Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Schallert test »

The fields of science indicated in the title represent centuries old research and development activities of the current department and its legal predecessor institutions, matching the standards, expectations and possibilities of the given era. It is of course impossible to summarize all this in a few pages. A tangential or more detailed description of some areas can be found in other chapters of this issue compiled to review the scientific activities of the department (e.g., in the articles of András Salgó and Ferenc Békés, Zsuzsanna Bugyi et al., Eszter Schallet al.) and in the summary article presenting the department’s food science activities. In our current paper, we attempt to provide a brief overview of research directions and results that, from the 1990s to the present day, have played a decisive role in the activities of the department, including the Cereal Science and Food Quality Research Group, as well as in the development and shaping of its research profile. The years following the regime change were decisive in the lives of all of us. The conditions for education and the cultivation of science changed continuously and significantly, mostly worsening in this transition period. Many people questioned whether it was worth continuing to cultivate the old, traditional areas, or whether we should be more open, modernize and look for new ways, taking advantage of the extremely slow but continuously opening opportunities for building domestic and, especially, international relations, and later for tenders and financing. Progress, development, and openness to new ideas should be essential qualities for an educator and researcher. However, the acquisition of knowledge, experience, and skills takes time, as does the creation and maintenance of the conditions necessary for the cultivation of old or new fields. In this uncertain operating matrix, in the mid-1990s we decided to move towards new areas (modernization of food analysis, automatic and rapid test methods, food safety), while trying to maintain and strengthen the cultivation of traditional fields (such as research related to cereal science and plant proteins, development of analytical methods and instruments) that had gained national and international recognition thanks to the work of our predecessors. In the following sections, a brief summary of grain qualification and related method and instrument developments enabling the examination of typically small amounts of material, research on the qualification of small and pseudocereals and improving their possibilities of use, as well as analytical and product development results for increasing food safety, partially related to the previous topic, is given.

17004 Background: PET and computerized axial tomography scan (CT) are complimentary tools in the diagnosis and treatment of pts with LA NSCLC. Recent data have shown that response to IC as determined with PET has a better prognostic relevance for long term outcome than CT (Hoekstra et al JCO 2005;23:33:8362–70). Methods: PET and chest CT were performed before and after 3 cycles of IC in pts with LA NSCLC (D. Schallier et al, Suppl JCO 2005;23:165:7285, 6915). Response was defined according to WHO and EORTC criteria for CT and PET respectively (complete response: CR; partial response: PR; stable disease: SD; progressive disease: PD). PET images corrected for attenuation were acquired in 3D on a Siemens Accel camera starting 60 minutes after administration of 307–606 MBq 18FDG. The maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) within the tumor was measured and a SUVmax value ≥2.5 was used as a cut off. PET responses were classified either as complete (resolution of the enhanced uptake within the tumor) or non-complete. For each subgroup, classified according to CT and PET response, time to progression (TTP) and survival (S) was calculated and analysed statistically according to Kaplan-Meier and log rank test. Results: 21 pts were eligible for the PET and CT confrontation. Characteristics: 14 male, 7 female; median age 70 y (39–78); median KS: 90 (80–100); stage III A: 9; stage III B: 12; T1,2,3,4: 4/3/7/7; N0,1,2,3: 4/1/11/5. Response: CT: 12 PR; 9 SD; PET: 6 CR, 9 PR, 5SD, 1PD. Nine/12 PR on CT were also CR (5) and PR (4) on PET. Median TTP was correlated significantly with PR and CR (versus SD and non-CR) on CT and PET respectively (288 versus 606 days, p = 0.045 for CT and 299 versus median not reached p = 0.024 for PET); with a median follow up of 19+ month, median S was not significantly correlated with PR on CT but was highly significantly correlated with CR on PET (439 days versus median not reached p = 0.005). Conclusions: Assessment of response to IC using CT or PET largely overlaps. PET appears to be a more ‘sensitive‘ tool to measure response. CR on PET provides a better accuracy for determination of long term outcome than CT. The present results corroborate previously published results. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Abstract Background. Autoantibodies (Abs) neutralizing and/or accelerating clearance of the von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease-ADAMTS13 are the major culprits in acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (aTTP). Despite the first-line treatment with daily plasma exchange (PEX), acute aTTP is still today associated with a mortality rate of ~20% leaving survivors at high risk of relapse. To improve patient care and/or treatment of aTTP we explored the capacity of anti-idiotypic small molecules to specifically bind and potentially neutralize pathogenic anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies thereby restoring plasma-derived ADAMTS13 activity in acquired TTP patients. Method: As selecting tools we used previously generated spleen-derived inhibitory human monoclonal anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies consisting of the 4 antigen-binding CDR3 motifs shared by the two aTTP patients (Schaller et al, Blood 2014;124(23):3469-79). Either 3 mAbs representative for CDR3 Motif-1 or 3 mAbs for CDR3 Motif-3 or 2 mAbs representing CDR3 Motif-4 were pooled at equimolar concentrations by ribosomal display to screen for binders in two combinatorial small protein libraries (DARPins from Molecular Partners, Schlieren, Switzerland) containing either two (N2C) or three (N3C) randomized ankyrin repeat modules, respectively From each of the 6 libraries single anti-idiotypic DARPins were cloned into a pMPAG6 expression vector and purified by His-tag affinity chromatography. In total 22 unique anti-idiotypic DARPins, 4 N2C-DARPins and 2 N3C-DARPins selected by Motif-1, 9 N2C-DARPins by Motif-3 and 7 N2C-DARPins by Motif-4 mAbs were identified. Inhibitor targeting Strategy: The neutralization potential towards plasma-derived anti-ADAMTS13 Abs, was tested by pre-incubating the DARPins prior measuring the residual activity by functional FRETS assay, in a cohort of 50 acute aTTP patients with pathological inhibitor titers >0.4 BU/ml (diagnosed at our Center 2006-2014). First, equimolar pools (1000 nM) of anti-idiotypic DARPins (Motif-1, Motif-3 or Motif-4) were tested in 11/50 patients, secondly the contribution of the single DARPins from the responsive pools was assessed in 18/50 patients to finally test the entire cohort with a combination of all neutralizing anti-idiotypic DARPins. Results: The pool of all Motif-1 anti-idiotypic DARPins (n=6) neutralized inhibitor titers below the pathological threshold in 9/11 (82 %) aTTP patients tested, whereas only a slight reduction of the inhibitor titers (in average 15%) was observed for Motif-3 and Motif-4 DARPin pools, revealing the Motif-1 DARPins as the most universal neutralizers. To test the contribution of each Motif-1 anti-idiotypic DARPin to the observed inhibitor neutralization, single DARPins were tested in 18/50 aTTP revealing a reduction of the inhibitor of 20-50% (N2C-19) or 20% (N3C-74) in 5/18 patients tested. In contrast 90% (45/50) aTTP patients incubated with the pool of all 6 Motif-1 DARPins caused inhibitor titers to drop either completely or below the pathological threshold. The inhibitor titer was reduced below 1BU/ml in 3/50, but was irresponsive in 2/50 patients. Conclusions: Our data clearly show that anti-idiotypic DARPins can potently and universally neutralize inhibitory anti-ADAMTS13 Abs of aTTP patients. However an effective neutralization, restoring ADAMTS13 activity above 10-15% in most patients was only achieved when pooling all Motif-1 DARPins. If a combination of Motif-3 and/or Motif-4 DARPins with Motif-1 DARPins can additionally increase neutralization capacity also in relapsing patients is currently under investigation. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Abstract Background Dengue (DENV) is a mosquito-borne virus with four serotypes causing substantial morbidity in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. A dengue vaccine that can be given to both seronegative and seropositive populations remains an important unmet medical need. V181 is an investigational live, attenuated, quadrivalent dengue vaccine. Methods In this phase 1 double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of V181 in healthy adults were evaluated in two formulations: TV003 and TV005. TV005 has a 10-fold higher DENV2 component as compared to TV003. Two-hundred participants [~ 50% baseline flavivirus-experienced (BFE) and 50% baseline flavivirus-naive (BFN)] were randomized 2:2:1 to receive TV003, TV005, or placebo on Days 1 and 180. Immunogenicity against each of the four DENV serotypes was measured using a Virus Reduction Neutralization Test (VRNT60) after each vaccination and out to 1 year after the second dose. Results There were no discontinuations due to adverse events (AEs) or vaccine-related serious AEs. The most common AEs Days 1-28 after any TV003 or TV005 vaccination were rash, headache, fatigue, and myalgia. DENV VRNT60 seropositivity to 3 or 4 serotypes (i.e. tri-or tetravalent) was demonstrated in 92.6% of BFN TV003 participants, 74.2% of BFN TV005 participants, and 100% of the BFE participants at 6 months postdose 1 (PD1). Vaccine viremia, a measure of vaccine infectivity, was transiently detected from all four DENV types after the first dose of TV003 and TV005. Tri- or tetravalent vaccine-viremia was detected in 63.9 % and 25.6 % of BFN TV003 and TV005 participants, respectively, PD1. Compared to baseline, robust increases in VRNT60 GMTs were observed after the first dose of TV003 and TV005 in both flavivirus subgroups for all DENV serotypes and minimal increases were observed PD2. GMTs in the TV003 and TV005 BFE and BFN subgroups remained above the respective baselines and placebo at 1-year PD2. Conclusion Both formulations of V181 were generally well tolerated in healthy adults. Overall, viremia and immunogenicity were higher after TV003 as compared to TV005. These data support the continued development of the V181 TV003 formulation as a single-dose vaccine for the prevention of DENV disease. Disclosures Kevin Russell, MD, MTM&H, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Richard E. Rupp, MD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Research Grant or Support) Clemente Diaz-Perez, MD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Research Grant or Support) Charles P. Andrews, MD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Research Grant or Support) Andrew W. Lee, MD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Tyler S. Finn, BA, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Kara Cox, MS, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Amy Falk Russell, MS, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Margaret M. Schaller, BS, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Jason C. Martin, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Donna M. Hyatt, BA, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Sabrina Gozlan-Kelner, MS, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Androniki Bili, MD, MPH, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Beth-Ann Coller, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder)

The concept of the critical pitting temperature (CPT), which is described as the temperature below which stable pits are not formed regardless of applied potential and exposure time, has received considerable attention in the literature. Over the past few decades, many attempts have been made to assess the CPT of stainless steel as a function of alloy composition, alloy microstructure, bulk solution composition, and surface roughness. In contrast to the pitting potential, which is known to be probabilistic in nature, CPT is believed by most to be a deterministic phenomenon that can be measured within a few degrees Celsius [1]. This notion has been validated by many authors who have observed a narrow range of CPT for several alloy/environment combinations [2,3]. Some authors have recently challenged this idea by reporting scattered CPT values [4]. This work seeks to determine whether the CPT falls within a narrow or wide temperature range (i.e., is CPT a deterministic or probabilistic phenomenon?). To answer this question, potentiostatic CPT measurements were performed using 1 cm² 904L stainless steel electrodes and an applied potential of 750 mV (Ag/AgCl). Temperature was increased at a rate of 1 °C/min, and the CPT was determined using the temperature at which current density rapidly increased. The CPT of 904L stainless steel was measured in four different conditions to evaluate the effect of bulk Cl⁻ concentration (0.05 and 1.0 M NaCl), passivation in 20 vol.% HNO3, and the presence of a corrosion inhibitor (0.02 M NaNO3). Figure 1 shows a cumulative graph of the CPT values of 904L obtained using the four different conditions. In this graph, n is the number of the n th pitted sample and N is the total number of experiments (i.e., 10). For all test conditions, the CPT was measured within ± 1.8 °C, which is in agreement with the reproducible CPT values reported by others [3]. Figure 1 shows that the CPT of 904L is independent of passivation in HNO₃. Further, decreasing bulk solution aggressiveness from 1.0 M NaCl to 0.05 M NaCl does not result in scattered CPT values. However, some authors have reported a considerably broader range (i.e., ± 10 °C) for the CPT of stainless steel (AISI 316L and 2205), as discussed previously. One possible explanation for their larger reported CPT range is the occurrence of crevice corrosion at the interface of the alloy/inert support (e.g., epoxy mount), which results in an inaccurate CPT measurement. To evaluate this hypothesis, the current density vs. temperature curves for two conditions were compared (see Figure 2). The blue and red curves show potentiostatic polarization results for pure pitting corrosion (i.e., crevice-free CPT measurement) and pitting + crevice corrosion, respectively. The gradual increase of the current density with temperature for the red curve suggests the presence of a crevice at the alloy/epoxy interface, which was confirmed using SEM to characterize the electrode post-polarization. On the other hand, when no crevice corrosion occurs, the current density shows a sudden increase at the CPT. The results of this study reveal that the CPT of 904L can be measured to within ± 1.8 °C, regardless of bulk solution aggressiveness (e.g., 1.0 M NaCl and 0.05 M NaCl solution) or passive state before polarization. This finding is in contrast to what some authors have suggested recently. The scattered CPT values reported in the literature are most likely due to contributions from both pitting + crevice corrosion rather than pitting corrosion alone. Acknowledgments Financial support provided by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) is gratefully acknowledged. References: [1] N.J. Laycock, M.H. Moayed, R.C. Newman, Metastable Pitting and the Critical Pitting Temperature, J. Electrochem. Soc. 145 (1998) 2622–2628. doi:10.1149/1.1838691. [2] D. Nakhaie, A. Imani, M. Autret, R.F. Schaller, E. Asselin, Critical pitting temperature of selective laser melted 316L stainless steel: A mechanistic approach, Corros. Sci. 185 (2021) 109302. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109302. [3] M.H. Moayed, R.C. Newman, Deterioration in critical pitting temperature of 904L stainless steel by addition of sulfate ions, Corros. Sci. 48 (2006) 3513–3530. doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2006.02.010. [4] J. Liu, T. Zhang, H. Li, Y. Zhao, F. Wang, X. Zhang, L. Cheng, K. Wu, Modeling of the Critical Pitting Temperature between the Laboratory-Scale Specimen and the Large-Scale Specimen, J. Electrochem. Soc. 165 (2018) C328–C333. doi:10.1149/2.0521807jes. Figure 1

Abstract Background The supertree problem, i.e., the task of finding a common refinement of a set of rooted trees is an important topic in mathematical phylogenetics. The special case of a common leaf set L is known to be solvable in linear time. Existing approaches refine one input tree using information of the others and then test whether the results are isomorphic. Results An O(k|L|) algorithm, , for constructing the common refinement T of k input trees with a common leaf set L is proposed that explicitly computes the parent function of T in a bottom-up approach. Conclusion is simpler to implement than other asymptotically optimal algorithms for the problem and outperforms the alternatives in empirical comparisons. Availability An implementation of in Python is freely available at https://github.com/david-schaller/tralda.

03–386 Anquetil, Mathilde (U. of Macerata, Italy). Apprendre à être un médiateur culturel en situation d'échange scolaire. [Learning to be a cultural mediator on a school exchange.] Le français dans le monde (Recherches et applications), Special issue Jan 2003, 121–135.03–387 Arbiol, Serge (UFR de Langues – Université Toulouse III, France; Email: arbiol@cict.fr). Multimodalité et enseignement multimédia. [Multimodality and multimedia teaching.] Stratégies d'apprentissage (Toulouse, France), 12 (2003), 51–66.03–388 Aronin, Larissa and Toubkin, Lynne (U. of Haifa Israel; Email: larisa@research.haifa.ac.il). Code-switching and learning in the classroom. International Journal of Bilingual Educationand Bilingualism (Clevedon, UK), 5, 5 (2002), 267–78.03–389 Arteaga, Deborah, Herschensohn, Julia and Gess, Randall (U. of Nevada, USA; Email: darteaga@unlv.edu). Focusing on phonology to teach morphological form in French. The Modern Language Journal (Malden, MA, USA), 87, 1 (2003), 58–70.03–390 Bax, Stephen (Canterbury Christ Church UC, UK; Email: s.bax@cant.ac.uk). CALL – past, present, and future. System (Oxford, UK), 31, 1 (2003), 13–28.03–391 Black, Catherine (Wilfrid Laurier University; Email: cblack@wlu.ca). Internet et travail coopératif: Impact sur l'attitude envers la langue et la culture-cible. [Internet and cooperative work: Impact on the students' attitude towards the target language and its culture.] The Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics (Canada), 6, 1 (2003), 5–23.03–392 Breen, Michael P. (U. of Stirling, Scotland; Email: m.p.breen@stir.ac.uk). From a Language Policy to Classroom Practice: The intervention of identity and relationships. Language and Education (Clevedon, UK), 16, 4 (2002), 260–282.03–393 Brown, David (ESSTIN, Université Henri Poincaré, Nancy). Mediated learning and foreign language acquisition. Anglais de Spécialité (Bordeaux, France), 35–36 (2000), 167–182.03–394 Charnock, Ross (Université Paris 9, France). L'argumentation rhétorique et l'enseignement de la langue de spécialité: l'exemple du discours juridique. [Rhetorical argumentation and the teaching of language for special purposes: the example of legal discourse.] Anglais de Spécialité (Bordeaux, France), 35–36 (2002), 121–136.03–395 Coffin, C. (The Centre for Language and Communications at the Open University, UK; Email: c.coffin@open.ac.uk). Exploring different dimensions of language use. ELT Journal (Oxford, UK), 57, 1 (2003), 11–18.03–396 Crosnier, Elizabeth (Université Paul Valéry de Montpellier, France; Email: elizabeth.crosnier@univ.montp3.fr). De la contradiction dans la formation en anglais Langue Etrangère Appliquée (LEA). 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ReCALL, 15, 1 (2003), 113–136.03–401 Gánem Gutiérrez, Gabriela Adela (University of Southampton, UK; Email: Adela@robcham.freeserve.co.uk). Beyond interaction: The study of collaborative activity in computer-mediated tasks. ReCALL, 15, 1 (2003), 94–112.03–402 Gibbons, Pauline. Mediating language learning: teacher interactions with ESL students in a content-based classroom. TESOL Quarterly, 37, 2 (2003), 213–245.03–403 Gwyn-Paquette, Caroline (U. of Sherbrooke, Canada; Email: cgwyn@interlinx.qc.ca) and Tochon, François Victor. The role of reflective conversations and feedback in helping preservice teachers learn to use cooperative activities in their second language classrooms. The Canadian Modern Language Review/La Revue Canadienne des Langues Vivantes, 59, 4 (2003), 503–545.03–404 Hincks, Rebecca (Centre for Speech Technology, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Sweden; Email: hinks@speech.kth.se). Speech technologies for pronunciation feedback and evaluation. ReCALL, 15, 1 (2003), 3–20.03–405 Hinkel, Eli (Seattle University, USA). Simplicity without elegance: features of sentences in L1 and L2 academic texts. TESOL Quarterly, 37, 2 (2003), 275–302.03–406 Huang, J. (Monmouth University, USA). Activities as a vehicle for linguistic and sociocultural knowledge at the elementary level. Language Teaching research (London, UK), 7, 1 (2003), 3–33.03–407 Kim, Kyung Suk (Kyonggi U., South Korea; Email: kskim@kuic.kyonggi.ac.kr). Direction-giving interactions in Korean high-school English textbooks. ITL Review of Applied Linguistics (Leuven, Belgium), 137–138 (2002), 165–179.03–408 Klippel, Friederike (Ludwigs-Maximilians U., Germany). New prospects or imminent danger? The impact of English medium instruction on education in Germany. Prospect (NSW, Australia), 18, 1 (2003), 68–81.03–409 Knutson, Sonja. Experiential learning in second-language classrooms. TESL Canada Journal (BC, Canada), 20, 2 (2003), 52–64.03–410 Ko, Jungmin, Schallert Diane L., Walters, Keith (University of Texas). Rethinking scaffolding: examining negotiation of meaning in an ESL storytelling task. TESOL Quarterly, 37, 2 (2003), 303–336.03–411 Lazaraton, Anne (University of Minnesota, USA). Incidental displays of cultural knowledge in Nonnative-English-Speaking Teachers. TESOL Quarterly, 37, 2 (2003), 213–245.03–412 Lehtonen, Tuija (University of Jyväskylä, Finland; Email: tuijunt@cc.jyu.fi) and Tuomainen, Sirpa. CSCL – A Tool to Motivate Foreign Language Learners: The Finnish Application. ReCALL, 15, 1 (2003), 51–67.03–413 Lycakis, Françoise (Lycée Galilée, Cergy, France). Les TPE et l'enseignement de l'anglais. [Supervised individual projects and English teaching.] Les langues modernes, 97, 2 (2003), 20–26.03–414 Lyster, Roy and Rebuffot, Jacques (McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Email: roy.lister@mcgill.ca). Acquisition des pronoms d'allocution en classe de français immersif. [The acquisition of pronouns of address in the French immersion class.] Aile, 17 (2002), 51–71.03–415 Macdonald, Shem (La Trobe U., Australia). Pronunciation – views and practices of reluctant teachers. Prospect (NSW, Australia) 17, 3 (2002), 3–15.03–416 Miccoli, L. (The Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil; Email: lmiccoli@dedalus.lcc.ufmg.br). English through drama for oral skills development. ELT Journal, 57, 2 (2003), 122–129.03–417 Mitchell, R. (University of Southampton), and Lee, J.H-W. Sameness and difference in classroom learning cultures: interpretations of communicative pedagogy in the UK and Korea. Language teaching research (London, UK), 7, 1 (2003), 35–63.03–418 Moore, Daniele (Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Lyon, France; Email: yanmoore@aol.com). Code-switching and learning in the classroom. International Journal of Bilingual Educationand Bilingualism (Clevedon, UK), 5, 5 (2002), 279–93.03–419 Nünning, Vera (Justus-Liebig-Universität, Gießen, Germany) and Nünning, Ansgar. Narrative Kompetenz durch neue erzählerische Kurzformen. [Acquiring narrative competence through short narrative forms.] Der Fremdsprachliche Unterricht Englisch (Seelze, Germany), 1 (2003), 4–10.03–420 O'Sullivan, Emer (Johann-Wolfgang von Goethe – Universität, Germany) and Rösler, Dietmar. Fremdsprachenlernen und Kinder- und Jugendliteratur: eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme. [Foreign language learning and children's and young people's literature: a critical stocktaking.] Zeitschrift für Fremdsprachenforschung (Berlin, Germany), 13, 1 (2002), 63–111.03–421 Parisel, Françoise (Lycée Pablo Neruda, St Martin d'Hères, France). Traduction et TPE: quand des élèves expérimentent sur la frontière entre deux langues. 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Where Are We With Technology?: What Teachers of Spanish and Portuguese Have to Say About the Presence of Technology in Their Teaching. Hispania (Los Angeles, USA), 86, 1 (2003), 88–96.03–426 Reza Kiany, G. and Shiramiry, Ebrahim (U. Essex, UK). The effect of frequent dictation on the listening comprehension ability of elementary EFL learners. TESL Canada Journal (BC, Canada), 20, 1 (2002), 57–63.03–427 Rifkin, Benjamin (U. Wisconsin, Madison, USA). A case study of the acquisition of narration in Russian: at the intersection of foreign language education, applied linguistics, and second language acquisition. Slavic and East European Journal (Tucson, AZ, USA), 46, 3 (2002), 465–481.03–428 Rosch, Jörg (Universität München, Germany). Plädoyer für ein theoriebasiertes Verfahren von Software-Design und Software-Evaluation. [Plea for a theoretically-based procedure for software design and evaluation.] Deutsch als Fremdsprache (Berlin, Germany), 40, 2 (2003), 94–103.03–429 Ross, Stephen J. (Kwansei Gakuin U., Japan). A diachronic coherence model for language program evaluation. Language learning (Oxford, UK), 53, 1 (2003), 1–33.03–430 Shei, Chi-Chiang (Chang Jung U., Taiwan; Email: shei@mail.cju.edu.tw) and Pain, Helen. Computer-Assisted Teaching of Translation Methods. Literary and Linguistic Computing (Oxford, UK), 17, 3 (2002), 323–343.03–431 Solfjeld, Kåre. Zum Thema authentische Übersetzungen im DaF-Unterricht: Überlegungen, ausgehend von Sachprosaübersetzungen aus dem Deutschen ins Norwegische. [The use of authentic translations in the Teaching of German as a Foreign Language: considerations arising from some Norwegian translations of German non-fiction texts.] Info DaF (Munich, Germany), 29, 6 (2002), 489–504.03–432 Slatyer, Helen (Macquarie U., Australia). Responding to change in immigrant English language assessment. Prospect (NSW, Australia), 18, 1 (2003), 42–52.03–433 Stockwell, Glenn R. (Ritsumeikan Univeristy, Japan; Email: gstock@ec.ritsumei.ac.jp). Effects of topic threads on sustainability of email interactions between native speakers and nonnative speakers. ReCALL, 15, 1 (2003), 37–50.03–434 Tang, E. (City University of Hong Kong), and Nesi H. Teaching vocabulary in two Chinese classrooms: schoolchildren's exposure to English words in Hong Kong and Guangzhou. Language teaching research (London, UK), 7,1 (2003), 65–97.03–435 Thomas, Alain (U. of Guelph, Canada; Email: Thomas@uoguelph.ca). La variation phonétique en français langue seconde au niveau universitaire avancé. [Phonetic variation in French as a foreign language at advanced university level.] Aile, 17 (2002), 101–121.03–436 Tudor, Ian (U. Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium; Email: itudor@ulb.ac.be). Learning to live with complexity: towards an ecological perspective on language teaching. System (Oxford, UK), 31, 1 (2003), 1–12.03–437 Wolff, Dieter (Bergische Universität, Wuppertal, Germany). Fremdsprachenlernen als Konstruktion: einige Anmerkungen zu einem viel diskutierten neuen Ansatz in der Fremdsprachendidaktik. [Foreign-language learning as ‘construction’: some remarks on a much-discussed new approach in foreign-language teaching.] Babylonia (Comano, Switzerland), 4 (2002), 7–14.

In my PhD thesis I have studied the changes in functional and structural plasticity induced by a photothrombotic stroke in mouse primary motor cortex. In order to dissect the multiple aspects consequent to the damage we exploit fluorescent imaging techniques that allow to investigate the functional and structural rearrangement of the cortex at different scale, from the entire hemisphere, with wide-field calcium imaging, up to the single synapse with two-photon microscopy. To promote a functional recovery of the mouse forelimb we applied different rehabilitative strategies in order to both foster the stabilization of regions of the cortex linked to the stroke core, and stimulate the remodelling of peri-infarct areas. We took advantage of a robotic platform (M-Platform), developed by our collaborator in Pisa, to perform the rehabilitation of mouse forelimb through a repetitive motor training. Together with this approach we applied different strategies to mould cortical activity. We temporary inhibited the healthy primary motor cortex, with an intracortical injection of Botulin Neuro Toxin E, in order to counterbalance the iper-excitability of the healthy hemisphere and to promote the structural and functional remodelling of the peri-infarct cortex. This combined rehabilitative protocol promotes the recovery of cortical maps of activation during motor training and the rewiring of interhemispheric connectivity, both from functional and structural level. Then we applied an optogenetic approach as a pro-plasticizing treatment by stimulating with light the region of the cortex surrounding the damage. By coupling this treatment with an intense motor training on the M-Platform we observed a generalized recovery of forelimb functionality in terms of manual dexterity and cortical profiles of activation. In this study, we have shown that different rehabilitative protocols that combines repetitive motor training and neuronal modulation of specific cortical regions induce a synergic effect on neuronal plasticity that promotes the recovery of structural features of healthy neuronal networks.