Articles de revues sur le sujet « Sanders, Bernard »

El libro fue publicado originalmente en inglés, en el verano de 2015, por la editorial Chelsea Green Publishing -White River Junction, Vermont-: “The Essential Bernie Sanders and His Vision for America”. Ricardo García Pérez tradujo el libro un año después, para Capitán Swing Libros -Madrid, España-. El cuerpo del texto se compone de ciento ochenta y ocho páginas y veinte capítulos; en la parte final se recoge una breve biografía de Bernard -“Bernie”- Sanders y los agradecimientos. En la introducción y el prefacio el autor plantea algunas reflexiones sobre los contextos políticos en el que irrumpe el mensaje del senador Sanders y adelanta cuales serán los principales temas de la presente edición. En estas primeras páginas, se puede vislumbrar que Sanders siempre tuvo una actividad a contra corriente, que ha roto los estándares del ejercicio de la representación política y que su retórica siempre ha prorrumpido en los espacios institucionales de forma original y alejada de las convenciones establecidas en cada fase político-electoral.

William Rutherford Sanders spent a childhood and early student days divided between Edinburgh and Montpelier, France before graduating in Medicine in Edinburgh. An early interest in the spleen was encouraged by a two-year period in Europe where he became familiar with the work of Helmholtz, Bernard and Henle. Returning to Edinburgh, his growing experience led to the position of assistant in the Infirmary pathology department. He conducted classes in the University of Edinburgh and on behalf of the Royal Colleges became familiar with the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons where he was chosen as Conservator in 1853. Criticised by 20th century historians for concentrating on verbal teaching rather than on the conservation of the museum, Sanders became a consultant physician to the Royal Infirmary in 1861 and in 1869 Professor of General Pathology. Throughout these years, Sanders gave as much time as possible to the study of the structure and function of the spleen and to neurological disorders such as hemiplegia. His later life was interrupted by a series of illnesses commencing with an abdominal abscess. A prolonged convalescence allowed the resumption of work but deranged vision and hemiplegia preceded his death on 18 February 1881.

Populism is a fairly young concept. It does not have a single definition, neither does it have a single ideology. Populists can operate in a wide spectrum — from the extreme left to the extreme right. They gain popularity by focusing on issues important to large groups of the population that are avoided by the political elite. In Europe it is immigration issue, in the USA it is the loss of jobs in industry; in Ukraine it is low income, unequal opportunities, unfair distribution of wealth, and corruption. Recently, there has been growing support for populist parties and politicians. Populists, in particular, support traditional social values, nationalism, and oppose immigration. Populists can influence politics, for example, the populist United Kingdom Independence Party initiated a referendum in June 2016 on the UK's membership in the European Union, which resulted in the victory of the supporters of Brexit - the exit of the UK. As Professor Inglehart notes, populism is spreading as a response to the transformation of values, populism expresses a "rollback" from post-materialist values. Populist politicians are unsuccessfully trying to find a solution to the new challenges that have arisen as a result of globalization and the formation of an artificial intelligence society. Thus, Donald Trump's proposals are predominantly xenophobic and authoritarian in nature. Another American politician, Bernard Sanders, notes the solution to the acute problem of economic inequality, but the reforms he proposes are ineffective. In this article, the author try to understand what this phenomenon is, what forms and drivers it has, and most importantly, how populism is measured in Europe and what examples of measurement there are in Ukraine. The results of a study in Ukraine presented in the article make it possible to identify trends of populism growth and find ways to oppose it.

Biological reactors are employed in industrial applications to break down organic waste from a range of sources into components that may be used in other applications. Such reactors may involve complex processes and many components linked by complicated interrelations. These reactions are represented mathematically as nonlinear initial value problems that must be solved numerically. Even smaller systems, more amenable to analytical analysis, require numerical solution methods due to their nonlinearity. We study a simple reactor with only two interacting components—a bacteria consuming a substrate (waste), represented by a \(2\times 2\) autonomous nonlinear initial value problem not solvable analytically. We describe a process to convert this problem to an approximating linear one that can be solved exactly to provide a closed form approximate representation of the evolving system. We assess the results of this approach and show they often agree favourably with numerical computations of the original nonlinear problem, although not always. References J. E. Bailey and D. F. Ollis. Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1966. D. J. Batstone, J. Keller, I. Angelidaki, S. V. Kalyuzhny, S. G. Pavlostathis, A. Rozzi, W. T. M. Sanders, H. Siegrist, and V. A. Vavilin. The IWA anaerobic digestion model No 1 (ADM1). Water Sci. Tech., 45(10):65–73, 2002. doi:10.2166/wst.2002.0292. D. T. Hill. Simplified Monod kinetics of methane fermentation of animal wastes. Agri. Wastes, 5(1):1–16, 1983. doi:10.1016/0141-4607(83)90009-4. J. Monod. The growth of bacterial cultures. Ann. Rev. Microbio., 3(1):371–394, 1949. doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.03.100149.002103. F. E. Mosey. Mathematical modelling of the anaerobic digestion process: Regulatory mechanisms for the formation of short-chain volatile acids from glucose. Water Sci. Tech., 15(8–9):209–232, 1983. doi:10.2166/wst.1983.0168. J. Rodriguez, E. Roca, J. M. Lema, and O. Bernard. Determination of the adequate minimum model complexity required in anaerobic bioprocesses using experimental data. Chem. Tech. Biotech., 83(12):1694–1702, 2008. doi:10.1002/jctb.1990. H. L. Smith and P. Waltman. The Theory of the Chemostat: Dynamics of Microbial Competition. Cambridge University Press, 1995. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511530043.

John Kendrew was born in Oxford, where he spent his childhood years. His father, Wilfred Kendrew, was Dean of the St Catherine's Society and was a geographer and reader in climatology at Oxford University. His mother, Evelyn Sandberg, came from a Hereford parsonage. John's parents separated when he was four years old, his mother moving to Italy and finally to Florence, where she became an art historian working with Bernard Berenson in the Uffizi. She was an authority on Italian primitives and published under the nom de guerre Evelyn Sandberg Vavalà. John remained with his father in Oxford and attended the Dragon School. He re–established contact with his mother a few times during his early years and her influence on him remained strong throughout his life. Although he had the attention and affection of his paternal grandmother and two doting maiden aunts, his childhood was rather lonely. One of his aunts noticed that the child was much in need of spectacles. John's pebble glasses were to shield him from enquiring eyes until late in life when a cataract operation rendered them less necessary. His aunts introduced him to photography, which remained a lifelong interest.

-Leonard Y. Andaya, Michel Jacq-Hergoualc'h, The Malay Peninsula; Crossroads of the maritime silk road (100 BC-1300 AD). [Translated by Victoria Hobson.] Leiden: Brill, 2002, xxxv + 607 pp. [Handbook of oriental studies, 13. -Greg Bankoff, Resil B. Mojares, The war against the Americans; Resistance and collaboration in Cebu 1899-1906. Quezon city: Ateneo de Manila University, 1999, 250 pp. -R.H. Barnes, Andrea Katalin Molnar, Grandchildren of the Ga'e ancestors; Social organization and cosmology among the Hoga Sara of Flores. Leiden: KITLV Press, 2000, xii + 306 pp. [Verhandeling 185.] -Peter Boomgaard, Emmanuel Vigneron, Le territoire et la santé; La transition sanitaire en Polynésie francaise. Paris: CNRS Éditions, 1999, 281 pp. [Espaces et milieux.] -Clara Brakel-Papenhuyzen, Raechelle Rubinstein, Beyond the realm of the senses; The Balinese ritual of kekawin composition. Leiden: KITLV Press, 2000, xv + 293 pp. [Verhandelingen 181.] -Ian Caldwell, O.W. 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<p class="Normal1"><em>Abstrak</em> - <strong>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk </strong><strong>mengetahui bagaimana </strong><strong>penggambaran </strong><strong>perempuan setelah ditetapkannya Hari Perempuan Internasional </strong><strong>(<em>Weltfrauentag) </em></strong><strong>dalam </strong><strong>dua</strong><strong> ilustrasi online yang dimuat pada dua portal ilustrasi online di Jerman, yaitu <em>toonpool.de </em>dan<em> </em></strong><strong><em>ce-</em></strong><strong><em>comico</em></strong><strong><em>.</em></strong><strong><em>de</em></strong><strong><em>.</em></strong><strong> Metode penelitian yang </strong><strong>di</strong><strong>gunakan berupa metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka. </strong><strong>Analisis ini menggunakan teori analisis wacana kritis model Sara Mills dan model teori segitiga semantik Charles Sanders Peirce.</strong><strong> </strong><strong>Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa </strong><strong>penggambaran perempuan dalam </strong><strong>media baru berupa ilustrasi online</strong><strong> menghadirkan diskusi terbuka mengenai pelekatan unsur domestik yang kuat pada perempuan. Diskusi ini dihadirkan oleh dua ilustrasi ini dengan cara berbeda. Ilustrasi pertama bernada positif, sedangkan yang kedua bernada pesimis. Ilustrasi pertama menggambarkan pelekatan unsur domestik melalui permainan kata oleh pemuka agama yang kemudian dipatahkan dengan penggunaan warna cerah dan simbol gambar yang mendukung kemajuan perempuan. Sementara itu, ilustrasi kedua menggunakan penggambaran relasi kuasa pada pimpinan laki-laki dan bawahan perempuannya. Kesadaran akan adanya hari perempuan dunia yang diucapkan pimpinan laki laki hanya mengacu pada kemampuan perempuan dalam mengerjakan pekerjaan domestik. Warna gelap dan simbol ada dalam gambar juga menyiratkan rasa pesimis yang diusung ilustrasi tersebut.</strong></p><p class="Normal1"><em>Abstract<strong> </strong>- </em><strong>The purpose of this research was to find out how the portrayal of women (concerning international women's day/Weltfrauentag) depicted in two German online illustrations. This research methodology is a qualitative method that is written by descriptive analysis with the approach of the study of literature. This research used Sara Mills's critical discourse analysis and semantic triangle theory by Charles Sanders Peirce. The research found that the portrayal of women in the new media (in the form of illustrated online) open the discussion on the domestication of woman. This discussion is presented differently in the two illustrations: while the first shows hope and positive attitude, the latter is seen pessimistic. The first illustration depicts the domestication of a woman using the word-play by two monks that are denied by using bright color and symbol of woman empowerment. The second illustration describes the power-relation between a male director and a woman employee. The male director argues the "International Woman Day" by referring only to woman domestic skills. The dark color and symbols support pessimistic attitude in the illustration.</strong></p><p class="Normal1"><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong> – <em>International Woman’s Day, Domestication of Woman, online illustration, Weltfrauentag.</em></p>

Max Steiner met Robert Wise, future director of West Side Story (1961) and The Sound of Music (1965), at RKO in the early 1930s. While Steiner served as composer and music director for films like Of Human Bondage (1934), The Gay Divorcee (1934), The Informer (1935), and Top Hat (1935), Wise helped manage the soundtrack as an assistant sound and music editor. After Steiner left RKO in early 1936, Wise stayed on at the studio to advance through the ranks of film editor and director before reuniting with Steiner at Warner Bros. for the melodrama So Big (1953) and sword-and-sandals epic Helen of Troy (1956). Drawing on original archival research, this article reconstructs a partnership that briefly flourished at different stages of their careers. At RKO, Wise learned the trade while observing Steiner’s ground-breaking efforts as a composer. By the 1950s Wise was rapidly growing in renown as a director, as signaled by his assignment to the generously budgeted Helen of Troy. In contrast, Steiner faced pay cuts and the termination of his contract at Warner Bros. Steiner’s two productions with Wise boosted Steiner’s lagging career while also illuminating the ways in which shifting aesthetics and production practices in Hollywood had left Steiner at a disadvantage. Whereas So Big represented a throwback to films like Cimarron, which Steiner had scored at RKO in 1931 (both based on Edna Ferber novels), Helen of Troy marked a new emphasis on visual and aural spectacle, with an epic narrative told through CinemaScope, stereophonic sound, and a cast of thousands. Writings on director-composer partnerships tend to emphasize the formation of a distinctive sonic style, in the manner of Alfred Hitchcock and Bernard Herrmann. Steiner and Wise, in contrast, were consummate studio employees, eager to serve productions that ranged widely in topic, genre, and budget. Studying their brief partnership in the 1950s reveals how two individuals well versed in the workings of the Hollywood studio system managed to help each other navigate its dismantling in the 1950s.

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent, non-cutaneous, cancer in men in the Western world. Disease confined to the prostate can be cured, but metastatic disease cannot. PCa metastases are found in bone, lymph-nodes, liver and other visceral organs (visceral), in decreasing order of frequency. After an initial response to androgen receptor directed therapy, metastatic disease will inevitably recur as metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), which is hallmarked by high morbidity and mortality. Since it is previously established, that the site of metastasis correlates with prostate cancer survival, we need a better understanding of metastatic organotropism. Therefore, we took advantage of the largest Whole Genome Sequencing (HiSeq X Ten system using the paired-end sequencing protocol) data set of mCRPC metastases to date. Molecular profiling of 326 metastases (Bone: 105, Lymph-node: 149, Liver: 49, Visceral: 23) revealed genetic determinants associated with organ-specific metastasis. First, we assessed differential occurrence of mutations in genes associated with targetable pathways. RB1 alteration were enriched in liver (35%) and in visceral metastases (30%), while lower rates were found in bone (10%) and lymph-nodes (13%)(Fisher exact test, p: 0.012). Analysis of aggregated pathway alteration data revealed a trend for increased frequency of alterations in the DNA repair and PI3K pathways in lymph node vs. bone metastases (p: 0.066 and 0.066, respectively). Next, we explored differential tumor mutational burden (TMB) between the sites. A higher TMB was observed in liver and visceral metastases compared to bone and lymph node metastases, while there was no difference between liver and visceral. The increased TMB in liver and visceral samples was associated with an MMR-deficiency mutational signature. Alterations in MSH6, MLH1 and POLD3 characterized a significant proportion of high TMB liver metastases, whereas high TMB visceral metastases predominantly showed MSH2 and POLD1 alterations.In conclusion: Our findings implicate high TMB/MMR-deficiency is a characteristic feature of liver and visceral PCa metastases, potentially impacting disease progression. Moreover, since response to immune check-point inhibitors is associated with high TMB, our findings might direct choice of therapy. Citation Format: Daniel Vis, Sander Palit, Marie Corradi, Martijn Lolkema, Niven Mehra, Edwin Cuppen, Lodewyk FA Wessels, Rene Bernards, Wilbert Zwart, Michiel S. van der Heijden, Andries M. Bergman. MMR-deficiency is the most prominent genetic feature of prostate cancer metastases organotropism [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 972.

Introdução: O manejo no atendimento odontológico infantil torna-se fatigante quando não há cooperação por parte da criança e/ou dos responsáveis. A fim de minimizar esses quadros, quando não existe sucesso das técnicas de abordagem comportamental tradicionais, métodos terapêuticos alternativos têm sido amplamente estudados, em especial a sedação consciente com óxido nitroso associada ou não a fármacos sedativos. Objetivo: Dessa forma, objetivou-se realizar uma revisão crítica da literatura norteando o cirurgião-dentista sobre o uso do óxido nitroso e sua associação a fármacos, esclarecendo suas indicações, vantagens e desvantagens. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca integrativa da literatura nacional e internacional, entre 2004 a 2019, nas bases Bireme e PubMed, utilizando os descritores: sedação consciente, ansiedade no tratamento odontológico e óxido nitroso. Resultados: No total, 43 artigos foram incluídos nesse estudo. O óxido nitroso tem sido bastante utilizado na odontologia, especialmente na odontopediatria. Este atua no sistema nervoso, promovendo uma leve depressão do córtex cerebral e não deprime o centro respiratório, sendo considerado seguro. A técnica pode ser combinada a outros fármacos, como Midazolam e Prometazina, sendo que cada abordagem medicamentosa apresenta suas indicações e vantagens específicas. Conclusão: A sedação consciente mostra-se como um método viável, e quando bem indicada é considerada segura. Seu papel na Odontologia vem sendo consolidado com o tempo, em decorrência dos inúmeros benefícios encontrados. No entanto, ainda existe certa resistência na utilização da mesma, tanto por parte dos responsáveis como também de alguns profissionais. Descritores: Sedação Consciente; Ansiedade ao Tratamento Odontológico; Óxido Nitroso. Referências Jain S. Sedation: A Primerfor Pediatricians. Pediatr Ann. 2018;47(6):254-58. Ashley PF, Chaudhary M, Lourenço-Matharu L. Sedation of children undergoing dental treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2018;12:1-152 Mozafar S, Bargrizan M, Golpayegani MV, Shayeghi S, Ahmadi R . Comparison of nitrous oxide/midazolam and nitrous oxide/promethazine for pediatric dental sedation: A randomized, cross-over, clinical trial. Use of nitrous oxide for pediatric patients. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2018;15(6):411-19. Johnson C, Weber-Gasparoni K, Slayton RL, Qian F. Conscious sedation attitudes and perceptions: a survey of american academy of pediatric dentistry members. Pediatr Dent. 2012;34(2):132-37. Hand D, Averley P, Lyne J, Girdler N. Advanced paediatric conscious sedation: an alternative to dental general anaesthetic in the U.K. SAAD Dig. 201;27:24-9. Holroyd I. Conscious sedation in pediatric dentistry. A short review of the current UK guidelines and the technique of inhalational sedation with nitrous oxide. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008;18(1):13-7. Naudi AB, Campbell C, Holt J, Hosey MT. An inhalation sedation patient profile at a specialist paediatric dentistry unit: a retrospective survey. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2006;7(2):106-9, Blumer S, Iraqui R, Bercovich R, Peretz B. Oxygen saturation and pulserate change in children during sedation with oral midazolam and nitrous oxide. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2018;42(6):461-64. Choi SC, Yang Y, Yoo S, Kim J, Jeong T, Shin TJ. Decelopment of a web-based nationwide Korean pediatric dental sedation registry. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2017;41(6):478-81. Wilson S, Houpt M . Project USAP 2010: use of sedative agents in pediatric dentistry- a 25- yar follow up survey. J Pediatr Dent.2016;38(2):127-33. Wilson S, Gosnell ES. Survey of American academy of pediatric dentistry on nitrous oxide and sedation: 20 years later. J Pediatr Dent. 2016;38(5):385-92. White J, Wells M, Arheart KL, Donaldson M, Woods MA. A questionnaire of parental perceptions of conscious sedation in pediatric dentistry. J Pediatr. Dent. 2016;38(2):116-21. Nelson TM, Xu Z. 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Hariharan S, Hosey MT, Bernabe E . Comparing the profile of child patients attending dental general anaesthesia and conscioussedation services. Br Dent J. 2017;222(9):683-87. Miranda-Remijo D, Orsini MR, Corrêa-Faria P, Costa LR. Mother-child interactions and young child behavior during procedural conscious sedation. BMC Pediatr. 2016;16(1):201. Morin A, Ocanto R, Drukteinis L, Hardigan PC . Survey of Current Clinical and Curriculum Practices of Postgraduate Pediatric Dentistry Programs in Nonintravenous Conscious Sedation in the United States. J Pediatr Dent. 2016;38(5):398-405. Woolley SM, Hingston EJ, Shah J, Chadwick BL. Paediatric conscious sedation: views and experience of specialists in paediatric dentistry. Br Dent J. 2009;207(6):280-81. Hosey MT, Makin A, Jones RM, Gilchrist F, Carruthers M. Propofol intravenous conscious sedation for anxius children in a specialist pediatric dentistry unit. 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Muller TM, Alessandretti R, Bacchi A, Tretto PHW. Eficácia e segurança da sedação consciente com óxido nitroso no tratamento pediátrico odontológico: uma revisão de estudos clínicos. J Oral Invest. 2018;7(1):88-111. Woolley SM, Hingston EJ, Shah J, Chadwick BL. Paediatric conscious sedation: views and experience of specialists in paediatric dentistry. Br Dent J. 2009;207(6):280-81. Kotz S. Withdrawal symptoms in long-term conscious sedation exposure of pediatric intensive care patients. Kinderkrankenschwester. 2012;31(8):330-32. Fuhrer CT 3rd, Weddell JA, Sanders BJ, Jones JE, Dean JA, Tomlin A.Effect on behavior of dental treatment rendered under conscious sedation and general anesthesia in pediatric patients. J Pediatr Dent. 2009;31(7):492-97. Holroyd I. Conscious sedation in pediatric dentistry. A short review of the current UK guidelines and the technique of inhalational sedation with nitrous oxide. Paediatr Anaesth. 2008;18(1):13-7. 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GEORGE PERKINS MARSH: Prophet of Conservation. By David LowenthalFROM WEST TO EAST: California and the Making of the American Mind. By Stephen SchwartzGEOGRAPHY AND WORLDVIEW: A Christian Reconnaissance. By Henk Aay and Sander GriffioenTHE LEGEND OF THE GOLDEN BOAT: Regulation, Trade and Traders in the Borderlands of Laos, Thailand, China and Burma. By Andrew WalkerSHADY PRACTICES: Agroforestry and Gender Politics in The Gambia. By Richard A. SchroederTHE WORKS: The Industrial Architecture of the United States. By Betsy Hunter BradleyBETWEEN MONTMARTRE AND THE MUDD CLUB: Popular Music and the Avant‐Garde. By Bernard Gendron

Aliane Krassmann - PGIE/UFRGSAna Carolina B de Marchi - UPFAna Marli Bulegon - UNIFRAAndreia Rosangela Kessler Muhlbeier - PPGI/UFSMCícero Costa Quarto - Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA)Christian Brackmann - Instituto Federal FarroupilhaElisa Boff - UCSEliseo Reategui - FACED/PGIE - UFRGSErico Amaral - UNIPAMPAFabiana Sgobbi - UFRGSFabrício Herpich - PGIE/UFRGSFelipe Becker Nunes - PGIE/UFRGSGiliane Bernardi - UFSMGilse Antoninha Morgental Falkembach - UFSM/CINTEDGleizer Voss - Instituto Federal FarroupilhaHeli Meurer - UNIRITTERJanete Sander Costa - ULBRAKetia Kellen da Silva - UFRGSLeandro R Tibola - URILiane Margarida Rockenbach Tarouco - CINTED/FACED/PGIE - UFRGSMarcelo Augusto Rauh Schmitt - Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do SulMarcelo Foohs - FACED /UFRGSMarcia Notare - Instituto de Matemática/UFRGSMarcus Vinícius de Azevedo Basso - Instituto de Matemática/UFRGSMarlise Geller - ULBRA Marta Bez - FEEVALEOtavio Costa - UFRGSPatrícia Campelo Costa Barcellos - UFRGSQuerte Mehlecke - FACCAT/RSRamon Rosa Maia Vieira Junior - PPGIE/UFRGSRenato Dutra - Universidade Anhembi MorumbiRicardo Azambuja Silveira - INF/UFSCRoberto dos Santos Rabello – UPFRodrigo Silva - UFRGSRodrigo Machado - UFRGSRodrigo de Oliveira Soares - UFRGSRoseclea Medina - UFSMValéria Machado da Costa – FiocruzValter Ferreira - UFRGSVinicius Hartmann Ferreira - UFRGS Coordenação :Liane Margarida Rockenbach Tarouco - CINTED/UFRGSEliseo Reategui - PGIE/UFRGS

Aliane Krassmann - PGIE/UFRGSAna Carolina B de Marchi - UPFAna Marli Bulegon - UNIFRAAndreia Rosangela Kessler Muhlbeier - PPGI/UFSMBarbara Gorziza Avila - UFRGSCarlos Tadeu Queiroz de Morais - PGIE - UFRGSCícero Costa Quarto - Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA)Christian Brackmann - Instituto Federal FarroupilhaElisa Boff - UCSEliseo Reategui - FACED/PGIE - UFRGSErico Amaral - UNIPAMPAEvandro Alves - CINTED/UFRGSFabiana Sgobbi - UFRGSFabrício Herpich - PGIE/UFRGSFelipe Becker Nunes - PGIE/UFRGSGiliane Bernardi - UFSMGilse Antoninha Morgental Falkembach - UFSM/CINTEDGleizer Voss - Instituto Federal FarroupilhaHeli Meurer - UNIRITTERJanete Sander Costa - ULBRAJoão Luis Tavares da Silva Joice Otsuka - UFSCARKetia Kellen da Silva - UFRGSLeandro R Tibola - URILiane Margarida Rockenbach Tarouco - CINTED/FACED/PGIE - UFRGSMarcelo Augusto Rauh Schmitt - Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do SulMarcelo Foohs - FACED /UFRGSMarcia Notare - Instituto de Matemática/UFRGSMarcus Vinícius de Azevedo Basso - Instituto de Matemática/UFRGSMarlise Geller - ULBRA Marta Bez - FEEVALEOtavio Costa - UFRGSPatrícia Alejandra Behar - FACED/PGIE - UFRGSPatrícia Campelo Costa Barcellos - UFRGSQuerte Mehlecke - FACCAT/RSRafael Marimon Boucinha - CEEERamon Rosa Maia Vieira Junior - PPGIE/UFRGSRenato Dutra - Universidade Anhembi MorumbiRicardo Azambuja Silveira - INF/UFSCRoberto dos Santos Rabello – UPFRodrigo Silva - UFRGSRodrigo Machado - UFRGSRodrigo de Oliveira Soares - UFRGSRoseclea Medina - UFSMSilvia Meirelles Leite - UFPELValéria Costa – PGIE/UFRGSValter Ferreira - UFRGSVinicius Hartmann Ferreira - UFRGS Coordenação :Liane Margarida Rockenbach Tarouco - CINTED/UFRGSEliseo Reategui - PGIE/UFRGS

Political issues, in general, focus on the content of political actors’ communication and most often describe either the main issue or several issues that are in the focus of a political actor’s statement or any other relevant text (e.g., press release, news article, tweet, etc.). The basic premise of analyzing political issues in the self-presentation of political actors is that one major goal of political actors’ communication is to place specific issues on the political agenda (Strömbäck & Esser, 2017). Political issues are most often coded based on a list of pre-defined issues that refer to different policies and sometimes also to polity or politics. The scope and detail of the individual issues depend on the purpose and the focus of the analysis. Field of application/theoretical foundation: Apart from being a common descriptive and control variable, the coding of issues in political actors’ communication can serve as the basis for more complex variables or concepts such as agenda building or issue ownership. Agenda building, at large, refers to the process of how media content is shaped by societal forces (Lang & Lang, 1981). With regard to analyses of politicians’ self-presentation, most work focuses on the processes of communication by which political actors aim to obtain media coverage for their issues (Norris et al., 1999; Seethaler & Melischek, 2019). Analyses on agenda building usually compare issue agendas between at least two different forms of communication, e.g., between channels where political actors have high control (such as press releases, party manifestos, social media messages) and journalistic outlets where political actors have less control (e.g., Harder et al., 2017; Kiousis et al., 2006; Seethaler & Melischek, 2019). Content analyses on agenda building usually start by, first, identifying relevant issue fields and categories (inductively or deductively). Second, the dominant political issues in political actors’ communication and/or other forms of communication (e.g., news articles) are coded according to predefined lists. Third, the occurrence of specific issues or issue agendas are compared between the different forms of communication, often over time (see, e.g., Seethaler & Melischek, 2019). Issue ownership, in broad terms, means that some parties are considered by the public in general as being more adept to deal with, or more attentive to, certain issues (Lachat, 2014; Petrocik, 1996; Walgrave et al., 2015). Traditionally, issue ownership has been analyzed from a demand-side perspective, based on surveys, as the connection between issues and parties in voters’ minds. Definitions of issue ownership usually comprise at least two dimensions: competence issue ownership (parties’ perceived capacity to competently handle or solve a certain issue) and associative issue ownership (the spontaneous link between some parties and some issues) (Walgrave et al., 2015). Content analyses build on these definitions to investigate to what extent political actors focus on issues that they (respectively their parties) own and what factors may explain the (non-)reliance on owned issues (e.g., Dalmus et al., 2017; Peeters et al., 2019). Other content analyses use issue ownership as an independent variable, for example, to explain user reactions to parties’ social media messages (e.g., Staender et al., 2019). Content analyses on issue ownership usually start by, first, identifying relevant issue fields and categories (inductively or deductively). Second, the dominant political issues in political actors’ communication are coded according to predefined lists. Third, political actors are assigned issue ownership for specific issues based on theoretical considerations, existing literature, and/or survey data. Fourth, an index for owned issues is calculated at the statement or text level based on the coded issues and the predefined ownership for specific issues. References/combination with other methods of data collection: Political issues can be analyzed using both manual and automated content analysis (e.g. topic modeling or dictionary approach). Analyses use both inductive or deductive approaches and/or a combination of both to identify issue categories and extend or amend previous lists of political issues. Example studies: Dalmus et al. (2019), Peeters et al. (2019); Seethaler & Melischek (2019) Table 1: Summary of a selection of studies on agenda building and/or issue ownership Author(s) Sample Unit of Analysis Values Reliability Seethaler & Melischek (2019) Content type: parties’ news releases and tweets, media reports Country: Austria Political actors: all parliamentary parties (ÖVP, SPÖ, FPÖ, Grüne, NEOS, Liste Pilz) Outlets: all party news releases, parties’ and top candidates’ twitter accounts, five legacy media outlets Sampling period: 6 weeks before the national election day in 2017 (4 September 2017–14 October 2017) Sample size: 1,009 news releases, 9,088 tweets, 2,422 news stories Unit of analysis: individual news releases, tweets, and news stories Level of analysis: issue agendas Dominant issue: 13 issue areas based on the Comparative Agendas Project: civil rights, government operations, law and crime, international affairs and defence, European integration, macroeconomics, domestic commerce, transportation and technology, environment and agriculture, education, labour, social welfare and housing, health Cohen’s Kappa between .91 and .95 Harder, Sevenans, & Van Aelst (2017) Content type: newspaper, television, radio, news website, and Twitter items featuring a political topic, a domestic political actor, or an election-specific term Country: Belgium (Political) actors: tweets by 678 professional journalists, 44 accounts affiliated with legacy media organizations, 467 politicians, 19 civil society organizations, 109 “influentials” Outlets: 5 print newspapers, 3 news websites, 2 daily television newscasts, 6 daily radio newscasts, current affairs tv programs, and election-specific tv shows Sampling period: Belgian 2014 election campaign (1 May to 24 May 2014) Sample size: n = 9,935 Unit of analysis: news items and tweets Level of analysis: news items (n = 5,260) / news stories (n = 414) Issues (up to three issues per item): list of 28 broad issues based on the Comparative Agendas Project Categorization of news stories: inductive coding of individual time- and place-specific events based on news items from traditional news outlets. Non-news items and tweets were then assigned to the already-identified news stories Krippendorff’s alpha = .70 Krippendorff’s alpha = .76 (for assigning news story to tweet) Dalmus, Hänggli, Bernhard (2019) Content type: party manifestos, party press releases, and newspaper coverage Countries: CH, DE, FR, UK Political actors: parties Outlets: 1 quality newspaper and 1 tabloid per country, all party press releases and manifestos Sampling period: election campaigns between 2010 and 2013 (8 weeks prior to the respective election days) Sample size: 4,191 Unit of analysis: Actor statements on issues concerning national politics and containing either an explicitly mentioned position or interpretation/ elaboration on the issue Level of analysis: text level Main issue: Economy, Welfare, Budget, Freedom and Rights, Europe/ Globalization, Education, Immigration, Army, Security, Ecology, Institutional Reforms, Infrastructure, Elections and Events (each of these top-issue categories is made up of several more detailed sub-issues leading to a total of 127 issue options) Issue emphasis: percentage of statements devoted to a certain issue Issue ownership: issue fully belongs to one party (1), issue belongs to center-left / center-right parties (0.5), issue is unowned (0) (based on Seeberg, 2016; Tresch et al., 2017, for more details see the paper) Cohen’s Kappa ?.3 for sub-issues; Cohen’s Kappa ?.5 for top-issues Peeters, Van Aelst, & Praet (2019) Content type: politicians’ tweets, online media coverage, and parliamentary documents Country: Belgium (Flemish part) Political actors: 144 MPs from the 6 parties represented in the Flemish and federal parliament Outlets: 13 Flemish news outlets Sampling period: 1 January to 1 September, 2018 Sample size: n = 51,691 tweets, n = 8,857 articles, n = 12,638 parliamentary documents Unit of analysis: text level Level of analysis: issue agendas Index for issue concentration: Herfindahl index (to assess how diverse/ concentrated the individual issue agendas are across platforms) Issues: automated coding of 20 issue topics using the Dutch dictionary based on the Comparative Agendas Project Issue ownership: operationalization based on survey data; relative party ownership scores for each politician were assigned based on the percentage of respondents that linked a certain party with the topic NA (A manual check on 200 randomly selected documents shows that a little over 70% of the automated non-codings were in fact non-classifiable documents. For the other 30%, the dictionary was not able to properly classify the documents.) References Dalmus, C., Hänggli, R., & Bernhard, L. (2017). The charm of salient issues? Parties’ strategic behavior in press releases. In P. van Aelst & S. Walgrave (Eds.), How Political Actors Use the Media: A Functional Analysis of the Media’s Role in Politics (pp. 187–205). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60249-3_10 Harder, R. A., Sevenans, J., & van Aelst, P. (2017). Intermedia Agenda Setting in the Social Media Age: How Traditional Players Dominate the News Agenda in Election Times. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 22(3), 275–293. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161217704969 Kiousis, S., Mitrook, M., Wu, X., & Seltzer, T. (2006). First- and Second-Level Agenda-Building and Agenda-Setting Effects: Exploring the Linkages Among Candidate News Releases, Media Coverage, and Public Opinion During the 2002 Florida Gubernatorial Election. Journal of Public Relations Research, 18(3), 265–285. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532754xjprr1803_4 Lachat, R. (2014). Issue ownership and the vote: the effects of associative and competence ownership on issue voting. Swiss Political Science Review, 20(4), 727–740. https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12121 Lang, G.E., & Lang, K. (1981). Watergate: An exploration of the agenda-building process. In: Wilhoit, G.C., & De Bock, H. (Eds.). Mass Communication Review Yearbook. SAGE, pp. 447–468. Norris, P., Curtice, J., Sanders, D., et al. (1999). On Message: Communicating the Campaign. SAGE. Peeters, J., van Aelst, P., & Praet, S. (2019). Party ownership or individual specialization? A comparison of politicians’ individual issue attention across three different agendas. Party Politics, 55(4), 135406881988163. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068819881639 Petrocik, J.R. (1996). Issue ownership in presidential elections, with a 1980 case study. American Journal of Political Science, 40(3), 825–850. Seeberg, H. B. (2017). How stable is political parties’ issue ownership? A cross-time, cross-national analysis. Political Studies, 65(2), 475–492. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321716650224 Seethaler, J., & Melischek, G. (2019). Twitter as a tool for agenda building in election campaigns? The case of Austria. Journalism, 20(8), 1087–1107. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884919845460 Staender, A., Ernst, N., & Steppat, D. (2019). Was steigert die Facebook-Resonanz? Eine Analyse der Likes, Shares und Comments im Schweizer Wahlkampf 2015. SCM Studies in Communication and Media, 8(2), 236–271. https://doi.org/10.5771/2192-4007-2019-2-236 Strömbäck, J., & Esser, F. (2017). Political Public Relations and Mediatization: The Strategies of News Management. In P. van Aelst & S. Walgrave (Eds.), How Political Actors Use the Media: A Functional Analysis of the Media’s Role in Politics (pp. 63–83). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60249-3_4 Tresch, A., Lefevere, J., Walgrave, S. (2018). How parties’ issue emphasis strategies vary across communication channels: The 2009 regional election campaign in Belgium. Acta Politica, 53(1), 25–47. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41269-016-0036-7 Walgrave, S., Tresch, A., & Lefevere, J. (2015). The Conceptualisation and Measurement of Issue Ownership. West European Politics, 38(4), 778–796. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2015.1039381

Rexroth, Frank / Teresa Schröder-Stapper (Hrsg.), Experten, Wissen, Symbole. Performanz und Medialität vormoderner Wissenskulturen (Historische Zeitschrift. Beihefte (Neue Folge), 71), Berlin / Boston 2018, de Gruyter Oldenbourg, 336 S. / Abb., € 89,95. (Lisa Dannenberg-Markel, Aachen) Enenkel, Karl A. E. / Christine Göttler (Hrsg.), Solitudo. Spaces, Places, and Times of Solitude in Late Medieval and Early Modern Cultures (Intersections, 56), Leiden / Boston 2018, Brill, XXXIV u. 568 S. / Abb., € 165,00. (Mirko Breitenstein, Dresden / Leipzig) Tracy, Larissa (Hg.), Medieval and Early Modern Murder. Legal, Literary and Historical Contexts, Woodbridge 2018, Boydell Press, 486 S., £ 60,00. (Benjamin Seebröker, Dresden) Müller, Mario, Verletzende Worte. Beleidigung und Verleumdung in Rechtstexten aus dem Mittelalter und aus dem 16. Jahrhundert (Hildesheimer Universitätsschriften, 33), Hildesheim / Zürich / New York 2017, Olms, 410 S. / Abb., € 78,00. 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Wess, The Grand Strategy of the Habsburg Empire, Princeton / Oxford 2018, Princeton University Press, XIV u. 403 S. / Abb., $ 27,00. (Simon Karstens, Trier) Pohlig, Matthias / Michael Schaich (Hrsg.), The War of the Spanish Succession. New Perspectives (Studies of the German Historical Institute London), Oxford 2018, Oxford University Press, IX u. 509 S. / Abb., £ 85,00. (Anuschka Tischer, Würzburg) Vollhardt, Friedrich, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. Epoche und Werk, Göttingen 2018, Wallstein, 490 S. / Abb., € 29,90. (Michael Maurer, Jena) Walliss, John, The Bloody Code in England and Wales, 1760 – 1830 (World Histories of Crime, Culture and Violence), Cham 2018, Palgrave Macmillan, XXIII u. 176 S. / graph. Darst., € 85,59. (Benjamin Seebröker, Dresden) „Die Schlesier im Ganzen taugen wahrlich nichts!“ Johann Gustav Gottlieb Büschings Briefe an seine Braut. An der Wiege der Breslauer Germanistik, hrsg., komm. u. mit einem Vorwort versehen v. Krzysztof Żarski / Natalia Żarska (Schlesische Grenzgänger, 10), Leipzig 2018, Leipziger Universitätsverlag, 575 S., € 49,00. (Michael Maurer, Jena)