Articles de revues : « Scott Farm Seed Co »

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Burg, J. G., et F. W. Knapp. « Evaluation of Permethrin Wipes for Fly Control on Horses, 1986 ». Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 12, n^o 1 (1 janvier 1987) : 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/12.1.372.

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Abstract Five horse wipe products, Flysect™ Super-7, Flysect™ Super-7 concentrate, Tech-trol™ wipe-on, Tech-trol™ concentrate and Poridon™, were tested for fly control on pastured and stabled horses. Flysect™ Super-7, Tech-trol™ wipe-on and Poridon™ were used directly from the container. Flysect™ Super-7 concentrate was diluted 1:4 with water and Tech-trol™ concentrate was diluted 1:24 with water. The stable study was conducted in a 20 stall barn on the University of Kentucky Agriculture Research Farm containing 18 yearlings. Rice hull bedding was used and stalls were cleaned daily. Yearlings remained in their stalls except during cleaning. All treatment horses were brushed prior to wipe application. Each product was applied to 3 randomly selected yearlings at a rate of 120 ml/animal on 28 Jul '86. Three untreated yearlings served as controls. Fly counts were made immediately prior to treatment and at 1, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h post-treatment. The pasture study was conducted on 2 privately owned thoroughbred farms in Fayette and Scott Co. in central Kentucky. All horses remained in the pasture for the duration of the study. Five mares and 1 stallion on the Scott Co. farm were treated with the wipe-on products on 11, 18 and 25 Aug '86 (2 animals/wipe/date, 6 replications/ treatment). Six mares on the Fayette Co. farm were treated with concentrates on 18 and 25 Aug '86 (3 animals/concentrate/date, 6 replications/concentrate). No animal received the same treatment twice. Foals were present in some of the pastures with treated mares. Four mares on the Fayette Co. farm served as controls for the duration of the study. All treatment animals were brushed and wiped as previously described. Fly counts were made immediately prior to treatment and at 1, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h post-treatment.

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Borgaonkar, S. B., M. B. Patil, A. B. Jadhav et G. S. Pawar. « Co-relation studies in desi cotton genotypes (Gossypium arboreum L.) ». INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES 19, n^o 1 (15 janvier 2024) : 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/19.1/37-42.

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The present investigation entitled “Correlation studies indesi cotton genotypes (Gossypium arboreum L.)” was carried out to evaluate promising cotton genotypes yield and yield contributing traits at Cotton Research Station, Mahboob baugh farm, VNMKV, Parbhani, during Kharif season-2022. The present experiment conducted on fifteen promising genotypes of cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) including two checks. The genotypes tested were PA-904, PA-906, PA- 907, PA-927, PA-929, PA-932, PA-936, PA-941, PA-942, PA-945, PA-947, PA-948, PA-950 along with two checks PA-742 (C) and NH-615 (C). The results revealed that the characters vizsympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, 10-boll weight, seed index, and ginning out turn were significantly and positively correlated with the seed cotton yield. Whereas, days to first flower initiation, days to 50% flowering and days to first boll development had negative and significant correlation with the seed cotton yield.

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Arnold, Michael A., et W. Edgar Davis. « 814 PB 225 ADAPTABILITY OF ELITE SYCAMORE AND SWEETGUM PROVENANCES TO FIELD NURSERY PRODUCTION AND ESTABLISHMENT FOLLOWING BARE-ROOT TRANSPLANTING ». HortScience 29, n^o 5 (mai 1994) : 550a—550. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.550a.

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Growth and post-transplant establishment of half-sib seedlings from two elite sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) mother trees (Westvaco Corp.) and seedlings from a bulk seed lot from elite sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) trees (Scott Paper Co.) were compared to that of seedlings from a native (Cookeville, TN) sycamore tree and a commercial source of sweetgum seeds. Seedlings were grown under standard field nursery conditions for two years, dug hare-root in autumn, and transplanted to another site to simulate landscape planting. Growth of elite seedlings during production was increased by 11 to 22% in height and 10 to 118 in caliper compared to that of conventional seed sources. Growth differences were maintained following transplanting. The primary lateral root number at transplanting was increased by 2 to 3 on elite sycamore seedlings compared to conventional seedlings. The number of pruning cuts required to eliminate multiple leaders tended to be less for elite seed sources. Survival did not differ among seed sources within a species.

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Monk, S., D. J. Moot, B. Belgrave, M. P. Rolston et J. R. Caradus. « Availability of seed for hill country adapted forage legumes ». NZGA : Research and Practice Series 16 (1 janvier 2016) : 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.16.2016.3237.

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New Zealand hill and high country are marginal environments for perennial ryegrass and white clover. Other pasture species, particularly legumes, provide more productive and persistent options for the range of soil climate and topography found in these environments. On cultivatable hill country, lucerne (alfalfa) has been successfully introduced to dryland areas with imported seed increasing five-fold to 210 t per annum over the last decade. This has led to the first release of a New Zealand selected cultivar in 20 years. For subterranean clover reliance on hardseeded Australian cultivars that frequently fail to meet New Zealand biosecurity standards means seed supply is inconsistent. The potential exists to create a niche seed market through selection of locally adapted material grown for seed in New Zealand. Lotus pedunculatus is available commercially but seed often fails to meet certification standards and is predominantly used in forestry. Lotus corniculatus requires agronomic research to overcome some management constraints and the re-establishment of seed supply before it would be a viable option for drier hill country. Seed production for perennial lupins in New Zealand is predominantly for an export ornamental market, with some direct relationships with growers allowing onfarm use. Caucasian clover seed production has ceased in New Zealand and the demand for seed particularly from high country farmers is no longer met. The smallseeded annual balansa clover is being integrated into farm systems and its prolific seeding has enabled some on-farm production of seed for personal use. For it and arrowleaf and Persian clovers, imported cultivars are available and a local market is unlikely to thrive until agronomic and hard seed issues are addressed. Seed supply of forage legumes to satisfy demand for hill country is problematic and will require development of different models including grower co-ops, regional seed retailers, and on-farm production for niche markets. Keywords: alfalfa, Lolium perenne, Lupinus polyphyllus, Medicago sativa, perennial ryegrass, Sitona lepidus, Trifolium ambiguum, Trifolium michelianum, Trifolium repens, Trifolium resupinatum, Trifolium subterraneum, Trifolium tumens, Trifolium vesiculosum, white clover

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G, KUPPUSWAMY, LAKSHMANAN AR et JEYABAL A. « EFFECT OF SEED PELLETING WITH BIODIGESTED SLURRY AND MACRO NUTRIENTS ON RICE FALLOW GREEN GRAM cv. CO-2 ». Madras Agricultural Journal 79, April (1992) : 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01749.

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A field investigation was carried out at Annamalai University Experimental Farm, Annamalai Nagar during January to March 1989 to study the effect of seed pelleting with biodigested slurry and inorganic nutrients on rice fallow green gram cv. Co-2. Biogas fresh slurry at 10, 25 and 50 per cent (w/w of seed) was used as seed pelleting medium with or without DAP 5 per cent and muriate of potash (MOP) 5 per cent. Slurry at all three concentrations influenced favourably the grain yields. Slurry at 50 per cent with 15 per cent DAP gave increased grain yield of 589 kg ha -1 over unpelleted seeds. The yield increase was marginal with respect to potash treatments.

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Bati, Beriso. « Analysis of Potato Seed Supply System in the Potato-Dominated Smallholder Farming System in West Arsi Zone, Oromia National Regional State ». Journal of Food Industry 7, n^o 1 (5 avril 2023) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jfi.v7i1.20875.

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In Ethiopia, lower productivity of potato production has been one of the significant contributors to food insecurity. Considerable efforts have been made by the government, NGOs and researchers in generating, introducing and disseminating appropriate potato technologies to boost the production and productivity of potato. The objective of this study was to identify the status and performance of potato seed supply and factors that determine potato seed supply system in West Arsi zone. A multi-stage random sampling procedure was used to select 120 sample potato producers and 21 traders using probability proportional to size. Descriptive statistics and econometric model were used to analyze data. In West Arsi zone, informal, and alternative potato seed systems co-exist which accounts for 83.71 and16.29%, respectively. Access to market information and credit service plays an important role in accessing of improved potato seed supply system by smallholders’ farmers. Therefore, any interventions that make farmers access to above mentioned service of the households have better enhances farmer’s access to potato seed in the area. Farm income effect farmer’s access to potato seed supply system. Therefore, household farm income should be increased to enhance access of potato seed supply systems. Meanwhile land allocated for potato production and potato yield obtained have a positive effect on farmers access to potato seed supply system. Therefore, land allocated for potato production should be increased by using rent-in and shared-in land to enhance access of potato seed supply systems and potato yield have to be increased by using different agricultural technologies.

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Webb, D. R., C. J. Eckenrode, M. L. Hessney et A. G. Taylor. « Seed Maggot Control, 1992 ». Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, n^o 1 (1 janvier 1993) : 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.83a.

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Abstract A hand-pushed ‘V’ belt seeder was used to plant 100 seeds in each treatment row at the Fruit and Vegetable Research Farm near Geneva, N.Y. A 2-4 inch band of meat and bone meal was placed over each row to increase seed maggot oviposition. This bait, when placed in the seed furrow, has reduced stands in bean plantings by up to 50%, so care was taken to avoid mixing with the seed. Each plot consisted of single-row treatments (15 ft), 3 ft apart in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Seeds were treated using conventional slurry methods on 1 Jul, or film coatings on 30 Jun; plots were planted 2 Jul; and damage counts were made 16 Jul. The film coatings were applied by A.G. Taylor (Dept. of Hort. Science, NYS Agric. Expt. Sta., Geneva. N.Y.) by suspending Trigard 75 WP and Captan (2.5 oz form/seed cwt) in a 15% solution of Opadry F (Colorcon Co.) and then spraying the seeds with the suspension. Emerged seedlings in each row were counted and percent damage was calculated using no. damaged plants.

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Virani, Vivek Bharatbhai, Neeraj Kumar et B. M. Mote. « Evaluation of Thermal Indices in Relation to Phenology of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) under Different Growing Environments of Navsari Region of South Gujarat ». International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, n^o 8 (10 août 2022) : 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1108.018.

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A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2021-22 at Research farm of Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari to study the thermal indices for green gram cultivars. The thermal indices viz., growing degree day (GDD), photothermal unit (PTU), heliothermal unit (HTU), photothermal index (PTI) and thermal use efficiencies were worked out concerning green gram phenology under the different environments condition. The result revealed that the high units of thermal indices viz., GDD, HTU, PTU, and PTI were observed in cv. GBM-1 followed by cv. CO-4 under the third sowing date. The HUE was reported higher in cv. CO-4 (1.212 kg ha-1 ℃ day-1) followed by cv. GM-7 (1.040 kg ha-1 ℃ day-1) under the third sowing date. The correlation between thermal indices viz., GDD, HTU, PTU, and harvest days and seed yield were founded significant which means the temperature and sunshine hours significantly influenced the seed yield and duration of phenophases.

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Khan, MH, SR Bhuiyan et F. Mahmud. « Character association and path co-efficient analysis in Brassica rapa L. » Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 38, n^o 4 (24 mai 2014) : 599–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.18945.

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The experiment was carried out with 32 genotypes of Brassica rapa including two commercially cultivated varieties as checks to study their mean, range, cv (%) correlation co-efficient, and path co-efficient considering 10 different morphological characters at the experimental farm of SAU, Dhaka during November 2009 to February 2010. Significant variation was observed among all the genotypes for all the characters studied except 1000-seed weight. In general, genotypic correlations were higher than the phenotypic correlations. It indicates that there was an inherent association among them which was adversely influenced by the environment. Days to flowering showed positive significant correlation with days to maturity. Plant height showed positive significant correlation with number of primary branches/plant. Number of primary branches/plant showed positive significant correlation with siliquae/plant. Length of siliquae showed positive significant correlation with seeds/siliquae. Number of secondary branches, number of siliquae/plant, days to maturity, seeds/siliquae, and 1000-seed weight showed positive significant association with yield/plant. Path analysis showed that number of primary branches/plant, number of siliquae/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, and number of seeds/siliquae had direct effect on seed yield/plant. Considering analytical findings of correlation co-efficient, path co-efficient analysis and field performance, the genotypes G-15, G-19, G-1, G-3, G-4, G-10, G-18 G-21, and G-24 would be suitable for future hybridization programme. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.18945 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(4): 599-612, December 2013

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Rahman, Masuma, Ahasanul Hoque, Md Amir Hossain et Md Abdullah Al Bari. « Variability and Traits Association Analyses in Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes ». Agriculturists 15, n^o 2 (26 janvier 2018) : 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v15i2.35473.

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An experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh with fifteen maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes to assess the genetic variability, characters association and divergence among the genotypes for yield and yield attributing traits. The experiment was conducted during November 2015 to May 2016, following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates in two adjacent environments to discern the performance of the genotypes in interacting environments. No significant variation was observed for environments, which was perhaps due to their close proximity. The genotypes differed significantly for most of the studied traits. The phenotypic co-efficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV) for all the evaluated traits. High heritability along with high genetic advance was observed for 1000 seed weight, seed numbers ear-1 and yield plant-1. Yield plant-1 was significantly associated with plant height, ear length, ear girth, husk girth, kernel length, 1000 seed weight, kernel numbers row-1, seed numbers ear-1 in positive direction and negatively associated with days to anthesis and moisture loss (%). Path co-efficient analysis revealed that the maximum positive direct contribution towards yield was through 1000 seed weight, seed number ear-1 and kernel length whereas plant height, ear girth, ear length, kernel numbers row-1 showed negative direct contribution towards yield due to negative indirect effects of several parameters. Cluster analysis exhibited five distinct groups. Considering mean values Cluster II provided the best result in terms of yield and earliness, followed by Cluster IV and V. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that first five components accounted for 82.7% of total variation. The findings indicate the presence of ample genetic diversity among maize genotypes which can be exploited in future breeding program for better utilization of maize germplasm.The Agriculturists 2017; 15(2) 101-114

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Balachandra, Y., M. Chandini Patnaik, G. Padmaja, G. E. CH Vidya Sagar et S. Biswabara. « Performance of castor in heavy metal polluted soils under the treatment of various decontaminants ». Environment Conservation Journal 24, n^o 2 (7 mars 2023) : 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.10872264.

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In order to find out the performance of castor under decontaminant treated heavy metal polluted soils, an experiment was conducted at Students Farm, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, during kharif 2016 to study the performance of castor in heavy metal polluted soil under the treatments of various decontaminants (various dosages of phosphorus as well as, quick lime). The dry matter before flowering, and stalk yield at harvest of castor varied from 429 to 516, 1460 to 1758 kg/ha, respectively. Among the different decontaminants highest dry matter yield and stalk yield (516 and 1758 kg/ha at before flowering and harvest) and seed yield (1720 kg/ha) was obtained in T5 (RDF+CaO @ 2 t/ha), which was significantly superior over all other treatments and on par with T4 (RDF+CaO @ 1 t/ha), and per cent increase over RDF was 20.41 and 23.56, respectively for stalk, and seed yield of castor. Decontamination treatments had reduced the mean Pb, Cd, Ni and Co contents of castor to 4.51, 0.65, 0.95 and 0.63 mg/kg, and increased mean uptake to 7.62, 1.17, 1.69 and1.09 g/ha respectively, for Pb, Cd, Ni and Co in seed at harvest. The Pb, Cd, Ni and Co contents of soil after harvest of the castor crop ranged from 17.11, 0.79, 1.89 and 1.22 mg/kg in the reference control and decreased to 14.60, 0.68, 1.67 and1.02 with RDF+CaO @ 2 t/ha treatment. The reduction in Pb, Cd, Ni and Co concentration in post-harvest soil was more due to Cao at different levels when compared to high phosphorus.

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Bailoni, Lucia, Elisabetta Bacchin, Angela Trocino et Sheyla Arango. « Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Seed and Co-Products Inclusion in Diets for Dairy Ruminants : A Review ». Animals 11, n^o 3 (17 mars 2021) : 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030856.

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Recently, hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.) was rediscovery as a plant that offers a wide variety of applications (textile, pharmaceuticals, construction, etc.), including also the use in animal and human nutrition. The inclusion of whole seeds and co-products obtained by processing of seeds (cake, meal, and oil) in the diets of farm animals can allow the transfer of bioactive substances to human food. Few publications are available on the use of hemp in dairy ruminants but some authors reported a positive effect on the fatty acids profile of milk and cheese with an increase of n-3 fatty acids and c9,t11 conjugated linoleic acid. The protein content, amino acids profile, and rumen undegradable protein (RUP) of hempseed and co-products of hemp appear interesting and suitable for ruminant nutrition. Negative effects of anti-nutritional factors (i.e., phytate) are not observed. However, the researches on the effects of the use of hempseed and co-products in diets for dairy ruminants do not allow to suggest optimal levels of inclusion. In addition, no data are published on the use of whole or part of the hemp plant as forage, as another possibility to use the hemp in the perspective of the circular economy.

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Hoque, MZ, et ME Haque. « Socio-economic Factors Influencing Profitability of Rice Seed Production in Selected Areas of Bangladesh ». Agriculturists 12, n^o 1 (18 juillet 2014) : 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i1.19578.

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Seed is the foundation of agriculture for enhancing crop production. The economic benefits from the improved quality seed production help scaling up the livelihood standard as well as nutritional status of the common people. The study was carried out in three districts namely Jamalpur, Gazipur and Manikganj to identify the socio-economic dimensions of the government seed production project beneficiaries persuading profitability of rice seed production. Data were collected through intensive survey of randomly selected 211 sample respondents using pre-tested interview schedule. To examine the profitability of rice seed production, the gross margin and cost benefit analysis were carried out. Co-efficient of correlation and multiple stepwise regressions were employed to find out the determinants of profitability in rice seed production. Rice seed production was not found to be so profitable as investment in rice seed cultivation can produce average BCR of only up to 1.44, where highest BCR was found in Jamalpur (1.58) compared to Manikganj (1.48) and Gazipur (1.26). The results revealed that socio-economic factors have a profound influence on profitability of rice seed production as these factors combined explained 54.9 percent variation. Farm size, contact with information sources, knowledge on quality rice production and age of the respondents were identified as significant contributors in profitability of rice seed production, whereas contact with information sources was the single most influential factor (24.6%). Therefore, steps may be taken so that the seed-growers could directly be linked with more information sources dealing with seed production and marketing through the government initiatives to boost up the production as well as to ensure appropriate price of the farmers home grown seed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i1.19578 The Agriculturists 2014; 12(1) 33-40

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Thakur, Manisha, Ramesh Kumar et Sandeep Kumar. « Studies on genetic variability, correlation and path analysis in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under protected conditions ». Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2016) : 1924–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i4.1064.

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Twenty-eight genotypes of lettuce including check cultivars viz., Simpson Black Seeded and Great Lakes were grown in a RCBD with three replications during Rabi 2011-12 and 2012-13 at Vegetable Experimental Research Farm, Nauni, Solan H.P. to estimate the parameters of genetic variability, correlation and path analysis undernaturally ventilated polyhouse. Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among genotypes for all the characters under study. Variability revealed that phenotypic co-efficient of variation (PCV) in general were higher than the corresponding genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters. High co-efficient of variability were found for heading percentage (37.00% and 36.01%), incidence of sclerotinia rot (63.49% and 61.475%), gray mould (90.13% and 88.08%) and yield per plot (39.55% and 33.09%) indicated wider range of variation and offer better scope for improvement through selection. High heritability estimates coupled with moderate genetic gain were observed for yield and other horticultural traits. Correlation study indicated that yield per plot was positively correlated with gross and net head weight, seed germination, seed vigour index-I & II, 1000-seeds weight and also showed maximum direct effects towards yield per plot. The path co-efficient analysis revealed that net head weight has maximum positive direct effect on yield per plot followed by gross head weight, days to marketable maturity, seed germination, 1000-seeds weight, head shape index and incidence of sclerotinia rot. While, negative direct effect of number of non-wrapper leaves and incidence of gray mould was observed on yield. The new multicoloured cultivars indigenous and exotic mostly procured from CGN, Netherlands , identified for commercial cultivation under protected conditions in the mid hills of North Western Himalayas, may act as a substitute to the old cultivars with good quality and higher yielding potential.

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Senthamizhkumaran, V. R., P. Santhy, D. Selvi, N. Maragatham, T. Kalaiselvi et K. G. Sabarinathan. « Effect of organic and inorganic nutrients on rice (Oryza sativa var. CO 51) productivity and soil fertility in the Western zone of Tamil Nadu, India ». Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, n^o 4 (16 décembre 2021) : 1488–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i4.3118.

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In sustainable agriculture, to ensure high-quality food production, a combination of organic and inorganic nutrient sources are required. During the winter season of 2020, a field experiment was undertaken in the western zone of Tamil Nadu to assess the effects of organics and inorganics on the growth, yield, and soil properties of rice, Oryza sativa var. CO 51. The experiment was framed in Random Block Design (RBD) comprising of 8 treatments viz., Recommended dose of fertilizer Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) approach (T1), RDF 75 % + Farm yard manure @ 12.5 t ha-1 (T2), T2 + Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T3), RDF 75 % + Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1 (T4), T4 + Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T5), FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1 + Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T6), Vermicompost @ 5 t ha-1+ Seed treatment with Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria + Soil application of AM fungi (T7) and absolute control (T8) , replicated thrice. Among the integrated nutrient management practices, T5 proved its superiority over other treatments with respect to growth and physiological parameters followed by T3. This would have been because of the solubilization of phosphorus in the soil by AM organisms which is made accessible for crop growth. Utilization of biofertilizer enhanced the N availability and solubilized the inaccessible phosphorus, which thus recorded higher N accessibility and better phosphorus uptake when applied along with a recommended dose of fertilizer for rice.

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Roberts, P. M., J. N. All et B. H. Tanner. « Chemical Control of Tobacco Thrips in Cotton, 1991 ». Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 17, n^o 1 (1 janvier 1992) : 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/17.1.240.

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Abstract Cotton was planted on 15 May at the University of Georgia Plant Sciences Farm, Oconee Co. Soil type was a Cecil coarse sandy loam. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4-row plots × 25 ft long × 38 inch row width with 3 ft alleys and 4 replicates. Planting time treatments were applied above the seed in the seed furrow. Post planting time treatments were applied with a full cone sprayer using a CO2 pressure sprayer at 30 psi with a final volume of 25 gal/acre. Plants were sprayed from above 7 and 14 d after cracking (24 and 31 May). Thrips infestations were sampled on 31 May and 7 Jun by randomly selecting 10 plants in each plot and immersing them in 70% ethanol. Scheduled insecticide applications for boUworm control were made according to threshold requirements throughout the season. Sprays were applied uniformly over all treatments. The center 2 rows of each plot were harvested on 13 Nov.

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Khan, MH, SR Bhuiyan, MH Rashid, S. Ghosh et SK Paul. « Variability and heritability analysis in short duration and high yielding Brassica rapa L. » Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 38, n^o 4 (31 mai 2014) : 647–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.19020.

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The experiment was carried out with 32 genotypes of Brassica rapa including two commercially cultivated varieties as checks to study their inter-genotypic variability, heritability, GCV, PCV, genetic advance, and CV percent considering 10 morphological characters at the experimental farm of SAU, Dhaka during November 2009 to February 2010. Significant variation was observed among the genotypes for all the characters studied except thousand seed weight. High GCV and PCV values were observed for number of secondary branches/plant. High heritability values along with low genetic advance in percentage of mean were obtained for 1000-seed weight, number of secondary branches/plant, seeds/siliquae, and siliquae length. Highly significant positive association of seed yield per plant was observed with number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant and number of siliquae/plant. Considering variability among the genotypes, heritability, genetic advance, percent co-efficient of variance, and field performances, the genotypes G-15, G-19, G-1, G-3, G-4, G-10, G-18, G21, and G-24 were found suitable for future breeding programme. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i4.19020 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(4): 647-657, December 2013

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Knight, J. D. « Frequency of field pea in rotations impacts biological nitrogen fixation ». Canadian Journal of Plant Science 92, n^o 6 (novembre 2012) : 1005–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-274.

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Knight, J. D. 2012. Frequency of field pea in rotations impacts biological nitrogen fixation. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1005–1011. Economic, environmental and energy concerns about the use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in crop production have prompted the examination of increasing the frequency of pulses in crop rotations to capitalize on biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Plots from a field experiment established in 1998 at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Farm at Scott, SK, were sampled in 2008, 2009 and 2010. Rotations that included pea every year (continuous pea), every second year (pea-wheat), every third year (pea-canola-wheat) and every fourth year (canola-wheat-pea-wheat) were evaluated for BNF using the enriched15N isotope dilution technique. Nitrogen from BNF in the seed and straw, total above-ground N, seed and straw yield and soil available N and P were evaluated. In 2 of 3 yr, the highest BNF occurred in the two most diverse rotations. Continuous cropping of pea resulted in drastically low BNF in 2008 and 2009. Nitrogen derived from atmosphere in the continuous pea was 15% compared with an average of approximately 55% across all other rotations in these 2 yr. The reduction in BNF was not due to lower productivity in the continuous pea rotation, nor from higher initial soil inorganic N levels inhibiting BNF. In the third year of the study (2010), the more than double the normal precipitation received during the growing season stimulated BNF in pea in the continuous pea rotation. Determining whether the rotation effects on BNF are due to N mineralization of the previous years’ crop residues requires further investigation.

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Zulauf, Carl R., et Kevin F. King. « Farm operators who sell crop production inputs : The case of Ohio farmers who sell seed ». Agribusiness 1, n^o 2 (1985) : 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6297(198522)1:2<193 ::aid-agr2720010208>3.0.co;2-q.

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RAM NARAYAN SINGH, JOYDEEP MUKHERJEE, V. K. SEHGAL, ARTI BHATIA, P. KRISHNAN, DEB KUMAR DAS, VINOD KUMAR et RAMESH HARIT. « Effect of elevated ozone, carbon dioxide and their interaction on growth, biomass and water use efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) ». Journal of Agrometeorology 19, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2017) : 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v19i4.595.

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Global climate change has a major impact on growth and sustainability of agro-ecosystem. Keeping in view the importance of rising O3 and CO2 concentration in atmosphere, a field experiment was conducted on chickpea (variety: Pusa 5023) in the experimental farm in Free Air Ozone and Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FAOCE) facility at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi underfour ozone and carbon dioxide treatments (ECO: elevated CO 2 (550±10 ppm) +elevated O3 (70 ±10 ppb); EC: elevated CO 2 (550±10 ppm ppm) + ambient O3 (30±10 ppb); EO: elevated O3 (70±10 ppb)+ ambient CO 2 (400±10 ppm) and AMB; ambient CO 2 (400±10 ppm)+ ambient O3 (30± 10 ppb) during rabi season of 2016-17. The results revealed that the plant height, above ground biomass, CGR and RGR and seed yield of chickpea was significantly highest in elevated CO2 (EC) treatment followed by ECO treatment and lowest in elevated O3 (EO) treatment. Elevated ozone had negative impact whereas elevated carbon dioxide had positive impact on growth, biomass and WUE of chickpea and when both are combined the negative impact of elevated ozone were counteracted by elevated carbon dioxide.

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Lupien, Shari L., Barbara C. Hellier, Frank M. Dugan, Linnea G. Skoglund et Karen F. Ward. « White Rot of Garlic and Onion (Causal Agent, Sclerotium cepivorum) : A Status Report from the Pacific Northwest ». Plant Health Progress 14, n^o 1 (janvier 2013) : 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2013-0619-01-rv.

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There is evidence from literature, state department of agriculture documents, and recent diagnoses that Sclerotium cepivorum, causal agent of white rot of garlic and onion, is spreading and/or becoming more established in the Pacific Northwest. Previously documented distributions are summarized and the fungus is reported for the first time from Latah Co., ID; Pend Oreille Co., WA; and Lake, Sanders, and Missoula counties, MT. Although known from a tightly quarantined prior occurrence in the Idaho portion of Treasure Valley (southwest Idaho), the pathogen has not been formally reported from that state nor from the state of Montana. Latah Co. has commercial production of seed garlic and borders adjacent Whitman Co., WA, where the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) maintains North America's largest non-commercial collection of garlic and wild/ornamental onion. Strict phytosanitary protocols have been implemented on the NPGS farm. Various areas within the Pacific Northwest have long been important for commercial Allium production, and a list of state departments of agriculture regulations addressing white rot is presented for Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Accepted for publication 18 February 2013. Published 19 June 2013.

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Bowman, James S. « Armyworm Control on Field Corn, 1986 ». Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 12, n^o 1 (1 janvier 1987) : 182–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/12.1.182.

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Abstract This study was conducted on a commercial field on the Harry Bodwell farm in Kensington (Rockingham Co.), NH. 'Cornell 281' seed was no-till planted on 1 Jun into an area that had previously been a mixed hay field. On 3 Jun, 'Cornell 281' seed that had been treated with a combination of Magnum 90ST and Escort I was hand-planted 9 inches (measured) apart within the same rows along with the machine-planted corn. As soon as the earlier machine-planted corn began to emerge, it was removed from the row. An extra check plot was included to accommodate this treatment. The plots consisted of 2 30 ft long rows and each treatment was replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. On 8 Jul the block was in whorl stage and an average of 19% of the corn plants were injured by armyworms. Spray treatments were applied using a COs pressurized (35 psi) single flat fan nozzle hand held sprayer that delivered 12.8 gal/acre directed into the whorls. At 8 days after the spray applications and 43 days after planting the seed treatment, the number of injured plants was determined and compared to a similar reading made the day sprays were applied 8 days earlier. The injured plants were dissected and the number of live armyworm larvae recorded.

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HARPREET KAUR VIRK, GURIQBAL SINGH, NAVNEET AGGARWAL et POONAM SHARMA. « Growth, nodulation and productivity of rainfed soybean (Glycine max) as influenced by mulching and anti-transpirants ». Indian Journal of Agronomy 64, n^o 4 (10 octobre 2001) : 506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v64i4.5300.

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A field experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons (kharif) of 2012, 2013 and 2014 at the research farm of the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, to study the effect of straw mulching and anti- transpirants on growth, nodulation and productivity of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized complete, block design with 3 replications. The treatments included 2 mulching lev- els [wheat straw mulch @ 5 t/ha after sowing and control (no mulch)] and 5 anti-transpirants [5% magnesium carbonate (MgCO ), 5% glycerol, 5% sodium carbonate (Na CO ) in 2012 and during 2013 and 2014 sodium carbon- 3 2 3 ate was 2%, potassium nitrate (KNO ) 1% and control] during all the 3 years. Application of straw mulch @ 5 t/ha 3 after sowing recorded the highest dry matter/plant, nodulation, plant height, pods/plant, straw yield and seed yield of soybean. Straw mulch recorded 17.6% higher seed yield and 22.6% higher rainfall use efficiency over no mulch. Straw mulching resulted in significantly higher gross ( 8,037) and net returns (3,037) as compared to the control (no mulch). Application of anti-transpirants had no significant effect on nodulation and seed yield of soy- bean. Application of potassium nitrate provided higher gross returns, net returns and benefit : cost ratio than the other anti-transpirants. However, use of anti-transpirants was not economical over the control. It is con- cluded that application of straw mulch @ 5 t/ha after sowing provides higher seed yield of soybean over no mulch.

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Umar, I. S., Mohammed, U., Mohammed, Y., Abdullahi, A. et Abubakar, U. « INFLUENCE OF IMPROVED OPEN POLLINATED MAIZE VARIETY ADOPTION ON LIVELIHOOD STATUS OF FARMERS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA ». Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development 4, n^o 1 (1 mars 2021) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.59331/jasd.v4i1.180.

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The study examined influence of improved open pollinated maize variety adoption on the livelihood status of farmers in Niger State, Nigeria. To achieve the objectives of the study, 120 farmers were randomly selected from three (3) Local Government Areas in the State. Validated interview schedule with reliability co-efficient of 0.74 was used for data collection and analyzed using descriptive statistics, livelihood index and multiple regression analysis. Result showed that the mean age and mean farm size of the respondents was 34 years and 1.9 ha, respectively. Finding further indicated that 82.5% of the respondents were full adopters by cultivating improved maize variety in at least 10% of their total farm lands. The result also revealed that educational level, income, incentive and time of awareness positively and significantly influenced adoption of improved maize variety, which highly upshot the livelihood status of the respondents by about 70.0%. The study recommended that incentive such as free seed of improved varieties should be given to farmers for testing by the improved varieties’ promoters during awareness to facilitate adoption. It was also suggested that extension agents should synchronize awareness time with seasons of usage of the improved varieties to speed up the practical application of the improved varieties.

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Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir, Rana Zain Raza, Mohsin Zafar, Omar M. Ali, Raees Ahmed, Junaid Rahim, Raina Ijaz, Zahoor Ahmad et Brandon J. Bethune. « Integrated Fertilizers Synergistically Bolster Temperate Soybean Growth, Yield, and Oil Content ». Sustainability 14, n^o 4 (20 février 2022) : 2433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042433.

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For ensuring food security and imparting sustainability to modern commercial-oriented and highly intensive temperate farming systems, organic wastes from poultry and dairy industries constitute biologically viable strategy to improve crops productivity under changing climate. A field trial was undertaken to appraise the impact of broiler litter (BL = 5 tons ha−1), farm yard slurry (FYS = 10 tons ha−1), and chemical fertilizers including di-ammonium phosphate (DAP = 60 kg ha−1) and single super phosphate (SSP = 60 kg ha−1) applied solely and in conjunction with each other, along with a control treatment (NM). The synergistic fertilization regime encompassing BL+DAP triggered the vegetative growth of soybean as indicated by taller plants having thicker stems and higher leaf area per plant compared to NM. In addition, this fertilization management system improved reproductive yield attributes including pods number and 100-seeds weight which maximized the seed yield, harvest index, seed oil content, and biological yield by 66%, 5%, 31%, and 23% respectively than NM. Moreover, this fertilizers combination was followed by SSP + BL, while BL performed better than FYS and DAP remained superior to SSP. Furthermore, the correlation analyses indicated moderately stronger direct association of seed yield with vegetative growth traits and highly stronger linear relationship with reproductive yield attributes. Thus, co-application of broiler litter (5 tons ha−1) with reduced doses of DAP (60 kg ha−1) might be recommended to temperate soybean growers having access to poultry wastes.

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Devkota, P., et S. Mishra. « Comparative Study of Vegetable Biodiversity in Terai and Hilly Belts of Chitwan, Nepal ». Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 19, n^o 1 (28 juin 2020) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v19i1.29731.

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The study was conducted to assess biodiversity and conservation aspects of vegetable crops in two different geographical areas of the Chitwan district. The household survey was carried out in Kailash (hill) and Nayabasti (terai) of Chitwan. Descriptive analysis, mean comparison, correlations, and biodiversity indices were used for data analysis. On the basis of biodiversity index, evenness, the adequate number of species, and Sorenson’s coefficient, open-pollinated (OP) (nonhybrid) vegetables were more diverse in hills than in terai, while hybrid vegetables are more diverse in terai than in hills. Hybrid vegetables were mostly grown in terai, where the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides was also higher. OP vegetables dominated hilly areas. Gurung ethnic community had a significant role in the conservation of indigenous vegetable biodiversity. The primary source of seed was home storage in the case of OP vegetables in hills. However, in terai, agro-concerns were used as a significant source of seeds, followed by co-operatives. Co-operatives’ involvement was high in terai as compared to hills, but the role was not significant in vegetable farming. In contrast, assistance in vegetable farming from agriculture service provider organizations was higher in hills as compared to terai. The major problem in vegetable farming was lack of irrigation in both areas, followed by market inaccessibility in hills, whereas climate change was rising as a problem in terai. Markets of produced goods were farm gate, local markets, and distant markets. A middleman mostly did the price determination of the products. Off-season vegetable farming was not practiced in the study areas. However, off-farm vegetable production was typical in hilly areas. Indigenous and OP vegetable biodiversity has been facing various challenges despite their roles in nutrition, indigenous knowledge promotion, and food security. Hence, it is suggested to strengthen government policy toward irrigation facility development, gene bank establishment, marketing facilities, and technology transfer and develop on-farm community based intense organizations for sustainable vegetable diversity conservation.

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Sanjivkumar, V., K. Baskar, S. Manoharan, M. Manikandan, A. Solaimalai et G. Ravindrachary. « Performance of sunflower hybrids in rainfed vertisols situation under southern agro climatic zones of Tamil Nadu ». INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 19, n^o 1 (15 janvier 2023) : 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/19.1/218-222.

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A field study was carried out to evaluate the yield potential of 10 sunflower hybrids under rainfed vertisols condition at Black Soil Farm, Agricultural Research Station, Kovilpatti, Tamil Nadu during Rabi Season of 2016 -18. The hybrids such as Krishian, Arathana, Ganga GK 2002, Suvathi, Sun bread 293, Sun bread 275, Arunodhaya, Sunny, Modern were compared with variety CO 2. Among the hybrids significantly higher plant height was recorded in CO 2 (123.7and 113.0 cm) and the lowest in sunny (91.1and 71.7 cm). However, maximum capitulum diameter was observed in Sunny (19.4 and 15.9 cm) and minimum in Sun bread 293 (11.3 and 11.1 cm). The early maturing varieties were modern (90 and 75 days). Among the hybrids significantly higher seed yield was observed in Suvathi (1157 and 979 kg/ha), Sun bread 275 (1174 and 1105 kg/ha) and Sunny (1235 and 1236 kg/ha) over variety CO2 (763 and 514 kg/ha). The highest oil content was in Sunny (37.3 and 37.6 %) followed by Krishna (35.6 and 35.4%) and Ganga GK 2002(35.5 and 35.4 %). However, the maximum oil yield was recorded in Sunny (461 and 465 kg/ha) over other hybrids.

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Desai, H. K., K. A. Thakkar et J. D. Desai. « MOTIVATIONAL FACTOR AND CONSTRAINTS IN ADOPTION OF POTATO CUTIVATION TECHOLOGY BY POTATO GROWERS UNDER CONTRACT FARMING ». Gujarat Journal of Extension Education 36, n^o 1 (25 décembre 2023) : 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.56572/gjoee.2023.36.1.0026.

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Most of the farm operators being small and marginal farmers in India, there are problems in getting quality raw material for processing, marketing, and distribution, especially in perishable high value crops but contract farming which was restricted, largely, to seed production earlier, spread to perishable produce and has now become the dominant and growing mode of raw material production and procurement co-ordination among the processors and fresh produce market and exporters. Potato is very important perishable high value crop in North Gujarat Agro-climatic zone of Gujarat state with the cultivating area of 97,204 hector in six districts of North Gujarat (Anon.2014-15). Therefore, the present investigation was conducted in the North Gujarat Agro climatic Zone of Gujarat state. Two districts viz., Banaskantha and Sabarkantha occupy the highest area under potato cultivation in North Gujarat and hence, were selected purposively for study. Ten potato growers were randomly selected from twenty villages. In all, 200 contracting potato growers were selected for the study. Important motivated factors farmers toward contract farming were; assured price, price stability, no tension of marketing, technical advice to control pests and diseases, no cash payment for seed. Majority (78.00%) of the potato growers had medium to high level of adoption regarding potato cultivation technology. Major constraints faced by potato growers in adoption of potato cultivation technology under contract farming were; high rejection rate, low contract price, high cost of inputs given by contracting company, poor quality seed supply by company and manipulation of norms by firm. Important suggestions expressed by the potato growers were; provision of supportive price, quality seed to be provided by company, government intervention for making strict laws to make legal contracts and technical advice to control pests and diseases.

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Jat, Mangi Lal, et D. K. Jaiswal. « Relationship between independent variables of wheat growers and technological gap among different categories of farmers in Malwa region Madhya Pradesh ». INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 18, n^o 1 (15 janvier 2022) : 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/18.1/122-127.

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Wheat is a grass that is commonly farmed for its seed, a cereal grain that is a staple diet all over the world. The genus Triticum has several wheat species, the most frequently grown of which being common wheat (T. aestivum). The wheat kernel is a caryopsis, which is a sort of fruit. Despite the fact that wheat has been grown in northern India for a long time, many farmers are unfamiliar with wheat and its new varieties’ production procedures. The present study was conducted to know there lationship between profile of wheat growers and technological gap among different categories of farmers in Malwa region (M.P.).324 wheat growers, 9 farmers (3 big, 3 medium and 3 small farmers) were selected randomly from each (thirty-six) selected village of nine blocks of Hosangabad, Hadra and Sehore districts.The correlation co-efficient between age, knowledge found to have negative non-significant and education, social participation found to have positive and significant with technological gap among different categories of farmers. The correlation co-efficient between area under wheat crop, extension contact, material possession, farm power, economic motivation, scientific orientation, adoption level had positive and significant relation with technological gap among different categories of farmers. The correlation co-efficient between risk preference and technological gap had negative and significant relation.

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Alemayehu, Samuel, Fetien Abay Abera, Kiros-Meles Ayimut, Jagger Harvey, Rizana Mahroof, Bhadriraju Subramanyam, Jonathan Ulmer et Richard Edema. « Occurrence and Levels of Mycotoxins in On-Farm-Stored Sesame in Major Growing Districts of Ethiopia ». Agriculture 14, n^o 3 (25 février 2024) : 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14030372.

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Mycotoxins in sesame seeds pose a significant risk to both food safety and Ethiopia’s economy. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence and concentrations of mycotoxins in sesame seeds kept on farms in Ethiopia’s key sesame-producing areas. Purposive sampling was used to obtain 470 sesame seed samples from farmers′ storage facilities in five important districts. Total aflatoxin (AFT), ochratoxin A (OTA), total fumonisin (FUM), and deoxynivalenol (DON) were identified using both a lateral flow reader and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The analysis revealed that all samples contained mycotoxins to varying degrees, with AFT and DON being particularly common. AFT levels varied between 2.5 and 27.8 parts per billion (μg/kg), averaging 13.8 μg/kg, while OTA concentrations were between 5.0 and 9.7 μg/kg, averaging 7.1 μg/kg. Total fumonisin levels spanned from 300 to 1300 μg/kg, averaging 800 μg/kg. DON was found in the range of 560 to 700 μg/kg. Notably, 96.8% of the samples fell within the safe range for AFT, FUM, and DON mean levels as defined by the Federal Drug Administration’s maximum limits. The co-occurrence rates of AFT-OTA, DON-OTA, AFT-FUM, FUM-DON, and FUM-OTA were observed at 44.0%, 38.3%, 33.8%, 30.2%, 29.8%, and 26.0%, respectively. Around 37.2% of the samples showed signs of fungal infection, and seed germination rates varied between 66.8% and 91.1%. The Limmu district exhibited higher total aflatoxin levels, greater kernel infection, and reduced germination rates compared to other districts. The Wollega sesame variety was more susceptible to kernel infection, had higher total aflatoxin levels, and lower germination rates compared to other varieties. Additionally, the age of the grain significantly affected (p < 0.05) both kernel infection and germination. Current storage practices in Ethiopia’s primarily sesame-growing districts are conducive to the growth of mycotoxin-producing fungi. Given the public health implications of mycotoxin levels in sesame, it is imperative for stakeholders to collaborate in identifying and implementing secure and effective storage solutions to preserve both the quantity and quality of sesame at the smallholder farmer level. This study underscores the necessity for improved storage technologies to safeguard sesame quality and diminish the risk of mycotoxin contamination.

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Smith, Elwin G., H. H. Janzen et Nathaniel K. Newlands. « Energy balances of biodiesel production from soybean and canola in Canada ». Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, n^o 4 (1 octobre 2007) : 793–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps06067.

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Biodiesel is currently produced in Canada mostly from recycled oils and animal fats. If biodiesel is to supply 5% of diesel usage, a government objective, first-time vegetable, likely from canola and soybean, oil will also be required to provide adequate feedstocks. In this review, we estimate the life cycle energy balances for biodiesel produced from soybean and canola oil under Canadian conditions. The three broad areas of energy inputs were crop production, oil extraction, and transesterification of the vegetable oil into biodiesel. Per unit seed yield, farm production energy inputs for canola were about three times higher than for soybean, mostly because of higher nitrogen fertilizer requirements for canola. Energy required for processing and oil extraction, per unit oil, was higher for soybean. Energy allocation for co-products was allocated using a system expansion approach. Protein meal was assigned about 12% of the energy expended for canola to grow the crop and extract the oil, and about 37% for soybean. Glycerine produced during the transesterification process was allocated energy on a weight basis (11.4%). The ratio of biodiesel energy produced per energy input ranged from 2.08 t o 2.41. The energy ratio was similar for soybean and canola:soybean required less energy inputs, but also produced less oil than canola, for a given weight of seed. Key words: Biodiesel, energy, life cycle analysis, soybean, canola

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Sonaniya, Rahul, Rajani Bisen et Pallavi Sonaniya. « Assessment of Exotic Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Accessions through Principal Component Analysis ». International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, n^o 11 (7 octobre 2023) : 282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113170.

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The present research conducted over 96 exotic sesame accessions with five checks, to identify the minimum number of components, which could explain maximum variability out of the total variability using Principal Component Analysis (PCA); The investigation was performed under Project Co-ordinating Unit (Sesame and Niger) Research Farm, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) during kharif 2018 using Augmented block design. Among the studied traits, Component 1 had the contribution from the traits viz., number of primary branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, oil content and seed yield/plant, which accounted 30.71% to the total variability. Days to flower initiation and days to 50% flowering had contributed 17.11% to the total variability in component 2. The remaining variabilities of 11.26%, 9.94%, 7.48% and 6.73% were consolidated in PC3, PC4, PC5 and PC6 respectievely by various traits like number of secondary branches/plant, capsule length, days to maturity, thousand seed weight and plant height . The cumulative variance of 83.23% of total variation among 12 characters was explained by the first six axes. On the basis of PC scores PC1, PC3 and PC5 accounting mainly to yield and quality traits containing accesions viz., EC-334998, ES-38, EC-346426, EC-334958, EC-340538, RT-351 and GT-10 might be further utilized in breeding programme.

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Desai, H. K., K. A. Thakkar et J. D. Desai. « ADOPTION OF POTATO CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY BY THE POTATO GROWERS UNDER CONTRACT FARMING ». Gujarat Journal of Extension Education 33, n^o 1 (25 juin 2022) : 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56572/gjoee.2022.33.1.0007.

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Most of the farm operators being small and marginal farmers in India, there are problems in getting quality raw material for processing, marketing, and distribution, especially in perishable high value crops but contract farming which was restricted, largely, to seed production earlier, spread to perishable produce and has now become the dominant and growing mode of raw material production and procurement co-ordination among the processors and fresh produce market and exporters. Potato is very important perishable high value crop in North Gujarat Agro-climatic zone of Gujarat state with the cultivating area of 97,204 hector in six districts of North Gujarat (Anon.2014-15). Therefore, the present investigation was conducted in the North Gujarat Agro climatic Zone of Gujarat state. Two districts viz., Banaskantha and Sabarkantha occupy the highest area under potato cultivation in North Gujarat and hence, were selected purposively for study. Ten potato growers were randomly selected from twenty villages. In all, 200 contracting potato growers were selected for the study. Important motivated factors farmers toward contract farming were; assured price, price stability, no tension of marketing, technical advice to control pests and diseases, no cash payment for seed. Majority (78.00%) of the potato growers had medium to high level of adoption regarding potato cultivation technology. With respect to practice wise adoption, maximum farmers adopted the practices viz., improved varieties, plant protection, irrigation, seed treatment, fertilizers management and land preparation in case of potato cultivation. The independent variables viz., education, mass media exposure and level of knowledge, age, land holding, occupation, annual income, cropping sequence, and risk orientation had positive and significant correlation with the adoption of potato cultivation technology by the potato growers.

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El-Badry, Ola Z., et El-Sayed M. Gheith. « Growth and productivity of Barley (Hordium vulgare L) as affected by sowing methods and nitrogen fertilizer levels ». International Journal of Agricultural Invention 3, n^o 02 (27 novembre 2018) : 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.2.

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A field experiment was carried out during the early summer seasons of 2018, at Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a high value spice crop of high medicinal and economic concern (HVAP, 2011). It has been using in Ayurveda and medicinal propose from centuries which helps to boost up digestive system, circulatory system, nervous system and immune system (Gunnar, 2018). 60 household respondents were selected using simple random technique without replacement from Beriganga Municipality, Barahataal Village Municipality and Chaukune village Municipality. 4 co-operatives were selected from each level randomly and 5 respondent from each co-operatives, i.e. 20 respondents from each local level. 3 spice industries and 7 traders were selected purposively. Secondary data were collected from secondary sources like PMAMP, journal articles, MoAD etc. Descriptive statistics, benefit cost analysis, value chain analysis were carried out. The study reveals that 81.67% of populations were engaged in agriculture occupation as a primary source of income. The BC ratio of fresh, dry and powder turmeric was found to be 1.30, 1.09 and 1.36 (machinery), 1.16 (Dhiki Jhato) respectively. Similarly the cost of production of fresh dry and powder turmeric was found to be NRs. 18.46, NRs. 119.20 and NRs. 162.92 (machinery), NRs. 189.87 (Dhiki Jhato) respectively. Market margin of fresh, dry and powder turmeric was found to be NRs. 6.03, NRs. 25.07 and NRs. 179.70 respectively. In the study area major value chain actors were providers, producers, collectors, processors, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. Insufficient technical support and improved seed rhizome, insufficient price to cover cost of production and traders dominance in pricing were the major problems faced by turmeric producing community. This study suggests the farmers for seed production, value addition, marketing and distribution in farm level.

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Chhetri, Ganesh Bhat, Durga Devkota et Banita Sharma. « Value chain analysis of turmeric subsector in Surkhet district of Nepal ». International Journal of Agricultural Invention 5, n^o 01 (15 juin 2020) : 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2020.5.1.2.

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A field experiment was carried out during the early summer seasons of 2018, at Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a high value spice crop of high medicinal and economic concern (HVAP, 2011). It has been using in Ayurveda and medicinal propose from centuries which helps to boost up digestive system, circulatory system, nervous system and immune system (Gunnar, 2018). 60 household respondents were selected using simple random technique without replacement from Beriganga Municipality, Barahataal Village Municipality and Chaukune village Municipality. 4 co-operatives were selected from each level randomly and 5 respondent from each co-operatives, i.e. 20 respondents from each local level. 3 spice industries and 7 traders were selected purposively. Secondary data were collected from secondary sources like PMAMP, journal articles, MoAD etc. Descriptive statistics, benefit cost analysis, value chain analysis were carried out. The study reveals that 81.67% of populations were engaged in agriculture occupation as a primary source of income. The BC ratio of fresh, dry and powder turmeric was found to be 1.30, 1.09 and 1.36 (machinery), 1.16 (Dhiki Jhato) respectively. Similarly the cost of production of fresh dry and powder turmeric was found to be NRs. 18.46, NRs. 119.20 and NRs. 162.92 (machinery), NRs. 189.87 (Dhiki Jhato) respectively. Market margin of fresh, dry and powder turmeric was found to be NRs. 6.03, NRs. 25.07 and NRs. 179.70 respectively. In the study area major value chain actors were providers, producers, collectors, processors, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. Insufficient technical support and improved seed rhizome, insufficient price to cover cost of production and traders dominance in pricing were the major problems faced by turmeric producing community. This study suggests the farmers for seed production, value addition, marketing and distribution in farm level.

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JOYDEEP MUKHERJEE, S.S. SINGH, SANTOSH KUMAR et MOHD. IDRIS. « Radiation use efficiency and yield of wheat grown under elevated CO2 and temperature in open top chamber at Patna, Bihar ». Journal of Agrometeorology 17, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2015) : 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v17i2.997.

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Elevated CO2 increases the C3 photosynthetic rate at the cellular level through increased carboxylation and decreased oxygenation, both of which are catalyzed by Rubisco. The study was conducted in the experimental farm of ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna (Lat. 25°35’37" N, Long. 85°05’ E and altitude 51.8 m amsl) under open top chamber (OTC). The circular structure of OTCs were made with an aluminum frame covered with UV-treated poly carbonate sheet, which transmits 85% of natural sunlight. The higher grain yields in wheat crop under elevated CO2 were primarily due to their greater biomass production capacity and not due to a greater fraction of total biomass being partitioned to grains. The percentage of filled grains also was significantly greater in the elevated treatment. Harvest index (HI) differed significantly between the elevated and ambient treatments in both the years. However,HI of the open treatment was significantly lower than the other two. Seed yields under elevated CO 2 were greater than the ambient and open field treatment.

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Voiku, Ivan. « THE TECHNOLOGY OF CO-CULTURING OF POTATOES WITH HONEY PLANTS AND PROSPECTS OF ITS TECHNICAL SUPPORT ». ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (20 juin 2019) : 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2019vol1.4108.

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The right way out of the crisis of the agro-based industries is the maximum use of the opportunities of scientific and technological progress and the orientation of the real economy to innovative development. One of the promising technologies of crop production is an innovative technology in potato growing, which provides for the co-culturing of potatoes with honey crops. Phacelia tanacetifolia (PhaceliatanacetifoliaBenth) is selected as honey crop, which is a valuable green manure. It allows to reduce the need for organic and mineral fertilizers, increases the ecological cleanness of products, favors the growth of potato yield, provides the additional honey yield. Phacelia significantly improves the soil structure, displacing a significant part of weeds, providing natural loosening of the soil, protection from drying out, from pests and parasites. The co-culturing of potatoes with phacelia protects the environment from the use of dangerous plant protection products. If the economic effect is defined as the difference between the profits of innovative and traditional technologies, then, according to preliminary calculations, the level of profitability of innovative technology in potato growing is 1.9 times higher, and the profit from 1 ha is 1.6 times higher compared with the traditional technology. Large-scale development of the proposed technology is hampered by the lack of potato planters and seed planters, which provide planting of potatoes and sowing seeds of honey crops simultaneously, in the Russian market and the markets of the European Union. An innovative technology - mounted seeder for potato planters was developed by the staff members of the Pskov State University. The article describes the main agro-technological requirements to this device. A general model and a kinematic scheme were developed to visualize the combination of the working elements of the potato planter and the mounted seeder. The developed model falls into the type of seed planters, which is designed to sowing in drills the seeds of honey crops (phacelia) in the furrow between potatoes at the time of the forthcoming closing of this furrow by soil, and can be used in agricultural engineering. Potential consumers of the proposed innovative technology in potato growing and the developed mounted seeder are farm enterprises and agricultural production cooperatives, which have small plots of land, use crop rotation systems in potato growing, and work for reducing costs and increasing the yield of potato cultivation.

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Biswas, C., P. Dey, A. Bera, S. Satpathy et B. S. Mahapatra. « First Report of Bacterial Leaf Spot Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. olitorii on Jute Grown for Seed in India ». Plant Disease 97, n^o 8 (août 2013) : 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-12-1196-pdn.

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Jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) is the second most important fiber crop after cotton in terms of global production (3). In November 2011, symptoms suggestive of bacterial infection were observed on a seed crop of jute at the CRIJAF research farm, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India. The disease appeared as small, brown, circular spots, usually less than 5 mm in diameter on the leaves and some of the spots were surrounded by a yellow halo. The lesions on the stems were elongated and in some cases were found to girdle the stem. In the later stages of disease, brown sunken spots were found on the green capsules. Disease incidence varied from about 20% to 90% of the total plants in different affected fields at the CRIJAF research farm. Bacterial leaf spot of jute with similar symptoms was reported in 1957 from Sudan (4). Five symptomatic and three asymptomatic leaf samples were collected from different jute fields. Bacterial colonies isolated on nutrient agar medium from infected young leaves were Xanthomonas-like and pale yellow cream in color. Total DNA was extracted from symptomatic as well as asymptomatic leaf samples by using an improved salt concentration and simple sodium acetate CTAB method (2). Single bacterial colonies were transferred to nutrient agar (NA) medium plates and incubated at 28°C for 48 h. Pure colonies from plates were used directly for DNA extraction using the QIAGEN DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit. PCR was carried out with Xanthomonas campestris specific primers NZ8F3/NZ85R3 (1), which generated an amplicon of 530 bp from all the symptomatic leaf samples as well as pure cultures of the isolated bacteria. No amplification was obtained from asymptomatic leaves. The amplicons from the five symptomatic samples collected from the field were sequenced and showed 100% identity with one another, and one sequence (strain JB-CO-13) was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KC342185). The BLASTn analysis revealed that bacterial strain JB-CO-13 had 100% identity with X. campestris pv. olitorii (EU285213). Nucleotide span and ORF finder (NCBI) analysis indicated the 530-bp PCR amplicon coded part of a gyrase B gene that had 100% identity with a translated gene product (Protein ID: ABX84334). Three leaves of five 1-month-old jute plants (cv. JRO 204) in pot culture were infiltrated each with a separate bacterial strain using suspensions (1 × 105 CFU/ml) in distilled water. The negative control consisted of leaves infiltrated with sterile distilled water. The plants were kept in a greenhouse with mean maximum and minimum temperatures of 28.96 and 21.8°C, respectively. The plants were covered with plastic bags to maintain high relative humidity (>80%). Typical bacterial lesions were recorded on all the inoculated plants after 1 week. No lesions were seen on the negative control. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of bacterial leaf spot on C. olitorius caused by X. campestris pv. olitorii from India. References: (1) J. Adriko et al. Plant Pathol. 61:489, 2012. (2) C. Biswas, et al. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 56:105, 2013. (3) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Agricultural Commodities: Profiles and Relevant WTO Negotiating Issues. Online: http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/Y4343E/y4343e03.htm , 2003. (4) K. A. Sabet. Ann. Appl. Biol. 45:516, 1957.

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Malathi, G, R.Jegathambal, R.Vijayan, P.Kalai Selvi et G.Anand. « Assessing the Performance of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Hybrids TNAU Chilli Hybrid CO 1 and Arka Saanvi in Salem District of Tamil Nadu ». international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, n^o 1 (28 février 2023) : 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i01.012.

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India is the world’s largest producer, consumer and exporter of chillies in the world. The important states of chilli production are Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Karnataka, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu. In Salem district, area under chilli cultivation is around 1100 ha in the year 2019-20. Among 20 blocks of Salem district, Kolathur block is well known for chilli cultivation in Salem District. Most of the farmers rely upon only the private chilli hybrids, for which they have to spend much more towards seed cost. In this regard, an investigation is required for assessing the performance of high pungent chilli hybrids in Salem district. Hence, an investigation was carried out to assess the performance of high pungent chilli hybrids in Salem district in the year 2021. An on farm trial was conducted in five different locations of Salem district during Kharif season with chilli hybrids Arka Saanvi and TNAU Chilli Hybrid CO 1 with Sierra Hybrid of Private Company namely Mahyco as check hybrid. Results revealed that TNAU Chilli hybrid CO1 recorded highest marketable fruit yield per hectare (24t/ha) followed by Arka Saanvi (21t/ha) which might be due to the more number of marketable fruits per plant in TNAU Chilli hybrid CO1. Farmers preference as well as market preference in Salem District for TNAU Chilli Hybrid CO 1 is more than Arka Saanvi because of its bigger size fruits with more number of fruits with high pungency. With regard to benefit cost ratio, Arka Saanvi and Sierra recorded 2.50 and 1.79 respectively as against 2.71 in TNAU Chilli hybrid CO 1.

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Naraghi, Laleh, et Mohammad Razi Nattaj. « Efficacy of Talaromyces flavus microcapsule in controlling cotton important fungal diseases ». Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 16, n^o 2 (17 novembre 2022) : e03023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v16n2-026.

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Purpose: Evaluation of efficacy of Talaromyces flavus microcapsule in controlling cotton important fungal diseases and introducing Talaromyces flavus for using in the cotton fields. Methods: In this research focused on the application and efficiency evaluation of two new formulations of T. flavus microcapsules (TF-Co-G-1: Isolate 1 obtained from the Gorgan cotton farm) in suspension and powder forms, which were compared with the fungicide Talaromin® in farmers' fields. In this research, two cotton farms (Karkandeh and Hashemabad) with a history of infection with VW and DO were selected in two different regions of Golestan province. Each of the fields with an area of 1000 m2 was divided into seven equal parts. In each part, the treatments were applied separately, including microcapsule suspension with soil application, microcapsule suspension as seed impregnation, microcapsule powder with soil application, microcapsule suspension as seed impregnation, Talaromin® fungicide with soil application, Talaromin® as seed impregnation, and a control. The efficiencies of different treatments in terms of controlling the studied diseases and strengthening different growth indicators were evaluated by comparing the means of nine measured traits, including three traits for disease indicators (the percentage healthy seedlings for DO and the incidence rate and severity percentage of VW). To this end, the mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) was first performed for two regions using the MS TAT C software, and the ANOVA of means was performed for each region separately with the significant effect of treatment × location. Results and conclusion: The results showed that among the studied formulations, powder microcapsules with seed impregnation by 32% and Talaromin® with soil application by 59% were respectively the most effective treatments for a significant increase in the percentage of healthy seedlings and a significant decrease in the severity of VW. Therefore, the obtained results indicate that the technical knowledge to produce T. flavus microcapsule formulations with two forms of suspension and powder can be transferred to manufacturing companies to carry out the commercialization and mass production process. Originality/value: Production of Talaromyces flavus microcapsule.

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Musoke, C., FB Kyazze, P. Kibwika, S. Kyamanywa et SB Mukasa. « The certified sweet potato seed system evolution process : A case of Omoro and Mpigi districts in Uganda ». African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 24, n^o 3 (6 avril 2024) : 25731–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.128.24305.

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Opportunities for Ugandan farmers to undertake the production of sweet potato have resulted in certified sweet potato seed (CSS) innovations being pursued in recent times. The CSS and farmer-saved vine sources co-exist with the latter still predominant despite the formers’ on-farm superior performance as regards yields, disease reduction and promotions. Information on the evolution process is missing, leading to ambiguous interpretations of its impact on uptake. This study described the evolution stages, emerging delivery structure and actor interactions during the CSS development process in Uganda. A case study design was employed, and data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs), and anchored into actor-network theory (ANT) to generate actor actions and interrelationships. Transcripts were analyzed using the thematic analysis approach by Braun and Clarke. Network analysis was done using UCINET6 V6.759 and a Network visualizer (Net Draw 2.179). Results depicted a six-stage evolution process with most actors having multiple roles, business actors involved at utilization stage only and each stage being triggered by an event. During the process, an integrated CSS system emerged with only 35.6% of the potential direct links between actors being present. The major central actors that had closer interactions with farmers and seed growers were largely public sector, with private sector coming in late. Actors were location-specific with those of Mpigi being many, more interactive (average degree of 7.8) compared to Omoro (average degree of 4.5), and high average path lengths (1.7) implying actors are remotely connected with farmers and vine multipliers being most influential. It is envisaged that the involvement of business actors in product innovation stages and imparting entrepreneurial skills to key farmer groups and vine multipliers will spur the CSS system. Future research into CSS systems should focus on building business ecosystems. Key words: Certified sweet potato seed, Evolution process, Delivery structure, Actor interactions

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David Buntin, G. « Hessian Fly Control in Winter Wheat with Spring-Applied Foliar Insecticides, 1986, 1987 ». Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 15, n^o 1 (1 janvier 1990) : 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/15.1.306.

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Abstract Selected foliar insecticides were evaluated for controlling the Hessian fly during the panicle emergence and grain-filling phase of wheat growth. Trial 1 was conducted at the Bledsoe research farm in northern Pike Co., GA. Trials 2, 3 and 4 were conducted in Sumter Co. near Plains, GA. Seed were planted in 8 inch rows at 90 lb/acre using a grain drill on 20 Oct 1986 in Trial 1, 29 Oct 1986 in Trial 2 and 3, and 1 Dec 1987 in Trial 4. Plots measured 7 by 20 ft in each trial and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with No. 4 flat fan nozzles which delivered 27.5 gal/acre. Plots in Trial 1 were treated on 1 Mar 1987 during the mid-joint stage. Plots in Trials 2 and 3 were treated at anthesis on 1 Apr 1987. Plants in Trial 4 were treated in the flag leaf stage on 8 Apr 1988. Hessian fly infestations were sampled in each plot by digging plants in a 1-ft section of row and determining the percentage of infested tillers. Pretreatment samples were taken 1 day before application. Posttreatment samples were taken on 25 May in Trial 1 and 12 May in Trial 2 and 3. Plots were harvested with a small plot combine. Grain weight, test weight and moisture content were meausred and yield was adjusted to 13.5% moisture content.

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G, Nallathambi, Ganesan K N, Tamilarasi P M, Sain Dass, Thiyagarajan K, Veerabadhiran P, Paranidharan V et Sridharan S. « A High Yielding Multiple Disease Resistant TNAU Maize Hybrid Co 6 for Tamil Nadu ». Madras Agricultural Journal 99, December (2012) : 677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.100168.

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TNAU maize hybrid Co 6 (CMH-08-282) is a high yielding single cross hybrid (UMI 1200 x UMI 1230) and matures in 110 days. It is suited for cultivation both under irrigated (June - July & November - December) and rainfed (September - October) conditions. A total of 100 adaptive research trials, 16 multi location trials, 138 on farm trials, 9 station trials and 49 All India trials were conducted with single cross hybrid CoH(M) 5 as check and popular private maize hybrids viz., 900 M (G ) and NK 6240 as checks. Under irrigated condition, it recorded a mean grain yield of 7359 kg/ha with 28.2, 10.6 and 8.2 per cent increased grain yield over the existing hybrid Co(H)M 5 (5739 Kg/ha), 900 M (G) (6656 Kg/ha) and NK 6240 (6803 Kg/ha) respectively. Under rainfed conditions the same hybrid recorded a mean grain yield of 4906 kg/ha with 16.6, 19.0 and 21.6 per cent increased grain yield over checks viz., CoH(M) 5 (4209 Kg/ha), 900 M (G) (4121 Kg/ha) and NK 6240 (4034 Kg/ha) respectively. It recorded a highest yield of 13273 Kg/ha (JH Agri, Bangalore) and 19 tonnes of fodder under irrigated condition. It exhibited a multiple disease resistance against the Sorghum downy mildew, Turcicum leaf blight and Post flowering stock rot and moderately resistant to stem borer. It possesses high starch (76.30 %), high protein (11.25%) and high beta-carotein (0.48 mg/100g) with moderate level of fat (4.65 %) and crude fibre (1.25%) than the check hybrids. Grains are bold, orange yellow, semi dent in texture. It recorded a high shelling (81%) with high test weight (400 g /1000 seeds). Hybrid seed production is much easier since male and female parents can be sown simultaneously for flowering synchronization. In view of high yielding with stable performance across environments, it has been released as new hybrid during 2012 for commercial exploitation in the state of Tamil Nadu.

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Devkota, Kamal, Dhanej Thapa et Hari Dhungana. « Weak Institutional Interaction : Reason for Poor Agricultural Extension Services Delivery in Nepal ». New Angle : Nepal journal of social science and public policy 4, n^o 1 (4 mai 2020) : 88–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.53037/na.v4i1.22.

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Institutional pluralism, privatisation and decentralisation of extension services are priority sectors of Nepal’s agricultural extension strategy. With the approach of public private partnership in agriculture, new actors like agro-vet, NGOs, private agro- farm, breeding centres, seed and fertilizer companies have grown considerably in the past decades. This has called a need to outline in detail how institutions communicate and co-operate with each other to forge an effective consolidation for achieving food security, livelihoods and other goals. This paper tries to see current process of agricultural institutional interaction and explore different hurdles in effectively reaching to farmers. With the review of literatures, policy documents and empirical evidences collected from local practitioners and observation of field settings from two districts of Nepal, this paper argues that the existing pattern of institutional interaction for the agricultural intensification is weak. The open political environment and incentive of selling seeds, pesticides and agriculture equipments has resulted into unprecedented rise of agrovets, equipment vendors and dealers—and with time they are becoming more and more influential, having very close links with the farmers. Agriculture extension system remains poorly coordinated among government organisations and NGOs and also has limited communicative links to groups and associations of farmers.

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Kouno, Naoyuki, Naoko Suzuki et Tsuyoshi Takara. « Effects of sulforaphane glucosinolates from broccoli seed extract on the immune system of healthy Japanese adults ». Functional Foods in Health and Disease 13, n^o 6 (1 juin 2023) : 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v13i6.1089.

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Background: The Purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sulforaphane glucosinolate (SGS) from broccoli seed extracts on immune function and common cold symptoms in healthy Japanese adults.Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group comparison study was conducted on Japanese adults who had worse health-related quality of life on the SF-8 and were more likely to catch colds from October 22, 2020 to April 2, 2021.Individuals who agreed to participate in the study were randomly assigned to either the SGS 100 mg/day group or the placebo group (n = 33 each). The intervention lasted 8 weeks. The outcomes of this study were the cumulative and the maximum number of days for which common cold symptoms persisted during the intervention period per subject (primary), and the frequency with which subjects experienced these symptoms per group (secondary). Additionally, the incidence rate of subjects infected with the influenza virus, immune indices, and SF-8 were assessed.Results: Based on a per protocol set, 64 subjects (33 in the SGS group and 31 in the placebo group) were analyzed. After the 8-week interventional period, the cumulative number of days for which common cold symptoms per subject was significantly lower for the SGS group than the placebo group (12.1 ± 13.5 for the SGS group and 20.2 ± 18.2 for the placebo group). The cumulative number of days of common cold symptoms per group was also significantly lower in the SGS group than in the placebo group (400 days in the SGS group and 626 days in the placebo group). No changes attributable to the SGS intervention were observed in the other outcomes. There were no adverse events due to food ingestion.Conclusion: A period of 8 weeks of SGS intake was shown to alleviate the onset of common cold symptoms in healthy Japanese adults who were prone to catching colds and had a low subjective sense of wellness.Keywords: Broccoli, sulforaphane, glucoraphanin, cold symptoms, immunityTrial registration: UMIN-CTR: UMIN000042195.Foundation: Murakami Farm Co., Ltd.

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Kumar, Anil, Arun Alfred David, Tarence Thomas, Ram Bharose, Narendra Swaroop, Rohan Serawat, Iska Srinath Reddy et Neha Toppo. « Response of Inorganic Fertilizers Organic Manure and Biofertilizer on Soil Health and Yield Attributes of Chick Pea (Cicer aretinum L.) Cv. Aruna ». International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, n^o 12 (26 décembre 2023) : 1166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i123781.

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An experimental trial carried out on topic for the two repeated year 2021-22, start from rabi seasons at research farm of soil science and agricultural chemistry prayagraj. The geographical co-ordinates of the university campus are approximately 25.47690 N latitude and 81.85740 E longitude and 98 meters (322 feet) the area of prayagraj district comes under subtropical belt in the south east of uttar pradesh, which experience extremely hot summer and fairly cold winter. The maximum temperature of the location reaches up to 460C - 480C and minimum temperature is 40C - 50C. The relative humidity ranged between 20 to 94 percent. The average rainfall in this area is around 1100 mm annually. the designed lay out 48 total soil was sandy loam and samples were taken from different depths 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm the conjunctive use of N, P, & K and different vermicompost and rhizobium the treatment T16 [RDF @ 100 % + VC @ 100 % + Rhizobium @ 100 %] plant height (cm), number of branches, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod plant-1, grain yield, seed weight, gave best results. The maximum B:C ratio was achieved in treatment T16 [RDF @ 100 % + VC @ 100 % + Rhizobium @ 100 %], i. e. 1.95 and 2.18, for chick pea cv. aruna during respectively years and was found at par than any other treatment.

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Sangappa, D. Rafi, Laxmi B., Charishma E., Itigi Prabhakar, Arun Kumar P., Sujeet K. Jha et Tara Satyavathi C. « Farmers’ Perception towards Climate and Millet Producer Organizations ». International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, n^o 9 (3 août 2023) : 2754–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92508.

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Aims: Majority of the farmers in India are small and marginal (nearly 88.6%) & facing issues in getting timely inputs (seed, fertilizer, pesticide and farm implements), credit access, market linkages, & existence of intermediaries reduced the producers share in consumer rupee. Farmers as collectives viz., FPOs/Co-operatives/FPC helps small, marginal and tenant farmers in enhancing their production, marketing, income, bargaining power, and provides benefits through joint action by eliminating the intermediaries. FPOs boost farmers income by establishing businesses among farming communities, brings industry and agriculture together that develops rural areas. Study Design: Random sampling. Place and Duration of Study: Karnataka, January 2023. Methodology: Four millet FPOs promoted by ICAR-IIMR from Northern Karnataka were taken for the study. Data regarding perception of millet farmers towards FPOs was collected by using well framed interview schedule from 120 farmers which were selected randomly. The data pertaining to study was collected during 2022-23 and basic statistical tools like descriptive statistics, percentage analysis, factor analysis were employed for analyzing the perception levels of farmers. Results: Majority of the millet farmers in the study area were medium aged with family size of four to six members. The average land holding capacity of farmers was 7.85 acres and are customized with organic farming of cultivation. It was noticed that majority of the millet FPO famers have medium level of perception towards general (80 %) and service activities (68.3 %) of FPOs and have higher level (73.3 %) of perception towards extension activities of FPOs. Lack of effective market linkages, Timely availability of agri-inputs and lack of coordination among FPO members were major constraints faced by millet FPO members. Conclusion: Establishment of Millet farm gate processing units at FPOs, CHCs, linking small holders to market through FPOs, value addition of millets, e-marketing, organizing trainings on aspects of second agriculture programs will make FPOs sustain in long run and thereby strengthen millet value chain. Collective efforts of Millet FPOs can contribute in building climate-resilient agricultural systems and support sustainable livelihoods for millet farmers.

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Lee, Jian-Cheng, Chung-Pai Chang, Haruo Hayashi et Hongey Chen. « Special Issue on ICoE Taipei Integrated Research on Disaster Risk ». Journal of Disaster Research 18, n^o 7 (1 octobre 2023) : 689–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2023.p0689.

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Established in 2010 as an integrated research program for disaster risk reduction, the IRDR ICoE Taipei is co-sponsored by the International Science Council (ISC) and the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR). In the past decade, the IRDR ICoE Taipei has received hundreds of participants around the world to the more than a dozen international training workshops (AI, Advanced Institute) it has organized. These workshops focused mostly on the capacity building program for disaster risk reduction. Bearing this in mind, one important motivation for this Special Issue was to encourage the participants of each Advanced Institute, in particular those who were awarded Seed Grants to conduct one-year projects following each workshop, to publish the results of their studies on the topics related to disaster risk reduction. In this Special Issue, the first paper provides a brief review of the capacity building program of the IRDR ICoE Taipei, followed by three research articles. Viola van Onselen and her co-workers in Taiwan present a methodology of strategies of ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction, with several case studies in coastal environments of Taiwan. Shyamli Singh of India proposes an integrated system for sustainable rice economics linking from farm to market, a case study on one of the largest rice production fields on the Indo-Gangetic plain. From the engineering perspective, Wen-Yi Huang and his colleagues in Taiwan and Australia present a paper dealing with the reinforcement of soil walls to prevent geohazards on the roads. This is the first special issue produced as a collaboration between the IRDR ICoE Taipei and the JDR, with great support from the National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction (NCDR) and Academia Sinica of Taiwan. We hope there will be more Special Issues to come in the next few years.

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Singh, Udai B., Deepti Malviya, Shailendra Singh, Prakash Singh, Abhijeet Ghatak, Muhammad Imran, Jai P. Rai et al. « Salt-Tolerant Compatible Microbial Inoculants Modulate Physio-Biochemical Responses Enhance Plant Growth, Zn Biofortification and Yield of Wheat Grown in Saline-Sodic Soil ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n^o 18 (21 septembre 2021) : 9936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189936.

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A wide range of root-associated mutualistic microorganisms have been successfully applied and documented in the past for growth promotion, biofertilization, biofortification and biotic and abiotic stress amelioration in major crops. These microorganisms include nitrogen fixers, nutrient mobilizers, bio-remediators and bio-control agents. The present study aimed to demonstrate the impact of salt-tolerant compatible microbial inoculants on plant growth; Zn biofortification and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops grown in saline-sodic soil and insight of the mechanisms involved therein are being shared through this paper. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of Trichoderma harzianum UBSTH-501 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-16 on wheat grown in saline-sodic soil at Research Farm, ICAR-Indian Institute of Seed Sciences, Kushmaur, India. The population of rhizosphere-associated microorganisms changed dramatically upon inoculation of the test microbes in the wheat rhizosphere. The co-inoculation induced a significant accumulation of proline and total soluble sugar in wheat at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing as compared to the uninoculated control. Upon quantitative estimation of organic solutes and antioxidant enzymes, these were found to have increased significantly in co-inoculated plants under salt-stressed conditions. The application of microbial inoculants enhanced the salt tolerance level significantly in wheat plants grown in saline-sodic soil. A significant increase in the uptake and translocation of potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) was observed in wheat co-inoculated with the microbial inoculants, while a significant reduction in sodium (Na+) content was recorded in plants treated with both the bio-agents when compared with the respective uninoculated control plants. Results clearly indicated that significantly higher expression of TaHKT-1 and TaNHX1 in the roots enhances salt tolerance effectively by maintaining the Na+/K+ balance in the plant tissue. It was also observed that co-inoculation of the test inoculants increased the expression of ZIP transporters (2–3.5-folds) which ultimately led to increased biofortification of Zn in wheat grown in saline-sodic soil. Results suggested that co-inoculation of T. harzianum UBSTH-501 and B. amyloliquefaciens B-16 not only increased plant growth but also improved total grain yield along with a reduction in seedling mortality in the early stages of crop growth. In general, the present investigation demonstrated the feasibility of using salt-tolerant rhizosphere microbes for plant growth promotion and provides insights into plant-microbe interactions to ameliorate salt stress and increase Zn bio-fortification in wheat.

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Roberts, Warren, Benny Bruton, Wayne Fish et Merritt Taylor. « YEAR TWO : EFFECTS OF GRAFTING ON WATERMELON YIELD AND QUALITY ». HortScience 41, n^o 3 (juin 2006) : 519B—519. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.519b.

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This is the second year of research on the effects of grafting watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) onto rootstocks of squash and gourd. The study was conducted at Lane, Okla., in both 2004 and 2005. This report deals with the results from 2005. Treatments consisted of watermelon cultivars SF 800, SS 5244, SS 7167, SS 7177, and SS 7187 from Abbot & Cobb Seed Co., grown on their own roots, or grafted onto rootstocks of RS1330, RS1332, RS1420, or RS 1422. Additional controls consisted of nongrafted cultivars Sangria, Royal Sweet, Jubilee, and Jamboree. Two fields were planted, with three replications per field. Plants were grown on 1-m centers, with rows 3 m apart. Yields from grafted plants were higher than average farm yields in Oklahoma, but were lower than yields from the nongrafted plants in this experiment. Sugar content, measured as soluble solids, was in some cases lower with the grafted plants than with the nongrafted plants. Lycopene content of fruit from grafted plants was similar to that of fruit from nongrafted plants. Fruit firmness, as measured by a penetrometer, was significantly greater in the grafted fruit than in the nongrafted fruit. This increase in fruit firmness should be of significance to the fresh-cut fruit industry. Matching of scions with appropriate rootstocks was important, as interactions did occur. Rootstock 1332 generally had lower sugar content and yield than did the other rootstocks, but not with all scions. Certain combinations of rootstock and scion were significantly superior to other combinations.

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