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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Science liter »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 13 février 2022

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Science liter"

Adaskaveg, James E., Helga Förster, Layne Wade, David F. Thompson et Joseph H. Connell. « Efficacy of Sodium Tetrathiocarbonate and Propiconazole in Managing Armillaria Root Rot of Almond on Peach Rootstock ». Plant Disease 83, n^o 3 (mars 1999) : 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.3.240.

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The efficacy of sodium tetrathiocarbonate (STTC or Enzone 31.8%, a liquid formulation that releases carbon disulfide) and the demethylation inhibiting (DMI) fungicide propiconazole (Alamo 1.1EC) was evaluated for management of Armillaria root rot of almond grown on Lovell peach rootstock. After 12 months, pre-/post-plant STTC (189 liters of 3,850 and 500 mg/liter/3 m2 treatment site, respectively) or tarped pre-plant methyl bromide (Dowfume 98%, 454 g a.i./3 m2) soil fumigation treatments significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the recovery of Armillaria mellea from naturally infected root segments at 0.3 and 1.2 m soil depths, compared with control sites. Tarped methyl bromide treatments eradicated the fungus from infested root segments at both depths; however, nontarped sites significantly reduced the recovery only at the 1.2 m depth. Pre-plant STTC (189 liters of 3,850 mg/liter/3 m2) reduced the recovery of the fungus but was not as effective as the pre-/post-plant STTC treatment. Recovery of the fungus in post-plant treatments with STTC (189 liters of 500 mg/liter/3 m2) was not significantly (P > 0.05) different from control sites. Additionally, mortality of almond tree replants from phytotoxicity was significantly higher in post-plant applications of STTC, compared with the other treatments or with the control trees. A gel formulation of 31.8% STTC (1,800 ml of 318,000 mg of STTC per liter per tree stump) applied in wells that were drilled into tree stumps eradicated the fungus from trunk and primary roots but not secondary or tertiary roots, whereas liquid formulations of STTC and metam-sodium (Vapam - 32.7% sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate) eradicated the fungus from only trunks but not roots. Treatments with STTC (189 liters of 500 mg/liter/3 m2) were not effective in preventing mortality of A. mellea-infected, mature, 7- to 8-year-old almond trees. Propiconazole (Alamo 1.1EC) was shown to be toxic to mycelial growth of A. mellea grown on potato dextrose agar with an EC50 value of 0.15 mg/liter. Therapeutic, passive injections of propiconazole into 7- to 8-year-old almond trees (Lovell peach rootstock) were successful in reducing mortality of infected trees during two growing seasons, compared with infected control trees treated with water.

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Morales-Morales, Hugo A., Guadalupe Vidal, John Olszewski, Channah M. Rock, Debanjana Dasgupta, Kevin H. Oshima et Geoffrey B. Smith. « Optimization of a Reusable Hollow-Fiber Ultrafilter for Simultaneous Concentration of Enteric Bacteria, Protozoa, and Viruses from Water ». Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, n^o 7 (juillet 2003) : 4098–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.7.4098-4102.2003.

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ABSTRACT The detection and identification of pathogens from water samples remain challenging due to variations in recovery rates and the cost of procedures. Ultrafiltration offers the possibility to concentrate viral, bacterial, and protozoan organisms in a single process by using size-exclusion-based filtration. In this study, two hollow-fiber ultrafilters with 50,000-molecular-weight cutoffs were evaluated to concentrate microorganisms from 2- and 10-liter water samples. When known quantities (105 to 106 CFU/liter) of two species of enteric bacteria were introduced and concentrated from 2 liters of sterile water, the addition of 0.1% Tween 80 increased Escherichia coli strain K-12 recoveries from 70 to 84% and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis recoveries from 36 to 72%. An E. coli antibiotic-resistant strain, XL1-Blue, was recovered at a level (87%) similar to that for strain K-12 (96%) from 10 liters of sterile water. When E. coli XL1-Blue was introduced into 10 liters of nonsterile Rio Grande water with higher turbidity levels (23 to 29 nephelometric turbidity units) at two inoculum levels (9 × 105 and 2.4 × 103 per liter), the recovery efficiencies were 89 and 92%, respectively. The simultaneous addition of E. coli XL1-Blue (9 × 105 CFU/liter), Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts (10 oocysts/liter), phage T1 (105 PFU/liter), and phage PP7 (105 PFU/liter) to 10 liters of Rio Grande surface water resulted in mean recoveries of 96, 54, 59, and 46%, respectively. Using a variety of surface waters from around the United States, we obtained recovery efficiencies for bacteria and viruses that were similar to those observed with the Rio Grande samples, but recovery of Cryptosporidium oocysts was decreased, averaging 32% (the site of collection of these samples had previously been identified as problematic for oocyst recovery). Results indicate that the use of ultrafiltration for simultaneous recovery of bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens from variable surface waters is ready for field deployment.

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Gumbo, Tawanda. « New Susceptibility Breakpoints for First-Line Antituberculosis Drugs Based on Antimicrobial Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Science and Population Pharmacokinetic Variability ». Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54, n^o 4 (19 janvier 2010) : 1484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01474-09.

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ABSTRACT Arguably, one of the most common and consequential laboratory tests performed in the world is Mycobacterium tuberculosis susceptibility testing. M. tuberculosis resistance is defined by growth of ≥1% of a bacillary inoculum on the critical concentration of an antibiotic. The critical concentration was chosen based on inhibition of ≥95% of wild-type isolates. The critical concentration of isoniazid is either 0.2 or 1.0 mg/liter, that of rifampin is 1.0 mg/liter, that of pyrazinamide is 100 mg/liter, that of ethambutol is 5.0 mg/liter, and that of fluoroquinolones is 1.0 mg/liter. However, the relevance of these concentrations to microbiologic and clinical outcomes is unclear. Critical concentrations were identified using the ability to achieve the antibiotic area under the concentration-time curve/MIC ratio associated with ≥90% of maximal kill (EC90) of M. tuberculosis in ≥90% of patients. Population pharmacokinetic parameters and their variability encountered in tuberculosis patients were utilized in Monte Carlo simulations to determine the probability that particular daily doses of the drugs would achieve or exceed the EC90 in the epithelial lining fluid of 10,000 tuberculosis patients. Failure to achieve EC90 in ≥90% of patients at a particular MIC was defined as drug resistance. The critical concentrations of moxifloxacin and ethambutol remained unchanged, but a critical concentration of 50 mg/liter was identified for pyrazinamide, 0.0312 mg/liter and 0.125 mg/liter were defined for low- and high-level isoniazid resistance, respectively, and 0.0625 mg/liter was defined for rifampin. Thus, current critical concentrations of first-line antituberculosis drugs are overoptimistic and should be set lower. With the proposed breakpoints, the rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis could become 4-fold higher than currently assumed.

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MARKAKI, P., C. DELPONT-BINET, F. GROSSO et S. DRAGACCI. « Determination of Ochratoxin A in Red Wine and Vinegar by Immunoaffinity High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography ». Journal of Food Protection 64, n^o 4 (1 avril 2001) : 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.4.533.

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A method is described for the determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in red wine and vinegar using an acidic chloroform extraction, an immmunoaffinity clean-up step, and a high-performance liquid chromatographic determination with fluorescence detection. The detection limit was estimated at 0.002 μg/liter. The mean recovery factors were found at 91.3 and 96.6% for wine and vinegar, respectively. Thirty-one samples of red wine originating from Mediterranean sea countries and 15 samples of vinegar were examined for the presence of OTA. All red wine samples contained OTA. Seventy-two percent of these samples were found to be contaminated over 0.1 μg/liter. Among them, nine samples contained ochratoxin A in the range of 0.5 to 3.4 μg/liter, 12 samples in the range of 0.10 to 0.50 μg/liter (median: 0.176 μg/liter), and 9 samples in the range of 0.010 to 0.100 μg/liter (median: 0.041 μg/liter). All 15 vinegar samples showed the presence of OTA. The most contaminated ones were three balsamic vinegar samples containing 0.156 μg/liter, 0.102 μg/liter, and 0.252 μg/liter of OTA. In the remaining 12 samples, ochratoxin A levels ranged from 0.008 μg/liter to 0.046 μg/liter (median: 0.012 μg/liter). These data are in good agreement with the hypothesis that wine originating from Southern countries might contain significant OTA concentration and showed the possible occurrence of traces of OTA in vinegar.

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Schutte, G. C., R. I. Mansfield, H. Smith et K. V. Beeton. « Application of Azoxystrobin for Control of Benomyl-Resistant Guignardia citricarpa on ‘Valencia’ Oranges in South Africa ». Plant Disease 87, n^o 7 (juillet 2003) : 784–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.7.784.

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Azoxystrobin was evaluated in replicated small-plot trials from 1995 to 1999 for control of citrus black spot (CBS) on ‘Valencia’ oranges caused by Guignardia citricarpa. Applications of different rates of tank mixes of azoxystrobin and mancozeb during the susceptible period from October to January were compared with an untreated control as well as the standard four applications of mancozeb with or without mineral oil (1.20 g a.i./liter + 0.5% [vol/vol]/liter and 1.60 g a.i./liter of water, respectively). Two applications of azoxystrobin in tank mixtures with mancozeb and mineral oil (0.5% [vol/vol]/liter) in mid-November and mid-January at rates of 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 g a.i./liter controlled CBS by more than 98 to 99%, 99 to 100% and 95 to 98%, respectively. Concomitantly, where mineral oil was not added to the fungicide mixture, azoxystrobin and mancozeb resulted only in 73 to 95%, 74 to 93% and 92.2 to 92.3% CBS control, respectively. Tank mixtures of benomyl, mancozeb, and mineral oil reduced CBS by only 29%, which could be attributed to the presence of benomyl-resistant pathogen isolates in the experimental orchard. Azoxystrobin applied at rates of 0.05, 0.075, and 0.10 g a.i./liter in tank mixtures with mancozeb (1.2 g a.i./liter) and mineral oil (0.5% [vol/vol]/liter of water) or Agral 90 (0.5% [vol/vol]/liter of water) were equally effective, reducing CBS by more than 99%. When mineral oil was compared to different adjuvants in tank mixtures with azoxystrobin and mancozeb, only mineral oil resulted in 100% clean exportable fruit. There was no difference between Sunspray 6E and Bac oil when mixed with azoxystrobin and mancozeb on the degree of disease control. Furthermore, the concentration of mineral oil in water can be lowered from 0.5% (vol/vol)/liter of water to 0.3% (vol/vol)/liter of water without a loss in efficacy against CBS. It is therefore, recommended that azoxystrobin (0.075 g a.i./liter) must be applied in tank mixtures with mancozeb (1.2 g a.i./liter) and mineral oil, which can be applied at either 0.5% (vol/vol)/liter of water or 0.3% (vol/vol)/liter of water.

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Pouillot, Régis, Jane M. Van Doren, Jacquelina Woods, Daniel Plante, Mark Smith, Gregory Goblick, Christopher Roberts et al. « Meta-Analysis of the Reduction of Norovirus and Male-Specific Coliphage Concentrations in Wastewater Treatment Plants ». Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, n^o 14 (1 mai 2015) : 4669–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00509-15.

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ABSTRACTHuman norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States and Canada. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents impacting bivalve mollusk-growing areas are potential sources of NoV contamination. We have developed a meta-analysis that evaluates WWTP influent concentrations and log10reductions of NoV genotype I (NoV GI; in numbers of genome copies per liter [gc/liter]), NoV genotype II (NoV GII; in gc/liter), and male-specific coliphage (MSC; in number of PFU per liter), a proposed viral surrogate for NoV. The meta-analysis included relevant data (2,943 measurements) reported in the scientific literature through September 2013 and previously unpublished surveillance data from the United States and Canada. Model results indicated that the mean WWTP influent concentration of NoV GII (3.9 log10gc/liter; 95% credible interval [CI], 3.5, 4.3 log10gc/liter) is larger than the value for NoV GI (1.5 log10gc/liter; 95% CI, 0.4, 2.4 log10gc/liter), with large variations occurring from one WWTP to another. For WWTPs with mechanical systems and chlorine disinfection, mean log10reductions were −2.4 log10gc/liter (95% CI, −3.9, −1.1 log10gc/liter) for NoV GI, −2.7 log10gc/liter (95% CI, −3.6, −1.9 log10gc/liter) for NoV GII, and −2.9 log10PFU per liter (95% CI, −3.4, −2.4 log10PFU per liter) for MSCs. Comparable values for WWTPs with lagoon systems and chlorine disinfection were −1.4 log10gc/liter (95% CI, −3.3, 0.5 log10gc/liter) for NoV GI, −1.7 log10gc/liter (95% CI, −3.1, −0.3 log10gc/liter) for NoV GII, and −3.6 log10PFU per liter (95% CI, −4.8, −2.4 PFU per liter) for MSCs. Within WWTPs, correlations exist between mean NoV GI and NoV GII influent concentrations and between the mean log10reduction in NoV GII and the mean log10reduction in MSCs.

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WARD, PAULA MARIE L. « Brown and Black Grease Suitability for Incorporation into Feeds and Suitability for Biofuels ». Journal of Food Protection 75, n^o 4 (1 avril 2012) : 731–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-221.

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Waste grease lipids used in animal feeds have been the cause of food recalls in Europe, where such materials were incorporated into animal feedstuffs. This resulted in unwanted residues in human food. The composition of such lipid sources has been lacking. Seventeen composite trap grease and isolated brown grease samples were analyzed. Analytes included nutrients, metals, and volatile organic compounds. Analytes were selected for relevance to wastewater treatment and resource reuse potential. Moisture averaged 89.4% and the pH was 3.8. The 5-day biological oxygen demand was 32,531 mg/liter, solids were 7.5%, and fats, oil, and grease were 48,970 mg/liter. Non–polychlorinated biphenyl volatile organic compounds were surveyed. In the 17 grease samples, 14 contained an average of 102.5 μg/liter chloroform; 11 samples contained acetone, averaging 369 μg/liter; 9 samples contained 2-butanone, with an average of 484 μg/liter; and 8 contained an average of 710 μg/liter methylene chloride and toluene at 311 μg/liter. The mean concentration of copper in 17 composite samples ranged from 15 to 239 mg/liter, iron averaged 314 mg/liter, lead means ranged from 2.5 to 24 mg/liter, and magnesium averaged 975 mg/liter. It is hypothesized that food preparation facility cleaning and chlorinated cleaning–disinfection agents combined with the organics in the low-pH environment of the traps produce potentially carcinogenic compounds. It is recommended that these waste grease materials be used as a feedstock for biofuel.

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Burgess, Treena, Jen McComb, Giles Hardy et Ian Colquhoun. « Influence of Low Oxygen Levels in Aeroponics Chambers on Eucalypt Roots Infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi ». Plant Disease 82, n^o 4 (avril 1998) : 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.4.368.

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Aeroponics root chambers were designed to evaluate the influence of low oxygen on disease development in clones of Eucalyptus marginata susceptible or resistant to infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi. Actively growing 7-month-old clones of E. marginata were transferred into the aeroponics chambers, into which a nutrient solution was delivered in a fine spray, providing optimal conditions for root growth. Prior to inoculation by zoospores of P. cinnamomi under normal oxygen, the roots were exposed to four treatments: (i) normal oxygen, approximately 8 mg of O2 liter-1; (ii) 6 days of hypoxia, 2 mg of O2 liter-1; (iii) anoxic acclimatization 2 days at 2 mg of O2 liter-1, 2 days at 1 mg of O2 liter-1, 2 days at 0.5 mg of O2 liter-1, 2 days at 2 mg of O2 liter-1, and 6 h at <0.05 mg of O2 liter-1; and (iv) 6 h of anoxia, <0.05 mg of O2 liter-1. Root extension during hypoxia was greatly reduced. Lesion development was least for roots exposed to hypoxia and greatest for roots exposed to anoxia for 6 h, suggesting increased resistance of E. marginata to P. cinnamomi following hypoxia.

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LAVIZZARI, T., M. BRECCIA, S. BOVER-CID, M. C. VIDAL-CAROU et M. T. VECIANA-NOGUÉS. « Histamine, Cadaverine, and Putrescine Produced In Vitro by Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae Isolated from Spinach ». Journal of Food Protection 73, n^o 2 (1 février 2010) : 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.2.385.

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A total of 364 bacterial isolates, obtained from spinach leaves, were assayed in a decarboxylase broth containing histidine, lysine, and ornithine to check their ability to produce biogenic amines, and then quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Among these isolates, 240 formed cadaverine, 208 formed putrescine, and 196 formed histamine, in widely varying amounts. They frequently produced more than one biogenic amine. Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae and Morganella morganii were the main histamine producers, with mean values of 1,600 and 2,440 mg/liter, respectively, followed by Pantoea spp. 3 (1,710 mg/liter) and Hafnia alvei (2,500 mg/liter). Enterobacter amnigenus and Enterobacter cloacae produced particularly high amounts of putrescine, with mean values of 2,340 and 2,890 mg/liter, respectively. The strongest cadaverine formation was shown by Serratia liquefaciens (3,300 mg/liter), Serratia marcescens (3,280 mg/liter), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (1,000 mg/liter).

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OH, MYEONGGEUN, JOONGJAE LEE, YOONHWA JEONG et MISOOK KIM. « Synergistic Antilisterial Effects of Mixtures of Lysozyme and Organic Acids ». Journal of Food Protection 79, n^o 12 (1 décembre 2016) : 2184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-156.

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ABSTRACT We investigated the synergistic effects of lysozyme combined with organic acids to inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes. The antilisterial effects of the combination of lysozyme and acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, or succinic acid were evaluated using the checkerboard method and time-kill assay. The MIC was 25,000 mg/liter for lysozyme, 625 mg/liter for acetic acid, and 1,250 mg/liter for the other acids. The MBC was 10,000 mg/liter for all of the tested organic acids. The combination of lysozyme and each organic acid showed synergistic effects via the checkerboard method; however, the time-kill assay showed synergistic effects for only three combinations of 1,250 mg/liter lysozyme with succinic acid (312 and 625 mg/liter) or malic acid (625 mg/liter). The results of this study indicate that the combination of lysozyme and malic acid or succinic acid can be effectively used as a food preservative to control L. monocytogenes.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Science liter"

Frandsen, Kimberly J. « Reading and Writing in Science : How do the Reform Documents Attend to the Fundamental Sense of Science Literacy ? » Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1417.pdf.

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Marinho, Andrew Yan Solano. « Do cientista ao ativista : os problemas da ci?ncia do texto e uma solu??o revolucionaria na obra de Terry Eagleton ». Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16342.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:07:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndrewYSM_DISSERT.pdf: 1257696 bytes, checksum: 309b05179e3d4e5c72b883b5c4785af1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-28
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
The literary critic Terry Eagleton obtained notoriety in academic circles when he was recognized intellectually for his bestselling book Literary Theory: An Introduction. In this book, the English author boldly proposes the end of literature and literary criticism. However, Eagleton proposed years before, in his book Criticism and Ideology (1976), a scientific system of analysis of literary texts, which seemed less radical, both in theory and in method, than in his later theoretical proposal. Based on this, the objective of this dissertation is to present the English literary critic?s initial method, explaining the reasons that led him to abandon his initial project - of develop a method of analysis of the literary text on a Marxist scientific perspective - and to propose, in the following years, in his most famous book and others, a revolutionary vision that would go beyond textual analysis and make literary texts have a practical intervention in society. Finally, we explain what would be his idea of revolutionary criticism
O cr?tico liter?rio Terry Eagleton obteve notoriedade no meio acad?mico ao ser reconhecido intelectualmente com seu livro best-seller Teoria da Literatura: uma introdu??o. Nesse livro, o autor ingl?s prop?e, ousadamente, o fim da literatura e da cr?tica liter?ria. Contudo, anos antes, Eagleton prop?s, no livro Criticism and Ideology (1976), um sistema cient?fico de an?lise do texto liter?rio aparentemente menos radical, tanto em teoria quanto no m?todo, que sua proposta te?rica posterior. Com base nisso, o objetivo dessa disserta??o ? apresentar o m?todo inicial do cr?tico liter?rio ingl?s, explicitar os motivos que o levaram a abandonar seu projeto inicial de elaborar um m?todo de an?lise do texto liter?rio sobre uma ?tica cient?fica marxista e a propor, nos anos seguintes, em seu livro mais famoso e em outros, uma vis?o revolucion?ria, que iria muito al?m de an?lises textuais e faria os textos liter?rios terem uma interven??o pr?tica na sociedade. Por fim, explicitaremos qual seria sua ideia de cr?tica revolucion?ria

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Tector, A. Joseph. « Discordant liver xenotransplantation in recipients with liver failure ». Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84439.

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Liver xenotransplantation could eliminate the liver donor shortage, but currently it is not possible because of a lack of understanding of liver xenograft rejection. Hyperacute xenograft rejection is initiated by the binding of preformed naturally occurring xenoreactive antibodies (XNA) to the xenograft endothelium. The XNA bind to the xenograft endothelium, leading to complement-mediated endothelial injury.
Liver xenotransplantation will be initially offered to patients with severe liver failure as a bridge to a human liver transplantation. The hypothesis tested in this thesis is that hyperacute rejection of liver xenografts placed into recipients with liver failure will be diminished because of the complement deficiency that accompanies liver failure. The experiments described in this thesis detail the development of an in vitro pig-to-human liver xenotransplant model incubating cultured pig hepatic endothelial cells (PHEC) and human serum in culture. We showed that either classical or alternative complement pathways could initiate endothelial injury. Next we developed the dog-to-pig liver xenograft model and characterized the lethal coagulopathy that results from hyperacute rejection. The coagulopathy results from the lack of function of platelets as well as their disappearance from the circulation. We then used the galactosamine induced liver injury model in porcine recipients of canine liver xenografts to demonstrate that hyperacute rejection in the setting of liver failure is diminished. We showed that; tissue injury, coagulopathy and platelet defect, and endothelial injury were diminished. Our experiments suggested that the cause of the decreased injury was the lack of complement in the pigs with galactosamine induced liver injury since the XNA levels were no different than in control animals. Our final experiments evaluated serum from patients with liver failure and compared the injury caused by incubation with PHEC. Serum from the liver failure patients had similar levels of XNA when compared with normal subjects, but had less complement activity, and less C3 and C4. Incubation of liver failure serum with PHEC caused much less injury and complement activation than serum from control subjects. The results in this thesis suggest that liver failure will have a significant impact on liver xenograft rejection, helping to diminish hyperacut

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Bakas, Spyridon. « Computer-aided localisation, segmentation and quantification of focal liver lesions in contrast-enhanced ultrasound ». Thesis, Kingston University, 2014. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/30592/.

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The research presented in this thesis focuses on applications of Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) imaging and is coordinated to address current clinical requirements in the assessment, quantification and evaluation of liver cancer and in particular focal liver lesions (FLLs). The main outcomes of this research are methods to assist radiologists with automating these routinely performed manual image interpretation tasks, with the intention of supporting them to make their diagnostic decisions faster, more easily and with greater confidence. Such automatic analysis is challenging mainly because of the relative motion between the ultrasound transducer and the liver, the physiological motion of the patient and the dramatic intensity changes over time caused by the contrast-enhancing agents intravenously injected during a CEUS examination. The work described in this thesis can be divided into three principal themes. These are addressed in turn below. Firstly, a set of methods are proposed to assist in automating initialisation tasks required for the offline assessment of data acquired during CEUS liver scans. These tasks relate to the delineation of the area comprising the ultrasonographic image, the identification of the optimal reference frame for initialising an FLL, as well as the segmentation of the FLL boundaries on this frame. The potential clinical value of the proposed methods is that they can lead to easier and faster assessment of FLLs, whilst producing results less dependent on the human initialisation and hence improving the repeatability and reproducibility of the assessment of the examination and increasing the confidence of radiologists when making a diagnosis. Secondly, a variety of methods are investigated to estimate the motion observed within the ultrasonographic image of CEUS screening recordings and then compensate for this, allowing for an accurate quantification of the perfusion of tissue regions. Obtaining a perfusion curve for an image region, without compensating for the observed motion, may lead to erroneous diagnostic results as the specified image region may correspond to different tissue along the video sequence. Quantitative evaluation of the presented methods demonstrates their potential as reliable real-time motion compensation methods for such recordings. Finally, an alternative fully automatic method for the identification and localisation of potential malignancies is proposed. For such identification, and hence distinction between cases that include potentially malignant and benign lesions, an innovative assessment of the global spatial configuration of local variations of perfusion curves is presented. For the localisation of tissue regions of potential malignancy, a novel feature is proposed that encompasses spatio-temporal information (Le. the combination of both the variation in these local perfusion curves and the location they relate to) to cluster together neighbouring regions with similar dynamic behaviour. The clinical value of the identification part is the early diagnosis of an FLL’s type and the possibility for the discharge of patients with benign FLLs, leading to less distress to the patients and their families, as well as reduced healthcare costs. Additionally, the localisation part assists in enhancing the radiologist’s awareness of tissue regions with potentially malignant behaviour, as well as providing effortless localisation of such regions allowing for an objective initialisation of computer-aided segmentation methods improving the repeatability and reproducibility of the assessment of CEUS data. The key findings of this research indicate that: i) the optimal reference frame can be reliably identified in a fully automatic and deterministic manner, ii) the segmentation of an F LL can be performed in a rapid semi-automatic manner, which produces results that are, at worst, of comparable consistency as different manual annotations, iii) the apparent observed motion can be compensated in real-time, either locally or globally, and a simple translation is sufficient to achieve this, iv) the distinction between benign and malignant lesions can be performed in a fully automatic and deterministic manner, without missing a single malignancy, and v) potential malignancies can be localised reliably in a fully automatic manner. Quantitative analysis of all results on real clinical data, from a multi-centre study, is used to evaluate the level of confidence of the decision of the proposed methods and demonstrates the value of these methods in a diverse dataset acquired using the protocol of current standard care. A system incorporating the proposed methods could improve the current clinical practice for assessing, quantifying and evaluating FLLs in CEUS recordings. Specifically, it would be beneficial to radiologists, for cancer research, providing easier and faster assessment of FLLs whilst producing results less dependent on the human initialisation and therefore increasing the confidence of radiologists in their diagnostic decisions.

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Huda, Amina. « Employment after liver transplantation ». Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & ; Theses. UC Only, 2010. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3398878.

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Merlo, Vittoria. « Abundance and composition of marine litter along the italian coasts : contribution from official monitoring and citizen science ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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Assessment of amounts, distribution, composition and sources of beach litter was conducted on Italian coast in 2017. Data have been collected by scientific staff from the Regional Environmental Protection Agencies of Italy (MSFD), and by citizen scientists coordinated by the environmental association Legambiente (Clean Up the Med initiative). The vast majority of marine litter collected (>70%) were plastic objects, 30% of which were single-use plastic. In the investigated MSFD subregions, Adriatic Sea appeared to have the highest presence of fishing-related items (7.76%), Western Mediterranean Sea had a high number of cigarette butts and filters (8.19%) and Ionian and Central Mediterranean Sea had plastic bags (8%). Considering the level of urbanisation, rural beaches are the only one that showed a low abundance of Smoke-related litter (min-max: 0-21 items/100 m - <4%), urban beach resulted in having cigarette butts and filters (min-max: 6-140 items/100 m - 9.22%). “Non-sourced” items represented a large percentage of the litter found in all subregions and among beach type (29%-50%), together with “Public litter” (31% to 53%). Coastal Clean Index (CCI), used for testing the beach cleanliness, showed that most beaches were classified as Very Clean or Clean in both study periods investigated in the framework of the MSFD. Comparison between the MSFD monitoring and the Clean Up the Med initiative showed that there were no significant differences in the total density of beach litter detected, but there was a significant difference in terms of composition. This was probably due to the fact that Clean Up The Med survey was unbalanced between regions, due to the voluntary nature of the project. The results remarked how urgent is a national action against beach littering (plastic in particular), and the need in a global shift in human mindsets and behaviour, that could happen also thank to the work of citizen science volunteers and environmental association as Legambiente.

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Petersson, Helena, et Ing-Marie Åström-Swahn. « Liten gruppEn kvalitativ studie av lärares och skolledares resonemang inför elevers placering i liten grupp ». Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Behavioural Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-3869.

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Syftet med följande arbete är att granska hur lärare och skolledare resonerar inför elevers placering i liten grupp. Skolans uppgift är att ge alla elever en likvärdig utbildning. Stöd ska ges till de elever som inte bedöms klara de nationella målen och det stödet ska i första hand ges inom ramen för den ordinarie undervisningen. Arbetet ger en överblick av tidigare forskning om hur en skola för alla växt fram ur ett historiskt perspektiv samt varför det krävs en allmän specialpedagogisk kompetens hos alla lärare för att kunna få en skola för alla. Med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer ville vi se hur den specialpedagogiska kompetensen såg ut, hur det förebyggande arbetet utformades, vad en liten grupp kunde ge som inte den ordinarie undervisningen kunde samt vilken utveckling som förväntades av eleven efter en placering i liten grupp. Sammanfattningsvis pekar resultaten på att lärare är mycket beroende av speciallärarnas och specialpedagogernas kunskaper och erfarenheter. Lugn och ro och uppbyggandet av positiva relationer samt en chans att nå de nationella målen var de viktigaste fördelarna med liten grupp. Nackdelarna var att eleverna kan få en stämpel som är svår att sudda bort och att många elever blir kvar i liten grupp även när de inte behöver.

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Owoseni, Seun Emmanuel. « The Study of Alcoholic Liver Diseases ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3493.

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Excessive alcohol consumption is the primary contributing factor in the development of alcoholic liver diseases (ALD). Nicotine contained in tobacco is a major addictive alkaloid, which enhances the effects of ALDs. The major enzyme involved in nicotine metabolism is cytochrome P450 2A5 (CYP2A5) which is produced in the liver. Alcohol can stimulate the CYP2A5 enzyme. We utilized cyp2a5-/- knockout mice in this research to examine the effects of CYP2A5. The cyp2a5-/- mice and wild-type (WT) mice were fed liquid ethanol diet with or without nicotine to induce ALD. Nicotine enhancing effects on ALD were observed in WT mice but not in cyp2a5-/- mice. Oxidative stress was stimulated by alcohol and further increased by nicotine in WT mice but not in cyp2a5-/-mice. Microsomal ROS production during microsomal metabolism of nicotine was increased in WT mice but not in cyp2a5-/-mice. These results suggest that nicotine enhances ALD is CYP2A5 dependent.

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Luotonen, David. « Utveckling av ett webbaserat ekonomisystem för en liten organisation ». Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Computer and Electrical Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-9652.

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Jönköpings styrkelyftarklubb är en liten organisation som behöver ett snabbare sätt att hantera sin bokföring.

Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka utvecklingen av ett Internetbaserat ekonomiprogram för användning av utvalda i en liten organisation samt utreda vilka metoder och verktyg som är lämpligast för uppgiften utifrån de krav som finns.

OOS/UML-modellen som delar in utvecklingsprocessen i 4 steg används. Bara de 3 första stegen behandlas i denna rapport: planering, prototyputveckling och konstruktion. Det teoretiska ramverket berör flera relevanta ämnen för detta projekt. Den första delen innehåller information om öppen källkod och avslutas med en beskrivning av det valda skriptspråket: php. Den andra delen fokuserar på databaser, och går från generella designteorier till användningen av MySQL och säkerhetsproblem. Den tredje delen fortsätter på området säkerhet, och behandlar förutom säkerhet i databaser även kryptering på webben. Den fjärde delen beskriver ekonomiska system och deras utveckling och användning. Kapitlet avslutas med en kort titt på Ajax som ett medel för ökad användbarhet.

Arbetet ledde till några allmänna slutsatser om utvecklingen av ett system som detta. Planering är viktigt eftersom tidsåtgång är svårt att förutse och systemet inte kommer kunna ersätta vare sig ekonomiprogram eller webbutiker till fullo. Att använda existerande lösningar på programmeringsproblem sparar tid, och ibland är det värt att ändra i designen för att kunna använda en sådan. Avslutningsvis bör man prioritera egenskaper, eftersom en kombination av system som detta annars kan bli allt för stort och komplext. Prestanda, användbarhet, kostnad och säkerhet är aspekter som alla tävlar om samma resurser. I detta projekt visade prestanda och kostnad sig vara viktigast och fick prioriteras.

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Brandi, Denis. « SCADA Lite View ». Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6583/.

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Livres sur le sujet "Science liter"

Lifer. United States : Month9Books, LLC, 2014.

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Zerbino, D. D. Naukova shkola : Lider i uchni : nova kont︠s︡ept︠s︡ii︠a︡. Lʹviv : I︠E︡vrosvit, 2001.

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J, Aczél, dir. Liber amicorum, Jean Dhombres. Louvain-la-neuve : Centre de recherche en histoire des sciences, 2008.

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Ogarev, A. V. Lider, ėlita, region. Rostov-na-Donu : Izd-vo Severo-Kavkazskogo nauch. t︠s︡entra, 1995.

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K, Osipov I͡U. SShA--nauchno tekhnicheskiĭ lider ? Moskva : "Nauka", 1988.

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Osipov, I︠U︡ K. SShA--nauchno tekhnicheskiĭ lider ? Moskva : "Nauka", 1988.

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Bergmann, Melanie. Marine Anthropogenic Litter. Cham : Springer Nature, 2015.

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Marcus. Liber de moralitatibus. St. Bonaventure, N.Y : St. Bonaventure University, 2005.

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Avicenna. Liber tertius Naturalium : De generatione et corruptione. Louvain-la-Neuve : E. Peeters, 1987.

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1926-, Gerok W., Paumgartner G, Stiehl A. 1941- et Bile Acid Meeting. (11th : 1990 : Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany), dir. Bile acids as therapeutic agents : From basic science to clinical practice. Dordrecht : Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Science liter"

Weik, Martin H. « liter ». Dans Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 910. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_10408.

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Roddick, John F., Aaron Ceglar, Denise de Vries et Somluck La-Ongsri. « Postponing Schema Definition : Low Instance-to-Entity Ratio (LItER) Modelling ». Dans Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 206–16. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77503-4_16.

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Mörner, Nils-Axel, B. Chris Brewster, Henry Bokuniewicz, Douglas L. Inman, Terry R. Healy et Richard J. Seymour. « Litter ». Dans Encyclopedia of Coastal Science, 592. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3880-1_194.

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Weik, Martin H. « lifter ». Dans Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 888. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_10146.

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Weik, Martin H. « bridge lifter ». Dans Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 146. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_1857.

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Williams, A. T. « Marine Litter ». Dans Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1–8. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48657-4_386-1.

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Williams, A. T. « Marine Litter ». Dans Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1129–35. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93806-6_386.

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Elçin, Y. Murat. « Tissue Engineering of Liver ». Dans Biomedical Science and Technology, 109–16. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5349-6_11.

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Benferhat, Salem, et Zied Bouraoui. « Possibilistic DL-Lite ». Dans Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 346–59. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40381-1_27.

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Chin, Li Wai, et Tse Hin Fung. « Plastic in Marine Litter ». Dans Issues in Environmental Science and Technology, 21–59. Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788013314-00021.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Science liter"

Matsuno, Yuta, Masahiro Nakajima, Masaru Kojima, Yohko Tanaka-Takiguchi, Kingo Takiguchi, Kousuke Nogawa, Michio Homma et Toshio Fukuda. « Pico-liter injection control to individual nano-liter solution coated by lipid layer ». Dans 2009 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science (MHS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mhs.2009.5351948.

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Letardi, T., S. Bollanti, P. Di Lazzaro, F. Flora, G. Giordano, T. Hermsen et C. E. Zheng. « Study of a 10-liter active volume, X-ray preionized XeCl Discharge Laser System ». Dans 1988 International Congress on Optical Science and Engineering, sous la direction de Dirk Basting. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.950122.

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Ikhsani, Ridha N., D. J. Djoko H. Santjojo et Setyawan P. Sakti. « Design of Low Noise Micro Liter Syringe Pump for Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensor ». Dans 2018 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Informatics (EECSI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eecsi.2018.8752626.

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Sherehiy, Andriy, Andres Montenegro, Danming Wei et Dan O. Popa. « Adhesive Deposition Process Characterization for Microstructure Assembly ». Dans ASME 2021 16th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-63929.

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Abstract Recent advancements in additive manufacturing such as Direct Write Inkjet printing introduced novel tools that allow controlled and precise deposition of fluid in nano-liter volumes, enabling fabrication of multiscale structures with submillimeter dimensions. Applications include fabrication of flexible electronics, sensors, and assembly of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). Critical challenges remain in the control of fluid deposition parameters during Inkjet printing to meet specific dimensional footprints at the microscale necessary for the assembly process of microscale structures. In this paper we characterize an adhesive deposition printing process with a piezo-electric dispenser of nano-liter volumes. Applications include the controlled delivery of high viscosity Ultraviolet (UV) and thermal curable adhesives for the assembly of the MEMS structures. We applied the Taguchi Design of Experiment (DOE) method to determine an optimal set of process parameters required to minimize the size of adhesive printed features on a silicon substrate with good reliability and repeatability of the deposition process. Experimental results demonstrate repeatable deposition of UV adhesive features with 150 μm diameter on the silicon substrate. Based on the observed wettability effect of adhesive printed onto different substrates we propose a solution for further reduction of the deposit-substrate contact area for microassembly optimization.

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Winarso, Rochmad, Taufiq Hidayat, Rianto Wibowo, Qomaruddin Qomaruddin, Masruki Kabib et Uulul Ilmi. « Design Of Continuous Reflux System Bioethanol Distillator With Production Capacity Of 5 Liter/Hour ». Dans The 1st International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering Technology Universitas Muria Kudus. EAI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.24-10-2018.2280621.

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Mudigonda, Sadaiah, et Deepakkumar H. Patil. « Some Investigations on Surface Texturing on Monel 400 Using Photochemical Machining ». Dans ASME 2015 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2015-9294.

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This paper reports the creation of surface textures using Photochemical Machining Process (PCM) on Monel 400. Machining is carried out on Monel 400 sheets. The influence of the photolithography parameters and spinning speed on the photoresist films were investigated. The etching media used is HNO3:FeCl3:H2O = 30ml: 500g: per liter concentration. The effects of etching time and temperature on the etched topography pattern were studied. It has been observed that time has more influence on the depth of etch as compared to temperature. However temperature influence surface finish more.

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Ostapchuk, P. S., T. A. Kuevda et V. P. Korotkiy. « Regularities of growth, development and main blood indicators of Hubbard Redbro M meat-and-eggs cross chickens ». Dans CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-137.

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Features of growth, development and main blood indicators of Hubbard Redbro M meat-and-eggs cross chickens were the primary aim of the study. The use of an active coal feed additive gives a reliable increase in live weight during the growth period in the range of 3.5 –7.5 %. The content of RBC and WBC in broilers of the experimental group is within the physiological norm, but the number of red blood cells is significantly higher than in the control one by 0.40×1012 cells per liter.

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Kuevda, T. A., et P. S. Ostapchuk. « Effect of Satureja montana essential oil on growth performance of broiler chickens ». Dans CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-133.

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To study the effect of Satureja montana essential oil on the performance of broiler chicken was the primary aim of this research. In the course of the studies, the highly reliable effectiveness of the mountain savory essential oil was noted. Broiler chickens weight increase before slaughter was 9.7 (p≤ 0.01) –11.0% (p≤ 0.001). Red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts showed a significant (p≤0.05) increase in the erythrocyte content by 18.2 % (to 3.47±0.09 cells per liter) in chickens of the experimental group that received Satureja montana essential oil without dilution.

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Czernichowski, Albin, et Krystyna Wesolowska. « GlidArc-Assisted Production of Synthesis Gas Through Partial Oxidation of Natural Gas ». Dans ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2003-1717.

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Natural gas is reformed with air in a presence of high-voltage discharges (called GlidArc plasma) that assist the Partial Oxidation. Electric consumption for this non-catalytic reformer is less than 2% of the output H2+CO energy content. Recycling such a small portion of energy is, in our opinion, an acceptable compromise as active (and also very simple) GlidArc discharges play a role of an igniter and homogeneous phase catalyst; they also stabilize a post-plasma zone of our reformer. Here presented bench-scale 1-Liter reactor works at atmospheric pressure and needs less than 100 W of electric assistance to produce up to 1.4 m3(n)/h of pure H2+CO corresponding to about 4.5 kW of electric power of an ideal Fuel Cell fed by such SynGas. Up to 96% of natural gas is converted at up to 63% energetic efficiency and the total absence of soot. Our previous experiments with highly Sulfur-polluted feeds let us claim that our technology can be directly used at any H2S level in natural gas.

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Czernichowski, Albin, Mieczyslaw Czernichowski et Krystyna Wesolowska. « GlidArc-Assisted Production of Synthesis Gas Through Propane Partial Oxidation ». Dans ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2003-1716.

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Commercial propane can contain up to 300 ppm of Sulfur so that reforming technologies based on catalytic processes can not be directly applied without prior cleaning of such a feed in order to avoid the reformer’s catalyst poisoning (while some Solid Oxide Fuel Cells can accept Sulfur-polluted syngas). We run our reforming process in a presence of high-voltage discharges (called GlidArc) that assist the Partial Oxidation of pure or polluted propane. Electric consumption for this non-catalytic reformer is less than 2% of a Fuel Cell electric output. Recycling such a small portion of the electric energy is, in our opinion, an acceptable compromise as our active (and also very simple) GlidArc discharges play a role of an igniter and homogeneous phase catalyst; they also stabilize a post-plasma zone of our reformer. Our 1-Liter reactor works at atmospheric pressure and needs less than 100 W of electric assistance to produce up to 3 m3(n)/h of pure syngas corresponding to about 10 kW of electric power of an ideal Fuel Cell. The propane is totally reformed at more than 70% energetic efficiency and at the total absence of soot.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Science liter"

Shen, Dong, Zhuang Xiong, Yangyang Liu, Yan Leng, Houbo Deng, Song Wang, Xiangtong Meng et Tiejun Liu. Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine combined with Sorafenib in the treatment of primary liver cancer : A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, septembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0024.

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The aim of this systematic review is to compare Chinese herbal medicine combined with Sorafenib in terms of efficacy and acceptability in the primary liver cancer to better inform clinical practice. To this end, the proposed systematic review will address the following question: Which is the best choice to reduce Efficacy and safety in Patients with primary liver cancer, Chinese herbal medicine combined with Sorafenib or Sorafenib.this systematic review and meta-analysis will evaluate the efficacy and Sorafenib combined with Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of PLC. Information sources: We will search the following databases from inception up to September 8, 2021: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, AMED, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang. There will be no restrictions regarding publication date or language. We will apply a combination of medical keywords and words, including "Sorafenib", "Chinese herbal medicine" and "primary liver cancer". Additionally, we will manually search all reference lists from relevant systematic reviews to find other eligible studies.

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Hubsky, Ashlee. Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence After Liver Transplantation : An Analysis of Risk Factors and Incidence from Oregon Health Science University. Portland State University Library, janvier 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/honors.213.

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