Bibliographies thématiques / Second 19th century

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Second 19th century »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 18 mai 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Second 19th century"

Abdimavlyanovich Usarov, Umidjon. « Irrigation System Of Turkestan In The Second Half Of 19th Century And Early 20th Century ». American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, n^o 06 (17 juin 2021) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue06-01.

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This article describes the state of irrigated agriculture in Turkestan, water sources, classification of major rivers and their tributaries, geographical location, irrigation system, sources of water supply, types of traditional irrigation methods used by the local population in the second half of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. Moreover, an attempt is made to reveal the participation of local people in the construction, repair, cleaning of irrigation facilities, the implementation of centuries-old rules of irrigation, the rights of local people to use water through a number of sources, statistical collections, scientific literature and research works in the article.

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Ochildiyev, Fayzulla B. « SOCIO-POLITICAL PROCESSES IN THE BUKHARA EMIRATE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX-EARLY XX CENTURIES ». CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 03, n^o 03 (1 mars 2022) : 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-03-03-03.

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This article discusses the second half of the 19th century. In the early 19th century, issues such as the socio-political situation in the Emirate and the role of the principalities in local government were studied. He also covered the deployment of Russian citizens and troops in the Emirate of Bukhara, as a result of which a new system of governance was introduced in the Sherabad principality.

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Koumar, Jan. « Aristocratic Widowhood in the Second Half of 19th Century. » Historický časopis 69, n^o 5 (20 décembre 2021) : 863–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/histcaso.2021.69.5.4.

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Ochildiev, Fayzulla Boboqulovich. « TRADE RELATIONS OF THE BUKHARA EMPIRE WITH RUSSIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 18TH CENTURY - THE BEGINNING OF THE 19TH CENTURY ». American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 6, n^o 2 (1 février 2024) : 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume06issue02-05.

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In the article, the intensive trade relations of the Bukhara kingdom with Russia in the second half of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century are highlighted. It was also analyzed that there was a high demand for commercial products made in Russia in the Emirate of Bukhara, and that Bukhara products were popular in Russia.

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Haydarov, Azizbek. « A LOOK AT RUSSIAN MUSICAL CULTURE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY ». CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS 02, n^o 11 (1 novembre 2021) : 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crjp-02-11-08.

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This article tells about the activities of Russian composers in the second half of the XIX century, the creative life of Russian music, the work of composers of these years.In the first half of the 19th century, the role of the Russian classical school proved to be important in countries other than Russia.In the second half of the nineteenth century, Russian music became one of the most advanced forms of musical art that determined the further development of European musical art.

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Suljić, Alija, Hasib Hasanović et Enez Osmanović. « Bosniac families of the settlemenets of Ljeskovik in the second half of the 19th century ». Historijski pogledi 3, n^o 3 (28 mai 2020) : 72–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2020.3.3.72.

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The forming process of the modern Bosniac families in Ljeskovik settlement started at the beginning of the 17th century, and lasted till the end of the 19th century. However, the whole process can be tracked down from the mid 19th century, covered with data collected during the first census in Bosnia from 1850/51, and according to the informations gethered from land books of the Srebrenica District from 1894 andfrom there onwards. The first census from 1850/51 considered only male population. From the data collected in 1850/51, there are seven families or surnames in Ljeskovik, and those are: Čaušević, Duraković, Hodžić, Jahčić, (Bihačić), Kamramović, Mahmudović, Omerović, and Tabaković. By the end of the 19th century according to land books of the cadastral district of Ljeskovik, there are 43 surnames, or family names recorded: Aganović, Avdić, Beširović, Buljubašić, Demirović, Dervišević, Džanić, Efendić, Halilović, Hasanović (Duraković), Hasanović (Vranjkovina), Hasić, Hodžić, Husić, Kreševljaković, Mahmutović, Malović, Mandžić, Mehanović, Mehmedović, Memić, Mujčinović, Mujić, Mujić (Mahmutović), Mustafić, Mustafi (Katanić), Numanović, Omerović, Osmanović, Salkić, Salihović, Selimović, Selmanagić, Sinanović, Smajić (Omerović), Smajlović (Čaušević), Softić, Suljić, Špiodić, Tabaković, Travničanin, i Zukić. This work covers only families that use to live in Ljeskovik in the second half of the 19th century.

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Voloshina, E. E. « MILITARY TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY ». EurasianUnionScientists 11, n^o 5(74) (14 juin 2020) : 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.11.74.811.

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On the basis of the sources and research material, an attempt was made to characterize and evaluate the military transformations of the second half of the 19th century in the territory of the Don Army Region. In the course of the reforms, the system of administration of Voisky Don has changed, the service life has been reduced, and the training of officers has been improved. The military reforms carried out contributed to improving the combat capability of the Kazakh troops, although they were limited

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Denny, Elaine. « The second missing link : Bible nursing in 19th century London ». Journal of Advanced Nursing 26, n^o 6 (décembre 1997) : 1175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1997.tb00810.x.

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Petráček, Tomáš. « Proměny uskutečňování a vnímání synodality v dějinách katolické církve. Tři české synodální procesy 19.-21. století ». Verba Theologica 21, n^o 2 (2022) : 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54937/vt.2022.21.2.7-22.

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The study deals with three specific synodality processes, which the Czech Catholic Church organised in the 19th and 20th century. The first instance is Prague Province Synod in 1860, which was followed by other diocese synods in the second half of the 19th century. The second process consisted in repeated gatherings of Land Syndicate of Catholic Clergy, a professional organisation of clerics, at the turn of the 19the and 20th century, which originally started as an effort to reform ecclesiastical art, but later formulated reform goals regarding ecclesiastical lifestyle as well. The third processes revolved around the Plenary Assembly of the Czech Catholic Church in years 1997 to 2005. The study gives a description of the proceedings and outcomes of respective synodality processes and also offers an analysis of their strong and weak points and in the conclusion it formulates several principles which play decisive role in the success or failure of the whole endeavour.

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Liczbińska, Grażyna. « Biological and social reasons of child mortality in the Danzig District in the second part of the 19th century ». Anthropological Review 62 (30 décembre 1999) : 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.62.10.

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The purpose of this work is to characterise the child mortality in urban and rural areas of the Danzig (Gdańsk) District and in the city of Danzig, in the second half of the 19th century. The study material encompassed the demographic data on mortality coming from the 19th century Prussian statistical yearbooks. The basic mortality measures such as infant death rates, neonatal and postneonatal death rates and child death rates were computed for selected years of the second half of the 19th century. Life tables were constructed in accordance with Halley’s method and based on the assumption the population was of stationary type. Further, the causes of child deaths and the occupational structure of the families of deceased children were discussed.

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Plus de sources

Thèses sur le sujet "Second 19th century"

Židonis, Giedrius. « Positivism and Lithuanian prose. The second half of the 19th century ». Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090218_101956-96860.

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This dissertation will attempt to present the foundations of the positivist philosophy and worldview. It will also attempt to show the spread of Lithuanian positivism in the context of the dominant positivism of Russia and Poland, and to thoroughly examine the exploration and interpretation of positivism in the mind of Lithuanian fictional literary criticism. This study raises the question as to whether one can in general speak of the adoption of certain models of literature from didactic literature to positivist literature. Aside from discussing different time periods and different literary styles of the nineteenth century (the beginning of Lithuanian didactic literature, while the Lithuanian Cultural Renaissance was still in its embryonic stage; the maturation of didactic literature and the beginning of the Lithuanian Cultural Renaissance; and positivist literature as well as Lithuania's Cultural Renaissance in full force) this work also discusses the pieces having the characteristics of the positivist literature written during the prohibition of the press. The work will also attempt to explain what positivist personalities were significant during the second half of the nineteenth century, and to what professional and social groups these people belonged, along with reconstructing their aesthetic positivist program. This dissertation about the spread of positivism in the prose from the end of the nineteenth century is the first of its kind done in Lithuanian literary... [to full text]
Disertacijoje pristatomi pozityvizmo filosofijos ir pasaulėžiūros pagrindai, nagrinėjama lietuviškojo pozityvizmo sklaida Lenkijoje ir Rusijoje vyravusio pozityvizmo kontekste, nuosekliai apžvelgiamas pozityvizmo paieškų ir interpretavimo kelias lietuvių grožinės literatūros kritinėje mintyje. Studijoje keliams klausimas, ar apskritai galima kalbėti apie literatūrinių modelių perimamumą (didaktika  pozityvizmo literatūra), šalia pasirinktų skirtingų krypčių, skirtingo laikotarpio atraminių kūrinių (atstovaujančių lietuvių didaktinės literatūros pradžiai ir Atgimimo užuomazgoms; didaktinės literatūros brandai ir Atgimimo pradžiai; pozityvistinei literatūrai ir Atgimimui) aptariami ir spaudos draudimo laikotarpio pozityvistinių bruožų turintys kūriniai, aiškinamasi, kaip XIX a. pabaigos lietuvių literatūroje veikia personažai pozityvistai, kokioms jie priklauso profesinėms / socialinėms grupėms, rekonstruojama jų estetinė pozityvistinė programa. Disertacija apie pozityvizmo sklaidą lietuvių XIX a. pabaigos prozoje yra pirmoji tokio pobūdžio studija lietuvių literatūrologijoje. Išsami pozityvistinės gyvenimo sampratos programa Lietuvoje nebuvo suformuluota, tačiau ją galima rekonstruoti iš teiginių ir minčių, išsisklaidžiusių literatūros ir kultūros darbuotojų publicistiniuose, kritiniuose, sociologiniuose darbuose, o šio tyrimo atveju – grožinės literatūros kūriniuose. Disertacijoje siekiama nuosekliai apžvelgti ir apibendrinti pavienius pasisakymus ir įžvalgas pozityvizmo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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PAVLENKO, Olga. « Overcoming uncertainty : Moscow merchants’ wealth and inheritance in the second half of the nineteenth century ». Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/67252.

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Defence date: 29 May 2020 (Online)
Examining Board: Prof. Youssef Cassis (EUI, Supervisor); Prof. Andrei Markevich (NES, Moscow, External Advisor); Prof. Alexander Etkind (EUI); Prof. Tracy Dennison (Caltech)
In recent years, there has been an explosion of literature about material inequality and the historical linkages between socio-economic disparities and inheritance strategies. These studies mainly focus on Western Europe and North America, while histories of personal wealth in the Russian Empire are underrepresented. My dissertation investigates the role of social stratification and private property rights in the accumulation and redistribution of personal wealth among the Russian urban population. I particularly focus on guild merchants during the second half of the nineteenth century. I have examined this group because merchants straddled social estates (as defined by law), class (as defined by socio-economic activity) and most were successful in the accumulation of personal assets. In investigating the membership books of Moscow guild merchants, last wills, inheritance valuations, wardships, and other sources, I show that guild merchants successfully managed low social and economic appreciation of mercantile agency imposed by the authorities and were able to accumulate wealth. The moderate, yet stable, number of guild merchants was the result of a fledgling internal market rather than ineffective business practices. The proportion of transmitted inheritances to the Gross National Product was low (4 percent), which suggests that inheritances benefitted the lives of urban Muscovites, but only moderately. The social inequality of wealth distribution was high (150 times between honorary citizens and artisans in Moscow in 1892), though between 1888 and 1908 the number of testators in the Russian Empire increased two times and value of transmitted inheritances increased by 12 percent. Excluding guild merchants, the rest of the urban population preferred single universal inheritance transmission. Guild merchants, however, chose more egalitarian, gender-neutral bequeathing patterns which lowered successor’s future income uncertainty. The variations and shifts in bequeathing patterns suggest that the less egalitarian inheritance strategies (embraced by the majority of the urban population) were balanced by higher value inheritances among guild merchants which applied more egalitarian inheritance strategies. As a result, the level of material inequality was likely moderate in comparison to other countries, and the urban population was less destitute than previously described in other studies. Thus, my research contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence and accurate estimations of the levels of personal wealth along social and geographic lines in late Imperial Russia.

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Kurkina, Ana-Teodora [Verfasser], Ulf [Akademischer Betreuer] Brunnbauer et Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Buchenau. « Intelligentsia in exile. Bulgarian revolutionary emigration in the second half of the 19th century and the projects for a Balkan federation. / Ana-Teodora Kurkina ; Ulf Brunnbauer, Klaus Buchenau ». Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1227039565/34.

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Kharrouby, Amina. « La création dramatique sous le Second Empire : questions d'argent ». Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2141.

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Sous Napoléon III, les pièces théâtrales représentant la thématique de l’argent et de la finance remplissent les répertoires parisiens (comédies, vaudevilles, drames, opérettes, mélodrames ou parodies). Plusieurs dramaturges tels que Ponsard, Dumas fils, Augier, Labiche, Clairville, Lubize ou Sardou portent sur scène la question du gain et de l’affairisme en s’intéressant à toutes ses composantes matérielles, juridiques, morales ou sociales : héritage, mariage d’intérêt, dot, mésalliance, affaires spéculatives, jeux d’argent, cupidité et avarice, exploitation et misère. Comment justifier une telle profusion dramatique ? La situation socio-économique (essor industriel, création et développement du système ferroviaire et bancaire) ainsi que les décisions politiques prises dans le domaine culturel (décret du 6 janvier 1864 sur la libéralisation des théâtres) ont-elles une influence sur la production théâtrale à cette période ? L’obsession de l’argent dans les pièces de théâtre s’expliquerait-elle par l’importance des enjeux économiques de la scène ? Notre étude cherchera à apporter un éclairage sur l’argent du théâtre (dans l’institution théâtrale et dans la vie des spectacles à travers l’étude du rapport de l’acteur, de l’auteur et du directeur à cette question) et sur l’argent au théâtre (traitement thématique, dramatique, linguistique et scénique de cette problématique). De nouveaux prismes, comme celui de la censure impériale, seront également sollicités afin de saisir d’autres dimensions de cette question et de voir s’il existe une sévérité censoriale particulière à l’égard de cette thématique de l'argent
Under the reign of Napoleon III, theatrical plays representing the theme of money and finance fill the parisian repertoires thanks to numerous comedies, vaudevilles, dramas, operettas, melodramas and parodies. Several playwrights such as Ponsard, Dumas fils, Augier, Labiche, Clairville, Lubize or Sardou take on stage the question of gain and business by taking an interest in all its material, legal, moral or social components : inheritance, marriage of interest, dowry, misalliance, speculative affairs, gambling, greed, exploitation and misery How to justify such a dramatic profusion ? The socio-economic situation (industrial development, creation and development of the rail and banking system), as well as the political decisions taken in the cultural field (decree of January 6, 1864 on the liberalization of theaters) did they influence theatrical production at this period ?Our study will seek to shed light on the money of the theater (in the theatrical institution as well as in the life of the shows through the study of the report of the actor, the author and the director to this question) and on money in the theater (thematic, dramatic, linguistic and scenic treatment of this problem). Could the obsession with money in plays be explained by the importance of the economic of the stage ? New prisms - imperial censorship for example - will also be sought in order to grasp other dimensions of this issue and to question the existence of political opposition to these representations

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Casas, correa Maribel. « L’architecture théâtrale en France de la Révolution au Second Empire : théorie, innovation, réglementation, réalisations ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV098.

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L’architecture théâtrale en France de la Révolution au Second Empire :théorie, innovation, réglementation, réalisationsA l’avènement de la Révolution, la France connait en termes d’architecture théâtrale une période particulièrement foisonnante. L’impulsion donnée sous Louis XV au théâtre porte ses fruits et la société manifeste pendant les dernières décennies du XVIIIe siècle, et ce malgré l’opposition de l’église, un engouement prononcé pour le spectacle, appelé plus tard théâtromanie. Tout au long du XIXe siècle, le théâtre occupe une place privilégiée dans la vie culturelle et sociale de la France. L’édifice théâtral sert alors à cristalliser les aspirations des différents publics qui le fréquentent et fait l’objet de multiples réflexions, aussi bien du point de vue théorique que dans le domaine de l’innovation. Etant parmi les rares bâtiments civils à accueillir un public aussi nombreux et diversifié, il devient également un lieu privilégié d’expérimentation, en termes de salubrité et de systèmes techniques.Les nuisances qui accompagnent son implantation dans la ville et les multiples incendies qui détruisent différents théâtres à travers l’Europe conduisent aux instances au pouvoir à réglementer, de plus en plus, le fonctionnement des théâtres jusqu’à émettre des préconisations qui ont à trait à la configuration même de son cadre bâti.Ainsi, l’architecture théâtrale de la première moitié du XIXe siècle revêt plusieurs facettes qu’il était nécessaire d’explorer afin de comprendre ce qui contribue à modeler l’image du théâtre « à la française » dont l’Opéra de Paris devient le plus haut représentant en France comme à l’international
Theatre architecture in France fromFrench Revolution to Second Empiretheory, innovation, legislation, constructionAt the dawn of the Revolution, a vague of theatrical constructions embraces France. The impulse which had been given under Louis XV to theatres bear now fruit. Furthermore, despite the opposition of the Church, the French society expresses a real enthusiasm for spectacles that one will later call “theatremania”. During the whole nineteenth century, theatres occupy a privileged position in the cultural and social life in France. The theatrical buildings contribute to crystallize the ambitions of the attended public. By consequence, theatres are an object of thinking, weather it is on the level of architectural theory, or on the level of innovation. Representing a typology of public buildings which host a very numerous and a very diversified public, the theatre becomes a privileged space of experimentation, in terms of public health as well as in terms of techniques. The noise pollution which accompanies its integration within the city, and the numerous fires that destroy a lot of theatres across Europe, lead the public administration to regulate more and more the functioning of theatres, to a point that these new regulations have an enormous impact on the architectural development of theatres.In this context, the theatrical architecture of the first half of nineteenth century takes several aspects which this work explores in order to illuminate the rise of the so-called theatre « à la française », of which Garnier’s Opéra de Paris will become the most prominent example

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Carnino, Guillaume. « L'invention de « la science » dans le second XIXe siècle : épistémologie, technologie, environnement, politique ». Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0071.

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La science, tout à la fois pure et appliquée, advient en remplacement de l'ancienne philosophie naturelle, à l'heure où se déploient en France les prémices de la seconde industrialisation. Le prestige de la science nouvelle se diffuse par des voies divergentes: les expositions universelles, la libre-pensée, la vulgarisation, les beaux-arts, l'enseignement, la législation technique. . . Cette réorganisation théorique et pratique de la connaissance s'effectue en lien extrêmement étroit avec les structures de l'industrie: les scientifiques proposent désormais, à partir d'études circonstanciées des savoir-faire artisanaux, des procédures reproductibles permettant d'assurer la bonne marche de la production. Parée de toutes les vertus, l'institution science verrouille idéologiquement toute possibilité d'inflexion du modèle progressiste qui fonde la IIIe République et selon lequel toute opposition aux transformations environnementales, technologiques et sociales en cours est dangereuse politiquement car passible d'une volonté réactionnaire d'un retour en arrière. Les résistances profanes à la science devenue sacrée sont alors exclues du champ politique car jugées erronées, tout comme le sont les opinions des religieux qui imaginaient pouvoir opposer la Bible à Galilée. L'important n'est alors pas d'essayer de définir épistémologiquement la science, mais bien davantage d'assumer le fait que cette institution est par essence contradictoire en elle-même (puisque issue d'un compromis au sein du social): toute tentative visant à la théoriser en tant que concept unifié et anhistorique ne fait que rejouer les enjeux propres aux circonstances qui l'ont vu naître
"Modern science", being both pure and applied, emerges in France at the very beginning of the second industrialization, and replaces the prior "natural philosophy". Its prestige expands through various activities: World fairs, freethinkers, popular science, arts & literature, school, patent rights. . . This practical and theoretical reorganization of knowledge , is firmly connected to the structure of industrial production: scientists study in details craftsmen's "know-how" to create reproducible procedures for manufacturing. Reputed neutral and objective, science ideologically binds the progressive base of the French Third Republic: thereafter, any opposition to environmental, technological or social changes catalysed by this new regime is treated as a dangerous attitude hiding reactionary thoughts secretly rooted in a backward political agenda. Secular resistance to sacred science is subsequently considered inaccurate and excluded from the political sphere, in the same way as the religious beliefs Galileo battled with are mocked as false. Therefore, science must not be any more considered as an epistemological question, but rather as a intrinsically contradictory institution (since it is issued from a social compromise): attempts to theorize it as unified and non-historical concept always trigger the same conflicts that prevailed to its birth

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Hébert, Oriane. « La peinture d’Histoire en France sous le Second Empire libéral (1860-1870) ». Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF20016/document.

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Genre prestigieux héritier d’une longue tradition, la peinture d'histoire connaît de multiples évolutions tout au long du XIXe siècle. Sous le Second Empire, régime longtemps affecté par sa « légende noire », ce genre restait encore à définir. Il présente des caractéristiques qui l’inscrivent véritablement dans son siècle, tout en lui conférant une originalité : émanation de la peinture d'histoire et de ses mutations dans la première moitié du siècle, précurseur de sa reformulation sous la Troisième République, la peinture d'histoire sous le Second Empire est marquée par la singularité. L’étude des représentations de l’histoire peintes entre 1860 et 1870 en est révélatrice. D’emblée, la corrélation entre les créations et le terme même de « peinture d'histoire » pose question. En effet, tout en se maintenant dans un sujet classique (historique), ces « peintures à sujet historique » se rapprochent tour à tour de la peinture de genre et du genre historique, et sont contaminées par le réalisme et le goût de la couleur locale. Si l’expression académique de « peinture d'histoire » convient encore à la peinture de bataille, cette dernière subit aussi les assauts de la modernité et connaît une mutation sous la forme spécifique de la peinture militaire. La démarche des peintres de sujets historiques présente des récurrences. Un important travail préparatoire, à partir de textes, de sources voire de découvertes archéologiques, est mis au service de reconstitutions positivistes des événements, permettant de susciter l’intérêt du public. Le choix des sujets varie selon les intentions : édifier le spectateur, montrer un passé idéalisé utilisé comme répertoire de sujets émouvants, ou encore exposer une idéologie. Au-delà de la dimension historiciste d’éducation par le passé national, ces œuvres donnent à voir un certain état de la pensée historique, des principaux courants d’idées qui ont influencé les peintres. Plus encore, ces derniers véhiculent et diffusent une conception de l’histoire qui rejaillit sur leur présent par l’intermédiaire de la presse et de l’illustration, et ils contribuent ainsi à construire l’image qui va s’ancrer dans les mémoires. Support traditionnel de propagande et de « fabrication » du pouvoir, la peinture d’histoire conduit à se poser la question des pratiques culturelles du gouvernement du Second Empire. L’instrumentalisation de l’image par l’État est réelle, mais se cantonne aux peintures de bataille et aux figurations du faste impérial. Napoléon III, dans sa politique d’acquisition, s’adapte aux créations plus qu’il ne les génère. En revanche, il exerce une influence indirecte : la mise en scène de sa personne, du couple impérial et de ses goûts historiques, offre une série de thèmes exploités par les peintres. La peinture à sujet historique n’est pas instrumentalisée dans le cadre des envois de l’État. Les élites locales jouent un rôle essentiel dans le développement de ce genre : municipalités et Sociétés savantes, édiles et érudits encouragent les créations sur l’histoire nationale ou locale. La représentation de l’histoire entre 1860 et 1870 donne à voir la place primordiale de l’histoire, dans ses aspects savants et populaires, à échelle nationale et locale, inspirée par le sentiment d’attachement à la « petite patrie » comme à la nation
Prestigious genre, heir to a long tradition, the history painting experiences multiple evolutions throughout the 19th century. Under the Second Empire, for a long time a regime marked by its "black legend", the genre still remained to be defined. Its characteristics fix it deeply in its century, while conferring it an originality : an emanation of the history painting and its transformations in the first half of the century, a precursor of its reformulation under the Third Republic, the history painting under the Second Empire is marked by its singularity. The study of the representations of history painted between 1860 and 1870 is revealing there. Straightaway, the correlation between the creations and the term of "history painting" raises questions. Indeed, while remaining in a classic subject (history), these "paintings on historic subject" get closer alternately to the genre painting and the historic genre, and are contaminated by the realism and the interest in the local colour. If the academic expression of "history painting" still suits for the painting of battle, the latter is also touched by the modernity and transformed into military painting. The approach of the painters of historic subjects presents recurrences. An important preparatory work, on texts, sources, even archaeological discoveries, is put in the service of positivist reconstructions of the events, in order to raise the interest of the public. The choice of the subjects varies according to the intentions: educate the spectator, show an idealised past used as directory of moving scenes, or develop an ideology. Beyond the historicist dimension of education about the national past, these pieces of art show a certain state of the historic thought, the main currents of ideas that influenced the painters. Moreover, the latter convey and spread a conception of history that reaches the contemporary through the press and the illustration, and so they contribute to build the image that will be anchored in the memory. A traditional mean of propaganda and "manufacturing" of the power, the history painting raises the question of the cultural practices of the government of the Second Empire. The instrumentalisation of the image by the State is real, but is restricted to the paintings of battle and of the imperial splendour. Napoleon III, in his acquisition policy, adapts himself to the creations more than he generates them. On the other hand, he exercises an indirect influence: the staging of his person, the imperial couple and its tastes in history, offer a series of themes exploited by the painters. The painting of historic subject is not instrumentalised within the framework of the envois of the State. The local elites play an essential role in the development of this genre: municipalities and Learned societies, town councillors and scholars encourage creations on national or local history. The representation of the history between 1860 and 1870 reveals the essential place of history, in its erudite and popular aspects, on a national and local scale, inspired by the feeling of attachment to the "small homeland" as well as the nation

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Nizard, Lucie. « Poétique du désir féminin dans le roman de moeurs français du second XIXe siècle (1857-1914) ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA030078.

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La représentation du désir sexuel féminin dans le roman de mœurs du second XIXe siècle soulève des enjeux cruciaux : elle fait apparaître les paradoxes d’un second XIXe siècle écartelé entre des visions des femmes contradictoires, créatures hantées par la sexualité ou vierges-mères ; elle nous renseigne sur les processus de construction des genres masculins et féminins ; elle nous fait réfléchir aux scandales d’hier et d’aujourd’hui que suscitent le corps féminin désirant et les regards portés sur lui ; elle interroge la poétique de ce genre littéraire et ses prétentions à l’objectivité. Nos romans ambitionnent de tout dire du réel, revendiquant une rationalité scientifique. Et pourtant, ils se livrent lorsqu’ils abordent le désir féminin à un voilage stylistique, exigeant du lecteur un travail de décodage. Nous avons entrepris d’analyser ce voile de mots qui recouvre les corps féminins, afin de percer les ressorts de cette mauvaise foi. La méthode sociocritique permet de montrer les interactions entre nos romans et les différents discours sociaux de leur temps (médicaux, religieux, juridiques ou encore pédagogiques), et ainsi de faire apparaître un imaginaire social complexe et cohérent du désir féminin, dont le roman tout à la fois reconduit et déjoue les stéréotypes. Dans les textes littéraires, les théories scientifiques se muent en matériau poétique, et le double-sens devient un véritable art. Ces représentations érotiques obliques font des descriptions du désir féminin un terrain miné de sous-entendus, élaboré le plus souvent par et pour des hommes. Certains romans ménagent toutefois déjà une place à une parole et à un regard de désir au féminin, voire par-delà le genre
The representation of female sexual desire in the novel of manners of the second half of the 19th century raises critical issues – it highlights the paradoxes at play in the second half of the 19th century, torn between contradictory representations of women, as either sexually haunted creatures or virgin mothers ; it informs us about the construction of masculine and feminine gender roles ; it makes us reflect on the scandals, past and present, caused by the desiring female body and the gaze cast upon it ; it interrogates the poetics of this literary genre as well as its claims to objectivity. The ambition of the novels analysed here is a comprehensive account of reality, with a claim to scientific rationality. And yet, when they deal with female desire, they indulge in a form of stylistic veiling that requires the reader to unpack the meaning. The purpose of this thesis was to analyse this veil of words covering female bodies, in order to lay bare the mechanisms behind the mendacity. The socio-critical method makes it possible to show the interactions between the novels and the various social discourses of their time – medical, religious, legal or even pedagogical – and thus to reveal a complex and coherent social imagery of female desire, whose stereotypes the novel both upholds and thwarts. In literary texts, scientific theories morph into poetic material, and double entendre becomes an art. These oblique erotic representations turn the descriptions of female desire into a minefield of innuendo, mostly developed by and for men. Some novels, however, already make room for a female voice and gaze of desire, sometimes even beyond gender

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Lebednykaitė, Miglė. « Šventadienės prijuostės Lietuvos kultūroje. XIX a. – XX a. pirmoji pusė ». Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130627_103017-08749.

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Disertacijos tyrimo objektas – šventadienė prijuostė, tradicinio liaudies kostiumo dalis, kuri pristatoma ne tik kaip drabužis, bet kaip sąlyginai savarankiškas daugiaplanis kultūros objektas, tapęs etninių tradicijų ir tautinės savimonės raiškos simboliu. Tyrimo laikotarpis – XIX a.–XX a. pirmoji pusė. Tai pirmasis mokslinis darbas, nuosekliai atskleidžiantis procesą, kaip prijuostė, prarasdama savo pirminę paskirtį, XX a. pirmojoje pusėje įgavo naują prasmę ir tapo tautiškumo simboliu, reprezentantu ne tik Lietuvoje, bet ir užsienyje. Darbe analizuojami iki šiol sistemingai netyrinėti XIX a.–XX a. pirmosios pusės šventadienių prijuosčių (taip pat prijuostėlių) rinkiniai Lietuvos ir kitų šalių (Baltarusijos, Lenkijos, Prancūzijos) muziejuose. Tyrimo metu užsienio šalių muziejuose surastos ir identifikuotos lietuvių šventadienės prijuostės yra vertingas ne vien šių muziejų, bet ir visoje Lietuvoje turimų šios rūšies liaudies tekstilės dirbinių fondo papildymas. Atsiranda galimybė įvertinti šventadienės prijuostės meninės raiškos formas, atlikimo technikų ir medžiagų ypatumus, kurių visumą kaip svarbų šaltinį galima pritaikyti tradicinių liaudies drabužių rekonstravimo darbų praktikai ir tautinio kostiumo studijoms. Atliktas tyrimas aktualizuoja prijuostės sociokultūrinės raiškos aspektus, leidžia giliau pažinti jų meninės formos bruožus, gali pasitarnauti kaip svarbi medžiaga lyginamosioms lietuvių liaudies meno studijoms, tolimesniems Lietuvos kultūros tyrinėjimams.
This doctoral dissertation analyses a part of the traditional folk costume – festive apron – which is presented not only as a garment, but also as a relatively independent and multidimensional cultural object, and a symbol of ethnic traditions and expressions of national identity. The research covers the period from the 19th century through the early 20th century. It is the first research systematically revealing the process of the apron losing its originally intended use and being given a new meaning in the first half of the 20th century, concurrently becoming a symbol and representative of national identity not only in Lithuania but also in foreign countries. The thesis analyses collections of festive aprons (including votive aprons) of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century available in Lithuanian and foreign museums that have not been previously analysed on a systematic basis. Lithuanian festive aprons identified in foreign museums during the research are valuable supplementation not only to the holdings of these museums, but also to the fund of folk textiles of this type available in Lithuania. This provides an opportunity to assess the forms of artistic expression, the peculiarities of weaving techniques of, and the fabrics used for, festive aprons which, in their entirety, can be used as an important source for reconstructing traditional folk clothing and for studies of the national costume. The research actualises the aspects of socio-cultural... [to full text]

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Andriot, Antonin. « Entre héritage national et influences britanniques : une histoire croisée du libéralisme et des libéraux français entre 1859 et 1929 ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://theses.bu.uca.fr/nondiff/2022UCFAL026_ANDRIOT.pdf.

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La France est-elle, comme l’écrivait le fondateur de l’École libre des sciences politiques Émile Boutmy en 1901, plus inclinée par son histoire à réclamer la « tutelle de l’État » que son voisin britannique ? Si ce lieu commun a la vie dure, c’est essentiellement parce que des libéraux anglophiles au XIXème siècle, particulièrement lors de leur opposition au Second Empire, ont nourri et documenté une certaine admiration pour ce qu’ils considéraient comme un modèle britannique, dont les mœurs libérales seraient plus profondément ancrées, et dont il conviendrait de s’inspirer pour atteindre une forme de maturité politique. Au-delà des apparences, il s’agit de comprendre que le libéralisme français fut l’objet d’une construction croisée, entre influences transnationales et hybridations nationales, tout particulièrement des années 1860 aux années 1920, lorsque s’affirme une culture libérale-républicaine ; comment les libéraux français ont-ils travaillé à cette transition constitutionnelle, partisane, culturelle appelée de leurs vœux, quelles furent leurs réussites et leurs échecs face à d’autres aspirations concurrentes, et dans le cadre de sociétés contemporaines en pleines mutations politiques et sociales ? À travers une grille d’analyse franco-britannique, c’est un ensemble de transferts culturels autour du libéralisme qui sont à redécouvrir, afin de mieux connaître les étapes charnières du développement du régime qu’est la démocratie libérale
Is France, as the founder of the École libre des sciences politiques Émile Boutmy wrote in 1901, more inclined by its history to demand “state supervision” than its British neighbor? If this commonplace dies hard, it is essentially because Anglophile liberals in the 19th century, particularly during their opposition to the Second Empire, nurtured a certain admiration for what they considered to be a British model, with a deeply rooted liberal culture, and from which it would be appropriate to be inspired in order to reach a form of political maturity. Beyond appearances, the aim is to understand that French liberalism was the object of a cross-construction, between transnational influences and national hybridizations, particularly from the 1860s to the 1920s, when a liberal-republican culture asserted itself; how did the French liberals work for this constitutional, partisan, cultural transition called for, what were their successes and failures in the face of other competing aspirations, and within the framework of changing contemporary societies in political and social spheres? Through a Franco-British perspective, it is a set of cultural transfers around liberalism that are to be rediscovered, to better understand the development of the regime that is liberal democracy

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Livres sur le sujet "Second 19th century"

William, Kinderman, et Krebs Harald 1955-, dir. The second practice of nineteenth-century tonality. Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press, 1996.

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P, Taylor A. J. From Napoleon to the Second International : Essays on nineteenth century Europe. New York : Allen Lane, 1994.

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The second century of psychoanalysis : Evolving perspectives on therapeutic action. London : Karnac, 2011.

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Digital, Avionics Systems Conference (19th 2000 Philadelphia Pa ). 19th DASC : The 19th Digital Avionics Systems Conference : proceedings : [Entering the second century of powered flight] : Philadelphia, PA, October 7-13, 2000. Piscataway, New Jersey : IEEE, 2000.

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Jewish artists and Central-Eastern Europe : Art centers, identity, heritage : from the 19th century to the Second World War. Warszawa : Wydawnictwo "DiG", 2010.

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The private collections of Russian Turkestan in the second half of the 19th and early 20th century. Berlin : Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2004.

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1956-, Herbert Lynn M., Volk Gregory, Paine Roxy 1966-, Contemporary Arts Museum et Rose Art Museum, dir. Roxy Paine : Second nature. Houston : Contemporary Arts Museum, 2002.

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Bismarck and the creation of the Second Reich. New Brunswick, N.J : Transaction printing, 2008.

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The second golden age of the Viennese symphony : Brahms, Bruckner, Dvořák, Mahler, and selected contemporaries. Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 2003.

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Isemonger, Paul Lewis. The fighting man : The soldier at war : from the age of Napoleon to the Second World War. Stroud, Gloucestershire : Sutton, 1998.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Second 19th century"

Comoy Fusaro, Edwige. « Il secondo Ottocento italiano visto dalla Francia ». Dans Biblioteca di Studi di Filologia Moderna, 69–88. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-597-4.08.

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This study examines the current reception of second part of the 19th century Italian literature in France. The data come from 4 sources of information: the general book market on foreign literature, the scholarly book market on Italian literature, the programs of Literature in Bachelor and Master curricula of Italian Studies, and the yearly programs of the competitive exam for teachers in Italian (Agrégation). As a result, the champion of second 19th century Italian literature’s reception in French culture is Giovanni Verga, the traditional canon is mostly undiscussed but lately, both large audience publishing and academic studies show interest for relatively forgotten authors such as Grazia Deledda and movements such as Scapigliatura.

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Nomura, Chikayoshi. « The Development of the Modern Business Corporation in 19th Century India : Building the Foundations for the Emergence of TISCO in the 20th Century ». Dans The House of Tata Meets the Second Industrial Revolution, 23–60. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8678-6_2.

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Fisher, Douglas. « The United Kingdom in the Second Half of the 19th Century : Maturity and Relative Decline ». Dans The Industrial Revolution, 80–119. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22391-6_3.

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Fang, Yibing, et Marco Ceccarelli. « Medium Size Companies of Mechanical Industry in Northern Italy During the Second Half of the 19th Century ». Dans History of Mechanism and Machine Science, 181–98. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22680-4_11.

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Roca Ricart, Rafael. « The reception of Tirant lo Blancin Valencia in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century ». Dans IVITRA Research in Linguistics and Literature, 139–52. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ivitra.10.09roc.

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Pazzagli, Rossano, Maria Giagnacovo et Antonella Balante. « Il quadro iniziale ». Dans Studi e saggi, 15–57. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-168-6.02.

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The present contribution is divided into three sections. The first deals with the features of Italian inner areas and their criticalities; it infers that Community-based cooperatives may well represent a regeneration tool for marginal areas. The second highlights Community-based cooperatives historic development dynamic, starting from the end of 19th century to modern times. The last section discusses the legal aspects of these cooperatives, both in internal relationships among members, and in the relations with external institutions.

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Schneider, Stefan. « Chapter 8. French j’imagine , Spanish me imagino ». Dans Language Change in the 20th Century, 240–60. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.340.08sch.

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French imaginer and Spanish imaginar start to appear during the second half of the 13th century. Initially, these verbs remain closely linked to the corresponding nouns image and imagen, their prevailing meaning being ‘form a picture’. After the 14th century, a second meaning, ‘suppose’, gradually begins to develop. The spread of the ‘suppose’ meaning favors, among other things, the appearance of detached constructs, that is, deverbal discourse markers (Schneider 2020a, 2022), in the first person present indicative singular. From the 17th century to the 19th century, in these detached constructs, French imaginer is regularly preceded by a subject pronoun and a reflexive pronoun, whereas Spanish imaginar occurs without pronouns. In the 20th century and beginning 21st century, the French deverbal discourse marker without reflexive almost completely supplants the one with reflexive. In contrast, the recent development of imaginar in Spanish goes in the opposite direction, with me imagino replacing imagino as deverbal discourse marker. Hence, for centuries, French and Spanish maintained a specific contrast regarding the discourse marker construction with imaginer and imaginar: presence of the reflexive pronoun in French, absence of the reflexive pronoun in Spanish. In the course of the 20th century, this contrast seems to have reversed. The present study seeks to provide additional data both from written and spoken corpora and also addresses the question of whether the absence or, respectively, presence of the reflexive pronoun in the discourse marker construction represents a merely superficial and formal phenomenon or is due to a deeper structural and semantic difference.

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Pereira, R., A. B. Menegaldo et J. Fernandes. « Modernization of civil construction in Brazil in the second half of the 19th century : Strategies of a local entrepreneur ». Dans History of Construction Cultures, 471–78. London : CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003173359-61.

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Savchuk, Warfolomey. « Applied Sciences in Ukraine and the Activities of the Zemstvo (Municipal Government) in the Second Half of the 19th Century ». Dans De Diversis Artibus, 97–106. Turnhout : Brepols Publishers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.dda-eb.4.00920.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Second 19th century"

Mikitjuk, Vladimir P. « Yekaterinburg trading and industrial firms (the second half of the 19th century – the early 20th century) ». Dans Торговля, купечество и таможенное дело в России в XVI–XX веках. ИПЦ НГУ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31518/tktdr-35-2023-14.

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The article examines the creation of commercial and industrial firms by Yekaterinburg entrepreneurs. The beginning of this process, which lasted until 1919, was the opening in 1850 of the trading house “Ya. Ryazanov’s Sons”. The largest number of companies appeared at the beginning of the XX century, mainly in the 1910s. In 1850–1919, Yekaterinburg entrepreneurs established about 148 firms – mostly full partnerships and faith-based partnerships. There was also one joint-stock company. In the last quarter of the 19th century, representatives of the merchant class were mainly behind the creation of firms, at the beginning of the 20th century, representatives of other estates, including burghers and peasants, joined this process. The firms established by Yekaterinburg businessmen successfully operated in the trade sphere and various industries. They played a significant role in the development of the economy of Yekaterinburg and the entire Urals. The total number of organized companies indicates a high level of business activity of the population of Yekaterinburg.

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Shadrina, Alla Valerievna. « Missionary Work In Don Host Oblast In Second Half Of 19th Century ». Dans International Scientific Congress «Knowledge, Man and Civilization». European Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2022.12.125.

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Negru, Gheorghe. « The national movement in Bessarabia in the second half of the 19th century ». Dans Latinitate, Romanitate, Românitate. Conferinţa ştiinţifică internaţională, Ediția a 7-a. Moldova State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/lrr2023.19.

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Based on the “structural phases” theory of M. Hroch, on the Józef Chlebowczyk conception regarding the “big” or “old” nations, “small” or “young nations”, will be explained the reason why the national movement in Bessarabia went beyond the “A” (cultural) phase and entered the “B” phase (political agitation ) only at the end of the 19th century - beginning of the 20th century; also the particularities of this movement will be clarified in relation to the peoples of the western, European part of the Russian Empire, their trends and social composition will be analyzed, as well as the chronological periods of manifestation.

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Orekhova, Ekaterina Aleksandrovna, et Ruslan Aleksandrovich Davydov. « Norwegian rum in the Russian North in the second half of the 19th century ». Dans Питейное дело и трезвенническое движение в России с древнейших времен до наших дней. САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГ МОСКВА : Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Старая Басманная", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51255/978-5-907169-85-2_2022_283.

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Bayeva, Olga. « Characteristics of Nakhichevan-on-Don Residential Architecture of the Second Half of the 19th Century ». Dans Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Architecture : Heritage, Traditions and Innovations (AHTI 2019). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahti-19.2019.7.

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Batіuk, Alla. « APPLICATION OF FRENCH AGRICULTURAL EXPERIENCE IN UKRAINE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY ». Dans DÉBATS SCIENTIFIQUES ET ORIENTATIONS PROSPECTIVES DU DÉVELOPPEMENT SCIENTIFIQUE. European Scientific Platform, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/logos-08.07.2022.110.

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Fedorov, Konstantin, et Tatyana Suzdaleva. « Discussion on Classical and Real Education in Russia in the Second Half of the 19th Century ». Dans 3rd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2018). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccessh-18.2018.22.

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Voloshinova, Irina. « INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF ALTAI AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE PERIOD FROM THE SECOND HALF OF THE 18th CENTURY UNTIL EARLY 20th CENTURY ». Dans 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/5.2/s20.059.

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Rodnov, Mikhail I. « From gingerbread to the confectionery market (on the example of Ufa province of the second half of the 19th century) ». Dans Торговля, купечество и таможенное дело в России в XVI–XX веках. ИПЦ НГУ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31518/tktdr-35-2023-18.

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In the second half of the 19th century, the traditional food system was changed in Ufa, in particular instead of the old Russian printed gingerbread, bakery and confectionery products became widespread. They are replacing the gingerbread even among the ordinary population. But the gingerbread in the form of a lightweight gingerbread product turned out to be convenient for machine production. Gingerbread factories appear, where large volumes of gingerbread were produced on an industrial scale. The author reveals different details of this process.

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GAFITA, Vlad. « Applying the Multidimensional Theory for the Romanian Political Parties in Austrian Bucovina Last Decade of 19th Century Second Decade ». Dans 8th LUMEN International Scientific Conference Rethinking Social Action. Core Values in Practice | RSACVP 2017 | 6-9 April 2017 | Suceava – Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc.rsacvp2017.24.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Second 19th century"

Lebedeva, G. N. “CONFESSION OF THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE” AND NON-OCCURRING PAN-SLAVISM IN THE SECOND PART OF THE 19TH CENTURY. Proceedings of the St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lebedeva-4-2015doi.

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Gutiérrez Rodríguez, Encarnación. Entangled Migrations The Coloniality of Migration and Creolizing Conviviality. Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/rodriguez.2021.35.

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This Working Paper discusses entangled migrations as territorially and temporally entangled onto-epistemological phenomena. As a theoretical-analytical framework, it addresses the material, epistemological and ethical premises of spatial-temporal entanglements and relationality in the understanding of migration as a modern colonial phenomenon. Entangled migrations acknowledges that local migratory movements mirror global migrations in complex ways, engaging with the analysis of historical connections, territorial entrenchments, cultural confluences, and overlapping antagonistic relations across nations and continents. Drawing on European immigration to the American continent and specifically to Brazil in the 19th century, this argument is tentatively developed by discussing two opposite moments of entangled migrations, the coloniality of migration and creolizing conviviality. To do this, the paper engages first with the theoretical framework of spatial-temporal entanglements. Second, it approaches the coloniality of migration. Finally, it briefly discusses creolizing conviviality.

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Tweet, Justin S., Vincent L. Santucci, Kenneth Convery, Jonathan Hoffman et Laura Kirn. Channel Islands National Park : Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, septembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2278664.

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Channel Island National Park (CHIS), incorporating five islands off the coast of southern California (Anacapa Island, San Miguel Island, Santa Barbara Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island), has an outstanding paleontological record. The park has significant fossils dating from the Late Cretaceous to the Holocene, representing organisms of the sea, the land, and the air. Highlights include: the famous pygmy mammoths that inhabited the conjoined northern islands during the late Pleistocene; the best fossil avifauna of any National Park Service (NPS) unit; intertwined paleontological and cultural records extending into the latest Pleistocene, including Arlington Man, the oldest well-dated human known from North America; calichified “fossil forests”; records of Miocene desmostylians and sirenians, unusual sea mammals; abundant Pleistocene mollusks illustrating changes in sea level and ocean temperature; one of the most thoroughly studied records of microfossils in the NPS; and type specimens for 23 fossil taxa. Paleontological research on the islands of CHIS began in the second half of the 19th century. The first discovery of a mammoth specimen was reported in 1873. Research can be divided into four periods: 1) the few early reports from the 19th century; 2) a sustained burst of activity in the 1920s and 1930s; 3) a second burst from the 1950s into the 1970s; and 4) the modern period of activity, symbolically opened with the 1994 discovery of a nearly complete pygmy mammoth skeleton on Santa Rosa Island. The work associated with this paleontological resource inventory may be considered the beginning of a fifth period. Fossils were specifically mentioned in the 1938 proclamation establishing what was then Channel Islands National Monument, making CHIS one of 18 NPS areas for which paleontological resources are referenced in the enabling legislation. Each of the five islands of CHIS has distinct paleontological and geological records, each has some kind of fossil resources, and almost all of the sedimentary formations on the islands are fossiliferous within CHIS. Anacapa Island and Santa Barbara Island, the two smallest islands, are primarily composed of Miocene volcanic rocks interfingered with small quantities of sedimentary rock and covered with a veneer of Quaternary sediments. Santa Barbara stands apart from Anacapa because it was never part of Santarosae, the landmass that existed at times in the Pleistocene when sea level was low enough that the four northern islands were connected. San Miguel Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island have more complex geologic histories. Of these three islands, San Miguel Island has relatively simple geologic structure and few formations. Santa Cruz Island has the most varied geology of the islands, as well as the longest rock record exposed at the surface, beginning with Jurassic metamorphic and intrusive igneous rocks. The Channel Islands have been uplifted and faulted in a complex 20-million-year-long geologic episode tied to the collision of the North American and Pacific Places, the initiation of the San Andreas fault system, and the 90° clockwise rotation of the Transverse Ranges, of which the northern Channel Islands are the westernmost part. Widespread volcanic activity from about 19 to 14 million years ago is evidenced by the igneous rocks found on each island.

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Yatsymirska, Mariya. Мова війни і «контрнаступальна» лексика у стислих медійних текстах. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, mars 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11742.

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The article examines the language of the russian-ukrainian war of the 21st century based on the materials of compressed media texts; the role of political narratives and psychological-emotional markers in the creation of new lexemes is clarified; the verbal expression of forecasts of ukrainian and foreign analysts regarding the course of hostilities on the territory of Ukraine is shown. Compressed media texts reflect the main meanings of the language of the russian-ukrainian war in relation to the surrounding world. First of all, the media vocabulary was supplemented with neologisms – aggressive and sad: “rashism”, “denazification”, “katsapstan”, “orks”, “rusnia”, “kremlins”, “parebrik”, “in the swamps”, “nuclear dictator”, “putinism”, “two hundred” and others. Numerals acquired new expressive and evaluative meanings: “200s” (dead), “300s” (wounded), “400s” (russian military personnel who filed reports for termination of the contract), “500s” (hopelessly drunk russian soldiers, alcoholics who are unable to perform combat tasks). The language of war intensified the slogans of the struggle for state independence and people’s freedom. The scope of the greeting “Glory to Ukraine! – Glory to Heroes!”. New official holidays have appeared in the history of Ukraine since 2014: “Heroes of the Heavenly Hundred” Day (February 20), “Ukrainian Volunteer Day” (March 14), “Defenders and Defenders of Ukraine Day” (October 14), “Volunteer Day” (5 December). As you know, the professional holiday of the military is the Day of the Armed Forces of Ukraine” (December 6). A special style is characteristic of media texts on military topics: “Iron Force of Ukraine” (Iron Force of Ukraine), “digitize the Army” (for effective simulation of military operations); “grain corridor” (export of Ukrainian grain to African and European countries); “don’t let Ukraine lose” (the position of the Allies at the first stage of the war), “Ukraine must win!” (the position of the Allies in the second stage of the war); “in the Russian-Ukrainian war, the thinking of the 19th century collided with the thinking of the 21st century”, “a politician is a person who understands time” (Grigori Yavlinskyy, Russian oppositionist); “aggressive neutrality” (about Turkey’s position); “in Russia”, “there, in the swamps” (in Russia), “weak, inadequate evil” (about Russia), “behind the fence”; “a great reset of the world order”; “technology of military creativity”; “they are not Russian and not Ukrainian, they are Soviet”, “people without mentality”, “in Ukraine and without Ukraine” (Vitaly Portnikov about a separate category of Russian-speaking citizens in Ukraine); “information bed of Ukraine” (about combat operations on the front line; “when a descendant asks me what I did in those terrifying moments, I will know what to answer. At the very least, I did not stand aside” (opinion of a Ukrainian fighter). Compressed in media texts is implemented in the headline, note, infographic, chronicle, digest, help, caption for photos, blitz poll, interview, short articles, caricature, visual text, commercial, etc. Researchers add “nominative-representative text (business card text, titles of sections, pages, names of presenters, etc.) to concise media texts for a functional and pragmatic purpose.” accent text (quote, key idea); text-navigator (content, news feed, indication of movement or time); chronotope”. A specific linguistic phenomenon known as “language compression” is widespread in media texts. Language compression is the art of minimization; attention is focused on the main, the most essential, everything secondary is filtered out. Compression uses words succinctly and sparingly to convey the meaning as much as possible. For example, the headline “Racism. What is the essence of the new ideology of the Russian occupiers?”. The note briefly explains the meaning of this concept and explains the difference from “nazism” and “fascism”. Key words: compressed media text, language compression, language of war, emotional markers, expressive neologisms, political journalism.

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