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1
PECORA, NICOLO'. « Razionalità limitata e aspettative eterogenee nelle dinamiche economiche ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/2430.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In questo lavoro viene analizzata la possibilità che le fluttuazioni economiche possano essere descritte attraverso l'interazione di agenti a razionalità limitata. Accanto a questa ipotesi, si assume anche che gli agenti sono eterogenei. Questi due elementi si inseriscono all'interno del contesto economico che è visto come un sistema complesso in evoluzione popolato da agenti che interagiscono tra loro impiegando differenti strategie decisionali. Questa tesi si sviluppa su tre modelli di riferimento, sviluppati in capitoli separati. Nel primo si studia un mercato immobiliare utilizzando un modello di equilibrio parziale in cui l'ipotesi di aspettative razionali è sostituita da un meccanismo di interazione fra cartisti e fondamentalisti, che è in grado di generare endogenamente lo sviluppo di fasi di boom e bust. Nel secondo viene mostrato come la selezione evolutiva tra diverse strategie di previsione possa spiegare il coordinamento fra comportamenti individuali. Nel terzo si considera un semplice modello macroeconomico costituito da domanda aggregata, offerta aggregata e una regola di politica monetaria per analizzare aspetti quali l'effetto stabilizzante delle diverse politiche monetarie in un sistema popolato da agenti eterogenei.We investigate the possibility that economic fluctuations can be explained through the interaction of boundedly rational agents, that is, agents are not assumed to be rational. In deviating from rationality and modeling agents as boundedly rational, it is often assumed that agents are heterogeneous. Bounded rationality and learning in a complex environment naturally fit with heterogeneous expectations, with the economy viewed as complex evolving system composed of many different interacting agents, using different decision strategies. This thesis is built around three main economic frameworks, which are developed in separate chapters. In chapter 2 we study the housing market using a partial equilibrium model in which the rational expectations hypothesis is relaxed in favor of chartist-fundamentalist mechanism to allow for the endogenous development of bubbles. In chapter 3 we present evidence that evolutionary selection among different forecasting heterogeneous heuristics can explain coordination on individual behavior. In chapter 4 we consider a simple model made up by the standard aggregate demand function, the New Keynesian Phillips curve and a Taylor rule to deal with different issues, such as the stabilizing effect of different monetary policies in a system populated by heterogeneous agents.
2
PECORA, NICOLO'. « Razionalità limitata e aspettative eterogenee nelle dinamiche economiche ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/2430.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In questo lavoro viene analizzata la possibilità che le fluttuazioni economiche possano essere descritte attraverso l'interazione di agenti a razionalità limitata. Accanto a questa ipotesi, si assume anche che gli agenti sono eterogenei. Questi due elementi si inseriscono all'interno del contesto economico che è visto come un sistema complesso in evoluzione popolato da agenti che interagiscono tra loro impiegando differenti strategie decisionali. Questa tesi si sviluppa su tre modelli di riferimento, sviluppati in capitoli separati. Nel primo si studia un mercato immobiliare utilizzando un modello di equilibrio parziale in cui l'ipotesi di aspettative razionali è sostituita da un meccanismo di interazione fra cartisti e fondamentalisti, che è in grado di generare endogenamente lo sviluppo di fasi di boom e bust. Nel secondo viene mostrato come la selezione evolutiva tra diverse strategie di previsione possa spiegare il coordinamento fra comportamenti individuali. Nel terzo si considera un semplice modello macroeconomico costituito da domanda aggregata, offerta aggregata e una regola di politica monetaria per analizzare aspetti quali l'effetto stabilizzante delle diverse politiche monetarie in un sistema popolato da agenti eterogenei.We investigate the possibility that economic fluctuations can be explained through the interaction of boundedly rational agents, that is, agents are not assumed to be rational. In deviating from rationality and modeling agents as boundedly rational, it is often assumed that agents are heterogeneous. Bounded rationality and learning in a complex environment naturally fit with heterogeneous expectations, with the economy viewed as complex evolving system composed of many different interacting agents, using different decision strategies. This thesis is built around three main economic frameworks, which are developed in separate chapters. In chapter 2 we study the housing market using a partial equilibrium model in which the rational expectations hypothesis is relaxed in favor of chartist-fundamentalist mechanism to allow for the endogenous development of bubbles. In chapter 3 we present evidence that evolutionary selection among different forecasting heterogeneous heuristics can explain coordination on individual behavior. In chapter 4 we consider a simple model made up by the standard aggregate demand function, the New Keynesian Phillips curve and a Taylor rule to deal with different issues, such as the stabilizing effect of different monetary policies in a system populated by heterogeneous agents.
3
Di, Gaetano Luigi. « Essays in Applied Game Theory ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1358.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This Thesis is a collection of three essays on applications of game theory to contexts such as licence and patents and, in general, to cultural products and cultural industries.
The first paper develops a model which tries to analyse incentives of corporate donations to open source. Opens source software (OSS) is developed by firms and individuals, and distributed for free. However, these contributions can hardly be explained by the usual considerations, such as the well known warm glow.
In the paper we develop the idea that companies, instead, may use open source software (OSS) as a strategic variable, in a market in which hardware and software are complements.
Hardware firms may be willing to develop OSS in order to decrease the market power of the software producer, in order to charge a greater mark--up.
Moreover, due to the characteristics of information and public good of OSS, it is very interesting to study the welfare effects of strategic interactions and public intervention to support OSS.
Results are several, positive (private) contributions are possible; although, they are not socially optimal. OSS availability has a positive impact on hardware firms' profits and prices, and on social welfare. Software monopolist's profits and price decrease when OSS is available. The effect on the price of the hardware-closed source bundle depends on model parameters: when demand own-price elasticity is relatively high, it increases with respect to the case in which OSS is not developed.
In the second paper, we develop a similar topic by further consider the field of intellectual property. In our vision we think that incomplete information may affect strategic interactions in a system in which patent assessment is not perfectly reliable.
In this model we try to define patent complexity as the degree of difficulty in properly understanding the boundaries (breath) of a patent. Patent complexity determines the degree of spillovers of information released to the potential entrant.
We build a Bayesian game and try to understand if firms can exploit asymmetric information and patent complexity to avoid entry and for other competitive behaviours.
Results are several. Entry deterrence is possible for certain values of parameters. There is an incentive in increasing the complexity, although, there exists an upper-bound which is inefficient, for the incumbent, to cross; this upper--bound is determined by the credibility of the strategic threat.
In the last paper we continue using a Bayesian approach to derive a game theoretic model. We investigate the selection of artists by a gallery with adverse selection and moral hazard and derive an optimal mechanism for cultural industries.
The model accounts for the possibility that artists' output is not homogeneous. Moreover, we think that being recognised as innovative by a system of gate-keepers could affect the price as well. These two characteristics create a market power, which can be exploited by galleries.
We study the relationship between innovation and productivity/creativity in the artist job market, as well as for the effect of gate--keepers in the art market. In a Bayesian-Nash equilibrium, the choice of the Gallery will depend on the artists' characteristics, as well on the gallery's market power. Furthermore, we find that a segmented market with gate-keeping, where some artists have no opportunity to bid to join a top gallery, has a negative impact on innovation.
4
Portale, Cristian. « Gli impatti socio economici dei grandi formati distributivi sul territorio analisi e prospettive per la realtà siciliana ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/965.
Texte intégral
5
Cicala, Giuseppe. « I SUAP, strumento di efficienza economica ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3805.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La presente tesi di dottorato, dal titolo I SUAP, strumento di efficienza economica , è incentrata sugli Sportelli Unici per le Attività Produttive, la cui esistenza fu prescritta con la legge Bassanini (D. Lgs. 31 marzo 1998, n. 112) in ogni amministrazione, quale referente unico per tutte le pratiche delle imprese.
In un sistema economico che impone di individuare la concorrenza come modello cui tendere per assicurare la virtuosità della competizione economica, i SUAP diventano strumento efficace a servizio della Pubblica Amministrazione nella eliminazione degli ostacoli che limitano di fatto il pieno svolgimento dei diritti economici dell individuo (artt. 41 e 117 Cost.).
Sono stati rappresentati gli strumenti amministrativi volti alla riduzione dei costi burocratici e all abbattimento delle barriere allo startup , le problematiche irrisolte sulla corretta operatività del nuovo regolamento SUAP (D.P.R. n. 160/2010) e, infine, considerato il ruolo della Regione nell attuazione della riforma.
In conclusione, sono state sviluppate alcune considerazioni sulla necessità di implementare lo strumento come garanzia di efficienza per le imprese, in vista di un duplice obiettivo: risparmi pubblici per effetto delle economie di scala che si generano dall attuazione omogenea della riforma; riduzione dei costi per le imprese, sia in termini diretti (come il costo per l acquisizione di informazioni) che indiretti (in termini di miglioramento del rapporto costo-opportunità dell impiego di risorse).
6
Di, Caro Paolo. « Recessions, Recoveries and Regional Resilience : an econometric perspective ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1540.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Three chapters constitute the main structure of this contribution. Chapter I reviews selected theoretical and empirical approaches dealing with regional evolution in order to identify recent developments and extensions incorporating spatial econometrics techniques. Chapter II investigates transient and permanent asymmetric effects of national-wide recessions across Italian regions during the last thirty years, by proposing the recent resilience framework as an helpful synthesis. Chapter III studies the determinants of the uneven cross-regional behaviour during crises and recoveries, by presenting two complementary econometric models, namely a linear vector error correction (VECM) model and a non-linear smooth-transition autoregressive (STAR) specification.
Some of the main results here obtained are: regions within the same country differ in terms of both shock-absorption and post-recession pattern; the broad impact of a common shock shall take into account temporary and persistent effects; differences in recessions and recoveries among areas can be motivated by some elements such as industrial structure, export propensity, human and civic capital, and financial constraints. Moreover, the presence of spatial interdependencies and neighbouring interactions can play a relevant role.
Moving from some of the results here presented, the desirable next step should be addressed towards a deeper analysis of the determinants of regional heterogeneity during recessions and recoveries, cross-country comparisons, the development of a more structured theoretical and empirical background, the assessment of the place-specific impact of countercyclical policies. These and other questions are left for future research.
7
Nicotra, Giuseppe. « Evasione fiscale in Italia, modelli a confronto ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1539.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L'evasione fiscale influenza la finanza pubblica e il livello dei servizi pubblici attraverso diversi canali. Rilevare e valutare le dimensioni di evasione fiscale, è molto importante. Utilizzando un dataset originale su verifiche fiscali in Italia, si stima la distribuzione e le determinanti di evasione fiscale tra le regioni italiane nel periodo 2007-2011. Problemi di endogeneità e modelli spaziali sono considerati nell'inchiesta econometrico, fornendo un'immagine precisa del perché e dove le persone non pagano le tasse. Alcuni aspetti critici e proposte politiche sono definitivamente avanzate.
8
Mina', Anna. « Genesis and conceptualization of coopetition strategy ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1168.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This dissertation has a specific objective: to explore the processes underlying the genesis and affirmation of coopetition as management innovation. We asked: what are the microfoundations of coopetition? In what ways is coopetition considered a management innovation? Is it possible to identify generally applicable criteria to recognize coopetition concept? And, finally, is coopetition a new way of looking at interfirm relationships, or more simply a reconceptualization of an old phenomena?
9
Picone, Pasquale Massimo. « Conglomerate diversification strategy and corporate performance ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1167.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The object of this dissertation is to discern the main variables that are instrumental in creating or destroying value in conglomerate diversification strategy. Its development is the result of a path of research along a fertile area that lies at the intersection of strategic management, corporate finance and organization theory.
10
Raineri, Marco. « Gli investimenti in ICT quali scelte strategiche per il miglioramento delle performance aziendali ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1607.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La ricerca persegue l obiettivo di analizzare la presenza, l entità e le caratteristiche delle correlazioni tra gli investimenti in ICT e le performance finali di profitto, di rischio di credito e di patrimonializzazione nella doppia prospettiva teorica dell IT Paradox e del Capital Deepening. La prima, fa riferimento al paradosso secondo cui all aumentare delle dotazioni di capitale tecnologico si manifesti un pay-off inversamente correlato (o non correlato) nelle misure di output prescelte; la seconda, postula l ipotesi secondo cui all aumentare degli investimenti pro-capite per lavoratore del fattore di produzione K (il capitale) si possa generare uno speculare miglioramento dell output finale in termini quantitativi e/o qualitativi. Il campione statistico osservato è composto dal 91% dei gruppi bancari italiani nel periodo 2007 2011. La metodologia di ricerca si esplica in dodici modelli di regressione lineare calcolati con la tecnica dei minimi quadrati e le variabili dipendenti individuate riguardano i tradizionali indici di profitto ROE e ROA, il "rischio di credito" e i solvency ratios Total Capital Ratio e Tier1 Capital Ratio; in aggiunta, per colmare le istanze evidenziate dalla letteratura, si è strutturato un ulteriore indice di profitto dato dalla raccolta diretta normalizzata al total asset (RDN). I risultati ottenuti sono eterogenei in quanto in linea con gli assunti dell IT Paradox in relazione alle performance sulla RDN, il rischio di credito e i solvency ratios mentre, viceversa, emergono chiare correlazioni dirette e statisticamente significative tra le dotazioni tecnologiche e le misure di profitto ROE e ROA. Con riguardo alla letteratura sul Capital Deepening, non risultano confermati i presupposti teorici in termini di produttività per dipendente e investimenti tecnologici per motivi di significatività statistica se non in determinati casi e per ammontari comunque contenuti.
11
TOFFOLI, LORENZO. « Analisi multisettoriale per politiche socio-economiche : il caso del sistema educativo ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6357.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Questa tesi è una raccolta di tre saggi di economia multisettoriale applicata. L'obiettivo è la progettazione di politiche economiche per il sistema educativo degli Stati Uniti. Un miglioramento delle prestazioni del sistema educativo può avere effetti positivi sullo sviluppo socio-economico del paese. Il metodo di analisi adottato è l'approccio della matrice di contabilità sociale, in inglese Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). I modelli multisettoriali basati sulla SAM estendono l'analisi input-output tradizionale ai problemi della generazione e distribuzione del reddito e della formazione della domanda finale. L'impiego di modelli multisettoriali statici e dinamici basati sulla SAM mostra che politiche per l'istruzione progettate in modo appropriato possono stimolare la produzione di capitale umano, l'attività produttiva e la formazione di reddito contribuendo, allo stesso tempo, alla stabilizzazione del deficit del governo federale degli Stati Uniti. Il primo capitolo descrive le SAM per gli Stati Uniti per gli anni 2009 e 2012 e spiega come compilare una SAM. Il secondo descrive un modello multisettoriale statico e presenta alcune politiche per l'istruzione. Il terzo descrive un modello multisettoriale dinamico e presenta alcune politiche per l'istruzione. Le politiche proposte si dimostrano adatte a contrastare crisi e recessione e possono indicare una strada verso stabilità economica e crescita.This dissertation is a collection of three essays on applied multisectoral analysis. The aim is to design and evaluate policies for the education system of the US. Good performances in terms of education have positive externalities on the social and economic development of a country. The methodology adopted is the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) approach, which extends traditional input-output analysis to income generation and distribution and final demand formation. Policy design and evaluation carried out through static and dynamic SAM-based multisectoral models show that well-conceived policies for education can stimulate the accumulation of human capital, production and income while contributing to the stabilization of the federal budget deficit of the US. The first chapter describes the SAMs for the US for the years 2009 and 2012 and shows how to assemble a basic SAM from readily available statistics. The second chapter discusses a static SAM-based multisectoral model and policy applications. The third chapter discusses a dynamic SAM-based multisectoral model and policy applications. The policies proposed in the second and third chapter prove to be effective in contrasting output and income downturns and can show a way for economic growth and stability.
12
TOFFOLI, LORENZO. « Analisi multisettoriale per politiche socio-economiche : il caso del sistema educativo ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6357.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Questa tesi è una raccolta di tre saggi di economia multisettoriale applicata. L'obiettivo è la progettazione di politiche economiche per il sistema educativo degli Stati Uniti. Un miglioramento delle prestazioni del sistema educativo può avere effetti positivi sullo sviluppo socio-economico del paese. Il metodo di analisi adottato è l'approccio della matrice di contabilità sociale, in inglese Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). I modelli multisettoriali basati sulla SAM estendono l'analisi input-output tradizionale ai problemi della generazione e distribuzione del reddito e della formazione della domanda finale. L'impiego di modelli multisettoriali statici e dinamici basati sulla SAM mostra che politiche per l'istruzione progettate in modo appropriato possono stimolare la produzione di capitale umano, l'attività produttiva e la formazione di reddito contribuendo, allo stesso tempo, alla stabilizzazione del deficit del governo federale degli Stati Uniti. Il primo capitolo descrive le SAM per gli Stati Uniti per gli anni 2009 e 2012 e spiega come compilare una SAM. Il secondo descrive un modello multisettoriale statico e presenta alcune politiche per l'istruzione. Il terzo descrive un modello multisettoriale dinamico e presenta alcune politiche per l'istruzione. Le politiche proposte si dimostrano adatte a contrastare crisi e recessione e possono indicare una strada verso stabilità economica e crescita.This dissertation is a collection of three essays on applied multisectoral analysis. The aim is to design and evaluate policies for the education system of the US. Good performances in terms of education have positive externalities on the social and economic development of a country. The methodology adopted is the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) approach, which extends traditional input-output analysis to income generation and distribution and final demand formation. Policy design and evaluation carried out through static and dynamic SAM-based multisectoral models show that well-conceived policies for education can stimulate the accumulation of human capital, production and income while contributing to the stabilization of the federal budget deficit of the US. The first chapter describes the SAMs for the US for the years 2009 and 2012 and shows how to assemble a basic SAM from readily available statistics. The second chapter discusses a static SAM-based multisectoral model and policy applications. The third chapter discusses a dynamic SAM-based multisectoral model and policy applications. The policies proposed in the second and third chapter prove to be effective in contrasting output and income downturns and can show a way for economic growth and stability.
13
Caprile, Paolo. « Intese orizzontali anticompetitive : un'analisi giureconomica degli strumenti rimediali ». Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200755.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Il rapporto tra l'attuazione privatistica e pubblicistica del divieto di cartelli in una prospettiva di analisi economica. La necessità dell'intervento autonomo dei privati nell'indagine sulla anticoncorrenzialità del cartello. Verso un modello efficiente di private enforcement delle intese orizzontali anticompetitive. Problematiche maggiori legate allo sviluppo del private enforcement. Il processo di armonizzazione e il private enforcement delle intese orizzontali anticompetitive.
14
Lo, Giudice Agata Stella Maria Bianca. « La dichiarazione ambientale di prodotto come strumento di sviluppo sostenibile di un territorio. Il distretto industriale della ceramica di Caltagirone ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/968.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La storia della ceramica in Sicilia è strettamente connessa con quella delle sue città e, soprattutto, del territorio che, con le sue risorse materiali, ha, da sempre, favorito lo sviluppo di attività artigianali legate all arte fittile.
Nonostante l evidente crisi che il settore sta attraversando, appare importante sottolineare il ruolo fondamentale che, ancora oggi, la ceramica ha nell economia e nel tessuto sociale siciliano: il sistema produttivo ceramico, infatti, è uno dei pochi sistemi produttivi ad essere citato, come punta di eccellenza, nel documento della Regione Sicilia Strategia regionale per l innovazione 2007-2013 .
Questa crisi, se da una parte rappresenta, sicuramente, un fattore negativo dall altro lato, se ben sfruttata, potrebbe rappresentare anche un opportunità di rilancio per questo ambito produttivo.
In tale contesto si inserisce l idea di questo elaborato che ha come obiettivo quello di proporre, accanto agli usuali marchi di qualità ed eccellenza delle produzione, l utilizzo di uno dei marchi ambientali volontari di III tipo attualmente più diffuso, l EPD, nell ambito di uno dei distretti più rilevanti a livello non solo regionale ma anche italiano e internazionale: quello della ceramica artistica e tradizionale di Caltagirone.
L adozione di un sistema di questo, convalidato da una terza parte indipendente, potrebbe contribuire a sottolineare, da una parte, l impegno alla tutela dell ambiente degli artigiani e, dall altra, e costituire un valido strumento di valorizzazione e differenziazione, sul mercato, dei prodotti ceramici calatini e, di conseguenza, anche del territorio dove essi hanno origine; in più, porrebbe rappresentare un ulteriore segno distintivo per proteggere, e tutelare, i prodotti tipici e difenderli dalla concorrenza (es: dalle imitazioni cinesi).
15
Lorenzini, Lucia. « Finanziamento del Ssn nel nuovo modello costituzionale italiano ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1155.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La ricerca effettuata ha per oggetto lo studio del finanziamento del Servizio sanitario nazionale (Ssn) secondo i principi dettati dal nuovo modello costituzionale italiano. Ci si sofferma in particolare sulle problematiche relative alle difficoltà interpretative che sorgono dalla lettura di ciascun comma dell'articolo 119 Cost. Si ricostruiscono le tappe storiche che il Ssn ha vissuto dalla legge n. 833 del 1978, che lo ha istituito, alla legge n. 42/2009. In considerazione del fatto che la riforma sul federalismo fiscale del 2009, diverrà efficacemente operativa solo dal 2013, si cerca di studiare il contributo economico che la stessa fornisce. Tale sistema innovativo, che rappresenta il primo motore della riforma, crea una razionalizzazione della spesa rapportata appunto ai costi standard necessari per garantire sul territorio nazionale il finanziamento globale dei livelli essenziali delle prestazioni (Lep) concernenti i diritti civili e sociali di cui alla lett. m) dell art. 117 secondo comma della Costituzione. Si analizzano, così, le problematiche sottese alla concreta esecuzione della riforma, considerando che ogni ente regionale ha un fabbisogno effettivo pari a F_i= G_i- T_i , e si cerca altresì, di individuare come sia necessario che lo Stato operi all interno del finanziamento delle spese essenziali e non, sia per le Regioni autonome quanto a capacità fiscale sia per quelle più povere. Il tutto al fine di raggiungere la situazione di bilancio pubblico in pareggio in ogni Regione. Si volge lo sguardo, poi, sull andamento della spesa nella pubblica amministrazione, ponendo riguardo alle questioni evidenziate da alcuni studiosi sugli sprechi di spesa in sanità, e prospettando un eventuale percorso praticabile per ottimizzare le entrate pubbliche ed apportare un miglioramento all azione amministrativa in ambito sanitario.
Nel terzo capitolo, infine, si esamina il d.lgs. n. 68 del 2011, quinto decreto di attuazione della legge n. 42 sul federalismo fiscale, che ha disciplinato ancor più nel dettaglio l autonomia di entrata delle Regioni a statuto ordinario, il sistema perequativo regionale ed i criteri di determinazione di costi e fabbisogni standard nel settore sanitario. In quest ultima parte del lavoro vengono studiati i concreti criteri guida per individuare il costo standard e di seguito i fabbisogni standard regionali e quello nazionale totale. Infine, si prendono in considerazione alcune simulazioni svolte da importanti centri studio nazionali negli ultimi mesi, cercando di mettere in luce gli scostamenti di ciascuna Regione italiana dal livello di standard. Vengono, in tal modo, presentati indici sintetici di qualità delle prestazioni e di infrastrutturazione in sanità e si individuano le correzioni di spesa che dovrebbero essere compiute dalle Regioni per omologarsi alla standardizzazione stessa.
In tal modo si è concluso che qualora le Regioni meno virtuose non riuscissero ad uniformare la propria spesa sanitaria ai parametri standardizzati, tra circa quarant anni il trend potenziale di tale spesa potrebbe addirittura raddoppiare la propria incidenza attuale sul PIL da cui discenderebbe senz altro una notevole riduzione delle risorse da riservare agli altri istituti essenziali del Welfare. Servirà, pertanto, una governance in grado di promuovere l efficienza in tal senso e di operare con scelte efficaci basate sulla priorità dell erogazione di prestazioni essenziali, finanziando in maniera molto più selettiva le prestazioni sanitarie regionali e diminuendo la divaricazione tra spesa potenziale e risorse disponibili. In caso contrario saranno le Regioni con un economia più debole, con elevati gap di qualità, infrastrutture ed efficienza, a sperimentare sicuramente un processo di declino e degradamento più rapido.
16
Vaccarella, Giuseppe. « L'Imo-Drsa applicata alla gestione delle scorte ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1382.
Texte intégralRésumé :
IL lavoro consiste in un'applicazione alla problematica dell'inventory management dell' IMO-DRSA e della DRSA in condizioni di incertezza. Tale lavoro rappresenta un importante cambiamento di prospettiva nell'approccio al problema. Infatti, passando da una logica mono obiettivo ad una multi obiettivo consente di evitare tutta una serie di limitazioni e vincoli strutturali dei classici modelli. L' IMO-DRSA inoltre essendo una procedura di ottimizzazione interattiva, permette di eliminare l'effetto black- box dei tradizionali modelli.
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Gitto, Lara Nicoletta Angela. « Analysis of the quality of hospital care : methodological and empirical issues in the Italian context ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1359.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The issue of quality in healthcare has constituted the object of several literature studies during the last decades. Many analyses have been carried out, for the most part in the EU and in the US, with the objective to define quality of hospital care and to identify appropriate indicators to measure it.
This dissertation is aimed at analyzing quality of hospital care, considering aspects related to demand, supply and institutional factors, among which there is the modality of reimbursement. The observed scenario (Italy) is characterised by heterogeneity in the provision of health care; in fact, after the reforms intervened during the last 20 years, the Italian NHS is organised on a regional basis.
Data employed in a cross section analysis, run for the year 2009, are those of the National Program for the Evaluation of health outcomes, carried out by the Ministry of Health with AGENAS. Other information about hospital structures have been extracted from the Ministry of Health database. Five different datasets, one for each outcome indicator, have been built.
A random intercept model and a truncated regression have been applied, considering, as dependent variables, health outcomes related to 30 days mortality and readmission rates for specific conditions (acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). A positive impact on quality of hospital care due to the reimbursement systems was found: variables related to the extent of DRGs tariff implementation and the choice for a regional tariff were significantly correlated with quality indicators.
Finally, an efficiency analysis at the level of provinces has been run, whose results outlined the role of institutional and environmental factors in determining improvements in terms of efficiency.
The positive contribution given by the present dissertation to the literature related to the quality of hospital care is significant. Conclusions that can be drafted confirm the main results obtained in the literature. Moreover, the application to the Italian context allows to obtain relevant policy implications. There is a positive impact on quality due to the choice of reimbursement system; the greater autonomy accorded to the Region might favour competition within hospital sector based on quality.
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Di, Raimondo Alessia. « Linking Exploration and Exploitation to the Venture Capital Industry. An investigation on the rationales adopted, decision-making, and performance ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1609.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The aim of this dissertation research is to link exploration and exploitation rationale to the Venture Capital industry, understanding the measurement dimensions and the effects on both decision-making and performance of VCs.
Three studies constitute the body of the empirical research in this dissertation. Each study is focused on specific structure of relationships from the research framework with a twofold aim. First, frame exploration and exploitation orientation in a novel context of investigation - the VC industry - and find evidence for the impact of a more explorative orientation (vs a more exploitative orientation) on decision-making and performance in VC companies. Second, make specific contributions to streams of strategic management and entrepreneurship literature, on the one side, and practice, on the other side.
In the first study we conceptualize exploration and exploitation orientation in the VC context, framing exploration and exploitation in terms of greater versus narrower search for knowledge resources in non-local domains.
The second study applies the measurement instrument proposed in the first study to test to what extent exploration and exploitation orientation impact on decision-making performance.
The third study explores the impact of exploration orientation on VC performance under high levels of uncertainty.
A quantitative approach is adopted to conduct the empirical investigation. To empirically test the hypotheses of the first two studies we managed a survey sent to 90 Canadian venture capitalists. Data collected have been analyzed through a multivariate methodology. Furthermore, to empirically test for hypotheses developed in the third study we collected data from the Thomson One Banker Database and ran the analysis on a dataset consisting of over 1.400 VC investments. Results have been presented and discussed.
Implications are derived for both theory and practice. Limitations of the study and future research are outlined.
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Monaco, Luisa Grazia Angela. « La performance del sistema di istruzione superiore : tra abbandoni e inefficienza ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1156.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Nel presente lavoro viene effettuata un analisi della performance delle istituzioni universitarie prendendo in esame gli aspetti relativi agli abbandoni degli studi e l efficienza tecnica. Lo studio sugli abbandoni è stato condotto attraverso un analisi empirica volta a ricercare i fattori determinanti la non prosecuzione degli studi negli atenei italiani, per il periodo che va dall anno accademico 2001/02 all anno accademico 2008/09. Dall analisi è emerso che il background formativo degli studenti ha un effetto statisticamente significativo sugli abbandoni. Si è notato, pure, come la frammentazione dell offerta dovuta al decentramento delle sedi universitarie abbia influito negativamente sulla probabilità di conseguire crediti. L analisi dell efficienza tecnica è stata svolta applicando la metodologia DEA, al fine di valutare l offerta formativa degli atenei italiani nell anno accademico 2009/10. I risultati della stima dimostrano che le università private presentano livelli di efficienza più elevati rispetto alle università pubbliche, così come gli atenei situati nella parte settentrionale della penisola sono più efficienti di quelli situati al sud.
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Mazzola, Carlo Daniele. « Brand Community : Expertise heterogeneity and behavioural intentions ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1290.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this dissertation is to demonstrate how individual consumers are able to interact among themselves inside the collective virtual community of consumption in order to co-create value. By using the concepts of resources from the Service Dominant Logic of Marketing, heterogeneity from Organizational Behavior literature, and cultural lens from Consumer Culture Theory, this dissertation considers both individual and collective interaction in order to demonstrate the relation between community of consumption and behavioral intentions generated within these specific brand names.
We consider an online community of consumption as a virtual working environment where consumers are free to collaborate and, therefore, generate value. In detail, when drawing upon consumer behavior and organizational theory literatures, we identify a model able to explain how these individual and social characteristics of a community of consumption influence the consumers participation and their continuing intentions to remain members of the community. In addition we show how this model works differently through two kinds of brand community: firm-driver and consumers-driver.
An up to date review of literature provides a guide to theory and a path for research. This dissertation employed surveys, interview in-depth and linear regression model to understand social and cultural aspects of consumption from four different online communities of consumption.
The findings show that consumers can contribute to co-create value among themselves through the role of heterogeneity expertise and how the value of co-creation process could be more efficient inside the community consumers-driver. This dissertation demonstrates that this last kind of brand community plays a role as a platform of value creation.
This dissertation extends the previous researches in value creation within brand community by demonstrating how different kind of consumer expertise can affect their capacity to interact and can harm their ability to collaborate and co-create value.
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Incarbone, Giuseppe. « Statistical algorithms for Cluster Weighted Models ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1383.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cluster-weighted modeling (CWM) is a mixture approach to modeling the joint probability of data coming from a heterogeneous population. In this thesis first we investigate statistical properties of CWM from both theoretical and numerical point of view for both Gaussian and Student-t CWM. Then we introduce a novel family of twelve mixture models, all nested in the linear-t cluster weighted model (CWM). This family of models provides a unified framework that also includes the linear Gaussian CWM as a special case. Parameters estimation is carried out through algorithms based on maximum likelihood estimation and both the BIC and ICL are used for model selection. Finally, based on these algorithms, a software package for the R language has been implemented.
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Domanico, Fabio. « The European electricity policy : can the transmission grid guarantee a competitive, secure and green industry ? » Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200754.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Liberalisation of the European electricity industry: interconnecting incumbents? Development of European electricity transmission grid: economic investments for reliability? Promoting renewable energy sources for electricity: can the transmission grid guarantee it?
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Donzello, Cristian. « Employing Actor Network Theory to Explore the Role of Management Control Systems in New Product Development Projects ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1606.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis is a theoretically-led conceptual investigation about the socio-technical factors that influence the role and use of control systems in New Product Development (NPD) settings. The purpose of the dissertation is to explore the socio-technical micro-foundations underpinning the influence of management accounting and control systems in NPD contexts. In addition, this dissertation offers insights to some critical issues related to the Actor Network Theory applied for the empirical analysis. Particularly, an exploration of semiotic and power issues related to non human actors is provided.
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Araniti, Francesco. « Analisi economico istituzionale del sistema ospedaliero italiano tra decentramento e competizione ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1356.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Lo studio si articola in quattro capitoli. Nel primo capitolo, si effettua una ricognizione delle principali politiche di riforma in materia sanitaria, ripercorrendo gli interventi normativi che hanno determinato il progressivo ampio decentramento della gestione dei servizi sanitari. Il secondo capitolo è diretto ad approfondire i meccanismi di finanziamento dell'attività ospedaliera a livello regionale. Il terzo capitolo si occupa dell analisi dell efficienza ospedaliera, indagando aspetti metodologici ed applicativi. Si definisce, anzitutto, il concetto di efficienza tecnica nell analisi economica. Successivamente, viene presentata una rassegna delle tecniche di stima dell efficienza, prendendo in considerazione sia le tecniche parametriche, sia le tecniche non-parametriche. Nel quarto capitolo si svolge un indagine empirica, applicando la metodologia non-parametrica DEA a due stadi, diretta a constatare se i diversi approcci adottati dalle Regioni nei meccanismi di finanziamento dei servizi sanitari abbiano inciso sul grado di efficienza dei loro sistemi ospedalieri. I risultati delle stime mostrano che vi è una notevole variabilità nei livelli di efficienza, sia a livello interregionale che intraregionale. Dall analisi di secondo stadio emerge che la maggiore estensione del sistema tariffario ha avuto un impatto positivo e significativo sull efficienza.
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Distefano, Alessandra. « The Effect of Emotions and Imagery Appeals on Visual Consumption Experiences ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1608.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There is currently a mismatch between our traditional models of consumer decision-making and the way consumers actually make decisions, at least for certain product categories. Multi-attribute models have been successful in modeling how consumers make decisions about frequently purchased products or services, where decision-making proceeds rationally. But these models cannot account for decisions in which less experience is available, where the problem is not well-structured, and where emotional reactions are important. Whereas traditional models assume verbal and semantic processes, the consumption vision perspective focuses on visual and imaginal processing. The consumption vision approach explicitly acknowledges creative sense-making processes consumers use to anticipate the future.
A consumption vision can be defined as a visual image of certain product-related behaviors and their consequences on decision-making processes. Consumption visions consist of concrete and vivid mental images that enable consumers to experience self-relevant consequences of product use. Based on the findings of several studies on consumption visions and on the role of anticipated emotions in consumption experiences, the goal of this study is to understand what triggers consumption visions, and consequently, in what direction consumption visions influence consumers decision making processes. I suggest that forming a consumption vision is one possible heuristic by which a consumer can decide among alternative courses of action. I discuss the possible effects of consumption visions on consumers cognitive and affective reactions to products, intentions, and behaviors. Three studies examine the mediating role of imagery accessibility during consumption experiences and demonstrate that the difficulty of imagery generation can reverse the generally observed positive effects on imagery appeals and consumption decisions. The same results indeed, can be achieved considering consumers predisposition to emotional experiences. When participants are low in imagery abilities (as well as when they show low need for emotion attitudes), whether there is or not an explicit invitation to imagine a consumption experience, or whether the product is present in a vivid manner or not, imagery appeals are not only ineffective, but even have a negative effect on product preferences. Moreover, this work aims to demonstrate that imagery fluency effect, given its subjective nature, is more likely for individuals with richer personal past experiences or with higher predisposition to use imagination (higher in need for emotions levels). Finally, I discuss how consumer researchers can integrate consumption visions into decision-making research.
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Scribano, Francesca. « The impact of ownership and advisors on IPO and post-IPO performance ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/4051.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This dissertation focuses on the impact that the advisory team, namely underwriting bank and auditor, private equity investors and firms owners have on firms IPO and post-IPO performance in a bank-oriented system like Italy. The decision of a firm to go public posits many important problems, among which there are how to reduce information asymmetries and uncertainty surrounding private firms and how to preserve and improve firms value. The phenomenon is analyzed using the signaling theory, a relative recent theory and one of the main used in the IPO literature, which aims to resolve the information asymmetry problem suggesting to rely on certain indicators that can send signals to the market about the quality of firms. Another important theory applied to the IPO context is the agency theory, as the separation of ownership and control posits problems to firms profitability and value. Both theories have been largely applied to the US context and the goal of this dissertation is to contribute to these long-standing debates by adding evidence from a non-US country. Evidence from foreign countries has shown that institutional settings are important to consider when generalizing theories. This dissertation confirms this thesis, showing that signals are not always correctly perceived and valued by the market, and that theories may not work in different contexts.
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MUSACCHIO, Gaetano. « Il diversity management ed il gender gap nelle organizzazioni : un'analisi empirica delle percezioni degli individui ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/66381.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In a period in which the society is living evident changes that concern the family and the different role covered inside, many groups of workers continue to live differences, in particular for the work possibilities. At the same time, the organizations must combine better their human resources, evaluating the differences that affect individuals workers.
The importance to manage human resources, evaluating Diversity Management theories, means substantially to consider jointly these two aspects and besides an improvement to the functions of human resource managers, that must be able to recognize the aspects that characterize individuals workers, speaking about the diversities between them and for this reason adapt to do works more appropriate to theirs personals skills.
One of the sources of differences between individuals and groups, is the gender diversity, that in this work, not is conceived purely how difference between men and women (gender gap). It seems obvious that between man and woman there are socials, behavioural and problem solution differences in the daily life that characterize the two different sex in different ways; these differences affect in practice, the possibility to obtain better life and working conditions. Supposed existence of stereotypes, represents one of the most important aspect that mostly justifies the presence of barriers so clear.
The existence of perceptions about these differences, conceived then how barriers, has appeared in this work, that can be conditioned by some factors, that in facts modify the common implication that in general was attributed at the events that happen. In effects, the principal aim is to understand the reason to which are subgroups of workers in the organizations, that are able to represent and for this reason to conceive the reality in a different sense. To understand the reason for which the women have different perceptions compared to the men, how shown in many studies analyzed in this work, allows to understand initially, the consequences of the gender diversity in the organizations.
If inside of the same group of the women (for example married women) there are individuals that involve in different way and that perceiving the reality in different way, in comparison to other groups (for example singles women), what kind of consideration can be done?
In this work have been treated the concepts of diversity, considered one of the most important part of human resources management in organizations, according to the contributions of the first social events of the recognition of the human right of equality, over that the demographics theories. Precisely have been analyzed the decisive implications of gender gap, in definition of carrier levels, in the wage distributions, and job satisfaction, as characteristics impossible to see easily.
All the factors studied, can contribute to define level and quality of perceptions, how personal and group elaboration of the reality. In effect, have been analyzed the processes under which individual and social perceptions are developed.
Using a perspective based on demographics theories, have been evaluated from an empirical point of view, the differences existing inside a firm, about characteristics of the daily working life of the workers. Initial hypothesis is based on the needing to identify the presence of the important stereotypes, that can depend to the gender or to other factors, like social status or familiar ties in general.
The result that mostly surprises, is that the presence of factors like the huge family problems of the women, induce to perceive the working organization and his values, in different way, in relation to the ones that have smaller family problems. Factors that in general condition the life of a person, affect not only the possibilities to search job, to reach hierarchical levels qualitatively better, but also on the formation of the perceptions about daily life. It has been seen that conditionings deriving from the society, how shared stereotypes, can induce different reactions in the people, relating to the groups that interpret these information.In un periodo in cui la società, sta vivendo cambiamenti profondi che riguardano la famiglia ed i differenti ruoli ricoperti al suo interno, alcuni gruppi di lavoratori continuano a sperimentare differenze, soprattutto quanto a possibilità lavorative. Allo stesso tempo, le organizzazioni devono combinare al meglio le risorse umane di cui dispongono, valutando le differenze che caratterizzano i singoli individui. L’importanza di gestire le risorse umane, secondo le teorie del Diversity Management implica sostanzialmente, la considerazione congiunta di questi due aspetti, oltre che un miglioramento delle funzioni della dirigenza, che deve essere in grado di individuare gli aspetti che rendono i propri lavoratori differenti gli uni dagli altri, e per questo adatti a ricoprire posizioni e ruoli in linea con le proprie competenze individuali. Una delle fonti delle differenze tra gli individui ed i gruppi è la diversità di genere, che in questo lavoro non viene semplicemente intesa come considerazione delle differenze tra uomo e donna (gender gap). Sembra scontato, come tra uomo e donna vi siano differenze di natura sociale, comportamentale, di approccio alla risoluzione dei problemi, che caratterizzano quindi i due sessi in maniera differente; tali differenze condizionano nella pratica, la possibilità delle donne, di ottenere migliori condizioni di vita e lavorative. L’esistenza di stereotipi, rappresenta uno dei più importanti aspetti che maggiormente giustifica la presenza di barriere così marcate. In questo lavoro, vengono affrontati i temi della diversità, interpretati come parte fondamentale della gestione delle risorse umane nelle organizzazioni valutando i contributi relativi ai primi eventi sociali del riconoscimento dei diritti umani di uguaglianza, oltre alle correnti di pensiero di natura demografica. Precisamente si sono analizzate le decisive implicazioni del gap di genere nella definizione dei livelli di carriera, della distribuzione dei salari, e della job satisfaction, come elementi a volte non facilmente osservabili. Tutti i fattori considerati, possono contribuire a definire il livello e la qualità delle percezioni, come elaborazione individuale e di gruppo della realtà. In effetti, sono stati analizzati i processi in base ai quali si sviluppano le percezioni individuali e sociali. La formazione delle percezioni di queste differenze, concepibili quindi come barriere, si è mostrato in questo lavoro, che può essere condizionata da alcuni fattori, che di fatto modificano il senso che comunemente si attribuisce agli eventi che si verificano. In effetti, lo scopo principale è quello di comprendere il motivo per cui si formano sottogruppi di lavoratori nelle organizzazioni, in grado di rappresentare e per questo intendere la realtà in maniera differente. Comprendere la ragione per cui le donne hanno differenti percezioni degli uomini, come dimostrano molti studi che sono stati affrontati durante l’analisi, permette di comprendere in via di prima approssimazione, i riflessi della diversità di genere, nelle organizzazioni. Quali considerazioni possono essere quindi fatte se all’interno dello stesso gruppo delle donne (ad esempio donne sposate), vi è chi si comporta in maniera differente, percependo per questo la realtà in maniera diversa rispetto ad altri gruppi (donne nubili)? Il risultato che maggiormente sorprende, è che la presenza di fattori come gli ingenti impegni familiari delle donne, induce a percepire l’organizzazione lavorativa ed i suoi valori in maniera differente rispetto a chi invece ha minori impegni familiari. Fattori che in generale condizionano la vita di un individuo, incidono non soltanto sulle possibilità di trovare lavoro, raggiungere livelli gerarchici qualitativamente migliori, ma anche sulla formazione delle percezioni relative alla vita di tutti i giorni. Si è osservato quindi che condizionamenti provenienti dalla società, sotto forma di stereotipi condivisi, possono provocare reazioni differenti, a seconda dei gruppi che interpretano queste informazioni.
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Corrente, Salvatore. « New Advances on Multiple Criteria Hierarchy Process and the Choquet integral preference model ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3821.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding, a set of alternatives is evaluated on a family of criteria to deal with a choice, sorting or ranking problem. Not always the evaluation criteria are sited at the same level and, moreover, some type of interaction between criteria can be observed. To deal with the interaction between criteria, non-additive integrals and, in particular the Choquet integral, are used in literature.
In this thesis we considered the hierarchy of criteria and the interaction between criteria issues.
In particular, regarding the hierarchy of criteria, we extended the sorting method UTADIS and the Choquet integral preference model to deal with decision making problems presenting an hierarchy of criteria using the Multiple Criteria Hierarchy Process, recently introduced in literature. In both cases, an indirect way of providing preference information has been taken into account considering, for the extension of the UTADIS method, the Robust Ordinal Regression (ROR) while, for the extension of the Choquet integral preference model, ROR and Stochastic Multiobjective Acceptability Analysis (SMAA).
With respect to the interaction between criteria, we considered two ways of building a common scale necessary for the application of the Choquet integral. On one hand, we introduced an heuristic while, on the other hand, we applied the very well-known AHP method. Moreover, we proposed a new method, called NEMO-Ch, applying for the first time, the Choquet integral to the Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization field. The new method permits to address the search to the region of the Pareto front most
interesting for the Decision Maker, taking into account her/his preferences.
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Farese, Giovanni. « Dare credito all'autarchia : l'IMI e la politica industriale del fascismo, 1936-1943 ». Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200747.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Antecedenti e precedenti dell'autarchia economica fascista. Gli interessi e le teorie delle autarchie. Gli assetti istituzionali dell'IMI e il finanziamento dell'autarchia. I mutui dell'IMI: attori, settori e obiettivi.
30
Martelli, Cinzia. « Il paesaggio nella ridefinizione dello spazio dell'abitare ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/967.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La Convenzione Europea del Paesaggio ha richiamato l attenzione di amministrazioni pubbliche, tecnici e cittadini sul fatto che tutto il territorio è paesaggio e merita pertanto attenzione paesistica. Il paesaggio diventa il quadro di riferimento per la definizione di scelte di governo capaci di migliorare la qualità dei territori e la competitività economica, al centro di un processo democratico di vasta portata che implica la partecipazione delle popolazioni alla costruzione e al miglioramento dei paesaggi del quotidiano, dell abitare e del tempo libero, influenzando in maniera decisiva la qualità della vita della popolazione. Agli strumenti di pianificazione, ed in particolare ai regolamenti edilizi rivisti in chiave sostenibile, si chiede di individuare una nuova metodologia progettuale e costruttiva finalizzata al raggiungimento degli obiettivi di qualità paesaggistica che consentono di contribuire al miglioramento della qualità della vita. Il paesaggio diviene il motore di un nuovo sviluppo qualitativo e sostenibile, con ripercussioni sull occupazione e sull intero sistema economico. Dopo un attenta analisi degli orientamenti e strumenti legislativi, del livello di definizione paesaggistica negli atti di pianificazione territoriale, della qualità dei luoghi dell abitare e dei dati forniti dall Onre, verranno passate in disamina le contraddizioni della pianificazione urbanistica in Sicilia e l esperienza positiva della Regione Puglia.
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Corrente, Salvatore. « Hierarchy and interaction of criteria in robust ordinal regression ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1312.
Texte intégralRésumé :
All decision making problems we deal with along our lives, have a multiple criteria structure, that is several alternatives are evaluated with respect to some points of view, technically called evaluation criteria, and then compared in order to make the ``best'' decision. Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding, proposes methodologies useful to take decisions explicitly considering the preferences of the Decision Maker.
In many real world problems, the criteria are not independent but interacting, being possible to observe a certain degree of synergy or redundancy between the evaluation criteria and often the criteria may be not all at the same level, but structured in a hierarchical way.
In this thesis we dealt with both above problematics. Regarding the hierarchy of criteria, we have aggregated the evaluations of the alternatives using utility functions, outranking methods and Choquet integral; regarding the interaction of criteria, we have extended the multiple criteria PROMETHEE methods to the bipolar PROMETHEE methods; we have integrated the SMAA methodology with the Choquet integral and finally we have extended the customer satisfaction method MUSA to the case in which synergy or redundancy between criteria is also considered.
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Nagatsu, Michiru. « Psychologizing economic man : foundational problems of economics and cognitive science ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/85173.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This is a philosophical study of economics and cognitive psychology as sciences of human behaviour. Boundaries and interactions of the two sciences are examined with a close look at the experimental studies on judgement and decision making, and on strategic interaction in games. I argue, against conceptual scepticism, that not only is a science of human behaviour possible, but it is exemplified by both economics and psychology, which have been striving to measure decision-relevant psychological quantities and explain the behavioural anomalies that have emerged as a result of theoretical and empirical progress in measurement and experimentation. The dialectics of ‘crises and responses’ involved in this process reveals various ways in which representations, models and experiments are employed in the laboratory. I emphasize the precision of measurement and the severity of test as important methodological values in scientific progress, and argue that these values are the basis of theoretical progress. I explore alternative ways in which economic models of rational choice can be informed by psychology, and argue that a successful model should incorporate empirical findings from social and cognitive psychology, instead of maintaining familiar economic modelling strategies while relying on folk psychological intuitions. I propose that, in addition to modelling human behaviour as utility maximization, explicitly modelling human reasoning qua cognitive process may be the key to success. I point out two metaphysical stances—mechanistic and functional—implicit in the debates over the prospect of neuroeconomics, and consider their methodological implications to the study of human cognition and behaviour. I argue that it is unlikely that neuroscience will radically eliminate constructs of economic theory such as beliefs and preferences, based on the observation that recent brain-imaging studies of individual decision making largely presuppose constructs of cogntive psychology.
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Ferrante, Livio. « Decentralization and health performance in Italy : theoretical and empirical issues ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3630.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Three chapters constitute the main structure of this contribution. The first chapter investigates the relationship between fiscal decentralization and regional health outcomes, as measured by infant mortality rates, in Italy. The paper employs a panel of all Italian regions over a period of 17 years (from 1996 to 2012), applying a linear Fixed-Effect model. Two different quantitative measures of fiscal decentralization are used, which capture the degree of regional decision-making autonomy in the allocation of tax revenues and the extent of regional transfer dependency from the central government (i.e vertical fiscal imbalance). Methodologically, to account for the temporal dynamics of the decentralization impact, the robustness of the findings is checked, among others, with respect to the use of an Error Correction Model, which allows to disentangle short and long run effects. The analysis also deals with the issue of heterogeneous distributional geographical responses by modelling the asymmetric impact of decentralization on infant mortality rates according to the level of regional wealth.
The second chapter addresses the issue of convergence. Here the main research questions are whether health outcomes in Italy converge/diverge over time and, more importantly, whether decentralization has played a somewhat role in the convergence/divergence process. Using a pooled dataset with the same time span as the previous one, the conventional measures of sigma- and beta- (both absolute and conditional) convergence are estimated for two different regional health outcomes (i.e. infant mortality rate and life expectancy at birth). Again, two measures of decentralization are employed in order to catch both the degree of fiscal regional decision-making autonomy (i.e. the same indicator as in chapter 1) and the political decentralization dynamics (i.e. a dummy variable taking the value of 1 after the introduction of the 2001 constitutional reform). From a methodological point of view, the real novelty of the analysis is to take spatial dependence and neighbourhood effects among the regions into consideration. Modelling the impact of decentralization through an interaction term, the speed of convergence is found to be significantly affected by the level of decentralization.
The third and last chapter deals with the issue of the effects of decentralization from a different but related viewpoint. Compared to the previous chapters, it examines descriptively the administrative aspects of decentralization by a lower (micro) level perspective, looking at the managerial autonomy of local healthcare structures. The emphasis is here on the role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations in enhancing accountability and improving the performance of healthcare system, in general, and the quality of hospital care, in particular. Though the focus is not specifically on the Italian system, the analysis is particularly relevant for this country, where regional governments, in charge of the responsibilities for the financing and the delivery of healthcare, act through a network of Local Health Authorities i.e. public entities with their own budgets and management, which directly run small public hospitals -, public hospital trusts with full managerial autonomy and accredited for-profit private providers. The understanding research hypothesis here is that the way in which the financial incentive schemes for providers are designed and structured is likely to affect their effectiveness in pursuing the expected results (e.g. improved efficiency and quality of healthcare service delivery). However, the same incentive is expected to work differently according to the provider s degree of decision-making autonomy and its utility function.
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Kefi, Faycak. « La biodiversité alimentaire : sa mesure, ses conditions d accès et le rôle des politiques : cas de la Tunisie ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3926.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Résumé
Cette thèse étudie la biodiversité dans sa dimension alimentaire. En premier lieu la compréhension de la « biodiversité alimentaire » et les différents éléments qui la constituent était nécessaire. Il est en effet confirmé que la biodiversité est l une des solutions pour combattre la faim cachée. Disposons-nous des instruments nécessaires pour la mesurer au niveau de l offre et de la demande ? Comment l intégrer dans le pilotage des politiques publiques ? Quelles mesures et actions faut-il mettre en uvre pour conserver la biodiversité alimentaire et la mettre au service de la sécurité alimentaire? Une étude de cas a été réalisée en Tunisie dans le gouvernorat de Sidi Bouzid. Des enquêtes et des outils ont été élaborés pour recenser toutes les données nécessaires à l étude de la biodiversité alimentaire à tous les niveaux de la chaine alimentaire. Une analyse spécifique du rôle des produits sauvages comestibles a été menée. Largement connues et utilisées, les plantes sauvages sont encore sous-valorisées. Une méthodologie générique de l étude de l utilité nutritionnelle de la biodiversité alimentaire disponible a été proposée, avec une application aux marchés (indice de richesse spécifique, indice de Shannon et indice de Piélou, adaptés). L utilité nutritionnelle de la biodiversité disponible est variable d un nutriment à un autre. Une seconde partie a été consacrée à l étude des politiques publiques. Une sélection d options stratégiques pouvant être des leviers à la biodiversité a été faite à dires d experts. La méthode « Multicriteria Mapping (MCM) » a été utilisée auprès de différentes parties prenantes pour l étude de la performance des options et les hiérarchiser à des fins de propositions d actions. L éducation nutritionnelle a été estimée comme l action la plus performante suivie de la conservation et la protection de la mer et de sa biodiversité et enfin des options de politiques agricoles en faveur des plantes autochtones. Le lien entre biodiversité et nutrition et le rôle des espèces sauvages n étaient pas évident pour les participants. La conservation et l amélioration de la biodiversité doit être orientée pour remédier au manque de trois nutriments, le calcium et les vitamines A et B12. Cependant une sensibilisation et une responsabilisation des différentes parties prenantes est indispensable surtout dans un contexte socio-économique difficile de la Tunisie post-révolution.
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Mazzone, Graziana. « Ri-definizione dei confini dell'impresa, outsourcing e nuove tecnologie : il caso di un gruppo bancario ». Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200762.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Il quadro teorico. Il processo di outsourcing in chiave strategica ed organizzativa. La scomposizione delle attività aziendali e del valore. Il modello di riferimento proposto: dalle attività, alle competenze, fino ai processi. La ricerca empirica: applicazione del modello ad un caso bancario di successo.
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Saha, Subhra Baran. « Essays in Economics of Science ». The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1218211784.
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Rose, Michael E. « Collaboration networks in economic science ». Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29857.
Texte intégralRésumé :
When preparing a research article, Economists receive feedback from other academics, present on conference and give talks in seminars. This form of collaboration is termed informal because informal collaborators have, unlike authors, no formal property rights associated with their contribution. However, informal collaboration is so widespread that it appears to be part of the academic production function. Yet, it has received little attention in academia, least in Economics where patterns of informal collaboration differ from that of natural sciences. Social informal collaboration, the provision of direct feedback, gives rise to a social network. This thesis examines this network. The analysis focuses on the role of individual scientists in the network, which is estimated by different network centralities. Data originate from about 6000 published research articles from six Financial Economics journals between 1997 and 2011. A theoretical model describes how network centrality proxies the effort informal collaborators exert informally in a project, and how this improves the citation count of the research paper. We then investigate how observable characteristics of authors determine this and other centrality measures and find that common metrics such as productivity and number of citations correlate little with network centrality. As information transmission is an important aspect of social networks we study how network centrality of Economists relates to placement outcomes of their students in the academic job market. These findings suggest that even informal networks matter in the production of academic research; that these networks contain information above currently used measures of scholarly influence in the profession; and that these networks are used to decrease information asymmetry in the academic labor market.
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Le, Tollec Agnès. « Finding a New Home (Economics) : Towards a Science of the Rational Family, 1924-1981 ». Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASN006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse retrace l’histoire de l’économie de la famille aux États-Unis entre 1924 et 1981. Je montre que dans la première partie du XXe siècle, les économistes voyaient principalement les comportements au sein de la famille comme le résultat des normes sociales. Par suite, la famille restait pour l’essentiel à la périphérie de l’économie. A la fin des années 1920 et au début des années 1930, le désintérêt de la plupart des économistes pour ce sujet a permis la création d’une économie de la famille au sein de départements d’économie domestique, distincts des départements traditionnels d’économie. Cette sous-discipline explore les contraintes structurelles (psychologiques, sociales et économiques) qui pèsent sur les comportements familiaux tout en cherchant à améliorer la situation des familles. Elle reste marginale en économie, d’une part, parce que les comportements familiaux semblent trop différents des comportements marchands ; d’autre part, parce que des femmes pour l’essentiel la composent. Après 1945, les économistes analysent les comportements familiaux comme étant le résultat de la maximisation de la satisfaction des familles par rapport à des contraintes économiques. L’économie de la famille rejoint alors l’économie néoclassique et devient majoritairement masculineThis dissertation traces the displacement of family economics from the periphery to the center of economics. I show that in the early twentieth century, most economists viewed the family as ruled by social norms – tradition, customs and morals. Accordingly, they did not regard the study of the family as coming within the scope of economics. Women economists who had an interest in family were able to create a separate family economics field within home economics departments in the late 1920s and early 1930s. This field explored the structural constraints on household behavior and was geared towards increasing family welfare. Because household behavior seemed so different from market behavior and because it was a female field, studies on the family remained marginal within economics. After World War II, economists began to interest themselves in consumption and from the 1960s they accounted for a wide range of family behaviors using a utility maximization framework. As family economics became mainstream, it was masculinized
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Saksena, Michelle J. « Three Essays on the Social Science of Obesity ». The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405893684.
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Caporarello, Leonardo. « IT Governance : a framework proposal, and an empirical study ». Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200756.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Why does IT governance need to be reconceptualized? Corporate governance: theoretical lens and models. IT governance: theoretical lens and models. IT governance reconceptualization and framework. The antecedents factors' of the IT involvement into TMT: a research model.
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Gama, Ana Paula Bernardino Matias. « A relação entre perdas e valor no contexto de um sector emergente-o caso das empresas americanas ». Phd thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- ISCTE-Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa -- -Escola de Gestão, 2006. http://dited.bn.pt:80/31615.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this research is to analyse the positive loss-earnings relation in the context of U.S. net firms. This topic earns special relevance with the emergence of the Internet sector.
We focus on the period between 1996 and 2003. In order to identify the net firms, we collected information from ISDEX – Internet Stock List. With the goal to control the survivor bias effect, we obtain information about net firms from the Morgan & Stanley reports. We also selected a
match sample (non net firms) from NASDAQ, with close IPO dates to those of the net firms.
We assume that the negative relation observed in the U.S net firms, is due the growth opportunities bias. This hypothesis is in line with the Ohlson (1995) and the Feltham and Ohlson
(1995) models, who regard current expenses such as R&D and advertising as generating the potential for future growth. Accounting measurements may be misleading, as the GAAP
prevailing in the U.S. treat theses items as expenses. By contrast, capital markets seem to give a strong value to firms undertaking such investments.
The Ohlson model was re-specified as a function of current earnings and lagged book value, and incorporated the Fama and MacBeth (1973) methodology, in order to analyse if the market prices differently the value drivers of theses firms as the Internet sector/net firms matures. The results
are significant and consistent with: i) investors look beyond aggregate earnings; ii) investors value certain components of losses (R&D and advertising expenditures) positively; iii) the variable book value of equity conveys information for funding available to continue investments
in loss firms and iv) since the nineties we assist to a change in life cycle: the new firms tend to be small, operate in high tech sectors and report losses for long periods.
This research makes a set of contribution to the literature: i) some firms´ losses may not be associated with value destruction; ii) we challenge the traditional view that losses convey little information content, specially when they are associated to the implementation of growth opportunities; iii) losses are not homogenous across losses firms, consequently treating losses homogenously can lead to incomplete or incorrect inferences in empirical research and v)distressed firms, specially high tech firms tend to restructure through mergers and acquisitions,
curbing the incidence of bankruptcy.
Key Words: valuation, price-earnings, conservatism, growth opportunitiesO objectivo central da presente investigação consistiu em analisar a aparente anomalia verificada entre o registo de prejuízos e o elevado valor de mercado das acções registado pelas empresas americanas da nova economia, com destaque para as net firms. A relevância do presente estudo deriva do impacto da emergência do sector da Internet. O período analisado compreende os anos de 1996 a 2003. A seleccão das net firms baseou-se na lista de empresas cotadas no ISDEX – Internet Stock List e nos relatórios da Morgan & Stanley. Seleccionamos ainda uma amostra de controlo com base no número de IPO ocorridos no NASDAQ, cujo critério foi identificar outras empresas com datas de IPO próximas das net firms. Tendo como quadro teórico os modelos de avaliação de Ohlson (1995) e Feltham e Ohlson (1995), assume-se que os prejuízos registados por estas empresas são consequência dos elevados investimentos em activos intangíveis, tais como: I&D e Publicidade, que de acordo com os GAAP – Generally Accepted Accounting Principles são integralmente contabilizados como custos. Porém, o mercado associa o investimento nestas rubricas à probabilidade de existência em carteira de maiores oportunidades de crescimento, pelo que são grandes as expectativas de rendibilidades supranormais. O modelo de Ohlson é reespecificado em função dos resultados líquidos e dos capitais próprios e incorpora a metodologia de Fama e MacBeth (1973), no sentido de analisar como os principais determinantes do valor (value drivers) influenciam o valor de mercado dos capitais próprios ao longo do tempo (efeito ciclo de vida). Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que os investidores: i) não baseiam a sua avaliação apenas na variável resultados; ii) valorizam positivamente, como activos, os items I&D e Publicidade, que contabilisticamente são tratados como custo; iii) a variável capitais próprios é particularmente relevante para efeitos de avaliação registando a empresa prejuízos, pois o mercado vê nesta variável uma proxy para os resultados futuros normais e iv) o acréscimo do investimento nas rubricas I&D e Publicidade surge associado a uma alteração do perfil de empresas a operar no mercado na década de 90: empresas de pequena dimensão, maioritariamente de base tecnológica a registarem prejuízos, de maior magnitude e por períodos mais longos. A evidência empírica, corroborada por uma análise em dados de painel, permite apontar como principais contributos da presente investigação: i) o reporte de prejuízos pode não estar associado à destruição de valor; ii) em oposição à teoria da opção de abandono, o conteúdo informativo dos prejuízos não é irrelevante para efeitos de avaliação, quando os mesmos surgem associados ao exercício de oportunidades de crescimento; iii) as empresas a registar prejuízos não podem ser tratadas de forma homogénea, pois tal é susceptível de conduzir a conclusões empíricas erróneas e iv) em situação de stress financeiro as empresas, em particular de base tecnológica, tendem a optar por um processo de F&A como forma de reestruturação, reduzindo a incidência de processos de falência. Palavras-chave: avaliação de empresas, relação preço-resultados, subavaliação, oportunidades de crescimento.
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SAVIN, JEAN-MARIE. « Previsions rationnelles et implications en politique economique de la macro-economie stochastique ». Paris 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA010148.
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Tham, Wei Yang. « Essays in the Economics of Science and Innovation ». The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563298218950876.
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Dechaux, Pierrick. « L'économie face aux enquêtes psychologiques 1944 -1960 : unité de la science économique, diversité des pratiques ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E025.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse étudie la trajectoire historique des enquêtes psychologiques produites au Survey Research Center de l’Université du Michigan à l’initiative de George Katona. Aujourd’hui, on ne retient de ces enquêtes que les indicateurs de confiance produits chaque mois par plus de cinquante pays pour analyser la conjoncture. Pourquoi continue-t-on à produire et à utiliser ces enquêtes et ces indicateurs alors qu’un consensus s’est produit en macroéconomie et en microéconomie autour d’un ensemble de modèles qui n’en font pas l’usage ? Pour répondre à cette question, on étudie plusieurs controverses qui se sont produites autour des enquêtes du Michigan entre 1944 et 1960. On montre que l’époque est caractérisée de décisions au sein des gouvernements et du monde des affaires. La thèse montre que si ces débats sont peu connus des économistes aujourd’hui, c’est parce qu’ils se sont poursuivis dans des champs disciplinaires périphériques à l’économie. Ces disciplines sont concernées par des problèmes pratiques dont les économistes théoriciens se sont progressivement détournés. En proposant une analyse des liens entre la théorie économique et sa mise en pratique, cette thèse offre une nouvelle manière d’appréhender l’histoire de la macroéconomie récente et de l’économie comportementale. L’histoire des dynamiques intellectuelles d’après-guerre ne se résume ni à des innovations théoriques, ni à un nouveau rapport entre la théorie et l’empirie. En effet, ces dynamiques reposent aussi sur la redéfinition des frontières entre la science et son art ; entre d’un côté l’économie et de l’autre le marketing et la conjonctureThis dissertation looks at the historical development of George Kantona's psychological surveys at the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan. The main legacy of this work has been the widespread adoption of confidence indicators. They are used each month by more than fifty countries and widely implemented by business managers and forecasters. How do we explain the widespread usage of these indicators despite a prevalent consensus in macroeconomics and microeconomics that does not consider them as important tools? In order to answer this question, we study several controversies that occurred around Michigan surveys between 1944 and 1960. It is shown that this era is characterized by many interdisciplinary exchanges guided by the practical needs of decision-makers in governments and private companies. I show that if economists know little about these debates, it is because they were maintained in disciplinary fields on the periphery of economics. These fields are centered on practical problems that theoretical economists progressively abandoned. This thesis offers a new way of understanding the history of recent macroeconomics and behavioral economics by proposing an analysis of the links between economic theory and its application in practice. For instance, the history of post-war intellectual dynamics cannot be reduced to theoretical innovations or to a new relationship between theory and empiricism. Indeed, these dynamics rely also on the transformation of the boundaries between the science and its art; between the economy on the one hand and marketing and forecasting on the other
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Ferrigno, Giulio. « Strategic alliances : value creation and appropriation mechanisms, configuration, and portfolio evolution ». Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3863.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The object of this dissertation is to provide a better understanding of strategic alliances with a specific focus on value creation and value appropriation mechanisms, alliance configuration, and the evolution of alliance portfolios. In more detail, the purpose of the dissertation is threefold:
(I) to summarize the existing alliance research around value creation and value appropriation processes, which are the two distinct, dynamic and interrelated processes underlying alliance partners performance. In doing so, it aims to shed lights on the theoretical underpinnings that explain the key value creation and value appropriation mechanisms that lie beneath the two processes. In addition, it aims to clarify the interdependence between the two processes, thereby advancing a contribution that conceptually tackles the need to treat value creation and value appropriation jointly (e.g., Di Minin and Faems, 2013; Lepak et al., 2007);
(II) to rejoin the challenge to explore the relationship between R&D alliances and alliance partners innovation performance, by relying on the theoretical lens of the knowledge-based view of the alliances (Grant & Baden-Fuller, 2004; Vasudeva & Anand, 2011). Specifically, by adopting this theoretical lens we challenge the issue to identify the major factors that lead alliance partners to achieve high innovation performance by means of R&D alliances. Additionally, a challenge of the research is to revamp a key research stream in the alliance literature (i.e., alliance configuration) by examining the combinatory effects that inevitably occur among these factors;
(III) to explore the features that epitomize alliance strategy with regards to the management of alliance portfolio. In particular, the dissertation aims to undertake an investigation of the existing body of research on alliance portfolio management in order to elucidate its main features. In addition, the dissertation is aiming to complement extant research with an investigation of these features in a case study (Ericsson) in order to provide insights on alliance strategy, from the managerial point of view (Hoffman, 2005).
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Li, Danielle. « Essays on the organization of science and education ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72836.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 217-226).
This dissertation consists of four chapters exploring how organizations inform and distort the implementation of public policy in two empirical settings. Chapters 1 and 2 study the non-market allocation of research funding to scientists while Chapters 3 and 4 examine the market for schools and school leaders. Experts are likely to have more information regarding the potential of projects in their area, but are also more likely to be biased. Chapter 1 develops a theoretical and statistical framework for understanding and separately identifying the effects of bias and information on expert evaluation and applies it in the context of peer review at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). I use exogenous variation in review committee composition to examine how relationships between reviewers and applicants, as measured by citations, affect the allocation and efficiency of grant funding. I show that, due to bias, each additional related reviewer increases the chances that an applicant is funded by 2.9 percent. Reviewers, however, are also more informed about the quality of proposals from related applicants: the correlation between scores and quality is approximately 30 percent higher for related applicants. On net, the presence of related reviewers improves the quality of research that the NIH supports by two to three percent, implying that reductions in conflicts of interest may come at the direct cost of reducing the quality of funding decisions. In Chapter 2, I examine how women are treated in grant review at the US National Institutes of Health (NIH). Analyzing funded R01 grants, I show that women receive a half-percentile worse score than men for research that produces the same number of publications and citations. Allowing reviewers to observe applicant gender reduces the number of women who are funded by approximately 3 percent. Analysis of study sections shows that the presence of women attenuates bias, suggesting that diversity in study sections can improve peer review. Chapter 3 considers the effect of labor market for school leaders. School accountability may affect the career risks that school leaders face without providing commensurate changes in pay. Since effective school leaders likely have significant scope in choosing where to work, these uncompensated risks may limit the ability of low-performing schools to attract and retain effective leaders. This paper analyzes the effect of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) on principal mobility and the distribution of high-performing principals across low- and high-performing schools. I show that NCLB decreases average principal quality at schools serving disadvantaged students by inducing more able principals to move to schools less likely to face NCLB sanctions. Finally, Chapter 4 explores the viability of voucher base school market reforms by estimating the demand elasticity for private schooling using variation from sibling discounts at Catholic schools. Because families differ in their number and spacing of children, this variation allows us to isolate within-neighborhood variation in tuition prices. We find that a standard deviation decrease in tuition prices increases the probability that a family will send its children to private school by one half percentage point, which translates into an elasticity of Catholic school attendance with respect to tuition costs of -0.19. Our subgroup results suggest that a voucher program would disproportionately induce into private schools those who, along observable dimensions, are unlike those who currently attend private school.
by Danielle Li.
Ph.D.
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Demetriades, Marios. « Essays in economics of science, innovation, policy and growth ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6712/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this thesis we study the effect of scientific research on economic growth of the EU27 countries for 1981-2010, finding that scientific research determines national growth through patents with a ten-year lag. We also study the effect of funding on scientific research output of researchers and find that national competitive funding and other funding are positively and significantly related to research quality. National competitive funding seems to affect positively research quantity. Internal and EU funding matter only in specific scientific fields. We investigate whether past research productivity determines success in securing competitive funding at the individual level finding a significant and positive association of past cumulative citation-related indicators with the funding decision. We also examine the effect of research output and resources on FP7 applications and success at the country level for the EU28 countries in 2007-2013. We find that for research followers both scientific publications and international collaboration matter for FP7 applications and success and for research leaders, publications matter for FP7 applications and citations matter for FP7 success rates. Finally, we use the principal-agent theory framework to discuss the choices and trade-offs that research policy-makers and researchers face and find that balance in bureaucracy and research orientation within funding schemes can produce optimal results.
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Staudt, Joseph M. « Economics of Science : Labor Markets, Journal Markets, and Policy ». The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460104223.
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Stuen, Eric T. « Three essays on the economics of science and innovation ». Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3315835.
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Page, Arnaud. « Le social et les disciplines : Développement et institutionnalisation des sciences sociales à la london School of Economics and Political Science, 1895-1914 ». Pau, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PAUU1015.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse étudie les vingt premières années d'existence de la London School of Economics and Political Science (créée par le socialiste Fabien Sidney Webb en 1895) afin de contribuer à l'analyse du processus d'institutionnalisation des sciences sociales en Grande-Bretagne au tournant du vingtième siècle. La perspective privilégiée dans cette thèse est de replacer le développement de ces différentes formes de discoursdans leurs contextes professionnels. Situant son analyse au niveau non pas d'un penseur ou d'une discipline mais d'une école comme lieu concret d'enseignement et de production de savoirs, elle se propose d'étudier l'interaction entre les changements institutionnels et intellectuels. L'argument central qui parcourt ce travail est que si l'ambition initiale de Webb a parfois été interprétée comme procédant d'une volonté de s'opposer à l'étude plus traditionnelle qui prévalait à Oxford et Cambridge, la mise en œuvre de ce projet est marquée par de multiples lignes de continuité avec le travail développé dans les anciennes universités. Cette thèse s'attache ainsi à montrer la façon dont la création de cette école participe d'une reformulation (plutôt que d'un rejet) de l'idéal universitaire, marquée par l'intégration de l'idéal de recherche au sein d'une approche plus généraliste et "libérale". En étudiant quatre disciplines en particulier (science politique, économie, géographie et sociologie), ce travail s'attache surtout à montrer que la contribution de la LSE aux évolutions de l'étude du social se situe moins au niveau de grands projets théoriques et scientifiques qu'à celui d'une accumulation de décalages graduels dans les pratiques intellectuelleThis dissertation studies the first twenty years of the London School of Economics and Political Science (founded in 1895 by Fabian Sidney Webb) to contribute to a better understanding of the institutionalisation of the social sciences at the turn of the twentieth century. The approach taken in this thesis is to locate the developments of these different types of discourse primarily in their professional contexts. Rather than analysing a particular thinker or a discipline, it focuses on a school as a concrete place of teaching and research, in order to analyse the interaction between institutional and intellectual changes. The central argument of this thesis is that if the initial project for the school has sometimes been interpreted as having been directed against the more traditional types of study which prevailed at Oxford or Cambridge, its actual developments were marked by the persistence of the concerns and approaches that characterized the analysis of social phenomena in the older universities. This dissertation argues that creation of the LSE was an important event in the reformulation (rather than the rejection) of the ideals attached to institutions of higher education in Britain, marked by the incorporation of the research ideal within a more general and liberal approach. It attemps to show how the contribution of the LSE to the transformations of the social sciences is to be found in a series of gradual intellectual and institutional shifts rather than in eleborate theoretical or scientific schemes