Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Secoli 17/18 »

Self-medication is the use of drugs to treat self-diagnosed diseases or symptoms. The purpose of the following work was to determine self-medication in nursing students of the Universidad Católica de Cuenca - Azogues during the period 2020 - 2021. A non-experimental design, descriptive-correlational and prospective cross-sectional study was conducted, with a quantitative approach, with a sample of 168 students who were studying during the academic period: October 2020 - February 2021. The most prevalent sex was female (89.5%); the mean age was 21.65 years, the percentage of self-medication in the last year was (78.6%); the most used drugs were (NSAIDs) with (47.7%). Among the factors found were: source of information: own knowledge, consultation with friends and family, internet; according to the place where it is acquired: pharmacy. Conclusion: the practice of self-medication is high in the university population. Keywords: practice, self-medication, university students. 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Field studies were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Tallassee, AL, to evaluate the effect of preemergence (PRE) herbicide applications pre- and postcrimp in a cereal rye (Secale cereale) cover crop for control of escape weeds in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with an augmented factorial treatment arrangement with four replications. The augmented factorial arrangement included three levels of PRE herbicides, two levels of application timing, and a nontreated control. PRE herbicide treatments included ethalfluralin (18 oz/acre), fomesafen (2.5 oz/acre), and halosulfuron (0.56 oz/acre). Application timings were precrimp (herbicide applied before crimping and rolling of the cover crop) and postcrimp (herbicide applied after crimping and rolling of the cover crop). A nontreated cover crop only treatment was also included. There were no interactions among application timing and herbicide. Results indicated application timing influenced total weed coverage but not watermelon yield. Total weed coverage was lowest in precrimp applied treatments at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after treatment (WAT). Comparing individual treatments revealed no significant differences among herbicides with respect to watermelon yield; however, all herbicides increased yield compared with the nontreated.

Introductions: The termination of second trimester pregnancy is challenging due unfavorable cervix. This study evaluate the efficacy and maternal side effects of intravaginal misoprostol for termination of second trimester pregnancy. Methods: During one year period from 15th June 2011 to 14th June 2012, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Patan Hospital, women admitted for second trimester termination of pregnancy for fetal congenital anomalies and intrauterine fetal demise were studied using the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics recommended doses of vaginal misoprostol. For congenital anomalies, 400 mcg 3 hourly to a maximum of 5 doses were used. For fetal demise, gestational age of 13-17 weeks received 200 mcg every 6 hourly to a maximum of 4 doses, and 18-26 weeks dose was adjusted to 100 mcg. Main outcome measures included success rate of abortion within 48 hours, induction to delivery interval and maternal side effects. Results: There were 40 patients during study period. Success rate for termination of 2nd trimester pregnancy within 48 hours was 88.8% for congenital anomalies. For fetal demise, success of termination was 90.9% at 13-17 weeks and 100% at 18-26 weeks. Median time from induction to delivery was 26.8 hours for congenital anomalies. For fetal demise, it was 18 hours for 13-17 weeks was and 24 hours at 18 to 26 weeks respectively. Abdominal pain was seen in all doses of misoprostol. Conclusions: Vaginal misoprostol is an effective method for termination of second trimester pregnancy. Plain Language Summary: The study was conducted to see the effectiveness of vaginal misoprostol for termination of second trimester pregnancy. The success rate of termination for congenital abnormality and fetal demise was high. Vaginal misoprostol was an effective method for termination of second trimester pregnancy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v1i1.13010 Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Jun;1(1):16-19

Abstract Purpose To explore the efficacy and safety of using radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) adjacent to the second hepatic hilus. Methods Between February 2011 and June 2013, 17 patients with HCC underwent combination therapy of TACE and RFA under DSA and CT guidance at our institution. The 17 patients had a total of 23 hepatic tumors, 17 of which were adjacent to the second hepatic hilus. Results TACE combined with RFA was performed successfully in all 17 patients with no mortalities or major morbidities. During the 1-month follow-up, tumors of 15 patients (88.2%) were completely ablated after one therapy session and 2 patients had detectable tumor residue. During the follow-up time period (range 6–52 months), local tumor progression developed in 1 patient (1/17, 5.9%) and both local tumor progression and new tumors appeared in 1 patient (1/17, 5.9%). Also, new tumors developed in the untreated portions of the liver in 8 patients (8/17, 47.1%). No distant metastasis was found. Of the 17 patients, 6 (35.3%) died due to tumor progression (3/17, 17.6%), liver failure (2/17, 11.8%), or massive hemorrhage of the gastrointestinal tract (1/17, 5.9%). The overall survival rates were 94.1% (16/17), 82.4% (14/17), and 61.8% (11/17) at 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively, and the median survival time was 25 months (95% CI 18–27). Conclusion Treatment using combination of TACE and RFA is an effective and safe therapeutic strategy for treating HCC with tumor(s) adjacent to the second hepatic hilus.

The second sentence of line 18 (= line 1 on the east side of the first stele) of the Tunyukuk Inscription has been amended as [: eki] süm[üz b]oltï or [biz eki sü b]oltï ‘We had two armies’. Considering the second sentence of line 17, the information from the first and second sentences of line 18 would be that the peoples around us joined us and thus the number of our soldiers, which was 2,000, increased. If that is the case, the second sentence may be hypothetically amended as [: bir] tüm[än b]oltï ‘It (= the number of our soldiers) became 10,000’ or [: eki] tüm[än b]oltï ‘It (= the number of our soldiers) became 20,000’.

Настоящая работа является первым общим описанием на русском языке двух некрополей Кампокиаро (Кампобассо, Италия) – Виченне и Морионе, датируемых последней третью VII в. – началом VIII в. Культурное содержание некрополей показывает прочные связи с населением центральноазиатского происхождения. Важнейшим признаком некрополей являются захоронения с конем, соответствующие евразийскому кочевому погребальному обряду. Автор поддержал выводы европейских исследователей о том, что с большой долей вероятности некрополи оставлены булгарами дукса–гаштальда Алзеко, зафиксированными Павлом Диаконом в VIII в. на территориях Бояно, Сепино и Изернии. Аналогии некрополей Кампокиаро с погребениями Аварского каганата показывают присутствие в аварском обществе булгар со схожим погребальным обрядом. Из тысяч погребений с конем, оставленных аварским населением, булгарам могла принадлежать большая часть. Авары и булгары составляли основу и правящую верхушку каганата. Народ Алзеко являлся той частью булгар, которая в 631 г. боролась за каганский престол, что указывает на высокое положение булгар и их большое количество. После поражения эта группа булгар мигрировала последовательно в Баварию, Карантанию и Италию. Несколько десятков лет проживания в венедской, а затем в лангобардской и романской среде привели к гетерогенности погребального инвентаря, но не изменили сам обряд. Булгары лангобардского королевства составляли новый военный слой, который представлял из себя профессиональную кавалерию, получивший землю. Эта конная дружина является ранним примером европейского феодального воинского и социального сословия, которое станет называться рыцарством. Библиографические ссылки Акимова М.С. Материалы к антропологии ранних болгар // Генинг В.Ф., Халиков А.Х. Ранние болгары на Волге (Больше–Тарханский могильник). М.: Наука, 1964. С. 177–191. Амброз А.К. Кинжалы VI – VIII вв, с двумя выступами на ножнах // СА. 1986. № 4. С. 53–73. 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Spatial and temporal variability and bloom formation of the potentially toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia spp. was investigated weekly to monthly from October 2009 to October 2010 in a eutrophic estuary, the Golden Horn. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were detected in 195 of 512 samples (38%) collected throughout the year. Two species, P. calliantha and P. pungens, were identified based on the SEM examination. Blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia occurred in the lower and middle estuary in January and May. The bloom in January mainly comprised P. calliantha. In the bloom in early May, P. calliantha made up 72% of the Pseudo-nitzschia cells and P. pungens 28%. However, the contribution of P. pungens increased to 83% in late May. The Pseudo-nitzschia blooms occurred at low temperature (9–15°C) and moderate salinity (17–18), and for P. calliantha a significant negative correlation was found with temperature and a significant positive correlation with salinity. The percentage of Pseudo-nitzschia cells decreased gradually from lower to upper estuary (59–14%), correlating with a decrease in Secchi depth (5.5–0.5 m). Principal components analyses (PCA) were used to explore the spatial and temporal variability of environmental factors in relation to Pseudo-nitzschia abundances, and showed that NH4, pH, Secchi depth and DO values were the most important factors reflecting spatial differences, while temperature, salinity, Chl-a and Si:N were more important factors showing temporal differences. High abundances of P. pungens correlated mainly with pH, Secchi depth and DO values, whereas P. calliantha also correlated with NO3 + NO2. Low light availability due to high concentrations of suspended material and very variable environmental conditions (e.g. pH, DO and NH4) may have limited growth of Pseudo-nitzschia in the upper estuary. Regular monitoring of Pseudo-nitzschia is important for improving the understanding of the influence of environmental parameters on bloom dynamics in the study area.

Definiti di recente «per tutti» in ragione della larga diffusione e destinazione, i libretti di più lunga durata e dai molteplici usi e riusi erano quelli fabbricati in economia con materiali di scarsa qualità e particolari accorgimenti editoriali. In questo studio, propongo un approfondimento della produzione, vendita e distribuzione di questi prodotti tipografici dal XVII al XVIII secolo nella Repubblica di Venezia. L’analisi delle norme e delle contraffazioni, ricostruite attraverso le fonti documentarie e bibliografiche dell’epoca, ha permesso di esaminare quali prassi editoriali erano condivise da queste stampe, quali libri giungevano tra le mani delle persone meno istruite o alle orecchie degli analfabeti e quali caratteristiche materiali, formali e contenutistiche guidavano ed influenzavano la ricezione. Venditori di strada con banchi o ceste, ciechi, saltimbanchi e persino fruttivendoli hanno contribuito alla formazione di una biblioteca elementare da assaporare lentamente.
Recently, long-lasting, multiple-use(r) booklets have been defined as “for everyone” despite the fact that they were cheaply made using poor-quality materials and specific editorial practices. In my dissertation I study in detail the production, distribution, and sale of these printed products from the 17th to the 18th century in the Republic of Venice. Using contemporary sources from archives and libraries, I analyze the rules in place and how they were broken, thus examining what practices printers of these books had in common, what books ended up in the hands of the least educated strata of the population or heard by the illiterate, and what influenced the reception of these books from the standpoints of materials, forms, and content. Streets sellers carrying their wares in basket or showing them on planks, the blind, mountebanks and ever fruit vendors contributed to bringing together a basic library, one to be savored slowly.

Invitato a Costantinopoli da una delegazione nicena, che ne chiedeva l’intervento a sostegno della comunità ortodossa locale, Gregorio di Nazianzo accantonò il desiderio di dedicarsi alla vita contemplativa e si recò nella Neja ÔRwvmh: non poteva certo immaginare che negli anni trascorsi nella capitale (dagli inizi del 379 al luglio del 381) avrebbe conosciuto, a distanza di breve tempo, l’apice e il fallimento della sua attività politico-ecclestiastica. Alla guida di un piccolo gruppo di fedeli, radunati in una sala udienze privata ribattezzata Anastasia, Gregorio esercitò con impegno i suoi doveri pastorali, spendendosi soprattutto nella lotta dottrinale contro l’eresia ariana. L’elezione come vescovo della città, avvenuta per volere dell’imperatore Teodosio, rappresentò il riconoscimento dei meriti del Cappadoce nella restaurazione e nel consolidamento dell’ortodossia nicena, ma, allo stesso tempo, aprì la strada a una stagione tutt’altro che scevra di asprezze, destinata a lasciare amari ricordi nel cuore dell’autore. Chiamato a presiedere il concilio episcopale del 381, indetto con l’obiettivo di risolvere lo scisma antiocheno e condannare le eresie del tempo, il Nazianzeno sperimentò sulla propria i conflitti interni ed i giochi di potere cui si era ridotto l’episcopato. Alla malattia, che debilitò il fisico dell’autore e ne ostacolò la partecipazione a svariate attività pubbliche, si aggiunse l’ostilità dei colleghi, in particolare di alcuni vescovi egiziani, che contestarono la legittimità della sua elezione sul seggio di Costantinopoli, in quanto già vescovo nella sede di Sasima. Stanco e malato, amareggiato dai continui scontri e dall’ennesimo attacco subito dagli avversari, Gregorio decise di farsi da parte e, rassegnate le dimissioni dalla cattedra episcopale, lasciò Costantinopoli, senza neppure aspettare la conclusione del sinodo. Nella natia Cappadocia, lontano fisicamente dal clima tumultuoso e dai dispiaceri della capitale, ma turbato dalle calunnie e dalle ingiustizie subite da coloro che riteneva amici, il Nazianzeno sfogò le proprie delusioni nella scrittura poetica. All’esperienza costantinopolitana e in particolare al contesto delle dimissioni dalla cattedra vescovile fanno riferimento i carmi oggetto di questa tesi di dottorato: II,1,10 (Ai sacerdoti di Costantinopoli e alla città stessa) e II,1,13 (Ai vescovi), rispettivamente di 18 distici elegiaci e 217 esametri. In essi si intrecciano più suggestioni: la meditazione e il riecheggiamento interiore degli eventi che hanno coinvolto l’autore, la difesa del suo operato, ma soprattutto la violenta invettiva contro i vescovi, scaturita non solo dal risentimento per le vicende personali, ma dallo sdegno dell’autore per la corruzione morale e l’impreparazione della gerarchia ecclesiastica. La tesi di dottorato si apre con una bibliografia ricca e aggiornata degli studi concernenti il Cappadoce; in essa sono indicati i diversi contributi, cui si fa riferimento nel mio lavoro. Segue un’ampia introduzione che presenta i carmi sotto molteplici aspetti. Dal momento che l’invettiva contro i vescovi costituisce l’argomento principale di entrambi i componimenti, ho approfondito innanzitutto questo aspetto, ripercorrendone le testimonianze nell’esperienza biografica e nell’opera letteraria dell’autore: da quanto emerso, la polemica contro la gerarchia ecclesiastica raggiunge certamente il suo apice negli eventi costantinopolitani, ma non va ad essi circoscritta, dal momento che se ne ha traccia anche negli scritti gregoriani riconducibili ai primi anni del sacerdozio e al periodo successivo al ritorno a Nazianzo. Si è cercato poi di stabilire la data di composizione dei carmi in analisi, che, dati i contenuti, furono sicuramente scritti dall’autore nel periodo di ritorno in patria, fase in cui gli studiosi collocano buona parte della produzione poetica del Cappadoce. Più precisamente ho individuato il terminus post quem nel luglio del 381, mese in cui la cattedra costantinopolitana lasciata vacante dal Nazianzeno fu affidata a Nettario: in entrambi i testi, infatti, si fa riferimento a questo personaggio, sebbene non sia menzionato esplicitamente. Segue un’analisi dettagliata della struttura compositiva e delle tematiche dei carmi, nella quale si mostra come, pur nella loro diversità, le due poesie presentino moltissime consonanze e parallelismi a livello strutturale, in particolare nella parte incipitaria, in cui si registra la condivisione dello stesso verso iniziale, e nella sezione conclusiva. Sempre nell’introduzione è affrontato lo studio della tradizione manoscritta e dei rapporti tra i codici: i carmi in oggetto risultano attestati in 34 manoscritti (di cui 17 fondamentali per la costituzione del testo) databili dall’XI al XVI secolo e riconducibili alle raccolte antiche Σ e Δ, nei quali sono traditi sempre uno di seguito all’altro: nello specifico II,1,13 precede immediatamente II,1,10. La parte centrale della tesi è costituita dal testo critico di ciascun carme, seguito da traduzione e commento. La tesi costituisce il primo lavoro di questo tipo per il carme II,1,13; II,1,10 è stato invece oggetto di studio di due recenti edizioni: quella dei primi undici poemata de seipso del Nazianzeno curata da Tuilier - Bady - Bernardi per LesBL ed edita nel 2004 e un’edizione commentata di Simelidis, pubblicata nel 2009. Suddetti lavori non hanno rappresentato un ostacolo al progetto. Nessuno di essi infatti ha previsto lo studio simultaneo dei due testi poetici, che, a mio giudizio, non possono essere compresi a fondo se svincolati l’uno dall’altro; non sono risultati immuni da pecche sotto il profilo della critica testuale; il commento è assente nell’edizione francese, scarno e non sempre condivisibile in quella del Simelidis. La tesi è infine corredata da tre appendici che permettono di seguire la fortuna dei componimenti poetici. La prima di esse è dedicata al Commentario di Cosma di Gerusalemme ai Carmi del Nazianzeno, collocato tra la fine del VII e inizio l’VIII secolo. Il commentario, tradito da un unico manoscritto, il Vaticanus graecus 1260 del XII secolo, ha visto la sua editio princeps nel 1839 a cura del cardinale Angelo Mai nel secondo volume del suo Spicilegium Romanum, ristampata con lievi modifiche nel volume 38 della Patrologia Graeca. Una più recente edizione è stata curata da Lozza nel 2000. Nell’opera di Cosma vengono analizzati trentaquattro versi di carme II,1,13 e due di carme II,1,10; l’ampiezza delle citazioni va da un minimo di un verso a un massimo di 5. Segue un’appendice dedicata alle parafrasi bizantine, che in alcuni manoscritti contenenti i carmi, accompagnano il testo poetico. Tali spiegazioni in prosa, composte in un momento non precisabile della trasmissione dell’opera gregoriana, sono anonime, di diverso livello letterario e da intendere come un testo in continua evoluzione, oggetto di modifiche da parte di ciascun copista. Nel caso dei testi in oggetto le parafrasi trasmesse sono tre, chiamate, sulla scia di studi precedenti, Paraphr. 1, Paraphr. 2, Paraphr. 3 e delle quali la tesi fornisce l’editio princeps. L’ultima appendice è costituita dalla traduzione latina dei carmi di Giacomo Oliva da Cremona, redatta nella seconda metà del XVI secolo per incarico del Cardinal Guglielmo Sirleto e testimonianza del grande interesse per il Cappadoce in questo periodo storico. Il lavoro dell’Oliva, rimasta inedito per la morte del committente e probabilmente anche per il suo scarso valore letterario, è trasmesso da due manoscritti autografi, il Vaticanus Barberinianus lat. 636 (B) e il Vaticanus lat. 6170 (V) e trova nella tesi la sua editio princeps.

<em>Abstract</em>.—The flathead catfish <em>Pylodictis olivaris</em> is one of the most important game fishes in the lower Minnesota River, providing a high-quality angling fishery. Information on flathead catfish movements and site fidelity in the Minnesota River at the reach scale is needed before fisheries managers consider options such as reach-specific fishing regulations. In addition, this information is necessary to determine if estimates of population abundance are feasible and what study design is most appropriate. Therefore, 18 radio- and acoustic-tagged adult flathead catfish were manually located in the lower Minnesota River during late summer and fall in 2008 and 2009. Most fish remained within about 2 km of their capture locations during daylight hours in August–September 2008. However, 17% of the fish emigrated from the 9.3-km study reach before the end of September, and all emigrated by the end of October. Fourteen (78%) of the original 18 fish survived and were present in the study reach again during August–September 2009. High site fidelity could result in heterogeneous vulnerability to late-summer angling among river reaches if some individual fish consistently return to areas frequented by anglers and others return to more remote and relatively inaccessible areas. Due to high survival and late-summer site fidelity, the potential exists for high recapture probabilities with repeated late-summer mark–recapture sampling in the same study reach; however, there is evidence that temporary emigration could be an important issue in long-term studies.

This chapter details the heavy fighting that occurred on June 18, 1864 near Petersburg. General Beauregard had withdrawn a second time during the night of June 17-18 and created a new defensive position styled the Harris Line, named after the engineer officer who developed it. Union commander George G. Meade attempted unsuccessfully to orchestrate a coordinated attack against the Harris Line. As during the previous two days, individual corps and divisions assaulted, leading to another series of frustrating and bloody failures. The 1^st Maine Heavy Artillery suffered the largest single loss sustained by any regiment during the entire war during one of those attacks and the well-known Colonel Joshua Chamberlain sustained a serious wound during another charge. Robert E. Lee, at last aware of the presence of Grant’s entire force at Petersburg, rapidly shifted the Army of Northern Virginia to reinforce Beauregard. At the end of the day, the Union Ninth Corps came close to breaching the Confederate line, but by sunset the First Petersburg Offensive concluded with the Confederates still in possession of Petersburg.

A range of biological activity was observed for the group of 3,6-anhydro-2-deoxy hexosides, of which 3 is representative, isolated from Sauropus rostratus. Wei-Jia Xie and Xiao-Ming Wu of China Pharmaceutical University prepared (Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 5004) 3 by the dealkylative cyclization of 1 to 2. (+)-Ipomeamarone 6 is a phytoalexin isolated from mold-damaged sweet pota­toes. Yoshinosuke Usuki of Osaka City University assembled (Chem. Lett. 2014, 43, 1882) 6 by the diastereoselective cyclization of 4 to 5. Hiromichi Fujioka of Osaka University protected (Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 3680) the enone of 7 by the conjugate addition of triphenylphosphine. Diastereoselective reduc­tion of the other ketone followed by deprotection of the enone and cyclization led to 8, that was hydrogenated to decytospolide A 9. En route to cytospolide P 12, Rajib Kumar Goswami of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science had planned (J. Org. Chem. 2014, 79, 7689) the ring-closing metathesis of 10. This failed, but cyclization of the corresponding silyl ether to 11 was successful with the second-generation Hoveyda catalyst. Rongbiao Tong of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology set (J. Org. Chem. 2014, 79, 6987) the absolute configuration of (+)-didemniserinolipid B 15 by Sharpless asymmetric osmylation of the alkene 13. Oxidative Achmatowicz rearrangement/bicycloketalization then delivered 14. Xuegong She of Lanzhou University observed (Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 4440) remark­able diastereoselectivity in the reductive cyclization of 16 to 17. Oxidation of 17 led to regioselective cyclization to gymnothelignan N 18.

The Zoanthus alkaloids, exemplified by (-)-norzoanthamine 3a and zoanthamine 3b, show promising activity against osteoporosis. Susumu Kobayashi of the Tokyo University of Science assembled (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 1400; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 1404) the challenging tricyclic core of 3a employing the intramolecular Diels-Alder cyclization of 1 to 2. The cyclopentane of 1 served as useful scaffolding, even though it was cleaved en route to 3a. The cyclohexane ring of 1 has five of its six positions substituted, including three that are alkylated quaternary centers. The starting point for the preparation of 1 was the enantiomerically-pure Hajos-Parrish ketone 4, containing the first of the those quaternary centers. Conjugate addition of MeLi established the second quaternary center. The less stable endo alkyl branch of 1 was installed by conjugate addition to the more reactive α-methylene ketone of the cross-conjugated 5, followed by kinetic quench. Addition of vinyl cuprate across the open face of the enone 7 then established the final quaternary center, setting the stage for the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction. The silyl enol ether from the cyclization of 1 was not stable, so it was directly oxidized to the enone 2. The keto phosphonate 16 for the last two rings of 3a was prepared from the previously-reported crystalline glutamic acid-derived mesylate 12. Reduction and homologation delivered the ester 14, that was condensed with the phosphonate anion 15 to give 16. The congested cyclopentanone 17, derived from 2, was most efficiently deprotonated with n -BuLi. Exposure of the resulting silyl enol ether to ozone led to the α-hydroxylated product 18. Unexpectedly but happily, oxidative cleavage of 18 delivered, after deprotection and reprotection, the more congested aldehyde 19. This cleavage may be proceeding by tautomerization of 18 to the regioisomeric keto alcohol. The aldehyde 19 was condensed with the keto phosphonate 16, to give, after hydrogenation, the keto lactone 20. A series of oxidation state adjustments then completed the synthesis of (-)-norzoanthamine 3a.

During the excavations of Kültepe conducted by prof. tahsin Özgüç and, from 2006, by prof. Fikri Kulakoğlu, eighteen ancient occupation levels were uncovered. The early Bronze age (eBa) periods at Kültepe are represented by levels 11–18 and prove that the site was an important and influential regional center in the third millennium BCe. level 18 has been identified in a small area and belongs to the early Bronze age i (hereafter eBa i). Finds from the early Bronze age ii levels (hereafter eBa ii), found in levels 14–17, show that Kültepe had close relations to Mesopotamia, northern syria and Cilicia during that period. Compared to the early phases of eBa ii, the pottery from the later phase is more abundant and demonstrates characteristics of the north euphrates region. levels 11–13 belong to the early Bronze age iii (eBa iii) and have prominent monumental architecture. The presence of depas and tankard-type vessels is important as it shows not only re- lations between Kültepe and western anatolia but also between Kültepe and regions in the south. Monumental buildings unearthed in three different levels of the eBa iii in Kültepe are quite different from its anatolian contemporaries both in scale and plan. This architecture shows that Kültepe was an important center not only in second, but also in third millennium BCe. archaeological evidence obtained in these layers is important as it shows not only the cultural characteristics of Kültepe, but also the interregional relations taking in a vast area from Ur in south to the aegean islands in the west, as well as neighboring regions closer to Kültepe.

The effectiveness of the different methods for transformation of the natural ribonucleosides adenosine 16 and uridine 17 into its nucleoside dialdehydes 18 and 19 was studied. NaIO4 and anion exchange resin Dowex 1x2 (100-200 mesh) in IO4_-form were used as a regents. The nucleoside dialdehydes 18 and 19 were obtained with the yield 70-83%. It was shown that the reaction of periodate oxidizing of ribonucleosides with anion exchange resin in IO4_-form has preference to the method which used NaIO4. Reaction of dialdehydes 18 and 19 with NaBH4 results in formation of nucleosides trioles 20 and 21 with 50 and 45% yields, respectively.

The ALPHA-FIT Project, completed in 2009 and funded by the European Union, aimed at providing a set of validated tools to assess levels of physical activity and fitness. This study seeks to assess indirectly a component of muscular fitness, namely the leg extensor power in young Romanians aged 20-29 years and also to compare the two methods of measurement using the metric band and optical sensors. The research was conducted within the UPB Sports Complex between 15 October and 1 December 2016. There were investigated 493 young people, of which 334 were males and 159 females. Indirect assessment of leg extensor power was achieved simultaneously through two tests: Jump-and-reach, according to instructions specified in the Tester’s Manual for ALPHA-FIT Test Battery for Adults Aged 18-69, and Vertical Jump, using the Optojump system and the Optojump Pro software. To analyze the results in the Jump-and-reach test, they were processed by quartile, according to the analysis used in ALPHA-FIT. Values achieved by male subjects are: 44, 48,5, 54 and 72cm for the first, second, third and fourth quartiles. Female subjects achieved the following results: 27,5, 31,5, 37 and 54 cm for the first, second, third and fourth quartiles. Simultaneously with the application of Jump-and-reach test, it was used the Optojump system, namely the Vertical Jump test. Results for the Vertical jump assessed using the Optojump system are significantly lower than those assessed through the Jump-and-reach test, between 32.18 % (female subjects, first quartile) and 23.71% (male subjects, fourth quartile).Since the ALPHA-FIT Test Battery has no reference values for the population aged 20-29 years, as regards the Jump-and-reach test, the results of this research can represent, due to the specificity and size of the investigated sample, a baseline for both Romania and other European countries.

Abstract Subsurface anomalies can present complex well construction challenges. These anomalies to name a few are irregular wellbore stress profiles, low fracture gradients that require complex mud programs and, in some cases, total fluid losses while drilling. Poor wellbore stability is a common result of such anomalies and service companies serving the industry develop technologies to address, mitigate against and overcome these issues. A gas well encountered such a challenge. While drilling the 17″ section complete fluid losses were encountered. These losses generally uncommon in the field and were attributed to a seismic anomaly. This resulted in poor wellbore stability and led to multiple lost BHAs and sidetrack attempts. The surface casing design did not allow for extensive remedial options so rather than continuing recovery operations it was decided to suspend well construction and spud an offset well 50 meters away. Equipped with the knowledge of the drilling problems from the direct offset, the potential problems they represent and considering the proximity, it was decided to introduce two engineered solutions to mitigate against these challenges and secure successful well construction. First, the surface casing design was modified and the 18-5/8″ casing was set deeper and second, casing while drilling (CWD) technology was introduced to drill for 13-3/8″ intermediate casing from the 18-5/8″ shoe to 13 3/8″ casing point (CP). During planning it was concluded that casing drilling technology would allow to simultaneously keep every foot drilled behind casing, under total losses conditions. Furthermore, CwD would minimize the open hole time compared to conventional drilling practices, an important factor when mitigating against risks from poor wellbore stability. Approximately 4.5 days after setting the 18-5/8″ surface casing, a 16″ CwD drill bit made-up to 13-3/8″ casing successfully drilled 1575 ft with total losses and cemented in place across an interbedded formation. This was a starkly different result compared to the direct offset where operations were suspended after many more days between setting the 18-5/8″ to decision to suspend.

Theoretical distributions for describing the crest-to-trough heights of linear waves are reviewed briefly. To explore the effects of nonlinearities, these and two approximations that follow from the Tayfun [28] model are generalized to nonlinear waves via the second-order quasi-deterministic model of Fedele and Arena [7]. The potential utility of Gram-Charlier type approximations [17, 18, 29, 31] in representing the statistics of nonlinear wave heights is also explored. All models and a fifth-order Stokes-Rayleigh type model recently proposed by Dawson [5] are compared with linear and nonlinear waves simulated from the JONSWAP spectrum representative of long-crested extreme seas, and also with observational data gathered during two severe storms in the North Sea. The results indicate first that nonlinearities do not appear to affect the crest-to-trough wave heights significantly. Most models and their nonlinear extensions yield similar and reasonable predictions of the data trends observed. The present comparisons do not confirm the efficacy of Gram-Charlier type approximations in modeling the statistics of unusually large wave heights.

A series of 63 14C dates were obtained from non-destructive core-drilling across the Dzhankent site (the early medie- val town located in Eastern Aral region), a second series – 58 dates from stratigraphic sections within excavated areas. Most of 14C dates are between the 7th and 10th centuries; clear up-section trends from older to younger ages may be seen. The analysed excavation sections are very well stratified. Stratigraphic units based on char-enriched marker beds could sometimes be traced for long distances. Extended thick char-enriched layers are considered to be traces of big fires, while small lenses of ash and charcoal are thought to be fireplaces.

The study aimed to determine the influence of addition of Sida hermaphrodita silage into cattle forage on efficiency of methane fermentation of cattle manure. Efficiency of methane fermentation connected with amount and composition of produced biogas was determined with respirometric tests. Methane fermentation was performed in mesophilic conditions with initial organic compounds loading of 5 g VS/(dm3∙d). The study was divided into two stages. In first stage, substrate in methane fermentation was only cattle manure. In second stage, substrate in methane fermentation was cattle manure and Sida silage. There were three series of experiments in each stage, due to cattle manure was obtained from cattle fed with forage differ in contribution of Sida silage (0 – series 1, 17% - series 2, 34% - series 3). In the stage 1, biogas production of 223±15 L/kg VS, 247±8.5 L/kg VS and 231±18 L/kg VS was noted in the series 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The addition of Sida silage to the cattle forage had no impact on biogas potential of cattle manure. In the stage 2, the same tendency was observed. No differences in biogas composition between series were also observed. Methane content in biogas was about 60%.

Introduction: Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare neurological entity, which consists of an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of bile acid biosynthesis due to CYP27A1 variants, with variable systemic and neurological clinical presentation. Psychiatric signs are also observed at early adulthood and includes behavioral and personality changes, depression and psychosis. However, self-mutilation has not been previously described. Case report: We attend to two sisters with a unique clinical presentation. The first patient, 33 years old, presented epilepsy at 17, in addition to cognitive impairment and tendon xanthomas. A severe depressive condition was established at 25. A year ago, she had frequent bites on his lips and tongue. The second patient, 28 years old, had chronic diarrhea and juvenile cataract in childhood. Axial ataxia has been observed since age 18. After 3 years, she presented psychiatric decline marked by visual, auditory hallucinations and persecutory delirium. Four months ago she showed signs of self-mutilation with a sting in the phalanges of his hands. Both patients had elevated plasma cholestanol and 7-dehydro-cholesterol. The genetic test showed a homozygous c.1183 C>T (p.Arg395Cys) variant in the CYP27A1 gene. Conclusion: The reports illustrate the relevance of self-mutilation in CTX, an unprecedented clinical presentation that should be remembered as another differential diagnosis with this phenomenology.

A novel mist-based cooling concept is analyzed with the objective of reducing water consumption in thermoelectric power plants. Additionally, this concept offers the potential to increase electricity generation capacity. The concept involves the integration of two independent mist-based technologies. In the first technology, the cooling tower is replaced with a two stage heat exchanger consisting of air-cooled and water mist-cooled sections. The mist-cooled heat exchanger chills the cooling water to near wet bulb temperature ambient, which enables lowered condenser pressures and temperatures. Enhanced evaporation control through mist cooling allows the mist to reach temperatures closer to wet bulb temperature conditions than cooling towers. In the second technology, the shell-and-tube steam condenser is replaced with a direct contact condenser, wherein Rankine cycle steam condenses on water mist streams. The large area offered by mist droplets increases heat transfer rates significantly, resulting in compact, low maintenance condensers. Analyses show that mist cooling technology can reduce water consumption by up to 65 %, compared to present-day cooling towers of the same power output. Furthermore, by reducing the condenser pressure, electricity generation can be increased by 4 % while still consuming less water than cooling towers. First-order techno-economic analyses reveal that mist cooling technology can benefit 17 out of 18 coal-fired power plants in Texas. It is expected that this technology will significantly benefit other U.S. power plants located in water-stressed areas.

In hemophiliacs gross hematuria is often observed. The aim of this study is to evaluate renal functionand morphology in young hemophiliacs with at least one previous gross hematuria. Forty patients with hemophilia A or B were studied (age 8-49 yrs, mean 21.3). Neither renal nor urinary tract disease was referred. The following tests were performed: urinalysis, plasma creatinine and urea, glomerular filtration rate (GFR),effective renal plasma flow (ERPF),renal scans, isotopic renography and renal ecography. Urinalysis was normal in all but 6 pts. Plasma creatinine and urea were normal in all pts. GFR was reduced (< 90 ml/min) in 16 pts (mean 76.1±9.5),while it was normal (>90 ml/min) in the remaining 24 pts (mean 119.6±17.1). ERPF was < 350 ml/min in 11 pts (mean 290.3±51.7)and it was >350 ml/min in the remaining 24 pts (mean470.0±107.8). In 17 of these pts GFR has been measured a second time after 1-3 yrs. The second GFR decreased of more than 20% in 8 pts (mean decrease 35.3%)and increased of more than 20% in 3 pts (mean increase 52.9%). It was unchanged in the remaining 6 pts. In pts with lower GFR renal scans were abnormal in 5/12 cases, while in subjects with normal GFR renal scans resulted abnormal in only 4/22 cases. Isotopic renography demonstrated pathological findings in 5/9 pts with lower GFR,while in subjects with normal GFRthe abnormal renograms were 2/18. Renal ecography showed kidney abnormalities in 2/7 pts with low GFR while it was normal in 4/4 pts with normal GFR.The above results indicate that a relevant number ofyoung hemophiliacs with previous gross hematuria have a clinically significant impairment of renal function, and some abnormalities of renal morphology.

Health, United States, 2019 is the 43rd report on the health status of the nation and is submitted by the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services to the President and the Congress of the United States in compliance with Section 308 of the Public Health Service Act. This report was compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The Health, United States series presents an annual overview of national trends in key health indicators. The 2019 report presents trends and current information on selected measures of morbidity, mortality, health care utilization and access, health risk factors, prevention, health insurance, and personal health care expenditures in a 20-figure chartbook. The Health, United States, 2019 Chartbook is supplemented by several other products including Trend Tables, an At-a-Glance table, and Appendixes available for download on the Health, United States website at: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/ index.htm. The Health, United States, 2019 Chartbook contains 20 figures and 20 tables on health and health care in the United States. Examining trends in health informs the development, implementation, and evaluation of health policies and programs. The first section (Figures 1–13) focuses on health status and determinants: life expectancy, infant mortality, selected causes of death, overdose deaths, suicide, maternal mortality, teen births, preterm births, use of tobacco products, asthma, hypertension, heart disease and cancer, and functional limitations. The second section (Figures 14–15) presents trends in health care utilization: use of mammography and colorectal tests and unmet medical needs. The third section (Figures 16–17) focuses on health care resources: availability of physicians and dentists. The fourth section (Figures 18–20) describes trends in personal health care expenditures, health insurance coverage, and supplemental insurance coverage among Medicare beneficiaries. The Highlights section summarizes major findings from the Chartbook. Suggested citation: National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2019. Hyattsville, MD. 2021.

En este estudio, evaluamos la efectividad de una intervención de dotación de sistemas comunales de agua por cañería y soluciones individuales de saneamiento en pequeñas comunidades rurales dispersas de cuatro departamentos de Bolivia. Empleando datos de una encuesta de seguimiento intermedia y un diseño de evaluación experimental en el que las comunidades fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a grupos de tratamiento y control, encontramos que el Programa, respecto al grupo de control, incrementó en 47.2 y 72.3 puntos porcentuales (pp.) el uso autorreportado de fuentes mejoradas de agua e instalaciones mejoradas de saneamiento, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, el Programa mejoró la accesibilidad a baños secos ecológicos y a agua por cañería dentro del predio, y disminuyó los niveles de contaminación del agua en los hogares de tratamiento. Asimismo, el estudio da evidencia de un impacto estadísticamente significativo en la disminución del tiempo de acarreo de agua entre los hombres aunque este resultado no se observa entre las mujeres. A pesar de que el Programa también logró incrementar el acceso a infraestructura básica de higiene (26.4 pp.), no se encontraron efectos detectables en prácticas de higiene como el lavado de manos, ni en la percepción de su importancia. El análisis de información autorreportada de diarrea muestra que el Programa redujo la prevalencia de diarrea en 10.4 pp. respecto al grupo de control, tanto en niños y niñas entre 6 y 17 años como en adultos hombres entre 18 y 49 años. No se observaron efectos significativos de reducción de diarrea en menores de 0 a 5 años, ni en mujeres adultas, así como tampoco en otras enfermedades relacionadas al acceso a agua. La intervención incrementó en 62.4 pp. la probabilidad de que la comunidad cuente con un comité de agua, y en 26 pp. la probabilidad de que un miembro del hogar participe en estos comités y en actividades de capacitación. Si bien el Programa fue altamente efectivo en mejorar resultados intermedios relacionados al acceso, uso, disponibilidad y calidad de los servicios de agua y saneamiento, algunos resultados de más largo plazo asociados a mejoras en la salud de niños menores, cambios en prácticas de higiene y dedicación de mayor tiempo a actividades productivas no muestran aún cambios significativos. Los hallazgos indican que todavía es necesario seguir trabajando en las cadenas de causalidad establecidas en los programas de agua y saneamiento, e investigando para comprender mejor los factores que intervienen e influyen en la dinámica de las poblaciones rurales.