overall functioning of the civil protection system depends on the efficiency of thedecision-making entities, which are entities of the public administration at various levels andthe executive entities such as fire protection units, the Police, the Armed Forces, the MedicalRescue System, etc. Each of the aforementioned institutions and organisations has at itsdisposal the resources that are necessary to maintain organisational capacity and to maintaincontinuity of operations. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on society, as wellas on administrative entities, organisations and institutions. Its impact created a very high riskof adverse effects that affected organisational resources. The aim of this article is to determinehow to systemically ensure the civil protection under conditions of limited institutional resourcesin the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Fire protection units, more specifically organisationalunits of the State Fire Service and volunteer fire services, were taken as an analytical basis. It wasinvestigated by means of empirical research, quantitative and qualitative research methods onhow the COVID-19 pandemic affected the resources of these fire protection units, in particular:human, financial, information and material resources. The results of the research were analysedand used to define guidelines and a system model of providing civil protection in conditions oflimited resources of fire protection units in Poland in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Gottschalk, Keith. « African Peacekeeping and African Integration : Current Challenges ». Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, n^o 4 (15 décembre 2020) : 678–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-4-678-686.

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Peacekeeping and economic union are the two most important dimensions of African integration. The first section of this article aims to analyse some current challenges to African peacekeeping, peacemaking, and African integration. The continuing Libyan civil war epitomizes the diplomatic stalemates and military stalemates which form the limits of current African peacekeeping. It exposes the North African Regional Capability and North African Standby Brigade as paper structures which do not exist operationally, and so limit the capacity of the African Union’s Peace and Security Council. The military intervention of states outside Africa can polarize conflicts and escalate civil wars. Africa’s colonial epoch serves as a warning of the potential dangers of foreign military bases in Africa. In parts of West Africa, states sub-contract peacemaking and anti-terrorist operations to unsupervised local militias, which are lawless at best, and commit ethnic killings at worst. African integration fares better in the economic dimension. The second section analyses African integration, with its focus on the most recent step of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), which starts to lay the cornerstone envisaged four decades ago in the Lagos Plan of Action, and three decades ago in the Abuja Treaty for an African Economic Community. The historic track record of African continental organizations indicates that a decade will be a realistic minimum period for it to be substantially implemented. The Pan-African Payment and Settlement System will help operationalize the AfCFTA by lowering forex currency transaction charges. Severe difficulties can be predicted for future attempts to upgrade the AfCFTA into a continental customs union, and ultimately into a continental common market.

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Kurniawan, Mohammad Bagus, et Roos Yuliastina. « PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DAN BUDAYA ORGANISASI TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA ANGGOTA KORPS BRIMOB POLRI ». PUBLIC CORNER 16, n^o 1 (31 octobre 2021) : 58–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24929/fisip.v16i1.1620.

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Abstract This research was conducted to examine the influence of leadership styles that focus on autocratic leadership styles, transactional leadership styles, and organizational culture on job satisfaction of members of the Police Mobile Brigade Corps. The focus of the study in this research is to members of Brimob, considering that the role of Brimob is very important and strategic in supporting the main duties of the Police in the field of maintaining security and order, so that the positive behavior and attitudes of Brimob members in carrying out their duties in the field are strongly influenced by job satisfaction of organizational members. The success of Brimob's main duties is largely determined by the quality of human resources as the most important asset in the organization, so it can be interpreted that all Brimob members need job satisfaction so that they can carry out their duties properly. Keywords:Leadership Style; Transactional; Autocratic; Organizational Culture, Job Satisfaction; Brimob. Abstrak Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan yang berfokus kepada gaya kepemimpinan otokratis, gaya kepemimpinan transaksional, dan budaya organisasi terhadap kepuasan kerja anggota Korps Brimob Polri. Fokus kajian dalam peneletian ini kepada anggota Brimob mengingat peran Brimob sangatlah penting dan strategis di dalam mendukung tugas pokok Polri dibidang pemeliharaan keamanan dan ketertiban, sehingga perilaku dan sikap positif anggota Brimob di dalam melaksanakan tugas dilapangan sangat dipengaruhi oleh kepuasan kerja anggota organisasi. Keberhasilan tugas pokok Brimob sangat ditentukan oleh kualitas sumber daya manusia sebagai aset yang paling penting dalam organisasi, sehingga dapat dimaknai bahwa seluruh anggota Brimob membutuhkan kepuasan kerja agar mereka dapat melaksanakan tugasnya dengan baik. Kata kunci: Gaya Kepemimpinan; Transaksional; Otokratis ; Budaya Organisasi, Kepuasan Kerja; Brimob.

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Zimmer, C. M., K. T. Kallis et F. J. Giebel. « Micro-structured electron accelerator for the mobile gas ionization sensor technology ». Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 4, n^o 1 (14 avril 2015) : 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-151-2015.

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Abstract. Mobile and economically priced gas monitoring and warning systems will become increasingly important for civil security, such as in fire brigade operations in undefined hazardous environments (Daum et al., 2006). Normally, photoionization detectors (PIDs) are used for the detection of gases. Hereby, the principle is based upon the ionization of the measured gas by photons, which are generated by a high-energetic gas discharge lamp with energy of 10–11 eV. Besides the detrimental unspecific gas detection because of the ionization of all gases with ionization potential (IP) below the provided photon energy, sensors also have a short lifetime combined with a high cost (http://www.intlsensor.com/pdf/photoionization.pdf). This can be remedied by the concept of an electronic supported photoionization detector (ePID; Zimmer et al., 2012) consisting of a durable UV-LED with an above-positioned electron accelerator chip manufactured on a glass substrate by planar technology. Photoelectrons are extracted by UV illumination out of the bottom electrode and will be accelerated to an energy matching the ionization potential of the gas by a downstream acceleration grid. Thereby, the stable honeycomb-structured grid acts as a porous separator between the evacuated electron acceleration path due to nm scaling and the ionization area of the detector. To enhance the emitting area yielding a higher photoelectron current, the grid structure almost levitates, realized by the use of compatible planar technological processes such as reactive ion etching (RIE) and isotropic wet etching of sacrificial layers, which will be explained in detail in this paper. Furthermore, the tunability of the grid's acceleration voltage would enable a substance-specific determination of the gas composition, where the ionization of the analytes is clearly performed by photoelectrons instead of photons.

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Hacham, Amit. « Kibbutz Nitzanim in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War : The Human Aspect ». Iyunim Multidisciplinary Studies in Israeli and Modern Jewish Society 39 (31 décembre 2023) : 37–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51854/bguy-39a152.

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In this study, I examine new aspects regarding the state of Kibbutz Nitzanim during the First Arab-Israeli War. Based on a microhistory approach of bottom-up and inside-out research, this article sheds light on the day-to-day reality in the Kibbutz, which included enthusiastic work and anxiety; feelings of discrimination and pride; bitterness and elation; all woven together to reflect people's natural – and occasionally touching – reactions. Most surviving documents of that time, such as official letters, journals, telegrams, and personal memoires, can be found at the Massuah Archive, the IDF and Defense Establishment Archives, and the Kibbutz Archive, and these have been the basis of my study. This archival material, as well as the nature of the connections that kibbutz members had with each other and themselves, shed light on the relations they formed with the enforcements, the regional brigade (Givati), and the political-security establishment. These relations deeply affected the spirit of Nitzanim residents during the siege and played a big part in determining the results of the battle over the position. Over the years, many profound discussions were held over the 1948 battle of Nitzanim. Thus far, this dispute over the reasons for the fall of Nitzanim and who was to blame for it, has left out a description of the 'simple people's' daily lives in the kibbutz. In this article, I aim to mend this. According to my findings, ordinary life (during this emergency) was highly influential and affected the endurance of soldiers there. For example, we can find descriptions of shows of leadership and solidarity alongside disciplinary infractions and despair. This polarity would eventually be conducive to the downfall of Kibbutz Nitzanim, which was captured on June 7th, 1948.

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Lima, Francisco Tallys Pereira de, Daniel Santiago Pereira et Ronaldo Roque Araújo. « Atuação do corpo de bombeiros do Ceará em ocorrências envolvendo abelhas africanizadas ». ACTA Apicola Brasilica 3, n^o 2 (31 décembre 2015) : 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/aab.v3i2.4473.

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O objetivo geral foi avaliar o serviço de atendimento às ocorrências envolvendo abelhas africanizadas, prestado pelo CBMCE (Corpo de Bombeiros Militar do Estado do Ceará) na RMF (Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza) no período de2008 a2010, para isso demonstrou-se o serviço de salvamento do CBMCE no enfrentamento das ocorrências envolvendo abelhas, historiou-se o processo do ciclo de vida da abelha africanizada e seus efeitos no ecossistema e expôs-se a visão dos gestores públicos acerca do enfrentamento institucional aos enxames de abelhas africanizadas nas áreas urbanas da RMF. A metodologia utilizada desenvolveu-se por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas na literatura específica e documental através de dados estatísticos do Centro Integrado de Operações de Segurança (CIOPS), entrevistas aos Oficiais gestores da área operacional do CBMCE, ao Comandante Geral do Corpo de Bombeiros e a um especialista da área de abelhas sociais. Tendo sido levantada a seguinte questão: O atual sistema de enfrentamento de enxames de abelhas africanizadas na RMF pelo CBMCE está conseguindo realizar harmonicamente a relação entre a segurança da população e a preservação dessa espécie de inseto? Portanto, concluímos pela necessidade da criação de parcerias contínuas entre o Corpo de Bombeiros Militar do Estado do Ceará e órgãos, públicos ou privados, especializados na área de apicultura.Performance of the Ceará fire brigade in occurrences involving Africanized beesThe general objective was to evaluate the response of Fire Department of Ceará to problems with Africanized bees on the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza, period 2008 to 2010, for this it show the rescue service of Fire Department of Ceará involving bees, to write the history of Africans bees’ lifecycle process and their effects on ecosystem and expose public managers’ point of view about institutional confrontation to the Africanized bees in urban areas of Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza. The methodology used developed through bibliographical searches in literature and documental through statistical data of Integrated Security Operations Center, interview with managers officers from operational areas of Fire Department of Ceará, with General Commander of Fire Department and a specialist in sociality bees. A question was did: is the actual system of Africans bees confrontation in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza by Fire Department of Ceará able to realize with harmony between people security and that bee specie? Therefore, we conclude for necessity to create continuous partnership between Fire Department of Ceará and publics or privates institutes, specialized in apiculture.

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Milošević, Anica, et Slađana Nedeljković. « SAFETY AND HEALTH IN THE WORK OF THE FIREFIGTERS ». Knowledge International Journal 28, n^o 6 (10 décembre 2018) : 2173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28062173a.

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Changes are happening everywhere, and the need to confront them is constant. Occupational safety and health protection is one of the fundamental rights of every human being, because the only safe work, healthy and safe working environment enable productive work and life. The Law on Safety and Health of Work regulates the implementation and improvement of the safety and health at work of persons involved in work processes, as well as persons encountered in the workplace, in order to prevent injuries at work, occupational diseases and diseases related to work. Namely, occupational injuries and occupational diseases are often accompanied by injuries, absenteeism from work that generates costs and expenditures because the worker does not work, the stagnation that occurs in production, and what significant funds are allocated for the treatment of workers, the compensation of his salary and other costs and expenditures that fall under the burden of employer and social security funds. The level of safety depends on the health and working capacity of employees, and therefore productivity within the company, which at the national level reflects on the level of national income. At the same time, by improving the protection of health at work and reducing the number of injuries at work, professional and other diseases, the burden on social security funds is reduced, which directly reflects the level of allocation of these funds on the basis of contributions and from the national budget. Therefore, the level of safety depends on the health and working capacity of employees, and therefore the productivity in the company, but also the ability of the working population at the national level, which affects the national income and standard of all citizens. A fireman is a member of a Fire Brigade aimed at extinguishing or controlling fire and fire styles, as well as protecting and rescuing persons and property during natural disasters and natural disasters, providing technical assistance in accidents and dangerous situations. In different countries, firefighters are organized differently, but they are characterized by a common will to protect man and his goods from uncontrolled fire. Firefighters are divided into professional and voluntary. Quality training is very important in fighting fire in order to intervene timely. Firefighters are in an unenviable position during interventions. Personal fire equipment is very important because it protects them from various dangers that are in contact with high-temperature bodies. The workplace of the firefighter is a workplace with an increased risk and it is necessary to take measures of protection in order to minimize the risk. It is necessary to quality training of future firefighters, since the knowledge acquired during schooling depends on their life, as well as the life of those who need to be saved.

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Szymański, Piotr. « Polityka obronna Litwy w latach 2014-2018 ». Gdańskie Studia Międzynarodowe 16, n^o 1-2 (30 novembre 2018) : 65–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7625.

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The annexation of Crimea in 2014 marks the turning point in Lithuania’s defence policy. Previously, Lithuanian armed forces developed expeditionary capabilities in line with NATO’s out-of-area requirements and had to face substantial manning and equipment shortages as a result of the financial crisis. After 2014 clarion call, Lithuania responded with the most comprehensive measures of all the Eastern Flank states to strengthen its military capabilities. Lithuania’s main strategic concerns encompass both the Russian A2/AD bubble in Kaliningrad as well as the development of Russian offensive capabilities in the Baltic Sea region. The Lithuanian strive for security included a big hike in defence spending and a gradual increase in military personnel, with the reinstatement of conscription, faster modernisation of armed forces, development of military infrastructures, investments in combat readiness and an update of military exercises. This was supplemented by the strengthening of defence co-operation with key partners – both bilaterally and within the NATO framework. Lithuania’s main goal was to convince Allies to establish permanent military presence on its territory in order to strengthen deterrence against Russia. Between the NATO Wales Summit in 2014 and the Warsaw Summit in 2016, Lithuania was focused mainly on a closer military collaboration with the US – a country which then took a leading role in the military reassurance of the Eastern Flank. In Lithuania, the US has traditionally been perceived as the main security provider. The Warsaw Summit constituted a milestone in bolstering the Allied defence posture vis-à-vis Russia, which influenced Lithuania’s defence policy. American rotational company-size units in the Baltic states were subsequently replaced by NATO’s Enhanced Forward Presence, i.e. the deployment of German-led battalion-size battlegroup in Lithuania. Therefore, between 2016 and 2018 Lithuania tried to augment its strong defence ties with US while deepening military integration with Germany. The most significant sign of a closer military co-operation with Germany was the procurement of 88 Boxer infantry fighting vehicles. Recently, Germany has become the biggest supplier of military equipment to the Lithuanian army. Although Lithuania prefers to develop military co-operation primarily with US and Germany, Poland remains its important orientation point (mainly due to a similar threat perception and Poland’s geographic location). The core dimensions of the Polish-Lithuanian defence collaboration are the strengthening of air defence, including Grom systems deliveries, training of special forces and development of the trilateral brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG) together with Ukraine. In the coming years, the ongoing depopulation will remain the biggest internal challenge for the Lithuanian defence policy. Emigration and an ageing society result not only in a decreasing number of citizens reaching the enlistment age, but may also adversely affect the economic situation and - as a consequence - defence expenditure.

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Ejchman-Pac, Ewelina, Julian Wójtowicz et Magdalena Zawadzka. « Analysis of Non-Compulsory Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccination among Polish Soldiers ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n^o 4 (13 février 2023) : 3304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043304.

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The COVID-19 pandemic posed many challenges in epidemiology, health care, and vaccinology. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies had to develop effective vaccines as soon as possible in order to halt the spread of infection outbreaks and enable the start of the National Vaccination Program. Firstly, medical services and security services (the army, fire brigade, and police), i.e., those most involved in the fight against the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, were included in the aforementioned program. The presented publication analyzes the amount and type of vaccination against COVID-19 and influenza among Polish soldiers. Influenza, like COVID-19, is a viral disease that can vary in its course (from mild to acute and life-threatening). Both coronaviruses and influenza viruses are characterized by high genetic variability, resulting in the need for repeated vaccination during each autumn and winter season. Acquired data comes from the Central Register of Vaccination of Professional Soldiers. The collected material was statistically processed. The average level of the phenomenon was presented as a time series using a chronological average. In the analyzed period (December 2020–December 2021), the lowest vaccinations against COVID-19 were performed in December 2020, which is due to the schedule of the National Vaccination Program in Poland. In contrast, the highest number of vaccinations were administered between April and June 2021, or approximately 70.5% of all vaccines administered. In the case of influenza, there is a clear increase in the number of vaccinations during the autumn and winter seasons, which coincides with peaks in disease during these periods. Between August 2020 and January 2021, there is a noticeable increase in the number of flu injections given, nearly 50% compared to the previous period, which may be related to the simultaneous persistence of the COVID-19 pandemic and greater attention to one’s own health. Non-mandatory vaccination is an important point in the vaccination schedule for soldiers. Numerous public campaigns combating misinformation and raising awareness of the need for immunization will help convince even more people, not only among soldiers but also the civilian population, to vaccinate.

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Kocowski, Tadeusz. « Gmina a Ochotnicze Straże Pożarne w wykonywaniu zadań w zakresie ochrony przeciwpożarowej ». Prawo 323 (29 décembre 2017) : 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0524-4544.323.11.

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Municipality and volunteer fire brigades in executing fire protection tasksOne of the public tasks of the municipality are matters of public order and security of citizens and fire protection. In the area of the municipality they were made by volunteer fire brigades assisted in cash by the municipality. Changes in such asystem were caused by the emergence of anational rescue and firefighting system, hence the need to investigate the current model of these relations.

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Gerlach, Christian. « Wegbereiter der Shoah. Die Waffen-SS, der Kommandostab Reichsführer-SS und die Judenvernichtung 1939–1945. By Martin Cüppers. Darmstadt : Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. 2005. Pp. 464. €59.90. ISBN 3-534-16022-3. » Central European History 39, n^o 2 (19 mai 2006) : 338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938906330129.

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To date, debates about the identity and motives of perpetrators of German extermination policies have focused on the Einsatzgruppen (mobile squads of the Security Police and the Security Service), concentration camp personnel, and the Order Police. Martin Cüppers now presents the first systematic study of one of the best documented, yet least publicized set of units that participated in the murder of European Jews. He explores three Waffen-SS brigades and some smaller units under the Kommandostab Reichsführer-SS. In some respects, the book's title is misleading. It does not cover the military wing of the SS as a whole and, if anything, it demonstrates that the Kommandostab was of minor importance since it was never really in command of anything. Serving as a transmitter of information and as an organizational tool, it further declined in importance after early 1942. In addition, just as with other perpetrator units, the Waffen-SS brigades did not murder only Jews; the book does deal with the brigades' other victims though the book title does not suggest it.

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Koszyk, Krystyna. « Sposoby pokonywania barier komunikacyjnych wobec osób niesłyszących przez placówki administracji publicznej ». Homo et Societas 7 (30 avril 2023) : 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25436104hs.22.009.17352.

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Osoby niepełnosprawne są wśród nas i chciałyby funkcjonować na równi ze wszystkimi. Państwo powinno zapewniać pełną realizację wszystkich praw człowieka i podstawowych wolności wszystkich osób niepełnosprawnych1, w tym również g/Głuchych. Zapewnia to między innymi Ustawa o języku migowym i innych środkach komunikowania się z 19 sierpnia 2011r.2, dzięki której osoby niesłyszące powinny mieć ułatwiony kontakt z urzędnikami. Poszerzeniem zapisów Ustawy jest Program Rządowy DOSTĘPNOŚĆ PLUS. Jego celem jest zapewnienie swobodnego dostępu do dóbr, usług oraz możliwości udziału w życiu społecznym i publicznym osób o szczególnych potrzebach3. Zakłada on poprawę m.in. dostępności architektonicznej, cyfrowej, edukacyjnej i organizacyjnej. Należy jednak zadać pytanie: Czy zapisy ustawowe i programowe są realizowane w rzeczywistości i w jakim zakresie? W niniejszym artykule opisano, jak poszczególne placówki administracji publicznej (banki, policja, pogotowie ratunkowe, straż pożarna, urząd miasta, Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych, szkoły publiczne) realizują Ustawę o języku migowym i innych środkach komunikacji. Z ostatniej części artykułu pt. „Zderzenie z rzeczywistością” można dowiedzieć się, jak naprawdę wygląda sytuacja osób niesłyszących, którzy z różnych przyczyn korzystają z placówek administracji publicznej oraz jak funkcjonują wybrane instytucje publiczne mając na uwadze dobro osób g/Głuchych. Ways of overcoming communication barriers with deaf people by public administration institutions People with disabilities are among us and would like to function equally with everyone else. The state should guarantee the full realization of all human rights and fundamental freedom of all disabled people,4 including the deaf. This is ensured by the Act on Sign Language and Other Means of Communication adopted on August 19, 2011,5 thanks to which deaf people should have an easy contact with officials. The Government Program AVAILABILITY PLUS is an extension of the provisions of the Act. Its purpose is to provide free access to goods, services and the possibility of participation in social and public life for people with special needs.6 It assumes the improvement of- among others- architectural, digital, communication and organizational accessibility. However, the question should be asked: Are statutory and program provisions actually implemented? If yes, then to what extent? This article describes how individual public institutions (banks, police, emergency, fire brigade, city hall, social security institution, public schools) implement the Act on Sign language and other means of communication. From the last part of the article entitled „Collision with reality”, you can find out what is the real situation of deaf who use public administration facilities (for various reasons), and how selected public institutions function keeping in mind the good of deaf people.

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