Thèses sur le sujet « Scotland – Hebrides »
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1
Thomas, Sarah Elizabeth. « From Rome to 'the ends of the habitable world' the provision of clergy and church buildings in the Hebrides, circa 1266 to circa 1472 / ». Thesis restricted. Connect to e-thesis to view abstract. Move to record for print version, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/684/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2008.Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts, Departments of Archaeology and History, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
2
Wilkinson, Mark. « Sandstone-hosted concretionary cements of the Hebrides, Scotland ». Thesis, University of Leicester, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34983.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The geometries of the sandstone-hosted calcite concretions of the Jurassic Valtos Sandstone Formation and Bearreraig Sandstone Formation are described and related to the processes operating during concretion growth. As concretionary bodies analogous to those studied form potential permeability barriers within some North Sea petroleum reservoirs; the relationship between the growth processes and permeability barrier formation is examined. The growth times for model spherical concretions are calculated for the complex carbonate-water system. Two growth processes are modelled, solute transport and surface reaction. Growth times for a 1m diameter concretion forming under geologically reasonable conditions are predicted to be 22.3Ma, which reduces to 8.8Ma in porewaters flowing at 1m/year. The depth of formation of the concretions is assessed, through an examination of depth dependent properties of both the host-sediment and the calcite cement, and is found to be less than 500m. Concretion formation preceeded the Paleocene igneous activity which affected the Hebrides. The majority of the concretions examined formed at burial depths which were too great to allow effective contact between the concretions and seawater. The major source of carbonate was the dissolution of aragonitic shell material from within the host sandbody. The nature of the porewaters from which the concretions formed is assessed. The majority were meteoric in origin, though some marine influence is noted. The minor element contents of the cements cannot be used to calculate porewater compositions, as disequilibrium between the porewaters and the cements can be demonstrated. A model is proposed to account for the minor element patterns. Crystal breeding can be demonstrated to have occurred during concretion growth. A hypothesis is presented to explain the petrographic features of a typical Valtos Sandstone Formation concretion.
3
Stahl, Anke-Beate. « Place-names of Barra in the Outer Hebrides ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15754.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The aim of the thesis is to examine the nomenclature of the Barra Isles by investigating the distribution and interaction of Norse, Gaelic and English name-forming elements. Consideration is given to the historical, political and economic reasons for changes in placenames, and the language situation is assessed. In a theory-based chapter the function of names, naming strategies, name changes, and reasons for loss of names are examined. The main thrust is to compile a gazetteer of place-names gathered both from historical documents such as maps, sea-charts, registers and travel literature, and from interviews with local people. With the help of a database the corpus is analysed with regard to semantics, morphology and naming intention. Finally, a consideration of the historical development of names illustrates degrees of stability and of change in the place-names of Barra.
4
Kaye, Katherine Jean. « The impacts of agricultural development grants in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314994.
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5
Mulder, Ymke Lisette Anna. « Aspects of vegetation and settlement history in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10367/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Although the Outer Hebrides today are virtually treeless, many parts of the islands appear to have sustained woodland during the early Holocene. The reasons for the decline in trees and shrubs, which took place between the Mesolithic and Iron Age periods, may include natural factors (e.g. climate or soil change) and/or human impact. In order to gain an insight into the relationship between people and vegetation change, profiles from five sites were analysed for pollen, spores and microscopic charcoal content: Loch a' Chabhain and Loch Airigh na h-Achlais (South Uist), Fobost (a valley mire in South Uist); Loch Olabhat (North Uist), and the Neolithic archaeological site of Eilean Domhnuill (located in Loch Olabhat). Other than at the archaeological site, arboreal pollen values were high (>75%) at the beginning of the Holocene. There is no evidence for a clear Mesolithic presence at any of the sites. Inferred woodland decline started c. 7900 BP (8690 cal BP) at Frobost, probably due to an expansion of the mire, and c. 5300 BP (6080 cal BP) at Loch a' Chabhain, probably also due to natural factors. Both areas may have been used for grazing from the Neolithic onwards. At Loch Airigh na h-Achlais woodland reduction started in the Neolithic, accelerating during the Bronze Age, perhaps due to climatic deterioration and/or grazing pressures. The profile from Loch Olabhat has strong evidence of human impact during the early Neolithic: a decline in arboreal taxa, an increase in cultural indicators, and signs of erosion in the catchment area. Woodland removal and cultivation here may ultimately have led to rising loch levels and the inundation of Eilean Domhnuill. At Loch Airigh na h-Achlais and Loch Olabhat there may be evidence for heathland management by fire during prehistoric and historical times. Archaeological evidence points to a shift in settlement areas between the Iron Age and the Neolithic, from peat-covered inland areas to the machair along the west coast. A general expansion in heath and mire communities suggests that inland localities may have become increasingly infertile.
6
Tsoumakos, Petros E. « Interpretation of a seismic survey of crustal structure in western Scotland and the Hebrides ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236701.
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7
Muir, Roderick John. « The precambrian basement and related rocks of the southern Inner Hebrides, Scotland ». Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339724.
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8
Johnston, Anne R. « Norse settlement in the Inner Hebrides ca. 800-1300 ; with special reference to the islands of Mull, Coll and Tiree ». Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2950.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The thesis aims to elucidate the form, extent and chronological development of Norse colonial settlement in the Inner Hebridean islands of Mull, Coll, Thee and Lismore in the period ca 800-1300. Tiree, Coll and Lismore are studied in their entirety while an area from each of the parochial divisions on Mull is selected. Historically Mull, Coll and Tiree have an essential territorial unity in that they formed part of the territory of the cenel Loairn within the kingdom of Dalriada in the pre-Norse period. With the division of the Isles in 1156 all three islands fell into the hands of Somerled of Argyll and in the immediate post-Norse period remained as a unit in the possession of the MacDougals. Geographically the islands differ greatly from one another and show a wide range of geological structures, landforms, soil types and vegetation, and climatic conditions. They thus offer an opportunity for analysing settlement location, development and expansion within a relatively small geographical area and yet one which encompasses a variety of natural incentives and constraints. Lismore, lying to the north-west of the above group and strategically situated at the mouth of the Great Glen was important in the pre-Norse period as a major Celtic monastic centre. The island is included by way of contrast, for its site and situation and close proximity to mainland Scotland suggested that the Norse settlement of the island may have been of a different character to that found on Mull, Coll and Tiree. An area of the Norwegain 'homeland', the Sunnmore islands lying off the west coast of Norway is looked at for comparative purposes. This allows an investigation of the evolution of Norse settlement and the coining of names within a purely Norse environment. This helps clarify the process of settlement development and expansion and the accompanying naming practices in a colonial setting where, particularly on Mull and Lismore, a dense Gaelic overlay often obscures salient features of the Norse settlement pattern. The methodology employed is both inter-disciplinary and retrospective allowing successive layers of settlement to be 'peeled back' in order to expose the pattern of settlement as it may have existed in the Norse period. The thesis divides into two parts. The first analyses settlement by settlement, the islands in question. The second concentrates on the major issues pertinent to settlement evolution. Norse and Gaelic settlement names are discussed together with the administrative and ecclesiastical organisation of the Isles. This leads to the formulation of a 'model for Norse settlement' for the Inner Hebrides.
9
Imber, Jonathan. « Deformation and fluid-rock interaction along then reactivated Outer Hebrides fault zone, Scotland ». Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2022/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Outer Hebrides Fault Zone (OHFZ) is a major, moderately E- to ESE-dipping long-lived reactivated fault zone which is developed in, and cross-cuts, crystalline amphibolite to granulite grade Lewisian basement gneisses, NW Scotland. A complex assemblage of different fault rocks and structures is presently exposed along the OHFZ, which reflects deformation at a range of crustal depths and metamorphic (temperature, pressure, fluid activity) conditions. Detailed field and microstructural observations have demonstrated that segments of the fault zone which display evidence of repeated reactivation over long periods of geological time (movements range from late Laxfordian / Grenvillian to Oligocene in age) are characterised by intense, localised greenschist facies retrogression and the development of sericite- and chlorite-bearing phyllonitic shear zones. In contrast, phyllonite is absent from segments of the fault zone which have not suffered extensive reactivation. These observations are consistent with phyllonitisation at mid-crustal depths having caused profound long-term mechanical weakening of the OHFZ,Two phases of retrogression and phyllonitisation have been recognised along the OHFZ:Upper greenschist facies, Late Laxfordian / Grenvillian phyllonitisation, which occurred at between 15 and 17km depth (Lewis and Harris only), and Lower greenschist facies, Caledonian phyllonitisation, which occurred at between 8 and 9km depth (Lewis, Harris and the Uists).Microstructural and geochemical studies of selected phyllonites from reactivated segments of the OHFZ demonstrate that greenschist facies retrogression and phyllonitisation were promoted by the influx of warm (c.250 to 450 C), hydrous iron^ and magnesium-bearing, oxidising fluids into the fault zone. Fluid flow during upper greenschist facies phyllonitisation was focused into pre-existing bands of highly strained quartzo-feldspathic mylonite, whilst fluid flow during lower greenschist facies phyllonitisation was focused predominantly into pre-existing brittle fractures and cataclastic crush zones. Thus, the distribution and intensity of fluid flow, and hence the distribution and intensity of retrogression and phyllonitisation were ultimately governed by the nature of pre-existing permeability pathways through the fault zone. It is therefore concluded that the long-term rheological evolution of reactivated basement fault zones is inexorably linked to the mid-crustal permeability evolution of such structures
10
Wakefield, Matthew Ian. « Ostracoda (Crustacea) of the Great Estuarine Group (Bathonian, Middle Jurassic), Inner Hebrides, Scotland ». Thesis, University of Leicester, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34977.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Ostracoda of the Great Estuarine Group, Inner Hebrides, Scotland are monographed. These are referred to Order Podocopida, Suborder Podocopina, superfamilies Cytheracea, Cypridacea and Darwinulacea, seven families, five subfamilies, 17 genera (three new) and 41 species (25 new, 11 in open nomenclature). The stratigraphic occurrence of the ostracod species is determined for the Islands of Skye, Eigg and Muck. The major lithostratigraphic subdivisions of the Great Estuarine Group are reflected in the ostracod fauna. The ostracod species are largely endemic to the Hebrides; there are generic level affinities with other British sequences. Ostracod genera are used to interpret the palaeosalinity of deposition of the Duntulm and Kilmaluag formations. In some cases the palaeosalinity of deposition of individual beds is corroborated using C & O stable isotope analyses. Three salinity controlled ostracod assemblages are recognised and are interpreted to have migrated within the Kilmaluag lagoon due to increased freshwater or brackish-marine water input. By comparison with the associated molluscs, conchostracans and algae, four salinity events are detected within the type section of the Kilmaluag Formation. The Kilmaluag Formation was deposited within shallow, low energy freshwater lagoons with a tenuous link to a water body of brackish-marine salinity producing a salinity gradient. Salinity is the primary control upon faunal and floral occurrences within the Lealt Shale Formation. Relative salinity tolerances are estimated for 26 ostracod species from the formation. Based upon ostracod and mollusc data this formation has rapidly and frequently fluctuating palaeosalinity values. O isotope analyses of the bivalve Praemytilus strathairdensis show a positive correlation with the palaeosalinity fluctuations; the percentage abundances of the alga Botryococcus show a negative correlation. Variations in the adductor muscle-scar rosette of Darwinula muscula are due to the mostly ontogenetic subdivision of scars. Different fossil and Recent species of Darwinula are shown to have different rosette patterns.
11
Butler, Christopher Anthony. « Basement fault reactivation : the kinematic evolution of the Outer Hebrides Fault Zone, Scotland ». Thesis, Durham University, 1995. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1427/.
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12
Griffin, Mark Andrew. « Characterisation of Palaeoproterozoic Laxfordian regional metamorphism in the Western Isles (Outer Hebrides), NW Scotland ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508554.
Texte intégral
13
Greenwood, Richard C. « Geology and petrology of the margin of the Rhum ultrabasic intrusion, Inner Hebrides, Scotland ». Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7123.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Country rocks surrounding the Rhum Tertiary ultrabasic complex have experienced severe thermal metamorphism, partial melting and mobilization resulting in the formation of extensive areas of intrusion breccia. Evidence from several sources indicates a maximum temperature in the country rocks of 960 ± 40°C. Contrary to previous suggestions the complex was not emplaced as a fault block enclosed by a "Marginal Gabbro", but formed in situ at a depth of less than 1Km. Large-scale layering continues to within 2m of the country rocks, and shows no change in either thickness or orientation close to the contact. Smallscale layers at Harris Bay thin and terminate towards the contact with the Western Granophyre. Strontium isotope data showsthat the margins of the complex have experienced considerable crustal contamination. Contamination may have taken place by mixing of anatectic country rock melt with the resident basaltic liquid during boundary flow. Whole-rock and isotope geochemistry suggests that marginal microgranodiorite ("hybrid rocks") formed during a process of combined assimilation and fractional crystallization. Lead isotope data indicate that rocks of the ultrabasic complex, as well as earlier Tertiary granophres and felsites, were contaminated with Lewisian lead. The crustal level at which this took place and the processes involved remain unclear. Oxygen isotope analyses show that rocks of the contact zone have undergone large-scale exchange with heated, meteoric fluids. In response to inflation of the complex the country rocks experienced considerable deformation, and in places the chamber roof underwent gravity collapse. Deformation resulted in increased country rock permeability, thus enhancing hydrothermal circulation and promoting high-cooling rates along the contact zone. A consequence of this process is the local preservation of quenched ultrabasic material at Harris Bay, and the ubiquitous development of rapid growth textures in all lithologies within the contact zone.
14
MacDonald, Diane. « The cultural construction of an island identity : an ethnographic study of an inner Hebridean island on the west coast of Scotland ». Thesis, University of Stirling, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2620.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The central argument of this thesis is that, for the Gaels of Lismore, their boundaries are not just the physical ones (important though they may be) of living on an island bounded by the sea, but that the boundaries are also symbolic and relate to the recreation and reinforcement of a cultural identity. These can be denoted by a variety of things but, in this thesis, I explore boundaries of History, Oral Tradition, Music, Language, Life-cycle rituals and the ritual boundaries of 'celebrations', both at home and when the Gael moves away from the Highlands. Where possible, several specific historical incidents have been used which have direct relevance and significance for the mental construction of these boundaries for the Gaels in general, and the Gaels of Lismore in particular. One of the aims has been to understand the present, by looking at the past, since the culture of the Gaels has important historical referents for them. Both emic and etic perspectives are considered as far as possible, using two types of perspectives on history, outsider viewpoints and those of the Gaels themselves. The identity of a community is a reality: a community consciousness is reinforced and encompassed by boundaries which can be symbolic. The symbols of community can incorporate many differences successfully, specifically because symbols can be so general. In this way, it is possible for a community to come under one banner despite intense variations in belief and ideals. When community parameters are under threat, perhaps by historical factors which necessitate social cliange as in the case of Lismore, people reinforce these boundaries by turning to symbolic behaviour. Ethnographic examples are used throughout to illustrate these points. An audio tape is supplied to use with the Gaelic extracts. This is to allow the reader to hear the sound of the language and music extracts used in the thesis.
15
Cressey, Michael. « The identification of early lead mining : environmental, archaeological and historical perspectives from Islay, Inner Hebrides, Scotland ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33319.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis investigates whether lead mining can be detected using palaeoenvironmental data recovered from freshwater loch and marsh sediment. Using radiometric time-frames and geochernical analyses the environmental impact of 18th and 19th century mining on Islay, Inner Hebrides, Scotland, has been investigated. The model of known mining events thus produced has been used to assess previously unrecorded (early) lead mining activity. Previous mining in the area is suggested by 18th century accounts that record the presence of 1,000 "early" workings scattered over the north-east limestone region. While there is little to support the often repeated assertion that lead mining dates back to the Norse Period (circa lOll th centuries) it is clear that it may well have been an established industry prior to the time of the first historical records in the 16th century. In order to use a palaeoenvironmental approach to the question of mining history and its impact, the strategy has been to use integrated loch and catclunent units of study. The areas considered are; Loch Finlaggan, Loch Lossit, Loch Bharradail and a control site at Loch Leathann. Soil and sediment geochemical mapping has been used to assess the distribution of lead, zinc and copper within the catchments. Environmental pathways have been identified and influx of lead, zinc and copper to the loch sediment has been detennined through the analyses of cores from each loch basin. Archaeological fieldsurvey and the re-examination of the results from mineral prospecting data across the study region provides new evidence on the geographical extent and contaminatory effects of leadmining in this area. This study shows how the effect of lead mining can be identified in the palaeoenvironrnental record from circa 1367 AD onwards, so mining in Islay does indeed predate the earliest known archaeological and historical records.
16
Schwenninger, Jean-Luc. « The evolution of coastal sand dunes in the southern isles of the Outer Hebrides of Scotland ». Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266855.
Texte intégral
17
Brayshay, Barbara A. « Pollen analysis and the vegetational history of Barra and South Uist in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1992. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10368/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study examines contemporary vegetation, pollen taphonomy and Holocene vegetation history across east-west trending environmental transects in the southern Outer Hebridean islands of South Uist and Barra. The pollen depositionalc haracteristicso f sixteenp lant communities are described and modern pollen deposition is found to reflect the distribution of major vegetation types on the islands. The history of Holocene vegetation is investigated at a number of sites which include exposed west coast inter-tidal peat deposits, wooded loch islands and pre-peat soils associated with archaeological features. These studies indicate that Holocene vegetation development followed a pattern typical for the region at similar latitudes. The early post-glacial vegetation mosaic of Empetrum heath, herb-rich grassland and dwarf shrub communities was progressivly altered by the subsequent establishment of predominantly deciduous woodlands. The pollen diagrams record an ordered sequence of tree migration to the islands in which Betula then Corylus were the first colonists followed later by Ulmus, Quercus, Pinus Alnus and Fraxinus. The scales of analysis employed in the study indicate that very local' pollen deposition is a characteristic of the islands' micro-fossil record - a feature which could be exploited in further archaeologically related studies. Woodland appears to have persisted in sheltered locations until c. 5,000 B. P. A gradual reduction of woodland from c. 5,000 B. P. was accompanied by an expansion of the herb-rich grassland and blanket bog communitiues which had been present on the islands from the early Holocene After c 4,000 B.P .w oodland decline accelerateda nd the grasslanda nd blanket peat communities increased to attain their present dominance in the islands vegetation. The vegetation changes recorded in the pollen diagrams are attributed to a combination of factors changing environmental conditions - such as the pedological effects of Holocene climatic conditions, sea level rise and human impacts. There is no archaeological evidence for mesolithic occupation of the islands, however at a point in the 'early' Holocene a brief episode of fluctuating woodland disturbance, charcoal and 'cereal type' pollen is noted at one east coast site, Loch Hellisdale. This data contributes to an increasing body of information which suggests some mesolithic presence along the eastern coast of South Uist.
18
Brennan, Ruth Eileen. « What lies beneath : probing the cultural depths of a nature conservation conflict in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland ». Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2016. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/what-lies-beneath(befa0ac7-9719-4cd8-841e-f782ebb3f58e).html.
Texte intégralRésumé :
On the island of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland, the challenges and forces conditioning the community are natural and social. Buffeted by the Atlantic sea and perched at the periphery of the most westerly inhabited islands in Scotland, linguistically different to mainland Scotland, religiously distinct from much of the rest of the Hebrides and bearing the psychological legacy of nineteenth century Highland Clearances, this case-study illustrates how a social-ecological system responds to the dominant narrative of conservation in the marine policy environment. This thesis explores the cultural depths of a conflict between the local community and the Scottish Government around the creation of two marine Special Areas of Conservation (mSAC) off the coast of the island. Barra's rich maritime heritage suggested the presence of embedded values that appeared to be colliding with values driving the mSAC designation process. Visual participatory methods were used to understand what 'conservation' means for the islanders and to find a way of connecting the worldviews of decision-makers with the marine environment lived and experienced by the local community. The story of Barra exposes the perils of isolating the human dimension of conservation and planning that ensures sustainable livelihoods from the natural ecosystem conservation dimension. It considers how challenging the dominant narrative of conservation through the articulation of competing realities can create space for different narratives to emerge. It provides insights into the role played by competing value systems in natural resource management and conservation conflicts.
19
Copper, Michael. « The same but better : understanding ceramic variation in the Hebridean Neolithic ». Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9064.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Over 22,000 sherds of pottery were recovered during the excavation of the
small islet of Eilean Dòmhnuill in North Uist in the late 1980s. Analysis of the
assemblage has demonstrated that all of the main vessel forms and
decorative motifs recognised at the site were already in place when settlement
began in the earlier 4th millennium BC and continued to be deposited at the
site until its abandonment over 800 years later. Statistically significant stylistic
variation is limited to slow drifts in the relative proportions of certain rim forms.
Across the Outer Hebrides, decorative elaboration and the presence of large
numbers of distinctive vessel forms would appear to mark out certain
assemblages seemingly associated with communal gathering and feasting
events at key locales within which a distinctive Hebridean Neolithic identity
was forged.
Throughout, this study takes a relational approach to the issue of variation in
material culture, viewing all archaeological entities as dynamic assemblages
that themselves form attributes of higher-level assemblages. It is argued that
the various constraints and affordances that arise within such assemblages
constitute significant structuring principles that give rise to commonly held
expectations and dispositions, resulting in the kind of constrained temporal
and spatial variation that we observe in the archaeological record and which in
turn gives rise to the concept of the archaeological culture.Faculty of Life Sciences at the University of Bradford
Erratum: Vol. 1: 196 and Vol. II: xii and 383 It should be noted that the Unstan-type bowl recorded as being from Loch Mor is actually from Loch Arnish (Chris Murray pers. comm.). The appendices including 'An Doirlinn Report and Illustrations' and 'St Kilda Report and Illustrations' are not available online due to copyright.
20
Maricevic, Darko. « Later prehistory of tiree and coll, Inner Hebrides, Scotland : Application of geophysics in archaeological investigation of cultural landscapes ». Thesis, University of Reading, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515784.
Texte intégral
21
Gauld, Richard Fraser. « Statutory protected areas and socio-political marginalisation : explaining resistance to SSSIs among crofters in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland ». Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322532.
Texte intégral
22
Copper, Michael. « The same but better : understanding ceramic variation in the Hebridean Neolithic ». Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9064.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Over 22,000 sherds of pottery were recovered during the excavation of the small islet of Eilean Dòmhnuill in North Uist in the late 1980s. Analysis of the assemblage has demonstrated that all of the main vessel forms and decorative motifs recognised at the site were already in place when settlement began in the earlier 4th millennium BC and continued to be deposited at the site until its abandonment over 800 years later. Statistically significant stylistic variation is limited to slow drifts in the relative proportions of certain rim forms. Across the Outer Hebrides, decorative elaboration and the presence of large numbers of distinctive vessel forms would appear to mark out certain assemblages seemingly associated with communal gathering and feasting events at key locales within which a distinctive Hebridean Neolithic identity was forged. Throughout, this study takes a relational approach to the issue of variation in material culture, viewing all archaeological entities as dynamic assemblages that themselves form attributes of higher-level assemblages. It is argued that the various constraints and affordances that arise within such assemblages constitute significant structuring principles that give rise to commonly held expectations and dispositions, resulting in the kind of constrained temporal and spatial variation that we observe in the archaeological record and which in turn gives rise to the concept of the archaeological culture.
23
Hamlet, Laura Elisabeth. « Anthropic sediments on the Scottish North Atlantic seaboard : nature, versatility and value of midden ». Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21175.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Traditionally archaeology has referred to the anthropic sediments accumulated around prehistoric settlements with the blanket term ‘midden’. This is now recognised as an inadequate term to describe the complex formation processes and functions represented in these sediments. This thesis reviewed the body of evidence accumulated over the past century of research into Neolithic and Bronze Age settlements on the islands of the Scottish North Atlantic seaboard and extrapolated the many occurrences of ‘midden’. Several contexts emerged for these sediments including interior floors, hearths, exterior occupational surfaces, dumped deposits, building construction materials and abandonment infill. In addition, ‘midden’ is described added to cultivated soils to form fertile anthrosols. The way in which prehistoric communities exploited this material for agriculture and construction has been described through geoarchaeological research which implied that to past communities ‘midden’ was a valuable resource. This led to the formation of a model based upon a human ecodynamics framework to hypothesise sediment formation pathways. Rescue excavation at the Links of Noltland, Westray provided an opportunity to conduct a holistic landscape and fine resolution based study of Neolithic and Bronze Age settlement to test this model. The research incorporated auger survey, archaeological and geoarchaeological excavation, thin section micromorphology and SEM EDX analyses. Sediments identified in literature review and recovered from the field site were described using this toolkit and set within a cultural and environmental context. Results demonstrate that anthropic materials were incorporated into all contexts examined. Discrete burning and maintenance activities were found to have taken place during the gradual accumulation of open-air anthropic sediments whilst incorporation of fuel residues and hearth waste into floors lead to the gradual formation of ‘living floors’ inside structures. An unexpected discovery was evidence of animal penning within late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age settlement and the in situ burning of stabling waste. Three types iv | P a g e of land management strategy which relied upon the input of anthropic sediments were evidenced and the range and extent of anthropic inclusions in the landscape recorded. Spatial interpolation of auger survey data utilised a new sub-surface modelling technique being developed by the British Geological Survey to explore soil stratigraphic relationships in 3D. SEM EDX analysis supported micromorphological analysis providing chemical data for discrete inclusions and assisting in the identification of herbivore dun ash and the Orcadian funerary product ‘cramp’. SEM EDX analysis was also applied to fine organo-mineral material for statistical testing of nutrient loadings across context groups. It was found that anthropic sediments were enriched in macro and intermediate plant nutrients Mg, P, K, S and Ca compared to geological controls, and the application of anthropic material to cultivated soils improved soil fertility for the three observed land management practices. The versatility of anthropic sediments was explored through discussion of context groups based upon the results of this research and the potential significance of this material to prehistoric communities is explored.
24
Mason, Andrew James. « Palaeoproterozoic evolution of the Lewisian complex of the Outer Hebrides, Northwest Scotland : the South Harris complex, a possible accreted island arc ? » Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30453.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Palaeoproterozoic evolution of the central Outer Hebrides can be explained by modern plate-tectonic processes and is consistent with the products of a Wilson cycle. Local continental crust comprising c. 2.8 Ga tonalitic orthogneiss underwent extension and rifting leading to the deposition of clastic sediments derived from a late Archaean source, and was followed by the emplacement of c. 2 Ga mafic dykes. The latter are probably not directly equivalent to the Scourie dykes of the Scottish mainland. Rupturing and the formation of an ocean basin followed, and this was subsequently subducted around 1.9 Ga leading to the development of a volcanic arc, which now forms much, but not all of the South Harris Complex. This arc was founded on continental crust formed in part by the c. 2.5 Ga South Harris anorthosite. During subsequent collision events the late Archaean tonalitic gneisses and enclosed dykes were sutured back together trapping arc and probable ophiolitic material in the process. The latter is concentrated in a major imbricate zone lying immediately NE of the arc rocks, and formed by the Langavat Belt. In addition to probable ophiolitic material, this zone includes Archaean-derived metasediments, and slivers of Archaean basement gneiss. This represents the most probable location of the major suture zone associated with the reassembly of the Archaean gneisses. Suturing was followed by the initiation of kilometre-scale post-collisional shear zones. One of these, the Langavat Shear Zone was initiated prior to -1740 Ma, and exploits the Langavat Belt imbricate zone. The evolution of the Lewisian Complex of the Outer Hebrides is closely comparable to the Nagssugtoqidian orogen of southern Greenland, with which it is correlated. In fact, the geology of the Outer Hebrides bears a closer affinity with the Nagssugtoqidian belt than it does to the Lewisian rocks of the Scottish mainland.
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Sugden, Heather. « High resolution palynological, multiple profile and radiocarbon dating studies of early human impacts and environmental change in the Inner Hebrides, Scotland ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10274/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Inner Hebrides comprise a diverse range of environments and vegetation, andarchaeological evidence suggests that people were interacting with these from early Holocene times. There are relatively few detailed palynological investigations from the islands for the early Holocene and not all the published data include quantification of microscopic charcoal which may assist in the interpretation of human impacts. Radiocarbon dates are also lacking from a number of the published profiles so that inter-site comparisons and comparisons with the archaeological record are difficult. Some pollen profiles from the Inner Hebrides contain possible indications of human impact in the first half of the Holocene (Lowe and Walker, 1986a; Andrews et al., 1987; Herons and Edwards, 1990; Edwards and Berridge, 1994). These profiles lack detail however, and it was clear that a multiple profile approach would provide a clearer picture of vegetation change and allow more confident interpretations of the pollen data. The coring of several sites would assist in defining the spatial differences in early Holocene vegetation within the islands and differences in the scale of human impacts which may reflect different types of interference. Multiple profiles were obtained from Loch a'Bhogaidh (Islay), A'Chrannag bog and Livingstone's Cave bog (Ulva) and Kinloch (Rum), all of which are close to areas of known Mesolithic occupation. A single core was obtained from Loch an t'Suidhe at Bunessan, south west Mull, from where there is currently no archaeological record for the Mesolithic. All cores were analysed for pollen and microscopic charcoal and AMS dates were obtained for all profiles. The results provide evidence for changes in vegetation due to climatic impacts and inferred Mesolithic activity. The possible effects of human influence vary from temporary woodland reductions to the creation of heathland and cereal cultivation. The use of multiple profiles is validated in that it provides an indication of spatial variation in inferred land use patterns over short timescales. The results are compared with previously published studies and the factors influencing the early Holocene spread of arboreal taxa, and the elm decline, are re-evaluated.
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Hobbs, Richard William. « Processing of a multichannel seismic reflection survey in the Hebridean region with special emphasis on improvements in velocity analysis ». Thesis, Durham University, 1985. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7614/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis presents the results of a multichannel reflection survey conducted off of the Western Isles of Scotland in 1981 in the Sea of the Hebrides region. Ten profiles were acquired to 12 seconds two-way time using an air-gun source and a 2.4 km 24 channel receiver, yielding 24 fold coverage with a gather spacing of 50 metres. The data have been processed at Durham using the reflection seismic processing software developed there over the past six years. The interpretation shows that the Mesozoic basins lie unconformably on up to 5 km thickness of Torridonian sediments, which in turn lie uncomformably on Lewisian crystalline basement. The presence of eastward dipping events in the basement are associated with thrust faults and are probably of Caledonian age. The later reactivation of these faults has controlled the formation of the Mesozoic basins. The thesis also contains details of the modifications made to both the computer hardware and the processing software of the Durham Seismic Processing System during the life-time of this project. The expansion of the facility has enabled a larger selection of faster algorithms to be written for the processing of multichannel reflection data. These include velocity filtering, autostatics and dip filtering routines. Particular attention has been given to the accurate determination of the velocity function used when processing the data and how this information may be used to help the geological interpretation.
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Arosio, Riccardo. « Late Devensian ice sheet dynamics and the deglaciation of the Hebridean shelf, western Scotland, UK ». Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2017. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/late-devensian-ice-sheet-dynamics-and-the-deglaciation-of-the-hebridean-shelf-western-scotland-uk(5da41b09-53fd-46ac-8228-bc6d40bd61fa).html.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The reconstruction of marine-based paleo ice sheet dynamics can reveal long-term ice sheet activity, and in turn provide constraints on the response of modern marine ice sheets (e.g. the West Antarctica Ice Sheet) to climate change. The marine-terminating Hebrides Ice Stream (HIS) flowed across the western Scottish shelf during the last glacial maximum (3024 ka) and drained a large portion of the northern sector of the British Irish-Ice Sheet (BIIS), affecting its stability. This thesis aims to examine how the HIS evolved and interacted with the changing climate and the underlying landscape after 27 ka. The work is subdivided into: a) an investigation of modern high-resolution bathymetry data coupled with seismic data with the aim of reconstructing deglacial dynamics; b) the analysis of Pb isotopic composition in sediment cores on the shelf in order to locate glacial sediment provenance; c) a study of Hebrides shelf core sedimentology and microfaunal assemblage to reconstruct Lateglacial paleoenvironmental changes. A three-stage deglacial pattern, where topography played a critical role, is defined: i) ice stream margin retreat punctuated by standstills, ii) topography-controlled fjordic retreat, with evolution from a coherent ice-sheet to separate fjord tidewater glaciers, and iii) a stabilisation at the transition from tidewater to land-based ice margins. Between 21 and 15 ka, fine-grained sediments transported by meltwater plumes were the product of erosion of Neoproterozoic basement, while the coarse-grained sediments were instead sourced from island igneous rocks. These results indicate prevailing sediment input from NW Scotland. Lateglacial sediment deposition was strongly influenced by shelf currents and shows wide variation. Therefore, the seismic and sedimentological interpretations need to be considered only on a local scale. Glacimarine sandy deposits in the Muck Deep region support a prolonged glacial occupancy until the latest stages of GS-1 (12.8-11.7 ka), and are at odds with recent studies indicating earlier glacial retreat. The thesis demonstrates the complex interactions between BIIS evolution, subglacial landscape and ocean dynamics. The outcome of this research can be useful to inform future numerical reconstructions.
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Morgan, Ailig Peadar Morgan. « Ethnonyms in the place-names of Scotland and the Border counties of England ». Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4164.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study has collected and analysed a database of place-names containing potential ethnonymic elements. Competing models of ethnicity are investigated and applied to names about which there is reasonable confidence. A number of motivations for employment of ethnonyms in place-names emerge. Ongoing interaction between ethnicities is marked by reference to domain or borderland, and occasional interaction by reference to resource or transit. More superficial interaction is expressed in names of commemorative, antiquarian or figurative motivation. The implications of the names for our understanding of the history of individual ethnicities are considered. Distribution of Walh-names has been extended north into Scotland; but reference may be to Romance-speaking feudal incomers, not the British. Briton-names are confirmed in Cumberland and are found on and beyond the fringes of the polity of Strathclyde. Dumbarton, however, is an antiquarian coining. Distribution of Cumbrian-names suggests that the south side of the Solway Firth was not securely under Cumbrian influence; but also that the ethnicity, expanding in the tenth century, was found from the Ayrshire coast to East Lothian, with the Saxon culture under pressure in the Southern Uplands. An ethnonym borrowed from British in the name Cumberland and the Lothian outlier of Cummercolstoun had either entered northern English dialect or was being employed by the Cumbrians themselves to coin these names in Old English. If the latter, such self-referential pronouncement in a language contact situation was from a position of status, in contrast to the ethnicism of the Gaels. Growing Gaelic self-awareness is manifested in early-modern domain demarcation and self-referential naming of routes across the cultural boundary. But by the nineteenth century cultural change came from within, with the impact felt most acutely in west-mainland and Hebridean Argyll, according to the toponymic evidence. Earlier interfaces between Gaelic and Scots are indicated on the east of the Firth of Clyde by the early fourteenth century, under the Sidlaws and in Buchan by the fifteenth, in Caithness and in Perthshire by the sixteenth. Earlier, Norse-speakers may have referred to Gaels in the hills of Kintyre. The border between Scotland and England was toponymically marked, but not until the modern era. In Carrick, Argyll and north and west of the Great Glen, Albanians were to be contrasted, not necessarily linguistically, from neighbouring Gaelic-speakers; Alba is probably to be equated with the ancient territory of Scotia. Early Scot-names, recorded from the twelfth century, similarly reflect expanding Scotian influence in Cumberland and Lothian. However, late instances refer to Gaelic-speakers. Most Eireannach-names refer to wedder goats rather than the ethnonym, but residual Gaelic-speakers in east Dumfriesshire are indicated by Erisch-names at the end of the fifteenth century or later. Others west into Galloway suggest an earlier Irish immigration, probably as a consequence of normanisation and of engagement in Irish Sea politics. Other immigrants include French estate administrators, Flemish wool producers and English feudal subjects. The latter have long been discussed, but the relationship of the north-eastern Ingliston-names to mottes is rejected, and that of the south-western Ingleston-names is rather to former motte-hills with degraded fortifications. Most Dane-names are also antiquarian, attracted less by folk memory than by modern folklore. The Goill could also be summoned out of the past to explain defensive remains in particular. Antiquarianism in the eighteenth century onwards similarly ascribed many remains to the Picts and the Cruithnians, though in Shetland a long-standing supernatural association with the Picts may have been maintained. Ethnicities were invoked to personify past cultures, but ethnonyms also commemorate actual events, typified by Sasannach-names. These tend to recall dramatic, generally fatal, incidents, usually involving soldiers or sailors. Any figures of secular authority or hostile activity from outwith the community came to be considered Goill, but also agents of ecclesiastical authority or economic activity and passing travellers by land or sea. The label Goill, ostensibly providing 178 of the 652 probable ethnonymic database entries, is in most names no indication of ethnicity, culture or language. It had a medieval geographical reference, however, to Hebrideans, and did develop renewed, early-modern specificity in response to a vague concept of Scottish society outwith the Gaelic cultural domain. The study concludes by considering the forms of interaction between ethnicities and looking at the names as a set. It proposes classification of those recalled in the names as overlord, interloper or native.
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Morrison, Donald Anthony. « Islands in an ocean of change : an examination of cultural change in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland, through the lives and experiences of its people ». Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/16187.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Culture is a dynamic entity that changes and adapts over time. However, as our
world grows increasingly interconnected, indigenous cultures throughout the world are
being assimilated into a 'global' culture, and losing many of the attributes that keep them
unique. For instance, the traditional culture of the Outer Hebrides of Scotland is being
squeezed between the need for increased development and modernization, and the desire
to remain distinct and separate from the cultures of Britain and the world beyond. The
Outer Hebrides is an archipelago lying off the northwest coast of Scotland, and is the last
stronghold of Gaelic cultural heritage. This thesis examines the cultural changes that have
taken place in the Outer Hebrides, as a result of development and modernization
throughout the past century. It undertakes this investigation through the eyes of those
who have witnessed the changes firsthand, by using research methods that have not yet
become common in the planning profession; namely, the use of story and life histories to
gather data for further analysis. A quantitative questionnaire was also employed to
determine which elements of the traditional culture Hebrideans consider most important,
and to provide balance to the qualitative research data. The data generated through the
Hebridean field research reveals how the traditional culture of the islands has changed
over the decades, and also points to ways that planners can aid development while
fostering cultural preservation at the same time. Recommendations for innovative
strategies are then made based on the collected data. Ultimately, this thesis reveals that
the use of story and life histories represents valid methodology for planning research,
while the collected stories from the elderly informants represent an act of cultural
preservation on its own.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
30
Armit, Ian, et F. Shapland. « Death and Display in the North Atlantic : The Bronze and Iron Age Human Remains from Cnip, Lewis, Outer Hebrides ». 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9307.
Texte intégralRésumé :
YesThis paper revisits the series of disarticulated human remains discovered during the 1980s excavations of the Cnip wheelhouse complex in Lewis. Four fragments of human bone, including two worked cranial fragments, were originally dated to the 1st centuries BC/AD based on stratigraphic association. Osteoarchaeological reanalysis and AMS dating now provide a broader cultural context for these remains and indicate that at least one adult cranium was brought to the site more than a thousand years after the death of the individual to whom it had belonged.
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Montgomery, Janet, et J. A. Evans. « Immigrants on the Isle of Lewis - combining traditional funerary and modern isotope evidence to investigate social differentiation, migration and dietary change in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland ». 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2490.
Texte intégral
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Armit, Ian. « Irish-Scottish connections in the 1st millennium AD : an evaluation of the links between souterrain ware and Hebridean ceramics ». 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4523.
Texte intégralRésumé :
NoAlthough some limited consideration has been given to the possibility of links between the early medieval ceramic traditions of the Western Isles and the souterrain ware of north-east Ireland, these have tended to be framed in the context of supposed Dalriadic cultural infl uence fl owing from Ireland to Scotland. A re-evaluation of the possible relationships between these pottery styles suggests that souterrain ware might instead be seen as part of a regional expansion of western Scottish pottery styles in the seventh¿eighth centuries AD. This raises the question of what social processes might underlie the cross-regional patterning evident in what remains a vernacular, rather than a high-status, technology.
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Montgomery, Janet, J. A. Evans et T. Neighbour. « Sr Isotope Evidence for Population Movement Within the Hebridean Norse Community of NW Scotland ». 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2790.
Texte intégralRésumé :
NoThe excavation at Cnip, Isle of Lewis, Scotland of the largest, and only known family cemetery from the early Norse period in the Hehrides, provided a unique opportunity to use Sr isotope analysis to examine the origins of people who may have been Norwegian Vikings. Sr isotope analysis permits direct investigation of a person's place of origin rather than indirectly through acquired cultural and artefactual affiliations. Sr isotope data suggest that the Norse group at Cnip was of mixed origins. The majority were consistent with indigenous origins but two individuals, of middle-age and different sex. were immigrants. They were, however, not from Norway but were raised separately, most probably on Tertiary volcanic rocks (e.g. the Inner Hebrides or NE Ireland) or, for the female, on marine carbonate rocks.