Articles de revues : « SANITATION STATUS »

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Hasan, AHM, Fakir Sameul Alam, Md Tufael Hossain et Maksuda Begum. « Sanitation status of a rural area of Mymensingh ». Community Based Medical Journal 7, n^o 2 (5 septembre 2018) : 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v7i2.55453.

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In Bangladesh majority of people live in rural area. Sanitation is important for health promotion, and disease prevention. To know sanitary condition of rural people of Mymensingh, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and the sampling technique was purposive. Data were collected on a pre-designed questionnaire by direct interviewing the respondents. Sanitation status was assessed by scoring on selected components of personal hygiene and environmental sanitation. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 20. A total of 514 villagers (202 male, 312 female) participated in the study. Age of respondents ranged from 10 years to 75 years; mean age was 36.23 years with a standard deviation of ±13.736 years. Females were mostly housewives (92%), males were mostly farmers (37%). Among respondents 96% had own house, 58% had cultivable land and 26% were poor. Sanitation in this study included personal hygiene and environmental sanitation. Scoring was done based on correct response on selected items of personal hygiene and environmental sanitation (80% and more: excellent, 60 to 79 percent: good, below 60 percent: bad). Personal hygiene practices included were daily bathing, hand washing with soap and water in relevant occasions, washing vegetables, fruits, covering cooked and served food. About 95% had excellent score on personal hygiene. This excellent score was more observed among respondents with increasing age, female sex, service holders, housewives and better socioeconomic condition. Environmental sanitation included safe water supply, sanitary latrine, good house, no animal in house and if present kept in cattle shed in safe distance, hygienic disposal of animal excreta and refuse. 95% had safe water supply, 75% had water seal latrine, 44% had good house and 26% had no animals. Those who kept animals only 23% kept them in cattle shed in safe distance. Hygienic disposal of animal excreta and refuse were 25% and 43.4% respectively. Environmental sanitation based on safe water supply and water seal latrine was excellent and good respectively but based on other 4 components the status was not satisfactory. Despite hardship,sanitary conditions were better thanthe results of other studies in Bangladesh and in other developing countries. Hygiene practices were praiseworthy. Improvement of socioeconomic condition and continuous health education will further improve the situation. CBMJ 2018 July: Vol. 07 No. 02 P: 34-41

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Chen, Ran, Ming Chen et Jian-hua Lyu. « Innovation Design and Empirical Research Based on Presentation of Lumbar Muscle Strain and Sanitation Products ». MATEC Web of Conferences 237 (2018) : 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823703012.

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This article takes the lumbar muscles of degeneration status of Chinese sanitation workers as the starting point, analyzed the waist health status of sanitation workers in China. The design conception of sanitation products for the lumbar muscles of degeneration of sanitation workers was obtained by analysis, and the design of today's sanitation products are rethought, use relevant research results to demonstrate that. With sanitation products as the design center, it integrates many research contents such as ergonomics, appearance, function, process and cost. To this article has designed tools that sanitation workers can use to protect their waists while working, It also provides a new idea for the wide design of sanitation products. It is conducive to maintaining the basic rights and interests of sanitation workers and promoting the urbanization process and the harmonious development of society.

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Daramola, Oluwole, Oluwaseun Olowoporoku et David Mobolaji. « BITING THE BULLET : THE CASE OF HOUSEHOLDS’ RESILIENCE TO WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION DEFICIT IN NIGERIA ». Environmental Problems 8, n^o 1 (2023) : 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ep2023.01.037.

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This study conceptually assesssed household resilience to water supply and sanitation deficit in Nigeria. It expressed water supply and sanitation situation in Nigeria in terms of historical background and organisation structure of water supply and sanitation and highlighted cases of water supply and sanitation across states and geopolitical zones to reflect the precarious water supply and sanitation condition in Nigeria. Coping strategies that households have adopted in addressing water supply and sanitation deficit were categorised into four: enhancing or supplementing available quantity of water and quality of sanitation facilities; accommodating unreliable water supply supplies and lack of sanitation facilities; improving water and sanitation quality; and collective action and voice. These coping strategies are determined by household socioeconomic status and location (urban or rural) and the extent of unreliability of supply service and their adoption places serious health, financial and social implications on the households. The study concluded that inadequate water supply and sanitation impose significant coping burdens on households, making the household resilience a case of biting the bullet and proffered recommendations that aimed at mitigating water supply and sanitation deficit in Nigeria and other countries with similar background.

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Girmay, Aderajew Mekonnen, Sirak Robele Gari, Bezatu Mengistie Alemu, Martin R. Evans et Azage Gebreyohannes Gebremariam. « Determinants of Sanitation and Hygiene Status Among Food Establishments in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ». Environmental Health Insights 14 (janvier 2020) : 117863022091568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178630220915689.

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Introduction: Despite advancements in food science and technology, foodborne disease remains one of the major public health problems. Poor sanitation and hygiene conditions of food establishments are the major causes for the occurrence of foodborne disease. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate core determinants of sanitation and hygiene status among food establishments. Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Addis Ababa city. A stratified random sampling technique was deployed to select 413 study participants. Data were collected through interview and using observational checklist. Sample size was determined by using a single population proportion formula. To analyze the data, binary logistic regression and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. In all analysis, P-value less than .05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The study revealed that 57.4% of the food establishments were under poor sanitation status. In the multivariable analysis, presence of trained managers on hygiene and sanitation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 6.10 with 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.41-15.45), presence of renewed licenses (AOR = 3.07 with 95% CI: 1.18-7.99), absence of bureaucratic function to obtain permission to renew the food establishment buildings (AOR = 2.43 with 95% CI: 1.25-4.70), and presence of at least 10-m distance between toilet and kitchen (AOR = 9.19, at 95% CI: 5.63-15.02) were associated significantly with sanitation and hygiene status. Conclusions: Above average of the food establishments were found to be in poor sanitation and hygiene state. Many core determinant factors that influence sanitation and hygienic status of food establishments were identified. The researchers suggest that formal training on sanitation and hygiene for managers of food establishments should be provided to reduce the occurrence of foodborne diseases. Moreover, strong food and water safety policy and strategy should be promulgated to improve sanitation and hygiene status of food establishments.

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Thapa, Aashish. « Sustainable Development Goal – 6 (clean water and sanitation) Status and Challenges in Nepal ». Journey for Sustainable Development and Peace Journal 1, n^o 1 (17 février 2023) : 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jsdpj.v1i1.52596.

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The paper explores access to clean water, proper sanitation and hygiene scenario, and major challenges in the context of Nepal through a review of literature and observation. Clean water and sanitation also fall under Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)- 6. Despite improvements in the past few decades, 3.8 million population has no access to basic water services, and more than 10 million population is still deprived of improved sanitation facilities in Nepal. Poor socio-economic conditions and lack of education have the biggest impact on the current water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) scenario across the country. At the same time, the poor functionality status of existing water supply systems, and the impacts of climate-induced disasters such as floods and landslides cannot be underestimated in the light of water, and sanitation.

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., Manjit, et Rakesh . « GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF SANITATION AND PERSONAL HYGIENE IN HARYANA : A CASE STUDY OF JIND DISTRICT, HARYANA ». Journal of Global Resources 9, n^o 02 (25 juillet 2023) : 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46587/jgr.2023.v09i02.015.

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Having the quality of sanitation makes man a social animal. Clean habitat, clean living habits save man from various diseases. Sanitation is the main part of the culture in India. Mahatma Gandhi has been given special importance on sanitation. At present, the Prime Minister of India has given a special intention to the Ganga cleaning campaign and swachh Bharat mission. Many programs are run for the sanitation of India. Many campaigns have been started in Haryana for the purpose of sanitation and to make the Swachh Bharat mission successful. In this study an attempt has been made to know the importance of sanitation and the status of sanitation in the context of Jind district. Through this research, the sanitation related habits of the people of rural areas of Jind have been ascertained, and it represented through simple tables. In this research, primary data has been collected and information has been taken from each respondent by simple random sampling. By the help of this data status of sanitation and personal hygiene of Jind district has been shown.

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Ezeudu, Obiora B. « Urban sanitation in Nigeria : the past, current and future status of access, policies and institutions ». Reviews on Environmental Health 35, n^o 2 (25 juin 2020) : 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2019-0025.

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AbstractThough rated among the largest economies in sub-Saharan Africa, Nigeria is currently grappling with enormous socio-economic challenges such as high poverty rate, power and water supply shortages, large-scale unemployment ratio, economic recession and underperforming agricultural sector. Judging by the scale of urgent political and economic importance, urban sanitation definitely ranks low among the government’s priorities. No wonder political slogans and manifestos of political parties feature provision of water supply while sanitation is conspicuously usually omitted. This is suggestive of the opinion that having not critically understood the status, challenges and opportunities associated with sanitation in the country’s urban areas might be partly responsible for this. Thus, the current work presents a detailed review of the past, current and future status of urban sanitation in Nigeria in terms of access coverage, policies, institutions and future challenges and opportunities. The past status was difficult to evaluate because of the absence of data and unclear definitions of the term ‘sanitation’. The current status shows among other findings that water supply issues receive domineering attention than sanitation, mainly due to merging together of discussions, policies and implementation of the two issues together. In cases where sanitation crops up in the agenda, rural areas are favored more than the urban areas. This pattern is also common in the literature. But the future of urban sanitation in Nigeria is double-edged depending on actions or inactions of the government and other stakeholders. The study further makes recommendations for – balanced and sustainable urban development planning, restructuring of land and housing policies and creation of enabling market environment that could trigger a viable sanitation industry – as the way forward.

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Donacho, Dereje Oljira, Gudina Terefe Tucho, Wuhib Zeine Ousman, Thanyang Koang Both et Abebe Beyene Hailu. « Evidence-Based User Interface Sanitation Technology Selection for Urban Slums : A Multi-Criteria Analysis ; The Case of Jimma Town, Ethiopia ». Environmental Health Insights 16 (janvier 2022) : 117863022211272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786302221127270.

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Slums are urban areas with insufficient public services and access to sanitation. Evidence-based selection of sustainable sanitation options is critical for addressing the sanitation crisis in slums. This mixed methods study was conducted in Jimma Town, southwest Ethiopia, to assess sanitation status and prioritize sustainable sanitation options for slums. The study was done in 2 phases: quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative cross-sectional household survey aimed to assess sanitation status and the qualitative exploratory method to explore alternative sanitation options and prioritize sustainable alternatives. A total of 310 households were chosen using systematic random sampling methods, of which 302 participated. Data was gathered through interviews, which were supplemented with questionnaires and observation checklists, and 2 focus group discussions (FGD) were held. First, FGD was with expertise in the sanitation sector, and the second was with community members. The state of sanitation was summarized, and multi-criteria analysis (MCA) was used to prioritize sustainable sanitation options. According to our findings, 68% of households had access to improved facilities, and 22.5% didn’t have any form of toilet facility. About 7 off-site and on-site user interface sanitation technology options were considered in the selection of alternative sanitation technologies, and each option was evaluated against 17 health, economic, social, technical, and environmental criteria. In the final analysis, the options with the highest scores for the setting were flush to septic tanks, compost toilets, and biogas toilets. Mobilizing such a promising sanitation option is recommended for future interventions.

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Hirai, Mitsuaki, Jay P. Graham et John Sandberg. « Understanding women's decision making power and its link to improved household sanitation : the case of Kenya ». Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, n^o 1 (6 février 2016) : 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.128.

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Women experience many motivational drivers for improving sanitation, but it is unclear how women's role in household decision making affects whether a household opts for better sanitation. We analyzed the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2008/2009 with a representative sample of 4,556 married and cohabiting women to examine the association between women's decision making power in relation to that of partners and the type of sanitation facilities used by household members. The independent effects of respondents’ education, employment status, and socioeconomic status on the type of sanitation facilities were also explored. The direct measurement of women's ability to influence sanitation practice was not available. To address this problem, this study used proxy measures of women's decision making power in the household. The results of this study revealed that women's decision making power for major household purchases was positively associated with households having better sanitation (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that increased gender equity could potentially have spillover effects that result in more households opting to improve their sanitation conditions.

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Afriani, Afriani, et Patmawati Patmawati. « POLA KONSUMSI DAN SANITASI LINGKUNGAN BALITA STUNTING DI POLEWALI MANDAR ». Bina Generasi : Jurnal Kesehatan 12, n^o 2 (11 mars 2021) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35907/bgjk.v12i2.168.

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This study aims to analyze the pattern of consumption and environmental sanitation in stunting children in the Wonomulyo Polewali Mandar district. Method The study design used was analytic observational. The total sample was 101 toddlers aged 6-36 months, using simple random sampling method. The determination of nutritional status was processed using the WHO AntroPlus 2010 including the Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire and an environmental sanitation questionnaire. Results: The frequency of frequent consumption of carbohydrates 79.21%, the frequency of animal protein (48.52%), vegetable protein (41.58%), fruit (46.58%), and beverages (43.6%). ), snacks (47.52%), and rare frequency of vegetables (44.54%). The average intake of energy (773.87 kcal), protein (18.19 gr), calcium (471.61 mg), and iron (8.15 mg). There was no significant relationship with the adequacy of nutrients for energy (p = 0.422), protein (p = 0.428), calcium (p = 0.075) and iron parameters had a significant relationship (p = 0.049). The results of environmental quality measurement obtained data on toddlers with short and very short nutritional status in the healthy environmental sanitation category as much as 18 (17.8%) and toddlers with short and very short nutritional status in the category of unhealthy environmental sanitation by 83 (82.2%). So that the results of the sig value test (2-sided) of 0.951> 0.05, it can be concluded that there is no relationship between nutritional status and unhealthy sanitary conditions. Conclusion: Iron adequacy is related to stunting status, while environmental sanitation quality is not related to stunting status.

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Dasi, Idharsyah Termanu, Agus Setyobudi et Mustakim Sahdan. « Study of Sanitation Levels of Passenger Ships Boying at Tenau Port ». Cross Current International Journal of Medical and Biosciences 4, n^o 3 (19 juillet 2022) : 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijmb.2022.v04i03.003.

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Ship sanitation is one of the efforts at environmental risk factors on ships to break the chain of disease transmission in order to maintain and enhance health status .Poor ship sanitation will cause many problems in terms of physical, health, aesthetics and human survival The aim of this study is to know the description of the sanitation conditions on passenger ships that docked at the Kupang Tenau Port in 20 22. The type of this study is descriptive. Population in this study is all passenger ships that dock at the Port of Tenau Kupang from 4 to 17 March 2022 totaling 8 vessels. Accidental Sampling is a technuque for taking sample in this study (which is coincidenceany) totaling 8 ships. Instrument in this study used form of sanitation inspection from Health Office shipport. The results showing that on deck sanitation aspect there are 2 (25%) ships no fulfil condition on aspect cleanliness and good was neatly arranged and 6 (75%) ships fulfil terms. On aspect sanitationof crew member's room and passenger's room there are 5 (62.5%) not fulfil condition on aspect cleanliness and 3 (37.5%) ships fulfil terms. On aspect sanitation bathroom and tailet 8 (100%) boats no fulfil condition on aspect no smells fierce, 1 (12.5%) no fulfil condition on aspect good function and 8 (100%) ships fulfil condition on aspect cleanliness, not a place to store goods and there are no insects. On aspect sanitation kitchenof the 4 ships made inspection whole boat no fulfil condition on aspect wash equipment with hot water and 3 (75%) ships not have trash cover. On aspect sanitation room cooler thera are 4 (100%) vessels full conditions (100%). On aspect sanitation warehouse supply boat there are 1 (25%) ship no fulfil condition on aspect cleanliness and 3 (75%) ships fulfil terms. On aspect sanitation handler food there are 4 (100%) ships fulfil conditions (100%). On aspect sanitation clean water supply there are 8 (100%) vessels full conditions (100%). Conclusion from 8 (100%) ships ther

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Sapta Dewi, Yusriani. « RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, AND SELF-EFFICACYWITH ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION BEHAVIOR ». International Journal of Advanced Research 9, n^o 01 (31 janvier 2021) : 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12298.

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This research aim to investigate the relationship between indigenous knowledge, socioeconomic status and self-efficacy with environmental sanitation behavior at Muara Angke,Penjaringan, North Jakarta. The method used was survey with a correlational technique, involving 100 samples. The data was then analyzed using regression and correlation test.Theresults revealed that there are linear and significant relationships between indigenous knowledge, socioeconomic status, self-efficacy, and environmental sanitation behavior. Therefore, it may be beneficial to consider those variables when stakeholders want to improve environmental sanitation behavior in the community. Further research is needed for variable other than those mentioned in this research, such as ethics, personality, etc.

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Ntakirutimana, Theoneste, Malachie Tuyizere, Olivier Ndizeye et Francois Xavier Sunday. « Status of Water, Hygiene and Sanitation Practices in Southern Rwanda ». Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 3, n^o 1 (14 avril 2020) : 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v3i1.6.

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Background Increasing access to water sanitation and promoting basic hygiene behaviours can reduce the burden of diarrheal diseases. Availability of clean water and soap enables and encourages people to wash their hands, and as a result, it reduces the likelihood of disease transmission. The study intended to assess the hygiene and sanitation practices in Southern Rwanda. Methods A mixed method with quantitative and qualitative approach was used. A random sample of 291 households was included in the study. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and observations were used. The data was analysed using SPSS 21. Results The findings show that 88% of respondents had knowledge on best practices of hand washing with soap; 83.5% of the respondents own latrines, and 38% and 26% had the will to improve their toilets roof and slabs respectively. Forty-four per cent of respondents use boiling water methods and 55% do not treat water at all. Boiling water was regarded as the main water treatment method. Conclusion The study concludes that lack of water and soaps, and hand washing facilities were among other factors that hinder hygiene and sanitation. Key words: Hygiene; sanitation practice

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Mirembe, BB, R. Ndejjo et D. Musoke. « Sanitation and hygiene status of butcheries in Kampala district, Uganda. » African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 15, n^o 70 (23 juin 2015) : 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.70.shortcom-mirembe.

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There is a growing trend in the consumption of animal products such as meat in the developing world especially due to a growing population, urbanization and rising incomes. This poses a risk of food borne illnesses from meat consumption due to poor sanitation and hygiene. The purpose of this study was to assess the sanitation and hygiene status of butcheries in Kampala district, Uganda. The study was cross-sectional in design and involved quantitative data collection methods. The study units were butcheries from which one respondent was randomly selected to answer the questionnaire. An observational checklist was used to assess the status of sanitation and hygiene of the butcheries. Data were entered and analysed in Epi Info 3.5.1 statistical software. A total of 73 butcheries were visited, 51 (69.9%) of which were permanent structures, 7 (9.6%) semi-permanent and 15 (20.5%) temporary. Observations revealed that 24 (32.9%) butcheries had cracked walls and 66 (90.4%) had damaged floors. The main water source used by the butcheries was tap 67 (91.8%) with the rest collecting water from nearby protected springs. Hand washing facilities were present in 56 (76.7%) of the butcheries of which only 5 (6.8%) had soap for hand washing. Only 19 (26.0%) of the butcheries had receptacles for waste storage. Cleaning practices varied among butchers with 55 (75.3%) cleaning their butcheries daily. Most of the equipment (pangas and knives) found in the butcheries 66 (90.4%) were clean. Regarding personal hygiene, 57 (78.1%) of the respondents wore clean clothes, 65 (89.0%) had short finger nails and only 23 (31.5%) had personal protective wear. From the study, it was observed that the sanitation and hygiene status of butcheries in Kampala district was poor. There is, thus, need for the local authority to put in place stringent measures to ensure proper hygiene and sanitation which will reduce on the risks of meat contamination.

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Düven, Gamze, Gülten Tiryaki Gündüz et Duygu Kışla. « Determination of hygienic status of refrigerators surface ». Food and Health 7, n^o 4 (2021) : 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3153/fh21026.

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This study was aimed to determine the microbial load and the hygienic status of household refrigerator surfaces. Psychrotrophic and coliform bacteria counts were carried out to determine the hygienic status of household refrigerators. Surface samples were investigated in 3 groups as housewives’, students’ and workers’ refrigerators, and each group, including ten refrigerators. A total of two hundred and forty samples, one hundred and twenty sides and one hundred and twenty shelves were taken from the side and shelf surfaces of a total of thirty different refrigerators. In general, when the results were examined, it was determined that the sanitation program and effectiveness of the workers’ refrigerators were sufficient, and the sanitation of the housewives’ and students’ should be examined or insufficient.

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Illahi, Feby Mega, et Ariusni Ariusni. « Pengaruh Fasilitas Rumah Terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai ». Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 2, n^o 2 (1 juin 2020) : 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v2i2.12643.

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This study aims to determine: (1) The Effect of Electricity Availability on people's welfare. (2) Effect of Availability of Clean Water on people’s welfare. (3) Effect of Sanitation on people's welfare. (4) Effect of Housing Ownership Status on people's welfare. (5) Effects of Electricity Availability, Availability of Clean Water, Sanitation and Home Ownership Status on people's welfare. This type of research is descriptive and associative. The type of data used is secondary data, namely 2018 SUSENAS data conducted by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Electricity Availability has a positive and significant effect on people's welfare. (2) The availability of clean water has a positive and significant effect on people's welfare. (3) Sanitation has a positive and significant effect on people's welfare. (4) House Ownership Status has a negative and not significant effect on people's welfare. (5) Availability of Electricity, Availability of Clean Water, Sanitation and Home Ownership Status has a positive and significant impact on people's welfare. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that the Mentawai Islands Regency government focus on infrastructure development especially those related to electricity, clean water and sanitation. This is done so that the welfare of the people in the Mentawai Islands Regency can be improved.

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Islam, MS, BC Sarker, NA Mahmud et ASM Saifullah. « Water quality and Sanitation status : A study on Char land of Bhuapur upazila under Tangail district ». Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 11, n^o 2 (6 août 2014) : 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i2.19895.

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The study was aimed to review the damage of sanitation facilities; since Char lands dwellers faces manifold challenges concerning sanitation, hygiene and water during flood. It also explored the possibilities of overcoming the negative impacts of floods on sources of safe drinking water and sanitation. The study result shows that, about 54% of the overall latrines were included ring slab with water seal, pit latrine, bush or hanging toilet of the flood affected people during the flood. Around 19% of the respondents use to do toilet in the open area during flood. Different NGOs e.g. Jamuna Char Development Project (JCDP), Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), CARE and Red Crescent Society of Bangladesh works for rehabilitation of the flood affected people and give early warning on the flood. Depending on location and sanitation conditions, drinking water sources may be contaminated by flood water during flood and many waterborne diseases can spread out like Cholera, Dysentery, Diarrhoea, diseases of the skin, Typhoid etc. meantime. The conducted survey also reports that, drinking water and sanitation condition is not dependable (on the commentary of 64.8% of the responders). Therefore, the flood affected people of Bhuapur are usually underprivileged from appropriate sanitation facility on flood. They somehow conform themselves while a chain of problems strikes hardly during flood. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i2.19895 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 11(2): 209-214, 2013

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Huong, Le Thi Thanh, Tran Thi Tuyet-Hanh, Hoang Van Minh, Bui Thi Thu Ha, Nguyen Quynh Anh, Nguyen Thi Huong, Phan Thi Thu Trang et al. « Access to Improved Water Sources and Sanitation in Minority Ethnic People in Vietnam and Some Sociodemographic Associations : A 2019 National Survey ». Environmental Health Insights 14 (janvier 2020) : 117863022094634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178630220946342.

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Background: Achieving access to clean water and basic sanitation remains as major challenges in Vietnam, especially for vulnerable groups such as minority people, despite all the progress made by the Millennium Development Goal number 7.C. Objectives: The study aimed to describe the access to improved water sources and sanitation of the ethnic minority people in Vietnam based on a national survey and to identify associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 with a sample size of 1385 ethnic minority households in 12 provinces in Vietnam. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was performed to examine the probability of having access to improved water sources and sanitation and sociodemographic status at a significance level of P < .05. Results: The access to improved water sources and sanitation was unequal among the ethnic minority people in Vietnam, with the lowest access rate in the northern midland and mountainous and Central Highland areas and the highest access rate in the Mekong Delta region. Some sociodemographic variables that were likely to increase the ethnic minority people’s access to improved water sources and/or sanitation included older age, female household heads, household heads with high educational levels, religious households, and households in not poor status. Conclusion and recommendations: The study suggested more emphasis on religion for improving the ethnic minority’s access to improved water sources and sanitation. Besides, persons of poor and near-poor status and with low educational levels should be of focus in future water and sanitation intervention programs.

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Setyaningsih, Rahayu, et Diyono Diyono. « FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEJADIAN DIARE PADA BALITA ». KOSALA : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan 8, n^o 2 (26 novembre 2020) : 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37831/jik.v8i2.190.

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Background. Based on data from the Health Profile of Central Java Province on 2017, the proportion of diarrhea cases handled in Central Java in 2017 was 55.8%, the highest incidence of diarrhea was handled in Magelang, Surakarta and Sukoharjo. Factors that influence the occurrence of diarrhea include nutritional status, socioeconomic, health information, socio-culture, food sanitation, allergies and digestive tract infections. Research Objective. To find the factors that influence the incidence of diarrhea. Subjects and Methods. Subject Population of mothers and toddlers, in Posyandu Kadilangu Village with 57 samples. Method is non-experimental research with correlation approach. Data were collected using a questionnaire, analyzed using chi square. Results. All factors are influence diarhhea, nutritional status (p = 0.046), food sanitation (p = 0.001), socioeconomic (p = 0.001) and health information (p = 0.001). Conclusion. There is a relationship between nutritional status, food sanitation, socioeconomic and health information with the incidence of diarrhea. Keywords: diarrhea, health information, nutritional status, sanitation, social economic Korespondensi: Rahayu Setyaningsih. STIKES PANTI KOSALA SURAKARTA. Jalan Raya Solo - Baki KM. 4 Gedangan, Grogol, Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah. Email: rahayusetyaningsih78@gmail.com

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Hinton, Rebekah G. K., Christopher J. A. Macleod, Mads Troldborg, Modesta B. Kanjaye et Robert M. Kalin. « The Status of Sanitation in Malawi : Is SDG6.2 Achievable ? » International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n^o 15 (5 août 2023) : 6528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20156528.

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Ensuring access to adequate and equitable sanitation and ending open defecation by 2030 is the focus of Sustainable Development Goal 6.2 (SDG6.2). We evaluated Malawi’s progress towards SDG 6.2 (specifically the goal to end open defecation), presenting the results of a national survey of over 200,000 sanitary facilities and evaluating their management. Based on non-linear population dynamics, we used a linear model to evaluate the reduction in open defecation between 1992–2018, and to project whether Malawi can meet the SDG target to end open defecation by 2030 under multiple scenarios of population growth. Whilst Malawi has made considerable progress in providing sanitary provision for the population, we estimate that, at the current rate of the provision of sanitary facilities, Malawi will not reach SDG 6.2 by 2030 under any of the modelled socioeconomic scenarios. Furthermore, we compare the estimates of the extent of sanitary provision classed as improved from multiple surveys, including the USAID Demographic and Health (DHS) Surveys and Government of Malawi Census data. We conclude that some of the surveys (particularly the 2015/16 DHS) may be overestimating the level of improved sanitary provision, and we hypothesize that this is due to how pit-latrines with earth/sand slabs are classed. Furthermore, we examine the long-term sustainability of pit-latrine use, investigating the challenge of pit-latrine abandonment and identifying pit-latrine filling as a cause of the abandonment in 30.2% of cases. We estimate that between 2020–2070, 31.8 (range 2.8 to 3320) million pit-latrines will be filled and abandoned, representing a major challenge for the safe management of abandoned latrines, a potential for long-term impacts on the groundwater quality, and a significant loss of investment in sanitary infrastructure. For Malawi to reach SDG 6.2, improvements are needed in both the quantity and quality of its sanitary facilities.

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Kim, Y. K., I. S. Seo, N. C. Jung, J. Y. Kim et J. H. Byun. « Status analysis and strategic framework for sanitation management in Asia and Africa ». Water Science and Technology 56, n^o 5 (1 septembre 2007) : 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.553.

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Following rapid population increase and industrial development, the ever increasing environmental pollution and the associated sanitation-related problem are no longer regional or local but have become an issue requiring global-dimensional concern and the provision of problem-solving alternatives. Especially, since most problems result from inappropriate sewerage and the lack of sewage treatment system are in a serious state occurring in economically underdeveloped regions, and as such, their significance is enormous. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has been making efforts to establish the technology selection methodology applicable in developing countries, through the accurate status, investigation and analysis of the wastewater management state in Asian and African regions, and the sanitation management guideline utilisable by political leaders or decision-makers. As part of this effort, the Korea Institute of Water Environment (KIWE), together with the UNEP, selected China and Vietnam (in Asia) and Kenya and Ethiopia (in Africa) as subject countries to investigate and perform on-site sanitation management investigations and analysis in this research. Results obtained from the on-site investigation were analysed, and in order to be helpful in establishing a strategy for sanitation management in underdeveloped countries, the strategic framework (SF) has been made based on characterised results.

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Mapatac, Levitah. « The Health and Sanitary Status of Mamanwa Indigenous People in Selected Areas in Caraga Region ». Proceedings Journal of Education, Psychology and Social Science Research 1, n^o 1 (22 novembre 2014) : 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21016/icepss.14021.

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This study aims to determine the health and sanitary status of the Mamanwa indigenous people in selected areas in CARAGA Region. The respondents were the Mamanwa people who are residents of Cantugas, Mainit, Surigao del Norte community, and Kitcharao, Agusan del Norte community. The study used descriptive research design utilizing questionnaires and personal interviews in gathering the data. The total population of the respondents is 69 and respondents from both communities were selected based on simple random design. The study used percentage and mode/majority criterion, weighted mean, and Kendal-tau correlation. The findings showed that in the extent of health and sanitation education which was divided into three factors: Factor 1 which is the regularity of adopting health and sanitation practices shows a mean rating described as always except for item 9. Factor 2 was about exposure to health and sanitation campaign and education show a mean rating of sometimes. Factor 3 is about awareness on health and sanitation show a mean rating of sometimes. On the economic status of Mamanwa people which was the (factor 1) economic status of Mamanwa parents, 75.4% of the Mamanwa parents send their children to school and 64.9% of Mamanwa parents’ allocated budget for clothing and other personal necessities. On the social status of the location (factor 2), only 35.1% of the respondents said that they have proper waste disposal and segregation. The results showed that Mamanwa children regardless of sex and age were undernourished and there is a significant relationship between the regularity of adopting health and sanitation practices with hygiene on health care where it had an R-value of 0.47 and 0.35 respectively. Lastly, only economic factors on the social status of the location had a significant relationship on the health status of Mamanwa children in terms of BMI which had an R-value -0.20 and p-value 0.049.

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Borah, Mridul Kumar. « Status of Sanitation Facilities in Elementary School and its Impact on Girl Child - A Case Study of Jorhat District of Assam ». International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 03, n^o 11 (2022) : 3385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.2022.31103.

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Absence of sanitation facilities in Elementary School has many impacts upon students, especially upon girls. Despite of numerous schemes and policies related to providing sanitation facilities in Elementary Schools, many schools lacks this facility. There exist huge disparities in terms of availability of Sanitation infrastructure in the Elementary Schools worldwide. Jorhat district of Assam, which is the locale of this study, is also not different in this regard. Therefore, this study is an attempt to show the availability of sanitation facilities in elementary schools of Jorhat district along with its impact upon girl child

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Mannan, Fouzia. « Are Organizations Accountable ? Disconnect between Gender and Sanitation in Bangladesh ». Environment and Urbanization ASIA 9, n^o 1 (15 janvier 2018) : 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425317748534.

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Deep-rooted gender inequalities exist in organizations responsible for provisioning sanitation facilities in Bangladesh with regard to organizational culture, financial status and power axis within and beyond the organizations. There are huge gaps between these organizations as these have differential gender-sensitive policies or even lack proper understanding of gender. Without having a gender-sensitive leadership within organizations, sanitation issues continue to have a male-dominated bias. Given the patriarchal organizational culture and mindset in Bangladesh, serious rethinking is needed to bring about a gender-sensitive sanitation policy. This article aims to investigate gender issues in sanitation through qualitative analysis of select sanitation and water-implementing organizations in Dhaka and explore how they understand, interpret and practice ‘gender’.

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Aliyo, Alqeer, Jonse Daba et Menelik Legese. « Sanitary and Hygienic Status and Associated Factors Among Food and Drinking Establishments of Burayu Town, Oromia, Ethiopia ». Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology 10 (janvier 2023) : 233339282211445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23333928221144553.

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Background Foodborne diseases (FBDs) are a major public health concern in both developed and developing countries, as they comprise a broad spectrum of diseases and account for a significant proportion of morbidities and mortalities worldwide. In Ethiopia, the food and drinking establishments contribute to the incidence of foodborne diseases often associated with outbreaks that end up threatening global public health security. Objective To assess sanitation and hygienic status and associated factors among food and drinking establishments in Burayu town, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2022 Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study design with a systematic sampling technique was used. Data were collected from 257 food and drinking establishments’ managers/owners using questionnaires and observational checklists. Data were entered by Epi data version 3.1 and exported to BIM SPSS version 21 for data analyses. Both descriptive and analytic statistics were employed. Statistical significance was considered at a P value less than 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval. Results The study revealed that 47.9% of the food and drinking establishments were in poor sanitation and hygienic status. The study showed that male managers (AOR: 9.29, 95% CI: 2.97-21.14), managers less than 40 years old (AOR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03-4.36), more than five years services (AOR: 3.66, 95% CI: 1.66-8.07), lack of clean basin (AOR: 2.92, 95% CI: 0.10-11.47), absence of liquid waste drainage system installations (AOR: 3.26, 95% CI: 0.12-0.62) were significantly associated with poor sanitation and hygienic status of food and drinking establishments. Conclusion and Recommendation The findings indicated that high prevalence of poor sanitation and hygienic status of the food and drinking establishments. Therefore, the establishments should avail waste drainage system, clean basin, renew the establishment providing the service for many years and encourage female empowerment to fulfill and maintain sanitation and hygienic status of their establishments.

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Sari, Aprilia Nur Indah, Eka Srirahayu Ariestiningsih et Desty Muzarofatus Sholikhah. « HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU, POLA MAKAN, DAN HYGIENE SANITASI DENGAN STATUS GIZI BALITA (12-59 BULAN) DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SEMBAYAT KABUPATEN GRESIK ». Ghidza Media Jurnal 4, n^o 1 (3 novembre 2022) : 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/ghidzamediajurnal.v4i1.4628.

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The toddlers’ nutritional status is an health indicator must be considered because it can affect the growth and the development. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between mother’s knowledges, eating habits, and hygiene sanitation with the toddlers’ nutritional status (12-59 months) in the work area of Sembayat Public Health Center, Gresik Regency. The research is analitic observational research by using cross sectional design. The respondents in his study are 91respondent. Data collection using questionnaires and toddlers’ weight and height measurements. The data are analyzed by using Lambda test with significance α of < 0.05. The results showed that there is significant relation between mother’s knowledges with the toddlers’ nutritional status BB/U and TB/U. There is no significant relation between eating habits with the toddlers’ nutritional status BB/U and TB/U. There is significant relation between hygiene sanitation with the toddlers’ nutritional status BB/U and TB/U. Almost half of mothers who have good knowledge, have toddlers’ with good nutritional status. Most of toddlers’ families have healthy hygiene sanitation conditions and the toddlers’ have good nutritional status. The toddlers’ eating habits in good category do not mean having good nutritional status, this can be caused by inappropriate mother’s parenting, education efforts related to mother’s parenting are needed to improve nutritional status with parenting practices.

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Roba, Salad Diba. « Is Gender Based Violence Related to Sanitation ? A Case Study of Patongo Town Council, Uganda ». Journal of Gender Related Studies 3, n^o 2 (26 novembre 2022) : 22–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jgrs.1139.

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Gender-based violence is a global problem that affects women of all races, colours and creeds. The Sustainable Development Goals also emphasise the need to pay special attention to women and girls regarding hygiene and sanitation. While lack of sanitation is not the main cause of gender-based violence, it is a significant contributor to its occurrence. Several studies have been published in the literature on violence against women in different parts of the world. Still, this study focused on Patongo Municipality, Agago District, Northern Uganda, where few studies have been conducted. This study investigated whether gender-based violence was linked to sanitation. The study focused on sanitation practices and gender-based decision-making. It also examined gender-based violence related to sanitation, including concerns, worries and fears, and economic violence. In general, the study looked at how sanitation practices may be linked to gender-based violence. Sanitation practice is gendered and mainly revolved around excreta, pregnancy and menstrual hygiene. These practices are the result of education, culture and economic status in the household. Therefore, these sanitation practices are shaped by different norms and roles among women and men. Men and women expressed stress related to sanitation, with women expressing it more. This stress results from the location of the latrine, its accessories and the taboos around menstruation and pregnancy. This study further explores the issue of safety, privacy, protection and shame concerning sanitation practices. Roles and responsibilities are gendered. For example, men decide on the location and financing of the latrine, while women are responsible for the daily maintenance of the latrine. Due to their education and socioeconomic status, women sometimes decide on the latrine's location.The community had different perceptions of gender-based violence. For them, gender-based violence referred only to sexual and physical violence. However, the study found various forms of gender-based violence in the community, including Sexual, physical, emotional and economic violence. Although these forms existed in the community, the study concluded that gender-based violence was not related to sanitation.

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Pokhrel, Damodar, et Thiruvenkatachari Viraraghavan. « Diarrhoeal diseases in Nepal vis-à-vis water supply and sanitation status ». Journal of Water and Health 2, n^o 2 (1 juin 2004) : 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2004.0007.

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Diarrhoeal diseases are still a major challenge in Nepal because of inadequate safe water supply, poor sanitation and living conditions. However, several other factors such as the literacy rate, socio-economic status, and social, religious or personal perception of the cause of disease may influence the rate of morbidity and mortality of diarrhoeal diseases. A yearly minimum death of 30,000 and morbidity of 3.3 episodes per child was estimated due to diarrhoea. An environmental health education programme, along with water supply and sanitation intervention, is an effective mitigation measure to reduce diarrhoeal diseases in Nepal.

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Mwakitalima, Anyitike, Khalid Massa, Amour Seleman et Telemu Kassile. « Scaling up rural sanitation in Tanzania : evidence from the National Sanitation Campaign ». Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, n^o 2 (5 avril 2018) : 290–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.072.

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Abstract Access to improved sanitation facilities has been a challenge, especially in developing countries. In 2012, Tanzania launched a rural-based National Sanitation Campaign to address the challenge of low coverage of improved sanitation and hygiene at household and school levels using a combination of approaches including Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) and behavior change communication. In June 2016, a study that involved interviews with heads of households, complemented by observations of sanitation and hygiene facilities in 2,875 households from 289 villages, was carried out in campaign and non-campaign villages. Overall, 94.7% of the households had a basic toilet; whereas 7.0% of the households from non-campaign villages against 3.5% from the campaign villages had no toilet. Moreover, overall coverage of improved sanitation was found to be 52.6% and varied between campaign (62%) and non-campaign (43%) villages. Hand washing points were hardly observed in both campaign and non-campaign villages, although they differed significantly between the two areas: 42.7 vs. 26.7% for campaign and non-campaign villages, respectively. Factors associated with households' access to improved latrines include economic status of the household, education level of the head of household and geographical location of the household. Further studies are needed before drawing clear-cut conclusions about the impact of the campaign.

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Abeng, Andi Tenri, Djauhar Ismail et Emy Huriyati. « Sanitasi, infeksi, dan status gizi anak balita di Kecamatan Tenggarong Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara ». Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia 10, n^o 3 (30 janvier 2014) : 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.18867.

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Background: Malnutrition is a public health problem commonly encountered in developing countries. Almost 50% of 10-11 millions of mortality among children under-fives caused by malnutrition that is preventable. District of Kutai Kartanegara is known as the most wealth of district in Indonesia, yet the wealth cannot automatically solve the problem of its people. Numerous efforts have been made to solve malnutrition problem yet the morbidity rate is still relatively high.Objective: The study aimed to identify an association between sanitation with infection and nutritional status of under five at Subdistrict of Tenggarong, District of Kutai Kartanegara.Method: The study was observational with cross sectional design. Samples consisted of 187 under fives of 7-60 months taken using proportional random sampling technique. Variable of sanitation was obtained from the interview with subjects using questionnaire and direct observation. Variable of infection was obtained from an interview with subjects and cross check at health centers. The dependent variable of nutritional status was based on anthropometric assessment using weight/height index. The bivariate analysis used Chi-Square and multivariate analysis used logistic regression.Results: The result of the statistical test showed there was a significant association between sanitation and infection (acute respiratory tract infection/ARI, diarrhea) of under fives (p<0.05). There was an association between ARI and diarrhea with wasted children (p<0.05).Conclusion: There was the significant association between sanitation, infection and nutritional status of under five at Subdistrict of Tenggarong District of Kutai Kartanegara.

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Rana, S., HK Ghosh, MA Sattar et MA MA. « Water Supply and Sanitation Status of Haryzon Polly Dwellers at Natunbazar Area in Mymensingh District ». Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 9, n^o 1 (8 novembre 2016) : 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v9i1.30307.

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Information was collected from various respondents through survey using prescribed questionnaire in Haryzon Polly area at Natun Bazar located under Sadar Upazila in Mymensingh district. It was found that about 56% people were dependent on deep tube-well water for their daily household purpose. The remaining 44% was dependent on tap water supply. According to the respondents, deep tube wells water were mostly used (98%) for drinking purpose and remaining 2% was used by tap water. Of them supply water was used in toilet purpose by 71% and deep tube-well water by 29%. Most of the people of Haryzon Polly at Natunbazar in Mymensingh district were conscious regarding sanitation, but a large portion of them were unaware of safe hygiene. The people dump children feces 60% in open places. Seventeen percentage children did not have any proper knowledge about sanitation. Most of the people have no proper training about sanitation. The survey also indicated that the overall hygienic condition of the respondents and sanitation condition of study area were poor in Haryzon Polly area at Natun Bazar, where both sanitary and hygiene condition were found to be acceptable condition.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(1): 143-146 2016

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CAIRNCROSS, S. « Sanitation in the developing world : current status and future solutions ». International Journal of Environmental Health Research 13, sup1 (janvier 2003) : S123—S131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0960312031000102886.

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Xu, Jun, et Chun Mei Gao. « Study on Design and Innovation of New-Type Environment-Friendly Landscape Environmental Sanitation Facilities ». Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (novembre 2011) : 1451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.1451.

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Focusing on the current urban environmental sanitation facilities, this paper analyzes the current status of environmental sanitation facilities. Combining with various objects and life patterns in daily life, it discusses about the wide application of landscape environmental sanitation facilities in real life and particularly studies the landscape property of garbage containers. The advanced technologies are employed in the garbage disposal containers to design the environment-friendly, green and energy-saving new-type landscape environmental sanitation facilities. Moreover, it points out the significance of creating new technology and new concept in the urban landscape facilities, and adopts the innovative idea and new concept to realize the harmonious and wonderful human settlement.

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Luo, Qing, Mengjie Zhang, Wei Yao, Yanfen Fu, Haichun Wei, Yong Tao, Jianjun Liu et Hongyan Yao. « A Spatio-Temporal Pattern and Socio-Economic Factors Analysis of Improved Sanitation in China, 2006–2015 ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, n^o 11 (9 novembre 2018) : 2510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112510.

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Ensuring an adequate and safe access to sanitation is essential to prevent diseases. Using provincial spatial panel data reported in the China Health Statistical Yearbook and the China Statistical Yearbook, this paper analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics of improved rural sanitation in 30 Chinese provinces during the period 2006–2015, and analyzed factors that may affect improved sanitation rates in rural China. Spatial autocorrelations of improved sanitation rates were computed via Global and Local Moran’s I firstly, and then, inter-provincial disparities of improved sanitation were assessed by using the Theil index estimator; finally, the spatial panel model was employed to examine the potential socio-economic factors. Spatial autocorrelations results suggested that the provincial improved sanitation rates changes affect both the provinces themselves and the adjacent regions; Analysis of the spatial panel model revealed that factors such as GDP per capita, investment proportion ratio, centralized water supply, rural residents’ expenditure were positively associated with improved sanitation rates, and illiteracy rate of people older than 15 was negatively related with improved sanitation rates. Socio-economic factors had affected the improved sanitation rates in 30 provinces in rural China. Thus, a series of policies, socio-economic measures and personal latrine literacy education should be given to improve the status of improved sanitation rates in rural China.

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Nurmaini, Nurmaini, et Etti Sudaryati. « Relationship between Sanitation Hygiene and Health Care with Healthy Family Security of the Family of Smokers at Berastagi Subdistrict ». Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, n^o 17 (13 août 2019) : 2874–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.419.

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BACKGROUND: Healthy family security means the strength and the ability of a family to meet health needs and to be free from health problems. The health problem itself is various and numerous, especially related to sanitation hygiene and health care. AIM: This research aims at analysing the relationship between sanitation hygiene and health care with healthy family security of the family of smokers. METHODS: It involved 120 families of smokers living at Berastagi Subdistrict, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia, as the sample of the research. Data collection was done by doing observation and interview with a structured questionnaire instrument. Weight and height of the family members of the smokers were recorded as the measurement of nutrition status as well as health status for the measurement of healthy family security. RESULTS: The research found that there was a significant relationship between sanitation hygiene and health care with healthy family security. CONCLUSION: The research concluded that sanitation hygiene and health care performed by the family of smokers could increase healthy family security.

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Shahid, Muhammad, Yang Cao, Muhammad Shahzad, Rafit Saheed, Umara Rauf, Madeeha Gohar Qureshi, Abdullah Hasnat, Asma Bibi et Farooq Ahmed. « Socio-Economic and Environmental Determinants of Malnutrition in under Three Children : Evidence from PDHS-2018 ». Children 9, n^o 3 (4 mars 2022) : 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9030361.

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Objectives: This research investigates the association of malnutrition with social and economic factors in general and environmental factors in specific such as sanitation facilities and drinking water sources for Pakistan. Methods: Authors used the latest data of 1010 Under-Three children from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2017–2018. Cumulative Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) was developed to measure the malnutrition status among children based on z-scores of WHZ, WAZ, and HAZ, respectively. The study has applied the discrete-choice logistic methodology to find the relationship of malnutrition with socio-economic characteristics. The interaction terms of drinking water source and sanitation facility have been measured to see the impact of environmental factors on child malnutrition. Results: The study results depict that the likelihood of malnutrition increases when the child had diarrhea recently and the child belongs to the deprived region such as KPK, Sind, and Baluchistan. However, the chances of child malnutrition drop with (1) an escalation of mothers’ education, (2) a rise in wealth status of the household, and (3) the improved water source and sanitation facility in the household. The only water-improved sanitation category of the interaction term is significant in the model which depicts that households having both improved water and improved sanitation facilities had very fewer chances of malnutrition among their children. Conclusion: Authors conclude that malnutrition in younger children is associated with improved water as well as sanitation facilities, maternal education, and household wealth in Pakistan.

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Puspita, Dhanang, Dary . et Etika Noviyanti Suwarso. « GAMBARAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI TUMBUH KEMBANG BALITA YANG TINGGAL DI SEKITAR TPA BLONDO-BAWEN, KABUPATEN SEMARANG ». KRITIS 27, n^o 1 (7 septembre 2018) : 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/kritis.v27i1p81-91.

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This research is motivated by factors that affect the growth and development of toddlers in final disposal sites (TPA), namely those related to nutritional status, chronic disease or infection, health care, environmental sanitation. The research objective was to determine the factors that influence the growth and development of children under five who live around TPA Blondo, Bawen, Semarang Regency. This research used quantitative descriptive method with univariate analysis data processing. The study population was probably 30 toddlers 1 - 5 years old with a total sampling technique of 30 toddlers. Results of the study: 22 toddlers (73.33%) with good nutritional status and 8 under-fives (26.67%) of malnutrition. There were 21 children under five (70%) who had suffered chronic disease and 9 children under five (30%) never had chronic disease. There were 27 toddlers in an environment that had adequate sanitation status (90%) and 3 under-fives (10%) who were in an environment with insufficient sanitation status. Health care with sufficient criteria as many as 26 toddlers (86.67%) and less criteria as many as 4 children under five (13.33%). Factors affecting growth and development; lack of nutrition, food intake for toddlers is not balanced.

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Chowdhury, Samik, Indrani Gupta, Shankar Prinja et Mayur Trivedi. « Does Access to Basic Amenities Influence Health Status ? Evidence from a Household Survey in Three States of India ». Journal of Infrastructure Development 9, n^o 1 (juin 2017) : 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974930617701519.

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Social determinants of health (SDH) are extremely important for a developing country like India that is battling a double burden of disease with exceptionally low levels of resources allocated for the health sector. This article adds to the evidence on the linkages between health status and SDH, with special focus on basic amenities, such as housing, water and sanitation. Based on data collected through a large sample household survey covering eight districts in three states of India, the study reports the status of basic amenities, disease burden and explores a link between the two. The study finds that access to basic amenities does affect the likelihood of a communicable disease in a statistically significant manner. The policy implication is that any successful communicable disease prevention agenda must take into account cross-cutting interventions involving multiple sectors, such as housing, water and sanitation. A sustained focus on these can rein in a lot of avoidable morbidity and mortality. In addition, it also has the potential for direct and indirect cost savings for the individual as well as the state.

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Ohwo, Odafivwotu. « Sanitation Status of Income Groupings of the Sustainable Development Goals : Implications for the Attainment of Target 6.2 ». European Journal of Development Studies 3, n^o 3 (1 juin 2023) : 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejdevelop.2023.3.3.265.

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The use of safely managed sanitation services (SMSS) has been recognized as fundamental to maintaining good health and prevention of diseases, especially diarrhea. This study assessed the sanitation status of income groupings of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and its implication for the attainment of target 6.2. The descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted, which involved harvesting of retrospective data from the Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) report for 2021 on household SMSS and open defecation (OD) of the SDG income groupings “(low-income, lower-middle income, upper-middle income & high-income)” that were disaggregated for rural and urban (RU) areas. The findings revealed that the chances of the global population attaining the sanitation targets by 2030 was very slim, as none of the income groupings was projected to reach 100% coverage of SMSS by 2030. The provision of SMSS increases progressively from the low-income to the high-income groupings and from the RU areas. OD was more prevalent in the rural area of the low-income and lower-middle income countries. Therefore, achieving the sanitation component of target 6.2 will require an annual growth rate of SMSS of about six folds of current rates, especially in the low and lower-middle income classes.

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Efendi, Rusman, et Jihan Nada Alya Syifa. « Status Kesehatan Pasar Ditinjau Dari Aspek Sanitasi Dan Perilaku Hidup Bersih Sehat (PHBS) Pada Pasar Ciputat dan Pasar Modern BSD Kota Tangerang Selatan ». Jurnal Kesehatan Indonesia 9, n^o 3 (12 septembre 2019) : 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.33657/jurkessia.v9i3.179.

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ABSTRACT The less market seen from the aspect of good sanitation and health behaviour of traders, managers and visitors can be a source of perkembangbiakkan and the spread of the disease. This can occur as a result of the Junk pile and all types of shit that has decayed, the absence of sewer/drainage and inadequate building conditions, conditions that are less healthy can be a flow of transmission of diseases from one person keorang another either through direct or indirect contact. One way to break the direct or indirect contacts that can occur in a market environment that is need for the implementation of a good market environment sanitation in accordance with the guidelines of the healthy market Kepmenkes Number 519/Menkes/SK/VI/2008. The purpose of this research is to know the health status of the market in terms of Sanitation and market aspects of Ciputat and markets Modern BSD. This research was conducted in may 2018. This research is the kind of research kuantitif with a descriptive observational approach by using a cross sectional study design, which is based on checklist No. 519 Kemenkes the year 2008 about the market Healthy. Health status of Ciputat Market aspects of sanitation categorized less with a score of 1484 or 51.5%, yet in the aspect of PHBS Ciputat Market categorized less well with a score of 1400 or 46.7% while Modern market's Health Status in terms of BSD sanitary aspects categorized both by a score of 2500 or 86.8% but in the aspect of Modern market PHBS BSD categorized both by a score of 2350 or 78.3%. The good health status of the Modern market and Ciputat Market BSD assessed aspects of sanitation and clean living and healthy behaviors (PHBS), on the assessment of the two aspects of the modern market of sanitary aspects and PHBS, market manager for Advice to undertakings leasehold improvements to market better, and need to be held or the educational approach to health promotion in the form of a media poster about the importance of clean living and healthy behavior in the market environment and sanitation hygiene training for traders and workers to improve public health degrees

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Hothur, Rekha, Sreedevi Arepalli et Anusha Doddoju Veera Bhadreshwara. « A KAP study on water, sanitation and hygiene among residents of Parla village, Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh ». International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, n^o 5 (27 avril 2019) : 2081. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20191823.

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Background: Ensuring access to safe drinking water and sanitation for rural people is the key catalyst for economic and human growth. However extreme poverty inhibits a significant portion of rural population from getting access to sanitation facilities and safe drinking water services. The study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes and Practices (KAP) with regard to water, sanitation and hygienic practices and to identify the socio-demographic factors in relation.Methods: A cross-sectional study sample comprising of 236 households was conducted in the rural field practice area after obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee approval. Proportionate sample of 20% households were taken from each ward and houses were selected by systematic random sampling method. Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding water, sanitation and hygiene were assessed using pretested semi-structured questionnaire.Results: Out of 236 households majority interviewed were females 169 (71.6%), illiterate (54.2%) and unskilled workers 122 (51.7%) belonging to class V socio-economic status 165 (69.9%). Household lavatory is absent in 114 (48.3%) households. Out of 122 (51.7%) households having sanitary lavatories only 59 (48.4%) were fully utilizing them remaining 63 (51.6%) households were going to open defecation even though sanitary lavatory was present. A significant association between defecation practice and socio-economic status, education were observed.Conclusions: This study shows that even though they have sufficient knowledge on water purification, Sanitation and hygiene this was not translated into practice because of poor attitude.

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Donacho, Dereje Oljira, Gudina Terefe Tucho et Abebe Beyene Hailu. « Households' access to safely managed sanitation facility and its determinant factors in Jimma town, Ethiopia ». Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 12, n^o 2 (29 janvier 2022) : 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2022.003.

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Abstract Safe sanitation service is vital to a healthy life and promoting well-being. However, information on the proportion of households' access to safely managed sanitation services and its determinants in urban resource-limited settings is particularly scarce in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine households' access to a safely managed sanitation service and its associated factors in Jimma, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design was conducted on 782 households selected randomly. Household heads were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and facility conditions were assessed using an observation checklist. The proportion of households with access to sanitation services was presented in frequency and percentage. A binary logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the association between the explanatory and dependent variables. The study found that a significant proportion of households (87%) use unsafe sanitation services. The presence of a school-attending family member, a smaller family size, heads of households engaged in private work, wives engaged in employed work, a higher monthly income, and toilet age are all associated with access to safely managed sanitation. To ensure safe sanitation access in the setting, sanitation interventions should take into account household differences, prioritize sustainable sanitation technology options in newly built toilets, improve households' economic status, and expand job opportunities and education for mothers, which demands long-term policy interventions.

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Iryna Krylova. « ADMINISTRATION AND REGULATION OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SERVICE SECTOR OF UKRAINE ». World Science 3, n^o 5(45) (31 mai 2019) : 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/31052019/6522.

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The article deals with the sphere of services of water supply and sanitation of Ukraine as an object of public administration and regulation. The meaning of the notions "drinking water", "drinking water supply", "centralized water supply", "wastewater (sanitation)" and others are provided. The composition of water supply and sanitation services is analyzed. The questions of surface wastewater (water received and collected in the form of atmospheric precipitation), which are not included in the list of water supply and sanitation services, are considered. Modern models of management of enterprises of water supply and sanitation in Ukraine are considered, the overwhelming majority of which is direct communal management. The legal status and features of water supply and sanitation companies of communal property are determined. The peculiarities of realization of public-private partnership in the field of water supply and wastewater are considered, examples of existing lease / concession agreements of water supply and sanitation facilities are given. The legal principles of state regulation of the activities of water supply and sanitation enterprises and regulatory measures are considered. The legal principles and features of the state tariff policy in the field of water supply and wastewater are determined. The issues of quality of water supply and sanitation services, consumer rights protection and environmental regulation in the field of water supply and wastewater are considered.

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Jaiswal, Mrs Vaishali. « Status and Trends in Provision of Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation in India : Evidence from Census ». Epidemiology International 2, n^o 2 (15 août 2017) : 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.201707.

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Hoque, MM, AK Miah, MS Rahman, MS Rahaman et MK Hossain. « Water Quality Parameters and Sanitation Status of the Educational Institutions at Jamurki, Mirzapur, Tangail ». Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 8, n^o 1 (24 août 2015) : 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v8i1.24683.

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The study was conducted to investigate the water quality parameters and sanitation status in the educational institutions at Jamurki Union in Mirzapur of Tangail district. The study determined different water quality parameters such as As, pH, Fe, DO, TDS and EC. Most of the investigated water quality parameters in the study area were suitable for drinking purposes comparing with standard values. The range of investigated parameters in the study area of educational institutions were As 0 to 15 ppb, pH 6.5 to 8.5, Fe 0.1 to 0.9 ppm, DO 2.5 to 4.0 mg, TDS 121 to 445 ppm, EC 246 to 592 ?s/cm and most of the color of water samples water were standard means colorless and the odor of samples were also good However, the values of pH was exceeded somewhere. All of the tube wells were free from Arsenic. Most of the samples exceeded the standard values of Fe. The study identified the various problems of sanitation systems in the educational institutions e.g. Poor sanitation condition, dirty toilets, and insufficient toilets for female students.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(1): 121-124 2015

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Almedom, Astier, Ursula Blumenthal et Lenore Manderson. « Public Health Engineering : Hygiene Evaluation Procedures ». Practicing Anthropology 18, n^o 3 (1 juillet 1996) : 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.18.3.r34g7w5lv9g25205.

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Water and sanitation projects were among the first to which rapid appraisal methods were applied, primarily to monitor or evaluate projects where improved health status had not ensued as expected, following the provision of improved facilities. Qualitative research methods were used to identify perceived social, cultural, and behavioral barriers to full or appropriate use of these facilities. (See, for example, the World Health Organization's Minimum Evaluation Procedure (MEP) for Water Supply and Sanitation Projects [Geneva: WHO, 1983] and M. Simpson-Herbert, Methods for Gathering Socio-Cultural Data for Water Supply and Sanitation Projects [Washington, DC: UNDP/World Bank, Technology Advisory Group, 1983].) Water and sanitation-related hygiene practices are complex, however, and the relationship between the provision of infrastructure, health education, and behavior change have remained perplexing. It continues to be a major concern, too, since morbidity and mortality worldwide is associated in many ways with poor sanitation, lack of potable water, and detrimental hygiene practices.

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Anand, Deepak, et Shiv Prakash. « Assessment of the hygiene and sanitation practices of students of class VI to IX in urban government inter college at Allahabad district, India ». International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, n^o 9 (24 août 2018) : 3870. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183428.

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Background: Hygiene and sanitation practices directly affect health status, and students can be easily educated for correct practices, which can be a cheap and effective measure for disease prevention, also it will reduce absenteeism due to illness in schools. This research paper was designed to assess the factors influencing hygiene and sanitation practices among school children.Methods: It is a cross-sectional descriptive study, sample size was 400. Data was collected between August 2017 and December 2017 by using structured questionnaire on general hygiene and sanitation practices.Results: It was found that only 61.5% of students wash their hand before meals, merely 16.75% of them were practicing proper dental hygiene, 41.25% of them clean genitals properly, whereas 52.25% students daily consumes food from vendors. Significant difference in sanitation and hygiene practices was found regarding education of father, education of mother and socioeconomic status.Conclusions: Hygiene and sanitation practices among students are not satisfactory and there is scope for improvement.

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Kafle, Simrin, et Bandana Pradhan. « Situation of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene and Diarrhoeal Disease After Open Defecation Free Declaration and Associated Factors of Makwanpur District, Nepal ». Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, n^o 2 (5 juillet 2018) : 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v16i2.20303.

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Background: Makwanpur district was declared Open Defecation Free in 2013 as the movement started in Nepal since 2003 to address the high burden of diarrhoeal disease among under five children. As the water supply, sanitation and hygiene situation of the district is not known after the declaration, the need for this study was visualized.Methods: It was a cross sectional study among randomly sampled 178 households using interview and observation. Water, sanitation and hygiene situation was assessed in terms of related facilities, knowledge and practices of mothers. Results were compared with the standard open defecation free criteria of Nepal. Five years trend of diarrhoeal disease was analysed from the health facility records to assess the impact of declaration.Results: Of the total households 92% had toilets and 90% had access to improved water source. About 79% mothers had high knowledge on safe water, sanitation and hygiene and 43% practiced hand washing with soap at critical times. Proper disposal of solid and liquid waste was found among 32% and 46% of households respectively. About 68% of households had good water, sanitation and hygiene situation and was found to be significantly associated with related knowledge among mothers irrespective of their economic status. Diarrhoeal disease among under five children was found declining after open defecation free declaration.Conclusions: Water, sanitation and hygiene status in the study area is found lower than the criteria for open defecation free declaration. However, diarrhoeal disease among children under five is declining after the declaration.

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Singh, Renu. « Swachh Bharat Mission – Gramin : Role in Improving Sanitation Status in India ». Public Affairs And Governance 7, n^o 2 (2019) : 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-2136.2019.00009.2.

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Chatterjee, Sumit. « Status of Urban Water Supply and Sanitation in India–Challenges Ahead ». Indian Journal of Public Administration 49, n^o 3 (juillet 2003) : 389–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120030316.

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