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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Search friction »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 9 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Search friction"

Keymolen, Esther. « In Search of Friction ». Techné : Research in Philosophy and Technology 25, n^o 3 (2021) : 354–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne20211124150.

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Considering the key mediating role that smartphones play in everyday life, a postphenomenological analysis to better understand how we have power over these devices, how these artifacts empower and simultaneously can overpower us, seems highly relevant. This article will show that in order to engage in such a much-needed postphenomenological analysis, we will first have to address three fundamental, methodological challenges. The first challenge is brought forth by the personalized interface of smartphones, hindering postphenomenologists to unravel the so-called multistability of the device through variational analysis, which typically is an anchoring point in their analysis. The second challenge is that the networked ontology of smartphones disrupts the ideal-typical hermeneutic relationship end-users have with their smartphone. The third, closely related challenge, comes with the general focus of postphenomenology on the everyday life, first-person experience of users, which leaves many, significant stabilities hidden behind the smartphone’s interface.

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Kou, Bin, Yao Huang, Pengpeng Wang, Dongcheng Ren, Jie Zhang et Shijie Guo. « A New Parameter Identification Method for Industrial Robots with Friction ». Machines 10, n^o 5 (9 mai 2022) : 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10050349.

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Commonly used intelligent algorithms that are used to identify the parameters of friction of industrial robots have poor accuracy or involve complex coding, which is not conducive to their use in engineering. This paper uses the random wandering simulated annealing-based variable-step beetle antennae search (RWSAVSBAS) algorithm to identify the parameters of friction of industrial robots. The moment of friction of the third joint of the robot is experimentally obtained and used to establish a Stribeck friction model. Following this, the RWSAVSBAS algorithm is used to identify the frictional parameters of the industrial robot. These parameters can be used to accurately predict the friction-induced torque of the robot.

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Shao, Liang, Chi Jin, Arno Eichberger et Cornelia Lex. « Grid Search Based Tire-Road Friction Estimation ». IEEE Access 8 (2020) : 81506–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2991792.

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Othman, M. O., et A. Seireg. « A Procedure for Evaluating the Friction Properties of Hertzian Contacts Under Reciprocating Sliding Motion ». Journal of Tribology 112, n^o 2 (1 avril 1990) : 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920265.

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The study reported in this paper presents an empirical procedure for evaluating the frictional properties in Hertzian contacts subjected to sinusoidal sliding motion. It utilizes the friction induced lateral vibration of a rod to evaluate the parameters of the frictional function using a gradient search which minimize the error between the analytical response and the friction-induced experimental vibrations. The use of sinusoidal sliding motion at the resonant frequencies of the vibrating rod is found to considerably minimize the effect of external vibrations on the experimental results.

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Hiki, Y., M. Tanahashi et Shin Takeuchi. « Search for High Damping Metallic Glasses ». Key Engineering Materials 319 (septembre 2006) : 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.319.151.

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In a hydrogen-doped metallic glass, there appear low-temperature and high-temperature internal friction peaks respectively associated with a point-defect relaxation and the crystallization. The high-temperature-side slope of low-temperature peak and also the low-temperature-side slope of high-temperature peak enhance the background internal friction near the room temperature. A hydrogen-doped Mg-base metallic glass was proposed as a high-damping material to be used near and somewhat above the room temperature. Stability of the high damping was also checked.

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Cebul, Randall D., James B. Rebitzer, Lowell J. Taylor et Mark E. Votruba. « Unhealthy Insurance Markets : Search Frictions and the Cost and Quality of Health Insurance ». American Economic Review 101, n^o 5 (1 août 2011) : 1842–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.5.1842.

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We analyze the effect of search frictions in the market for commercial health insurance. Frictions increase insurance premiums (enough to transfer 13.2 percent of consumer surplus from fully insured employer groups to insurers—approximately $34.4 billion in 1997); and increase insurance turnover (by 64 percent for the average policy). This rent transfer harms consumers and—when combined with heightened turnover—reduces incentives to invest in future health. We also find that a publicly financed insurance option can improve the efficiency of private insurance markets by reducing search friction induced distortions in pricing and marketing efforts. (JEL D83 G22, I18)

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Mortensen, Dale T. « Markets with Search Friction and the DMP Model ». American Economic Review 101, n^o 4 (1 juin 2011) : 1073–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.4.1073.

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Nourinejad, Mehdi, Amir Gandomi et Matthew J. Roorda. « Illegal parking and optimal enforcement policies with search friction ». Transportation Research Part E : Logistics and Transportation Review 141 (septembre 2020) : 102026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2020.102026.

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Ehsani, Sayeh, Marie-Alice Mandich, Tarek H. El-Bialy et Carlos Flores-Mir. « Frictional Resistance in Self-Ligating Orthodontic Brackets and Conventionally Ligated Brackets ». Angle Orthodontist 79, n^o 3 (1 mai 2009) : 592–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/060208-288.1.

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Abstract Objective: To compare the amount of expressed frictional resistance between orthodontic self-ligating brackets and conventionally ligated brackets in vitro as reported in the literature. Methods: Several electronic databases (Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched without limits. In vitro studies that addressed friction of self-ligating brackets compared with conventionally ligated brackets were selected and reviewed. In addition, a search was performed by going through the reference lists of the selected articles to identify any paper that could have been missed by the electronic searches. Results: A total of 70 papers from the electronic database searches and 3 papers from the secondary search were initially obtained. After applying the selection criteria, only 19 papers were included in this review. A wide range of methods were applied. Conclusions: Compared with conventional brackets, self-ligating brackets produce lower friction when coupled with small round archwires in the absence of tipping and/or torque in an ideally aligned arch. Sufficient evidence was not found to claim that with large rectangular wires, in the presence of tipping and/or torque and in arches with considerable malocclusion, self-ligating brackets produce lower friction compared with conventional brackets.

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Ding, Li, Xingcheng Li, Qilin Li et Yuan Chao. « Nonlinear Friction and Dynamical Identification for a Robot Manipulator with Improved Cuckoo Search Algorithm ». Journal of Robotics 2018 (2018) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8219123.

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This paper concerns the problem of dynamical identification for an industrial robot manipulator and presents an identification procedure based on an improved cuckoo search algorithm. Firstly, a dynamical model of a 6-DOF industrial serial robot has been derived. And a nonlinear friction model is added to describe the friction characteristic at motion reversal. Secondly, we use a cuckoo search algorithm to identify the unknown parameters. To enhance the performance of the original algorithm, both chaotic operator and emotion operator are employed to help the algorithm jump out of local optimum. Then, the proposed algorithm has been implemented on the first three joints of the ER-16 robot manipulator through an identification experiment. The results show that (1) the proposed algorithm has higher identification accuracy over the cuckoo search algorithm or particle swarm optimization algorithm and (2) compared to linear friction model the nonlinear model can describe the friction characteristic of joints better.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Search friction"

MEMBRETTI, MARCO. « Firm size and the Macroeconomy ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/403956.

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La tesi è formata da due capitoli su dinamica della distribuzione delle imprese e shock aggregati. Usando un modello ad imprese eterogenee, la tesi studia le fluttuazioni di ciclo economico dovute a shock alla tecnologia ed ai costi in entrata.
This dissertation collects two essays on firm size dynamics and aggregate shocks. By employing a model with heterogeneous firms, search frictions and endogenous entry/exit we investigate the business cycle dynamics of the firm size distribution by looking at entry cost and technology shocks. The thesis is divided into two chapters.\\ The first chapter explores how an increase in entry costs affects the size of new entrants and the concentration of employment according to firm size, along with its effects on macro-variables such as unemployment and the exit rate. To this aim we use a BVAR model to estimate the response of such variables to an entry cost shock, then we develop a heterogeneous-firm model with search frictions and endogenous entry/exit dynamics calibrated on data from Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) database to address our empirical results.\\ We find that positive entry cost shocks increase the average size of entrants and move employment shares toward the largest firms. These results reveal the role of entry costs' fluctuations in explaining the dynamics at business cycle horizons of both firm and employment share distributions according to size.\\ The second chapter perturbed the model with a technology shock to replicate the long-run differential of job destruction due to exit between small and large firms and its empirical response to technology shocks (estimated by a BVAR). Contrary to frameworks with \textit{exogenous} exit, the model is able to account for the volatility of exit and the differential of job destruction due to exit between small and large firms conditional to the technology shock. Moreover we find that not only entry but also exit is a viable amplification channel for the response of unemployment to the shock.\\

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Engelhardt, Bryan. « Essays on crime and search frictions ». Diss., University of Iowa, 2008. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5.

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In this dissertation, I investigate how government policies influence an individual's decision to search for and accept a job and/or crime opportunity. Chapter 1 looks at how long it takes for released inmates to find a job, and when they find a job, how their incarceration rate changes. The purpose is to predict the effects of a successful job placement program. An on-the-job search model with crime is used to model criminal behavior, derive the estimation method and analyze different types of policies. The results show the unemployed are incarcerated twice as fast as the employed and take on average four and a half months to find a job. Combining these results, it is demonstrated that reducing the average unemployment spell of criminals by two months reduces crime and recidivism by more than five percent. Chapter 2 incorporates crime into a search and matching model of the labor market. All workers, irrespective of their labor force status can commit crimes and the employment contract is determined optimally. The model is used to study, analytically and quantitatively, the effects of various labor market and crime policies such as unemployment insurance, hiring subsidies and the duration of jail sentences. For example, wage subsidies reduce unemployment, the crime rates of employed and unemployed workers, and improve society's welfare. Chapter 3 investigates a market where wholesalers search for retailers and retailers search for consumers. I show how the timing, targets and types of anti-drug policies matter. For instance, supply falls if the likelihood of apprehension rises when a network is established. Alternatively, if the cost of apprehension rises for wholesale dealers when a network is searching for consumers, then revenue sharing is distorted. Such a distortion will increase retail profits and aggregate supply. As an application, the model provides an alternative explanation for why the United States cocaine market saw rising consumption and falling prices during the 1980's. Specifically, the ``War on Drugs" distorted the cocaine market and increased supply.

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Moiseeva, Yulia. « Essays on credit and labour market frictions ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22873.

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The financial crisis of 2008 was characterized by disruptions in credit markets and sharp rises in unemployment. This dissertation contributes to our understanding of the interaction of credit and labour markets. The first chapter studies the impact of credit frictions on labour demand given that the labour market is frictionless. The second chapter introduces search and matching to the labour market and studies the interaction between the two types of frictions. The third chapter investigates wages determined by surplus sharing between firms and workers in the environment with search and credit frictions. In Chapter 1 I develop a partial equilibrium model where homogenous firms face credit frictions in the form of collateral constraints. As a result of these frictions firms' demand for capital depends on their net worth. Firms hire workers in the frictionless labour market with an upward-sloping labour supply curve. The model generates a large, although short-lived, response of capital demand to a negative productivity shock. Through complementarity of factors of production the decrease in capital affects employment and wages. As a result of a one standard deviation negative productivity shock employment falls by around 0.65% and wages fall by around 1.3% as opposed to 0.11% and 0.25%, respectively, in the first-best economy. I also find that changing capital and labour supply elasticities have different implications in the presence of credit frictions compared to the first-best economy. Chapter 2 extends Chapter 1 by introducing search frictions to the labour side of the economy. On one hand, when buying capital firms have to deal with the credit frictions outlined above. On the other hand, when hiring workers they face standard search and matching frictions. I then study the interaction of the two frictions. Credit frictions affect labour demand through complementarity of capital and labour. Search frictions influence capital demand through wages: When wages are only partially flexible, the decline in firms' net worth is larger, and the resulting fall in capital is larger as well. I also find that the response of wages to wage flexibility is non-monotonic in the presence of credit frictions. This could potentially explain why we see wages fall little in data. In Chapter 3 I use a model of search and credit frictions developed in Chapter 2 to investigate wages determined by surplus sharing in such environment. I find that credit frictions affect the surplus-sharing mechanism in such a way that they increase the worker's effective bargaining power. That is, the firm and the worker negotiate wages as if the worker had a higher bargaining power. This is due to the fact that under search and credit frictions the firm values workers more that under pure search frictions because output they produce increases the firm's net worth. However, the effective worker's bargaining power appears to be endogenous to the firm's capital holdings and the number of employees. The more capital the firm has, the less the firm is financially constrained, and the lower wages its workers are able to extract. Due to endogeneity of the worker's effective bargaining power, the effect of credit frictions on wages is ambiguous.

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Gkionakis, Vasileios. « Labour market policy and individual saving behaviour in markets with search frictions ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2946/.

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The present dissertation evaluates specific labour market policies and investigates individual saving behaviour in economies characterized by search and matching frictions in the labour market. The first chapter investigates the optimality of state provided unemployment insurance in a search theoretic framework with saving and borrowing constraints. The model is solved numerically, since an analytic solution is not possible, and then calibrated using features of the US economy. The results demonstrate that when individuals have access to saving, the importance of unemployment benefits provision diminishes significantly. Ex post heterogeneity among agents, matters however. Individuals that were unlucky not to accumulate enough assets to buffer the unemployment risk, would still prefer to receive non-trivial amounts of state provided benefits during their unemployment spell. The second chapter of the thesis is concerned with the interaction between saving, consumption and search. It starts by documenting that the excess sensitivity of consumption growth to lagged labor income growth conceals a negative sensitivity of consumption growth to lagged unemployment growth. To understand this empirical regularity, we embed search frictions in a heterogeneous agent, precautionary savings model and study the implications for unemployment and consumption dynamics both at the microeconomic and macroeconomic level. The third and final chapter employs a standard search and matching model with no saving, in order to study the effects of firing taxes on the job destruction rate, when probation period - or temporary contract - policies are implemented. It is shown that, contrary to conventional wisdom, firing taxes can amplify the job turnover rate by providing incentives to destroy surviving matches at the end of the probation period. Moreover, low skill workers are shown to be more severely affected while wage inequality across different productivity groups may increase.

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Bradley, Jake. « Structural models of the labor market in the presence of search frictions ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.684913.

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This thesis consists of three independent research projects aimed at gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying labor markets. The unifying themes of the thesis are the theoretical modeling and estimation approaches, which are similar in all three chapters. In the first chapter, co-authored with Helene Turon and Fabien Postel-Vi nay, we develop and estimate a structural model that incorporates a sizable public sector in a labor market with search frictions. The wage distribution and the employment rate in the public sector are taken as exogenous policy parameters. The model is estimated on British data. We use the model to simulate the impact of various counterfactual public sector wage and employment policies. The next chapter, co-authored with Daniel Borowczyk-Martins and Linas Tarasonis, assesses racial prejudice as a source to explain employment and wage differentials between white and black workers. We estimate the model with US data using methods of indirect inference. Finally, I develop and estimate a general equilibrium model with the option of taking up self-employment. The model incorporates self-employed workers, some of whom hire paid employees, in an equilibrium model of the labor market. Employment rates and earnings distributions are determined endogenously and are estimated to match their empirical counterparts. The model is estimated using the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS)

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Camargo, Bruno Rodrigues. « The role of search frictions in the access to finance by firms ». reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24490.

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In this thesis I empirically investigate the role of non-price related search frictions in the access to finance by firms. The focus is on the relationship between these factors and how their variation in time can affect access to finance. The study uses a rich dataset of small, medium and large firms from 109 countries, mostly of them emerging economies, and of country related search friction indicators. Results show that banking outreach indicators and informational infrastructure are strongly associated with access to finance. The percentage of internet users and its variation are the most relevant of the informational variables, especially for small and medium enterprises. For large firms, the changes in fixed phone subscriptions and in the proportion of branches by population are the most relevant frictions. Results shed light on the already identifiable role of internet on financial inclusion of SMEs, and on the difference search frictions make in the access to finance depending on firm’s size.
Esta dissertação investiga empiricamente o papel das fricções de busca não relacionadas a preços no acesso a financiamento por empresas. O foco está na relação entre elas, bem como no efeito das mudanças nesses indicadores nos níveis de acesso a financiamento. O estudo usa um rico conjunto de dados de pequenas, médias e grandes empresas de 109 países, a maioria países em desenvolvimento, e de indicadores de fricção de busca por país. Os resultados mostram que os indicadores de alcance bancário e de infraestrutura informacional estão fortemente associados ao acesso a financiamento. A porcentagem de usuários da internet e a sua variação são as mais relevantes dentre as variáveis informacionais, especialmente para pequenas e médias empresas. Para as grandes empresas, as variações no número de assinaturas de telefonia fixa e na proporção de agências bancárias pela população são mais relevantes. Os resultados esclarecem o papel já identificável da internet na inclusão financeira de PMEs e a diferença que as fricções de busca fazem no acesso a financiamento dependendo do tamanho da empresa.

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FERJANCIC, MAJA. « Essays on uncertainty, business cycles and search frictions in the credit market ». Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/11565/4054261.

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Shelegia, Sandro. « Markets with Frictions ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7398.

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Esta tesis consta de tres capítulos en donde analizo mercados con fricciones. En los dos primeros capítulos, estas fricciones surgen debido a la carencia información completa acerca de los precios por parte de los consumidores. Puntualmente, en el primer capítulo, se estudia como se desarrolla la competición de precio multiproducto en este tipo de ambiente. Se encuentra que la búsqueda por precios bajos por parte de los consumidores conlleva a que las firmas fijen los precios de los productos complementarios de manera correlativamente inversa. De esta manera, las firmas buscan incrementar sus ganancias valiéndose de aquellos consumidores que no investigan lo suficiente. En el siguiente capítulo se analiza cuales son los efectos que genera la búsqueda de mejores precios en la determinación de los mismos cuando las firmas tienen diferentes costos marginales. Se demuestra que firmas con diferentes estructuras de costos no pueden fijar los mismos precios en equilibrio. Debido a esto, mayores costos conllevan a mayores precios promedios. Finalmente, en el tercer capítulo, las fricciones emergen debido a que las firmas no tienen acceso a todos los mercados. Se analiza la competición en cantidades que se desarrolla luego de la etapa de inversión en capacidad productiva. Se demuestra que la capacidad productiva es mayor que la generada en un modelo Cournot estándar debido los incentivos pro-competitivos presentes en los mercados fragmentados.
This thesis consists of three chapters analyzing markets with frictions. In the first two chapters frictions result from consumers not knowing all the prices and searching for them. The first chapter studies multiproduct price competition in this environment. It finds that consumer search induces firms to negatively correlate prices of complements in order to rip-off consumers who do not search enough. The second chapter studies the effects of consumer search on price competition when firms have different marginal costs. It demonstrates that firms with different costs cannot charge common prices in equilibrium. Due to this, the higher are the costs the higher are the average prices charged by firms. In the third chapter frictions emerge because firms do not have access to all the markets. It analyzes quantity competition following a capacity investment stage to show that equilibrium capacity is larger than in a standard Cournot model because of pro-competitive incentives in fragmented markets.

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Onwordi, George Emeka. « Labour market policies and unemployment in the presence of search & ; matching frictions ». Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/4e0c62e8-c210-4da2-83dc-5dc13ff7a803.

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This thesis consists of three theoretical chapters, all related to the response of unemployment to shocks and the role of active and passive labour market policies. Throughout the thesis, unemployment is assumed to evolve as a result of the uncoordinated nature of the labour market along the lines outlined in the Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides equilibrium search and matching model. Chapter 2 examines the effects of employment policies on vacancy creation and allocation decisions of firms and unemployment across workers with different skills. We develop a partial equilibrium model with heterogeneous high- and low-tech jobs and with skilled and unskilled workers, which we motivate by the stark evidence on the incidence of cross-skill employment (which crowds out unskilled workers, e.g. evidence for the US, the UK and the EU put these at 58%, 32%, and 35%, respectively). We show that certain employment protection policies could, in fact, lead to a reduction in job creation and might alter the allocation of vacancies across low- and high-tech job type. We find that: (i) skilled workers benefit while unskilled workers experience high jobless rate; (ii) policy effects differ when they are skill-specific; (ii) stricter policies can have more severe consequences; and (iv) vacancy creation subsidy can play a key role in reducing unemployment across worker type as well as alleviating the cross-skill crowding out of jobs. Against conventional wisdom, we demonstrate that severance compensation can have a ‘real’ effect on job creation decision, provided there is some degree of strictness in its enforcement. Motivated by the extensive use of fiscal stimulus policies and labour market reforms during the last economic crisis, in Chapter 3 we study the implications of labour market regulations in driving the sensitivity of an economy to fiscal spending shocks, in a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model with job search frictions. We demonstrate that less rigidity in the labour market reduces the impact of fiscal demand shock on job creation and employment, both at extensive and intensive margins, whereas higher rigidity amplifies it. We also establish that the extent to which government spending promotes economic activity, job creation and employment depends on the degree of substitutability between private and public consumption. Higher substitutability dampens economic activity and reduces the sizes of output and employment multipliers. Labour market-oriented fiscal spending is found to be the most potent policy instruments for promoting employment – especially in the presence of high labour market rigidities. Finally, in Chapter 4, we study how openness to international trade and capital mobility and their interactions with labour market policies affect the behaviour of an economy, in particular with respect to its unemployment level. We show that the degree of openness to international capital flow is crucial for understanding the response of unemployment to different shocks. In isolation, by raising the incentive to invest, a reduction in capital mobility barriers leads to lower unemployment, both in the long-run and the dynamic short-run. With limited restrictions to capital movement, unemployment responds faster and with greater magnitude to a domestic productivity shock, and this is further enhanced the more the economy is open to international trade. A striking finding of this study is that while a higher degree of capital mobility enhances the adjustment of unemployment in response to a domestic productivity shock, it dampens its adjustment to a foreign demand shock. By contrast, higher openness to international trade enhances the adjustment effects of both shocks on unemployment. Finally, we find that heterogeneity in the welfare state systems in the EU can generate substantial differentials in the adjustment of unemployment to various shocks.

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Park, Yongmin. « Interactions between heterogeneity in nominal rigidities and search frictions in general equilibrium models ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33065.

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This dissertation consists of three chapters that aim to build a framework which can be used to study interactions between the labour market and macroeconomic dynamics. To achieve this, we reformulate a standard New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model to include search and matching frictions in the labour market and heterogeneity in price and wage stickiness. The first chapter, coauthored with Professor Engin Kara, builds a real business cycle model with labour search frictions and heterogeneity in wage stickiness. Shimer’s (2005) critique on labour search models, that it cannot explain observed unemployment movements, reignited a long-standing debate on unemployment fluctuations and wage determination. Gertler and Trigari (2009) introduce wage stickiness to the model to match unemployment volatility, while Pissarides (2009) finds this modification not satisfactory, citing evidence on high wage cyclicality. We find heterogeneity in wage stickiness in microdata on wages. Our model, which reflects this heterogeneity, matches the data better than its one sector alternatives. The second chapter, coauthored with Professor Engin Kara, studies output dynamics in New Keynesian models with the standard labour market and heterogeneity in price stickiness. We analytically and numerically show that these models can reproduce a hump-shaped output response to persistent monetary shocks, which is a key feature of monetary transmission mechanism. The version of models without heterogeneity cannot generate a hump. Flexible prices in models with heterogeneity play a crucial role, by generating inertia to price-setting and output. The third chapter studies how the labour search frictions affect output dynamics in New Keynesian models, when combined with heterogeneity in nominal rigidities. Long-term employment relationship, that arises under search and matching framework, makes marginal costs history dependent. We show that this history dependence generates inertia in the model. Heterogeneity in nominal rigidities significantly reinforces this inertia, resulting in a hump-shaped output response to persistent monetary shocks. The model without the search frictions cannot replicate a hump even when monetary shocks are persistent, when wages are sticky.

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Livres sur le sujet "Search friction"

Acemoglu, Daron. Holdups and efficiency with search frictions. Cambridge, Mass : Dept. of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998.

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Thomas, Carlos. Search frictions, real rigidities and inflation dynamics. London : Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, 2007.

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Lagos, Ricardo A. Liquidity in asset markets with search frictions. Cleveland, Ohio] : Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2007.

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Wasmer, Etienne. Equilibrium search unemployment with explicit spatial frictions. Bonn, Germany : IZA, 2005.

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Güler, Bülent. Joint-search theory : New opportunities and new frictions. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009.

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W, Cooper Russell. Implications of search frictions : Matching aggregate and establishment-level observations. Cambridge, Mass : National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Hornstein, Andreas. Frictional wage dispersion in search models : A quantitative assessment. Richmond, Va.] : Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, 2006.

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Boeri, Tito. Preferences for rigid versus individualized wage setting in search economies with frictions. Bonn, Germany : IZA, 2004.

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W, Cooper Russell. Hours and employment implications of search frictions : Matching aggregate and establishment-level observations. Kansas City [Mo.] : Research Division, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, 2006.

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Hornstein, Andreas. Technical appendix for frictional wage dispersion in search models : A quantitative assessment. Richmond, Va.] : Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, 2006.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Search friction"

Kinsella, Stephen, et David M. Ramsey. « A Model of Partnership Formation with Friction and Multiple Criteria ». Dans Search Theory, 267–93. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6825-7_17.

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Tutum, Cem Celal, Kalyanmoy Deb et Jesper Hattel. « Hybrid Search for Faster Production and Safer Process Conditions in Friction Stir Welding ». Dans Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 603–12. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17298-4_68.

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Zagler, Martin. « Structural Change and Search Frictions ». Dans Growth and Employment in Europe, 51–70. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230506329_4.

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Shaw, Patrick, et Laurel Wheeler. « Digital Networking and the Case of Youth Unemployment in South Africa ». Dans Introduction to Development Engineering, 293–321. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86065-3_12.

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AbstractSouth Africa has one of the highest rates of youth unemployment and under-employment around the world, despite having a relatively large formal sector. This is driven, in part, by frictions in labor markets, including lack of information about job applicants’ skills, limited access to job training, and employers’ reliance on referrals through professional networks for hiring. This case study explores whether the online platform LinkedIn can be used to improve the employment outcomes of disadvantaged youth in South Africa. Researchers worked with an NGO, the Harambee Youth Employment Accelerator, to develop a training for young workseekers in the use of LinkedIn for job search, applications, and networking for referrals. This intervention was randomized across 30 cohorts of youth, with more than 1600 students enrolled in the study. The research team worked with LinkedIn engineers to access data generated by the platform. The evaluation finds that participants exposed to the LinkedIn training (the “treated” participants) were 10% more likely than the control group to find immediate employment, an effect that persisted for at least a year after job readiness training.

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Soom, A., et A. Chopra. « In search of dynamic effects in dry sliding friction ». Dans Tribology Series, 55–59. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8922(01)80092-4.

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Posner, Eric A. « The Limits of Antitrust ». Dans How Antitrust Failed Workers, 117–21. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197507629.003.0008.

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While antitrust law is an important response to labor market monopsony, it cannot solve all the problems of labor monopsony. A significant degree of labor market power is “frictional,” that is, without artificial barriers to entry or excessive concentration of employment. The two major sources of such friction are search costs and job differentiation. Search costs refer to the costs a worker must incur in order to find a job. Job differentiation refers to the variations in amenities and other conditions that distinguish otherwise similar-seeming jobs. A simple mathematical exercise, drawing on estimates of concentration and aggregate and firm-specific labor supply elasticities, shows that even if labor market concentration were eliminated, workers would be paid less than 60% of the competitive wage.

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Bowlus, Audra J., et Shannon N. Seitz. « Search Friction in the U.S. Labor Market : Equilibrium Estimates from the PSID ». Dans Panel Data and Structural Labour Market Models, 145–69. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/s0573-8555(2000)0000243011.

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Mortimer, Peter S., et Roderick J. Hay. « Blood and lymphatic vessel disorders ». Dans Oxford Textbook of Medicine, sous la direction de Roderick J. Hay, 5709–23. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0561.

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Bleeding into the skin may occur for local reasons or as part of a systemic disorder. The distribution of lesions is important: widespread lesions suggest a systemic problem, whereas regional lesions suggest that local factors predominate. Widespread flat purpura without erythema should prompt a search for underlying haematological abnormalities such as platelet disorders. In patients with acute peripheral ischaemia, it is important to exclude embolism. A pressure ulcer (decubitus ulcer, bedsore, pressure sore) is due to localized injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue as a result of pressure alone, or in combination with shear and/or friction. Meanwhile, acute deep venous thrombosis may be silent but usually results in skin erythema and limb oedema. Consequences of post-thrombotic vein damage include further deep venous thrombosis, superficial thrombophlebitis, oedema, skin changes, and eventually ulceration.

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Mutape, Shamiso Samantha, et Jeffrey Kurebwa. « The Impact of COVID-19 on Peacekeeping Operations in the Democratic Republic of Congo ». Dans Handbook of Research on Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Threats and Impacts of Pandemics, 148–62. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8674-7.ch008.

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The study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on peacekeeping operations in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The study relied on qualitative methodology while data was gathered through key informant interviews and documentary search. The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the humanitarian situation in the DRC. This has seen rising unemployment, political instability, and domestic violence being witnessed. The pandemic has fuelled geopolitical friction. Peacekeeping missions are necessitated by the need to facilitate and monitor the political process, protect civilians, assist in the disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration of former combatants and support the organization of elections, protect, and promote human security. If peacekeeping operations are disrupted, there will be chaos, abuse, and forced displacement of people among the region and internationally. It can be concluded that the pandemic has negatively affected peacekeeping operations in the DRC.

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Duffie, Darrell. « A Simple OTC Pricing Model ». Dans Dark Markets. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691138961.003.0004.

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This chapter presents a simple introduction to asset pricing in over-the-counter markets. Investors search for opportunities to trade and bargain with counterparties, each counterparty being aware that failure to conduct a trade could lead to a costly new search for a counterparty. In equilibrium, whenever there is gain from trade, the opportunity to search for a new counterparty is dominated by trading at the equilibrium asset price. The asset price reflects the degree of search frictions. Under conditions, illiquidity premia are higher when counterparties are harder to find, when sellers have less bargaining power, when the fraction of qualified owners is smaller, and when risk aversion, volatility, or hedging demand is larger. Supply shocks cause prices to jump, and then “recover” over time, with a pattern that depends on the degree of search frictions. The chapter shows how the equilibrium bargaining powers of the counterparties are determined by search opportunities using the approach of Rubinstein and Wolinsky (1985).

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Search friction"

Tochner, Saar, et Stefan Schmid. « On Search Friction of Route Discovery in Offchain Networks ». Dans 2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/blockchain50366.2020.00039.

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FOLKE, FREDERIK, MOHAMAD ATTIEH et REBEKKA KOPMANN. « IN SEARCH OF FRICTION LAWS FOR VEGETATEDFLOW WITHIN 2D LARGE-SCALE APPLICATIONS ». Dans 38th IAHR World Congress. The International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/38wc092019-0793.

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Specian, Andrew, et Mark Yim. « Friction binding study and remedy design for tethered search and rescue robots ». Dans 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics (SSRR). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssrr.2015.7442940.

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Yamada, Takazumi, Motoyuki Murashima, Noritsugu Umehara et Takayuki Tokoroyama. « Development of Friction Stabilization Control Using Genetic Algorithm and Contact Point Control Method ». Dans JSME 2020 Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing/Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/lemp2020-8602.

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Abstract Currently, there are many tribological components that require long life. In the case of unique machines such as satellites and wind turbines, parts replacement and maintenance require huge costs. Generally, machine surfaces get damaged (e.g. wear scar) during operations, which impedes stable sliding [1,2]. We establish a new surface which can avoid the damaged part in order that maintenance-free or energy-efficient mechanical components can be realized. The previous researchers have developed a method which actively controls friction by using a morphing surface. The morphing surface consists of morphing diaphragms and some supportive parts. Inspired by previous research, this study established a new friction stabilization method that controls the contact position when partial damage occurs on the counter surface. We applied genetic algorithm (GA), one of the artificial intelligence technology, to realize efficient contact point control. In order to stabilize friction, we searched for an optimum pattern of contact points that could avoid the damaged parts by applying GA. By repeating this searching method, a contact point pattern that avoids the damaged parts can be found. As results of experiments, we have succeeded in stabilizing friction by searching for contact point patterns that automatically avoid damage in the friction test using GA. However, even if the search is performed efficiently using GA, the calculation times is necessary about 10–20 times. Therefore, it is necessary to shorten the time before the damage is avoided. We report on a method to shorten the search time for the optimal contact point pattern using GA as the latest progress. In this method, some simple contact point patterns are used to roughly identify the locations where damage might be present during some rotations. At the section of creating the 50 contact patterns, this probability of damage existence is used to create the 50 contact patterns that are more likely to avoid the damaged parts. By adding this process before the friction test using GA, we succeeded in reducing the number of calculations from 10–20 times to 2 times.

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Ahmadi, Shahriar G., Tamer M. Wasfy, Hatem M. Wasfy et Jeanne M. Peters. « High-Fidelity Modeling of a Backhoe Digging Operation Using an Explicit Multibody Dynamics Code With Integrated Discrete Particle Modeling Capability ». Dans ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12896.

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A high-fidelity multibody dynamics model for simulating a backhoe digging operation is presented. The backhoe components including: frame, manipulator, track, wheels and sprockets are modeled as rigid bodies. The soil is modeled using cubic shaped particles for simulating sand with appropriate inter-particle normal and frictional forces. A penalty technique is used to impose both joint and normal contact constraints (including track-wheels, track-terrain, bucket-particles and particles-particles contact). An asperity-based friction model is used to model joint and contact friction. A Cartesian Eulerian grid contact search algorithm is used to allow fast contact detection between particles. A recursive bounding box contact search algorithm is used to allow fast contact detection between polygonal contact surfaces. The governing equations of motion are solved along with joint/constraint equations using a time-accurate explicit solution procedure. The model can help improve the performance of construction equipment by predicting the actuator and joint forces and the vehicle stability during digging for various vehicle design alternatives.

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Sanliturk, Kenan Y., David J. Ewins, Robert Elliott et Jeff S. Green. « Friction Damper Optimisation : Simulation of Rainbow Tests ». Dans ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-336.

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Friction dampers have been used to reduce turbine blade vibration levels for a considerable period of time. However, optimal design of these dampers has been quite difficult due both to a lack of adequate theoretical predictions and to difficulties in conducting reliable experiments. One of the difficulties of damper weight optimisation via the experimental route has been the inevitable effects of mistuning. Also, conducting separate experiments for different damper weights involves excessive cost. Therefore, current practice in the turbomachinery industry has been to conduct so-called ‘rainbow tests’ where friction dampers with different weights are placed between blades with a predefined configuration. However, it has been observed that some rainbow test results have been difficult to interpret and have been inconclusive for determining the optimum damper weight for a given bladed-disc assembly. A new method of analysis — a combination of Harmonic Balance Method and structural modification approaches — is presented in this paper for the analysis of structures with friction interfaces and the method is applied to search for qualitative answers about the so-called ‘rainbow tests’ in turbomachinery applications. A simple lumped-parameter model of a bladed-disc model was used and different damper weights were modelled using friction elements with different characteristics. Resonance response levels were obtained for bladed discs with various numbers of blades under various engine-order excitations. It was found that rainbow tests, where friction dampers with different weights are used on the same bladed-disc assembly, can be used to find the optimum damper weight if the mode of vibration concerned has weak blade-to-blade coupling (the case where the disc is almost rigid and blades vibrate almost independently from each other). Otherwise, it is very difficult to draw any reliable conclusion from such expensive experiments.

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Gregory, Julie J., Thomas L. Paez, Ronald G. Coleman et Danny L. Gregory. « Identification of a Micro-Slip Friction Damping Function Using Directed Genetic Programming ». Dans ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/vib-21515.

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Abstract This paper describes the application of directed genetic programming to explore the functional form of non-linear restoring forces that arise due to micro-slip friction. Data are obtained from an experiment to investigate the friction forces in a simple shear interface subjected to a vibration environment. A candidate functional form is proposed to model this friction, and a genetic search is then performed which seeks optimal parameters for the function. The resulting parameters provide the best fit of the proposed functional to the experimental data.

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Marvi, Hamidreza, Gregory Meyers, Geoffrey Russell et David L. Hu. « Scalybot : A Snake-Inspired Robot With Active Control of Friction ». Dans ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-6174.

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Snakes are one of the world’s most versatile locomotors, at ease slithering through rubble or ratcheting up vertical tree trunks. Their adaptations for movement across complex dry terrain thus serve naturally as inspirations for search-and-rescue robotics. In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we perform experiments on inclined surfaces to show a snake’s scales are critical anatomical features that enable climbing. We find corn snakes actively change their scale angle of attack by contracting their ventral muscles and lifting their bodies. We use this novel paradigm to design Scalybot, a two-link limbless robot with individually controlled sets of belly scales. The robot ascends styrofoam plates inclined up to 45°, demonstrating a climbing ability comparable to that of a corn snake in the same conditions. The robot uses individual servos to provide a spatial and temporal dependence of its belly friction, effectively anchoring the stationary part of its body while reducing frictional drag of its sliding section. The ability to actively modulate friction increases both the robot’s efficiency over horizontal surfaces and the limiting angles of inclination it can ascend.

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Brun, M. « Friction behavior under magnetorheological lubricant in sheet metal forming process ». Dans Sheet Metal 2023. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902417-35.

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Abstract. The increasingly high standards required in sheet metal forming industry, both geometrical and aesthetical, lead to continuous search of solutions to control the metal sheet flow during deformation. As alternative to traditional draw beads or hydraulically controlled segmented dies, the possibility of locally varying the material tangential speed by adapting the surface tribology at the interface between the blank and the blank holder represents a still unexplored scenario. The paper presents the feasibility analysis of the use of magneto-rheological (MR) fluids as lubricants in stamping, exploiting their ability to vary their rheological behaviour in response to external magnetic fields. To this aim, a new strip drawing test bench was developed to investigate the friction behaviour of MR fluids under different magnetic fields. The cold stamping of DC05 steel sheet was taken as reference case to investigate the influence of typical process parameters such as contact pressure, sliding speed and magnetic field.

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Dakev, Nikolay V., Andrew J. Chipperfield et Peter J. Fleming. « Optimal Damping of Vibrations in Multibody Systems Through Equivalent Friction Control Laws ». Dans ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0638.

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Abstract In the paper modelling and optimization of friction laws and energy exchange processes in multibody systems are considered. The multibody systems are regarded as chains of absolutely rigid bodies with compliance and friction concentrated at the connections. It is proposed to control the vibration level of such systems by introducing equivalent frictional forces. Such an approach enables modelling and optimization of passive and semi-active damping methods together with active control of vibrations in multibody systems within a unified framework. In particular, the equivalent friction laws can be regarded as controls minimizing deviations of the multibody system motion from the reference trajectory and used for total compensation of links cross interactions and stabilization of fast modes. The corresponding optimal vibration control problem is formulated and reduced to a constrained optimization one in order to determine the optimal friction laws dissipating the oscillation energy. For linear vibration control problems numerical methods based on solving matrix Lyapunov and Riccati equations are discussed. Additionally, an approach employing a global search mechanism, the genetic algorithm, and parallel processing techniques, to alleviate the problem of computational burden, is proposed to solve general control problems for optimal vibration damping. Two examples are presented in order to illustrate the proposed approach.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Search friction"

Martellini, Paolo, et Guido Menzio. Declining Search Frictions, Unemployment and Growth. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, avril 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24518.

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Brancaccio, Giulia, Myrto Kalouptsidi et Theodore Papageorgiou. Geography, Search Frictions and Endogenous Trade Costs. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, juillet 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23581.

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Lester, Benjamin, Ali Shourideh, Venky Venkateswaran et Ariel Zetlin-Jones. Market-making with Search and Information Frictions. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, mai 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24648.

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Bhuller, Manudeep, Domenico Ferraro, Andreas Kostøl et Trond Vigtel. The Internet, Search Frictions and Aggregate Unemployment. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, février 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30911.

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Bergman, Peter, Eric Chan et Adam Kapor. Housing Search Frictions : Evidence from Detailed Search Data and a Field Experiment. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, mai 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27209.

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Guler, Bulent, Fatih Guvenen et Giovanni Violante. Joint-Search Theory : New Opportunities and New Frictions. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, mai 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15011.

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Brancaccio, Giulia, Myrto Kalouptsidi, Theodore Papageorgiou et Nicola Rosaia. Search Frictions and Efficiency in Decentralized Transportation Markets. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, juin 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27300.

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Argyle, Bronson, Taylor Nadauld et Christopher Palmer. Real Effects of Search Frictions in Consumer Credit Markets. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, janvier 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26645.

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Allen, Jason, Robert Clark et Jean-François Houde. Search Frictions and Market Power in Negotiated Price Markets. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, février 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19883.

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Cooper, Russell, John Haltiwanger et Jonathan Willis. Implications of Search Frictions : Matching Aggregate and Establishment-level Observations. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, mai 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13115.

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