Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Scientific habitus »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Scientific habitus"
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Lenoir, Remi. « Scientific Habitus ». Theory, Culture & ; Society 23, no 6 (novembre 2006) : 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276406069774.
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Ivanova, Natalia A. « Scientific habitus : unity of differences ». Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filosofiya. Sotsiologiya. Politologiya, no 2(30) (1 juin 2015) : 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/1998863x/30/3.
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Jeon, June. « Rethinking Scientific Habitus : Toward a Theory of Embodiment, Institutions, and Stratification of Science ». Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 5 (3 juillet 2019) : 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.17351/ests2019.303.
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Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of habitus has been largely absent in Science and Technology Studies (STS) despite its potential usefulness. In this essay, I develop the concept of scientific habitus as a useful way to think about scientific practices. I argue that scientific habitus may offer three contributions that illuminate scientists’ own micro-practices in relation to meso- and macro-level dynamics in the scientific field. First, the concept enables us to think of scientists’ worldviews and bodily techniques as objects of STS analysis. While the majority of STS scholars have focused on the construction of knowledge, scientific habitus allows us to study the construction of the scientists’ body and mind. Secondly, scientific habitus links individual practices with institutional contexts; it highlights how the micro-practices of individuals in scientific laboratories reflect and reproduce macro-social structural power dynamics. Third, scientific habitus reveals mechanisms of stratification within the scientific field. It helps unpack scientists’ practical decisions surrounding research topics, ideas, and data. It also helps explain why and how certain scientific projects are preferred and others left undone. Scientific habitus, therefore, has the potential to contribute to a more encompassing explanation of the relationship between societal structures and the internal logic of the scientific field.
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Schaap, Julian, Jeroen van der Waal et Willem de Koster. « Improving Empirical Scrutiny of the Habitus : A Plea for Incorporating Implicit Association Tests in Sociological Research ». Sociology 53, no 5 (8 mai 2019) : 967–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038519846417.
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Many studies invoke the concept of the Bourdieusian habitus to account for a plethora of stratified patterns uncovered by conventional social-scientific methods. However, as a stratum-specific, embodied and largely non-declarative set of dispositions, the role of the habitus in those stratified patterns is typically not adequately scrutinised empirically. Instead, the habitus is often attributed theoretically to an empirically established link between stratification indicators and an outcome of interest. In this research note, we argue that combining conventional methods in stratification research with latency-based measures such as the Implicit Association Test enables better measurement of the habitus. This sociological application of Implicit Association Tests enables researchers to: (1) identify empirically the existence of different habitus among different social strata; and (2) determine their role in the stratified patterns to which they have thus far been attributed theoretically.
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Kisel, Natalia K. « The Post-Academic Trend in the Evolution of Methodological Consciousness ». Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 64, no 5 (1 novembre 2021) : 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2021-64-5-128-139.
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The development of science at all stages of its penetration into a technogenic society is accompanied by changes in methodological consciousness in its various incarnations. However, preferring to analyze the metamorphoses of science as special knowledge about the world, to examine the evolution of its methodological tools, forms of structural and functional organization of scientific and cognitive activity, at the same time, modern research practices leave aside the evolution of methodological consciousness as such. Although, according to the author, analysis of this phenomenon makes possible to define, if not a paradigmatic, then at least a syntagmatic approach to the study of modern post-academic science. The representation of methodological consciousness can be carried out in different versions. The article considers its evolution at various levels of functioning – individual and supra-individual, embodied in the methodological innovations of science itself as well as in the philosophical and methodological discourse interconnected with it. The assertion of unique forms of methodological consciousness at the supraindividual level, in particular, characterizes the development of modern social physics, which combines syntagmatics, inter- and transdisciplinarity as strategies of scientific search. The evolution of methodological consciousness at the individual level is inextricably linked with the renewal of the scientific habitus of individual scientists. In the context of the commercialization of post-academic science, destructive changes in the qualities of scientific creativity and scientific ethos undoubtedly affect the mental and cognitive components of the scientific habits of researchers. For the majority of the scientific community, the transformation of the scientific habitus proceeds spontaneously. Awareness of the uniqueness of post-academic science today occurs mainly within the framework of philosophical and methodological discourse. The result of this process is problematized by the author as a phenomenon of “post-academic philosophy of science,” characterized by a number of features of a substantive, methodological, and institutional nature. The question of its correlation with the traditional philosophy of science, on the one hand, and with disciplinary strategies in the study of science, on the other, opens up prospects for the emergence of new paradigms of modern philosophical and methodological discourse.
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Radogna, Rosa Maria. « The concept of habitus in migration studies. A systematic literature review ». Sociologie Romaneasca 20, no 1 (30 juin 2022) : 108–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788//sr.20.1.5.
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The concept of habitus has been used to investigate a wide range of social phenomena. Pierre Bourdieu himself applied it to different fields, such as the analysis of taste and lifestyle (Bourdieu, 2000), gender relations (Bourdieu, 2001), the field of literature production (Bourdieu, 1996), the educational system and the reproduction of inequalities (Bourdieu, & Passeron, 1979), to mention a few. However, the concept of habitus has only recently been applied to investigate migration phenomena. This systematic literature review aims to investigate the use of the concept of habitus in migration theory through the analysis of 38 studies selected in two scientific databases. In the first part, after the presentation of the concept of habitus and the description of methodological selection procedure, I will make a short overview of the use of the aforementioned concept applied to migration phenomena, using the following criteria: the year of publication, national contexts, categories of migrants. Then, I will proceed to the analysis following the meta-ethnography methodology.
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Gensler, Marek. « “Habitus” or the possibility of science of the contingent ». Hybris 31, no 4 (30 décembre 2015) : 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1689-4286.31.03.
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Most of sciences can be traced back to Aristotle. This is because in opposition to Plato he was able to find a way in which one could give a scientific form to reflection concerning contingent facts of every-day life. Knowledge of the contingent was made possible thanks to the Aristotelian concepts of category and state (habitus). It is the latter concept that was especially important for forming knowledge about change. Aristotle and his medieval followers apply it in analyses of various processes, from local motion to changes in temperaments, to formation of virtues.
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Moura, Daiana De Nez, Elcio Cecchetti et Luci Teresinha Marchiori dos Santos Bernardi. « Contribuições do PIBIC/CNPq para a constituição do habitus de pesquisador (Contribution from PIBIC/CNPq for acquired the researcher habitus) ». Revista Eletrônica de Educação 14 (25 juin 2020) : 3257096. http://dx.doi.org/10.14244/198271993257.
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This study aproches Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica (PIBIC) - Institutional Scientific Initiation Scholarship Program - which is based on the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq/Brazil) - National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. This study was developed at Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó (Unochapecó), this paper focused on analyzes if the PIBIC/CNPq influenced the scholarship students of IES to remain in the scientific field and incorporation of researcher habitus. For the data collection an electronic questionnaire was applied to the scholarship students from PIBIC/CNPq in the period from 2010 to 2015 which activities was concluded until 2017. The data treatment was performed based on the Content Analysis, anchored epistemologically in Pierre Bourdieu. The results showed that the scholarship students from PIBIC/CNPq acquired an amount of scientific knowledge that favored their access and remain in the scientific field. Thus, through the scientific activities throughout the length of the scholarship - participation and publication in events, follow-up of a teacher-counselor, receive assistance in the professional choice and also encouragement for the advancement in postgraduate level of studies – the scholarship students acquired the researcher habitus.ResumoEsse trabalho versa sobre o Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica (PIBIC), mantido e fomentado pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). O estudo foi desenvolvido na Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó (Unochapecó), com o objetivo de analisar se o PIBIC/CNPq influenciou os bolsistas egressos da IES a permanecerem no campo científico e a internalizarem um habitus de pesquisador. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de questionário eletrônico aos bolsistas ingressantes no PIBIC/CNPq no período de 2010 a 2015 e que finalizaram as atividades no Programa até 2017. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado com base na Análise de Conteúdo, ancorada epistemologicamente no pensamento de Pierre Bourdieu. Os resultados apontaram que os beneficiados do PIBIC/CNPq adquiriram um montante de capital científico que favoreceu a entrada e permanência no campo científico. Assim, através das atividades científicas desenvolvidas durante a vigência da bolsa - participação e publicação em eventos, acompanhamento de um professor-orientador, auxílio na escolha profissional e estímulo para continuação dos estudos em nível de pós-graduação – tais estudantes constituíram um habitus de pesquisador. ResumenEse trabajo trata del Programa Institucional de Becas de Iniciación Científica (PIBIC), mantenido y fomentado por el Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (CNPq/Brasil). El estudio fue desarrollado en la Universidad Comunitaria de la Región de Chapecó (Unochapecó), con el objetivo de analizar se el PIBIC/CNPq ha influenciado los becarios egresos de la dicha Universidad a permanecieren en el campo científico y a internalizaren un habitus de investigador. La cosecha de los datos fue realizada a través de un cuestionario electrónico a los becarios ingresantes en el PIBIC/CNPq en el periodo de 2010-2015 y que finalizaron sus actividades en el Programa hasta 2017. El tratamiento de los datos fu realizado con base en la Analice de Contenido, ancorada epistemológicamente en el pensamiento de Pierre Bourdieu. Los resultados apuntaron que los becarios del PIBIC/CNPq adquirieron un montante de capital científico que favoreció a la entrada y permanencia en el campo científico. Así, a través de las actividades científicas desarrolladas durante la vigencia de la beca – participación y publicación en eventos, acompañamiento de un profesor-director, auxilio en la elección profesional y estímulo para continuidad de los estudios en nivel de posgraduación – tales estudiantes internalizaron un habitus de investigador.Palavras-chave: PIBIC/CNPq, Iniciação científica, Campo científico, Habitus de pesquisador.Keywords: Scientific research, Scientific field, Researcher habitus.Palabras-clave: Iniciación científica, Campo científico, Habitus de investigador.ReferencesAGOPYAN, Vahan. Bolsas de pós-graduação para quê? Folha de SP, São Paulo, 18. set. 2019. Disponível em: https://folha.com/6mvyel2z. Acesso em 10 mai. 2020.AGUDO, M. M.; TOZONI-REIS, M. F.; TEIXEIRA, L. A. Reflexões sobre a educação no projeto de aprofundamento do neoliberalismo no Brasil. Revista Pedagógica, v. 20, n. 45, p. 182-206, set./dez 2018.ALMEIDA JUNIOR, A. et al. Parecer CFE nº 977/65, aprovado em 3 dez. 1965. Rev. Bras. Educ., n. 30, p. 162-173, dez. 2005.ANDRÉ, Marli. Pesquisa, formação e prática docente. In: ANDRÉ, Marli (org.) O papel da pesquisa na formação e na prática dos professores. 12 ed.; 5 reimp. Campinas, São Paulo: Papirus, 2015.BARDIN, Laurence. Análise de conteúdo. São Paulo: Edições 70-Brasil, 2011.BOURDIEU, Pierre. O campo científico. In: ORTIZ, Renato. (Org.). Pierre Bourdieu: sociologia. São Paulo: Ática, 1983. cap. 4, p. 122-155.BOURDIEU, Pierre. A economia das trocas simbólicas. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 1987.BOURDIEU, Pierre. O poder simbólico. 4. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Bertrand Brasil, 2001.BOURDIEU, Pierre. Algumas propriedades dos campos. In: BOURDIEU, Pierre. Questões de sociologia. Lisboa: Fim de Século, 2003, p. 119-126.BOURDIEU, Pierre. Coisas ditas. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 2004.BOURDIEU, Pierre. A dominação masculina. 11. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Bertrand Brasil, 2012.BOURDIEU, Pierre. Homo academicus. 2. ed. Florianópolis: UFSC, 2017.BRASIL. Lei nº 5.540, de 28 de novembro de 1968. Fixa normas de organização e funcionamento do ensino superior e sua articulação com a escola média, e dá outras providências. Disponível em: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/LEIS/L5540.htm. Acesso em 20 jan. 2019.BRASIL. Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. RN-017/2006. Estabelece as normas gerais e específicas para as seguintes modalidades de bolsas por quota no país. Disponível em: http://cnpq.br/view/-/journal_content/56_INSTANCE_0oED/10157/100352. Acesso em 20 jan. 2018.CUNHA, Luiz Antônio. A universidade temporã: o ensino superior, da Colônia à Era Vargas. São Paulo: Editora UNESP, 2007.EL PAÍS. Cortes de verbas desmontam ciência brasileira e restringem pesquisa a mais ricos. São Paulo, 09 set. 2019. Disponível em: https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2019/09/03/politica/1567542296_718545.html. Acesso em 10 mai. 2020.FOLHA DE SP. Ciência sob ataque: a violência como forma de governo. São Paulo, 21 dez. 2019. Disponível em: https://facesdaviolencia.blogfolha.uol.com.br/?p=1232. Acesso em 10 mai. 2020.GARCIA, Maria Manuela Alves. O campo das produções simbólicas e o campo científico em Bourdieu. Cadernos de pesquisa, n. 97, p. 64-72, mai. 1996.JORNAL O GLOBO. CNPq reduz 87% da verba para equipamentos e materiais de pesquisa em 2020. Rio de Janeiro, 9 set. 2019. Disponível em: https://oglobo.globo.com/sociedade/educacao/cnpq-reduz-87-da-verba-para-equipamentos-materiais-de-pesquisa-em-2020-23927090. Acesso em 10 mai. 2020.LEBARON, Frédéric. Capital. In: CATANI, Afrânio Mendes et al. (Orgs.) Vocabulário Bourdieu. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica Editora, 2017LÜDKE, Menga. A complexa relação entre o professor e a pesquisa. In: ANDRÉ, Marli (Org.) O papel da pesquisa na formação e na prática dos professores. 12 ed. 5 reimp. Campinas, São Paulo: Papirus, 2015.MASSI, Luciana; QUEIROZ Salete Linhares. Pesquisas sobre iniciação científica no Brasil: características do seu desenvolvimento nas universidades e contribuições para os graduandos. Revista Brasileira de Iniciação Científica, v. 1, n. 1, p. 83-64, maio. 2014.MOURA, Daiana De Nez. Contribuições do PIBIC/CNPQ para a constituição do habitus de pesquisador. 2018. 70f. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Chapecó, 2018.OLIVEN, Arabela Campos. Histórico da educação superior no Brasil. In: SOARES, Maria Suzana Arrosa (Org.). A educação superior no Brasil. Brasília: CAPES, 2002. Disponível em: http://flacso.redelivre.org.br/files/2013/03/1109.pdf. Acesso em 20 jan. 2018.PEREIRA, Elaine Aparecida Teixeira. O conceito de campo de Pierre Bourdieu: possibilidade de análise para pesquisas em história da educação brasileira. Revista Linhas, v. 16, n. 32, p. 337-356, set./dez. 2015.PIRES, Regina Celi Machado. A formação inicial do professor pesquisador universitário no Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica – PIBIC/CNPq e a prática profissional de seus egressos: um estudo de caso da Universidade do Estado da Bahia. 2008. 355f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação). Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul. 2008.QUEIROZ, Alessandra Santos. A formação acadêmica nos processos de iniciação científica: programa institucional de bolsas de iniciação científica – PIBIC/CNPq. 2016. 67f. Dissertação (Mestrado Acadêmico em Educação). Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, campus de Joaçaba. 2016.SAMPAIO, Helena. Evolução do ensino superior brasileiro (1808-1990). Documento de Trabalho 8/91. Núcleo de Pesquisa sobre Ensino Superior da Universidade de São Paulo, 1991.SANTOS, Wildson Luiz Pereira dos. Educação científica na perspectiva de letramento como prática social: funções, princípios e desafios. Revista Brasileira de Educação, v. 12, n. 36, p. 474-550, set./dez. 2007.TROMBELLI, Renata Oliveira. PIBIC/CNPq no divã: um olhar para a efetividade do processo de iniciação científica na formação de pesquisadores em contabilidade. 2013. 135 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Contabilidade). Universidade Federal do Paraná. 2013.VALLE, Ione Ribeiro. Ler Homo Academicus. In: BOURDIEU, Pierre. Homo academicus. 2. ed. Florianópolis: UFSC, 2017.WACQUANT, Loïc. Habitus. In: CATANI, Afrânio Mendes et al. (Orgs.) Vocabulário Bourdieu. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica Editora, 2017.e3257096
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Karpov, Kirill V. « Epistemic Virtue of Wisdom and Evidentialism ». Epistemology & ; Philosophy of Science 58, no 4 (2021) : 196–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202158469.
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My primary concern in this article is the connection between virtue epistemology and evidentialism. This possible connection is analyzed upon, firstly, the example of the intellectual virtue of wisdom, and, secondly, the historical case – Thomas Aquinas’ approach to virtue of wisdom as an intellectual disposition (habitus). I argue that it is possible to offer such an interpretation of ‘intellectual virtue’ that aligns with the peripatetic tradition broadly understood (to which the epistemology of virtues ascends), and on the basis of which an evidentialist theory of justification is offered. In the first part of the paper, I briefly present the main interpretations of virtue epistemology and evidentialism in the light of externalism/internalism debate. In the second part I discuss Aquinas’ understanding of intellectual virtue as a disposition (habitus). The main concern here are virtues of theoretical habitus – wisdom and (scientific) knowledge. I show that habitus in this case is understood in two ways: as an ability, inherent to human beings, and as objective knowledge. Thus, there are two understandings of wisdom – as a virtue and knowledge (scientia). Finally, in the concluding parts of the paper, I outline possible ways of solving presented in the first part challenges to evidentialism and internalism.
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Souza, Maria Cristina Frères de, Maria Angélica de Almeida Peres, Gizele da Conceição Soares Martins et Antonio José de Almeida Filho. « Update of the professional habitus from the nurses at the national cancer institute (1980-1990) ». Texto & ; Contexto - Enfermagem 23, no 3 (septembre 2014) : 720–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072014001270013.
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Social historical study, whose goals are: to characterize the practice areas of nurses from the National Cancer Institute, where there was a need to incorporate new knowledge in oncology and discuss the symbolic gains for nurses. The primary sources were oral and written documents, analyzed according to Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of habitus and scientific capital. It was evident that, in the 1980s, the position of the Institute in the field of cancer care in Brazil, made the nurses acquire new knowledge in the areas of cancer surgery, clinical oncology and bone marrow transplantation. The nursing competences and procedures were reorganized and new patient care routines were structured. It is concluded that the strategies to occupy this space were developed through the sharing of scientific knowledge, with visibility of the scientific capital in the field of oncology and highly specialized care, getting national recognition.
Thèses sur le sujet "Scientific habitus"
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CARRADORE, ROBERTO. « Il movimento cibernetico statunitense. Analisi sociologica di un campo scientifico interdisciplinare ». Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore - Istituto Italiano di Scienze Umane, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/200927.
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L'ambito in cui si colloca la presente ricerca è la problematica della comunicazione scientifica nella prospettiva della sociologia dei movimenti scientifici. Il movimento della cibernetica statunitense trova la sua rilevanza come oggetto sociologico in quanto fenomeno sui generis, caratterizzato da forme di sviluppo e di successo non direttamente connesse alla fase nascente. L'approccio della teoria del campo di Bourdieu ha costituito un punto di partenza per l'analisi, focalizzando l'attenzione sulle dinamiche processuali di costruzione ricostruzione dell'identità del movimento nel corso del tempo. La ricerca è composta da due approfondimenti tematici: nella prima parte sono state individuate ed esaminate tre fasi di vita del movimento cibernetico (nascente, organizzativa, istituzionale) nell'ottica della costruzione del campo e dell'habitus specifico; nella seconda parte, che consiste in un'analisi della fase organizzativa è stato osservato il contesto delle piccole conferenze interdisciplinari come luogo di riproduzione dell'habitus cibernetico. Il risultato che è emerso nel corso della ricerca consiste in una riconsiderazione della vicenda della cibernetica a partire dalla situazione sociale del suo sviluppo, e in particolare delle forme di comunicazione interna ed esterna al campo scientifico, fornendo così un contributo non solo per la storiografia ma anche per l'analisi sociologica della scienza.
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Atayde, Vanessa Martins de. « Dinâmicas do reconhecimento : a (re) constituição do habitus do professor universitário ». Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2646.
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This study is the result of a field research theme of "social dynamics of recognition and the establishment of the university teacher habitus", made from semi-structured interviews that focused on family and school career / academic. The selected group of teachers was considered a department of excellence in science, from a public university in the state of São Paulo. Had we assume the formation of a habitus that is peculiar to these professionals and that related to the social construction of a professional identity and associated personnel rules and practices of academic-scientific. The objective was to analyze the existence of the relationship between the dynamics of recognition in the scientific field and the establishment of lasting provisions peculiar to their agents, which have shown to be associated with an ideal of performativity and success. In this perspective, from the use of qualitative research method and emphasis on discourse analysis as relevant social practice, we analyzed the relationships between values, choices and needs that guide individuals' sense of investment in scientific field; investment in their rules and their "game" peculiar.
Este estudo é resultado de uma pesquisa de campo, de tema dinâmicas sociais do reconhecimento e a constituição do habitus do professor universitário , realizada a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas que versavam sobre trajetória familiar e escolar/acadêmica. O grupo selecionado fora de professores de um departamento considerado de excelência no campo científico, de uma universidade pública do estado de São Paulo. Teve-se como hipótese a formação de um habitus que fosse peculiar a estes profissionais e que se relacionasse à construção social de uma identidade profissional e pessoal associada às normas e práticas do campo acadêmico-científico. Assim, objetivou-se analisar a existência da relação entre as dinâmicas do reconhecimento no campo científico e a constituição de disposições duradouras peculiares aos seus agentes, as quais demonstraram estar associadas a um ideal de performatividade e sucesso. Nesta perspectiva, a partir do emprego do método qualitativo de pesquisa e com ênfase na análise do discurso enquanto prática social relevante, foram analisadas as relações entre valores, escolhas e necessidades que orientam o senso de investimento dos indivíduos ao campo científico; ao investimento em suas regras e seu jogo peculiar.
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Chicarino, Angélica da Graça Gonçalves Palmeira [UNESP]. « Cultura científica : um estudo da relação entre cientistas ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102004.
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chicarino_aggp_dr_bauru.pdf: 559447 bytes, checksum: 0dbaeaeece6727a08d8cfe36becb4bc1 (MD5)Muitos questionamentos relativos ao conhecimento científico e tecnológico e sua pertinência social tem sido gerados em decorrência tanto do seu desenvolvimento quanto da especialização da ciência e da forma como ela se dividiu em setores e áreas do conhecimento. Este trabalho de constituição de significados culturais, visto pela perspectiva discursiva, busca, por meio de análise sistemática, identificar formações discursivas e, portanto, ideológicas, que constituem significações e correspondem, na prática, a pontos de vista, valores, escolhas e posições adotadas pelos cientistas, que são expressão de seus habitus, ao falarem à sociedade, abordando questões de ensino. Logo, o objetivo desta investigação é apreender, nos discursos de cientistas da pesquisa de base brasaileiros, aqui analisados, perspectivas relativas ao ensino de ciências que podem estar contribuindo para a formação de um imaginário da ciência desfavorável à perspectiva cultural proposta pela pesquisa em ensino e educação, bem como divisar possíveis pontos de sustentação da separação entre cientistas da pesquisa de base e os da aplicada, particularmente os estudiosos do ensino de ciências, que repercutem no não estabelecimento de uma perspectiva mais coesa sobre cultura científica em nosso país.
Many questions related to the scientific, and technological knowledge and their social relevance have been generated due to the science specialization and the form how it divided iself in sectors and areas of knowledge. This work of cultural meanings constitution, seen by the discourse perspective, seeks, by a systematic analysis, identify discursive formations and thus, ideological, that constitute meanings and are related to, in practice, points of view, values, choices and positions taken by scientists, that express their habitus, when they talk to the society about teaching issues. So, the intention of this work is to apprehend, in the discourses of the Brazilian scientists here studied, perspectives related to the teaching of sciences that could contribute to the the formation of an imaginary of the science unfavorable to the cultural perspective proposed by the research in education and teaching, also how to discern possible points of support of the separation between basic research scientists and applied research scientists that reverberate into the no establishment of a more unified perspective about scientific culture in our country.
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Chicarino, Angélica da Graça Gonçalves Palmeira. « Cultura científica : um estudo da relação entre cientistas / ». Bauru : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: Roberto NardiBanca: Claudio Bertolli Filho
Banca: Marcos Daniel Longuini
Banca: Ana Maria de Andrade Caldeira
Resumo: Muitos questionamentos relativos ao conhecimento científico e tecnológico e sua pertinência social tem sido gerados em decorrência tanto do seu desenvolvimento quanto da especialização da ciência e da forma como ela se dividiu em setores e áreas do conhecimento. Este trabalho de constituição de significados culturais, visto pela perspectiva discursiva, busca, por meio de análise sistemática, identificar formações discursivas e, portanto, ideológicas, que constituem significações e correspondem, na prática, a pontos de vista, valores, escolhas e posições adotadas pelos cientistas, que são expressão de seus habitus, ao falarem à sociedade, abordando questões de ensino. Logo, o objetivo desta investigação é apreender, nos discursos de cientistas da pesquisa de base brasaileiros, aqui analisados, perspectivas relativas ao ensino de ciências que podem estar contribuindo para a formação de um imaginário da ciência desfavorável à perspectiva cultural proposta pela pesquisa em ensino e educação, bem como divisar possíveis pontos de sustentação da separação entre cientistas da pesquisa de base e os da aplicada, particularmente os estudiosos do ensino de ciências, que repercutem no não estabelecimento de uma perspectiva mais coesa sobre cultura científica em nosso país.
Abstract: Many questions related to the scientific, and technological knowledge and their social relevance have been generated due to the science specialization and the form how it divided iself in sectors and areas of knowledge. This work of cultural meanings constitution, seen by the discourse perspective, seeks, by a systematic analysis, identify discursive formations and thus, ideological, that constitute meanings and are related to, in practice, points of view, values, choices and positions taken by scientists, that express their habitus, when they talk to the society about teaching issues. So, the intention of this work is to apprehend, in the discourses of the Brazilian scientists here studied, perspectives related to the teaching of sciences that could contribute to the the formation of an imaginary of the science unfavorable to the cultural perspective proposed by the research in education and teaching, also how to discern possible points of support of the separation between basic research scientists and applied research scientists that reverberate into the no establishment of a more unified perspective about scientific culture in our country.
Doutor
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Lima, Adriana de Sousa. « Prática científica dos agentes nas pesquisas em estratégia nos programas stricto sensu em administração no brasil sob a ótica de bourdieu ». Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/851.
Texte intégralRésumé :
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Previous issue date: 2016-06-09The context of the scientific research can be considered as a scientific field, a social space formed by power relations between agents which accumulate scientific capital. The operation of this field produces and assumes a specific form of interest, contaminated by the knowledge of the position occupied on the hierarchies established in the field that directly influence the scientific practices choices. In this essay was aimed to understand the research agents scientific practice in strategy in the academic programs in stricto sensu in Brazil, under the Bourdieu's perspective. The research s strategy combined aspects of praxiology proposed by Bourdieu with the study technique of collective case and involved statistical analysis with a set of in-depth interviews. The main findings demonstrates that scientific practices perform as a mechanical reaction, directly determined by the conditions that precede it, adjusted by the requirements contained in the field structures. It was identified in the research, among the epistemological approaches reviewed, the predominance of studies that seek to build objective relations in which the social agent appears as a mere performer of something that is objectively programmed, that is external and the hegemony of quantitative research. Finally, it was noticed that the scientific practice of agents on research in strategy rely on the recognition of a competence which, beyond the effects it produces, provides authority and contributes to define not only game s rules but also its regularity
O contexto da pesquisa científica pode ser considerado como campo científico, um espaço social formado por relações de força entre agentes que acumulam capital científico. O funcionamento desse campo produz e supõe uma forma específica de interesses, contaminado pelo conhecimento da posição ocupada nas hierarquias instituídas do campo e que influenciam diretamente as escolhas das práticas científicas. O estudo que se apresenta buscou compreender, sob a ótica de Bourdieu, a prática científica dos agentes das pesquisas em estratégia nos programas acadêmicos stricto sensu em administração no Brasil. A estratégia da pesquisa combinou aspectos da praxiologia proposta por Bourdieu e a técnica de estudo de caso coletivo e envolveu análises estatísticas com um conjunto de entrevistas em profundidade. Os principais achados demonstram que as práticas científicas funcionam como uma reação mecânica, diretamente determinada pelas condições que a antecedem, ajustadas às exigências inscritas nas estruturas do campo. Identificou-se, na pesquisa analisada, quanto às abordagens epistemológicas revisadas, a predominância de estudos que buscam construir relações objetivas em que o agente social aparece como mero executante de algo que se encontra objetivamente programado, que lhe é exterior, e a hegemonia de pesquisas quantitativas. Por fim, foi possível perceber que a prática científica dos agentes nas pesquisas em estratégia repousa sobre o reconhecimento de uma competência que, para além dos efeitos que ela produz, proporciona autoridade e contribui para definir não somente as regras do jogo, mas também sua regularidade.
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Santos, Andreia Patrícia dos. « Fazer ciência e fazer-se cientista em Pernambuco : o caso da FACEPE ». Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, 2012. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6314.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The main objective of this dissertation is to understand and analyze the Foundation for Science and Technology of the State of Pernambuco (FACEPE), its practices (management and operation procedures) and the relationship with stakeholders (researchers). It starts with the hypothesis that the practices used by the Foundation are strongly related to the experience and knowledgement accumulated in the scientific field, throughout history. This accumulation has led to the formation of a scientific culture and thus the construction of an habitus of the science professional, including expressing the particularity and universality of scientists from Pernambuco. This field consists of struggles and conflicts between actors involved in the constant pursuit of scientific authority, distinction and a better positioning in the field itself. Under these circumstances, FACEPE is understood as a microcosm of the scientific field, since it supplies symbolic and economic resources, while producing and reproducing the logic of the academic community. In this context, the research supports the theory of Pierre Bourdieu, as regards the notion of scientific field and habitus. The research procedures included interviews and form applications, as well as documentary and bibliographic sources. The period of analysis focused on 1989, year of creation of the Foundation, until 2011. As a result, it is possible to highlight that the actions of the Foundation are a reproduction of the sense of the scientific field, such as the occupation of management positions (its president and scientific director) and operating (its council and chamber). These are areas characterized by authority and academic competence, peer recognition, distinction and accumulation of symbolic capital (scientific, educational, social, etc.), embodied largely in Curriculum Lattes plataform. One of the manifestations of these are the edicts, since they also obey the rules established in the field, since the symbolic capital of the agent (the Curriculum Lattes) has great importance when assessing the merit of the project. Plus, another aspect identified from the data analysis is that there is a reproduction of the established order within the scientific community of Pernambuco, both by agents already present (certain researchers in relation to others) compared to younger and/or "newcomers" to the field, and with regard to certain areas instead of others, such as the natural and exact sciences facing the field of humanities. These elements show the characteristics of science and of their own habitus.O objetivo principal da presente dissertação é compreender e analisar a Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE), suas práticas (forma de gestão e funcionamento) e a relação com os agentes (pesquisadoras e pesquisadores). Parte-se da hipótese que as práticas utilizadas pela Fundação estão fortemente relacionadas com as experiências e conhecimentos acumulados no campo científico, ao longo da história. Tal acúmulo deu origem à formação de uma cultura científica e, assim, a construção de um habitus do profissional da ciência, inclusive manifestando as particularidades e universalidades dos cientistas pernambucanos. Esse campo é constituído por lutas e conflitos entre os agentes na constante busca pela autoridade científica, distinção e melhor posicionamento no próprio campo. Nessas circunstâncias, a FACEPE é compreendida como um microcosmo do campo científico, uma vez que oferta recursos financeiros e simbólicos, sem deixar de produzir e reproduzir a lógica da comunidade acadêmica. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa se respalda na teoria de Pierre Bourdieu, no que se refere à noção de campo científico e habitus. Os procedimentos de pesquisa incluíram entrevistas e aplicação de questionários, bem como fontes documentais e bibliográficas. O período de análise focalizou o ano de 1989, ano de criação da Fundação, até 2011. Como resultados, é possível destacar que, nas ações desta Fundação há uma reprodução do sentido do campo científico, tais como: a ocupação dos cargos de gestão (presidência e diretoria científica) e operativos (conselho e câmara). Estes são espaços caracterizados pela autoridade e competência acadêmica, reconhecimento dos pares, distinção e acúmulo de capitais simbólicos (científico, escolar, sociais, etc.), encarnado, em larga medida, no Currículo Lattes. Uma das manifestações disso são os editais, visto que os mesmos, também, obedecem às regras estabelecidas no campo, uma vez que, os capitais simbólicos do agente (seu Currículo Lattes) tem grande peso no momento da avaliação do mérito do projeto. Neste sentido, outro aspecto identificado a partir da análise dos dados é que há uma reprodução da ordem estabelecida no seio da própria comunidade científica pernambucana, tanto por parte dos agentes já consagrados (de determinados pesquisadores em relação a outros) ante aos mais jovens e/ou recém-chegados ao campo, quanto no que diz respeito a determinadas áreas sobre outras, como é o caso das ciências naturais e exatas frente à área das humanas. Tais elementos revelam as características do campo científico e de seu próprio habitus.
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Mårtensson, Mårten. « Doktoranden och forskningsmiljön : En empirisk livsåskådningsstudie ». Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-111569.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis presents an empirical study of the meeting between a group of doctoral students and their research milieus, understood as a web of values in the social rooms. The purpose is to explore what these research milieus mean for the doctoral students and their questions about views of life. The theoretical points of departure are on one hand the Uppsala Studies in Faith and Ideologies and on the other the concept of habitus in the study Homo Academicus of Pierre Bourdieu, including the idea that the postgraduate studies can be seen as a secondary socialization. The study consists of three parts: an observation study, a questionnaire study and a field survey consisting of personal interviews. The results are in short: 1. Approximately seven of ten doctoral students reflect on questions about views of life every day or every week. 2. The milieus of views of life, as interwoven parts of the research milieus, have influence on how the doctoral students think about questions of life. The empirical material shows that there is “a now” and “a then” to these questions. There often appears to be a difference between the cluster of life values in the research milieu and the much more soft values of the students that initiates this process. 3. The value process mentioned above that is an important part of the secondary socialization often ends in conformity with those values that are parts of the present paradigm. However the process can also end in such a value conflict that the students (ca 25%) often or very often have reflected on discontinuing their postgraduate studies. The students’ soft values seem to be more important than the values they meet in the research milieu. 4. These value questions, including the research ethics and the postulates of the paradigms, have little or no place in the university education. A part of the participants are of the opinion that questions about views of life are taboo in their research milieu. The results from the empirical study are then confronted first with the theoretical concepts of Pierre Bourdieu, particularly his overly structuralistic view of agents and their habitus, and then with some central moments in the theoretical concept of Anders Jeffner, the prominent figure in Uppsala studies in faiths and ideologies. It is Jeffner’s individualistic view of the autonomous actor with a relative constancy in views of life that is called into question by the empirical results of this study.
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Gunvik-Grönbladh, Ingegerd. « Att bli bemött och att bemöta : En studie om meritering i tillsättning av lektorat vid Uppsala universitet ». Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-234705.
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The general purpose of this thesis is to contribute to further understanding of the academic appointment process explored and defined as participation in a collegial educational process. The appointment process for academic positions has historically been regulated by state authorities ever since the first university was established in Sweden and has continuously been questioned for necessity, procedure etc. The object of study is the appointment process focusing the consideration of teaching skill in appointing academic teachers. A theoretical construction is used as a method in order to grasp what the experts and applicants consider. The thesis draws theoretical inspiration from the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu especially his work on social practice and his explanations within praxeological knowledge. In this thesis cultural capital, habitus and doxa are used as concepts for constructing a social practice. Inspired by Bourdieu’s concepts, the appointment process is made visible grounded on documentation: judgments of qualifications written by external experts and the applicants’ documentation in their applications. The empirical material on merits is analyzed according to Bourdieu’s indicators on symbolic capacities. The disposition of habitus (as an inner organizing principle) is limited to cultural capital and background demographic data. The indicators on scientific skill are also transmitted into symbolic capacities on teaching skill. Three appointments as assistant professors are analyzed, framed by information on advertisement, description of documentation, time lapse and final decision in appointment committees. The main conclusions are that the experts select whom to appoint using their practical sense unaware of the driving forces, explained as social practice. The experts act in line with the purpose of the assignment and they follow all the rules and instructions. Teaching skill is focused by the applicants and experts as practical mastery in the subject field (pedagogical authority). Selection is explained by the concept of habitus. Another conclusion is the tendency to “nuanced” co-optation similar to when appointments were made by self selection and teaching ability was important in early 19th century. A final conclusion is that in positioning of arguments in shared beliefs (doxa) in questioning the appointment process, researchers in the early years of this century represent heterodox opinions.
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Trulove, Nicholas F. « Social and Scientific Factors Impacting Mule Deer Habitat Conservation in the Intermountain West ». Thesis, Prescott College, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1539500.
Texte intégralRésumé :
For mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in the Intermountain West, alterations to habitat are outpacing strategies to mitigate human disturbance on critical seasonal ranges and migration routes.
Conserving mule deer habitat requires cooperation between a diverse group of stakeholders, state wildlife agencies, and federal land management agencies. The first chapter of this thesis explores the current and historical relationship between state wildlife agencies, citizen stakeholders, and federal agencies in order to highlight opportunities to improve cooperative habitat conservation in the United States. Conservation is a result of social, political, and economic action, but relies upon science to inform policy. The second chapter explores the seasonal habitat use of mule deer in southwestern Wyoming. In response to low fawn recruitment, the Wyoming Game and Fish Department deployed 15 GPS collars on adult female mule deer in an effort to enhance knowledge of mule deer population dynamics, migrations, and habitat use. The study captured two winter climate regimes, with greater winter severity during the 2010-11 winter compared to the winter of 2011-12. Deer migrated an average of 23.9 km (SE = 2.2) between seasonal ranges, and completed spring migrations nearly one month earlier following the milder winter of 2011-12 (t19 = 5.53, df = 19, P ≤ 0.001). Pooled, the average area of winter ranges (1057 ha, SE = 103, n = 26) was larger than summer ranges (423 ha, SE = 51 ha, n = 25) (t = −5.44, df = 49, P ≤ 0.001), with no increase or decrease in size of seasonal ranges detected between years (P = 0.243) according to a post-hoc Tukey HSD test. Between years, deer were observed to shift the geographic center of winter ranges (2.9 km, SE = 1.1, n = 12) to a larger degree than summer ranges (0.4 km, SE = 0.1, n = 12) (t = −2.20, df = 22, P = 0.040). Survival and pregnancy rates (86% and 96%, respectively) correlated closely with other mule deer studies, and neither factor appears to negatively impact population growth.
Identifying seasonal ranges and migration routes, and quantifying seasonal habitat use, will assist Wyoming Game and Fish Department efforts to protect mule deer seasonal habitats and migration routes, and direct vegetation manipulations intended to improve the nutritional quality of habitats. On average, winter ranges included a later percentage of shrub-dominated habitat (83.8%, SE = 0.3, n = 26) than summer ranges (57.5%, SE = 2.0, n = 25) (t = −4.42, df = 49, P ≤ 0.001). Summer ranges averaged a greater proportion of agricultural lands (2.8%, SE = 1.1, n = 25) and aspen (Populus tremuloides ) habitats (9.0%, SE = 2.2, n = 25) than winter ranges (0.1%, SE = 0.1, n = 26 and 0.2%, SE = 0.0, n = 26, respectively) (t = 3.03, df = 49, P = 0.004 and t= 3.86, df = 49, P ≤ 0.001, respectively). Mule deer ranges are primarily located on Bureau of Land Management (73%, SE = 2.8, n = 51) and privately owned (17.3%, SE = 2.9, n = 51) lands, highlighting opportunities for cooperative partnerships for mule deer habitat conservation.
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Bonfante, Simone. « Docudipity : estensione di un ambiente per esplorare tendenze nella scrittura di articoli scientifici ». Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11956/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In questa tesi verrà mostrato un sistema innovativo, finalizzato a supportare l’esplorazione e l’analisi di collezioni di articoli scientifici. Il nome stesso, DocuDipity, deriva dall’unione di "Document" e "Serendipity", cioè fare scoperte inattese sui documenti e in particolare sul modo in cui i sono scritti.
Grazie a DocuDipity è possibile individuare particolare proprietà degli articoli, ad esempio la distribuzione delle citazioni o dei contributi di autori diversi, senza l’obbligo di sfogliare pagina per pagina gli articoli.
Livres sur le sujet "Scientific habitus"
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Paradigms & barriers : How habits of mind govern scientific beliefs. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1993.
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Dey, Paul D. Videographic habitat analysis on the Spence-Moriarity Wildlife Habitat Management Unit. Cheyenne, Wyo : Wyoming Game and Fish Dept., Fish Division, 1996.
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Damm, Ursula, et Mindaugas Gapsevicius, dir. Shared Habitats. Bielefeld, Germany : transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839456477.
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The interactions between artistic, technical, scientific, living, and nonliving things have inspired new artistic approaches. The contributors to this volume either relate to theoretical discourses raised by artworks, show how young artists today approach cultural issues, or develop situations of living together with other species. All the contributions to this publication by writers, artists, technologies, and other organisms invite the reader into new experiences and new imaginaries. The reader is also invited to rethink the role of art and the role of the artist within umwelts, milieus, and habitats.
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Cristofoli, Roberto. L' alimentazione nell'antica Roma : Aspetti storici, scientifici e sociali. Roma : Il calamo, 2005.
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Fostering scientific habits of mind : Pedagogical knowledge and best practices in science education. Rotterdam, Netherlands : Sense Publishers, 2009.
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Heiser, Maggie. Oscar's ocean : A simulation of a scientific cruise to explore the ocean's habitat. Lakeside, Calif : Interaction Publishers, 1991.
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P, Hayes John. An independent scientific review of Oregon Department of Forestry's proposed western Oregon state forests habitat conservation plan. [Corvallis, Or. ? : Dept. of Forest Sciences, College of Forestry, Oregon State University?, 1998.
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Simon, Matthias. Ecology and conservation of bats in villages and towns : Results of the scientific part of the testing & development project "Creating a network of roost sites for bat species inhabiting human settlement". Bonn : Bundesamt für Naturschutz, 2004.
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1932-, Katayama Tadao, dir. Studies on distribution and ecotypic differentiations of wild and cultivated rice species in Africa : Report of the overseas scientific ... Kagoshima, Japan : Kagoshima University, Research Center for South Pacific, 1987.
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1928-, Hayasaka Shōzō, dir. Marine ecological study on the habitat of Nautilus Pompilus in Fuji (the second operation) : Report of the Monbusho International scientific research program = [Monbushō kagaku kenkyūhi kaigai gakujutsu chōsa hōkoku]. Kagoshima, Japan : Kagoshima University Research Center for the South Pacific, 1988.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Scientific habitus"
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Innes, Jr, William C. « Power, Habitus, and Material Practice (1970–Present) ». Dans Popular Culture, Religion and Society. A Social-Scientific Approach, 35–53. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69974-1_3.
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Hwa, Kuan. « Global urban humanity – the “embodiment” of embodying peripheries ». Dans Embodying Peripheries, 8–23. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-661-2.01.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Human "embodiment" is a polysemous term that has rich multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinary dimensions from various histories of consciousness. As a paradigm for various methodologies, it emphasizes the lived experience and the immanence of the human condition, especially regarding sensory habitus, bodily ways of knowing, and the material-social dimension of humanity within a historically/geographically situated context; it validates all people as bearers of their own insight and knowledge, and emphasizes that experience itself serves as a phenomenological basis for understanding. Embodiment is thus not reducible to an abstract philosophical project, but rather holds possibilities for a practical and applied ethics. In the context of peripheries, embodiment can be understood as the commitment to marginalized communities and teaches us both the scientific and humanistic value of compassion.
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Crangle, Colleen. « Command Satisfaction and the Acquisition of Habits ». Dans Patrick Suppes : Scientific Philosopher, 223–41. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1152-2_10.
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Sholl, David S. « The Seven Habits of Highly Ineffective Researchers ». Dans Success and Creativity in Scientific Research, 35–49. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021. : CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003107095-3.
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Hirche, Hans-Jürgen. « Zooplankton Habitats of the Greenland Sea ». Dans Jan Mayen Island in Scientific Focus, 123–33. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2957-8_12.
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Dyreson, Mark. « Scientific Habits of Mind, Technological Revolutions, and American Sport ». Dans A Companion to American Sport History, 107–29. Oxford : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118609446.ch5.
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Kyyak, Volodymyr. « Dispersal of Plants in Remote Arctic-Alpine Habitats ». Dans Jan Mayen Island in Scientific Focus, 195–206. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2957-8_18.
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Zuckerberg, Benjamin, Falk Huettmann et Jacqueline Frair. « Proper Data Management as a Scientific Foundation for Reliable Species Distribution Modeling ». Dans Predictive Species and Habitat Modeling in Landscape Ecology, 45–70. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7390-0_4.
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Jakimaviči ūtė, Irma. « Protection of Rare Species and Habitats in the Armed Forces of Lithuania ». Dans Defense and the Environment : Effective Scientific Communication, 207–16. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2084-8_23.
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Valavanis, Vasilis D. « Preface : European Commission’s’ scientific Support to Policies’ Action EnviEFH : Environmental Approach to Essential Fish Habitat Designation ». Dans Essential Fish Habitat Mapping in the Mediterranean, 1–3. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9141-4_1.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Scientific habitus"
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Miletić-Stepanović, Vesna. « GAMBLING AS THE TOURIST HABITUS ». Dans 6th INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE GEOBALCANICA 2020. Geobalcanica Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18509/gbp.2020.57.
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Chenikalova, E. V. « REGULATION OF THE NUMBER OF AN ORDINARY STEM BREAD SAWER BY A SPECIALIZED PARASITE COLLYRIA COXATOR VILL. » Dans V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-83.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Stem grain sawflies (Hymenoptera, Cephidae) on the territory of the Stavropol Territory and adjacent regions significantly damage winter crops. An effective natural entomophage of the common sawfly Cephus pygmaeus L. is the collyria ichneumonid (Collyria coxator Villers, 1879). Close correlations of the degree of colliery efficiency with weather conditions during the summer of the host and the parasite, the similarity of requirements for the habitus of the fodder plant were established.
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Jakubec, Pavel, Santiago Montoya-Molina, Jarin Qubaiova, Martin Novak et Martina Vetrovska. « BIOTOPE PREFERENCES OF OICEOPTOMA THORACICUM (COLEOPTERA : SILPHIDAE) ». Dans 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s20.011.
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Biotope or habitat preferences are important species characteristics that can be used for understanding their ecology, as well as their conservation, and even as a tool for crime investigations for detection of post-mortem body manipulation. However, the characterization of species� habitat preferences can be difficult. There are several limiting factors like lack of quantitative data and reliance on anecdotal evidence for this trait. Further, we must consider the reaction to the border between two neighboring habitats. These ecotones are important biodiversity hotspots in the landscape, which combine characteristics of both habitats, but some specialist species seem to avoid them. To characterize habitat preference of the potentially forensically important necrophagous beetle Oiceoptoma thoracicum (Linnaeus, 1758), we set up an experiment in the transition zone between the meadow and forest habitat. The individuals of O. thoracicum were collected using baited pitfall traps across two habitats and at ecotone. The traps were exposed for two weeks after which the samples were taken to the laboratory, where they were sorted and the specimens of O. thoracicum were sexed and counted. The obtained data were evaluated by a generalized linear model to establish the relationship between the presence and abundance of the focal species and distance from the ecotone. We found that the abundance of the species significantly changes along the forest-meadow gradient and shows a preference for woods. Its abundances at the ecotone and on meadows was low, showing a clear preference for forest habitats. This has important implications for the forensic use of the species, as it can be used to detect post-mortem body manipulation.
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A.V., Shokurova, Anishchenko O. V., Kashinskaya E.N. et Solovyev M.M. « THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF BILE OF SOME MARINE AND FRESHWATER FISH SPECIES AND ITS POSSIBLE PRACTICAL APPLICATION IN AQUACULTURE ». Dans II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN PROBLEMS OF AQUACULTURE" ("AQUACULTURE 2022" CONFERENCE). DSTU-Print, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/aquaculture.2022.29-31.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The elemental composition of the bile of 429 fish individuals of 21 species of freshwater and marine fish has studied. Macroelements (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S), regardless of the diets and habitat of fish, were in the highest concentrations if compare to other elements. However, it is possible to note some differences in the concentrations of such macronutrients as K and Na between marine and freshwater species. Cu, Li and Sr were found in the bile of all studied freshwater species, while bile form marine species has always contained elements such as As, Cu, Li, Se and Sr. At the same time, Bi, Cd, Mo and Tl were absent in most species of both freshwater and marine fishes. Statistical analysis has revealed that such factors as “feeding habits”, “habit”, “season” and “year" had a significant effect on the elemental composition of fish bile. The obtained data of the elemental composition of bile are applicable to the creation of selective artificial nutrient media and species-specific feeds.
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Prokopovich, A. K., O. N. Yaroslavtseva et V. Y. Kryukov. « MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI BEAUVERIA AND METARHIZIUM OF THE UPPER OBRIA AND THEIR STATIONARY ASSOCIATION ». Dans V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-74.
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Molecular phylogeny of entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium, Beauveria (199 Isolates) from different biocenoses of two climatic zones of the Novosibirsk Region (Western Siberia) was conducted using translation elongation factor gene (EF1a) sequence. Three species of Metarhizium and two species of Beauveria were identified: M. robertsii (54 isolates) M. brunneum (35 isolates) and M. pemphigum (2 isolates) B. bassiana (19 isolates) and B. pseudobassiana (9 isolates). Analisys of spatial distribution showed that M. robertsii preferred more xerophile habitats compared to M. brunneum. Moreover, genetic groups with different habitat association were revealed within M. robertsii. There are no differences in habitat association were registered for Beauveria species.
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Harrison, Ariane Lourie. « Architecture and Analogous Habitats ». Dans AIA/ACSA Intersections Conference. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.20.5.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Harrison Atelier proposes architecture for multiple species in projects that range from pavilion-scale agricultural infrastructure to speculations for new urban ecologies. Such built work represents the application of principles from architectural theories of the posthuman, namely a focus that seeks to integrate habitats for non-humans into architectural design concerns. The Pollinators Pavilion by architect Ariane Harrison, seeks a larger role for architecture in environmental activism and focuses on biodiversity conservation and materials exploration. Harrison Atelier uses artificial intelligence and automated scientific monitoring strategies to create and analyze habitat systems and increase building awareness.
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Margaritova, Violeta. « STUDY ON EXPLOSIVE POWER OF LOWER LIMBS IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS ». Dans INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/27.
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ABSTRACT Explosive power is a motor quality with wide application and need for development in various sports. Every sport requires different methods and training. For this reason, we have conducted some experimental work, whose goal is to do more specific research on explosive power in rhythmic gymnastics. The aim of the experiment is to study the development of motor quality “explosive power of the lower limbs” and the transfer of motor habits among 10 – 12-year-old female gymnasts. An experimental methodology consisting of 12 exercises for the development of explosive power of lower limbs has been applied for 2 months (3 times a week) to the experimental group. The “Vertical Jump”, “Split Leap” and “Turning Split Leap” tests were used to check the transfer of motor habits. The analysis of the results has showed that after the sports-pedagogical experiment, the experimental group significantly improved their results – by 4,30 cm on the “Vertical Jump” test and by 16,10 cm on the “Standing Long Jump” test. We found a positive transfer of motor habit when comparing the results between “Vertical Jump” and “Split Leap”. The study gives us reason to conclude that the experimental methodology, developed and applied in this study, works and can be used in coaching practice. Significant development of explosive power of lower limbs has been achieved in the 10- 12-year-old gymnasts and the ease of performing jumps was increased as well, which helps them to more easily learn and master their technical performance according to the requirements of rhythmic gymnastics and the FIG Code of Points.
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Alkiyumi, Mohammed. « THE TRANSITION OF MIND HABITS TOWARDS WRITING SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ». Dans International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2016.1862.
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Szarková, Xénia. « Slovak Young Adults and Their Beer Consumption Habits ». Dans International Scientific Days 2022. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/isd2022.s3.13.
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Zobov, Dmitry Nikolaevich. « Bad habits in modern Russian society ». Dans XII International Student Scientific and Practical Conference, chair Elena Nikolaevna Lobanova. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-115889.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Scientific habitus"
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Douglas, Thomas, M. Jorgenson, Hélène Genet, Bruce Marcot et Patricia Nelsen. Interior Alaska DoD training land wildlife habitat vulnerability to permafrost thaw, an altered fire regime, and hydrologic changes. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43146.
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Climate change and intensification of disturbance regimes are increasing the vulnerability of interior Alaska Department of Defense (DoD) training ranges to widespread land cover and hydrologic changes. This is expected to have profound impacts on wildlife habitats, conservation objectives, permitting requirements, and military training activities. The objective of this three-year research effort was to provide United States Army Alaska Garrison Fort Wainwright, Alaska (USAG-FWA) training land managers a scientific-based geospatial framework to assess wildlife habitat distribution and trajectories of change and to identify vulnerable wildlife species whose habitats and resources are likely to decline in response to permafrost degradation, changing wildfire regimes, and hydrologic reorganization projected to 2100. We linked field measurements, data synthesis, repeat imagery analyses, remote sensing measurements, and model simulations focused on land cover dynamics and wildlife habitat characteristics to identify suites of wildlife species most vulnerable to climate change. From this, we created a robust database linking vegetation, soil, and environmental characteristics across interior Alaska training ranges. The framework used is designed to support decision making for conservation management and habitat monitoring, land use, infrastructure development, and adaptive management across the interior Alaska DoD cantonment and training land domain.
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Or, Dani, Shmulik Friedman et Jeanette Norton. Physical processes affecting microbial habitats and activity in unsaturated agricultural soils. United States Department of Agriculture, octobre 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587239.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
experimental methods for quantifying effects of water content and other dynamic environmental factors on bacterial growth in partially-saturated soils. Towards this end we reviewed critically the relevant scientific literature and performed theoretical and experimental studies of bacterial growth and activity in modeled, idealized and real unsaturated soils. The natural wetting-drying cycles common to agricultural soils affect water content and liquid organization resulting in fragmentation of aquatic habitats and limit hydraulic connections. Consequently, substrate diffusion pathways to soil microbial communities become limiting and reduce nutrient fluxes, microbial growth, and mobility. Key elements that govern the extent and manifestation of such ubiquitous interactions include characteristics of diffusion pathways and pore space, the timing, duration, and extent of environmental perturbations, the nature of microbiological adjustments (short-term and longterm), and spatial distribution and properties of EPS clusters (microcolonies). Of these key elements we have chosen to focus on a manageable subset namely on modeling microbial growth and coexistence on simple rough surfaces, and experiments on bacterial growth in variably saturated sand samples and columns. Our extensive review paper providing a definitive “snap-shot” of present scientific understanding of microbial behavior in unsaturated soils revealed a lack of modeling tools that are essential for enhanced predictability of microbial processes in soils. We therefore embarked on two pronged approach of development of simple microbial growth models based on diffusion-reaction principles to incorporate key controls for microbial activity in soils such as diffusion coefficients and temporal variations in soil water content (and related substrate diffusion rates), and development of new methodologies in support of experiments on microbial growth in simple and observable porous media under controlled water status conditions. Experimental efforts led to a series of microbial growth experiments in granular media under variable saturation and ambient conditions, and introduction of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) to study cell size, morphology and multi-cell arrangement at a high resolution from growth experiments in various porous media. The modeling efforts elucidated important links between unsaturated conditions and microbial coexistence which is believed to support the unparallel diversity found in soils. We examined the role of spatial and temporal variation in hydration conditions (such as exist in agricultural soils) on local growth rates and on interactions between two competing microbial species. Interestingly, the complexity of soil spaces and aquatic niches are necessary for supporting a rich microbial diversity and the wide array of microbial functions in unsaturated soils. This project supported collaboration between soil physicists and soil microbiologist that is absolutely essential for making progress in both disciplines. It provided a few basic tools (models, parameterization) for guiding future experiments and for gathering key information necessary for prediction of biological processes in agricultural soils. The project sparked a series of ongoing studies (at DTU and EPFL and in the ARO) into effects of soil hydration dynamics on microbial survival strategy under short term and prolonged desiccation (important for general scientific and agricultural applications).
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Schmidt, A. M., et R. A. Smidt. Scientific analysis of the status of designated Natura 2000 areas and the protection of nitrogen-sensitive species and habitats : Dutch contribution. Wageningen : Wageningen Environmental Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/447946.
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Saltus, Christina, et Eric Britzke. Literature review : macrohabitat metrics to identify presence of chiroptera on the landscape in the United States. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45523.
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This special report reviews current scientific literature to identify the most commonly cited metrics used to describe the macrohabitat criteria important for Chiroptera presence in the United States. The review evaluates 69 scientific articles from 1994 to 2018. The most commonly cited metrics were divided into four main categories: tree-species-level metrics, landscape-level metrics, distance metrics, and topographic and atmospheric metrics. Of all metrics found, the top six most common metrics noted across all articles were percent canopy cover, diameter at breast height (DBH), forest type, distance to water, distance to roads or other urban features, and tree density. In addition, 27 of the 47 (57%) bat species located within the United States were represented. These metrics provide important insight into the regional or national species-level distribution and assist with modeling the relationship between species distribution and habitat change.
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Lindquist, Christine, et Tasseli McKay. Sexual Harassment Experiences and Consequences for Women Faculty in Science, Engineering, and Medicine. RTI Press, juin 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.pb.0018.1806.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In a qualitative study of 40 women faculty in sciences, engineering, and medicine (http://sites.nationalacademies.org/SexualHarrassment.htm), respondents at all career levels and fields reported a range of sexual harassment experiences, including gender-based harassment (e.g., gendered insults, lewd comments), unwanted sexual advances, stalking, and sexual assault by a colleague. Sexual harassment experiences often diminished study participants' scientific productivity as energy was diverted into efforts to process emotional responses, manage the perpetrator, report the harassment, or work to prevent recurrences. Many women who experienced sexual harassment adjusted their work habits and withdrew physically or interpersonally from their departments, colleagues, and fields. Study participants who disclosed harassment to a supervisor or department leader often reported that the reactions they received made them feel dismissed and minimized. Sympathetic responses were often met with dismissiveness, minimization, or sympathy, but active or formal support was rarely provided, and women were typically discouraged from pursuing further action. Formal reporting using university procedures was often avoided. University-level reporting sometimes damaged women's relationships with department colleagues. Women who disclosed their experiences often faced long-term, negative impacts on their careers. Study participants identified opportunities to address sexual harassment by (1) harnessing the power of university leaders, department leaders, and peer bystanders to affect the academic climate; (2) instituting stronger and better-enforced institutional policies on sexual harassment with clear and appropriate consequences for perpetrators; and (3) advancing the cross-institutional work of scientific and professional societies to change the culture in their fields.
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Khan, Mahreen. The Environmental Impacts of War and Conflict. Institute of Development Studies, mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.060.
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In modern warfare, the first widely acknowledged scientific study and documented case of environmental damage during conflict was the (direct and deliberate) use of Agent Orange and other toxic chemicals by US forces, from 1961-1971, during the Vietnam War in a policy known as herbicide. The Vietnam War has been relatively well documented for the sheer horror and magnitude of the devastation to natural habitats and because it was the first war where television and global media brought vivid images and accounts into people’s homes, making the war a matter of political and public conscience This helped stir academic and scientific interest and facilitated evidence collection and documentation of environmental damages. This helpdesk report is a rapid literature review on the main environmental impacts of war and conflict, drawing primarily on academic, and peer reviewed literature and only some policy and practitioner sources, as per the request. Where current situations are discussed, such as the ongoing Ukraine war, a few blogs are referred to. Within the literature focused on the environmental impacts of conflict, common case studies include: the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) bombing of Kosovo (1999), and the conflict in the Donbas region of Ukraine (2014). Interestingly there is comparatively less literature on the conflicts in Afghanistan (2001-2021), the Iraq-Iran War (1980-1988), the Gulf Wars (1991 and 2003), the Yemeni civil war (2014 – present) and the ongoing war in Syria (since 2011) despite their relatively greater severity, intensity and duration.
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Gottlieb, Yuval, et Bradley A. Mullens. Might Bacterial Symbionts Influence Vectorial Capacity of Biting Midges for Ruminant Viruses ? United States Department of Agriculture, septembre 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7699837.bard.
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- Original objectives and revision: The feasibility study performed in the last year was aimed at determining the symbiotic profiles of eight selected Culicoidesspecies in Israel and the USA by: Comparing bacterial communities among geographic populations of primary bluetongue virus (BTV) vectors. Comparing bacterial communities between adults of field-collected, mammal-feeding BTV vectors and non-vectors. Comparing bacterial communities within and between mammal feeders and bird feeders, with special attention to species with unique immature habitats. We made an effort to collect the eight species during the beginning of the project, however, due to the short available collection season, and the significant changes in habitats available for Israeli Culicoides, we initially determined the symbiotic profile of five species: two BTV vectors (C. sonorensis, C. imicola), one mammal feeders with unknown vectoring ability (C. schultzei), one bird feeder (C. crepuscularis), and one unique habitat species (C. cacticola). In addition, upon preliminary symbiont identification we focused our effort on relevant specific symbionts. Background: Biting midges (Culicoides, Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of many major viral diseases affecting farm animals, including BT, which is listed among the most damaging by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and has recently emerged in completely unexpected areas (Northern Europe). One of the strategies to reduce the vectorial capacity of insect vectors is by manipulating their specific symbionts either to affect the vector species or to influence performance of the disease agent within it. Despite significant efforts to elucidate the vectorial capacity of certain Culicoidesspecies, and the critical basis of variability in infection, almost no attention has been given to symbiotic interactions between the vector and its bacterial tenants. It is now established that bacterial symbionts have major influences on their host biology, and may interact with disease agents vectored by their hosts. - Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: During the feasibility project we have found two major bacterial symbionts in Israeli and American Culicoides. In Israel we discovered that C. imicola, a known vector of BT, and C. schultzeigp. a suspected vector of BT, carry the symbiotic bacterium Cardinium, a reproductive manipulator symbiont. In C. imicolathe infection rate was close to 50%, and in C. schultzeiit was lower, and restricted to one of two species within Schultzeigroup. In 3 American species (C. sonorensis, C. crepuscularis, C. cacticola) we found the bacterium Burkholderiasp. In all species tested we have also found other bacterial species in diverse quantities and frequencies. - Implications, both scientific and agricultural: Finding specific symbionts in Culicoidesvector species is the first step in developing symbiont based control (SBC) strategies. Both identified symbionts are known from other insects, and Cardiniumis also known as a reproductive manipulator that can cause cytoplasmic incompatibility, an important phenomenon that can be used for spreading desired traits in infected populations. The role of the symbionts in Culicoideshost can be target for manipulation to reduce the vectorial capacity of the host by either changing its fitness so that it is unable to serve as a vector, or by directly changing the symbiont in a way that will affect the performance of the disease agent in its vector. Since Burkholderiaperhaps can be cultured independently of the host, it is a promising candidate for the later option. Thus, we have now opened the door for studying the specific interactions between symbionts and vector species.
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Rinkevich, Baruch, et Cynthia Hunter. Inland mariculture of reef corals amenable for the ornamental trade. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695880.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The worldwide market for ornamental saltwater invertebrates supplies the needs of millions of aquarium hobbyists, public exhibitions (i.e., zoos) universities and research institutions. With respect to reef building corals, it is estimated that more than half a million coral colonies/year from a total 93 genera, were exported globally during the period of 1985-1997. International value of retail sale of live coral trade alone is estimated as $78 million in 1997 (not including the illegally, widely smuggled material). The continuous, large-scale collection of marine organisms is responsible, in many places, for the destruction of coral reefs. The expected expansion of the trade further threatens these fragile habitats. While no true captive-bred corals are commercially available, our long-term goal is to develop ex situ inland farming of coral colonies that will circumvent the need for in situ collections and will provide domesticated specimens for the trade and for research. We simultaneously studied two model branching coral species, Stylophora pistillata (Pocilloporidae; in Israel) and Porites (Poritidae; in the US). The proposal included three specific aims: (a) To develop protocols for nubbins (small fragments, down to the size of a single polyp) usage in coral farming;(b) To address the significance of colony pattern formation to the coral trade; and (c) To develop the protocols of using nubbins in physiological and ecotoxicological assays (using oil dispersants, the expression of the stress protein HSP-70, household detergents, etc.). Ten scientific publications (published manuscripts, accepted for publications, submitted to scientific journals, in preparation), revealing results that were related to all three specific aims, originated from this BARD proposal. As a result of the work supported by the BARD, we have now, in hand, original and improved protocols for coral maintenance ex situ, proven expertise on manipulating coral colonies’ pattern formation and biological knowledge on island mariculture of reef corals (from Hawaii and from the Red Sea) amenable for the ornamental trade (for public and private aquaria use, for experimentation). At least one Israeli company (Red Sea Corals, Ltd., KibbutzSaar) is using our methodologies for further developing this new mariculture sector. We are now in the process of introducing the rationale and methodologies to Hawaiian private entities to expand dissemination of the research outcomes.
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Bowles, David, Michael Williams, Hope Dodd, Lloyd Morrison, Janice Hinsey, Tyler Cribbs, Gareth Rowell, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor et Jeffrey Williams. Protocol for monitoring aquatic invertebrates of small streams in the Heartland Inventory & ; Monitoring Network : Version 2.1. National Park Service, avril 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284622.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) is a component of the National Park Service’s (NPS) strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The purposes of this program are to design and implement long-term ecological monitoring and provide information for park managers to evaluate the integrity of park ecosystems and better understand ecosystem processes. Concerns over declining surface water quality have led to the development of various monitoring approaches to assess stream water quality. Freshwater streams in network parks are threatened by numerous stressors, most of which originate outside park boundaries. Stream condition and ecosystem health are dependent on processes occurring in the entire watershed as well as riparian and floodplain areas; therefore, they cannot be manipulated independently of this interrelationship. Land use activities—such as timber management, landfills, grazing, confined animal feeding operations, urbanization, stream channelization, removal of riparian vegetation and gravel, and mineral and metals mining—threaten stream quality. Accordingly, the framework for this aquatic monitoring is directed towards maintaining the ecological integrity of the streams in those parks. Invertebrates are an important tool for understanding and detecting changes in ecosystem integrity, and they can be used to reflect cumulative impacts that cannot otherwise be detected through traditional water quality monitoring. The broad diversity of invertebrate species occurring in aquatic systems similarly demonstrates a broad range of responses to different environmental stressors. Benthic invertebrates are sensitive to the wide variety of impacts that influence Ozark streams. Benthic invertebrate community structure can be quantified to reflect stream integrity in several ways, including the absence of pollution sensitive taxa, dominance by a particular taxon combined with low overall taxa richness, or appreciable shifts in community composition relative to reference condition. Furthermore, changes in the diversity and community structure of benthic invertebrates are relatively simple to communicate to resource managers and the public. To assess the natural and anthropo-genic processes influencing invertebrate communities, this protocol has been designed to incorporate the spatial relationship of benthic invertebrates with their local habitat including substrate size and embeddedness, and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity). Rigid quality control and quality assurance are used to ensure maximum data integrity. Detailed standard operating procedures (SOPs) and supporting information are associated with this protocol.
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Abbo, Shahal, Hongbin Zhang, Clarice Coyne, Amir Sherman, Dan Shtienberg et George J. Vandemark. Winter chickpea ; towards a new winter pulse for the semiarid Pacific Northwest and wider adaptation in the Mediterranean basin. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7597909.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Original objectives: [a] Screen an array of chickpea and wild annual Cicer germplasm for winter survival. [b] Genetic analysis of winter hardiness in domesticated x wild chickpea crosses. [c] Genetic analysis of vernalization response in domesticated x wild chickpea crosses. [d] Digital expression analysis of a core selection of breeding and germplasm lines of chickpea that differ in winter hardiness and vernalization. [e] Identification of the genes involved in the chickpea winter hardiness and vernalization and construction of gene network controlling these traits. [f] Assessing the phenotypic and genetic correlations between winter hardiness, vernalization response and Ascochyta blight response in chickpea. The complexity of the vernalization response and the inefficiency of our selection experiments (below) required quitting the work on ascochyta response in the framework of this project. Background to the subject: Since its introduction to the Palouse region of WA and Idaho, and the northern Great Plains, chickpea has been a spring rotation legume due to lack of winter hardiness. The short growing season of spring chickpea limits its grain yield and leaves relatively little stubble residue for combating soil erosion. In Israel, chilling temperatures limit pod setting in early springs and narrow the effective reproductive time window of the crop. Winter hardiness and vernalization response of chickpea alleles were lost due to a series of evolutionary bottlenecks; however, such alleles are prevalent in its wild progenitor’s genepool. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: It appears that both vernalization response and winter hardiness are polygenic traits in the wild-domesticated chickpea genepool. The main conclusion from the fieldwork in Israel is that selection of domesticated winter hardy and vernalization responsive types should be conducted in late flowering and late maturity backgrounds to minimize interference by daylength and temperature response alleles (see our Plant Breeding paper on the subject). The main conclusion from the US winter-hardiness studies is that excellent lines have been identified for germplasm release and continued genetic study. Several of the lines have good seed size and growth habit that will be useful for introgressing winter-hardiness into current chickpea cultivars to develop releases for autumn sowing. We sequenced the transcriptomes and profiled the expression of genes in 87 samples. Differential expression analysis identified a total of 2,452 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between vernalized plants and control plants, of which 287 were shared between two or more Cicer species studied. We cloned 498 genes controlling vernalization, named CVRN genes. Each of the CVRN genes contributes to flowering date advance (FDA) by 3.85% - 10.71%, but 413 (83%) other genes had negative effects on FDA, while only 83 (17%) had positive effects on FDA, when the plant is exposed to cold temperature. The cloned CVRN genes provide new toolkits and knowledge to develop chickpea cultivars that are suitable for autumn-sowing. Scientific & agricultural implications: Unlike the winter cereals (barley, wheat) or pea, in which a single allelic change may induce a switch from winter to spring habit, we were unable to find any evidence for such major gene action in chickpea. In agricultural terms this means that an alternative strategy must be employed in order to isolate late flowering – ascochyta resistant (winter types) domesticated forms to enable autumn sowing of chickpea in the US Great Plains. An environment was identified in U.S. (eastern Washington) where autumn-sown chickpea production is possible using the levels of winter-hardiness discovered once backcrossed into advanced cultivated material with acceptable agronomic traits. The cloned CVRN genes and identified gene networks significantly advance our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying plant vernalization in general, and chickpea in particular, and provide a new toolkit for switching chickpea from a spring-sowing to autumn-sowing crop.