Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Screens (Church decoration) (Federation) »

The Holy Synod of the Serbian Orthodox Church and the state representatives of the Republic of Serbia, with the brotherly aid of the Government of The Russian Federation and its Department for External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchy are nearing the completion of the Temple of Saint Sava. The unique style and artistic concepts of Nikolay Mukhin is in complete harmony with the architecture of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople, the foremost example of Byzantine and Serbian medieval art. There are four representations in the great arch of each cupola of the Temple of Saint Sava, grouped according to meaning and history as presented in the Holy Testament, with the aim of faithfully depicting the earthly life of Christ and the Mother of God. The rich and original iconography of the mosaics and iconostases is awe-inspiring in their artistry for the over three hundred artists engaged in their execution. The conceptual knot of the interior: the dome, the space below, the pendentive and main arches, with their beautifully decorated altar space, have enriched Serbia and the world with one of the most imposing and magnificent monuments of Christianity today.

The article attempts to investigate the history of the construction of the Intercession Cathedral in the city of Okhtyrka, Sumy region, which was built in 1753–1768 during the Ukrainian Baroque era. Studying new documents from various archival funds helped reveal changes in the plans of this sacred building aimed at observing the Ukrainian tradition of a three-story church. It is shown that the artistic decoration of the cathedral continued in the 19th century, and the masters of carving, sculpting, wall painting, etc., performed their work without the participation of the architect, which did not interfere with the integrity of the artistic decision. It is confirmed by archival photo documents of the general appearance and interior design of the temple, which are introduced to the scientific circulation for the first time. Some names of the masters who worked on the artistic design of the cathedral in different periods of its history before the Soviet era have been identified and introduced into scientific circulation. Emphasis is placed on the unique regional stylistic features of this Sloboda Ukraine landmark of the Ukrainian Baroque era. An analysis of its condition during Soviet times, when it was used as a wine-vodka warehouse, is accompanied by corresponding photos, which are presented for the first time. In the description of the current state of the Cathedral, already used for divine services, for the first time a number of photos are given, fixing the results of the reconstruction. The need to create a unified state management system for the protection of cultural monuments is emphasized, which is especially relevant under modern conditions, when the aggressor country of the Russian Federation, having attacked Ukraine, mercilessly destroys the objects of our cultural heritage. It is emphasized that due to the lack of state support, local communities, which are trying to restore a sacred building abandoned during the Soviet era, are unable to create a comprehensive program of reconstruction or restoration, and therefore resort to stylization according to a certain historical era, losing their relevance to the individual uniqueness of the artistic image of the lost monument, as can be seen on the example of the reconstruction of the Holy Intercession Cathedral, Okhtyrka. The results of the study have the prospect of continuation and can be used in the future to match the lost identical image of this important sacred monument for Ukrainian culture.

Ancient construction and artistic decoration of buildings in European countries as well as in Ukraine have similarities in styles, construction and decoration materials. The planning principles of urban development in Europe and Ukraine have similar roots in the styles dating back to the times of ancient Greece and Rome, which have been well preserved to our time. These styles of classicism and Gothic, baroque and renaissance perfectly harmoniously combine with each other and are complemented by modern buildings. Studying the architecture of the EU countries, we can state that Ukraine is an integral part of Europe. However, Ukraine unfortunately did not take proper care of architectural monuments. You can also add the destruction of thousands of buildings in Ukraine during the Second World War, which were not properly restored. Many buildings were completely destroyed, while others are still in an unsatisfactory condition. The policy of the Soviet Union was built on the principles of labor classism, where any identification with the bourgeoisie (which included private cottages, palaces, cathedrals, etc.) was cruelly rejected and forbidden. Most of the Temples were destroyed by the Soviet authorities, most of the palaces were rebuilt and lost their original beauty. As an example, we can cite the Shariv castle in the Kharkiv region, an architectural masterpiece that was transformed into a tuberculosis dispensary during the Soviet regime, and in the church of the Gamalivsk women's monastery in Shostka, Sumy region, a correctional colony was made, which is still an active colony (Fig. 6) and such Unfortunately, we have a lot of examples. The ancient buildings of the EU countries are protected and restored to preserve the historical style, buildings made of stone or brick are supplemented with modern materials, such as glass and metal structures. During the war with the Russian Federation, many buildings and architectural monuments were destroyed in Ukraine. Now the region needs to develop a unified strategy for the restoration of our state, including rebuilding buildings and structures that have historical and cultural value, form the principle of reproducing the architecture of our cities in accordance with the styles that were used in ancient times. In order to preserve historical objects, it is necessary to have a monument protection policy at the state level, state programs for the protection of cultural heritage, and to ensure the work of the relevant monument protection services. The main idea of the "Recommendations on the Preservation and Modern Role of Historical Ensembles" boils down to ensuring comprehensive protection of objects of historical and cultural and especially architectural heritage. Keywords: architecture, European buildings, classicism, gothic, modern, Ukrainian buildings, reconstruction of buildings, restoration of post-war Ukraine.