Thèses : « Sandy Shore »

1

Sawada, Hideki. « Temporal occurrence of the planktonic bivalve larvae in an exposed sandy shore ». Kyoto University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/152530.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第16514号
農博第1904号
新制||農||995(附属図書館)
学位論文||H24||N4647(農学部図書室)
29171
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻
(主査)准教授豊原治彦, 教授山下洋, 准教授笠井亮秀
学位規則第４条第１項該当

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Lee, Ka-wai. « The impact of foraging by soldier crabs, Mictyris brevidactylus, on sandy shore communities ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B3955742X.

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Lee, Ka-wai, et 李嘉慧. « The impact of foraging by soldier crabs, Mictyris brevidactylus, on sandy shore communities ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3955742X.

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4

Roberts, Tiffany. « Natural and Anthropogenic Influences on the Morphodynamics of Sandy and Mixed Sand and Gravel Beaches ». Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4216.

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Beaches and coastal environments are dynamic, constantly shaped and reshaped by natural processes and anthropogenic modifications. The morphodynamics and influence of natural and anthropogenic factors of two different coasts at various temporal and spatial scales are discussed. To quantify the performance of several beach nourishment projects at annual temporal and kilometer spatial scales on three adjacent microtidal low-wave energy barrier islands in west-central Florida, a total of 5,200 beach and nearshore-profiles spaced at 300 m were surveyed monthly to bi-monthly from 2006-2010. Beach nourishment performance is most significantly influenced by the interruption of longshore sediment transport by complex tidal-inlet processes. More specifically, the tidal-inlet processes influencing adjacent beach nourishment performance includes longshore transport interruption resulting from divergence induced by wave refraction over an ebb-tidal shoal, flood-tidal currents along the beach, and total littoral blockage by structured inlets. A morphologic indicator of a large longshore transport gradient within the study area is the absence of a nearshore sandbar. These non-barred beaches are characterized by persistent shoreline erosion and were almost exclusively located in areas with a large longshore transport gradient. The more typical beach state along the three barrier islands was one exhibiting a migratory bar and relatively stable shoreline. The presence of a sandbar indicates the dominance of cross-shore processes, with onshore migration during calm wave conditions and offshore migration during energetic wave conditions. The onshore and offshore migration of the sandbar is closely related to non-stormy summer and stormy winter seasonal beach changes, respectively. The morphodynamics of a mixed sand and gravel beach in Delaware were investigated based on 740 beach profiles surveyed almost monthly from 2009 to 2011, 60 sediment cores, and 550 surface sediment samples collected at various alongshore and cross-shore transects. Inter-seasonal temporal scales of storm-induced beach changes and post-storm recovery were examined based on a hurricane, a typical energetic winter storm, and an extremely energetic storm resulting from the rare collision of a hurricane and winter storm ("Nor'Ida") occurring within a 3-month period in 2009. The mixed sand and gravel beaches in Delaware are characterized by monotonically increasing water depths lacking a sandbar under all wave conditions. A distinctive beach cycle was identified consisting of a built-up berm profile and depleted nearly-planar storm profile, with a time-scale related to the frequency and intensity of storm impact and duration of intra-storm recovery instead of simple seasonality. The sedimentological characteristics of the storm deposit associated with Nor'Ida demonstrated substantial cross-shore variation ranging from sandy-gravel and gravelly-sand within the storm swash zone (near the pre-storm dune edge) to well-sorted medium to coarse sand seaward of the storm swash zone, suggesting that storm deposits along mixed beaches demonstrate a variety of sedimentological characteristics. A new dynamic beach cycle model is proposed for the non-barred mixed sand and gravel beach with temporal variability controlled by storm occurrence and inter-storm duration.

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Cowie, Phillip Rhys. « The microbial ecology of a temperate, sandy shore with an emphasis on marine naked amoebae ». Thesis, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417933.

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Mendonca, Vanda Maria Domingos. « Predator-prey interactions in a sandy shore system in the Moray Firth, North-East Scotland ». Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU106181.

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56 invertebrate species were identified from the sediment at Culbin. There was little evidence of consistent and easily interpretable seasonal cycles for the main invertebrates, but several species tended to have higher abundance during the autumn or early winter. Annual production by invertebrates was 15-23 gAFDW.m-2.yr-1. Arenicola marina was the most important in terms of standing stock in the sediment, followed by the bivalve Cerastoderma edule. Production values of cockles were 1.4-3.4 gAFDW.m-2.yr-1. The most abundant epibenthic species were the brown shrimp Crangon crangon, the common goby Pomatoschistus microps and plaice Pleuronectes platessa, but other fish (e.g. sandeel Ammodytes tobianus, three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, fifteen-spined stickleback Spinachia spinachia, sea scorpion Myoxocephalus scorpio, pipefish Nerophis lumbriciformes, sand goby Pomatoschistus minutus, and flounder Plactichthys flesus), crab (e.g. shore crab Carcinus maenas and hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus ) and starfish (Asterias rubens) were also present. The most important prey were amphipods (mainly Bathyporeia) for the brown shrimp and common goby, and bivalves (siphons of adult individuals) for plaice. Despite the relatively high consumption rates manipulative field experiments showed that none of the predators had significant impact on invertebrate prey densities, although shorebirds had significant size effects on the prey, especially on the larger size classes of the bivalves C. edule and Macoma balthica. These results are in line with others found all around the world such as in the Ythan estuary, Scotland (e.g. Raffaelli & Hall, 1992, Anim. Ecol. 61: 551-560), USA (Wilson, 1994, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 196(1) : 15-25), and in New Zealand (Trush et al., 1994, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 107(3) : 211-222).

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Brady, Alexander F. (Alexander Foster). « Buyouts and beyonds : politics, planning, and the future of Staten Island's East Shore after superstorm Sandy ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98926.

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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2015.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 113-125).
In the aftermath of Superstorm Sandy, two separate, federally funded programs began purchasing storm-damaged homes from voluntary sellers in the low-lying, working-class communities of Staten Island's East Shore. New York State's, offered in three specific, geographically bounded neighborhoods, requires that the land procured be preserved as open space. The City's acquires any substantially damaged properties, with the goal of redeveloping them as more resilient housing. I began my research by asking why these parallel and sometimes competing programs had been established for the East Shore. What I uncovered was a deeply political, ad-hoc process resulting from a complex series of interactions between and among residents and their elected officials, each lobbying for their own priorities. While I explore this process in depth, I also pursue additional questions suggested by my findings. I was consistently told that each program's primary goal was to meet residents' immediate needs; thus, each was designed to respond to individuals or groups of homeowners, rather address the community as a whole. Yet when they were announced, each was also framed in terms of future land use: with the State's to create "buffer" areas protecting inland neighborhoods, and the City's providing an opportunity to rethink the East Shore's small lots, narrow streets, and insufficient infrastructure, a legacy of its history as a community of summer bungalows. Now that the government has begun to acquire land, however, these future-oriented goals have encountered numerous challenges-from disagreements over the appropriate agency to own and maintain the open space, to a potential loss of one of the few areas of the city providing an affordable homeownership option. In this context, I examine the post-Sandy planning processes that did take place in New York and their relationship to the acquisition programs, in comparison to similar planning and acquisition processes in New Orleans, LA and Cedar Rapids, IA. Ultimately, and particularly in light of the slow process of disbursing federal aid, I ask whether an engaged, participatory planning process is really a barrier to meeting immediate needs, or whether a properly designed process can yield better outcomes for both the victims of disaster and the neighborhoods they leave behind.
by Alexander F. Brady.
M.C.P.

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8

Smith, Cameron Ewart. « A comparison between macrofaunal communities on mixed shores and rocky and sandy shores in False Bay ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9910.

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Bibliography: leaves 92-99.
The community structures of three shore types namely: "mixed shores" (those where rocky and sandy-shore habitats are intermixed), pure rocky shores and pure sandy beaches in False Bay, South Africa are compared in this study. Four habitats were identified - pure rock (unaffected by sand), mixed rock (rock affected by sand), mixed sand (sand between emergent rocks) and pure sand (beaches with no emergent rock) - representing a gradation from pure rock to pure sandy beaches. The specific aims of this study were to: (1) Sample quantitatively and describe macrofaunal communities on mixed shores in False Bay; (2) make direct comparisons among both the four types of habitats and three types of shores; and (3) test the hypothesis that sand inundation increases diversity at both habitat (a-diversity) and shore (diversity) level. The biological communities of mixed shores are described in terms of species composition, trophic organisation and zonation. Mixed-shore zonation patterns are different from those previously described for pure rocky shores in the region. The ability of Charomytilus meridiana/is and inability of patellid limpets and various algae, to withstand sand inundation are largely responsible for these differences.

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Adams, Gina Anne. « Interactive effects of atmospheric COâ†2 enrichment, salinity and nitrogen concentration on performance of a Câ†3 and a Câ†4 strandline annual ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341454.

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10

Thomalla, Frank. « Happisburgh to Winterton sea defences : effects of shore-parallel breakwaters on beach morphology ». Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481802.

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11

Nazir, Ramli Bin. « The moment carrying capcity of short piles in sand ». Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240279.

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12

Cooper, Patrick Michael. « Testing COULWAVE for use in modeling cross-shore sand transport and beach profile evolution ». UNF Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/893.

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Realistic, reliable, and effective modeling of cross-shore sediment transport is not present in the current literature. Building that model requires the accurate recreation of breaking wave processes in the nearshore. To develop that first step for an as-yet-to-be-designed model, multiple phase-resolving wave transformation algorithms are reviewed for in-depth investigation. The COULWAVE model is selected for robust testing. Testing of the COULWAVE model shows that, although capable of recreating realistic results, it does not adequately describe major wave characteristics in the surf zone, across a wide range of conditions, to warrant use in a future cross-shore sediment transport model.

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13

Menn, Iris. « Ecological comparison of two sandy shores with different wave energy and morphodynamics in the North Sea ». [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964411792.

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Marino, Tapia Ismael de Jesus. « Cross-shore sediment transport processes on natural beaches and their relation to sand bar migration patterns ». Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/469.

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During the last two decades several field studies have shown a clear pattern in the cross-shore sediment transport processes on beaches. Outside the surf zone, the stronger onshore velocities under unbroken (Stokes-type) wave crests, produce a dominant onshore sediment transport. Inside the surf zone, strong offshore-directed mean currents (undertow) drive sediments offshore. It is of great interest for the scientific community to verify further the consistency of this pattern under different morphodynamic conditions, understand the underlying physics and quantify/parameterise this behaviour in order to improve the understanding of cross-shore sediment transport and simplify the modelling of beach profile change. The present investigation addresses this niche by i) analysing cross-shore sediment transport processes with field data spanning the swash, surf and shoaling zones, ii) quantifying (parameterising) the cross-shore structure of such processes, and iii) incorporating the sediment transport parameterisation (shape function) into a model of bar generation and migration. To achieve this, concurrent measurements of velocity, surface elevation and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) were obtained with electromagnetic current meters (EMCM), pressure transducers (PT), and optical backscatter sensors (OBS) on five different beaches across Europe under a wide range of morphodynamic conditions. Results show that the normalised (by the local energy level) net cross-shore sediment transport, expressed as moments of the velocity field (energetics approach), has a remarkably coherent structure across-shore (shape function, SF) in all the data sets. The pattern consists of net onshore transport in the swash zone, offshore transport inside the surf zone, and onshore transport outside the surf zone with a convergence of sediment around the breaking point and a divergence in the inner surf/swash zone. This behaviour is a product of the balance between multiple opposing mechanisms, and a few of them describe the overall pattern, namely short wave skewness outside the surf zone (onshore transport), and the combined effect of undertow and wave stirring at short and long frequencies inside the surf zone (offshore transport). The velocity moments SF represents the cross-shore distribution of the cross-shore sediment transport processes and it is observed to compare well (linear correlation of 0.61) with the cross-shore structure of the measured sediment fluxes. The shapef unction was incorporatedin to a time dependenmt odel of beachp rofile changew ith the aim of reproducing bar migration patterns as observed in the field (Gallagher et al., 1998). The SF-based profile model comprises a simple wave transformation routine that accounts for linear shoaling and assumes a saturation law for wave decay inside the surf zone. An energetics approach (Bailard, 1981) is then used to calculate sediment fluxes with the third and fourth velocity moments parameterised via shape functions. Profile change is calculated by solving numerically the mass conservation equation. When the SF model is forced with measured offshore wave conditions and an initial beach profile, the model can successfully predict bar generation and migration (R2 = 0.86) over 77 days as observed at Duck, North Carolina, a microtidal beach unrelated to the development of the SF. This includes events of bar migration offshore, onshore or no net movement (stable bar). These results show that the convergence of sediment at the breakpoint (breakpoint hypothesis) combined with the morphological feedback can successfully explain the generation and evolution of shore parallel bars over months. The model cannot replicate the whole profile shape, but it is able to produce realistic bar behaviour such as net offshore movement of sandbars, generation close to the shore, volume growth as they travel offshore, bar amplitude decay when continuously subjected to an unbroken wave regime, onshore bar migration, and the subdued morphology of macrotidal beaches.

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Avis, Anthony Mark. « Coastal dune ecology and management in the Eastern Cape ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003753.

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The importance of understanding the ecological functioning of coastal dune systems is emphasized as being fundamental to the correct management of the dune landscape. Dune vegetation along the Eastern Cape coastline, from Cape St Francis in the west to Kei Mouth in the east was described in terms of the distribution and phytochorological affinities of the taxa. At a regional scale species distribution was strongly influenced by both the climate, particularly rainfall, and the phytochorological affinities of the taxa. Seven communities were defined using TWINSPAN, and the interrelationships between these communities in anyone area appeared to be linked to a successional gradient. Dune Slacks are thought to play a key role in this successional sequence, and a temporal study of this community led to a conceptual model of plant succession in these dunefields. Climate, particularly rainfall and wind, are major factors influencing plant succession. Wind-borne sand causes the slacks to migrate in an easterly direction under the influence of the predominantly westerly winds, although easterly winds, mainly in summer months may reverse these trends. Autogenic changes appeared to be important in this succession, and a comparative study of a good example of a primary succession at Mtunzini in Natal was undertaken to elucidate the main mechanism of change. Eight communities that were identified here were concluded to be distnbuted along a gradient of increasing age, with successional changes predictable, linear and directional. Species were grouped in distinct zones along the continuum and edaphic changes (decrease in soil pH, increase in organic matter and exchangeable bases) were related to the community based changes in species composition. The mechanism of change supported the facilitation model of plant succession which is a modification of the original Clementsian concept. Similar results were found in the Eastern Cape, but due to the harsh environment, multiple pathways of succession exist. Data from this study lent support to the model of plant succession developed earlier, and confinned that the dune slacks played an important role in this facilitation by acting as centres of diversity. The foredunes were found to have an indirect role in protecting these slacks from salt spray and sand movement. The central theme of the management studies was to investigate the ecological consequences of recreational pressure within the dune environment. Current levels of beach utilization at East London were lower than other beaches in South Africa, but a general trend of increasing utilization due to sociopolitical changes can be expected. The suitability of questionnaire surveys to assess aspects such as the adequacy of facilities, perceptual carrying capacity and the beach users opinion of natural vegetation and preference for particular beaches was demonstrated. The dune vegetation was found to be sensitive to human trampling, but at current levels, the ecological carrying capacity will not be exceeded since results of the aerial census counts and questionnaire survey revealed that few people entered sensitive zones such as the coastal forest. More detailed long term studies on the susceptibility of dune vegetation to both trampling and off-road vehicle impacts revealed a low resilience of dune plant communities to these effects. Although susceptibility differed between the three communities tested, generally the greatest amount of damage occurred after the first few passages, and vehicles caused a more significant decrease in height when compared to trampling. Recovery rates were slow and low levels of repeated damage were sufficient to retard or prevent the recovery of the plants. Stricter control of vehicle use on beaches is therefore required, and in high use zones the ecological carrying capacity should be increased by providing access tracks if possible, or if not possible, by restricting access. A historical account of the process of dune stabilization showed that although first initiated in 1845, indigenous species were only used in the past three decades. The use of alien species has resulted in problems such as a reduction in the ecological integrity and aesthetic appeal of coastal systems. The techniques applied in the stabilization of drift sands with indigenous vegetation have been successful, as revealed by a quantitative survey of 17 sites in the Eastern Cape. Sites were grouped by multivariate analysis on the basis of their species composition, and variability between sites was dependent on the types of species planted. Selection of suitable species is therefore important and is discussed with respect to their natural distribution along the coast. The long term objective of stabilization should be the creation of functional, diverse, aesthetic ecosystems, since the intrinsic and economic value of the dune landscape for tourism lies therein. However, detailed studies should be undertaken prior to implementing a manipulative process such as dune stabilization, since ecological processes may be disrupted. An understanding of such processes is therefore important if one wishes to effectively manage the dune landscape.

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Dower, Katherine Mary. « Sand inundation on rocky shores : its effects on species richness and the structure of species assemblages ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007183.

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Although sand deposits are present on many intertidal rocky shores, their effects on species richness, zonation and trophic structure have often been overlooked. This study is the first to recognise sand as an important abiotic factor on South African rocky shores. Rocky shores in the eastern Cape Province of South Africa are subject to extensive sand inundation and are composed of two hard substrata of differing topographies. Four sites on one substratum and six on the other were sampled quantitatively using quadrats. The biota were identified, counted and/ or weighed to provide a matrix of species biomass and numbers in separate zones. This matrix was then analysed using ordination and classification. A total of 321 species were identified which is more than local rocky or sandy shores. While the intermediate disturbance hypothesis would predict high species richness on these shores, it does not fully explain this richness nor the distribution of species assemblages. Habitat heterogeneity, including the dynamics of sand deposits, is strongly influenced by substratum topography and is the most important factor generating species richness. Abrasion by sand (sand scour) causes local reductions in richness but the presence of semi-permanent sand deposits allows habitation by psammophilic and sand-dependent species. As a result the biota of a sand inundated rocky shore includes both a full rocky shore and a large sandy beach component. Substratum topography controls patterns of sand deposition and retention and community analysis showed that samples were clustered primarily according to species richness and secondarily according to substratum type. Ordination of species identified an arc of species assemblages of decreasing levels of sand tolerance. These corresponded to sample groupings so that th assemblages found in various habitats were characterised by particular levels of sand tolerance. The presence of sand has a negative effect on the biomass of primary producers and filter feeders but a positive effect on the biomass of deposit feeders. Because sand is retained to different degrees in different zones, trophic structure varies between zones and to a lesser extent, between rock types. In general, however, the trophic structure of sand inundated rocky shores is similar to that of non-inundated shores.

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Baret, Christophe Marc Eric. « The effect of structure slope and packing arrangement on the hydraulic stability of geotextile sand container revetments ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79919.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Innovative and versatile coastal protection structures made of Geotextile Sand Containers (GSCs) are increasingly being incorporated into coastal management solutions because of their cost effective and environmentally friendly characteristics. This is as opposed to conventional ‘hard’ coastal protection solutions that utilise rocks and or concrete units to protect the coastline. With GSC structures being a relatively new coastal protection solution, few design and construction guidelines are available. Research into the behaviour of GSC structures under wave attack is on-going with particular emphasis on the hydraulic processes that affect GSC structures and cause them to fail. The use of GSC revetments as coastal protection solutions has become more popular in South Africa during recent times, particularly along the coastline of KwaZulu-Natal. However, the chosen design of these GSC revetments falls outside the range of applicability of the available design charts and stability equations. Therefore the hydraulic stability of these structures is largely unknown. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the effect of structure slopes and packing arrangements on the hydraulic stability of GSC revetments. The application of available design charts and stability equations was also evaluated. Two-dimensional physical modelling was undertaken and a total of 12 GSC revetment permutations were tested during the physical modelling test series. The results of the physical modelling showed that the structure slope had the most significant effect on the hydraulic stability. Steeper structure slopes were more hydraulically stable than gentler structure slopes. The packing arrangements of the GSCs had less of an effect on the hydraulic stability of the GSC revetments. Single layer GSC armour revetments matched or out-performed the equivalent double layer GSC revetments; while GSC revetments with GSCs orientated with the long axis perpendicular to the wave attack performed marginally better than the equivalent GSC revetments with GSCs orientated with the long axis parallel to the wave attack. The available design charts and stability equations were assessed against the results of the physical modelling and showed varying degrees of correlation. The stability equation proposed by Recio (2007) proved to be particularly accurate.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Innoverende en veelsydige kusbeskermingstrukture wat van geotekstielsandhouers (GSH’s) gemaak is, word al hoe meer by kusbestuursoplossings ingesluit weens die kostedoeltreffendheid en omgewingsvriendelike aard daarvan. Dít is in teenstelling met konvensionele ‘harde’ kusbeskermingsoplossings, wat van rotse en/of betoneenhede gebruik maak om die kuslyn te beskerm. Aangesien GSH-strukture ’n betreklik nuwe kusbeskermingsoplossing is, is weinig ontwerp- en konstruksieriglyne beskikbaar. Navorsing oor die werkverrigting van GSH-strukture onder golfaanslag duur voort, met bepaalde klem op die hidrouliese prosesse wat GSH-strukture beïnvloed en die werking daarvan benadeel. Die gebruik van GSH-bedekte hellings as kusbeskermingsoplossings het in die laaste tyd al hoe gewilder geword in Suid-Afrika, veral langs die kus van KwaZulu-Natal. Tog val die gekose ontwerp van hierdie GSH-bedekte hellings buite die toepaslikheidsbestek van die beskikbare ontwerpriglyne en stabiliteitsvergelykings. Die hidrouliese stabiliteit van hierdie strukture is dus grotendeels onbekend. Die hoofoogmerk van hierdie studie was om ondersoek in te stel na die effek van struktuurhellings en pakformasies op die hidrouliese stabiliteit van GSH-bedekte hellings. Die toepaslikheid van beskikbare ontwerpriglyne en stabiliteitsvergelykings is ook geëvalueer. Tweedimensionele fisiese modellering is onderneem en altesaam 12 GSH-bedekte hellings is gedurende die fisiese-modelleringstoetsreeks getoets. Die resultate van die fisiese modellering toon dat die struktuurhelling die beduidendste effek op hidrouliese stabiliteit het. Steiler struktuurhellings was hidroulies meer stabiel as platter hellings. Die pakformasies van die GSH’s blyk ’n kleiner effek op die hidrouliese stabiliteit van die GSH-bedekte hellings te hê. GSH-bedekte hellings wat met ’n enkele laag GSH’s versterk is, het ewe goed of beter presteer as die keermure met ’n dubbele laag GSH’s, terwyl GSH-bedekte hellings met die lang-as van die GSH’s loodreg op die rigting van die golfaanslag effens beter presteer het as dié met die lang-as parallel met die golfaanslag. Die beskikbare ontwerpriglyne en stabiliteitsvergelykings is geëvalueer aan die hand van die resultate van die fisiese modellering, en het ’n wisselende mate van korrelasie getoon. Veral die stabiliteitsvergelyking van Recio (2007) blyk besonder akkuraat te wees.

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Tracy-Smith, Emily. « Relation of Missouri river flows to sandbar morphology with implications for selected biota ». Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6253.

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Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (June 27, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

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Crowell, Kelly Jean Geography &amp Oceanography Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. « Short wave infrared spectral response of fluvial channel sands in the Towamba River, NSW, Australia : implications for sediment tracing ». Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Geography and Oceanography, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38680.

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Emergent spatial signals which may be interpreted in the context of fluvial sediment transport processes are detected through the use of reflectance spectroscopy in the sand-sized sediments of the Towamba River, southeastern New South Wales. Reflectance spectroscopy of sufficiently fine spectral resolution represents a technique for mineral composition analysis which is complementary to X-ray diffraction, with advantages in terms of ease of sample preparation and rapidity of measurement. Instrumentation is available allowing high-quality spectrum acquisition in the field and from airborne and satellite-borne instruments. The former allows mineral analyses to more easily be incorporated into sediment tracing studies as an additional variable. The latter offers large scale, repeatable areal coverage of a dynamic system in which sediments are exposed to the sky. The Towamba River drains a catchment of c. 1000 km [square] in extensively altered granitic terrain along the south coast of New South Wales, and carries significant quantities of sand-sized sediment through much of the system. Pervasive but spatially variable chlorite, epidote, and sericite have been described in local and neighbouring terrain. These are spectrally active in the SWIR wavelength region in which the PIMA portable spectrometer operates. The airborne HyMap instrument is sensitive through this range as well as through the visible and near-infrared regions. Conventionally such channel sediments would represent a single class in the context of the broader landscape, and comparatively they represent a domain of restricted variance. In this study of samples of sediment were collected for analysis with the PIMA, the results of which supported the efficacy of such an exercise in a conventional tracing context and supported analysis of HyMap imagery. Although issues related to reduction of HyMap-detected radiance to reflectance prevented effective analysis of the shorter wavelengths sensitive to the presence of ferrous and ferric iron, the consideration of absorption feature depths and the application of a matched filtering operator revealed gross-scale spatial patterns which were interpreted as two populations of sand in the main channel. This interpretation is consistent with bank erosion occurring during two very large magnitude flow events in the 1970s, with minor ongoing perturbation of the sediment signal in the main channel by the contribution of sediment from tributaries. The presence of a definite spatial signal having been established, routes for further investigation are suggested. A noisy signal hypothesised on the basis of imagery may be used to better direct a field sampling program for a conventional sediment tracing study. The signal to noise ratio may be improved for example through calibration of radiance to reflectance and removal of atmospheric interference and improved field sampling schemes, after which more rigorous, quantitative exercises such as geostatistical ???field??? trial or spatial series analysis may be performed. Connections to process through sediment transport models are enabled through the use of GIS.

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Huff, Tonya Michelle. « Impacts of human trampling and periodic sand inundation on Southern California intertidal algal turf communities implications for conservation and management of rocky shores / ». Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3222055.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 20, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Itugha, Okuroghoboye Diepreye. « Solute and particulate transport at the interface of near-shore permeable estuarine beach-sand : an experimental study of the outer reaches of River Mersey estuary, N W England ». Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533997.

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LIMONCELLI, MARTA. « Short-term erosion pattern in the Alps-Apennines belt constrained by downstream changes of zircons morphology and U-PB ages from the Po drainage modern sands ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/29393.

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Downstream changes of the geochronological signature in the Po drainage allow to assess the relative sediment contributions shed from the orogenic source areas, in order to constrain the short-term (102-104 y) erosion pattern in the Alps-Apennines orogenic couple. In this perspective, we collected modern sands in selected tributaries draining the major tectonic units exposed in the orogen, as well as along the Po River trunk and in different sites of the Po Delta. Zircon concentrates were separated according to specific quantitative procedures coupled with grain-size and grain-density analyses, which provide an evaluation of zircon content in source rocks, of hydraulic sorting effects, and related intersample/intrasample zircon variability. Our methodological approach allows to perform sediment budgets and evaluate mineral content in diverse sediment sources (mineral fertility). Budget calculations were performed by investigating geochronological signals upstream and downstream of major confluences. We employed, LA-ICPMS U-Pb geochronology on detrital zircons, because this technique allows a full control of zircon populations during separation procedures and data analysis; we found, instead, that fission track dating on detrital zircon is affected and biased by selective grain loss. Results of U-Pb analysis performed on single grains show that all samples from the Po Delta yield similar grain-age distributions, and include grain-age populations that are rather constant both in age and size. Major peaks are found at ca. 30 Ma, ca. 280 Ma, and 400-500 Ma. Peaks in these distributions can be traced upstream up to their sources. The bulk of the geochronological signature of the Po Delta sands is displayed already upstream of the confluence of the Northern Apennines rivers, suggesting that short-term erosion rates were much lower in the Northern Apennine than in the Western and Central Alps. Age peaks typical of the eastern Lepontine dome also characterize the Apenninic tributaries, reflecting Oligo-Miocene sedimentary transfer from the Central Alps to the Adriatic foredeep, and next tectonic accretion of turbidite wedges to the Apennine belt. U-Pb analyses were complemented by zircon typology of the whole dataset, integrated by SEM observations on selected samples. Major typological groups can be traced from entry points in the Po Plain down to the Po Delta. Euhedral zircons are largely shed from the External Massifs (Mont Blanc and Argentera) and the Periadriatic plutons. Zircon grains showing signs of chemical abrasion, possibly acquired under high-grade metamorphic conditions, were detected in tributaries draining the Lepontine area.

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Chabenat, Apolline. « Alteration of camouflage and behaviour in two marine invertebrates, Sepia officinalis and Carcinus maenas, by antidepressant medication Hidden in the sand : Alteration of burying behaviour in shore crabs and cuttlefish by antidepressant exposure ». Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMLH15.

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Les juvéniles de la seiche commune, Sepia officinalis, et du crabe vert, Carcinus maenas, se développent au niveau de la zone intertidale et des eaux côtières affectées par la pollution continentale telle que les résidus pharmaceutiques. Cette recherche se concentre sur les effets de deux antidépresseurs, la fluoxétine et la venlafaxine, sur le camouflage et le comportement de la seiche et du crabe vert. Ces deux molécules sont particulièrement inquiétantes car elles sont conçues pour agir sur le système sérotoninergique et sont communément détectées dans les environnements aquatiques. Ainsi, pour se rapprocher de scénarii d’exposition réalistes, la fluoxétine a été associée ou non à la venlafaxine. Les résultats montrent des effets significatifs à des concentrations environnementalement réalistes, d’autant plus avec le mélange des deux antidépresseurs, sur des paramètres sensibles tels que le comportement d’ensablement, le changement de couleur et la coloration cryptique chez nos deux espèces, ainsi que l’activité locomotrice chez le crabe et le comportement prédateur chez la seiche. En outre, l’exposition de stades de développement précoces aux antidépresseurs semble modifier la maturation et les processus d’apprentissage chez la seiche. Enfin, ces résultats ont démontré la nécessité de mener davantage d’études avec de faibles concentrations sur les comportements clefs d’espèces non-cibles
Juveniles of the common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, and the green shore crab, Carcinus maenas, develop themselves in the intertidal zone and coastal waters impacted by continental pollution such as pharmaceutical residues. This research focused on the effects two antidepressants, the fluoxetine and the venlafaxine, on the camouflage and behaviour of cuttlefish and shore crabs. Both molecules are worrying because they are designed to act on serotonergic system and are commonly detected in aquatic environments. Thus, to approach realistic scenario of exposure fluoxetine was either combined or not with venlafaxine. The results show significant effects of antidepressants at environmentally realistic concentrations, especially the combination of fluoxetine and venlafaxine, on sensitive endpoints such as burying behaviour, colour change and background matching, locomotor activity in crabs and predatory behaviour in cuttlefish. Furthermore, the exposure to antidepressants at early development stage seems to alter maturation and/or learning processes in cuttlefish. Overall, these studies demonstrated the need to investigate further with low range concentrations on key behaviours of non-target species

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McConnachie, Lauren Bernyse. « Morphology, patterns and processes in the Oyster Bay headland bypass dunefield, South Africa ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001904.

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Studies of the dunefield systems crossing the Cape St. Francis headland in the Eastern Cape have focused on the role that wind plays in sediment transfer in coastal dunefield systems, with limited consideration of the role of water. The aim of this study was to improve understanding of the morphology, processes and patterns within the Oyster Bay HBD system, focussing particularly on surface water and groundwater interactions and the role of surface water in sediment transfer across the dunefield system. An extensive field survey was conducted, to collect related data, complimented by spatial and temporal analysis of the study area using GIS. The key findings from this research were the apparent differences between the western and eastern regions of the dunefield with regard to specific drivers and the respective processes and responses. Wind is the major driver of change up to and across the crest of the dunefield. In the eastern region water (ground water, surface water and the Sand River System) is the primary agent of sediment flux through processes of aggregation and slumping as well as episodic events including debris flows. This study has highlighted a need for further quantitative studies that investigate the movement of sediment through dunefield systems such as this (where water is at or near the land surface). The paradigm that sediment flux is entirely due to wind is almost certainly simplistic, and deeper understanding of these systems is needed
Maiden name: Elkington, Lauren

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Perez, Orpha Salatandre. « Studies on the biology of the Indo-Pacific sandy shore crab, Matuta lunaris Forskål (Brachyura : Calappidae) ». Thesis, 1985. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/1248/1/01front.pdf.

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In this study, the relative growth, feeding, reproduction, absolute growth and population structure of the Indo-Pacific sandy shore crab, Matuta lunaris(Forskal)(Brachyura: Calappidae) were investigated, using samples collected in monthly intervals from Pallarenda beach, Townsville, Australia, between April, 1984 and May, 1985. The relative growth patterns of 15 morphological characters were determined using direct plots, log regressions and relative proportions. Three functional units were recognized, namely, the carapace, the chela and the abdomen and its associated structures. There were no marked changes in the relative growth patterns of the carapace dimensions with size, sex or sexual maturity. However, there were variations in the growth patterns of the chela characters and those of the abdomen and its associated structures, i.e. the thoracic plate and the pleopods. These variations appeared to be associated with the feeding and reproduction. Those of the chela were primarily related to size during ontogeny and were discussed in relation to changes in its mechanical capabilities. Those of the abdomen, the thoracic plate and the pleopods were related to sex and sexual maturity and were discussed in relation to the differences in the specific reproductive functions of these structures. Analysis of the stomach contents using the percent occurrence and percent point methods indicated that M. lunaris is a facultative scavenger and a predator of small crustaceans and molluscs. In addition, there were marked changes in the composition of its diet during ontogeny with small individuals primarily feeding on small crustaceans such as sergestids and copepods, and large individuals primarily feeding on hermit crabs, gastropods and bivalves. The reproductive biology was investigated using gonad indices, histological analysis of the gonads and field and laboratory observations of sexually mature individuals. Reproductive activity in terms of gamete production, mating behaviour and brood incubation was continuous throughout the year with marked asynchrony between individuals and no apparent seasonality. The mating behaviour involves a prolonged precopulatory grasping between a postpuberty male and a prepuberty female, after which the female undergoes a puberty moult and copulation occurs. Ovulation and oviposition were found to occur several weeks after copulation. Adult females were found to be capable of producing more than one egg batch from a single copulatory event with each batch containing approximately 65,000 eggs. The absolute growth pattern was determined based on the analysis of moult increment data. Both sexes were found to exhibit a determinate growth pattern with the puberty moult being the terminal moult. However, marked differences in the growth strategies of the two sexes were found. Male absolute growth is characterized by constant but relatively small (24.7%) moult increments and an unknown and possibly variable number of instars, each with a wide size range. Female absolute growth is characterized by relatively large (41-85%) but variable moult increments, and at least 5 distinct instars, each with restricted size ranges. The population biology of M. lunaris in Pallarenda beach was assessed in terms of relative abundance, sex ratio, population structure and growth. M. lunaris was found to be abundant throughout the year, and although the population was dominated by large individuals (30-50 m carapace width) most size classes were consistently present. The sex ratio remained constant at 1:l. The estimated time between settlement and maturity was approximately 119 days in males and 148 days in females.

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UNGHERESE, GIUSEPPE. « Talitrus saltator (Crustacea, Amphipoda) bioindicatore della contaminazione da metalli in traccia dei litorali sabbiosi : bioaccumulo e biomarkers ». Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/587902.

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Lheknim, Vachira. « An evaluation of the relative nursery value of sandy shore surf zones and estuary mouths in tropical North Queensland, Australia ». Thesis, 1995. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/33777/1/33777-lheknim-1995-thesis.pdf.

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This study attempts to assess the relative nursery value of tropical intertidal habitats. A new definition of a nursery habitat is proposed, based on persistence, growth and survival. Based on this definition, this thesis examines the relative nursery value of two intertidal habitats based on analyses of temporal and spatial abundance patterns, feeding success and growth rates. The relative value of these parameters for determining nursery area value is also evaluated. Fishes were sampled bimonthly with seine nets (5 mm mesh) in three selected sandy shore surf zones and three estuary mouths from the summer of 1992 to the winter of 1994. The presence of the juvenile stage of 126 species in intertidal collections from both habitats indicated that these areas are potentially important habitats for young fishes. Nested ANOVAs for species richness, total abundance and total fish biomass revealed no significant differences between sandy shore surf zones and estuary mouths. However, marked seasonal differences between summer and winter assemblages were apparent, with higher total abundance and species richness in early summer which were likely to be related to recruitment episodes. Cluster analysis suggested there were relatively strong similarities between sandy shore surf zones and estuary mouths, with little similarity between seasons. Four selected species which occur at both habitats were selected for detailed analyses of abundance, biomass, feeding success and growth rate determination: Stolephorus nelsoni, Sillago analis, Leiognathus splendens and Valamugil seheli. Analysis of variance detected no significant differences in numbers of individuals or biomass of each species between sandy shore surf zones and estuary mouths. The stomach contents of S. nelsoni, S. analis and L. splendens were examined. For all species, estuary mouth fishes had a relatively high proportion of stomachs which contained food, and a greater gut fullness than fishes taken from sandy shore surf zones. It is suggested that there may be a potential for food limitation or sub-optimal feeding conditions in sandy shore surf zones. Age-length relationships for S. nelsoni, S. analis, L. splendens and V. seheli were determined by using otolith increment counts. Daily deposition was validated in S. analis, L. splendens and V. seheli and assumed for S. nelsoni. A similar age at length relationship in both estuary mouths and sandy shore surf zones was evident in all selected species. This suggests that habitat differences may not account for growth rate in these selected species. In conclusion, for the study species examined, estuary mouths have a relatively higher nursery value than sandy shore surf zones. The relative value of nursery habitats in the tropics is likely to be species and age specific. Food accessibility may influence the value of nursery areas, but alone it is a poor predictor of nursery function.

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Dyksterhuis, Patricia Lynne. « Cross-shore sediment transport on mixed sand and gravel beaches ». Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7668.

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Cross-shore (onshore-offshore) sediment transport has been studied to determine the importance of sediment permeability on the equilibrium beach slope. Quick (1991) has proposed that the permeability of the beach material effects the onshore-offshore transport by changing the stresses on the beach through the infiltration and exfiltration processes. Based on Hazen's (1911) idea that the sediment's D₁₀ value (that is, 10% of the material is finer than this value) may be used to represent its permeability, Quick developed a relationship between the wave height, the sediment D₆₀ value, the D₁₀ value and the equilibrium beach slope. Three series of experiments which used sand (D₅₀=0.59 mm) and gravel (D₅₀=5.5 mm) in varying proportions to represent a range of permeabilities. Gravel and sand beaches were exposed to wave action and the resulting beach profiles noted. Mixtures of the two sediments were then put through the same tests and their equilibrium beach profiles measured. From this data, it was found that as little as 25% (by volume) sand could cause a gravel beach to behave much like a sand beach. The beach permeability was an important factor in determining beach response to wave conditions, along with the wave height. Further experimental work is necessary in order to determine the minimal amount of sand required to shift a gravel beach's response to wave attack. The fact that so little sand is require to make the shift, caution is necessary when designing artificial beaches and in modifying existing beaches.

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Liao, Yuan-yi, et 廖元憶. « An ivestigation of sand with high content of fine grain in near shore of southwest Taiwan ». Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66707167571141891251.

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Menn, Iris [Verfasser]. « Ecological comparison of two sandy shores with different wave energy and morphodynamics in the North Sea / vorgelegt von Iris Menn ». 2002. http://d-nb.info/964411792/34.

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Davey, Jennifer. « A legislative and biophysical assessment of the regulation of off-road vehicles on South African beaches ». Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4117.

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The legislative management of Off-Road Vehicles (ORVs) on beaches has evolved over a period of time in response to a range of influences and changing circumstances within the various social, institutional, economic and biophysical systems. The impact of ORVs on beaches in South Africa is multifaceted and when viewed holistically incorporates the interaction between the biophysical, social, economic and institutional environments. This Study focuses only on the legislative and biophysical environments associated with the impact of ORVs on beaches. Sustainable coastal development draws attention to the "process" character of sustainable development that needs to be worked towards over time in an iterative manner. It highlights the need to take into account the current reality of prevailing circumstances, the uncertainty of the future, limited understanding of coastal ecosystems and communities, and the complex interactions between and within the human and non human components of the environment. An understanding of the ecological integrity and effective governance dimensions (being the focus of Study), although only two of the five dimensions of sustainable coastal development, contributes towards an understanding of the sustainability of the impact of ORVs on beaches within the South African context. The legislative environment is investigated from the management perspective of the national Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism. This Study determines whether effective governance is being achieved through the ongoing management of the impact of ORVs on South African beaches. The institutional management at a national level has resulted in the conditional banning of ORVs from beaches, which has resulted in promoting the ecological integrity of beaches, therefore contributing towards sustainable coastal development. The physical system is investigated where appropriate in terms of the biophysical parameters within which ORVs are managed on beaches within the inter-tidal zone as per the ORV General Policy (1994). In order to understand the biophysical system within which ORVs are managed, the existing literature and research concerning the impact of ORVs on beaches is reviewed, including existing literature on beach geomorphology and beach biota. A Case Study Area was selected for an experimental investigation to determine the biophysical impact of ORVs on sandy beaches. The experiment was conducted at Leven Point, north of Cape Vidal situated on the KwaZulu-Natal north coast within the St Lucia Marine Reserve. The ORV General Policy (1994) has been superseded by the ORV Regulations (2001), which do not however, specify the biophysical delineation of the management of ORVs on beaches. This Study has included recommendations applicable to the management of ORVs on beaches in South Africa in terms of the ORV Regulations (2001). These recommendations advocate the conservation of the dynamic biophysical environment of the inter-tidal zone on beaches, and the need to take a sustainable coastal development approach to applications for Recreational Use Areas (RUAs) in terms of the ORV Regulations (dated 21 December 2001).
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

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James, Barry Mark. « Vegetation succession and soil properties following the removal of pine plantations on the eastern shores of Lake St Lucia, South Africa ». Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10302.

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Pine plantations have been established on secondary grassland on the dune systems of the Eastern Shores of Lake St Lucia, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa for the past 40 years. These plantations have been progressively felled for the past six years, and will continue to be felled until the year 2011, by which time they will be eliminated. Space-for-time substitution was used to determine the direction of both woody and herbaceous vegetation succession and to predict possible future management implications for the Eastern Shores. Soil samples were taken from undisturbed grassland, grassland with trees, dune forest, pine plantations, and clearfelled areas at various successional stages. To determine the effects of the pine plantations on the soils of the area, soils were subjected to particle size analysis, and determination of pH, organic carbon, phosphorus, exchangeable bases, iron and aluminium. Minimal modification of the sandy soils by the pine plantations was found to have occurred. That which did occur was shown to be short-term, and to be ameliorated by the establishment of an indigenous woody understorey, resembling pioneer dune forest. Soil under plantations was shown to have a lower pH and cation exchange capacity than under opposite indigenous vegetation but no other direct effects were observed. The direction of succession was determined by the nature of the indigenous vegetation adjacent to the plantation. Pine plantations were shown to facilitate succession towards dune forest by the exclusion of fire, provision of perches and refugia for forest-dwelling animals, and creation of a forest environment for the establishment of trees. However, the extent of re-establishment of indigenous dune forest under pine plantations was shown to be directly related to the nature of the adjacent indigenous vegetation, be it grassland, grassland with trees or dune forest.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1998.

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